Department of Education SPTVE TECHNICAL DRAWING 7 Module 1:Quarter 1
DR. ARMANDO N. ROMERO Validator
Schools Division Office – Muntinlupa City Student for Life Skills Bldg., Centennial Ave., Brgy. Tunasan, Muntinlupa City (02) 8805-9935 / (02) 8805-9940 1
DISCLAIMER
Most of the content of this module is lifted from CBLM in Technical Drawing 7, copyright, Department of Education 2008. Graphics were added to enhance students’ understanding of concepts. Likewise relevant activities were added to make the module appropriate for distance modular learning. The activities were prepared by Natalie Mayo, Ailyn Dy and James Gabriel Evasco. Barrowed photos included in this module are owned by their respective copyright owners. The publisher does not claim ownership over them.
Program/Course: TECHNICAL DRAWING I Unit of Competency: PREPARE FREEHAND DRAWING Module Title : Preparing Freehand Drawing
INTRODUCTION
People around the world speak with different languages but they come up with common understanding on drawing. That’s why drawing is called a universal language. This material is intended as a self – learning module. It covers topics on freehand drawing with emphasis on performing different lettering styles and techniques and preparing different drawing tools and materials. Equipped with these concepts, the student can then competently transmit the ideas through a drawing.
SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES Upon the completion of this module, you will be able to:
LO 1 Perform different lettering styles and techniques.
LO 2 Sketch simple objects.
LO 2 Preparing drawing tools and materials.
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Program/Course: TECHNICAL DRAWING I Unit of Competency: PREPARE FREEHAND DRAWING Module Title : Preparing Freehand Drawing Learning Outcome 1 :Perform different lettering styles and techniques
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA 1. Importance of lettering is properly explained 2. Each style of letter is performed on commercial standards. 3. Care and maintenance of lettering instruments are properly observed and practiced. 4. Appropriate lettering instruments are correctly used.
Let’s have an assessment on how much do you know about technical drawing specifically letterings and drawing tools and materials.
PRE-TEST I. Match column A with column B by writing your answer on the blank before the number. Choose your answers from the group with the same color background. COLUMN A COLUMN B
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II. Directions: There are twelve (12) different drafting tools, equipment and materials that can be found in the puzzle. Identify at least ten (10) of them.
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INFORMATION SHEET NO. 1,1
Skill in lettering is a basic requirement for a student in drawing. He must be exposed to the lettering activities to orient him on the quality standard in printing letters. Lettering is used as a form of communication. As applied in drawing, it adds beauty if it is well-printed. Likewise, it can destroy the appearance of the drawing once it is not done well.
The Four Group of Letters
1. Gothic Letters. They are the most simple and readable among the four groups of letters. It has a uniform stem. It should be applied only for poster an advertisement purposes. Two forms of gothic letters: a. Commercial Gothic. It is printed with heavy stem. It is used for advertisement purposes only. b. Single Stroke. It is printed with thin stem. It is used for engineering drawing purposes.
2. Roman Letters. The thickness of these letters is not uniform. they have pointed stem which is called “serif”. They must be used for books, magazine, newspapers, and text matters.
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The Three Classics of Roman Letters:
a. Old Roman Letters. They are printed by means of layout form using the flexible lettering pen. The thickness of the thin stem must be ½ from the thickness of the heavy stem
b. Modern Roman Letters. They are printed in single stroke using the speedball pen.
c. Modified Roman. Similar to Modern Roman, they are printed in single stroke using the speedball pen. However, this style must be printed in the absence of serif.
3. Spanish Script. It is considered as artistic letters. It is purposely used for certificates, diplomas, citations, greetings and invitation cards.
4. Text or Old English. This style is the most artistic among the four groups of letter. Similar to Spanish script, it is also used for certificates, diplomas, citations, greetings and invitation cards.
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The Rule of Stability of letters This refers to the standard rules to be considered in printing the letters particularly on the following:
1. Upper Case letters. They are letters which are printed in capital form. Three guidelines are cap line, waist line, and base line.
