MARCH 3, 1972 25 CENTS

A SOCIALIST NEWSWEEKLY/PUBLISHED IN THE INTERESTS OF THE WORKING PEOPLE

WhY activists excl lrom versailles conterence - page4

By NORTON SANDLER SAN JOSE, Feb. 23-After 16 months in jail, Angela Davis was re­ leased tonight on $102,500 bail Davis, a member of the Communist Party, faces murder charges stemming from a courtroom kidnapping Angela Davis. attempt in San Rafael, Calif., in August 1970. San Jose Superior Court Judge Richard E. Arnason had previously refused to set bail on the grounds that California law prohibits 'bail in .. capital cases." free on bail . · Today' s decision followed a State Supreme Court decision last Friday abolishing the death penalty in California. . Conditions of bail are rather harsh-she cannot leave the six Bay Area counties, she is not allowed to speak about her case at public meetings or in interviews, she cannot possess or have a firearm, and she has to report to a probation officer every week. Davis' trial begins here Monday, Feb. 28.

VOLUME 36/NUMBER 8 RIGGED HEARINGS ON PUERTO RICANS: The U.S. In Brief, Jan. 28) cost the school about $180,000, ac­ Commission on Civil Rights tried to hold "public hear­ cording to a Feb. 19 dispatch from Palo Alto, Calif. ings" on the problems of Puerto Ricans in New York Franklin was fired for his antiwar and radical views. Feb. 14 and Feb. 15 but without letting the "public" THIS speak. The esteemed commission, headed by University STRIKE AT U.S. PEN IN MARION, ILL.: Militant of Notre Dame President Theodore Hesburg, was slated correspondent Stuart Vyse from Carbondale reports: WEEK'S to hear from such experts as Albert Shanker, the racist "On the morning of Jan. 31, 40 to 60 inmates of the president of the United Federation of Teachers, and var­ Marion penitentiary sat down in a hallway and refused MILITANT ious federal, state, and city officials, themselves accom­ to move. They were successful in getting a handful of plices to the systematic oppression of Puerto Ricans. prisoners released from the segregation-cell house and 3 1-year subs are goal The hearings, held in the Brotherhood in Action Build­ returned to the normal prison population. of renewal campaign ing in Manhattan, were called off in the face of demands "A few days later, three prisoners were put in segre­ 4 Why antiwar group. by Puerto Rican activists that they be allowed to speak. gation after testifying against the government in U.S. excluded f~om Versailles Among groups demanding that the hearings be open District Court in a case involving an alleged escape at­ conference were the Puerto Rican Socialist Party and the Congress tempt. This caused all 500 men to stop work of Puerto Rican Hometowns. in the prison's furniture factory and printing plant. Fifteen Canadian actions called 5 demands were presented, including the right to testify for April 22 FREE SPEECH VICTORY IN DENVER: The Commit­ in court without fear of being punished, an end to mail 8 Chicano, Black students tee for Democratic Rights at the University of Colorado, censorship, improved medical treatment, and the right launch struggle Denver Center, has won a free speech victory- the right to be politically active. 9 British mine strikers to leaflet, sell literature, and set up tables. The committee's .. After a six day lockup, the strike was ended efforts were supported by the campus Student Mobiliza­ with Warden George W. Pickett's acceptance of a watered­ defeat Tories tion Committee, Chicano s~dent groups, Women's Lib­ down version of some of the demands. No concessions 1 0 Right of Blacks to eration, the Black Student Alliance, and the Young So­ were made on the demands to exercise the right to political non-ghetto housing cialist Alliance. The Colorado American Civil Liberties activity and to testify in court without fear of 11 Militant forum hears Union lent active support. being punished." leader of Attica revolt Lynn Rashkind of the Denver YSA predicts that "Height­ 12 Radical publisher ex­ ened political activity on campus this spring will be the THE MILITANT GETS AROUND 1: The February direct result of this important victory." Radical Therapist, now published in Somerville, Mass., pands reprinted Arthur Mag1in's "American Way of Life" from 13 Harrisburg frame-up de­ FOREIGN STUDENTS SPARK TUITION FIGHT: .A the Jan. 14 Militant. Credit was given to Liberation News pends on gov't agent broad coalition spearheaded by the Foreign Student Coun­ Service and The Militant. 14 Banquet climaxes tour of cil is waging a campaign to cut tuition for all students N. Calif. by Jenness at the University of Washington in Seattle. Tuition has THE MILITANT GETS AROUND II: The American doubled over the last several years, with no end in sight. Civil Liberties Union newspaper Civil Liberties featured 15 Socialist Gl runs for The demands of the Council of Student Delegates to Roll in its January issue an article on racism in the U.S. Army, Congress Back Tuition were approved "in a landslide victory" by Thomas Culver. Entitled "Darmstadt 53: Race Jen_ness attacks com­ in a campus referendum on Feb. 10, according to Mil­ at German Bases," the article was illustrated by a picture promise on rights bill itant reporter Lucy Roedder. A successful petition cam­ of Socialist Workers P'iuty vice-presidential candidate 16 Communist Party con- paign (3,000 signatures in three days) and campus rallies Andrew Pulley and a group of Black G Is. The Militant are also part of this effort. . vention: 'defeat Nixon; was given credit for the photo. Those attending coalition meetings have included the build CP' student government, the Black Student Union, the vet­ 17 Student movement erans association, the Young Democrats, the Young So­ today cialist Alliance, Young Socialists for Jenness and Pulley, 18 Transit union vote and the Chinese, Arab, and Iranian student associations; smells fishy U.S. immigration authorities have intervened by initiat­ ing deportation proceedings against Babak Zahraie, an Con Ed claims N.Y. air Iranian student who is a coordinator of the tuition co­ isn't so bad alition. (See The Militant, Feb. 25.) 19 NDP and lhe trade unions STRIKE LEADER AT SEATTLE FORUM:. John Bar­ 21 Why the U.S. is in Indo­ ton, president of the Seattle Community College Federa­ tion of Teachers and leader of Washington's first public china employee strike, spoke at a Feb. 11 Militant Forum at­ 24 Peking talks threaten tended by more than 40 people. Also speaking were Wil­ Indochinese revolution liam Jungers, student-strike-support picket captain and Longshoremen go back leader of Young Socialists for Jenness and Pulley, and to work Gary Johnson, Socialist Workers Party candidate for state superintendent of public instruction. Barton outlined the issues in the strike (see The Mil­ 2 In Brief itant, Feb. 25). The teachers have been forced back to 6 In Our Opinion work under a court injunction on the grounds that strikes Letters by public employees are illegal under Washington law. 7 The Great Society Jungers detailed how student support was won for the Women: The Insurgent strike through a series of mass meetings involving hun­ dreds of students. Johnson discussed the strike in the con­ Majority text of the wage controls and the Nixon administration's 14 '72 Socialist Campaign attack on the right to strike. 18 The National Picket Line RACISM DURING 'WAR FOR DEMOCRACY': Three 20 In Review hundred fifty volumes of the British War Cabinet's papers covering the years 1941-45 are being published in London. It turns out that the war minister, Sir James Grigg, wrote a memo on how to educate British armed forces, especially women, "to conform with American attitudes toward Negro TV WRITERS BLAST CENSORSHIP: Members of the soldiers arriving in Britain with the United States Army," Writers Guild of America recently told a Senate subcom­ THE MILITANT as Anthony Lewis delicately put it in the Jan. 3 New York mittee hearing about censorship by television executives. VOLUME 36/NUMBER 8 Times. The Feb. 9 Los Angeles Times quoted some of the testi­ MARCH 3, 1972 "'The people of this country should avoid becoming too mony. CLOSING NEWS DATE-FEB. 23, 1972 friendly with colored American troops,' Sir James wrote." The guild's chairman, David W. Rintels, told of his Editor: MARY-AliCE WATERS A cabinet committee wrote a secret paper for senior of­ experiences with "The FBI" series. "If you want to do• Managing Editor: DOUG JENNESS ficers. "It provided this convenient (racist-J. B.) analysis a kidnapping, great; Communist espionage, wonderful; Business Manager: SHARON CABANISS of American racial attitudes for the uninformed: 'The South organized crime, marvelous." But "civil rights, never Southwest Bureau: HARRY RING is semitropical, where labor is more fitted to the colored . . .. " The broadcast executives, Rintels said, "allow Published weekly by The Militant Publishing Ass'n., man ... the white population still tend to regard Negroes laughter but not tears, fantasy but not reality, escapism 14 Charles lone, New York, N.Y. 10014. Phone: Ed­ as children for whom they have a moral responsibility; but not truth. . . . " itorial Office (212) 243-6392; Business Office (212) like children Negroes commonly inspire affection and 929-3486. "Seventy-five million people are nightly being fed pro­ Southwest Bureau: 1107 1/2 N. Western Ave., los admiration, but they are not considered equal to white grams deliberately designed to have no resemblance at Angeles, Calif. 90029. Phone (213) 463-1917. men and women any more than children are considered all to reality, nonsense whose only purpose is to sell Second-class postage paid at New York, N.Y. Sub­ equal to adults.'" snake oil and laxatives and underarm deodorants." scription: domestic, S6 a year; foreign, S7.50. By first­ class mail: domestic and Canada, S22; all other coun­ Liam O'Brien, a screenwriter, said he was forced by tries, S24. Air printed matter: domestic and Canada, STANFORD SPARED NO. EXPENSE TO FIRE PROF: CBS to put more "action ... the CBS euphemism for S26; latin America and Europe, S40; Africa, Australia, The Stanford University faculty Advisory Board hearings violence" into the "Hawaii Five-0" series in 1970. Asia (including USSR). S50. Write lor sealed air post­ that led to the firing of Professor H. Bruce Franklin (see age rates. Signed articles by contributors do not necessarily represent The Militant's views. These are e~pressed in editorials.

2 1-year subs are goal Black student killed; of renewal campaign community angered By MERYL FARBER motion to have the armed guards re­ By SHARON CABANISS Since some people cannot afford a CHICAGO- On Tuesday, Feb. 15, moved by 8 a.m. Friday, Feb. 18. FEB. 22 - Seventy subscription re­ one-year sub right away, The Militant two students from Olive-Harvey Ju­ The motion also called for a student newals came into the Militant business is also offering a six-month renewal nior College entered Kenwood High boycott of classes with the full support office this past week, bringing the to­ for only $3. School to receive tutoring from a of the community if guards were found tal to 591. The leading area was Oak­ • teacher there. Located in Chicago's in the school after that time. land-Berkeley with 13. Last week, 23 introductory subs to South Side, the high school is 70 per­ In addition, the students raised de­ The Militant and five introductory ISR cent Black. At one point in the after­ mands centered around student con­ The International Socialist Review subs were sent to the national cam­ noon they were approached by an trol. They included, among others, is doing quite well in "the joint renewal paign office. armed security guard and told to a student protection committee to campaign with 148 renewals so far, A total of 131 new introductory subs leave. screen all personnel, no armed guards which is more than 4 percent of the and 18 new one-year subs came in The guard then proceeded to arrest in the school, and the handing out of 3,325 subs sold in last fall's subsc.t:ip­ this past week. Madison led the way them for trespassing. A scuffle started · passes to visitors so that they may tion drive. Many areas report that with 11, and Chicago and Cleveland and a second armed guard came to be allowed into the school. Militant subscribers are often interest­ each sent in 9. aid the first. According to Bernard When armed guards were discovered ed in reading the ISR and have been • Martin, an off-duty cop serving as a in the school the next Clay, 50 to 60 purchasing either the three-month in­ More than 100 Militants were sold security guard, one of the students students and parents set up a picket troductory ISR sub for $1 or the spe­ at a recent rally held at the BOAC pulled a pistol and threatened to shoot. line outside the school demanding "No cial combination offer of six months offices in New York City to protest Martin then shot and killed him. armed guards in Kenwood!" A board of the ISR and one year of The Mili­ Britain's internment .policy in Ireland. The dead man was identified as Cor­ of education spokesman, however, tant for only $8. Also selling well was the December nell Fitzpatrick, a 21-year-old Viet­ contended that there were no armed • 1971 International Socialist Review, nam veteran. Several students who guards in the school. A key consideration of the renewal which carried an interview with Catha! were eyewitnesses to the incident say campaign is to get as many one-year Goulding, chief of staff of the Irish that they did not see a gun anywhere Norman Oliver, Socialist Workers renewals as possible so that readers Republican Army. near Fitzpatrick when he fell dead. Party candidate for Cook ~ounty can follow the SWP campaign through • On the following day, the students state's attorney, issued a statement the election. Does your school or local library of Kenwood High, outraged at what giving full support to the struggle tak­ Ruth Getts, Portland renewal drive have a subscription to The Militant? had happened, held meetings to de­ ing place at Kenwood and to the sev­ director, reports that Militant support­ Also, you might find that your local cide what course of action to take. en demands calling for student con­ ers take samples of the free book high school or college student govern­ A mass community meeting was called trol of the school. "The killing at Ken­ choices to show subscribers what they ment and the campus newspapers for Thursday night to discuss the wood," the statement said, "raises the can get with a one-year renewal. would be interested in subscribing. problem of armed guards in the vital question of who actually con­ school. trols the schools. Who made the de­ Approximately 800 parents, stu­ cision in the first place to have armed All dents, and teachers attended this meet­ guards in the schools? Not the par­ lhnon ing, which overwhelmingly passed a ents, the students, or teachers." .Apr;, Frame-up of Chicano z.z falls apart in court By HARRY RING his friends and that they were being LOS ANGELES - Efforts by federal followed simply because their conduct 0D to and local authorities to frame up for­ was suspicious. mer attorney Oscar Z. Acosta ended Pretrial investigation by Acosta's at­ in failure when a jury here found him torney, Neil Herring, unearthed quite lP.ril not guilty of illegal possession of ben­ a different story. It was established zedrine. The jury deliberated less than that the day prior to the anniversary two hours after an eight-day trial that of the Chicano Moratorium a meeting 22 ended Feb. 16. had been held of members of the Los Acosta was for many years a prom­ Angeles Police Department, the L.A. inent Chicano attorney. He retired sheriff's office, and the ATF to plan from practice this past year and is how they would deal with demonstra­ now living in Northern California. tions anticipated for the next day. Part Acosta represented many Chicano of their plans included having exten­ activists and was counsel to the widow sive forces from the three agencies of Ruben Salazar, a Chicano journal­ in the Chicano community the night ist killed by police during their attack prior to the anniversary. At that meet­ on the Aug. 29, 1970 Chicano Mora­ ing, it was officially established by the torium demonstration against the Viet­ investigation, a list was circulated of nam war. '1eading militants" deserving attention~ The Militant has exposed the war aims ashington in Acosta's arrest on the drug-posses­ Acosta's name was on that list. china since 1946 and has been a consistent campaigner for sion charge came on the eve of the The defense also exposed the false mass actions in the streets since the antiwar movement anniversary of the Moratorium. On claim of the ATF agent, who made the began. that day a Los Angeles jury had re­ official charge against Acosta. The With a one-year renewal to The Militant you can choose jected all but several lesser charges agent had asserted that he didn't know any one of the following books at no extra cost: against the Biltmore Seven, a group the identity of the man he arrested, ( ) 1.. BY ANY MEANS NECESSARY by Malcolm X. of Chicano activists indicted for al­ but the police blotter he signed showed ( ) 2. PROBLEMS OF WOMEN'S LIBERATION by Evelyn Reed. legedly seeking to commit arson at the arrested man identified as "Chicano ( ) 3. TWO PAMPHLETS ON THE LABOR MOVEMENT: The the hotel during a demonstration there. attorney Oscar Acosta" and referred fo Revolutionary Potential of the Working Class by Ernest That evening, Acosta, who was at­ him as "a Chicano militant.". Mandel and George Novack; and Leon Trotsky on the torney in the case, went out with two Apparently, it was such facts as these Trade Unions. of his just-freed clients and two other -coupled with the defense argument ( ) 4. Gls SPEAK OUT AGAINST THE WAR by Fred Halstead. friends. Driving in Acosta's car, they that someone with Acosta's legal ex­ ( ) 6. INTRODUCTION TO MARXIST ECONOMIC THEORY by visited several bars. As the evening perience would not be carrying illegal Ernest Mandel. went on, it was apparent to them that drugs when he knew he was being ( ) 6. THREE PAMPHLETS ON THE CHICANO STRUGGLE: they were being followed each step of followed by police, no less do so while Chicano Liberation and Revolutionary Youth; La Raza tht! way by police. acting to challenge their harassme~t Unida Party in Texas; and La Raza! Why a Chicano Party? Finally, Acosta decided to challenge of him- that convinced the jury. Why Chicano Studies? being followed, drove his car off a An aspect of the attempted frame­ ( ) 7. THEIR MORALS AND OURS by Leon Trotsky, John freeway ramp and parked. The police up that is of special interest is the role Dewey, and George Novack. stopped behind him and ordered the of the ATF. Recent revelations here occupants out of the car. An agent by Eustacio (Frank) Martinez, a for­ ( ) Enclosed is $6 for a one-year subscription. of the Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms mer ATF informer in the Chicano (------­ ) Enclosed is $3 for a six-month subscription. enforcement division of the Treasury movement, put the spotlight on the Department (ATF) then held aloft a fact that this agency is increasingly playing the role of political persecutor Name ______~------crumpled cigarette package containing Address ______several dozen benzedrines and an­ of Chicano activists. He revealed that City State______. Zip ______nounced that Acosta had flung it from it uses informers and provocateurs The Militant, 14 Charles Lane, N.Y., N.Y. 10014. the car just before stopping. to penetrate Chicano organizations for Code number above name on address label:------The federal agency insisted they had the purpose of illegal surveillance and no idea of the identity of Acosta and entrapment.

