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Ethiopian Journal of Biological Sciences Volume 17, Supplementary (2018) Ethiopian Journal of Biological Sciences ISSN: 1819-8678 Official Journal of the Biological Society of Ethiopia Indexed and abstracted by CABI AJOL Vol. 17, 2018 Addis Ababa (Supplementary) Ethiopia ETHIOPIAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES VOLUME 17, SUPPLEMENTARY (2018) EDITORIAL BOARD Editor-in-Chief Prof. Seyoum Mengistou, Dept. of Zoological Sciences, AAU PO Box 81176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Tel. +251-11-123 68 40 Editor Prof. Zerihun Woldu, Dept. of Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management, AAU Associate Editors Prof. Abebe Getahun, Dept. of Zoological Sciences, AAU Dr. Diriba Muleta, Institute of Biotechnology, AAU Dr. Fassil Assefa, Dept. of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, AAU Dr. Mekuria Lakew, Dept. of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, AAU Dr. Tamrat Bekele, Dept. of Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management, AAU Dr. Tesfaye Bekele, Ethiopian Environment and Forest Research Institute Dr. Tileye Feyissa, Dept. of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, AAU Editorial Assistant Miss Abenet Girma, The Biological Society of Ethiopia INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY BOARD Dr. Amha Belay, Earthrise Nutritionals, USA Dr. Ingvar Backeus, Uppsala University, Sweden Dr. Trygve Berg, Agricultural University of Norway, Norway Prof. Ib Friis, Copenhagen University, Denmark Dr. Coert Geldenhuys, Forestwood cc, South Africa Prof. Tore Godal, GAVI, Switzerland Prof. Kunle Kassim, Howard University, USA Dr. Wojciech J. Pulawski, California Academy of Sciences, USA Dr. Duane A. Schlitter, Texas A&M University, USA Dr. Melanie Stiassny, American Museum of Natural History, USA Dr. Tewolde Berhan Gebre Egziabher, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Ethiopia Prof. Holm Uibrig, Dresden University of Technology, Germany Prof. Zemede Asfaw, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia Prof. Pei-Yi Chu, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C. © The Biological Society of Ethiopia, 2018 ETHIOPIAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES VOLUME 17, SUPPLEMENTARY (2018) CONTENTS Preface -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- iii–iv Review of the history, taxonomy and nomenclature of Ensete and the objectives and expectations of the international workshop on Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1–23 Sebsebe Demissew and Ib Friis Trends and gaps in enset (Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman research ------ 25–36 Masresha Fetene and Getahun Yemata The centre of origin and domestication of Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman and its phylogenetic relationship to some Musa species --------------------------------------- 37–49 Endashaw Bekele Enset (Ensete ventricosum, Musaceae) ethnobotany: Research status, gaps and key messages --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 51–62 Zemede Asfaw Improving indigenous knowledge of propagation for the development of enset agriculture: Promoting farmers’ adaptation capacity to climate change --------------------------- 63–73 Laila M.Karlsson, Abitew Lagibo Dalbato and Tamado Tana Biotechnological studies on enset (Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman)), a food security staple food crop of Ethiopia -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 75–101 Genet Birmeta Status and future prospects of research on diseases of enset (Ensete ventricosum) and their management ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 103–119 Adane Abraham Land-use changes in the enset-based agroforestry systems of Sidama, southern Ethiopia, and its implications for agricultural sustainability ------------------------------------ 121–132 Tesfaye Abebe Diversity, challenges and management of enset (Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman) by Kembatta people, southern Ethiopia --------------------------------------------------- 133–161 Melesse Maryo, Sileshi Nemomissa and Tamrat Bekele Achievements, experiences and strategies on enset (Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman) research in Ethiopia ---------------------------------------------------------- 163–189 Zerihun Yemataw, Sadik Muzemil, Agedew Bekele and Eshetu Derso Relevant research questions on the crop physiology of enset ----------------------- 191–199 P.C. Struik A perspective to enhance innovative research with emphasis on varietal diversity and sustainable utilization of enset (Ensete ventricosum) --------------------------------- 201–209 Paul Wilkin, Aaron Davis, Sebsebe Demissew, Tom Etherington, Mark Goodwin, Pat Heslop-Harrison, Trude Schwarzacher and Kathy Willis Addis Ababa declaration on enset -------------------------------------------------------- 