Floral Scent Profiles and Flower Visitors in Species of Asarum
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FLORA from FĂRĂGĂU AREA (MUREŞ COUNTY) AS POTENTIAL SOURCE of MEDICINAL PLANTS Silvia OROIAN1*, Mihaela SĂMĂRGHIŢAN2
ISSN: 2601 – 6141, ISSN-L: 2601 – 6141 Acta Biologica Marisiensis 2018, 1(1): 60-70 ORIGINAL PAPER FLORA FROM FĂRĂGĂU AREA (MUREŞ COUNTY) AS POTENTIAL SOURCE OF MEDICINAL PLANTS Silvia OROIAN1*, Mihaela SĂMĂRGHIŢAN2 1Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tîrgu Mureş, Romania 2Mureş County Museum, Department of Natural Sciences, Tîrgu Mureş, Romania *Correspondence: Silvia OROIAN [email protected] Received: 2 July 2018; Accepted: 9 July 2018; Published: 15 July 2018 Abstract The aim of this study was to identify a potential source of medicinal plant from Transylvanian Plain. Also, the paper provides information about the hayfields floral richness, a great scientific value for Romania and Europe. The study of the flora was carried out in several stages: 2005-2008, 2013, 2017-2018. In the studied area, 397 taxa were identified, distributed in 82 families with therapeutic potential, represented by 164 medical taxa, 37 of them being in the European Pharmacopoeia 8.5. The study reveals that most plants contain: volatile oils (13.41%), tannins (12.19%), flavonoids (9.75%), mucilages (8.53%) etc. This plants can be used in the treatment of various human disorders: disorders of the digestive system, respiratory system, skin disorders, muscular and skeletal systems, genitourinary system, in gynaecological disorders, cardiovascular, and central nervous sistem disorders. In the study plants protected by law at European and national level were identified: Echium maculatum, Cephalaria radiata, Crambe tataria, Narcissus poeticus ssp. radiiflorus, Salvia nutans, Iris aphylla, Orchis morio, Orchis tridentata, Adonis vernalis, Dictamnus albus, Hammarbya paludosa etc. Keywords: Fărăgău, medicinal plants, human disease, Mureş County 1. -
Wild Ginger, Asarum Spp
A Horticulture Information article from the Wisconsin Master Gardener website, posted 27 June 2005 Wild Ginger, Asarum spp. There are 60-70 species of woodland perennials in the genus Asarum. These great foliage plants in the family Aristolochiaceae make excellent ground covers for shady sites. Their leaves vary considerably in texture, colors of green and patterning. They all need rich organic soil with plenty of moisture to thrive. Under favorable conditions they spread quickly and vigorously. Of these numerous species, European wild ginger, A. europaeum, and wild ginger, A. ca- nadense, are the most commonly available to Asarum europeaum has at- tractive glossy leaves. American gardeners. Both spread slowly to form dense colonies once established. The interest- ing but inconspicuous, dark brown, reddish or purple, bell-shaped fl owers are produced near the ground in spring, hidden by the leaves and blending in with The fl owers of wild gin- soil and leaf litter. ger, Asarum canadense, are small, dark-colored European Wild Ginger (A. europeaum) and hidden by the foliage. This elegant plant with glossy, dark green, nearly rounded leaves makes an excellent ground cover. Plants form neat clumps up to 6 inches high and remain evergreen where winters are not too harsh; in Wisconsin the leaves generally die back to the ground. The leaves are produced in pairs and the small, greenish-brown drooping fl owers are rarely noticed, being hidden by the foliage. This plant prefers part to full shade and rich, moist soil – but has done very well in my garden on clay soil with summer sun until about 2:00 p.m. -
Native Plants for Erosion Control
NATIVES FOR EROSION CONTROL Source: BOSKY DELL NATIVE NURSERY www.boskydellnatives.com (modified to include only lower Willamette Valley Natives) PLANTS FOR DRY, SUNNY AREAS TREES Plant Species Cultural Requirements Root Depth Abies grandis , grand fir dry to moist soil, full to partial sun deep roots Acer macrophyllum , big-leaf maple dry to wet soil, full sun deep roots Arbutus menziesii , Pacific madrone dry soil, full sun deep roots Cornus nuttallii, Pacific dogwood dry to moist soil, full to part sun deep roots Pinus ponderosa, western ponderosa pine dry soil, full sun deep roots Populus tremuloides, quaking aspen dry to moist soil, full sun deep roots Prunus virginiana, chokecherry dry soil, full sun deep