THE MILITANT/MARCH 3, 1972 3. the American antiwar movement to organize a demonstration in solidar­ SPedal.lnterview ity with your own on April 24. This was the first public appearance · of the Indochina Solida:~;ity Front. We began organizing shortly before the action and 3,500 people came out. Why French In the late spring of 1971 we or­ antiwar group ganized mass meetings_ and teach-ins . in Paris and throughout France. The most intensive activities of the FSI began in the fall of 1971. We was excluded at versailles put all of our emphasis on a mass mobilization in solidarity with the Nov. 6 antiwar actions in the United States. Committees were organized to sup­ port the Nov. 6 demonstration every­ where- in the high schools, univer­ sities, factories, and neighborhoods. And the FSI succeeded in organizing the largest mass demonstration in France for Indochina in 1971. Twenty thousand marched in Paris, and a total of 30,000 in all of France. In many cities the demonstrations were the largest ever seen for Indo­ china. On Nov. 10 we organized a large meeting in Paris, where representa­ tives of the U. S. antiwar movement and the Indochinese struggle spoke. The meeting was addressed by Jerry Gordon of the U.S. National Peace Action Coalition; Al Hubbard of the Vietnam Veterans Against the Warand the Peoples Coalition for Peace and Justice; Py Toureth of the Cambodian National United Khmer Front; Dr. Photo by Elie Kogon Nguyen Van Loch of the South Viet­ namese Provisional Revolutionary French Indochina Solidarity Front contingent of 2,500 on march of 15,000 that concluded Versailles Government delegation in Paris; Le antiwar conference Feb. 13. Van Sinh of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam delegation to France; By DAN ROSENSHINE you become involved in the antiwar dissatisfied with the existing peace Pham The True, a former opposition PARIS- Following the Feb. 11-13 an­ movement? movement led by the French Com­ member of the Chamber of Deputies tiwar conference in Versailles, I inter­ A. The Algerian war ended in 1962 munist Party. In spite of the vast re­ in Saigon; and Boun-Sang of viewed Dr. Marcel-Francis Kahn. and you may remember that the first sources and following of the French the Union of Lao Students. Dr. Kahn has been one of the most steps of tlie escalation in Vietnam be­ CP, its activities were not sustained, Indochinese delegations also came consistent and untiring organizers of gan at that time. Those of us who and it did not throw its forces into to many of the regional meetings. French opposition to the U.S. war had been deeply involved· on behalf this vital work. Since November there has hardly been in Indochina. He is a member of the of the Algerian people immediately At this time the May-June 1968 a week when we haven't had a support national board of the Indochina Sol­ took up the struggle against the Amer- events occurred in France. The Viet­ meeting somewhere in France. This . idarity Front (Front de Solidarit~ In­ ican war in ln4ochina. . nam issue had been very important is important because most of the dem­ dochine...,- FSI), which has organized At first, our.:·c,ampaign arounq Viet­ in ·organizing the radicalization of the onstrations ofr the 1960s took .place a -~rles of antiwar actions in Ftance na:rp. was of an educational nature. young students and workers. It is of­ in Paris. . :rn thldastyear. We organized meetings and wrote ar­ ten said that the militant defense of We have also worked to expose the · .. .Dr. Kahn is also the national vice­ ticles in 'journals. But when President Vietnam was one of the origins of complicity of the French government . president of the Franco-Vietnamese Johnson sharply escalated the war in the radicalization that led to the May­ on Indochina. It claims to be neutral Medical Association, which recently 1965 we began mobilizhig mass op­ June events of 1968. and sometimes even sympathetic to organized a world conference on the position in France. We were very in­ But in 1968, we entered a period the Vietnamese cause, but in fact it Indochina War and Medicine. The spired by the example of the first mass of decline in organized activity against is aiding the u.s. we kno~; for ex: cQnference was attended by more than demonstrations and teach-ip.s in the the Indochina war. One reason was ample, that France is selling electroniC 200 doctors from different countries, u.s. episodic and temporary. The great military equipment to the U: S. including the U. S. and the countries · I personally participated in three upsurge of the French workers and of Indochina. efforts at this time. First, I helped students in May and June riveted ev­ Q. Could you describe the forces in­ The. Indochina Solidarity Front was found the Franco-Vieti;ta_mese Medical · eryone's attention to the domestic po­ volved in the Indochina Solidarity excluded from the World Assembly Association. The. association has very litical situation in France. Front? for the Peace and Independence of broad support within the medical pro­ A second reason was more serious. A. The FSI was initiated by promi­ the Peoples of Indochina, held Feb. fession for its efforts to organize med­ In the very same week the May-June nent personalities and representatives 11-13 in Versailles. No explanation ical support for the people of Indo­ events began, the Paris negotiations of political tendencies who have- been was given by the conference organiz­ china. also began. I believe that a certain active in the antiwar movement for a ers- for this exclusion, nor did they Second. both as a doctor and a section of public opinion in Europe long time. For example, Laurent · recognize any right to appeal the ex­ political activist, I helped establish, was deceived by these talks a:hd later Schwartz, the former ·executive-presi­ 'clusion to the assembly. in 1966, the International War Crimes by Nixon's propaganda that the war dent of the Bertrand Russell Tribunal A delegation from the U. S. Nation­ Tribunal, better known as the Russell · is "winding down." and a world-famous mathematician; al Peace Action Coalition (NPAC}, Tribunal. I was a member of the sci­ Actions in solidarity with Vietnam several dozen academicians who had including six of its seven national co­ entific commission devoted to the were held, but they were rather small. left the Communist Party Since 1968; . ordinators, attended the conference study of fragmentation bombs and One accomplishment was the creation and also some members of the Com­ and raised two important questions: chemical warfare and I also helped of the International Center for the De­ munist Party-even though the Com­ 1) that the exclusion of the FSI- the organize the tribunal sessions and nunciation of War Crimes, chaired by munist Party has taken a very hostile ·most active French antiwar organi­ publications of reports. I wrote ex­ two very prominent intellectuals, Jean­ attitude toward the FSI. zation- be reversed; and 2) that the tensively in the areas of CS and war Paul Sartre and Laurent Schwartz. Among our supporters is the Com­ conference call international mass gases. We held a conference in July 1968 munist League, the French section of demonstrations for a specific day or In 1967, as part of the tribunal's where the Mylai atrocities were co:rn­ the Fourth International, whose mem­ week in the spring. medical-staff investigation team, I pletely described. The details were ob­ bers were very active in the National Discussion of the NPAC mass-action went to Vietnam two times; both to tained from Vietnamese sources. The Vietnam Committee. . proposal was also ruled out of order the North and to the liberated zones center published a book in Septem­ The Unified Socialist Party (Parti in the final plenary session. The con­ controlled by the NLF in the South. ber 1968 called Vietnam '68, 8 Re­ Socialiste U nifie- PS U) is also rep­ ference did, however, specifically en­ I reported to the Tribunal on the ports and 7 Testimonies, which con­ resented in the FSI. Michel Rocard, dorse April 22 as the day of national bombing of hospitals, schools, and tained an explicit account of Mylai a PS U member of the chamber of mass demonstrations in the United nurseries in the North, and the use However, this was ignored by the deputies, signed the appeal to form States. of chemical warfare, destruction in mass media. the FSI. The decisions and debates of the "free-fire zones," and the achievements Another participating group is the Versailles conference are of consider­ of the NLF (National Liberation In the beginning of 1971 we felt it Committee for Communist Initiative, able importance to the antiwar move­ Front) health services in the South. was absolutely necessary to create a consisting of individuals expelled from ment in the United States. Coming Third, I was a member of the new movement to continue activities the French Communist Party or still issu~s of The Militant will carry an­ French National Vietnam Committee, on a higher level. A number of promi­ working secretly within it trying to r& alytical articles on this subject. a militant action organization created nent personalities and representatives form it. It has in its ranks some very The following interview with Dr. at the end of 1966. This organiza­ of political tendencies issued the first famous figures in the history of the Kahn provides a valuable back­ tion built a series of massive street appeal of the Indochina Solidarity French Communist Party. ground for an understanding of the demonstrations in 1966 and 1967 and Front in April 1971. Another organization that is part of French antiwar movement and the ex­ received stipport from a very wide the FSI is the French branch of the clusion of the FSI. spectrum of political forces. Q. What activities has the FSI car­ · International Conference for Disarma­ Actually, it was initiated by various ried out? ment and Peace, headed up by Claude Q. First of all, Dr. Kahn, how did forces on the French left who were A. Last April we received a call from Bourdet, well-known radical pacifist.

4 Q. How do you explain the exclusion Q. Is the FSI getting support in its of the FSI from the Versailles con­ fight for nonexclusion? ference? A. We contacted many people. We did A. The exclusion was initiated by the not protest on the basis of the single Canadian actions French Communist Party and the or­ fact that we were excluded and were ganizations it controls, including the upset- that would not be a political powerful CGT (Confederation G~ standpoint. We protested because we set for April 22 :, '~ n~rale du Travail- General Confed­ think the exclusion of one part- any eration of Labor) unions. part-of the movement weakens the The following are major excerpts from prairie-wide demonstration in Suffield, They did not regard the defense of entire movement throughout the world. aJ:!. article that appeared in the Feb. 14 Alberta, site of the Canadian govern­ the Indochinese people as the primary We received support from many Labor Challenge, a revolutionary-so­ ment's chemical and biological re­ objective. They did not recognize the people throughout France. Within the cialist biweekly published in Canada. search center, sometime during the need for unity on this issue, regardless co.nference, prominent individualslike By CARL FLEMING summer .... of other political differences. Instead, Claude Bourdet and Helene Parmelin The spring antiwar offensive was In Vancouver, featured speaker they used the participation of Trotsky­ took the floor in the commissions launched Feb. 5-6 when regional con­ Robert Scheer, editor of Ramparts . ists from the Communist League in (workshops), as did representatives ferences set April 22 . . . as the date magazine and a former Democratic the FSI as a basis for exclusion. of NPAC. H~l~ne Parmelin is both for mass demonstrations across Can­ Party "peace" candidate in California In fact, they excluded not only the a member of the FSI and the French ada. The peace actions will demand . .. proposed that the movement drop Trotskyists but the FSI itself- the one CP and she protested very firmly immediate withdrawal of all U.S. its demand for immediate withdraw~! organization that has been carrying against the exclusion. This was a com­ forces and materiel from Southeast and substitute the seven-point peace out active and consistent antiwar work mendable act. Asia and an end to Canada's com­ proposal of the Provisional Revolu­ in the last year. We received a number of informal plicity in the war. tionary Government of South Viet­ assurances from representatives of the The focus of the April 22 actions nam, which calls on the U.S. to set Q. Had the F SI formally requested to U.S. Peoples Coalition for Peace and will be a "Peace Train," carrying dem­ a date for withdrawal.... be included in the conference? Justice that they were against our ex­ onstrators from Southern Ontario to The conference reaffirmed the de­ A. Yes, the leaders of the Stockholm clusion. I must say, regretfully, that a rally in Ottawa, where the Trudeau mands "Out Now" and "End Canada's Conference on Vietnam had decided they took only informal and private government will - be challenged to Complicity" as the main demands of to hold the conference in Paris. We steps and decided not to raise the break its ties with the U.S. war rna- the movement. ... informed each of the French organiza­ question publicly or on the conference chine and its aggression against the The Toronto conference was con-· tions that were preparing for the con­ floor. people of Indochina. fronted with an action proposal from ference that we wanted to participate I believe it is very difficult for them The conferences were the largest in Gordon Massie of the Communist Par­ in their work. We were told we should to show any reason why the FSI some time (Vancouver, 125; Saska­ ty, which, while posing no concrete apply to the Stockholm Conference should be excluded. Now they should toon, 88; Toronto, 150) and included actions for the antiwar movement, itself. We rli'd so in October and re­ send a formal communication to the many of the new young activists who wanted to make the PRG's seven-point ceived a positive response. Versailles conference organizers- this joined the antiwar movement from the proposal a major demand of the anti­ It was then decided that the would be better than nothing. They experiences of the protests against war movement. Versailles conference would be orga­ could also send us a communication Nixon's Amchitka nuclear blast last The conference rejected the Massie nized by two different oodies- one saying they are against our exclusion fall. proposal and adopted an action pro­ would be delegates from the Stock­ from the Versailles conference. Student meetings held in conjunc­ posal for the April 22 March on Ot­ holm Conference and the other would tion with the conferences in Saskatoon tawa put forward by George Addison, be delegates from 40 or 48 French Q. What steps do you believe are nec­ and Toronto established Student Mo- outgoing executive secretary of the organizations. The trick- and it was essary for the antiwar movement on bilization Committees on a regional Vietnam Mobilization Committee.... a trick- was to change an informal a world scale? basis. March 29 was set as a student Dennis McDermott, Canadian direc­ grouping of French organizations into A. We have found that the effectiveness day of protest, to culminate a drive tor of the United Auto Workers, told a formal organization in which mem­ of antiwar activity is multiplied 5, 10, to expose and rid the university cam­ the Toronto conference that [the] labor ber organizations could veto any oth­ or 20 times if there is worldwide coor­ puses of war research. movement must play a bigger role in er group that might want to affiliate. dination. The Saskatoon conference called a the antiwar movement. This was done in order to exclude the If on the same day, or week, you ;_;:;;:::::::::.- u~ .....,_" FSI. can have tens and hundreds of The participating organizations con­ thousands of people in the streets of ~ UlliAN srtt 0! sisted of a number of small groups Berlin, Paris, Rome, New York, Los ... ~J.;1~ •'ii ""' -~.-ht in the periphery of the CP; CGTunions Angeles, and Tokyo, it makes clear ~ where many of the national board that the struggle against imperialism members are in the CP; the CFDT is worldwide. (another trade-union federation); and, We plan to carry out large demon­ in the last six months, the French strations in connection with yours on Socialist Party. April 22 and hope that a number of other countries do the same. Within this grouping an official state­ In Europe on Nov. 6 we saw demon­ ment was made by leaders of the CP strations in France, Switzerland, saying there were people they would Sweden, Luxemburg, Germany and not associate with in any ·way, re­ Italy. And perhaps you know that ferring specifically to the Trotskyists. 500 Spaniards under Franco's fascism I might point out that there are or­ demonstrated in Madrid on that day ganizations where the CP is forced -even though they had to assemble, Right to organize won to work alongside Trotskyists. In demonstrate, and disperse within 15 these organizations, the cp' claims minutes so they would not be caught members of the Communist League by the police. by Portland students are "simply individuals," whereas in What we want to do in Europe is the case of the FSI, the Communist promote the formation of organiza­ By JOHN LINDER board meeting demanding their rights. League is an "official 'Supporter." tions similar to the FSI. These organi­ PORTLAND, Ore.- High school stu­ An overflow crowd turned out to wit­ This was their stated reason for ex­ zations can then meet the potential dents here won a victory Feb. 8 in ness the debate. The board adopted a clusion. that exists for large mass de~on­ a year-long fight for the right to form policy granting all political organi­ When the Stockholm Conference was strations. political organizations in the schools. zations the right to meet and organize asked by a number of organizations to In a unanimous decision the school in the schools, but continued to deny overturn this exclusion, their answer Q. You mentioned that there have been board voted to overturn its previous the right of all organizations to be was that "this is a French organi­ incidents within demonstrations against policy of barring all political orga­ chartered. It is by being chartered zational affair and we cannot inter­ contingents organized by the FSL nizations other than the Democratic that a group gains access to money vene in French domestic affairs." At A. Yes, most recently on Feb. 12 and and Republican parties from meeting from the school system and use of the executive board of the Versailles 13. The French groups involved in in the schools. all school facilities, from mimeo ma­ conference, a Soviet delegate gave the the Vers~illes conference planned dem­ The victory was spearheaded by chines to bus transportation for group same answer to a member of the onstrations throughout France to co­ . the Student Mobilization Committee activities . International Conference on Disarma­ incide with the closing of the con­ (SMC), with the support of such or­ SMC activists considered the new ment and Peace. ference. We supported these since they ganizations as the Portland Federa­ policy to· be a victory, but stated their were antiwar actions. tion of Teachers, the Lincoln High determination to continue the fight Q. Were there specific charges against In Paris, 15,000 people marched; School student government and Black until they win all the i-ights and priv­ the F SI in addition to including Trot­ 2,500 of them in the contingent or­ Student Union, the local chapter of ileges accorded to other organizations skYists? gani:l:ed by the F SI. No incidents the Women's International League for within the schools. This stage of the A. They charged that the FSI creates occurred in Paris. However, in several Peace and Freedom, and the Oregon fight for the rights of high school incidents at demonstrations. This is so towns, marshals organized by the McGovern campaign. students was launched by an SMC untrue that they had to retreat and Communist Party and the CGT at­ Most recently, when a new principal member who challenged the superin­ drop this charge. We understand that tacked the FSI contingents. at Adams High School granted a tendent of schools to a debate on high it was revived at the conference, where Such attacks occurred in Rouen and charter to a chapter of the SMC and school rights. He accepted, and the the FSI was not officially present to Montpellier: Some people were badly was then forced·· to revolfe it by the debate was scheduled for Feb. 18 answer it hurt, and one woman is now in the superintendent of schools, the SMC at Adams High School. At the Versailles conference, French hospital. In Montpellier the marshals launched an intensive campaign of CP members also claimed that the attacked not only the FSI contingent leafletting and education. SM C mem­ The SMC plans to take immediate FSI was campaigning against the but a delegation of school teachers bers picketed and spoke at the Jan. advantage of the new policy by set­ National Liberation Front for not be­ who complained about these attacks. 24 meeting of the school board, which ting up chapters in the Portland ing "revolutionary enough" and con­ Different organizations have pro­ was attended by more than 200 peo­ schools to organize participation in demning the Vietnamese for partici­ tested against these activities. And I ple. The board agreed to reconsider the National Student Antiwar Confer­ pating in the Paris negotiations. These should add that even among members its policy at its next meeting, sched­ ence planned for New York Feb. 25- charges were made only in Versailles of the CP we know a lot of people uled for Feb. 7. 27, and to begin organization for the - they never dared say anything who are thoroughly disgusted with The SMC campaign continued, and . April 22 demonstration planned for equivalent in the French newspapers. these physical attacks on the F SI. on Feb. 7, 50 students picketed the Los Angeles.

