Aristolochiaceae – Birthwort Family

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ARISTOLOCHIACEAE – BIRTHWORT FAMILY Plant: herbs (perennial) or woody vines, sometimes shrubs, may be aromatic Stem: Root: Leaves: alternate, simple or basal; Large and heart-shaped without teeth, sometimes 3-lobed Flowers: perfect, irregular (zygomorphic); 3 sepals that are reddish-brown, purple or brown that form triangular flowers, or sometimes ‘S’-shaped or pipe- like; no petals; (5)6 or 12 stamens; ovary superior or inferior, 1 pistil, 4-6 carpels, 1 style, 3-6 stigmas; sometimes carrion-scented Fruit: capsules, 4-6 chambered, with seeds Other: wild ginger most common in this area, family most common in the tropics; Dicotyledons Group Genera: 5 genera; locally Hexastylis, Aristolochia, Asarum (wild ginger) WARNING – family descriptions are only a layman’s guide and should not be used as definitive Flower Morphology in the Aristolochiaceae (Birthwort) Family) Examples of common genera Flower pipe-like, climbing stem (woody) Flowers and stem from rhizome, flower regular [Canadian] Wild Ginger Asarum canadense L. Woolly [Pipe-Vine] Dutchman's Pipe Aristolochia tomentosa Sims ARISTOLOCHIACEAE – BIRTHWORT FAMILY Woolly [Pipe-Vine] Dutchman's Pipe; Aristolochia tomentosa Sims [Canadian] Wild Ginger; Asarum canadense L. Woolly [Pipe-Vine] Dutchman's Pipe USDA Aristolochia tomentosa Sims Aristolochiaceae (Birthwort Family) Alley Springs, Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Shannon County, Missouri Notes: vine, woody at base; calyx (no petals) flower, ‘S’-shaped (like curved pipe), pale greenish yellow, hairy, purple inside; leaves entire, cordate; both stem and leaves downy hairy; fruit a 6- ribbed capsule; late spring to summer [V Max Brown, 2006] [Canadian] Wild Ginger USDA Asarum canadense L. Aristolochiaceae (Birthwort Family) Maumee River Metroparks, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: calyx flower (no petals), 3-lobed, reddish to purple-brown inside, solitary; 2 leaves, heart-shaped with cordate base, long petioles from rhizomes; no stems; root tastes and smells like ginger; spring to summer [V Max Brown, 2004].

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