roots Pseudotsuga menziesii , Douglas fir dry to moist soil, full sun deep roots Quercus garryana, Oregon white oak dry to moist soil, full sun deep roots Sambucus cerulea , blue elderberry dry to moist soil deep roots Thuja plicata , western red cedar dry to wet soil, full sun deep roots SHRUBS Plant Species Cultural Requirements Root Depth Amelanchior alnifolia, serviceberry dry to moist soil, full sun medium depth Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, kinnikinnik dry soil, full sun medium depth Holodiscus discolor, oceanspray dry to moist soil, full sun to full shade deep roots Mahonia aquifolium, tall Oregon grape dry to moist soil, full sun to full shade medium depth Mahonia repens , creeping Oregon grape dry to moist soil, full sun to full shade medium depth Philadelphus lewisii , mock orange dry to moist soil, full sun medium depth Ribes aureum, golden currant dry to moist soil, full sun medium depth Ribes sanguineum , red flowering currant dry to moist soil, full sun to part shade medium depth Rosa gymnocarpa, baldhip rose dry to moist soil, full sun to part shade medium depth Rosa nootkana, nootka rose dry to wet soil, full sun medium depth Rosa pisocarpa, clustered rose dry to moist soil, full sun medium depth Spiraea betulifolia var. -
Diapensia Family, by Stephen Doonan 101
Bulletin of the American Rock Garden Society Volume 51 Number 2 Spring 1993 Cover: Gentiana sino-ornata by Jill S. Buck of Westminster, Colorado All Material Copyright © 1993 American Rock Garden Society \ Bulletin of the American Rock Garden Society Volume 51 Number 2 Spring 1993 Features Asarums, by Barry R. Yinger 83 Ancient Rocks and Emerald Carpets, by Jeanie Vesall 93 The Diapensia Family, by Stephen Doonan 101 The Southeast Asia-America Connection, by Richard Weaver, Jr. 107 Early Editors of the Bulletin, by Marnie Flook 125 From China with Concern, by Don Jacobs 136 Departments Plant Portraits 132 Propagation 145 Books 147 u to UH 82 Bulletin of the American Rock Garden Society Vol. 51(2) Asarums by Barry R. Yinger Until very recently, few American of old Japanese prints, my interest went gardeners displayed interest in the from slow simmer to rapid boil. I subse• species and cultivars of Asarum. When quently spent a semester in Japan, my own interest in this group began to where my interest became obsession. I develop 20 years ago, there was little have since learned a great deal about evidence of cultivation, even among these plants, particularly during my avid rock gardeners. Some American research in the Japanese literature for species were grown by wildflower my thesis in the Longwood Program, a enthusiasts, and pioneers of American graduate course in public garden admin• rock gardening such as Line Foster and istration. As I make more visits to Harold Epstein were sampling a few of Japan, I continue to assemble an ever- the Japanese species. -
Vascular Plants of Horse Mountain (Humboldt County, California) James P
Humboldt State University Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University Botanical Studies Open Educational Resources and Data 4-2019 Vascular Plants of Horse Mountain (Humboldt County, California) James P. Smith Jr Humboldt State University, [email protected] John O. Sawyer Jr. Humboldt State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Smith, James P. Jr and Sawyer, John O. Jr., "Vascular Plants of Horse Mountain (Humboldt County, California)" (2019). Botanical Studies. 38. https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps/38 This Flora of Northwest California: Checklists of Local Sites of Botanical Interest is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Educational Resources and Data at Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Botanical Studies by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. VASCULAR PLANTS OF HORSE MOUNTAIN (HUMBOLDT COUNTY, CALIFORNIA) Compiled by James P. Smith, Jr. & John O. Sawyer, Jr. Department of Biological Sciences Humboldt State University Arcata, California Fourth Edition · 29 April 2019 Horse Mountain (elevation 4952 ft.) is located at 40.8743N, -123.7328 W. The Polystichum x scopulinum · Bristle or holly fern closest town is Willow Creek, about 15 miles to the northeast. Access is via County Road 1 (Titlow Hill Road) off State Route 299. You have now left the Coast Range PTERIDACEAE BRAKE FERN FAMILY and entered the Klamath-Siskiyou Region. The area offers commanding views of Adiantum pedatum var. aleuticum · Maidenhair fern the Pacific Ocean and the Trinity Alps. -