THE MILITANT/MARCH 3, 1972 5 In· Our,Opinion Non exclusion ... Letters A promising indication of the breadth of the student antiwar movement Correction raising money for her defense fund. was revealed at a Feb. 23 news conference announcing plans for the Concerning the article entitled "Par­ By charging an admission fee, dona­ Feb. 26-27 national student antiwar conference called by the Student tial victory won against 'subversive tions could be raised which would Mobilization Committee. Participating in the news conference and add­ list'" in your Feb. 18, 1972, issue. help to free her. ing their support to the Conference Organizing Committee were rep­ Mr. Gordon and the Socialist Work­ MG. resentatives of Students for McGovern and the National Youth Coalition ers Party were not represented "in Long Beach, Calif. for Muskie, as well as other organizations. Students for Lindsay is this case by Dorian Bowman from the New York law firm of Rabino­ also part of the Conference Organizing Committee. In reply- The film Angela Davis: witz, Boudin and Standard," but by Portrait of a Revolutionary is dis­ · All antiwar activists should welcome the participation of young Dorian Bowman acting for the Na­ supporters of Democratic or Republican Party presidential candidates tributed by New Yorker Films; tional Emergency Civil Liberties 2409 Broadway, New York, N.Y. at the student antiwar conference. They will contribute ideas, resources, Committee. This case is a NECLC and activists to the organization of the spring antiwar activities. test case. We would appreciate it if It is important to make the distinction, however, that while these you would inform your readers of Right-to-Life? young campaign supporters are supporting the antiwar conference, the error. One of our greatest semantic disad­ Edith Tiger the SMC is not endorsing and should not endorse their particular can­ vantages has been wide acceptance Director, National Emergency Civil didates or the program of particular candidates. and use of the misnomer "Right-to­ Liberties Committee ·Also participating in the press conference was a representative of Life" by the opponents of women's Young Socialists for Jenness and Pulley. The Socialist Workers Party right to abortion. This term implies candidates give wholehearted suP.port to the SMC and everywhere they they embrace a positive or affirma­ spea.k urge support to the April 22 antiwar actions in New York and To the Workers League tive position, while leaving the abor­ Los Angeles. While the SWP candidates welcome support from antiwar As a former .member of the Workers tion law repeal advocates as pre­ activists, they do not ask that the SMC as an organization support League, now a member of the senting an anti-life or negative view. their campaign. Young Socialist Alliance, I would To combat this, I find myself look­ The diversity of support for the student antiwar conference represents .like to use this. letter to address my ing for a semantic "key" to unlock former comraoes. this mystique and turn it to our ad­ the real strength of the SMC. This support includes women's libera­ In the last six months disillusion­ tion . activists, Gls, veterans, unionists, Black, Chicano, Puerto Rican vantage. ment has been spreading through Would it be useful to do something and ~sian-American activists, and gay militants. The political spec­ the ranks of your party. To counter like this? We could use a phrase like trum goes from Youth for Muskie, to Young Socialists for Jenness this, your leadership has taken a the following when we refer to these and Pulley, to the International Student Movement for the UN. course of undemocratic expulsions of people in articles or speeches: The SMC plays. a key role in the student movement precisely because those who question the League's pol­ "Right-to- Control-Life people, groups, . it can unite all young people who . want to organize actions against icy toward the various mass move­ etc." The word "control" adds a def­ the war, whether they are Democrats, Republicans, Socialists,· Com­ ments. inite note of alarm and causes peo­ munists, or politically unaffiliated. This nonexclusionary character of The next few years will be ones ple to look much more closely at the SMC means that it can accomplish what none of the groups par­ of great challenge to the American who is proposing what control. The ticipating in it can accomplish alone: to give massive, visible expres­ revolutionary movement. The gov­ . "Right-to-Lifers" cannot stand objec­ sion to the demand of the majority of college and high school students ernment will be attempting to get tive scrutiny and still enjoy the posi­ the American people out of the tive position now implied by their in this country- "Out Now!" Although students have differences on streets and into the Democratic and other issues, on the war they are to a great extent united. The function clever use of a name which directly Republican parties. The antiwar, contradicts the real effect of their of the SMC should be to express this unity as a force the government feminist, gay, Black, and Chicano position on the welfare of all wom­ cannot ignore. nationalist movements have been en and children in our society. H the SMC were to give up this perspective and vote to endorse and taking on an increasingly anticapi­ Lana Clarke Phelan work for one or another of the presidential candidates, it would split talist·. nature. The government fears Long Beach, Calif. and irreparably weaken the SMC as an antiwar organization. It would these movements so much that it must employ people like George exclude all those who wanted to fight against the war but who did Male-domination not support that particular candidate. McGovern to get them out of the I am posing this question to all my It is especially urgent in 1972 that the SMC reaffirm its character streets. sisters involved in the feminist move­ · as a nonexclusive antiwar organization, not a campaign committee For years the Workers League has labeled these movements as nothing· ment, in regard to your article "Red­ for any candidate. Nixon's aim is to keep the Vietnam issue under baiting in the women's movement" the rug as much as possible while he runs for reelection. Students, but middle-class hysteria and has opposed mass action in the streets. [in the Jan. 28 Militant]. I am under who have been ·the backbone of the antiwar movement, must not allow Will you continue to oppose the the impression that our movement this to happen. mass antiwar movement for your is universal, and that it does not ex­ The answer to Nixon's phony "peace plan" is to join the tens of own narrow, sectarian rhetoric, or clude any woman on the basis of thousands who will be in the streets April 22 demanding that all U. S. will you join the American people race, background, or political affil­ military forces be pulled out of Indochina now. in their fight? iation. Though I am not a member The Workers League sees itself as of the Young Socialist Alliance or the party that will lead the future the Socialist Workers Party, I fail to revolutionary movement. What see how any Democrat or Repub­ they don't seem to understand is lican can accuse SWP of being male­ ... and exclusion that women, Chicanos, Blacks, work­ dominated when it remains the only The violation of the policy of nonexclusion at the Paris Assembly for ing people, and gays are organizing · party with a woman candidate (with the: Peace and Independence of the Indochinese Peoples held Feb. 11- now. The longer you abstain from the exception of Shirley Chisholm) 13 was a negative experience for the antiwar movement. The Indo­ their struggles, the more alienated for president and for other political chinese Solidarity Front (Front de Solidarit~ Indochlne- FSI), the you will become from the coming positions that have previously been antiwar coalition that organized the biggest antiwar actions in France American socialist revolution. held by capitalist-party males. last year, was excluded from participating in the conference, largely I joined the YSA because it was A High School Feminist Aurora, IlL due to the influence of the French Communist Party. the only youth group that was ac­ The F SI was responsible for organizing the Nov. 6 antiwar demon­ tively building movements in oppo­ strations in France, which involved some 30,000 people. These actions sition to the reactionary Democratic Micronesia and Republican parties. I say to across France were in solidarity with the demonstrations held on that I would like to know what Linda those in the Workers League who Jenness and Andrew Pulley are go­ day in 17 cities in the U.S., which were sponsored by the National are willing to struggle for a real ing to do, if elected, to Micronesia, Peace Action Coalition and the People's Coalition for Peace and Justice. change, come out of hibernation, a U. B.-protectorate group of islands We condemn the exclusion of the FSI at the international antiwar join the YSA! in the western Pacific. conference and call upon all radical and antiwar organizations in the . Mike Priddy I am a student from that area United States to repudiate this exclusionary action, which only serves College Park, Md. presently studying in the U. S. to weaken the antiwar movement. mainland, and a subcriber to The In this country we have the experience of seven years of building Militant. I really do enjoy reading the antiwar movement. It is a massive movement that can mobilize it very much. You should have more information on Micronesia. It a million people in the streets- as it did April 24, 1971-because it Angela Davis film is open to all who want to unite in action against the war. This key is a crucial issue in relation to th

6 ------~The Great Society Family plan- Ever alert to the pros­ by Brink's trucks with a moving mination for all territories and pect of squeezing a buck from new insurance proviso stipulating that no countries- including Micronesia­ developments, a company has opened more than two trucks and $1 00- that are dominated by U.S. im­ the frrst of 20 "frozen-sperm banks" million be on the street at one time. perialism. H elected, Jenness and across the nation. The service is aimed Small wonder hijackers are turning Pulley would immediately withdraw at men undergoing sterilization to shrimp and lobster. operations who may later want to all U. S. military bases from Micro­ nesia and allow the peoples of Mi­ have children. For $180, three por­ Toonful Tribute- At the Los Angeles cronesia to decide what relationship tions may be frozen and stored for Democratic Caucus meeting for George they want to have to the United 10 years. Master Charge cards wel­ McGovern, his supporters sang a States. come. campaign song that went, "Born in The Militant carried a review by South Dakota/ with strong points Tony Thomas of publications of the Worth its weight in mercury- A re­ more than quota/ look for faults, you Friends of Micronesia in our Feb. frigerator truck carrying frozen won't find one iota . . . . " 4 issue. shrimp and lobster-tails worth $40,000 was hijacked in New York. Favors aid equity- Clay Felker, pub­ New Peter Weiss play The owner of the truck said it was the lisher of New York magazine, thinks Houston as a rule gets movies or only one in his fleet of 20 not yet the new playground in Central Park, plays months after they have identified with a large number on the used mainly by children of the opened in other major cities. How­ roof for easy spotting by helicopters wealthy, is a great idea. "I'm all for ever, an exception took place last in the event of a hijacking. helping children in the ghetto," says average American eats five pounds a weekend. Peter Weiss' play Discourse Mr. Felker, "but not at the expense of year of chemical stabilizers, pre­ on the Progress of the Prolonged Dribs and drabs- The biggest problem the people who run the businesses and servatives, disinfectants, antioxidants, War of Liberatiort in Vietnam and in moving the Southern California create the jobs in this city." extenders, emulsifiers, tenderizers, the Events Leading up to it as Il­ Bank of America headquarters a few growth promoters, bleaches, sweet­ lustration of the Necessity for Armed blocks in downtown Los Angeles will A balanced American diet- According eners, conditioners, colors, and Resistance Against Oppression and be the transfer of $5-billion in to figures compiled by Senator flavors. -HARRY RING on the Attempts of the United States securities. It will be shuttled across Gaylord Nelson of Wisconsin, the of America to Destroy the Founda­ tions of Revolution, or simply Viet­ nam/Discourse, opened here before any place else in this country. The first two nights were donated to the Houston Committee Against Women: the War in Vietnam as benefit per­ formances. The two-act play deals with Viet­ nam from the 1600s to the Gulf of The Insurgent Majority Tonkin attack. The first act is Viet­ nam's history and the plight of its JUDGE DOROTHY KENYON, an outspoken fighter for abortion on demand. The 4-3 decision upheld as consti­ people facing foreign aggressors. women's rights and civil liberties, died Feb. 12 at the tutional a 1971 State Services Department order granting In the second act the nine actors age of 83. Right up to the end of her life, she campaigned Medicaid funds only for abortions that are "medically take on the roles of America's chief against the oppression of women in her capacity as a necessary." Governor Nelson Rockefeller backed the order architects of the war- Mansfield, lawyer and as a justice in the New York Municipal Court. in a move described by the Feb. 11 New York Post as Dulles, JFK, LBJ, Eisenhower, etc. In 1936, heading a study on women's courts, Kenyon "a deal with upstate abortion foes in the Legislature to -using their own words. In fact, attacked the prostitution laws for their victimization of get their support for other parts of (his) program." the intentions of the U.S. are sum­ women. She attempted to work through the United Nations Hardest hit by this new ruling will be poor women, med up succinctly in the cheer: "For in the late 1940s to establish an international treaty guar­ especially Black and Puerto Rican women. Thirty-one what, for what, for what are we anteeing women around the world equal pay for equal percent of the abortions performed for New York state trying to do? We're trying to de­ work, equal property rights, and equal political. rights. residents in the first six months of the state's reformed stroy the roots of revolution." During Senator Joe McCarthy's red-baiting rampage in law were payable by Medicaid. By giving the state power Those who have read the facts and the 1950s, Kenyon's activities with the American Civil to determine when it will cover abortion costs, the court seen the pictures depicting the Indo­ Liberties Union (ACL U) and her advocacy of women's decision undermil;tes the constitutional right of a woman china war will appreciate this living­ rights resulted in her being investigated by a Senate sub­ to choose if she will bear a child. theater form of protest against the committee. The second national conference of the Women's National war. And those who enjoyed Weiss' In recent years she became well known in the women's Abortion Action Coalition (WONAAC), held Feb. 11-13, Marat/Sade will appreciate this new liberation movement for her enthusiastic support of the voted to send telegrams of protest to Rockefeller and the play. resurgence of feminism. As early as 1965 she was fighting Court of Appeals. New York City's Health and Hospital& Mareen Jasin against the New York abortion laws. She asserted at that Corporation plans to appeal the ruling. Houston, Texas time that "For a state to force a woman to bear a child against her will is outrageous." Kenyon was one of the THE U.S. GOVERNMENT HAS 'IWO FACES WHEN first endorsers of the People to Abolish Abortion Laws IT COMES TO PROSTITUTION. Despite the legal har­ Antiwar rally rassment of prostitutes in this country, it's another ques­ On Feb. 12 there was an antiwar (PAAL) demonstration on March 28, 1970, in New York. She participated in building the August 26, 1970, Women's tion for U. S. military officials in South Vietnam. On rally here across the street from the Jan. 24 the brass opened up several bases in South Viet­ Nixon campaign headquarters, Strike, which drew 50,000 women into the streets. One of her last efforts to win women's rights- was the support nam to Vietnamese prostitutes. According to the Jan. 25 where the Republican Party was New York Times, the move was justified by the need having a campaign kick-off rally for she gave to the Nov. 20, 1971, abortion law repeal dem­ onstrations in Washington, D.C., and San Francisco. "to keep peace within the increasingly disgruntled ranks Nixon. The demonstration was of Americans still left in Vietnam." called by Vietnam Veterans Against For many years Kenyon was one of the few women -CINDY JAQUITH the War and Service People for speaking out against the sexist institutions of this society. Peace and Justic e. But as she explained in 1938, "I think I am helping women by my kind of life." As soon as the rally started, the cops said that the demonstration had to break up, even though there was SON! ROMANS WINS!- The Channelview, Texas, School a permit to demonstrate. Then the Board can no longer exclude married or divorced students cops started making arrests and from extracurricular activities. A U.S. district court ruled swinging their clubs at random on Jan. 31 against the school board's action in response and with no justification whatsoever. to a suit filed by Soni Romans, a 16-year-old junior at Of the 12 arrested, one was a GI Channelview High School. Romans went to a court after and two were high school students. her school told her she was ineligible for th.e choir, drama The demonstrators reassembled, took club, and the National Honor Society, because she is a collection for bail money, and divorced. (Presumably, married or divorced students, es­ wrote a press release protesting the pecially women, corrupt the morals of other students.) denial of their right to demonstrate. In the course of winning her victory, Romans had to Galvan Vail undergo a series of degrading hearings delving into her Manchester, N. H personal life. Attempts by school officials to intimidate her seem only to have fired her determination to win. ~~ As she is quoted in the Feb. 3-9 Space City!, "I wasn't The letters column is an open forum embarrassed. I'm not ashamed of anything I have done ·~'\''"'ltil!!l!•••c:"'''' for all viewpoints on subjects of gen­ in my life." Romans does not think of herself as a radical. l eral interest to our readers. Please "We're just telling them that t~ey can't run our lives," she says. - --·--- keep your letters brief. Where neces­ Women won seven of the eight gold medals caf> sary they will be abridged. Please in­ dicate if your name may be· used or A SETBACK FOR NEW YORK WOMEN occurred on tured by the U.S. team at the Winter Olympics. If you prefer that your initial• be used Feb. 10 when the New York State Court of Appeals ruled Above is Barbara Cochran, gold medalist in the iRs tea d. that the state can deny women Medicaid payments for women's slalom race.