Example:
2. Lower Case Letters. These are the letters which are printed in small letters printed with the use of four guidelines such as cap line, waist line, base line, and dropped line.
Example:
The General Proportion of Letters
1. Compressed or Condensed. This particular proportion should be applied only when the space is limited. The letters are printed with closer distance and its width is narrower than the normal size. Example:
2. Extended. This proportion is applied when there is a more space. The width of the letter is wider than the height. Example:
3. Normal. This proportion is applied when there is normal space. The letter is printed in the normal size. Example:
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The Two Proportion of Thickness 1. Boldface. This refers to the letters which are printed with heavy stem. Example:
2. Lightface. This refers to the letters which are printed with thin stem. Example:
Order of Strokes in Lettering
The first letters that should be studied are I, L, T, F, E, H. These letters are the easiest to draw because the basic strokes are vertical and horizontal. You should practice making these letters according to the models. The next group P, R, B, U and J requires close study because of the introduction of the curved line aside from the three already given. The last group of letters is C, G, O, Q, D and S which are based on the circle. The M and W must be printed wider than the other letters. It is suggested therefore that its width should be greater than the other letters by 25 percent. The letter I is the thinnest letter.
Making Numerals
All mechanical drawings involve the use of numerals, hence, they should be studied closely. Notice that in the figures below are all 6 units and 5 units wide except 1. All figures are composed of the essential strokes found in the letters which are straight and curved. See Figures 1.1 and 1.2
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Figure 1.1 Single Stroke Vertical Upper Case Letters and Numer
Figure 1.2 Single stroke Inclined Upper Case Letters and Numerals
In figure 1.2, Single stroke inclined upper case letters and numerals are inclined at 75°
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SELF- CHECK 1.1
LO1. Perform different letter styles and techniques
I .Multiple Choice. On the space provided before each item, write the letter of the word or group of words that will make the statement complete and correct.
1. Which of the styles of letter is applicable for engineering drawing?
a. Single stroke gothic letters b. Commercial gothic letters
c. Modified roman letters d. Modern roman letters
2. This proportion of letters is only used when the space is enough.
a. compressed b. extended
c. normal d. lightface
3. Among the letters below, identify which of them has widest width?
a. N and O b. M and W
c. C and X d. H and L
4. Which of the statements below clearly define the meaning of rule of stability?
a. This refers to the standard rules to be considered in printing the letters
b. This refers to the styles and methods of printing the letters.
c. This refers to the three forms of proportion of letters.
d. It is a standard guideline to be observed in using the different lettering tools.
5. Which of the proportion of letters below is applicable for limited space?
a. compressed proportion b. extended proportion
c. normal proportion d. boldface proportion
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Name: Date: Grade 7 Section TD 7 Teacher :
ACTIVITY 1 Let us practice lettering the Gothic style of letter. Just copy the letters on the line provided using a pencil.
1. A a 2. B b
3. C c 4. D d
5. E e 6. F f
7. G g 8. H h
9. I i 10. J j
11. K k 12. L l
13. M m 14. N n
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15. O o 16. P p
17. Q q 18. R r
19. S s 20. T t
21. U u 22. V v
23 W w 24. X x
25. Y y 26. Z z
Name: Date: Grade 7 Section TD 7 Teacher : ACTIVITY 2
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Let us practice lettering the Roman style of letter. Just copy the letters on the line provided using a pencil.
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Name: Date: Grade 7 Section TD 7 Teacher :
ACTIVITY 3 Let us practice lettering the Old English (Text) style of letter. Just copy the letters on the line provided using a pencil.