Piperaceae) Revealed by Molecules
Annals of Botany 99: 1231–1238, 2007 doi:10.1093/aob/mcm063, available online at www.aob.oxfordjournals.org From Forgotten Taxon to a Missing Link? The Position of the Genus Verhuellia (Piperaceae) Revealed by Molecules S. WANKE1 , L. VANDERSCHAEVE2 ,G.MATHIEU2 ,C.NEINHUIS1 , P. GOETGHEBEUR2 and M. S. SAMAIN2,* 1Technische Universita¨t Dresden, Institut fu¨r Botanik, D-01062 Dresden, Germany and 2Ghent University, Department of Biology, Research Group Spermatophytes, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/aob/article/99/6/1231/2769300 by guest on 28 September 2021 Received: 6 December 2006 Returned for revision: 22 January 2007 Accepted: 12 February 2007 † Background and Aims The species-poor and little-studied genus Verhuellia has often been treated as a synonym of the genus Peperomia, downplaying its significance in the relationships and evolutionary aspects in Piperaceae and Piperales. The lack of knowledge concerning Verhuellia is largely due to its restricted distribution, poorly known collection localities, limited availability in herbaria and absence in botanical gardens and lack of material suitable for molecular phylogenetic studies until recently. Because Verhuellia has some of the most reduced flowers in Piperales, the reconstruction of floral evolution which shows strong trends towards reduction in all lineages needs to be revised. † Methods Verhuellia is included in a molecular phylogenetic analysis of Piperales (trnT-trnL-trnF and trnK/matK), based on nearly 6000 aligned characters and more than 1400 potentially parsimony-informative sites which were partly generated for the present study. Character states for stamen and carpel number are mapped on the combined molecular tree to reconstruct the ancestral states. -
Aristolochic Acids Tract Urothelial Cancer Had an Unusually High Incidence of Urinary- Bladder Urothelial Cancer
Report on Carcinogens, Fourteenth Edition For Table of Contents, see home page: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/roc Aristolochic Acids tract urothelial cancer had an unusually high incidence of urinary- bladder urothelial cancer. CAS No.: none assigned Additional case reports and clinical investigations of urothelial Known to be human carcinogens cancer in AAN patients outside of Belgium support the conclusion that aristolochic acids are carcinogenic (NTP 2008). The clinical stud- First listed in the Twelfth Report on Carcinogens (2011) ies found significantly increased risks of transitional-cell carcinoma Carcinogenicity of the urinary bladder and upper urinary tract among Chinese renal- transplant or dialysis patients who had consumed Chinese herbs or Aristolochic acids are known to be human carcinogens based on drugs containing aristolochic acids, using non-exposed patients as sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in humans and the reference population (Li et al. 2005, 2008). supporting data on mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Evidence of car- Molecular studies suggest that exposure to aristolochic acids is cinogenicity from studies in experimental animals supports the find- also a risk factor for Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) and up- ings in humans. per-urinary-tract urothelial cancer associated with BEN (Grollman et al. 2007). BEN is a chronic tubulointerstitial disease of the kidney, Cancer Studies in Humans endemic to Serbia, Bosnia, Croatia, Bulgaria, and Romania, that has The evidence for carcinogenicity in humans is based on (1) findings morphology and clinical features similar to those of AAN. It has been of high rates of urothelial cancer, primarily of the upper urinary tract, suggested that exposure to aristolochic acids results from consump- among individuals with renal disease who had consumed botanical tion of wheat contaminated with seeds of Aristolochia clematitis (Ivic products containing aristolochic acids and (2) mechanistic studies 1970, Hranjec et al. -
Madroäno; a West American Journal of Botany