THE MILITANT/MARCH 3, 1972 7 MAYO demands at the meeting in­ day care system is, how much he oftheir income for day care. cluded: Abolish the ethnic .studies pro­ cares for people. But does he care The groups involved in this struggle Chicano, gram and establish separate Chicano about the 3500 day care kids being are also fighting to extend the control and Black studies programs offering forced back out on the street?" of these centers by those who use them, Bachelor of Arts degrees; no person Representatives from the Mayor's including the right of parents to de­ Black be appointed director of the Mexican­ office (Lindsay himself was out on cide who will be hired or fired on American Studies Center without the the campaign trail) hastily met with center staffs. approval of the Chicano students and Dorothy Pitman Hughes, head of the fhere are more than four million students faculty; a recruitment program for West 80th St. Day Care Center, and working women in the United States Chicanos be reestablished under the Gangi. The city officials were forced with children under six years of age. auspices of the center; double the bud­ to make an agreement with the dem­ Present facilities care for only 640,- launch get for the center and hire more Chi­ onstrators that funds would not be 000 children, and more than a third cano professors; establish a clearing­ cut off in February and that the May­ of these spaces are in expensive pri­ house for financial aid to Chicano or would intercede with the state to vate centers. Nixon's recent veto of the students; a better bilingual education try to change its income restrictions. federal child-care bill makes it clear struggle The day-care budget for New York program. that the need for adequate child-care is By DEREK JEFFERS The student senate passed a reso­ City is $60-million. Seventy-five per­ not just limited to New York, but is a AUSTIN -A· struggle for increased lution Feb. 1 in support of the MAYO cent of this amount comes from the nationwide problem. Unless public 'admission of Chicano and Black stu­ campaign. The Chicano students are federal government, with the remain­ pressure forces Lindsay and Rocke­ dents and for Chicano and Black stud­ arranging another meeting with Spurr der divided equally between the city feller to withdraw the restrictive new ies prog-rams is rapidly growing at to discuss their demands. They are and the state. These funds finance 245 fee scale, some 3,500 children will be the University of Texas. asking that letters of support for the centers, which serve a mere 18,000 threatened with returning to the streets Of the 37,000 UT students, fewer demands be sent to President Stephen children. on March 1. The Committee intends to than 2 percent are Chicanos, and only Spurr, University of Texas, Austin, Both the federal and New York State organize more actions, involving as 1 percent are Black. (Chicanos make Texas 78712. governments have recently applied many people as possible, to ensure up 16 percent, and Blacks, 20 per­ strict income-limits on the participa­ that these centers are not closed. cent, of the Texas population.) tion of families in day-care programs. The Committee can be contacted at: The university has hardly made H parents earn more than a certain West 80th St. Day Care Program, 223 even token efforts to recruit more amount, they must pay the full cost, W. 80th St., New York, N.Y. 10024. Black or Chicano students. The two $2,700 a year, for their children's Telephone: (212) 737-3415. programs aimed at doing this have cax:e.- The state's income limits are: Day-care $6,600 for a family of two; $7,500 aided only a handful of students in the past and have now been termi­ • for a family of three; $8,500 for a nated by the board of regents. family of four; $9,200 for a family Since February 1971 UT has had groups 1n of five; and $9,900 for a' family of Injunction a program in which students could six. The limits set by the federal gov­ obtain degrees by majoring in ethnic ernment are $1,000 less than those studies with a concentration in Mex­ set by the state. N.Y. sit in In an effort to stave off a confronta­ ican-American studies. hits Cleve. At the beginning of the spring 1972 tion, Governor Rockefeller announced semester, James Roach, the dean of on Jan. 22 that the fee scale would general and comparative studies, an­ against not go into effect until March 1. He abortion nounced that such a program does said that new categories of deductions not exist. Dr. Paredes, the Mexican­ would be allowed in determining fam­ American studies director, and his as­ Lindsay py income. Rockefeller also an­ referral sistant, Jose Lim6n, resigned in pro­ nounced that he was proposing to test· of the administration's actions. By RUTHANN MILLER the federal government a plan to de­ A lawsuit was filed Jan. 25 charging NEW YORK - After months of termine eligibility for inexpensive day­ center threats, New York City's Agency for care on the basis of family residence the UT administration and board of By JEAN Y. TUSSEY Child Development finally announced in "an impoverished area," rather than regents with having "knowingly dis­ CLEVELAND- In a move calculated its decision to cut off funds to day­ on the basis of income. criminated against Blacks and Chi­ to divide and destroy pro-abortion care centers that have refused to com­ An article in the Jan. 2 3 New York canos." Plaintiffs include Chicano and forces, John T. Corrigan, prosecuting ply with the fee scale adopted by the Times made it clear that these were Black students and organizations, and attorney of Cuyahoga County, se­ state _last spring. About 50 centers merely token measures. "The Gover­ ·civil liberties groups. The suit is con­ cured a preliminary injunction Feb. that have refused to furnish income nor's office," the Times reported, "said nected with similar demands that have 7 barring the West Shore Center "and reports on the families using their ser­ it was 'unlikely' that the revised for­ been raised by Chicano students at those I'ersons in active concert or par­ vices received notice on Jan. 12 that mulas would result in a large num­ the University of Texas at El Paso. ticipation with them" from any activ­ they would get no funds for the month ber of new families qualifying for day­ The Mexican-American Youth Or­ ities regarding pregnancy termination. of February. care service, or that the revision would ganization (MAYO) secured an ap­ Common Pleas Judge Bernard In response to the city's action, the mean that more families now paying pointment with UT President Stephen Friedman, in a sweeping injunction, Committee for Community Controlled some fees would receive the service Spurr on Jan. 28 to talk about their restrained the West Shore counseling Day Care, which is a coalition of free." demand for a Mexican-American Stud­ service from doing anything related day-care groups, held a sit-in at May­ The Committee for Community Con­ ies Center. In less than a day, MAYO to abortion counseling "for compen­ or John Lindsay's campaign head­ trolled Day Care is protesting the fact built a rally outside the building where sation, direct or indirect." He did not quarters on Jan. 19. Three hundred that the prohibitive cost of the city's the meeting was being held: specifically cite the Ohio anti-abortion fifty parents, children, and day-care centers effectively keeps families above Two to three hundred students, law as a basis for his ruling, but workers from various centers in the the absurdly low income-limit-fam­ mostly Chicanos, attended the rally. stated: city participated. ilies of the working poor-from even H'omer Garcia of MAYO reminded the "The Court . . . finds as reasons for Robert Gangi, coordinator of the attempting to place their children in crowd that 10 undergraduates and the issuance of a preliminary injunc­ Committee, was quoted in the Jan. day-care centers. It also locks women two Ph. D. candidates, including Jose tion that the actions described . . . 19 New York Post as saying that . on welfare into menial jobs at mini­ Angel Gutierrez, a founder of the Crys­ contravene Section 4 7 31.34 (practice Lindsay's campaign office was chosen mal pay if they want to qualify for tal City, Texas, Raza Unida Party, of medicine] of the Revised Code of because: "the Mayor is going all over the service. A higher-paying job would were enrolled in this "nonexistent" pro­ Ohio, are inimical to the public pol­ the country saying how great the city's force them to pay more than a quarter gram. icy of the State of Ohio, and consti­ A number of students, including tute irreparable harm to the populace members of the Student Mobilization of Cuyahoga County and the State Committee and the Young Socialists of Ohio." for Jenness and Pulley, spoke at the Assistant Prosecuting Attorney John rally and expressed their support. L. Dowling, who has vigorously Placards at the rally read, "Chicano pressed the action against the West studies will live as long as there are Shore Center, failed to provide evi­ Chicanos," "Chicanas por mi Raza," dence that West Shore helped women and "Quit the gringo runaround and seeking abortions to have them in give us our center." Ohio, or by "back-alley butchers." The rally continued while 10 stu­ Rather, testimony showed that women dents were allowed to meet with Spurr. had been aided in securing legal abor­ One Chicano student reported later tions in New York. that the rally outside could be heard Defense Attorney John D. Cannell during the entire meeting. It had a has stated that Q.is clients will appeal visible effect on the administrators, the decision. he said. "You could see Spurr's hands Local activists in the women's lib­ shaking." eration movement see the action A MAYO press release issued after against West Shore as an attempt_to the meeting reported that the admin­ set a precedent for closing all abor­ istrators blamed "a bureaucratic ertor" tion counseling centers and as an ef­ for their statement that the old pro­ fort to confuse pro-abortion forces by gram did not exist. "They said that implying that "free" counseling versus the program stayed in a file and was paid counseling is the issue, rather never circulated," according to the re­ Jan. 19 sit-in by parents and children in Mayor Lindsay's than the burning need to repeal the lease. campaign headquarters. oppressive Ohio abortion laws.

8 waged by this system. others thought about it. by the British press as a victory (or The contention that Munoz had been Ricky Carnivale, president of the the miners against the Heath· Tory denied due process was so cleatly es­ 17,000-member CWA local 1101 cov­ government's incomes policy. Heat~ Munoz' tablished that the acquittal came be­ ering Manhattan, the Bronx and has insisted that no wage increase fore the political defense was unfolded. Brooklyn, issued a memo to all of­ exceed 8 percent. The miners' increase· The government's case was marked ficers and stewards to urge rejection is approximately 20 percent. draft.Hal by a combination, of political arro­ of the contract by all members. Heath called representatives of the gance and legal bungling. John T. Renck, president of CWA N UM to his Downing Street head­ ac~u1 Their case fell apart when it was local 1106 in Queens, told a mem­ quarters on February 18. This was established that on the very day his bership meeting of more than 1,000 considered a capitulation on his part, sets induction notice was being mailed out, strikers that the settlement was "a sign since he has steadfastly maintained Munoz had notified the board by tele­ of the contempt the company feels for that he would not indulge the miners precedent gram that he wished to apply for us." with a Wilson-style beer party. conscientious-objector status. Strikers feared that the settlement But the power of the British miners By HARRY RING It was further established that even will allow the company to "fire any­ was on the verge of bringing the en-. LOS ANGELES- The acquittal Feb. while arguing that Munoz had for­ one charged with a criminal offense" tire British industrial system to a total 16 of Chicano activist Rosalio Munoz feited his claim to CO status, his board tor strike activity. It was expected that halt. NUM pickets at power stations on charges stemming from his refusal had postponed his induction, granted _the company would fire several hun- throughout the country prevented the to be drafted may possibly open the him a hearing that proved to be a dred strike leaders who have been use of coal reserves, which the gov­ door for review of the cases of other farce, and then again ordered him charged with, but not convicted· of, ernment counted on to starve out the draft resisters who -like Munoz- may inducted without the right of appealing destroying company property. If the have been denied their proper rights the decision denying his CO claim. company is permitted to move in this in the Selective Service process. At the draft board hearing, which manner, it could harass and greatly Munoz, former chairman of the Na­ lasted less than half an hour, Munoz, weaken the local unions, intimi(_lating tional Chicano Moratorium Commit­ who is bilin,gual, had insisted on his thoasands. tee, had been indicted for refusal to right to testify in Spanish. This was Word went out after the vote that report for induction Nov. 18, 1969. denied, and the hearing ended. the company had agreed to a 15-day His acquittal was ordered by Federal As these facts emerged, the govern­ cooling-off period during which there Judge Warren J. Ferguson during the ment moved to reopen its case, pre­ will be no disciplinary action or fir­ ' second day of the trial while the gov­ senting added evidence and witnesses. ings. What happens after the 15 days ernment was still arguing its case. Judge Ferguson interrupted the new remains to be seen. The trial was, in many respects, a government presentation to order The settlement provides only $1 per dramatic one. It was to begin last Munoz acquitted. week more than had been negotiated year but was postponed after the then­ The judge said that there clearly last July, and this to only 5,000 of presiding judge and the government was merit to the defense contention the highest-paid workers. This was prosecutor agreed that Munoz' attor­ that the courts must consider the is­ the only ·new financial gain, although ney, Michael Tiger, was "unqualified" sue of the prejudicial character of a money was a major issue from the because he had not been admitted to selective service system that results beginning of the strike. the California bar. Last month the in Chicanos, who constitute 10 per­ The wage offer made last July in­ Miners demonstrate coal U.S. Supreme Court overturned this cent of the population, suffering 25 cluded raises of 33 percent. This was strike. percent of the war casualties. How­ rejected by all 23 locals in New York ever, he added, there was no basis State, although it was accepted nation­ strikers. The power crisis resulted in for getting to that issue in the Munoz ally. an extensive program of temporary trial since it had already been clearly The settlement allows only 10 per­ blackouts, both of residential and in­ established that he had not been ac­ cent more pay for Saturday .work. dustrial areas. corded his full right of appeal in The union was asking for time and Britain depends on coal for about claiming conscientious-objector status. a half. 75 percent of its electric power, and On leaving the courtroom, Munoz The real gain from the strike was it was estimated that if the strike had said he was, of course, happy about the new solidarity it forged among continued, the point of complete break­ the outcome. He was glad, he said, the workers. down would have been reached in to be able to continue his political The CWA won a full agency shop about two weeks. activity. He stated that he would con­ out of it, more than was asked or The government counted on public tinue his opposition to the draft a'nd expected. "The fact that' they got more opinion becoming disgusted with the to the· war, as well as his present ac­ than they asked for on this point is inconvenience (blackouts, etc.) created tivity in behalf of Chicanos facing proof that a deal was made," accord­ by the strike. But the militant action deportation to Mexico for lack of U.S. ing to Dennis Serrette, vice-president of the miners, combined with the clear documents. of Local 1101 and head of the strike justice of their case, produced no such committee. "The International will get reaction. Other unions honored the a lot more money in this way," he miners' pickets, and the British pop­ said. ulation blamed Heath, not the miners, for the blackouts. The solidarity with the strikers shown by the rest of the Gov't population prevented Heath from calling out troops to break the strike. By February 18, approximately 1,- forces 8 ·t· h 600,000 workers had been laid off because of plant closings due to lack settlement rJ IS of power or coal. With the "normal" . NY m1ne unemployment figures added in, more than 2,500,000 British workers were idle by that date. The British capital­ In . · · strikers ists were especially upset by that de­ velopment. The London Observer, for ruling and the trial began again. ~!rJE~!NE defeat example, noted in a February 20 edi­ In ordering Munoz acquitted, Judge NEW YORK, Feb. 21-A settlement T • torial: "It could conceivably become Ferguson commented on the irony of recommended by J. Curtis Counts, di- or leS common practice for postm~n or the attempt to bar Tiger from the case, rector of the Federal Mediation and teachers or any other group of ag­ saying that it was not unlikely that Conciliation Service, was accepted last From Intercontinental Press grieved people to press their claims if Munoz had not retained a lawyer week by 38,51>0 telephone workers on Leaders of the British National by applying a stranglehold on what, of Tiger's caliber, he might well have strike here since last July. Acceptance Union of Mineworkers (NUM) in this technological age, is its most been convicted. He said he has tried came after announcement that a vote reached agreement on a new contract vulnerable point [that is, the power numerous draft cases, but that in this by mail ballot was 13,769 for the con­ with the National Coal Board Feb- stations J." one, key information about Selective tract and 9,193 against. ruary 19 and urged miners to end Despite the miners' temporary over­ Service procedures that he had pre­ The outcome of the vote was ac­ their forty-one-day-old strike. The turning of the Tory government's at­ viously been ignorant of and that cepted by Joseph Beirne, president of three-man court of inquiry set up by tempt to make the workers pay for the might have influenced his rulings in the Communications Workers · of Secretary for Employment Robert crisis of British capitalism, that plan, other cases was brought to his at­ America (CWA), AFL-CIO, and Mor­ Carr on February 15 offered the under the guise of "the war against tention. ton Bahr, New York regional head miners weekly increases of £5 to sur­ inflation," will continue. Under the The defense based its case on two of the CWA. Both had approved the face workers, £6 to underground headline "Losing the battle but not essential points. The first was that method of balloting imposed by the workers, and £4.50 to face workers, the war," Alan Day wrote in the Febru­ Munoz had not been accorded due government mediator and ··had rec­ against the miners' demands of £8, ary 20 Business Observer: "The best process within the Selective Service ommended acceptance of the new con­ £9, and £5 respectively. The terms bet I can make in a very unhappy system. tract. were initially rejected by NUM ne­ and uncertain situation is that the The second was Munoz' belief-that Leaders of the 23 striking CWA lo­ gotiators, who held out for an extra miners' victory is something like the we are living under a social system cals had demanded that terms of the £1 for the lowest-paid workers, but German advance in the Ardennes in that oppresses the Chicano people, and contract be discussed and voted upon they soon reversed their position. the final months of the last war­ that as victims of cultural, political, at union meetings so that the strikers Rank-and-file voting on the pact is namely, a near-catastrophe which de­ and physical genocide, the Chicano would have an opportunity to know expected to last about one week. lays, but does not prevent, some kind people cannot participate in wars what they were accepting and what The settlement was widely regarded of victory."

THE MILITANT/MARCH 3, 1972 9 one black, one white- separate and . the F'Orest Hills development is fully unequal. . · .." · occupied, only about three percent of Right of Blacks to This is documented in the section the population will be non-white." on housing, where the report notes, Although they pointed to these facts "To date, housing programs serving to prove that the residents' fears about non-ghetto housing low-income groups have been concen­ the neighborhood being turned into trated in the ghettos.... We believe a slum were groundless, these same that federally aided low and moderate figures also demonstrate the Lindsay income housing programs must be administration's token approach to is issue in Forest Hills reoriented so that the major thrust is better housing for ghetto residents. in nonghetto areas. Public housing Another view toward the housing programs should emphasize scattered problems of Black people came to site construction.... " (p. 482) light in January with the pronounce­ And, the Report warned, "If this is ments by NEGRO, the National Eco­ not done, those programs will con­ nomic Growth and Reconstruction Or­ tinue to concentrate the most impov­ ganization. This is a reactionary erished and dependent segments of the group of Nixon-oriented Blacks head­ population into the central-city ghettos ed by Dr. Thomas W. Matthew. At where there is already a critical gap a Harlem press conference Jan.. 4, between the needs of the population Matthew announced NEGRO's oppo­ and the public resources to deal with sition to the housing project. At his them. This can only continue to com­ side was Jerry Birbach, a real estate pound the conditions of failure and agent and leader of the Forest Hills hopelessness which lead to crime, civil Residents Association, the group orga­ disorder and social disorganization." nizing the racist actions against the (p.474) project. This is the lofty aim of the plan On Jan. 6 Matthew led members of Lindsay has dubbed "scatter~site hous­ his group in occupying the offices of ing." The protesters in Forest Hills the Amsterdam News and on Jan. 12 Meeting of racist Forest Hills residents against low-income were the first manifestation of the wide­ he led an occupation of the offices of housing project. spread racist opposition to it. Under the NAACP. Despite this gangster-like the impact of this opposition, the lib­ activity, the editors of the Amsterdam By ELIZABETH JAYKO ney told Senator Buckley that the proj­ eral Mayor Lindsay began to buckle News went ahead with plans to run NEW YORK- The recent controversy ect would not be reversed. On Dec. and compromise. two articles by Matthew in reply to over the construction of a federal 9, however, White House press sec­ In December 1971 some members Bayard Rustin, a civil rights liberal, housing project in the Forest Hills retary Ronald L. Ziegler informed re­ of his administration initiated a rumor on the Forest Hills project. section of Queens raises in a funda­ porters that President Nixon had been that the buildings might be reduced Matthew couched his ·attack on Rus­ mental way the question of whether reviewing the project ever since Sen­ from 24 stories to 12, while others tin in the phraseology of Black con­ Blacks, Puerto Ricans, and other op­ ator Buckley's request. (New York suggested that future tenants be trol of the Black community. He cor­ pressed nationalities have the right Times, Dec. 10, 1971) screened. A more decisive indication rectly pointed out that unemployment, to live anywhere they choose in New Queens Congressman Benjamin S. of retreat had occurred on Nov. 23 crime, and other ghetto ills originate York City. Rosenthal and Manhattan Congress­ when the Board of Estimate, the city from the lack of such control. But he The controversy concerns the con­ man Edward I. Koch, both liberal agency that originally approved the neglected to mention his support for struction of three 24-story apartment Democrats, criticized the housing proj­ Forest Hills project in 1966, turned the racist protesters, which makes a buildings to accommodate 504 low­ ect, expressing the residents' fears down a zoning change in the Linden­ mockery of his stance on Black com­ income families and 336 elderly fam­ about "crime," and "loss of property wood section of Queens that would munity control. (Amsterdam News, ilies in a community that is over­ values" (code words for anti-Black have permitted the construction of a Jan. 15 and Jan. 22) whelmingly white, middle-class, and sentiment). Those protesting the hous­ similar low-income housing project. Lindsay uses his half-hearted sup­ Jewish. ing project received another big boost According to the Nov. 24 New York port to the Forest Hills project as an Tensions that had been building for on Feb. 15 when State Supreme Court Times, the "Board's rejection of the escape valve for doing nothing about a year exploded on the night of Nov. Justice Irving H. Saypol ruled that development it had approved twice the housing situation in the Black com­ 18, 1971, when several hundred For­ construction be halted until new hear­ before touched off astonished jubila­ munity. He, along with the authors est Hills residents staged a demon­ ings are held. tion among the 200 people from Lin­ of the government's 1968 Report of stration at the construction site. Light­ The demonstrations in Forest Hills denwood who had crowded into the the National Advisory Commission ed torches were hurled at the construc­ have brought to public attention the City Hall hearing room." on Civil Disorders, is opposed to the tion trailers by some of the demon­ city government's plans fo~ getting rid On Dec. 21 civil rights leade;s and main route to ending the miserable strators. Two days. earlier, New York of ghetto housing. The plan, inaugu­ officials led by NAACP executive di­ aousing. conditions in which Blacks Conservative-Republican Senator rated by Mayor John V. Lindsay's rector Roy Wilkins held a press con­ live - allocating substantial govern­ James L. Buckley had asked George first administration back in 1966, is ference to express their support for ment funds administered under Black Romney, the Nixon administration's clearly described in the Report of the the project. According to the Dec. 25 community control to rebuild housing secretary of housing and urban de­ National Advisory Commission on Amsterdam News, a newsweekly pub­ in the ghetto. velopment, to review the project. Civil Disorders. lished in Harlem, they stated that Support to the right of Black· and The report, which was published in "Aside from the elderly white occupants, Puerto Rican people to live in Forest ·These events, along with further 1968 after widespread upheavals in only approximately 2,000 low-income Hills must therefore be combined with, demonstrations by white Forest Hills the Black community, states on the residents will occupy the Forest Hills not counterposed to, a program of residents, thrust Forest Hills into the opening page of its summary, "Our development. Two thousand OCC\lpants Black and Puerto Rican control of the national limelight. On Nov. 22 Rom- nation is moving toward two societies, in a population of over 150,000. After Black and Puerto Rican communities.