1. A a 2. B b
3. C c 4. D d
5 E e 6. F f
7. g 8. H h
9. I i 10. J j
11. K k 12. L l
13. M m 14. n
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15. O o 16. P p
17. Q q 18. R r
19. S s 20. T t
21. U u 22. V v
23. w 24. X x
25. Y y 26. Z z
Name: Date: Grade 7 Section TD 7 Teacher :
ACTIVITY 4 Let us practice all the lettering styles. Draw your full name on the line provided using the stated lettering style 1. Gothic
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2. Roman
3. Text or Old English
PERFORMANCE TASK 1.1
Directions: Letter the words below in a ½ sheet of short size coupon bond. Criteria for rating: 1. Guidelines are drawn thin and light ------2 points 2. Letters are drawn exactly, touching but not outside the guidelines ---- 2 points 3. Correct shape and proportion of letters are applied ------2 points 4. Letters are drawn clear and single stroke ------2 points 5. Over all output is neat and clean ------2 points
This will help you how to measure 2cm and 1cm : 17
Submit your output by taking pictures while doing it, then attached the picture into your output with your name, grade level and section.
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Program/Course: TECHNICAL DRAWING I Unit of Competency: PREPARE FREEHAND DRAWING Module Title : Preparing Freehand Drawing Learning Outcome 2. Sketch simple objects OBJECTIVES
1, identify different shapes that can be used in sketching simple objects.
2. Follow the procedure in making freehand drawing
3. Apply the principles of sketching simple objects.
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
1. Principle of sketching objects is properly discussed. 2. 2. Different shapes of objects are correctly identified. 3. 3. All principles of proportion in sketching simple objects based on commercial standards are explained. 4. 4. Procedure in sketching is correctly followed.
Program/Course: TECHNICAL DRAWING I Unit of Competency: PREPARE FREEHAND DRAWING Module Title : Preparing Freehand Drawing Learning Outcome 2. Sketch simple objects
INTRODUCTION
Sketching is a basic skill to be learned by the student before he will be exposed to higher level of drawing activities. Sketching is a preliminary layout or draft before making it into final drawing. This can be done in a light line forms with the use of sketching tools and materials.
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INFORMATION SHEET 2.1
Principles of Sketching Objects
Before doing sketching activities, it is important to know the basic principles in sketching. The following are: ▪ Analyze the proportions of the subject. ▪ Mentally picture out the basic shape of subject. ▪ Determine the small details on the subject. ▪ Establish height and width of the subject to be sketched. ▪ Use the appropriate sketching materials.
The Two Basic Proportions of Object
▪ Height. It is the distance elevation from bottom to top. Height must be proportioned to the width of the subject.
▪ Width. It is the distance from front to rear. Likewise, it should be proportioned to the height of the subject.
Basic Shapes of Objects
1. Rectangle - has its opposite sides equal and all its angles are right angles.
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2. Square - has four equal sides and angles
3. Hexagon – is a polygon having six equal sides
4. Rhombus- is a quadrilateral with four equal sides and angles which may not be right angles but are also equal.
5. Isosceles Triangle- is a triangle whose two sides and two angles are equal.
6. Equilateral Triangle- is a triangle with all sides and angles are
7. Circle. A figure which has an angle of 360 degrees.
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9. Oblong. An elliptical figure which shapes originates from the circle.
Importance of Shading in freehand drawing and sketches
Shading is the process of making the visible surfaces of an object. It is applied in a variety of tones or values. The following are the tones or values of shading:
1. Light Values. This represents the surface which receives the greatest amount of light. 2. The Medium Values. This represents the surface which receives less amount of light. 3. Dark Values. This represents the surface very little amount of light.
In shading application, the source of light is assumed to be coming from the upper left-hand corner of the drawing paper and rays of light are imagined to be inclining at an angle of 45 degrees.
Techniques in Shading Application
1. Apply the lightest shading on the part of a surface which receives more light. 2. Shade the portion of a surface which receives less light with medium values. 3. Shade the portion of a surface which receives little amount of light with a heavy shade.
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Methods of shading application
1. Line shading. A technique of showing the various shades of an object by using lines.
2. Stippling. It is applied by dabbing the pencil point or pen to produce dots on the surface of the object.
3. Mixed shading. It is called mixed because it applies both the line and dotted shading. However, the lines and dotted shading must not be applied to the same surface of the object.
4. Continuous Tone Shading or Smudge Shading. This is applied by using the powdered graphite or lead of a pencil.
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OPERATION SHEET 3.2
Freehand drawing is executed without the use of mechanical drawing instruments. It is purely done by means of sketching.
