DOCSLIB.ORG

Somatic Embryogenesis Through Cell Suspension Culture in Indian Commercial Cultivars of Banana (Musa Spp.)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Somatic Embryogenesis Through Cell Suspension Culture in Indian Commercial Cultivars of Banana (Musa Spp.) SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS THROUGH CELL SUSPENSION CULTURE IN INDIAN COMMERCIAL CULTIVARS OF BANANA (MUSA SPP.) THESIS SUBMITTED TO BHARATHIDASAN UNIVERSITY FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN BOTANY By A. AKBAR P.G. AND RESEARCH DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY JAMAL MOHAMED COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) (ACCREDITED AT ‘A’ GRADE BY NAAC- CGPA 3.6 OUT OF 4.0) TIRUCHIRAPPALLI- 620 020 TAMIL NADU, INDIA MARCH - 2011 Date: DECLARATION I do hereby declare that this work entitled “SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS THROUGH CELL SUSPENSION CULTURE IN INDIAN COMMERCIAL CULTIVARS OF BANANA (Musa spp.)”, has been originally carried out by me under the guidance of Dr. A. Shajahan, Lecturer (SG), PG and Research Department of Botany, Jamal Mohamed College, Tiruchirappalli- 620 020, and this work has not been submitted elsewhere for any other degree. (A. AKBAR) Dr. A. SHAJAHAN Lecturer (SG) & Principal Investigator (UGC Major Project) P.G. and Research Department of Botany Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous) (Accredited at ‘A’ Grade by NAAC- CGPA 3.6 Out of 4.0) Tiruchirappalli- 620 020 Tamil Nadu, India Date: CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the thesis entitled “Somatic embryogenesis through cell suspension culture in Indian commercial cultivars of Banana (Musa spp.)”, submitted to Bharathidasan University, Truchirappalli- 620 020, for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Botany, is an authentic record of original work carried out by Mr. A. AKBAR under my guidance and supervision during the study period at the PG and Research Department of Botany, Jamal Mohamed College, Thiruchirappalli- 620 020, Tamil Nadu, India. I further certify that no part of this thesis has been submitted any where else for the award of any degree, diploma, associateship fellowship or other similar titles to any candidate. (A. SHAJAHAN) Fax : +91 431 2331235 * Phone : +91 431 2422563 (Resi) * Mobile : + 944387431 * Email : [email protected] GRATITUDE First of all, I would like to thank the Lord Almighty for his benevolent blessing and abundant mercy which enabled me to complete this piece of work in successful manner. An accomplishment requires the effort of many people and this work is not different. I didn’t ask for it to be over, but then again, I never asked for it to begin. For that’s the way it is with life, as some of the most beautiful days come completely by chance. But even the most beautiful days eventually have their sunsets. Now its time to look back and remember those faces with a sense of gratitude. I express my deepest sense of gratitude to my Research Supervisor, Dr. A. Shajahan, Senior Lecturer, PG & Research Dept. of Botany, Jamal Mohamed College, for his encouragement, valuable suggestions and support extended throughout my project work. I thank Dr. S.Uma (Principal Scientist), Head of Crop Improvement Division, National Research Center for Banana (ICAR), Trichy, who has been a backbone to my success in completion of this work. Her untiring help, constant guidance and support extended throughout my work has made this possible. I am profoundly grateful to Janab, M.J. Noorden Sahib, President, Janab. A.K. Khaja Nazeemudeen Sahib, Secretary and Correspondent, Janab Hajee. K.A. Khaleel Ahamed Sahib, Treasurer, Assistant Secretary and the management committee members of Jamal Mohamed College for their encouragement and also providing facilities to complete this research work. I am grateful to Janab. Hajee. Dr. M. Sheik Mohamed, Principal Jamal Mohamed College for this motivation towards research and providing lab facilities to complete this work. I extend my gratitude to Dr. S. Ahmed Johan, Head, PG & Research Dept. of Botany, Jamal Mohamed College for providing lab facilities during my research. I wish to express my heartiest gratitude to Dr. M.N. Abubacker, Head Dept. of Botany, National College for his guidance throughout this research work. My sincere thanks to my professors Prof. A. Syed Ali, Prof. M. Purushothaman, Dr. A. Khaleel Ahamed, Dr. S. Mohamed Salique, Dr. Muhamed Ilyas, Dr. M. Ghouse Basha, Dr. M. Kamaraj, Dr. R. Ravikumar, Dr. K. Mohamed Rafi, Mr. A. Aslam, for their encouragement and constant support during the course of my research. A special thanks