By BILL BOYD Keaton said, "He was working with in jail. If he is released from the hos­ QUINCY, Fla., Feb. 14-Three of the state." As a result, the remaining pital, the state will again press charges Broad the Quincy Five have won a brief three do not wish to go to trial with against him.. delay in their trial here as a result a court-appointed lawyer. Keaton and Fredericks, along with of a defense motion that all prose­ The Quincy Five a.re well-known ac­ John Britt from Tallahassee, "con­ support cution witnesses be required to under­ tivists in Quincy, a town of 40,000, fessed" to the crime. They have since go an eye examination. ~his will give of which 65 percent is Black. Over retracted the "confessions" and stated the defendants two weeks to raise the the past few years, voter registration that they were beaten until they made money they need to hire a non-court­ has been a major activity for Black phony statements. Britt was able to in Fla. for appointed lawyer. activists here. prove that he was at work in Newark, The five Black men from Quincy, Despite heavy resistance from town N.J. at the time the crime took place. along with three men from nearby officials and big farmers, 45 percent Quincy Tallahassee, were arrested in January of the Black population is now reg­ All the defendants face life impris­ 1971 on charges of robbing a gro­ istered to vote. The Quincy Five, who onment or death, despite the fact that cery store and killing a customer who played a major role in this voter­ out of the more than 500 fingerprints Five happened to be a local sheriff's dep­ registration drive, were continually found at the scene of the crime, none uty. Last May, four of the eight men subjected to police harassment. match those of the defendants. No were sentenced. David Keaton was murder weapon has been produced, sentenced to death in the electric chair. Since they have been in jail, all and the owner of the grocery store John Fredericks and two of the Tal­ the defendants have been brutally has changed his testimony twice. lahassee defendants received life im­ treated by the guards. John Burns, Blacks throughout northern Florida prisonment. founder of the Concerned Community have responded with broad support Of the three remaining Quincy Five Citizen's Organization (a local Black for the defendants. Up to this point, defendants, John Burns is in a mental group primarily involved in voter reg­ activity has largely centered around hospital with charges being held in istration), has been beaten and raising funds to meet legal expenses abeyance; David Charles Smith and stabbed by guards. A heavy steel door for the five defendants from Quincy. Alfonso Figgers are awaiting trial. was slammed shut on his foot, al­ The People's Legal Defense Fund is When the men were first arrested, most severing his toe. He was denied also attempting to put public pres­ they were assigned a court-appointed medical treatment for a week, and sure on the Florida authorities to re­ lawyer through the public defenders' his toe became gangrenous and had lease them. office. Keaton and Fredericks de­ to be amputated. His lawyer had him The Quincy Five urgently needs nounced the public defender after their committed to the state mental hospital funds. Send all contributions to the trials for not showing any commit­ in Chattahoochee in an attempt to People's Legal Defense Fund, 1!l05 ment or enthusiasm for their case. protect him from the harsh treatment Melvin St., Tallahassee, Fla. 33102.

10 Black congress calls Africa liberation day By MALIK MIAH convention will come a national Black Militant forum hears MONTCLAIR, N.J.-May 27 should political caucus that might be the seed be marked on every African-American of a national Black political institu­ calendar in the country. This is the tion, a political party." leader of Attica revolt date of the first national African Lib­ While this is how Baraka may see By JOANNA MISNIK eration Day demonstration in Wash­ developments after Gary, that is not NEW YORK- In his first speaking ington, D. C., to protest the repression how the CBC looks at it. They have engagement since his release from in Zimbabwe. The action was an­ no intention of splitting from the Dem­ prison Feb. 8, Richard X Clark, a nounced and endorsed at a statewide ocratic Party. The name of their game leader of the Attica rebellion, spoke conference of the Congress of African is bolstering the image of the Demo­ to the Feb. 18 Malcolm X memorial Youth (CAY), held at Montclair State cratic Party; making any post-Gary meeting sponsored by the Lower Man­ College on Feb. 11-13. political caucus an obstacle and a hattan Militant Labor Forum. More Qwusu Sadaukai, Mwalimu (head brake on motion toward a Black than 125 people attended, including teacher) of Malcolm X Liberation Uni­ party. a number of former prisoners. versity in Greensboro, N.C., stated Baraka himself has admitted in the Clark was named by most major that the purpose of the action is "to past that a national Black political news accounts as one of the central let white people in the United States, caucus would be just a pressuring leaders left alive after the Attica mas­ Portugal, Zimbabwe, France, West device on both the Democratic and sacre. Born in New York City, he Germany, wherever they are, to let Republican parties and their national spent five years in the Navy. Shortly them know in no uncertain terms that conventions. So either he is deluding after his release from the service, he there are some people of African de­ himself with talk of a Black party, was convicted of armed robbery- a scent inside this country, inside Can­ or he is consciously deluding others. crime he says he did not commit­ adll, and in the Caribbean, that are Either way, the effect is the same­ demanding that they cease and de­ and sentenced to four years. He has cultivating the political dependence of just completed 32 months of that sen­ sist the killing of our people through­ Black people upon the Democratic tence, serving time in Sing Sing, Au­ out Southern Africa." Party. burn, Walkill, Elmira, and finally At­ The successful organization of a na­ Besides discussing the Gary con­ tica. Clark's early release had been tional Black demonstration in solidar­ vention, Baraka blasted the tactics ity with Africans struggling for na­ authorized prior to the events at At­ of ultraleftism. He also attacked some tica. tional liberation would have interna­ of the more virulent anti-nationalist Since the September 1971 massacre, tional as well as national significance. Black Democrats in Newark who have 70 inmates labeled as instigators have It would be the first national demon­ not gone along with his concept of been isolated in one cell block where stration organized by Black Ameri­ 'operational unity." they are not allowed to see anyone cans in support of Africans on the Sadaukai took up efforts by the except their attorneys. The Wyoming continent since the re-emergence of the capitalist class to co-opt the Black County Grand Jury has been investi­ Pan-African movement in the U. S. nationalist movement and direct it to­ gating the Attica rebellion since mid­ ward. reformist channels. His main December, and indictments are ex­ The conference did not mention line of fire was directed at the ad­ pected to be handed down for mur­ where the organizing center for this vocates of Black capitalism. He made der, kidnapping, or manslaughter. action will be or what materials will no mention of or reference to the moves Clark is the first to be released who Photo by Mork Satinoff be available for building it. However, of the Black Democrats. faces possible charges. In preparation Richard X Clark at N.Y. Militant Sadaukai discussed the perspective of Sadaukai also discussed his recent for the expected wave of indictments, labor Forum. saturating the Black community with trip to Tanzania and to the liberated he plans to make a vigorous speak­ hundreds of thousands of leaflets, but­ areas of Portuguese-held Mozambique. ing tour for the Attica Defense Com­ oners comes from a prison farm, and tons, and other materials. Other speakers at the conference in­ mittee. clothing is made at the wonren's pris­ More than 200 high school and col­ cluded Les Campbell (Big Black) of Rather than giving a prepared ons. The prisoners, Clark reported, lege-age youth attended the CAY con­ The East, an African-American cul­ speech, Clark opted for an hour of are well aware of being economically ference. There were four workshops. tural and educational center in Brook­ answering questions from the floor. exploited. The most important, the community lyn; David Barrett of the Newark Af­ He began by explaining that "Every "You can get any drug in the joint," organizing workshop, discussed the rican Education Alliance; and Larry prison can be Attica. It was not pre­ Clark continued. "The Man knows May 27 demonstration. Hamm, the 18-year-old member of meditated. We were pulled too tight, when I shoot I'm not concerned with Imamu Amiri Bar aka ( Leroi Jones) the Newark board of education who like a rubber band." what's going on around me. We spoke at the closing session. Baraka, introduced the resolution to place the Clark cited a list of dehumanizing formed vigilantes to get at the pushers a leader of the Committee For a Uni­ Black liberation flag in Newark conditions to which prisoners are sub­ in prison. As long as they keep you fied Newark, is one of the three tem­ schools. jected. One of these is censorship of escaping from the problem, how can porary chairmen . for the national A Northeastern regional CAY con­ personal letters and political litera­ Black political convention called for ference is slated for late March, and you get together? The most high is to ture. "I've never seen so much litera­ get involved." Gary, Ind., on March 10-12. a New York conference will be held ture dealing with Black people till I Clark's talk indicated that many of He discussed the Gary convention, in April. A national conference of the got here today. They won't let inmates the prisoners have come to understand sponsored by the Congressional Black Congress of African People, to which have anything to enhance their knowl­ the need for a revolution in this coun­ Caucus, and its possible benefits for the CAY is affiliated, is scheduled for edge." try. "A lot of the brothers said they Black people. "We hope out of this Labor Day weekend in San Diego. He reported that windows are often were Maoist, Trotskyist, or whathave opened at night in cold weather. When you. We don't designate one precise prisoners build small fires in tobacco doctrine. We took a little bit from all Argentine prisoners cans to keep warm, they are drenched ideologies to apply it here. We had with fire hoses. Prisoners sleep on met­ 39 hostages and Rockefeller sent the al slabs with a two-inch mattress. storm troopers. If we would havejust Black prisoners who will not eat pork win support in U.S. one corporation owner, all the broth­ for religious reasons often just don't A broad spectrum of support is de- fessor, Massach~setts Institute of :ech- ers would be up here talking to you. eat. Clark said the food was uncooked, The politicians came up and made veloping for the campaign to pro- nology; Josephme Hulett, Nahonal unsanitary, and frequently inedible. promises but never did a thing. Talk test the abduction and torture of Ar- Council on Household Employment; Toilet paper is handed out only once gentine dissidents and to demand free- Florynce Kennedy, attor?ey; Barbara about Democrats and Republicans­ every six weeks. Prisoners are now they got a man for all seasons. dom for all political prisoners in Ar- Roberts, M. D., a coordmator of the forced to use experimental toothpaste, gentina. The campaign was launched Women's National Abortion Action which was at one time voluntary. "We were successful- in a morbid at the end of December by the United Coalition; AI Senia, editor of the ASP A former prisoner in the audience way- because we all came together, States Committee for Justice to Latin (Albany Student Press); the Reverend reminded Clark of "Black and white white, Black, Spanish. We took the American Political Prisoners (US LA). William L. Wipfler, Latin American ice." During the hot summers, ice is position that if we had to give our Among those who have endorsed Section of the National Council ~f brought into the prison yard. Ice for lives to get the word out to people, the campaign to date are: Skip Ball, Churches; Carmen Baerga, Puerto ~~- whites is in a bucket. Ice for Blacks that was enough. H the Man snuffs contributing editor, Colorado Daily; can Socialist Party; and the Th1rd in thrown on the ground. me out now, don't sit and watch me Carl and Ann Braden, The Southern World Cinema Group. Clark likened prison to a plantation. die; step over me to get to him. One Patriot; Bert Corona, Hermandad Each prison, he said, has a special thing. he's afraid of is solidarity, and General de Trabajadores (General USLA has set the goal of obtaining item that it manufactures. At Attica, that's what we had," he concluded. Brotherhood of Workers) of Los An­ an even more extensive list of prom­ the prisoners calculated that the metal Contributions can be sent to the At­ geles; Barbara Dane, folksinger; Emile inent endorsers for a press conference shop produced a net value of $1.7- tica Defense Committee, cfo New York de Antonio, filmmaker (Point of Order projected for the middle of March. million yearly. The inmates are paid Lawyers Guild, 1 Hudson St., New and Milhouse); Jules Feiffer, cartoon­ In every area in which it hall active 25 to 35 cents a day. Food for pris- York, N.Y. 10013. ist; Ruth Gage-Colby, a coordinator supporters, USLA aims to have from of the National Peace Action Coali­ two to 15 well-known people sign tion; Mario T. Garcia, professor at cards endorsing the campaign. San Diego ·State College; and Karl To join in the effort to achieve this Lenkersdorf, professor, Antioch Col­ goal, phone or write the US LA of­ lege. fice for the necessary materials. The Other endorsers include The Root, office is located at 137 A West 14th an underground paper in Grand Rap­ St., New York, N.Y. 10011. Tele­ ids, Mich.; Richard M. Dudley, pro- phone: (212) 924-0894.

THE MILITANT/MARCH 3, 1972 11 By MICHAEL SMITH WEISSMAN: We have more than 60 pamphlets. Our growth over the last event. It's a companion volume ·to 'More radical literature is being print­ ·books and 125 pamphlets. That's few years can be accounted for by The Struggle Against Fascism in Ger­ ed and read today than at any other quite an achievement, in my opinion, the fact that our publications are rele­ many published last year and is par­ time in U.S. history. Radical books, for a radical publisher. But to give vant to radicals. ticularly useful in assessing present once hard to get in libraries, are now you some comparison, a firm like We have published a wide variety day "popular front" governments like available even in airports and bus Random House, which is · one of the of material on the student movement, Allende's Chile. stations. From prisons to classrooms, · biggest, will put out 300 new books the Indochina war, Black liberation, Another, Leon Trotsky Speaks, re- · people are seeking books relevant to in a year. The big publishers also the Chicano struggle, the colonial rev­ veals a side of Trotsky that isn't so their lives. Pathfmder Press anticipat­ buy a lot of advertising space in mag­ olution, and women's liberation. We well known to today's generation. ed this development and has become azines, so the magazine editors are have devoted our attention and re­ Trotsky was one of the great orators an _increasingly important source of more easily disposed to review their sources to these areas and have de­ of the twentieth century, perhaps ex­ radical literature. books. veloped a rich list of titles. celled only by the French socialist I recently discussed Pathfinder's cur­ Whenever an issue has stirred the Jean Jaures. The book opens with rent publication plans and the goals MILITANT: And how is Pathfinder public- from Nixon's wage freeze, to Trotsky's famous 1906 speech before it· has for future expansion with edi­ treated by reviewers? the rebellions of the prisoners. in At­ the Czarist court in defense of the tor George L. Weissman, and Louise WEISSMAN: Ordinarily, pamphlets tica or the people of Ireland-we have 1905 insurrection. It contains his Armstrong, who works in the sales are just not reviewed, and we still tried to put out a Marxist analysis speeches given on the day the Soviets department at Pathfmder's offices in have not broken into literary journals. of these events by qualified writers. took power in October of 1917 while New York City. But our new books now get reviewed he was organizer of the Red Army, almost regularly in the book-trade MILITANT: What about the "classi­ · and includes "I Stake My Life," his MILlTANT: How would you assess journals read by buyers for libraries cal" Marxist authors? stirring defense against the Moscow Pathfmder's standing? and bookstores. This is an important WEISSMAN: One of our major efforts trials. WEISSMAN: The goal of Pathfinder achievement for us. Publisher's Week­ has been to publish the writings of We have also published anthologies Press from the start was to offer to ly, for example, one of the prestigious Leon Trotsky from 1929 until his of speeches by Che Guevara, Eugene the public a list of Marxist and radi­ trade-publications, reviewed Towards death in 1940. This was his political­ Debs, James P. Cannon, Malcolm X, cal books and pamphlets. an American Socialist Revolution. ly most mature period, and we want­ Rosa Luxemburg, and W. E. B. Du­ From the response we've received They called it lucid, refreshing, and ed these works to be made available Bois. This book will be part of that in the last few years, I think we're forthright, and said that the authors, to the present generation of young •• Speaks" series. beginning to get known for our pub- who are leaders of the Socialist Work- radicals-while they are still young. Pathfinder will be publishing two

lications. I emphasize "beginning." ers Party, "offer specific constructive We've published five volumes so far, ·timely books on the Soviet Union. Pathfmder is still small, even among suggestions. for building a new po­ and another, The Writings of Leon Samizdat: Memoirs of a Bolshevik­ left-wing publishers. Monthly Review litical party that could turn the coun­ Trotsky (1933-34), will come out Leninist and Other Soviet Opposition Press brings out more titles than we try around." You can imagine our this spring. There will be 11 volumes Writings is a collection of writings _ do, and so does International Pub­ surprise when we saw that. Our first in alL that have been secretly and widely lishers. However, Pathfmder's recent small printing sold out and we had This is not simply a historical proj­ circulated, usually in typewritten fcmn, rate of growth has been very good, to reprint the book. ect, because Trotsky's -ideas are a in Russia. especially in the pamphlet field. In touchstone for an increasing number From Lenin to Stalin by Victor the last two years we sold 325,000 MILITANT: Your point then is that of present-day revolutionaries. Serge is a new edition of that first­ pamphlets. Pathfinder literature is politically rele­ hand account of the early years of Our plans for 1972 include a dozen vant. MILITANT: Do you have plans for the revolution and its subsequent de­ new books and two or three times WEISSMAN: Exactly. Relevance is a additional Trotsky titles this year? generation. It's a refutation of the as many pamphlets. key criterion for the editors in decid­ WEISSMAN: Yes, for several more. threadbare argument so often put for­ ing what to print. We're what you I'll mention two. One, The Spanish ward that Lenin and Trotsky were MILITANT: How many titles do you might call an "activist" publishing Revolution (1931-1939), contains vir­ leaders of a party whose policies auto­ have altogether? house, especially when it comes to tually all his writings on that key matically gave rise to totalitarianism.