POLLINATION BIOLOGY OF ASARUM HARTWEGII (ARISTOLOCHIACEAE): AN EVALUATION OF VOGEL'S MUSHROOM-FLY HYPOTHESIS Michael R. Mesler and Karen L. Lu Department of Biological Sciences, Humboldt State University, Areata, CA 95521 Abstract Stefan Vogel proposed that flowers ofAsarum s.l. mimic the fruiting bodies of fungi and are pollinated by flies whose larvae feed on mushrooms. Contrary to this view, the flowers of A. hartwegii are predominantly autogamous in the Klamath Mountains of northern California. Seed set of bagged flowers in one large population was equiv- alent to that of unmanipulated controls while emasculated flowers set only about 3% as many seeds as controls. Circumstantial evidence suggests, however, that the vectors responsible for the limited amount of allogamy are mycophagous flies lured by de- ception. We found fly eggs in 38% of more than 1 100 flowers inspected over a four year period. The eggs belonged to 8 species in at least 4 families. The most abundant were laid by Suillia thompsoni (Heleomyzidae), whose larvae are obligately mycopha- gous. Two of the other three flies we identified, Docosia sp. (Mycetophylidae) and Scaptomyza pallida (Drosophilidae), also have mycophagous larvae while the larvae of the third species, Hylemya fugax (Anthomyiidae), normally feed on decaying plant material. Hatched eggs were common in the flowers, but we rarely saw larvae, implying that floral tissue is not a suitable larval substrate and that ovipositing females are attracted by deception. Evidence that the flies are pollinators comes from studies of emasculated flowers: those with eggs were more than three times as likely to set fruit as those without eggs. -
A Taxonomic Study of Asarum Sect. Asiasarum (Aristolochiaceae) in Japan
植物研究雑誌 J. Jpn. Bot. 82: 79–105 (2007) A Taxonomic Study of Asarum sect. Asiasarum (Aristolochiaceae) in Japan Hiroki YAMAJIa, d, Teruko NAKAMURAb, Jun YOKOYAMAc, Kenji KONDOd, Takashi MOROTAd, Shuichi TAKEDAd, Hiroshi SASAKId and Masayuki MAKIc aBiological Institute, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578 JAPAN; bFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, 278-8510 JAPAN; cDivision of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578 JAPAN; dResearch Division, Tsumura & Co., 3586, Yoshiwara, Ami, Ibaraki, 300-1192 JAPAN (Received on June 2, 2006) Three species and one variety of Asarum sect. Asiasarum have hitherto been known in Japan. They are reclassified into seven species including three new species: A. maruyamae, A. tohokuense, and A. mikuniense. Most of the taxonomic studies on the sec- tion gave weight to the characters of leaves, calyx lobes, and the number of stamens and pistils. However, this study is base on the following characters to distinguish the species: color pattern in the adaxial surface of calyx tube, the shape of calyx tubes, the width of calyx tube throat, the shape of calyx lobe, and the number and height of ridges on inner surface of calyx tubes. The distribution range of the seven species are geographically segregated. Asarum sieboldii is distributed in central and western Honshu, as well as Korea and central to southern China; A. misandrum in Kyushu, the Aso Mountains as well as southern Korea; A. heterotropoides var. heterotropoides in northern Honshu, Hokkaido, southern Sakhalin and Kuriles; A. tohokuense in central and northern Honshu; A. -
An Encyclopedia of Shade Perennials This Page Intentionally Left Blank an Encyclopedia of Shade Perennials
An Encyclopedia of Shade Perennials This page intentionally left blank An Encyclopedia of Shade Perennials W. George Schmid Timber Press Portland • Cambridge All photographs are by the author unless otherwise noted. Copyright © 2002 by W. George Schmid. All rights reserved. Published in 2002 by Timber Press, Inc. Timber Press The Haseltine Building 2 Station Road 133 S.W. Second Avenue, Suite 450 Swavesey Portland, Oregon 97204, U.S.A. Cambridge CB4 5QJ, U.K. ISBN 0-88192-549-7 Printed in Hong Kong Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Schmid, Wolfram George. An encyclopedia of shade perennials / W. George Schmid. p. cm. ISBN 0-88192-549-7 1. Perennials—Encyclopedias. 