211–213 Guidelines for Contributors © The Biological Society of Ethiopia, 2018 Ethiop. J. Biol. Sci. 17(Suppl.): iii–iv, 2018 © The Biological Society of Ethiopia, 2018 ISSN: 1819-8678 PREFACE This supplementary issue of the Ethiopian Journal of Biological Sciences is dedicated to the International Workshop on “enset (Ensete ventricosum) for Sustainable Development: Current research trends, gaps and future direction for a coordinated multidisciplinary approach in Ethiopia” that was held between Oct 17 and 18, 2016 at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Introduction - Enset (Ensete ventricosum) is a multipurpose crop providing a range of services such as food, feed, medicine, ritual, fiber and other ecological services such as soil protection and water infiltration. The different uses are attributed to the existence of different enset varieties developed by farmers. Although enset is distributed in the wild throughout much of central, eastern and southern Africa, it has only been domesticated and cultivated in Ethiopia with its highly developed farming system. It is also known that currently of the total number of the Ethiopian population estimated to be about 100 million, about one-fifth of which about 20 million depend on this crop mainly in the Southern Region and adjoining areas in Oromia and Gambella Regions. Despite the important attributes of the crop such as the harvesting throughout the year, storage over a long period, high yield per unit area and the enset system having a high human carrying capacity compared to cereal growing regions, the enset agriculture was deprived of the research attention it deserved compared to cereal agriculture. Cognizant of workshops held in the past, the aim of the workshop was to bring together enset researchers from both the natural and social sciences in order to capture the wealth of vital information from various research areas carried out in the past four to five decades, identify the research gaps in their areas of expertise and suggest the way forward. During the workshop, there were 47 participants from the Ministry of Agriculture (at the federal and regional levels), Ministry of Science and Technology, stakeholders representing policy makers; Universities (Addis Ababa, Arba Minch, Haramaya, Hawassa, Wolayita, Wolkite in Ethiopia, the University of Wageningen, the Netherlands and Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden), the Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute, Southern Agriculture Research Institute); and other invited guests. Twenty two papers were presented and of which 12 are published in this supplementary issue. These papers presented wealth of information available from research carried out in the last 40 years and also presented challenges iv Preface and gaps. Over all it was acknowledged that the research that has been going on mainly in natural science disciplines have been carried out largely in isolation. Science-Policy Interface - One of the major problems in Ethiopia and elsewhere in developing countries is the lack of communication between researchers and policy makers and hence the direct impact of research results on policy is rare and far in between. Thus, there is a need to work a mechanism to have a workable science-policy interface. Research results on enset have not made a major impact on policy so as to make enset research high on the research agenda both at the national and regional levels. At the end of the workshop participants agreed on the need: to have a multidisciplinary approach in order to develop a sustainable future for enset system and the livelihood of communities depending on it; towards developing a science-policy interface where research results influence policy through effective communication; for policy makers to use research results to make informed decisions in promoting enset as one of the important indigenous crops and to take steps to recognize/identify a Centre of Excellence on Enset in Eastern Africa in general and in Ethiopia in particular in a similar way as there is Centre of Excellence on Yam Research in West Africa; to follow the implementation of the various points indicated in the Addis Ababa declaration on enset that is included at the end of this supplementary volume. Sebsebe Demissew, National Herbarium, Department of Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management, College of Natural Sciences, P.O. Box 3434, Addis Ababa Ethiopia: e-mail: [email protected] Further information is available from: http://enset-project.org/ Ethiop. J. Biol. Sci. 17(Suppl.): 1–23, 2018 © The Biological Society of Ethiopia, 2018 ISSN: 1819-8678 REVIEW OF THE HISTORY, TAXONOMY AND NOMENCLATURE OF ENSETE AND THE OBJECTIVES AND EXPECTATIONS OF THE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON ENSETE VENTRICOSUM (WELW.) CHEESMAN Sebsebe Demissew1,2,3*
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