to Dr. M.S. Saraswathi (Scientist, SC) and Dr. S. Backiayarani (Senior Scientist), National Research Center for Banana (ICAR), Trichy, for their encouragement and valuable suggestions throughout my project work. I am deeply indebted to several persons for their tireless assistance. Without their aid and support, this research present format of thesis would not have been possible. Here, I would like to express my gratitude to Dr. P. Durai (Technical Officer), Dr. B. Sudhakar (Research Associate) Mr. A. Kaliappan (Research Associate), Mr. R. Mohanraj, Mr. Periasamy, Mr. Peter, Mr. Balu, Mr. S.A. Shafi, Mr. A. Saravana Kumar, Mr. A. Saravanakumar, K.P. Hidayath, Mr. Arun, Mr. K.P. Sajith, Mr. M. Muthusamy, Mr. Punniakotti, Mr. Kannan, Mr. K. Ravi, Mr. C. Sourdar Raju, Mr. Senthil Kumar, Miss. K. Udhayanjali, Miss. Mr. P. Rahul Gandhi, R. Chitra devi, Mrs. Sarasamma, Mrs. Bakiyam and Mrs. Sarasu. Last but not least, I would like to thank to my family members for their constant support to complete my research. ABBREVIATION % - percentage µg - microgram µl - microlitre µM - micromole 2,4-D - 2,4-diclorophenoxy acetic acid ABA - abscisic acid AS-AFLP - allele specific amplified fragment length polymorphism BAP - 6-benzyl adenine BSV - banana streak virus BBMV - banana bract mosaic virus BBTV - banana bunchy top virus bp - base pair (s) C - celsius cm - centimeter CMV - cucumber mosaic virus CTAB - N-Cetyl-N,N,N-trimethyl ammonium bromide cv - cultivar dNTP - deoxy nucleotide triphosphate ECS - embryogenic cell suspension FAO - food and agricultural organization FFF - photosynthetic photon flux G - gram g - gravity (relative centrifugal force) GA3 - gibbrellic acid h - hour INIBAP - international network for the improvement of banana and plantain ISSR - inter simple sequence repeats IEDCs - induced embryogenic determined cells kg - kilo gram Kin - kinetin L - litre m - meter M - molar mg - milligram min - minute ml - millilitre mm - millimeter mM - millimolar MS - murashige & skoog’s medium MW - molecular weight NAA - α – naphthalene acetic acid NAD - nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide NADP - nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide phosphate PCR - polymerase chain reaction PCV - packed cell volume PEMs - proembryogenic masses PEDCs - pre-embryogenic determined cells PVP - polyvinyl pyrrolidone RAPD - random amplified polymorphic DNA RFLP - restriction fragment length polymorphism rpm - revolutions per minute RH - relative humidity SE - somatic embryo SH - schenk and hildebrant medium STRs - short tandem repeats SSR - simple sequence repeats s - second TAE - tris acetate ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid TBE - tris borate ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid TE - tris - ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid TDZ - thidiazuron Tris - tris hydroxyl methyl amino methane UV - ultra violet V - volt v - volume w - weight CONTENTS Page No. 1.0. Introduction ...................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Taxonomy........................................................................................................... 2 1.2. Origin, Evolution and Diversity ......................................................................... 2 1.3. Indian commercial cultivars of banana .............................................................. 4 1.4. Production constraints in Banana....................................................................... 6 1.5. Conventional method of propagation ................................................................ 6 1.6. Importance of non conventional methods .......................................................... 7 1.6.1 Importance of in vitro system in improvement of Musa ..................... 8 1.6.2. Somatic embryogenesis ....................................................................... 8 1.6.3. Somaclonal variations in Musa............................................................ 9 1.6.3.1. Identification of genetic variation........................................... 10 1.6.3.2. Use of microsatellite marker................................................... 10 1.7. Objectives.................................................................................................. 11 2.0 Review of literature.................................................................................. 12 2.1. General Description............................................................................................ 12 2.2. Somatic embryogenesis...................................................................................... 