2. Shade-tolerant plants—Encyclopedias. I. Title. SB434 .S297 2002 635.9′32′03—dc21 2002020456 I dedicate this book to the greatest treasure in my life, my family: Hildegarde, my wife, friend, and supporter for over half a century, and my children, Michael, Henry, Hildegarde, Wilhelmina, and Siegfried, who with their mates have given us ten grandchildren whose eyes not only see but also appreciate nature’s riches. Their combined love and encouragement made this book possible. This page intentionally left blank Contents Foreword by Allan M. Armitage 9 Acknowledgments 10 Part 1. The Shady Garden 11 1. A Personal Outlook 13 2. Fated Shade 17 3. Practical Thoughts 27 4. Plants Assigned 45 Part 2. Perennials for the Shady Garden A–Z 55 Plant Sources 339 U.S. Department of Agriculture Hardiness Zone Map 342 Index of Plant Names 343 Color photographs follow page 176 7 This page intentionally left blank Foreword As I read George Schmid’s book, I am reminded that all gardeners are kindred in spirit and that— regardless of their roots or knowledge—the gardening they do and the gardens they create are always personal. -
Post-Triassic Spermatophyta Timetree Adding the Quaternary Radiated Asarum Wild Gingers
Post-Triassic Spermatophyta Timetree Adding the Quaternary Radiated Asarum Wild Gingers Soichi Osozawa ( [email protected] ) KawaOso Molecular Bio-Geology Institute https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5554-1320 Cunio Nackejima Japanese Society of Plant Systematics John Wakabayashi California State University, Fresno Research article Keywords: BEAST v.1.X, combined gene analysis, fossil and geological event calibrations, APG system, increased base substitution rate toward the Recent, Cretaceous peak, radiation, C4 plants, Quaternary glacier- inter glacier cycle Posted Date: November 3rd, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-99466/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/24 Abstract Background Angiospermae radiation was known as the mid-Cretaceous event, but adaptive radiation of Asarum is also expected in the Quaternary. In order to know such the Angiospermae evolutionary history through the time, we constructed a whole Spermatophyta timetree employing BEAST v1. X associated with robust fossil calibration function. Results We successfully and precisely dated the Spermatophyta phylogeny, and the Angiospermae topology was concordant to the APG system. Using another function of BEAST, we discovered the exponential increase in base substitution rate in recent geologic time, and another rise of rate at the mid-Cretaceous time. These increasing events correspond to the Quaternary and mid-Cretaceous Angiospermae radiations. Conclusions A probable cause of the recently increasing rate and the consequent radiation was ultimately generation of C4 grasses, reduction of atomospheric CO2, and the start of the Quaternary glacial period. Mid- Cretaceous event was explained by co-radiation with insect beetles as the food plant. -
Spermatophyta Timetree, Accelerated Base Substitution Rates at Mid
Spermatophyta timetree, accelerated base substitution rates at mid-Cretaceous and the Recent Soichi Osozawa1, Cunio Nackejima2, and john Wakabayashi3 1KawaOso Molecular Bio-Geology Institute 2Japanese Society for Plant Systematics 3California State University, Fresno September 11, 2020 Abstract We constructed a whole of Spermatophyta timetree by employing BEAST v1. X applying the nuclear ribosomal ITS, and chloroplastic matK and rbcL. Robust multipoint calibrations were done by applying fossil ages up to the Jurassic for 20 genera and a Quaternary geological event age of 1.55 Ma for 6 genera. The resultant topology was concordant to the APG system, and we successfully and precisely dated the phylogeny. Through the BEAST analyses, we discovered the exponential increase in base substitution rate in recent geologic time, and suggested that a potential cause was generation of C4 plants and the triggered Quaternary climatic change. The raised rate might have resulted in the increasing of Spermatophyta diversity including endemic Asarum and Viola species. Another rise of base substitution rate was found around 120 Ma, reflecting the order level radiation and diversification of Angiospermae at the middle Cretaceous time. Introduction A goal of botany may be the correlation of botanical evolutionary events with the timeline of Earth history (Wilf & Escapa, 2015). We prepared a Bayesian inference (BI) tree constructed using the latest and the most advanced version of BEAST (v1. X; Suchard et al ., 2018), because a credible timetree of Spermatophyta have not been constructed to date probably by employing the old version and by the unpractical use of functions (Smith et al ., 2010; Beulieu et al ., 2015).