12 Harrisburg frame-up depends on the word

MILITANT: What about Marx, tractive leaflets describing our titles. of agent-provocateur Engels, and Lenin? These are used in mailings to librar­ By LEE SMITH . book. Letters to and from Father Ber- WEISSMAN: Most of the writings of ies, professors, bookstores, and whole­ FEB. 22- The case for the prosecu- rigan passed through the prison walls the classic Marxist authors are pub­ salers. tion was opened yesterday in the gov- written in the pages of the notebook. lished by other publishers, and we ernment's frame-up trial of Father The messages also went to the FBL" MILITANT: Will professors use your distribute these works. Unfortunately, Philip Berrigan and six other anti- (Emphasis added.) titles in their classes? most of these items could do with new war activists with the initial presen- In and out of prison since 1963 and accurate introductions, bringing ARMSTRONG: Yes. The most com­ tation by U.S. Attorney William S. on charges of fraud and passing bad them up to date for the modern-day mon response of professors to our Lynch. The key feature of his open- checks, it is fairly evident that at the reader. books and pamphlets is 'Where have ing statement was its confirmation of point he encountered Berrigan, Doug- One of our major new projects is you been?' We're beginning to develop speculation that the state's case rests las had been recruited as a police precisely in this area. A couple of a reputation within academic circles fundamentally on testimony from agent. During the time he wormed as a major source of radical publica­ years ago we put out our own edition agent-provocateur Boyd F. Douglas his way into friendships with people tions, and of course, we want to con­ of the Communist Manifesto with an Jr. on the Catholic left, including some tinue this. In the last two years, some introduction by Leon Trotsky. This Father Berrigan and the other !le- of the defendants, Douglas. made up 1,200 classes have used Pathfinder gentrated more interest than we had fendants ( Eqbal Ahmad, Sister Eliz- some tall tales about himself. For ex- literature-totalling more than 40,- anticipated, and we are now making abeth McAlister, Father Neil Me- ample, according to Kifner, he told 000 books and pamphlets. arrangements to distribute some other Laughlin, Anthony Scoblick, Mary one woman he would be dead in a Marxist classics wfth special introduc­ Cain Scoblick and Father Joseph Wen- year from cancer and begged her to MILITANT: You might say you're tions. Evelyn Reed, the Marxist an­ deroth) are charged under a catch- marry him. He told many people he part of what is called the "paperback thropologist and well-known women's all conspiracy indictment with "plot- was a Vietnam veteran and "that he revolution." liberation fighter, is planning to write ting" to kidnap presidential adviser had been trained as an expert in ex- ARMSTRONG: We want to be a big Henry A. Kissinger, to bomb govern- plosives, a skill, he hinted, that might an introduction to a new edition of part of it, and I think we can be. Engels' Origin of the Family, Private ment heating units in Washington, come in handy." Last year 33 percent more Pathfinder D. C., and to destroy draft records. In his rebuttal yesterday, Clark dis- Property and the State. George literature was used on campuses than Novack, a- prominent Marxist writer Lynch charged yesterday that Ber- puted Lynch's claim that Douglas had the year before. That's a significant rigan, who has been in jail since April been "recruited" as a courier by Ber- on philosophy, is doing the same for move into this market and it points 1~70 for burning and pouring blood rigan. Douglas had offered the ser- Engels' Socialism, Utopian and Sci­ the way for one of our main areas of on draft files, acted from his cell as vice, Clark said. As the trial unfolds, entific. We hope to make the same expansion. ringleader of the defendants, who it will undoubtedly become clear that type of arrangement for three works "banded together, conspired and this is not all the agent offered. An by Lenin - Imperialism, State and MILITANT: How do you plan to do planned a series of illegal acts, the article by Lee Lockwood in the May Revolution, and Left-Wing Commu­ this? thrust of which was to disrupt gov­ nism. ARMSTRONG: Initially, we want to ernmental activities.... " Lynch in­ MILITANT: What about contempo­ get broad distribution of the new 1972 dicated that information from Doug­ rary Marxist authors? catalog of our titles. The Young So­ las led to each charge in the indict­ WEISSMAN: Land or Death: The cialist Alliance and the Socialist Work­ ment. Peasant Struggle in Peru by peasant ers Party will help out. They are or­ Who is Boyd F. Douglas Jr., the leader and revolutionary-socialist Hu­ ganizing a major campaign on cam­ government's star witness in this go Blanco will be out in the spring. puses across the country from March frame-up? He is a man who, as De­ Blanco was recently released from 7 to March 17. fense Attorney Ramsey Clark said in prison-where the book was written Professors who might use such lit­ his rebuttal yesterday, "has made ly­ -after serving eight years of a 30- erature - primarily in .the social ing a way of life." year term. Fearing his stature and sciences departments- will be visited Information on this unsavory char­ and given the catalog. For most pro­ popularity, the Peruvian generals then acter began to filter int~ the media had him deported to Mexico. fessors it will be their first introduction after the government handed down Understanding History: Marxist Es­ to Pathfinder. If they find a title that its original indictment on Jan. 12, says by George Novack is also to relates to their course they can re­ 1971. (The current indictment, super­ appear this spring. It includes an an­ quest an examination copy and then seding the original one, was handed alysis of some of the most interesting consider the title for classroom adop­ down on April 30, 1971. . It is built historical problems, such as the role tion. The volunteers who help sell our around substantially the same out­ of the individual in history. Pathfinder books give us a great boost. We landish charges, but lightens both the has published a number of titles by couldn't afford to reach out to as possible sentence facing the defendants Ernest Mandel, the European Marxist many potential customers in any other and the burden of proof placed on economist. We now have scheduled a way. More importantly, personal vis­ the government.) new book by him, The Decline of the its by people who have read our lit­ One of the more thorough accounts Dollar, which analyzes the crisis of the erature and are enthusiastic about it of Douglas' background and relation­ international monetary system. are the most effective method to get ship to the defendants appeared in As you know, Nixon's problems out our name, titles, and ideas. That's a full-page New York Times article 21, 1971, ·Life magazine discussed the something that Random House with the dollar devaluation are closely by John Kifner Feb. 21, 1971. Kif­ personal letters released by the gov­ related to his wage controls and the couldn't do. ner notes that during the time Philip ernment with the second indictment, fightthat's brewing by workers to pro­ Berrigan was in jail but his older in which Elizabeth McAlister and Fa­ tect their standard of living and their MILITANT: What titles do professors brother, Daniel, was still at large­ ther Berrigan mention the idea of a unions. In line with this, and because use most often? from late April1970 to Aug. 11, 1970 "citizen's arrest" of a policy-making ARMSTRONG: The top title is Ernest it represents an important chapter in -he was kept in the prison's maxi­ official. Mandel's Introduction to Marxist Eco­ U.S. labor history, we are publishing mum security section. "What the government did not make Farrell Dobbs' book Teamster Rebel­ nomic Theory. Last year some 3,400 In fact, in a crude attempt to flush public," Lockwood reports, "is a re­ .' lion. Dobbs was a central organizer were used in classrooms. Let me also Daniel Berrigan from hiding, author­ markable letter which Douglas him­ of the great 1934 Minneapolis strikes give you an example of an "extra­ ities treated his brother with especial self wrote to Elizabeth McAlister and which unionized that open-shop city curricular" use of the book. Last year cruelty, repeatedly putting him in "the sent to her in the same envelope with a man who had just been paroled from and helped lay the basis for the subse­ hole" (administrative segregation) for the letter from Berrigan.... quent organization of the Congress Attica came into Pathimder. He had minor rule infractions. In spite of these "According to Sister · Elizabeth," been in a political study group there of Industrial Organizations (CIO). conditions, fellow prisoner Douglas Lockwood continues, ". . . Douglas that had one copy of Mandel's book. was able to present himself to the expressed his enthusiasm for the kid­ His cell block was cut off from the MILITANT: Given your expansion, priest as a link to the outside world. napping 'plim,' saying that he was what changes are you making in your other three blocks in the prison. But "Although Father Berrigan was 'delighted' to be part of a really big he had a typewriter, so he retyped promotional and sales work? closely watched at Lewisburg- his cell action at last. . . . He then went on the entire book, and the manuscript ARMSTRONG: Our sales force was and the chapel in which he said Mass to say that he thought it was going was "circulated" into the rest of the small a few years ago, but this is were searched- his fellow convict, to be necessary to use a gun, that prison. That's samizdat, American changing. Pathfinder sales representa­ Boyd Douglas, had easy access to people would have to decide whether tives in Boston, New York, Chicago, style. him for conversations and the smug­ it should be a real gun or an imi­ the San Francisco Bay Area, and Los We also get alot of orders for our gling of notes," Kifner observes. tation, but that his preference was for Angeles- all major book buying literature on the Afro-American strug­ Enrolled at Bucknell University un­ a real one, and that he had connec­ areas- have been successful in plac­ gle. Pathfinder was one of the first der a special program, Douglas had tions in Washington, D. C., who could ing our books in retail bookstores, publishers to put out works by Mal­ a surprising amount of freedom for furnish him a weapon that could not especially those on campuses. In fact, colm X, and we continue to help get a federal prisoner. He was free to go be traced." two-thirds of our major accounts have his ideas known. Comparable, but still to Bucknell all day, six days a week. It is obvious that Douglas has "con­ been opened in the last two years. We on a smaller scale, is the increasing He kept an apartment in the town nections" in Washington, D. C., all want to continue this. We have added classroom use of titles on Chicano and stocked it with expensive clothes right. Sister Elizabeth told Lockwood a sales coordinator to our staff in nationalism and women's liberation. and liquor, he bought a new Javelin, the letter finished any notion of a New York to continue this work and We've had some large orders for La and stayed at parties as late as 10 citizen's arrest. "It was like holding we plan to consolidate a sales force Raza Unida Party in Texas by Mario p.m. something hot and horrible," she said in all the major cities. Compean and Jose Angel Gutierrez. "And," writes Kifner, "he carried a of the letter. "I could hardly even bear We have also added a person to our Evelyn Reed's Problems of Women's brown spiral-bound classroom note- to look at it." promotional department and we now Liberation is in its sixth printing and have a number of professional, at- continues to be often used.

THE MILITANT/MARCH 3, 1972 13 ·Banquet climaxes tour of N. Calif. by Jenness •72 Socialist By CECILY ASH'[ON Alameda County Board of Supervi­ and CAROLE SEIDMAN sors. ·The rally was chaired by Nat SAN FRANCISCO- During her re­ Weinstein, recent SWP candidate for cent nine-day campaign swing through mayor of San Francisco. Northern California, Linda Jenness In her remarks Jenness pointed to spoke directly to inore than 1,700 the success of her tour in Northern Campaign people at a total of 16 meetings. The California as an example of the kind extensive media coverage her tour re­ of support the SWP campaign is re­ ceived introduced socialist ideas to ceiving nationally. several hundred thousand more "It is becoming more and more clear Recently, the Socialist Workers Party per there. Thirty-eight people at the people. that all over the country our cam­ presid_ential campaign has received ex­ meeting signed up as endorsers of Highlights of the visit were a tour P.aign is being seen as the movement tensive coverage in the underground the SWP campaign. through the women's facility of the campaign, the only voice in 1972 and movement press. The following day, Camejo "got an San Francisco county jail in San Bru­ not capitulating to and not being suck­ The Feb. 11 Los Angeles Free Press excellent reception" from more than no; appearances on all the major TV ered into the two-party farce," she reprinted in full the remarks made 200 people at Kansas State College, and radio stations, including a de­ asserted. "It is also becoming clear by Linda Jenness at the Jan. 30 Open reports Jana Pellusch of the Pittsburg, bate with a member of the American that people know that what is needed Rap Session for Women held at Hol­ Kan. YSJP. Independent Party, and a special inter­ is a program that encompasses all lywood High School in Los Angeles. view on "La Raza," a TV show viewed of the movements for social cl:ange Jenness appeared on the panel along YSJP campaign teams are traveling in by an estimated 200,000 Spanish­ and leads them in an anticapitalist with Gloria Steinem and other wom­ cities and campuses throughout the speaking people in the Bay Area; and direction. That is the socialist pro- en's liberation activists. The Free country. a meeting of 60 sponsored by San gram." . Press reports that Jenness was in­ The Southwestern team will go Francisco's largest gay rights organi­ The rally program also included terrupted by applause when she said through Southern California, Arizona zation, · the Society for Individual greetings to the Jenness-Pulley cam­ that the Democratic and Republican and New Mexico. A Northwestern Rights (SIR). Twenty-four media rep­ paign from Barbara Macnab, chair­ parties "are equally responsible for team plans to tour Northern Califor­ resentatives covered the tour. woman of the Northern California the war in Vietnam, they are both nia, Oregon, Washington, Idaho, and As a result of the campaign meet­ National Women's Political Caucus, racist and sexist parties." Nevada, while a Southeastern team ings 12 people asked to join the Young and from the Reverend Tom Sanders, An article entitled " Chisholm for will cover Florida, Alabama, Louisi­ Socialist Alliance and one joined the of the New Earth Brotherhood (a President???" in the Feb. 14 Great ana, and Mississippi. · Socialist Workers Party. One hundred denomination of the Universalist Speckled Bird says that while "Shir­ The Mid-Atlantic team, which will and eighty new campaign endorsers Church). The evening was topped off ley Chisholm is operating strictly by begin its campaigning in late Febru­ were signed up, including 40 at a by the performance of several satirical the rules of partisan politics," Linda ary, plans to visit Western New York University of California at Berkeley skits lampooning the capitalist can­ Jenness "is using the campaign toed­ State, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and meeting attended by 300 people. didates, especially Nixon. ucate people to the wider issues of West Virginia. A Midwest team, to The tour concluded in high spirits The enthusiasm of the audience at who controls this country and what go through Miss~uri, Kansas, Ne­ at a Feb. 19 campaign banquet and the rally was illustrated by the re­ they're doing." braska, and Iowa, will start its tour rally attended by 175 supporters. A sults of a collection- taken after an A recent issue of the Crystal City in early March. gourmet dinner was prepared by appeal from Nancy Mackler-which News (Bowling Green, Ohio) reprints If you wouid like one of the YSJP Chefs for Jenness and Pulley under netted approximately $1,000 for the part of a statement by Women for teams to visit your campus or neigh­ the skillful guidance of chef Paul Mon­ campaign. In addition to this figure, Jenness and Pulley, urging women to borhood, contact the SWP national tauk. Speakers at the rally, in addition $1,839 had previously been raised endorse the campaign and outlining campaign office. to Jenness, included Ken Miliner, SWP during the tour through collections the SWP platform on women's libera­ candidate for the Seventh Congres­ at meetings, and an additional $1,275 tion. John Miles of the Washington, D. C., sional District seat currently held by was raised in honorariums. Several And the Feb. 4 Free Medicine Rally Young Socialists for Jenness and Pul­ Ronald Dellums; Brenda Brdar, the sizable contributions were also r-e­ (Flint, Mich.) reprints excerpts from ley, was narrowly defeated 170 to 140 SWP candidate for the Sixteenth As­ ceived from individuals who did not Andrew Pulley's Dec. 30 speech to in the Feb. 2 election for sophomore­ sembly District; and Sandy Knoll, attend any of the public campaign the Young Socialist Alliance's nation­ class president at Woodrow Wilson .SWP candidate for the Fifth District activities. al convention in Houston. High School. His campaign was en­ thusiastically received by the students, The Feb. 16 issue of The Advocate, 15 of whom joined the YSJP as a Pulley wins support of a Los Angeles-based gay newspaper, result of the campaign. reports: "The Socialist Workers Party (SWP) Bill Kiezel, writing in the February is taking gay civil rights issues onto Labor Temple News (UAW Local Arab students in D.C. college campuses and into high 1364, Fremont, Calif.) calls for "an By CALVIN GODDARD all-Black school, Pulley and Joe Miles, schools in three West Coast and six emergency congress of labor ••• to WASHINGTON, D. C.- The first leg a founder of Fort Jackson Gls United East Coast states during February fight inflation and unemployment." He of Andrew Pulley's two-week cam­ Against the War, spoke to 140 stu­ in the course of pushing their presi­ writes, "The bi-partisan wage-freeze paign tour of the Washington, D. C.­ dents. dential and vice-presidential candi­ -supported by every politico from Virginia area was highlighted by a Mter a meeting at Palestine House, dates, Linda Jenness, 30, and Andrew Goldwater to McGovern- shows that very successful campaign banquet on a political center for Arab students Pulley, 20•.•• Republican and Demo eratic office seek­ Feb. 19. Despite a heavy snowfall, in Washington, five people signed up "The SWP appears to be the only ers, who are glad to accept our votes 55 people attended and heard speeches as endorsers of the campaign. Pulley political organization that projects and financial contributions, line up by the SWP vice-presidential candi­ also spoke at a meeting of the Con­ gay civil rights prominently in most with the employers in every pinch•••• date; Herman Fagg, SWP candidate cerned Officers Movement, an antiwar of its campaign literature•••• " (Union members) should consider the for D. C. nonvoting delegate to Con­ military organization. The discussion ideas of independent candidates who gress; and others. More than $800 after his talk lasted tw.o hours. Three During the week ending Feb. 17, the oppose the freeze like Linda Jenness was pledged to the campaign, includ­ of the antiwar officers endorsed the SWP national campaign office received and Andrew Pulley. You may not ing $50 that was given by a group campaign and bought Militant sub­ signed endorsement cards from 521 agree with everything these Socialist of Arab students. One high school scriptions. supporters, more than in any previous candidates say, but they never froze student asked to join the YSA. week. Afro-Americans for Jenness and our wages, they defend our right to During a busy week of campaign­ Pulley was also interviewed by Unit­ Pulley made up the largest category strike, they mean business about get­ ing, meetings were held for Pulley ed Press International and by the stu­ of new endorsers for the week with ting out of Vietnam and they wouldn't at Maryland University, where he was dent newspaper at Howard Univer­ 166. So far the total number of en­ touch either big business party with a interviewed by the campus paper and sity. Honorariums from Pulley's dorsements is 4,357. ten-foot pole. Also they don't talk out radio station, and at McFarland Ju­ speaking engagements have totaled Militant readers in Wyoming, South of both sides of their mouths. That nior High School. At McFarland, an $950 so far during the tour. Dakota, and Delaware are urged to in itself is enough to make them worth endorse the campaign. These are the looking into." only three states where there are no endorsers of the Jenness-Pulley ticket A supporter from Columbia, Mo., yet. writes, "if the SWP candidates are on the ballot in Missouri, I will vote for Now available from the SWP national them," campaign office is "Socialist Cam­ Campaign supporters will begin pe­ paign in the News," issue number 2, titioning in Missouri in late April to a four-page, printed brochure contain­ put the names of presidential electors ing highlights of the press coverage on the ballot there. A minimum of received by. Jenness and Pulley in the 18,000 signatures must be obtained. last few months. Missourians who would like to parti­ cipate in this effort should get in touch Peter Camejo, national chairman of with the national campaign office. the Socialist Workers campaign com­ mittee, spoke to more than 125 peo­ Address all correspondence to: Social­ ple at the University of Colorado in ist Workers Campaign, 706 Broad­ Boulder on Feb. 8. The meeting re­ way, Eighth Floor, New York, N.Y. Photo by Wolter lippmonn ceived front-page coverage in the 10003. Harry Ring, head of The Militant's Southwest Bureau, addressed Los Colorado Daily, the student newspa- -STEVE BEREN Angeles SWP campaign banquet Feb. 5.