13 2.2.1. Phenotypic plasticity in plants ............................................................. 14 2.2.2. Morphogenic competence and morphological expression................... 14 2.2.3. Unicellular and multicellular origin of somatic embryos .................... 15 2.2.4. Application of somatic embryogenesis................................................ 16 2.2.4.1. Important applications ............................................................ 16 2.2.4.2. Other applications ................................................................... 16 2.3. Factors affecting somatic embyrogenesis .......................................................... 17 2.3.1. Effect of genotype ............................................................................... 17 2.3.2. Effect
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Advancing Banana and Plantain R & D in Asia and the Pacific
    Advancing banana and plantain R & D in Asia and the Pacific Proceedings of the 9th INIBAP-ASPNET Regional Advisory Committee meeting held at South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China - 2-5 November 1999 A. B. Molina and V. N. Roa, editors The mission of the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain is to sustainably increase the productivity of banana and plantain grown on smallholdings for domestic consumption and for local and export markets. The Programme has four specific objectives: · To organize and coordinate a global research effort on banana and plantain, aimed at the development, evaluation and dissemination of improved banana cultivars and at the conservation and use of Musa diversity. · To promote and strengthen collaboration and partnerships in banana-related activities at the national, regional and global levels. · To strengthen the ability of NARS to conduct research and development activities on bananas and plantains. · To coordinate, facilitate and support the production, collection and exchange of information and documentation related to banana and plantain. Since May 1994, INIBAP is a programme of the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI). The International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI) is an autonomous international scientific organization, supported by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). IPGRIs mandate is to advocate the conservation and use of plant genetic resources for the benefit of present and future generations. IPGRIs headquarters is based in Rome, Italy, with offices in another 14 countries worldwide. It operates through three programmes: (1) the Plant Genetic Resources Programme, (2) the CGIAR Genetic Resources Support Programme, and (3) the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP).
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnobotany and Distribution Status of Ensete Superbum (Roxb
    Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicine 2015; 1(2): 54-58 Review Article Ethnobotany and distribution status of Ensete superbum J. Ayu. Herb. Med. 2015; 1(2): 54-58 (Roxb.) Cheesman in India: A geo-spatial review September- October © 2015, All rights reserved Saroj Kumar Vasundharan1, Raghunathan Nair Jaishanker1, A. Annamalai*2, Nediya Parambath Sooraj1 www. ayurvedjournal.com 1 School of Ecological Informatics, Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management (IIITM-K), Trivandrum-695581, Kerala, India 2 Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology & Health Sciences, Karunya University, Coimbatore-641114, Tamil Nadu, India ABSTRACT In view of the ethnomedicinal importance of the Ensete superbum, an endemic species of India, this review is an attempt to introduce the traditional knowledge mapping framework that compiles all available information reported on ethnobotanical uses and distribution status of the species. The study intends to draw attention of scientific communities towards conserving E. superbum and associated traditional knowledge. Keywords: Medicinal Plants, Cliff Banana, Kalluvazha, Rare, GIS. INTRODUCTION The Genus Ensete comprises nine species geographically ranges throughout tropical Africa and Asia. Among these, E. superbum and E. glaucum are reported to occur in India [1]. E. superbum (Roxb.) Cheesman, belongs to the family Musaceae is endemic to the Western Ghats, the Aravalli range and North-Eastern hills of India. They are monocarpic and non-stoloniferous tall herb. The preferred habitats of E. superbum are rocky slopes and crevices (Fig.1). It is popularly known as Cliff Banana... Seeds are especially used in the treatment of diabetes [2], kidney stone [3-6] and leucorrhoea [7-8]. Fruits, flowers and [9-13] pseudostem of E.
