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Flora of Usina São José, Igarassu, Pernambuco (Brazil): Lythraceae J

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Flora of Usina São José, Igarassu, Pernambuco (Brazil): Lythraceae J Acta Brasiliensis 4(2): 77-84, 2020 Artigo Original http://revistas.ufcg.edu.br/ActaBra http://dx.doi.org/10.22571/2526-4338319 Flora of Usina São José, Igarassu, Pernambuco (Brazil): Lythraceae J. St.-Hil. and Onagraceae Juss. Tainá Lacerda Gomes Limaa* i , Amanda Macêdo Rochab i , Maria Teresa Burila i a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, 52171-900, Brasil. [email protected] b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Vegetal, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Paulo Afonso, Bahia, 48608-240, Brasil. Received: January 10, 2020 / Accepted: March 23, 2020 / Published online: May 25, 2020 Abstract Lythraceae comprises about 30 genera and 600 species widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, while Onagraceae comprises 22 genera and about 660 species distributed in temperate and subtropical areas, predominantly in Americas. The aim of this work was to realize the taxonomic study of Lythraceae and Onagraceae species from Usina São José, Igarassu, Pernambuco (Brazil), an Atlantic forest remnant. Fieldworks and visits to herbaria HST, HUEFS, IPA, JPB, PEUFR and UFP were conducted between 2018 and 2019. Three Lythraceae species were recognized: Cuphea carthagenensis (Jacq.) J.F. Macbr., C. flava Spreg. and Rotala ramosior (L.) Koehne, and three Onagraceae species: Ludwigia erecta (L.) H. Hara, L. hyssopifolia (G. Don) Exell and L. octovalvis (Jacq.) P.H. Raven. Rotala ramosior is a new record for Brazil. Morphological descriptions, an identification key, phenological period, geographic distribution, taxonomic notes, photographs and illustrations of diagnostic characters are presented herein. The relevant morphological characters for species identification are phyllotaxy, indumentum of stems, shape and indumentum of leaves, petals color and apex, capsule shape, seeds arrangement and raphe size. Keywords: Atlantic Forest, diversity, flora do brasil, myrtales, taxonomy. Flora da Usina São José, Igarassu, Pernambuco (Brasil): Lythraceae J. St.-Hil. e Onagraceae Juss. Resumo Lythraceae apresenta cerca de 30 gêneros e 600 espécies amplamente distribuídas nas regiões tropicais e subtropicais, enquanto Onagraceae compreende 22 gêneros e cerca de 660 espécies distribuídas nas regiões temperadas e subtropicais, predominantemente nas Américas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar o estudo taxonômico das espécies de Lythraceae e Onagraceae ocorrentes na Usina São José, Igarassu, Pernambuco (Brasil), um remanescente de Mata Atlântica. Para isso, foram realizadas expedições de campo e visitas aos herbários HST, HUEFS, IPA, JPB, PEUFR e UFP entre 2018 e 2019. Foram reconhecidas três espécies de Lythraceae: Cuphea carthagenensis (Jacq.) J.F. Macbr., C. flava Spreg. e Rotala ramosior (L.) Koehne, e três espécies de Onagraceae: Ludwigia erecta (L.) H. Hara, L. hyssopifolia (G. Don) Exell e L. octovalvis (Jacq.) P.H. Raven. Rotala ramosior é um novo registro para a flora do Brasil. Descrições morfológicas, uma chave de identificação, período fenológico, distribuição geográfica, notas taxonômicas, pranchas de fotografias e ilustrações dos caracteres diagnósticos são apresentadas. Os caracteres morfológicos relevantes para a identificação das espécies são filotaxia, indumento dos ramos, forma e indumento das folhas e cor e ápice das pétalas, forma da cápsula, arranjo das sementes e tamanho da rafe. Palavras-chave: Mata atlântica, diversidade, flora do brasil, myrtales, taxonomia. Introduction regions, with few records of herbaceous species occurring in Myrtales is comprised in Malvidae clade with nine families, temperate regions (Cavalcanti, 2007). The family comprises including Lythraceae J. St.-Hil. and Onagraceae Juss. that about 30 genera and 600 species (Graham & Graham, 2014). constitute one of the largest clades within the order (Stevens, In Brazil, 11 genera and 216 species are recognized, 2001 onwards; Graham, 2007). Both families present leaves predominantly distributed in Cerrado and Atlantic Forest simple, margin entire and frequently opposite, flowers areas, where 160 species are endemic. Cuphea P. Browne is generally hermaphrodite and actinomorphic (Judd, Campbell, the most representative genus with 108 species, where 70 are Kellog, Stevens & Donoghue, 2009). endemic. According to Flora do Brasil (2020, under construction), seven genera and 57 species can be found in Lythraceae is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical 77 Lima, et al. – Flora of USJ: Lythraceae and Onagraceae the Northeast region. Itaquitinga, Itapissuma, Abreu e Lima and Araçoiaba, with it They occur in several different environments and greater territorial extension located in Igarassu, among the phytogeographical domains, including swamps, dunes, humid coordinates 7º40’21,25’’–7º55’50,92’’S, 34º54’14,25’’– tropical forests but more frequently in Cerrado, arid and rocky 35º05’21,08’’W, about 30 km from Recife, Pernambuco. 