Procedure in making freehand drawing:
1. Prepare the model/object.
2. Imagine the basic shape from which the model originates and sketch on the appropriate drawing paper.
3. Analyze the proportion and sketch the temporary line ( width).
4. Complete the freehand drawing activity.
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5. Darken the final edges and erase the sketching lines.
6. Apply line shading.
SELF CHECK 2.1
LO2. Sketch simple object
Directions : A Identify the terms referred in the following.
1. The most important role in freehand sketching. 2. A polygon with six equal sides. 3. A quadrilateral with four equal sides and four equal right angles. 4. A quadrilateral which opposite sides are equal and whose angles are also right angles. 25
5. A quadrilateral with two opposite side parallel. 6. A triangle where all sides and angles are equal. _7. A quadrilateral with pairs of sides are equal.
B. Enumerate what are being asked. 8-10 Give at least three basic shapes of an object.
PERFORMANCE TASK 2.1
DIRECTIONS: Sketch the given model below and apply continuous tone shading.
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Program / Course : TECHNICAL DRAWING 1
Unit of Competency: PREPARE FREEHAND DRAWING
Module Title: Preparing Freehand Drawing
Learning Outcome 3 : Preparing different tools, materials and equipment
OBJECTIVES:
1. Identify appropriate tools and equipment according to its function.
2. Use drafting tools, equipment and materials correctly.
3. Apply different forms of lines in drafting.
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
1. Drawing tools, equipment and materials with its functions are properly discussed. 2. Proper care and manipulation of drawing tools, materials and equipment are being observed and practiced. 3. Techniques on line exercises are demonstrated according to standard procedure. Program / Course : TECHNICAL DRAWING 1
Unit of Competency: PREPARE FREEHAND DRAWING
Module Title: Preparing Freehand Drawing
Learning Outcome 3 : Preparing different tools, materials and equipment
INTRODUCTION
In any kind of work, certain tools and equipment are needed to help you work easily and fast. In this module, you will know the drafting tools, equipment and 27 materials, how these can help you in the field of drawing.
Drafting is a subject that develops both your manipulative and intellectual abilities. Manipulative because you will be trained how to hone your skills in handling the tools, equipment and materials in drawing. Intellectual, because the subject will develop your creativity in interpreting the illustrations that you will be drawn.
INFORMATION SHEET NO. 3.1
DRAWING TOOLS, EQUIPMENT, AND MATERIALS
1. DRAWING PAPER
* manufactured in four colors, namely: white, cream, light, green, and buff. It comes in different sizes of various sheet thickness.
2. RULER
* is used for marking out distances as well as for measuring purposes.
3. PENCIL
* is manufactured in various grades of hardness ranging from 7H which is very soft up to 9H. The lead of a pencil is a mixture of graphite, clay, and wax.The clay makes the lead hard. The harder the pencil is, the lighter is the line produced.
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4. DRAWING TABLE
* may refer to any ordinary table found in a school shop or in the home with convenient height that will make you comfortable while working. Its main purpose is to provide you a place where you can fasten your paper.
* is necessary if no drawing bench is available. The common size of the drawing board is 45.71 cm X 61 cm.
6. T-SQUARE
* is an instrument used for drawing horizontal lines. It also supports the triangle for vertical or sloping line drawing.
7. TRIANGLE
* is used to draw both vertical and oblique lines. It is the 45 degree triangle and the
30-60 degree triangle. 45 X 45
30 X 60 8. DRAWING TAPE / MASKING TAPE
* is used before any drawing activity is to be started. The drawing paper has to be
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9. ERASER
* has two kinds: the red rubber and the yellow art gum. Of the two kinds of eraser the yellow art gum is better to use for it to correct errors easily and remove unwanted lines.