    [Show full text]
  • Farmers' Knowledge of Wild Musa in India Farmers'
    FARMERS’ KNOWLEDGE OF WILD MUSA IN INDIA Uma Subbaraya National Research Centre for Banana Indian Council of Agricultural Reasearch Thiruchippally, Tamil Nadu, India Coordinated by NeBambi Lutaladio and Wilfried O. Baudoin Horticultural Crops Group Crop and Grassland Service FAO Plant Production and Protection Division FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2006 Reprint 2008 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. All rights reserved. Reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product for educational or other non-commercial purposes are authorized without any prior written permission from the copyright holders provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of material in this information product for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without written permission of the copyright holders. Applications for such permission should be addressed to: Chief Publishing Management Service Information Division FAO Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy or by e-mail to: [email protected] © FAO 2006 FARMERS’ KNOWLEDGE OF WILD MUSA IN INDIA iii CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vi FOREWORD vii INTRODUCTION 1 SCOPE OF THE STUDY AND METHODS
    [Show full text]
  • Rich Zingiberales
    RESEARCH ARTICLE INVITED SPECIAL ARTICLE For the Special Issue: The Tree of Death: The Role of Fossils in Resolving the Overall Pattern of Plant Phylogeny Building the monocot tree of death: Progress and challenges emerging from the macrofossil- rich Zingiberales Selena Y. Smith1,2,4,6 , William J. D. Iles1,3 , John C. Benedict1,4, and Chelsea D. Specht5 Manuscript received 1 November 2017; revision accepted 2 May PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Inclusion of fossils in phylogenetic analyses is necessary in order 2018. to construct a comprehensive “tree of death” and elucidate evolutionary history of taxa; 1 Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of however, such incorporation of fossils in phylogenetic reconstruction is dependent on the Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA availability and interpretation of extensive morphological data. Here, the Zingiberales, whose 2 Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, familial relationships have been difficult to resolve with high support, are used as a case study MI 48109, USA to illustrate the importance of including fossil taxa in systematic studies. 3 Department of Integrative Biology and the University and Jepson Herbaria, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA METHODS: Eight fossil taxa and 43 extant Zingiberales were coded for 39 morphological seed 4 Program in the Environment, University of Michigan, Ann characters, and these data were concatenated with previously published molecular sequence Arbor, MI 48109, USA data for analysis in the program MrBayes. 5 School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Section of Plant Biology and the Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA KEY RESULTS: Ensete oregonense is confirmed to be part of Musaceae, and the other 6 Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]) seven fossils group with Zingiberaceae.
    [Show full text]
  • Ensete Superbum (Roxb.) Cheesman
    Journal Journal of Applied Horticulture, 21(1): 20-24, 2019 Appl In vitro cormlet production- an efficient means for conservation in Ensete superbum (Roxb.) Cheesman T.G. Ponni* and Ashalatha S. Nair Department of Botany, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram. *E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Ensete superbum from the family Musaceae is commonly known as Kallu vazha (wild/ rock/cliff banana). The species holds a precise position in the field of medicine for its anti-hyperglycemic, anti-diuretic and spermicidal potential as well as ornamental value in botanical gardens. Due to deforestation, habitat fragmentation, indiscriminate harvesting for commercial gain, absence of suckers, and recalcitrant nature of seeds; this species is facing a drastic reduction in its propagation. The present study developed a protocol for the production of cormlets from explants isolated from inflorescence. The explants were cultured on MS media supplemented with 4mg L-1 BAP and 1.5 mg L-1 KIN and an average of six to ten cormlets were produced/ explants within eight weeks. Shoot induction occurred from the cormlets on MS medium with 3mg L-1 IBA and 1.5 mg L-1 BAP. Cormlets inoculated on MS medium supplemented with 1000 mg L-1 glutamine for a period of four weeks enhanced the size of cormlets which in turn increased the number of shoots. An average of ten multiple shoots were obtained on MS medium supplemented with 5 mg L-1 BAP. Maximum rooting was obtained on half strength MS medium with 3 mg L-1 IBA, 0.1 mg L-1 BAP and 1% activated charcoal.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnobotanical Significance of Zingiberales: a Case Study in the Malaipandaram Tribe of Southern Western Ghats of Kerala
    Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge Vol 19(2), April 2020, pp 450-458 Ethnobotanical significance of Zingiberales: a case study in the Malaipandaram tribe of Southern western Ghats of Kerala VP Thomas*,+, Judin Jose, Saranya Mol ST & Binoy T Thomas CATH Herbarium, Research Department of Botany, Catholicate College, Pathanamthitta 689 645, Kerala, India E-mail: [email protected] Received 27 August 2018; revised 04 November 2019 The knowledge on the use of plants of the order Zingiberales by the Malaipandaram tribe inhabited in South India was documented. The data was recorded through questionnaires after proper consultation with the traditional healers and others. The informant consensus factor and use value were analysed. Taxonomic studies were carried out and herbarium specimens were preserved at Catholic Volege Herbarius (CATH) herbarium and live specimens were conserved in the Catholicate College Botanical Garden. A total of 17 ethnobotanically important species were identified in Zingiberales distributed under 5 families, viz., Zingiberaceae, Costaceae, Musaceae, Marantaceae and Cannaceae. The plants were listed with scientific name, local name, family, parts used, preparation methods and use. The commonly used taxa was Curcuma longa with 52 use reports and highest use value of 1.62. In the investigation, endocrinal disorders and tooth pain reported highest Fic of 1. The information collected will be the baseline data for future phytochemical and pharmacological research to develop new drugs and service. Keywords: Ethnobotany, India, Kerala, Malaipandaram, Zingiberales IPC Code: Int. Cl.20: A61K 31/05, A61K 36/00, C12N 15/82 Malaipandaram tribes settled in the forest mountains Methodology near to Sabarimala pilgrimage place in Kerala.
    [Show full text]
  • Distribution Record of Ensete Glaucum (Roxb.) Cheesm. (Musaceae) in Tripura, Northeast India: a Rare Wild Primitive Banana
    Asian Journal of Conservation Biology, December, 2013. Vol. 2 No. 2, pp. 164–167 AJCB: SC0010 ISSN 2278-7666 ©TCRP 2013 Distribution record of Ensete glaucum (Roxb.) Cheesm. (Musaceae) in Tripura, Northeast India: a rare wild primitive banana Koushik Majumdar*1, Abhijit Sarkar1, Dipankar Deb1, Joydeb Majumder2 and B. K. Datta1 1Plant Taxonomy and Biodiversity Lab., Department of Botany, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura-799022, India 2Ecology and Biosystematics Lab., Department of Zoology, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura -799022, India (Accepted December 05, 2013) ABSTRACT Ensete glaucum recently recorded in Tripura during floristic investigations, which is an additional banana spe- cies for the flora. We observed very limited population in the wild and recorded necessary information on its distribution, habitat association and pollen structure. Present information will be useful for future population assessment, regeneration and other ecological studies to manage its wild stock and to protect this primitive banana from regional extinction. Keywords: Rare wild banana, habitat ecology, distribution extension, Tripura INTRODUCTION (Simmonds, 1960). Although, natural occurrences of this banana in India was confirmed from Visakhapatnam and Cheesman (1947) was first drawn the distinct differences Errakonda of Andhra Pradesh in Eastern Ghats of genus Ensete Horan. as single-stemmed monocarpic (Subbarao and Kumari, 1967 ) and Khasi Hills of waxy herbs, with pseudostems dilated at the base, per- Meghalaya in Eastern Himalayan region (Rao and Hajra, sistent green bracts, large seeds (≥ 1 cm. in diameter) 1976). irregularly globose and smooth which distinctly retain- J. G. Baker (1893) placed E. glaucum as Musa ing more primitive characters and, hence differ from glauca Roxb. in his subgenus Eumusa because of cylin- Musa Linn.