2 fields. Are represented by trees, shrubs, or rarely herbs, with USJ occupies a total area of 280 km of Atlantic Forest simple leaves, commonly decussed, margins entire; domain and presents about 110 forestry fragments which inflorescence a raceme or a cyme; flowers bisexual, diclamide, vary from 20 to 400 ha, surrounded by sugar cane plantations rarely monoclamide, actinomorphic, rare zygomorphic, floral (Trindade et al. 2008), which five are represented in this tube persistent, petals 4–16, dialipetals, curly; fruit capsule study, Chave fragment, Mata dos Macacos, Mata de Piedade, (Cavalcanti & Graham, 2002). A family representative Mata de Santa Helena and Mata da Zambana, the largest popularly known as pomegranate, Punica granatum L., is used ones. as food and medicinal. Onagraceae comprises about 660 species and 22 genera Material collect distributed in temperate and subtropical areas, predominantly Fieldworks were conducted in the study area between in Americas (Wagner, Hoch & Raven, 2007). In Brazil, the July 2018 and July 2019, however, we did not find any family is recorded with 62 species and four genera, occurring Lythraceae and Onagraceae individuals. The selected areas mainly in Atlantic Forest areas, where 18 species are endemic. for the fieldworks included the areas considered priority Ludwigia L. is the most representative genus with 45 species according to their extension. Six herbaria were visited: HST, known, being 10 endemic. According to Flora do Brasil (2020, HUEFS, IPA, JPB, PEUFR and UFP (herbarium acronyms under construction), two genera and 18 species can be found in follow Thiers, continuously updated), totalizing 24 analyzed the Northeast region. specimens of Lythraceae and eight of Onagraceae. Onagraceae representatives can be found mostly in swamp areas, but also associated to high altitudes and coastal regions Morphological analysis (Micheli, 1872). They can be herbs or trees, easily recognized We identified the species based on comparisons to by the petals 4 (occasionally 5-7 or 2), often with floral tube, species previously identified by specialist, to typus materials ovary inferior, stamens usually the double of the petals number and specialized bibliography (Lythraceae: Graham, 1975; and positioned in two series, epipetals shorter than episepals Cavalcanti & Graham, 2002; Graham, 2017; Flora do Brasil and pollen connected by viscin (Munz, 1947; Raven, 1963). 2020, under construction; Onagraceae: Micheli; 1872; The family is widely used as ornamental, because of the Munz, 1947; Raven, 1963; Zardini & Raven, 1997; Goldblatt beautiful flowers, especially the species of Clarkia L., Fuchsia & Raven, 1997; Grillo & Giulietti, 1998, 2004; Wagner et L. and Oenothera L. (Judd et al., 2009). al., 2007). We also consulted the online collections from In Brazil, the taxonomic treatments focusing Lythraceae Virtual Herbarium REFLORA (Brazil), Missouri Botanical are most significant in the Midwest and Southeast regions Garden (MO) and The New York Botanical Garden (NY). (Cavalcanti, 1990; Cavalcanti & Graham, 2002; Cavalcanti, Morphological terminology for vegetative and reproductive 2004), while Onagraceae ones were made from South and structures followed mostly Gonçalves & Lorenzi (2011), but Southeast regions (Duarte & Esteves, 2001; Grillo & Giulietti, seeds shape follows Harris & Harris (2001) for Lythraceae, 2004; Pesamosca, 2015). and for Onagraceae followed mostly Harris & Harris (2001), In the Atlantic Forest of Pernambuco, the families were but stigma shape follows Radford, Dickison, Massey & Bell recorded in floristic inventories with one species (Zickel et al., (1974) and leaves shape follows Rizzini (1977). An 2007; Almeida Jr., Pimentel & Zickel, 2008; Almeida Jr., identification key, phenological state information, Olivo, Araújo & Zickel, 2009; Melo, Amorim, Pessoa, Maciel geographic distribution, taxonomic notes, photographs and & Alves, 2016). In addition to the work by Melo et al. (2011) illustrations are provided. that recognized four Lythraceae and none Onagraceae species in the Usina São José. Results and Discussion The Usina São José is located in Atlantic Forest domain and In Usina São José we identified two genera, Cuphea and presents forestry fragments that suffer anthropic actions due to Rotala, and three species of Lythraceae and one genus, the cane plantations that surround them, resulting in Ludwigia, and three species of Onagraceae. Rotala ramosior implications for conservation (Trindade, Lins-e-Silva, Silva, (L.) Koehne is a new record for Brazil (Flora do Brasil 2020, Figueira & Schessl, 2008).
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