10. PROTRACTOR
* is used to layout angles. It is made of transparent plastic and half circle shape. It has two scales: the outside scale which is from zero to 180 degrees going to the left and, the inside scale which is the opposite
11. COMPASS
* is an instrument for drawing arcs and circles. The common kinds of compass are the pencil compass and the drawing compass. The pencil compass has an opening for the pencil while the drawing compass has a piece of lead fitted into its leg.
12. FRENCH CURVE
* is an instrument for drawing irregular curves other than arcs and circles.
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13. DIVIDER
* is used for dividing lines or distances into equal parts.
14. TRIANGULAR SCALE
* is used for measuring and for scaling purposes.
PROPER CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF DRAWING TOOLS AND INSTRUMENTS
1. Keep your instruments and equipment clean.
2. Wipe the pencil point with a piece of cotton and not your finger.
3. Keep your drawing tools and instruments in a proper place before and after using
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SELF-CHECK NO. 3.1
Multiple Choice. Instructions: Read each statement carefully and select the letter of the correct or best answer. Write your answers on your answer sheet.
1. The tool used for drawing irregular curves.
a. Compass b.Protractor c.French curve d.Divider
2. It is used for measuring and for scaling purposes.
a.Triangle b.T-square c.Triangular scale d.Protractor
3. The tool used to measure angles.
a.Triangle b.T-square c.Protractor d.Ruler
4. Which of the following is a good practice to make drawings neat and clean.
a. Eat while drawing.
b. Sharpen pencils on top of drawing paper.
c. Wipe dust or particles with hands.
d. Keep drawing instruments and equipment clean.
5. To keep working area clean and safe, one must;
a. keep drawing tools and instruments in proper places before and after using.
b. place all drawing instruments on top of the drawing board.
c. leave drawing instruments and scratch papers on the floor.
d. throw pencil to classmates when he/she is borrowing it.
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Activity No. 1: Name the following drawing tools and equipment used in drafting. Use a separate sheet of paper for your answers.
Name: Date:
Grade 7 Section TD 7 Teacher :
ACTIVITY 2
Just for fun!!
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Find all the listed word below
1. MARKER 8. ETCHING 16. DOODLING
2.MECHANICAL 9. ARTISTIC 17. PENCIL
3. PASTEL 10. STYLUS 18. DIMENSION
4. MOOD 11. BERET 19. SKETCH
CALLIGRAPHY 12. SUBTLE 20. LINES
6. PAPER 13. INK 21. PLANE
7. BOLD 14. TEXTURE
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PERFORMANCE TASK NO. 3.1
Choose the most appropriate tool for the drawing work described below. Select your answer from the given drawing tools. Write the letter only before the number.
F
1. The best tool for drawing vertical and diagonal lines.
2. The tool used to measure angles.
3. An instrument used to divide distances or transfer measurement into a number or equal parts.
4. An instrument used for drawing arcs and circles.
5. Used for marking out distances as well as for measuring purposes.
6. The correct material used to fasten drawing paper on the drawing board.
7. A tool used for drawing horizontal lines.
8. This is where drawing paper is laid and fastened when drawing.
9. Used to correct errors easily and remove unwanted lines.
10. Used for drawing irregular curves.
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INFORMATION SHEET NO. 3.2
Basic consideration in freehand sketches
It is necessary to expose the learner in the different line exercises as basic activities in freehand sketches. The following are the forms of lines:
1. Horizontal line. It is a line parallel to the horizon or a line that forms 180 deg. It is drawn from left to right.
2. Vertical line. Is a line that can be obtained by suspending plumb and this line forms 90 degrees from the horizontal line. It is drawn from top to bottom.
3. Inclined line. It is neither horizontal nor vertical line.
4. Curve line. A line produced by a circular movement.
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SELF-CHECK NO. 3.2
Multiple Choice.
Instructions: Read each statement carefully and select the letter of the correct or best answer. Write your answers on your answer sheet.
1. Which of the following forms of lines drawn from left to right?
a.horizontal line b.vertical line c.inclined line d.curve line
2. Which of the following forms of lines drawn from top to bottom?
a.horizontal line b.vertical line c.inclined line d.curve line
3. A line produced by a circular movement.
a.horizontal line b.vertical line c.inclined line d.curve line
4. Which of the following is a vertical line?
a. b. c. d.