    [Show full text]
  • Seeds of the Plant Ensete Superbum (Roxb.) Cheesman As a Potential Remedy in Mutrashmari: a Case Study Sriwidya Bharati1*And Swapna Bhat2
    Int J Ayu Pharm Chem CASE STUDY www.ijapc.com e-ISSN 2350-0204 Seeds of the Plant Ensete superbum (Roxb.) Cheesman as a Potential Remedy in Mutrashmari: A Case Study Sriwidya Bharati1*and Swapna Bhat2 1,2Department of PG studies in Dravyaguna, Karnataka Ayurveda Medical College, Mangalore, KA, India ABSTRACT With the present day trend of consumption of spicy, fast food and having a sedentary lifestyle, there has been increase in the incidences of urinary tract disorders, namely Urinary Calculi. The process of formation of urinary calculus is termed as urolithiasis. This condition can be correlated to mutrashmari which has been well identified and explained in detail by acharyas in Ayurveda. The folklore practitioners of Kerala and Tamilnadu region make use of seeds of the plant Ensete superbum to facilitate the expulsion of urinary calculi. Ensete superbum is a species of banana which can be found in Western Ghats and is commonly called as rock banana, cliff banana or wild plantain. In this case study, effect of Ensete superbum seeds in the management of mutrashmari has been clinicaly elicited. A 48 year old male patient approached to the OPD of Karnataka Ayurveda Medical Hospital, Mangalore; presenting with signs and symptoms of mutrashmari. Diagnosis was confirmed by ultrasonography test. Patient was asked to consume the powder obtained from 3 crushed seeds of Ensete superbum along with milk, in morning empty stomach and in the evening for the duration of 10 days. The patient felt significant improvement in symptoms within 10 days and also noticed the expulsion of calculi with the urine passage.
    [Show full text]
  • Ensete Superbum Ameliorates Renal Dysfunction in Experimental Diabetes Mellitus
    Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences ijbms.mums.ac.ir Ensete superbum ameliorates renal dysfunction in experimental diabetes mellitus MS Sreekutty 1, S Mini 1* 1 Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram‐695581, Kerala, India A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article type: Objective(s) Short communication : Hyperglycemia mediated oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications like nephropathy. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of ethanolic extract of Article history: Ensete superbum seeds (ESSE) on renal dysfunction and oxidative stress in streptozotocin‐induced Received: Mar 14, 2015 diabetic rats. Accepted: Jul 23, 2015 Materials and Methods: Glucose, HbA1c, total protein, albumin, renal function markers (urea, uric acid and creatinine), and lipid peroxidation levels were evaluated. Renal enzymatic and non‐enzymatic Keywords: antioxidants were examined along with renal histopathological study. Antioxidant Results: ESSE (400 mg/kg BW t) administration reduced glucose and HbA1c, and improved serum total Diabetes mellitus protein and albumin in diabetic rats. ESSE in diabetic rats recorded decrement in renal function Diabetic nephropathy markers and renal lipid peroxidation products along with significant increment in enzymatic and non‐ Ensete superbum enzymatic antioxidants. Renal morphological abnormalities of diabetic rats were markedly Nephroprotection ameliorated by E.superbum. Streptozotocin Conclusion: These results suggest that the antioxidant effect of E. superbum could ameliorate oxidative stress and delay/prevent the progress of diabetic nephropathy in diabetes mellitus. ►Please cite this article as: Sreekutty MS, Mini S. Ensete superbum ameliorates renal dysfunction in experimental diabetes mellitus.
    [Show full text]
  • Enset in Ethiopia: a Poorly Characterised but Resilient
    1 Article type: REVIEW - Author version 2 Submitted to Annals of Botany: 24 August 2018; revised version submitted 28 Ocotber 2018; 3 accepted 31 October 2018; doi allocated: doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcy214 4 Enset in Ethiopia: a poorly characterised but resilient 5 starch staple 6 7 James S. Borrell1*, Manosh K. Biswas2, Mark Goodwin2#, Guy Blomme3, Trude 8 Schwarzacher2, J. S. (Pat) Heslop-Harrison2, Abebe M. Wendawek4, Admas Berhanu5, 9 Simon Kallow6,7, Steven Janssens8, Ermias L. Molla9, Aaron P. Davis1, Feleke Woldeyes10, 10 Kathy Willis1,11, Sebsebe Demissew1,9,12, Paul Wilkin1. 11 1Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, UK 12 2Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK 13 3Bioversity International, c/o ILRI, P.O.Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 14 4Department of Biology, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia 15 5Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Wolkite University, Hawassa, Ethiopia 16 6Conservation Science Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wakehurst Place, Ardingly, 17 West Sussex, RH17 6TN, UK 18 7Division of Crop Biotechnics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001, 19 Leuven, Belgium 20 8Laboratory of Plant Systematics, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, Katholieke 21 Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark, Arenberg 31, P.O. Box 2437, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium 22 9Department of Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, P.O. Box 3293,5 Ethiopia 23 10Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute, Addis Ababa, P.O.Box: 30726, Ethiopia 24 11Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, UK. 25 12Gullele Botanic Garden, P. O. Box 153/1029, Addis Ababa Ethiopia. 26 * For correspondence. E-mail [email protected] 27 # deceased 25 August 2018 see tribute at the end of the article.