14 YSJP Socialist Gl runs for CongreSS By SUSAN LAMONT Wattenmaker, 23, has been a staff that such activity allegedly violates leaders SAN ANTONIO, Feb. 15-Pfc. Steven mem her of Your Military Left, a G I Article 600-20. Wattenmaker, a socialist GI stationed antiwar paper, and has worked with The SWP intends to fight this denial at Fort Sam Houston in San Antonio, the GI Coordinating Committee while ()f Wattenmaker's democratic rights debate was threatened with court-martial if at Fort Sam Houston. He helped build and to mobilize support for his right he appeared at a press conference here GI actions against the war in Viet­ to campaign. The GI antiwar move­ today to announce his candidacy for nam in the fall of 1971 and chaired ment in Texas has a long history young U.S. Congress. Wattenmaker is run­ the Nov. 6, 1971, Houston antiwar of organizing to force recognition of ning from the Twentieth Congression­ demonstration. the constitutional right of Gis to op­ al District, on the Socialist Workers Last spring, while on the staff of pose the war while in the armed ser­ Party ticket. The press conference took the New York Student Mobilization vices. Wattenmaker's campaign will Dems place as scheduled, without Watten­ By STEPHEN BLOOM Committee (SMC), Wattenmaker was bring the question of the right of Gis · maker, and was widely covered on Two national coordinators of the inducted into the Army. At that time to run for public office to people TV and radio. Young Socialists for Jenness and Pul­ he informed the military that he would throughout Texas, especially to the ley, Tom Vernier and Laura Miller, continue to exercise his constitutional thousands of men and women in the right to oppose the war while in the hav-e been challenging representatives armed forces. Already there is broad army. of the two capitalist parties on the support for the concept that Gis and question of how young people can In early February of this year, Wat­ all other federal employees have these be most effective during the 1972 elec­ tenmaker agreed to accept the nom­ rights and that regulations to the con­ tions. ination of the SWP. He did so with­ trary are unconstitutional and should out any direct or indirect solicitation At Stanford University in Califor­ be abolished. of the candidacy on his part. Such nia, Vernier's debate with Larry Dia­ Wattenmaker has written a letter to solicitation is prohibited by Article mond, an organizer of the National his commanding officer, with a copy 600-20 of Army regulations. Youth Caucus, was carried on the to the Judge Advocate's Office, stating On Feb. 14, the day before he campus radio station. Vernier also that he has accepted the nomination planned to announce his campaign spoke at the Militant Labor Forum of the SWP for the Twentieth Con­ to the news media, Wattenmaker was in San Francisco, along with Michael gressional District race. His letter re­ summoned to appear before his com­ quests permission to actively cam­ Thayler, California youth coordina­ manding officer, Captain Paul R. Mei­ paign for that office, with the under­ tor of the Eugene McCarthy campaign; nardus. After consultation with the standing that he would not campaign Terry Friedman, former president of Judge Advocate's Office, Meinardus while on duty nor would he allow his" the California Young Democrats, rep­ Pfc. Steven Wattenmaker speaking told W attenmaker he would face a campaign to interfere with the exer­ resenting McGovern; and Howard at Gl antiwar rally in San Antonio, general court-martial if he appeared cise of his normal military duties. He Vickery,. a youth coordinator for the Aug. 6, 1971. at the press conference, on the basis has yet to receive a reply. Muskie campaign. The two meetings were attended by 40 and 85 people respectively, and several new endorsers for Jenness and Pulley were obtained. At the Militant Texas; Calif. launch campaigns Forum, despite the differences among In recent weeks the Socialist Workers sional District; Richard Finkel, 18th the participants, all endorsed the idea Party has launched new campaigns C. D.; Evelyn Sell, State Board of Ed­ for local and statewide office in Cali­ ucation; Mareen Jasin, County Com­ Channel 11 TV in Durham, N.H., fornia and Texas, bringing the total missioner, Precinct 3; David Rossi, will broadcast a videotape of the number of candidates running on the State Representative, District 86. SWP ticket to 68. SWP localcampaigns Jan. 15 debate between Linda Jen­ are now in progress in 14 states- Il­ California: Susan Vass, 5th C. D.; ness and Representative Paul Mc­ linois, Minnesota, Oregon, Georgia, Dean Reed, 17th C. D.; Peggy Bunn, Closkey, candidate for the Repub­ Michigan, New York, Massachusetts, 6th C. D.; Brenda Brdar, 16th As­ lican Party presidential nomina­ Washington, Texas, California, Colo­ sembly District; Sandy Knoll, 5th Dis­ tion, at 7:30 p.m. on March 2, rado, Florida, Pennsylvania, and trict Alameda County Board of Super­ and at 3 p. m. and 6:30 p.m. on Ohio- and in the District of Colum­ visors; Laura Moorhead, 37th C. D.; March 3. bia. Mariana.. Hernandez, 30th C. D.; Bon­ The following are new candidates: nie Aptekar, 28th C. D.; Dennis Scarla, Texas: Richard Garcia, U. S. Senate; of organizing "Choice '72" referen­ 19th C. D.; Carole Newcomb, 26th C. Steven W attenmaker, 20th Congres- D., Don Bechler, 21st C. D. dums in the high schools and col­ leges in California. During his tour through Los An­ geles, Vernier was able to debate rep­ Jenness attacks· Democrats' resentatives of the Chisholm and Mc­ Closkey campaigns. Miller has also debated several sup­ porters of the liberal Democrats. While compromise on rights bill in Houston, she debated Rick Fine, [On Feb. 22, after five weeks of de­ governments to comply with Title VII not pass off responsibility for this a McGovern supporter at the Univer­ bate, the U.S. Senate adopted a bill of the Civil Rights Act. However, weakened bill to Nixon and the Dixie­ sity of Houston, and in Austin she that would give the Equal Employ­ under this bill suits against discrimina­ crats. It is precisely these "liberal" sen­ debated Dan Boyd, president of the ment Opportunity Commission tion by government employers can ators who <;>fferred a compromise in University of Texas Young Demo­ (EEOC) power to take employers and o rily be initiated by the U. S. attorney or~r to pass the bill! Their cynical crats. unions charged with job discrimina­ general, not by the EEOC. action shows that they have no in­ In addition to the debates, the YSJP tion to federal court. However, on [On Feb. 23 Linda Jemiess, Socialist terest in enforcing Title VII of the coordinators have been whining large Feb. 15 the Senate defeated a strong­ Workers Party candidate for president, Civil Rights Act. Rather, they side numbers of new supporters to the SWP er provision that would have given issued the following statement con­ with the corporations, who doubly ex­ 1972 campaign through campus meet­ the commission the power to issue demning the Senate's failure to give ploit women and the oppressed na­ ings, meetings with YSJP groups, and "cease and desist" orders-that is, the full enforcement powers to the EEOC.] tionalities. interviews and articles in newspapers, power to order an immediate halt to In addition, it was the Southern and on TV and radio. In Huntsville, discrimination without the need for The Seriate's refusal to pass a bill Democrats who filibustered in the Sen­ Texas, Miller spoke to more than 75 costly and time-consuming court giving cease-and-desist powers to the ate to prevent passage of a bill giving people. Sixteen campaign endorsers suits. Equal Employment Opportunity Com­ the EEOC cease-and-desist powers. were obtained and three Militant sub­ [The defeat of this stronger provi­ mission represents a setback for wom­ Thus the Democratic Party, which scriptions were sold. In addition, 16 sion was a compromise between ''lib­ en, Blacks, Chicanos, and all others claims to represent working people people attended a "join-the-YSA" meet­ eral" senators, and the Dixiecrats who face job discrimination in this and Blacks in this country, spear­ ing afterwards and are planning to backed by President Nixon. country. headed the move to capitulate to Nix­ set up a local of the Young Socialist [The EEOC, which was originally The denial of equal job opportunit­ on and kill the stronger enforcement Alliance. At Lamar State College of established to mediate violations of ies to women and the oppressed na­ provision. Technology in Beaumont, Texas, 12 Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights tionalities is of such magnitude that Equally revealing is the fact that people endorsed the campaign and Act, has never had any enforcement in fiscal year 1971, 22,920 charges several of my opponents in the presi­ two asked to join the YSA. powers. It can orily try to convince were filed with the EEOC against em­ dential race- including Democratic Miller helped organize a YSJP group employers to stop discriminating. ployers. The number is expected to senators Muskie, Humphrey, Jackson, at the University of Kentucky in Lex­ [The measure passed by the Senate climb to 32,000 in 1972. These fig­ and Hartke- didn't even bother to ington. In Louisville, she met with also included a watered-down pro­ ures show the extent of the discrimina­ show up for the session where the YSJPers from Moore High School who vision to widen the jurisdiction of the tion by U.S. employers and underline amendments to weaken the bill were expect to organize a recognized YSJP EEOC. At present, the commission is the fact that such discrimination is ari passed, despite their claims to be sup­ chapter at their school. These YSJPers limited to jurisdiction in cases involv­ integral part of the capitalist system. porters of civil rights. .. will be able to help with the petition ing firms with 25 or more employ­ The weakened bill passed by the As candidates of the Socialist Work~ drive, which will start soon, to put ees and unions with 25 or more mem­ Senate Feb. 22 means that challenges ers Party, Andrew Pulley and I will . the SWP on the ballot in Kentucky. bers. The bill passed by the Senate to employment discrimination must campaign for granting full enforce­ An active YSJP chapter was orga­ reduces the number to 15, but the take the time-consuming route of the ment powers to the EEOC. In addi­ nized at Antioch College during an original bill would have lowered the federal courts- at the expense of the tion, we are against any special pro­ earlier stop on Miller's tour. Three number to eight. plaintiff, who is usually without the visions making it more difficult to of the YSJPers there have since asked [The bill adopted would for the first necess!\ry financial resources. force goveril.ment employers to com­ to-join the YSA. time require local, state, and federal So-called ''liberals" in the Senate can- ply with Title VII.

THE MILITANT/MARCH 3, 1972 15 I Communist Party-convention: Fink 'defeat Nixon,' build t~e CP testifies in By JOEL BRITTON The rally protested the exclusion by didate saying something." What Hall NEW YORK- The Communist Party the State Department of many who had to say dealt mostly with "the dan- Soledad USA has concluded its twentieth na- had been invited to attend the con- ger to world peace" inherent in Nix- tiona! convention, the first in three vention. on's trip to China. The "danger" years. The four-day meeting in New Figueroa brought greetings from the. comes, according to Hall, not from frame-up York, Feb. 18-21, set "the defeat of "160,000 members of the Communist the likelihood that Mao will consider By NORTON SANDLER Nixon" as the top priority for 1972. Party" of Chile and spoke glowingly reaching an agreement to betray the SAN FRANCISCO, Feb. 15- The To further this goal, which means of the popular-front government of Indochinese liberation fighters, but prosecution has rested its case in the electing a Democrat, the CP's cam- "Comrade Salvador Allende." from the objective shared by the U.S. murder trial of Soledad Brothers John paign for Gus Hall and Jarvis Ty- CP youth leader Mike Zagarell had and China of combatting a mutual Cluchette and Fleeta Drumgo. ner for president and vice-president attended the Versailles peace confer- "obstacle," the Soviet Union. As prosecutors Ed Barnes and Wil­ is to be stepped up, and "left and right Hall was echoing the draft theses liam Curtis unraveled the state's case, opportunism" are to be combatted. The following ·telegram was sent on which he had given a three-hour it became obvious that the entire According to accounts in the Feb. Feb. 18 to Communist Party presi- report the first day of the convention. frame-up was originally constructed 19 and Feb. 22 issues of the Daily dential candidate Gus Hall from The theses attack Maoism and Trot- to railroad George Jackson to the gas World, a newspaper reflecting the · skyism as forms of "left opportunism," chamber. Since Jacl,.tson was shot to views of the Communist Party, 254 Linda Jenness and Andrew Pulley, ''ideological trends which profess to death by San Quentin prison guards delegates and "several score visitors" Socialist Workers Party candidates be socialist and anti-imperialist but last Aug. 21- a few days before the from 36 states and the District of Col- for president and vice-president. are at the same time anti-Communist scheduled opening of the. trial- the umbia attended the convention. Ac­ and anti-Soviet." The attacks on Trot­ state has attempted to rapidly recon­ We join with you in vigorously cording to the Feb. 22 Daily World, skyism are made because we oppose struct the frame-up to give more "The credentials report indicated that protesting the State Department the CP's support to Democratic Party prominence to Cluchette and Drumgo. 34 percent of the delegates were under decision to deny visas to invited candidates as well as Moscow's peace­ Most of the testimony provided has 30 years. of age. And 58 percent of guests to your convention. The Nix­ ful-coexistence policies. focused on Jackson's alleged involve­ the delegates were under 50 years of The CP convention took place five on ment in the Jan. 16, 19691 death of age. [This means, of course, that 42 administration has repeatedly and a half months after the announce­ barred from this country those prison guard John Mills on the third percent were over 50.] ment of the Hall-Tyner ticket, and was tier of "Y" wing of Soledad prison. from "Black, Chicano, and Puerto Rican whose views it wants to keep said to constitute "the national open­ But one inconsistency after another delegates were 33 percent of the total. being heard. A recent instance is ing" of the campaign. However, no has riddled the stories of the state's "Women were 30 percent." the case of Ernest Mandel, now be­ campaign literature or buttons were witnesses. Delegates who were trade unionists fore the Supreme Court. These un­ available at the public rally. The testimony of former Soledad The CP's r-eformist "three prong" were said to number 123. Two dele­ constitutional actions of the gov­ gates were high school students, and election policy was spelled out for del­ 15 were college students. ernment must be opposed by all egates by Hall and reported in the An "international solidarity rally" on defenders of civil liberties. Feb. 19 Daily World. Conjuring up Feb. 19 was open to the public and the specter of reaction, Hall stated drew about 1,000 people, most of ence the weekend before the. CP con­ that "the nation is on a very danger­ whom were older, but a sizable mi­ vention and brought greetings from ous reactionary course." Nixon is said nority were youth. the Vietnamese Workers. Party (CP of to .represent "the reactionary fascist The rally was to have heard from North Vietnam). Zagarell spoke in danger." This is done to scare the a number of CP co-thinkers from other generalities about the need to oppose innocent into believing things are so countries, but the only one who spoke the war in Indochina and force Nixon bad that there is no alternative to was Luis Figueroa, a Chilean sena­ to set the date for U. S. withdrawal. supporting a lesser-evil Democrat, tor and head of the United Federation Jarvis Tyner and Gus Hall were the meaning virtually any Democrat. of Labor. Other observers present featured speakers at the Feb. 19 rally. How the three prongs become one were from Canada and Puerto Rico. Hall was introduced as "the only can- Continued on page 22 Nixon,Muskie,McGovern, Fleeta Drumgo Photo by lNS Hartke, Ashbrook, McCloskey, inmate Manuel Green is a perfect ex­ ample. Green, a self-proclaimed "snitch" who is now on parole, was initially scheduled to testify for the .Chisholm.MCCarthyj Jackson, state against Jackson. However, after representatives of the district attor­ ney's office visited him, he changed Yorty, Mills,Wallace, Humphrey his story. In testimony last Novem­ ber-a mere 22 months after the events in Soledad- he stated that Clu­ chette and Drumgo were on the tier &Lindsay will all cam~ign in of "Y'' wing at the time of Mills' death. Although a dozen witnesses were pa­ raded to the stand by the prosecution, only one claimed Cluchette was in­ New Hampshire and Florida volved in Mills' death. Due to the lack of evidence the pros­ ecutors have attempted to cap.italize between now and March ·14. on statements that might make it ap­ pear to the all-white jury that Cluchette and Drumgo are violent men. A series of prison guards testified that Drumgo had threatened them. At one point, the prosecutors produced an old note from Drumgo's prison file that sup­ posedly contains a threat directed at a particular guard. It now seems ev­ ident that the note was the sole basis for .the original indictment of Drumgo at a time when prison officials were · feverishly searching for scapegoats to So will Linda Jenness! stand trial along with their primary The Jenness-Pulley campaign will be in the center of the battle in all the presidential target, George Jackson. primary states. But we need your contributions to do it. The prosecution has been aided dai­ ly by rulings from Judge Spiro Va­ (Clip and mail to 1972 SWP Campaign Committee, 706 Broadway, Eighth Floor, New York, N.Y. vuris, who has persistently sought to --~------·10003) rush the proceedings along. In the ( ) Enclosed is my contribution of $ _. process, Judge Vavuris has seriously ( ) I pledge t<_? contribute $ per month until the election. limited the amount of time that de­ fense counsels Richard Silver and Name------~--~ Address ______Floyd Silliman could spend on cross­ City State ______Zip ______examination.