5. Which of the following is a horizontal line
a. b. c. d.
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ACTIVITY 3: Perform Freehand Sketches
Skill in line exercises is a basic requirement prior to exposing the learner to higher drawing activities considering that all forms of drawing emanates from a line, it might be horizontal, vertical, inclined, and curve lines.
Procedures in sketching horizontal, vertical, inclined, and curve lines
1. Sketch a rectangle at 120 mm x 160 mm.
2. Divide the rectangle into four equal parts.
3. Sketch horizontal lines on the first part of the rectangle, start at the left going to the right. (Each line must have 5mm gap distance).
4. Sketch vertical lines on the second part of the rectangle. Start at the top down to the bottom. (Each line must have 5mm gap distance).
5. Sketch inclined lines on the third part of the rectangle with a downward stroke. (Each line must have 5mm gap distance).
6. Sketch curve lines from left to right. (Each line must have 5mm gap distance).
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POST TEST
Name: Date:
Grade 7 Section TD 7 Teacher :
Test I. Multiple Choice.
Instructions: Read each statement carefully and select the letter of the correct or best answer. Write your answers on your answer sheet.
1. The art of printing letters is called . a. drawing b. etching c. lettering d. painting
2.Drawing is considered a language. a. global b. local c. national d. universal
3.The four letter styles are Roman, Gothic, Text and . a. Arial b. Bodoni c. Calibre d. Script
4. Which of the following letter styles is the Old English Text?
5. What letter style has pointed stem called Serif?
6. In greeting cards, the commonly used letter style is . a. Gothic b. Roman c. Script d. Text
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9. Rulers or straight edges are not used when drawing the letters because lettering is a /an drawing. a. freehand b. freestyle c. mechanical d. artistic
10. To give emphasis to letters, guidelines must be drawn thin and . a. dark b. light c. fuzzy d. broken
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TECHNICAL DRAWING 1 MODULE 1
ANSWER KEYS
PRE-TEST
I. 1. C SELF-CHECK NO. 1.1 DIFFERENT LETTERING STYLES 2. D AND TECHNIQUES 3. B 1. A 2. C 3 B 4 A 5 A 4. A
5. H SELF-CHECK NO. 2.1 6. E SKETCH SIMPLE OBJECTS
7. F 1. PROPORTION 8. J 2. HEXAGON 9. I 3. RECTANGLE 10. G 4.SQUARE II. 1. MASKING TAPE 5. TRAPEZOID 2. PROTRACTOR 6. EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE 3. DRAWING PENCILS 4. DRAWING PAPER 7.RHOMBUS 5. COMPASS 8. RECTANGLE 6. ERASER 7. ERASING SHSIELD 9. HEXAGON
8. TRIANGLE 10. SQUARE 9. T- SQUARE SELF-CHECK NO. 3.1 10. DIVIDER DRAWING TOOLS, EQUIPMENT 11. METRIC SCALES AND MATERIALS 1. C 2. C 3. C 4. D 5. A 12. PENCIL SHARPENER
SELF-CHECK NO. 3.2 BASIC CONSIDERATION IN FREE HAND SKETCHES 1. A 2. B 3. D 4. B 5 A
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LO. 3 DRAWING TOOLS, EQUIPMENT
AND MATERIALS
ACTIVITY NO. 1 PERFORMANCE TASK NO. 3.1
1. French Curve 1. B
2. Triangle 2. C
3. Divider 3. E
4. Drawing paper 4. D
5. Compass 5. A
6. Masking tape 6. H
7. T-Square 7. I
8. Protractor 8. K
9 .Erasing shield 9. G
10. Eraser 10. F
11. Metric scale
12. Drawing pencils
13. Drawing board
POST TEST
1. C 6. C 11. C 16. C
2. D 7. B 12. A 17. E
3. D 8. B 13. B 18. A
4. D 9. A 14. D 19. C
5. B 10. B 15. B 20. B
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