    [Show full text]
  • Ensete 1 Ensete
    Ensete 1 Ensete Ensete Ensete superbum at the United States Botanic Garden Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae (unranked): Angiosperms (unranked): Monocots (unranked): Commelinids Order: Zingiberales Family: Musaceae Genus: Ensete Bruce Species See text. Synonyms Musella (Franch.) C.Y. Wu Ensete is a genus of monocarpic flowering plants native to tropical regions of Africa and Asia. It is one of the three genera in the banana family, Musaceae, and includes the false banana or enset (E. ventricosum), an economically important foodcrop in Ethiopia. Taxonomy The genus Ensete was first described by Paul Fedorowitsch Horaninow (1796-1865) in his Prodromus Monographiae Scitaminarum of 1862 in which he created a single species, Ensete edule. However, the genus did not receive general recognition until 1947 when it was revived by E. E. Cheesman in the first of a series of papers in the Kew Bulletin on the classification of the bananas, with a total of 25 species. Taxonomically, the genus Ensete has shrunk since Cheesman revived the taxon. Cheesman acknowledged that field study might reveal synonymy and the most recent review of the genus by Simmonds (1960) listed just six. Recently the number has increased to seven as the Flora of China has, not entirely convincingly, reinstated Ensete wilsonii. There is one species in Thailand, somewhat resembling E. superbum, that has not been formally described, and possibly other Asian species. Ensete 2 It is possible to separate Ensete into its African and Asian species. Africa Ensete gilletii Ensete homblei Ensete perrieri - endemic to Madagascar but intriguingly like the Asian E. glaucum Ensete ventricosum - enset or false banana, widely cultivated as a food plant in Ethiopia Asia Ensete glaucum - widespread in Asia from India to Papua New Guinea Ensete lasiocarpum (Franch.) Cheesman - China, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar (Burma) Ensete superbum - Western Ghats of India Ensete wilsonii - Yunnan, China, but doubtfully distinct from E.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Full Article in PDF Format
    Typifi cation and check-list of Musa L. names (Musaceae) with nomenclatural notes Markku HÄKKINEN Finnish Museum of Natural History, Botanic Garden, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 44, Helsinki, FI-00014 (Finland) [email protected] Henry VÄRE Finnish Museum of Natural History, Botanical Museum, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 7, Helsinki, FI-00014 (Finland) henry.vare@helsinki.fi Häkkinen M. & Väre H. 2008. — Typifi cation and check-list of Musa L. names (Musaceae) with nomenclatural notes. Adansonia, sér. 3, 30 (1) : 63-112. ABSTRACT Th e published Musa L. names are listed and typifi cations are considerably sup- plemented. Typifi cation of the names belonging to other genera of Musaceae is beyond the scope of the present study. All the synonyms discovered are also given. Altogether, 439 names were found. Of those, 110 are illegitimate and 134 are obvious “cultivars” or dubious names presented in seven publica- tions describing mainly “variants” of cultivated bananas, viz. M. ×paradisiaca, M. sapidisiaca and M. sapientum. Of the 170 dubious names, Blanco (1837) described 17, Hubert (1907) fi ve (all illegitimate), Gillet (1909) 28 (all ille- gitimate), Teodoro (1915) 10, Quisumbing (1919) 17 and Jacob (1952) 64 names. Th e names (24) by De Wildeman (1920) and de Briey, in the same book, are lectotypifi ed through illustrations. Th ose names represent cultivars. Of the remaining Musa names 32 represent Ensete, Musella and one Heliconia. Altogether, 26 names, Ensete excluded, could not be typifi ed due to the lack of original material. Th ese names remain obscure, as the descriptions do not allow identifi cation.
    [Show full text]