16 crushing of the San Francisco ·State strike in January 1969 is probably the most significant reason for the lull that now exists on that campus. Use of concessions However, while continuing to use repression and the threat of victimiza­ tion, since May 1970 the overwhelm­ ing majority of college administrators have relied much more on a conscious policy of attempting to avoid confron­ tations by granting concessions. Of­ ten, these are concessions they strong­ ly opposed only a few years ago. For example, as a result of battles for Black and Chicano studies pro­ grams waged during the campus up­ surge a couple of years ago, many schools are now granting such pro­ grams, as well as women's studies programs, with a minimum of pres­ sure. They have decided that this costs them less than provoking mass strug­ gles. The funding of radical organizations through student governments is also a common practice today. For in­ stance, the University of California at Berkeley women's liberation group was given a budget of over $10,000 in 1971. On many campuses gay lib­ eration organizations have been char­ Rally at San Francisco State College during the massive strike there in 1968-1969. tered with little or no fight. Also, many Today the campus is quiet. of the most galling restrictions and By DAVE FRANKEL was seven years ago,' Bellah said, leftists to propose any adequate pro­ aspects of campus life have been re­ In an article in the Dec. 24, 1971, 'so we are not back to the 1950s. gram or direction for the student move­ moved or toned down as a, result Militant Frank Boehm refutes mass­ "'I have spoken on a good many ment during May led to their complete of the student upsurge of the late media commentators who contend that campuses recently and I would say isolation. 1960s. The easing or removal of dress radical consciousness among students the number of young people who be­ Students had good reason to reject codes and dormitory restrictions, and is subsiding and college campuses are lieve in the American free enterprise the course advocated by the ultraleft­ free speech gains such as the right to returning to the apathy of the 1950s. system is almost a vanishing breed.'" ists. The experience of literally hun­ leaflet and have literature tables and There is, however, another important The conclusions of Trombley and dreds of campus struggles in 1968 speakers are examples of some ofthese aspect to the current situation in the Leggett- that the campuses are rela­ and 1969, many of which were charac­ changes. student movement. Since the antiwar tively quiet right now, but that recep­ terized by relatively small groups of No analysis of the student move­ upsurge of May 1970 there has been tivity to radical ideas is quite high­ students occupying buildings, con­ ment would be complete without dis­ a visible decrease in the number of are supported by the growth of some fronting the police, or smashing or cussing the role of Black students. large-scale struggles on college cam­ radical youth organizations, including burning property, amply demonstrated Since the days of the early civil rights puses compared to the period of 1968- the Young Socialist Alliance, the suc­ the ineffectiveness of these tactics. Most movement, students were inspired by 1970. cess of The Militant's subscription often, instead of sparking a mass up­ the Black struggle. Its tactics, such as sit-ins, were emulated by the stu­ This article does not pretend to be drive last fall, the general increase in surge, they led to the isolation of rad­ an exhaustive study of this question; sales of radical literature, and the wide icals from the masses of students who dent movement, and Black organiza­ tions on campus played a central role rather, it is a first attempt at such an interest shown by students in the 1972 were becoming receptive to new ideas in initiating many of the big campus analysis. Hopefully, it will encourage Socialist Workers Party election cam­ and willing to engage in activity. battles. This was the case in the strug­ a response from readers of The Mili­ paign. But why is there a lull in ac­ Moreover, the ultraleftists often led gles for Black studies programs con­ tant on their observations that will tivity? people into needless victimizations. trolled by the Black students and .com­ help establish more exactly some of While there can be little doubt that When ultraleftists assumed the lead­ the trends on the campuses. Nixon's "Vietnamization" maneuver ership of mass struggles it was gener­ munity at San Francisco State in 1968 and 1969 and at the University of Recently, two articles have appeared has had a significant impact on the ally in situations where large num­ that are useful in this discussion. Writ­ student antiwar movement, there are bers of angry students were respond­ Wisconsin at Madison in 1969, -and in the fight for open admissions at ing in the Jan. 30 New York Times additional important factors affecting ing to the brutality of the police, as in New York's City College in 1969. Magazine, John Leggett discusses his the current situation on the campuses, the famous Columbia strike in the observations at the University of Iowa. beginning with the previous expe­ spring of 1968. Also, many campus actions that were · He indicates that "The silence in town riences of the student movement. The futility of ultraleft tactics and not directly initiated by Black students is such that casual observers size up May 1970 represented the high point the frustration they bred led some peo­ involved demands raised by the Black the mood as a new campus apathy of the student movement in the United ple to resort to individual acts of ter­ struggle or resulted from the racist and suggest it is a return to the po- States. Hundreds of campuses across rorism. The tragic explosion in the practices of the universities, as in the - litical indifference of the nineteen-fifties the country went out on a spontaneous New York townhouse in March 1970 Columbia strike in 1968. - but it is not that at all. student strike involving literally mil­ and the bombing at the University of However, over the last two years "The radicals are few," Leggett con­ lions of people. Students in many Wisconsin at Madison in August 1970 there has been a withdrawal from po­ tinues, "a scarcely discernible number schools took over campus facilities during which an antiwar graduate­ litical activity on the part of many in so large a state school as this one, and used them for organizing the anti­ student was killed, further confirmed Black organizations and students on and some of them have only a tenu­ war movement. While the student students in their rejection ofthiscourse. campuses. One reason for this, in ad­ 'ous relationship to the university. Yet movement was not defeated in May Others who had looked to the ultra­ dition to those having to do specifical­ their effect on student thought is con­ 1970- and in fact won significant vic­ leftists simply dropped out, many turn­ ly with the Black struggle, is that there siderable." tories that helped force an early end ing to drugs or joining various types has been a concerted effort to buy off He goes on to point out a very ex­ to the invasion of Cambodia, forced of utopian communes. Unfortunately, the developing Black leaders on the tensive-interest in the women's libera­ ROTC off many campuses, and won most students had identified militant campuses. Government-financed "self­ tion movement on the campus and greater use of university resources and struggle on the campuses with ultra­ help" projects, financial dependence of comments that "If the active revolu­ greater freedom to operate than ever leftism and tended to reject the two a high percentage of Black students tion is over, the theoretical one is before- it was unable to end the war together. on scholarships, and offers oflucrative surely not. History professors notice or achieve any basic change in the so­ Students for a Democratic Society posts within Black studies programs that their brightest students are M~rx­ ciety as a whole. The mobilization of ( SDS) was one of the casualties of the. and poverty programs have all been ist and that their teaching assistants the students could have helped to rejection of ultraleftism by the students. used to sidetrack Black students from make up reading lists heavy with spark a reciprocal movement among SDS, just as the other ultraleftists, was political struggle. Fanon, Cleaver and Debray." the working class and the Black com­ unable to see that the student move­ One example of the magnitude of A sociologist teaching at the Uni­ munity (such as occurred in France ment was a force that, although it this effort was the announcement in versity of California at Berkeley is in May-June 1968), but this didn't could not change society on its own, June 1971 that the Ford Foundation quoted in a similar vein in an article happen. could help in the organization of other was allocating $3.1-million for schol­ by William Trombley in the Jan. 28 Once this possibility of a broader sectors of society and the transmission arships for Black and Raza students. Los Angeles Times. Trombley writes: struggle was closed off, a downturn of radical ideas to masses of people. This was followed four months later "Professor Bellah believes that Presi­ was inevitable. The daily meetings, It was in this context, with no au­ by the announcement of a $100-mil­ dent Nixon has skillfully defused the leafletting, political discussions, and thoritative radical leadership of suf­ lion Ford Foundation program for student protest movementbywithdraw­ other forms of activity were conducted ficient size and influence to ·fill the Black colleges and students. It would ing most American combat soldiers at a pace that could not be maintained , vacuum created by the break-up of seem reasonable to suppose that this from Vietnam and sharply reducing over a long period of time. SDS, that the intervention of the cap­ has had some effect on the student draft calls, but he does not believe italist class and its agencies had a sig­ movement as a whole, particularly in students, even if temporarily peaceful Role of ultraleftism nificant effect. Some students were the context of high unemployment. and studious, are pleased with Amer­ Another aspect of the lull is the dis­ simply intimidated by victimizations . ican life. enchantment with the ultraleftism that such as the expulsion and suspension Capitalist parties "'The percentage of students who had been widespread in the student of radical students from school, fines In addition to all this, there was a are. deeply alienated with the central movement. Ultraleftism was already and. jail terms, and the beatings in­ major effort following the May up- · values and meaning of American so­ beginning to wane prior to the .May flicted on demonstrators, such as those surge, and in fact while it was still r.iety is probably much higher than it upsurge, and the inability of the ultra- at Columbia in 1968. The brutal Continued on poge 22

THE MILITANT/MARCH 3~ 1972 17 the right 'to ·have an election to de­ polluters- unless their thrill comes Translating the latter factor, Lawrence termine the new sole bargaining agent from living dangerously. The plan wrote in the Feb. 8 New York Post: ·TranSit for the transit workers. against which Con Ed is arguing in­ "When winters are mild, less fuel is • Once a date has been set, however, cludes special compromise allowances burned and there is less pollution. The the Rank and File Committee will be for the utility. These were worked out brisk winds also tend to disperse con­ un1on hard pressed to find some way of in a series of meetings between taminants better." So, in faCt, the argu­ getting an honest election. Union mem­ company representatives and city, ments of Con Ed a week later could bers are questioning the whole issue state, and federal officials during Jan­ actually have been borrowed in part vote of the mail ballot. The undemocratic uary. from the company's supposed adver­ and fraudulent aspect of this method However, even without special sary, the Department of Air Resources. is clear. People want to go to a hall exceptions, the proposed plan falls Finally, sulphur dioxide (which al­ smells or meeting place and discuss the man­ short of meeting federal requirements legedly has been reduced) and partic­ agement's offer, not just vote through on time. Furthermore, the federal ulate matter (which has increased) the mail. clean air standards themselves are are only two of the pollutants that judged inadequate by environmental befoul the city's air. There are also fishy experts (so. much that several states, nitrogen oxides, other oxidants, and By JAMES MENDIETA including Montana and Arizona, have hydrocarbons. These have not been ConEd passed their own stricter require­ monitored sufficiently, so far as is NEW YORK, Feb. 10- The Trans­ port Workers Union has again pulled ments). known, to scientifically determine the proverbial rabbit out of the hat. Even as outlined, let alone the way whether the air has more or less of On Feb. 8 the, American Arbitration claims it will be implemented, the plan fails them. There is scant reason to be­ Asi!OCiation announced that transit to reduce five of the six key pollutants lieve that monitoring will show them workers had approved a · new sufficiently to meet national standards to be declining. 27-month contract with the Transit New York by 1975. A group of attorneys Authority by a majority of nearly concerned with the environment, the three-to-two. The American Arbitra­ Natural Resources Defense Council, tion Association is a group of law­ air isn't called the New York plan "the worst yers who mediate labor disputes for one we have seen with the possible a price. They said that there were exception of Lousiana' s." It is over 15,176 "yes" votes and 11,703 "no's." so bad this plan- with added special consid­ These figures may seem like a close By LEE SMITH eration!- that Con Ed is kicking up and reasonable vote to an outsider, NEW YORK-"Con Ed Blames the a fuss. but there are few transit workers who Wind." That was the headline on an The utility's public statement was honestly believe that count. article by Steve Lawrence, environ­ issued a little more than a week after mental writer for the New York Post, the New York City Department of Air The Transport Workers Union in that paper's Feb. 17 issue. Resources admitted for the first time claims to have 38,000 members, and The headline referred to arguments that the city's air is getting worse yet the Transit Authority has only put forward by Consolidated Edison instead of better. 22,000 hourly paid employees who gas and. electric company against a The Feb. 9 New York Times re­ are eligible for membership in proposed state plan to meet federal ported that the city department had the TWU. The rest of the 42,000 work clean-air standards by 1975. The conceded that the amount of "sus­ force are clerks, office workers, transit point of the giant utility's 28-page pended particulate matter" (more com­ police, supervisory personnel and oth­ comment on the plan, Lawrence ex­ monly known as dirt) in the air in­ ers, some of whom belong to other plained, "is that though it may be put­ creased 7 percent over the last three ·unions. ting out thousands of tons of all kinds years. "Previously," the Times said, So where did the 26,879 votes that of contaminants each year, if "the city had been emphasizing an­ were counted by the American Arbi­ the winds are good and the smoke other air pollutant- sulphur dioxide, tration Association come from? stacks are high, these contaminants an irritating gas- that has been re­ Another factor to consider is that never come to rest in the lungs of duced 50 percent over the last three nearly half of the 5,000 railroad city residents." years, mainly as a result of regula­ clerks have quit the TWU and many tions requiring the burning of low­ other departments have a large num­ The Post writer observes that while sulphur fuel." ber of people who have quit and this argument "may thrill city dwellers It's true that there has been a 50 joined the Rank and File Committee . . . it probably won't sit well with percent reduction in the amount of Photo by Howard Petrick for a Democratic Union. This is a people living in Long Island, Con­ sulphur dioxide, but whether this has Con Ed claims its high stacks group of transit workers who have necticut, upstate New York and other been mainly due to regulations or has (shown above) and stiff winds keep been fighting the TWU's autocratic places.... " been accidental is open to debate. City form of rule for 10 years. Actually, New York City residents air resources commissioner Fred Hart New York City's air _relatively free The Rank and File Committee has have no call to be thrilled by the told Steve Lawrence the causes were of dangerous pollutants. just won a court decision granting performance of Con Ed or other the fuel regulations and "the weather." The National Picket Line THE UNION MOVEMENT is headed by old this country that we're ready to run the Govern­ "The trustees of the UMWA Welfare Fund alone and peculiar persons. Their age is accounted for ment. I don't think we're qualified to run the Gov­ can determine when the new benefits should begin. ' by the fact that they managed to keep away from ernment. Your trustee, Ed Carey, will do everything possible hard work most of their lives and can afford the On Nixon: ". . . it's a funny thing, my personal consistent with the fmancial security of the Fund best medical attention. Their peculiarities must be relations with Mr. Nixon have always been good." to have them start as quickly as possible." explained differently, not only by how they live In general: "I think the country, by and large, is Meanwhile, Boyle is appealing a federal-court but by the company they keep. They associate in pretty good shape." damage assessment of $11.5-million against the mostly with employers or representatives of em­ UMW, the National Bank of Washington, and ployers, and this has gone on for so long that TONY BOYLE, THE 67-YEAR-OLDPRESIDENT Josephine Roche and Barnum L. Colton, former they think and act like employers. This makes OF THE UNITED MINE WORKERS, is in deep trustees of the union Welfare and Retirement Fund. them seem peculiar when they talk about the pres­ trouble. The U. S. Department of Labor is seeking This money, if ever paid, will revert to the fund ent problems of workers. to set aside the 1969 union election that returned and presumably trickle down to old and disabled George Meany, the 77-year-old president of the Boyle to his present high office. On the witness miners, or to miners' widows. AFL-CIO, is regarded by his peers as the most stand, Boyle became so belligerent that the judge able spokesman among them. He may not be the warned him "to control your emotions and an­ PRESIDENT L W. ABEL OF THE UNITED oldest nor the most peculiar, but he is typical. swer the questions." STEELWORKERS, 63, appears· to be in better Shortly before convening the winter meeting of Boyle is usually a patient man, especially when shape in all respects than Meany or Boyle. There the 35-member AFL-CIO Executive Council in Bal dealing with the urgent problems of coal miners. has been talk that Abel may succeed Meany as Harbour, Fla., Meany answered some questions He writes about sick payments and hospital bene­ AFL-CIO president. Like Meany, he is a high­ for a reporter from the business-oriented U. S. fits in the Jan. 15 United Mine Workers Journal: production man and anxious to curb strikes. Abel News & World Report. Meany's remarks on in­ "I wish only that every benefit could be placed is a sponsor of union-management production flation, unemployment, war, politics, etc., are into effect today, but that is not possible." committees. He seeks guarantees that unions and printed in the magazine's Feb. 21 issue. employers will maintain mutually satisfactory re­ On inflation: "I think wage increases make their When will some benefit payments start? lations without strife or discord. contribution toward inflation. I don't think there's "Our first priority is sick pay for miners unable Abel recently addressed a meeting of the Federal any question about that." to work due to illness. . . . I cannot predict the Mediation and Conciliation Service in Washington. How to end inflation: "Validate the contracts, day on which this benefit will start, but it should There. he explained his no-strike plan. "Under give us our retroactivity, and we'll take the 5.5 be a matter of months." the plan," reports the Steelworkers' official paper per cent as the formula for new contracts." A sick miner can die of starvation "in a matter Steel Labor, "unresolved issues in the final two On unemployment: "Oh, I'll say it's bad- awful­ of months." months before contract deadline would have been ly bad." When will hospitalization benefits begin for those submitted to a panel of impartial arbitrators­ On war: "I don't believe in surrender in disabled? chosen earlier by mutual agreement." This plan Vietnam." " ... hopefully within the year, we can begin to was not used in the 1971 steel negotiations be­ On politics: "If we attempted to take over the provide unlimited hospitalization for occupational­ cause the employers would not accept it Abel Democratic Party, why, we'd have to pay more ly disabled· miners, and to continue their service hopes they will accept it sometime in the future attention to that than to the labor movement. And credit toward pensions.,. when it will suit their needs. U we set up our own political party, we'd be telling When will these promises be met? -FRANK LOVELL

18 Canada's Jailor part, NDP and the trade unions Sociali~ts · Militant reporter David Thorstad trav- themselves. And as long as they do be separated from politics. And labor cam pa 19 n eled to Ontario last November not have their own party, their dis- must ensure that the connection be- to gather material on Canada's labor satisfaction wil.l tend to be registered tween the two is properly reflected in for rl•ghts party, the New Democratic Party. The in the political arena either by not the political arena. "The job of col- following is the second of six articles voting or by wasting their votes on lective bargaining is enhanced or in- in which he relates developments in the some capitalist politician who may hibited by the political atmosphere," • . F ~DP to ~uestions about a labor party talk sweet as elections approach, but McDermott explained. "The collective In s m the Umted States. whose loyalties are opposed to the bargaining process is tied in with the • • interests of labor. political process. Even a four-year-old By MARK SCHNEIDER By DAVID THORSTAD Of course, the powerfully entrenched child should understand that." SAN FRANCISCO, Feb. 15- Two It has not been easy for young radi­ labor bureaucracy not only goes Whether intended or not, the impli- new developments in the case of the cals in the United States to see the along with it but encourages the sub- cation seems obvious: U.S. labor City College of San Francisco Four working class as a potentially radical ordination of labor to the Democratic leaders may have reached the level occurred here today- the defense at­ force. They have grown up with a Party and capitalist politics. To get of understanding of a four-year-old torneys announced that a federal in­ child, but they have not progressed junction to halt the suspension of the beyond it. For knowing that there three students had been filed, and the is a connection between trade-union Socialist Workers campaign commit­ issues and broader political questions tee announced that the four, along is one thing, but knowing what to with Jane Sica, will run for the City do about it is another. And leaving College governing board. the capitalists with a virtual monop­ The four Young Socialists for Jen­ oly in the political arena is the one ness and Pulley-Joe Ward, Lloyd thing definitely not to do. Kenney, Steve Gabosch, and Jeff Ber­ "I don't think the labor movement chenko- were expelled from City Col­ can be effective unless it has a viable lege on Jan. 19. At a closed review­ political arm," he went on. "It can't board hearing, on Feb. 2 and 3, the be a choice between tweedledum and four successfully demonstrated their tweedledee or arsenic and old lace." innocence of six vague "charges." Nev­ The only difference he sees between ertheless, th~ board saw fit to recom- · Conservative Party head Robert Stan­ mend "mitigation" of the sentences to field and Liberal Prime Minister Pierre censure of Ward, and suspension for Elliott Trudeau is that "they go one term of the others. to different tailors." The five students announced their But Canadian labor supports the candidacy for governing board at a NDP for more than narrow trade­ well-attended meeting for Linda Jen­ unions ·or bread-and-butter reasons. ness, SWP candidate for president. Grace Hartman, national president of the Canadian Union of Public "I'm not supporting the NDP because "We'll take the same issues to the com­ Employees, speaks at demonstration against the sell-out of Canada's I'm concerned about changes in the munity that we took to the campus," resources to the U.S. labor relations act," he said. "More said Kenney. "The key issue is who important, we're in there because of will run City College, the students and 1abor movement that lacks its own ' rid of both the policy and the bu­ our social viewpoint." Canadian labor, the oppressed communities they come political party and thus lets capital­ reaucrats will require a powerful he said, is concerned about its social from, along with the faculty, or an ist "friends of labor" speak for it. They groundswell among the ranks of la- role, about decent health standards, administration responsible to the white have learned to have contempt for bor. educational standards, a "shrinking corporate rulers of San Francisco." labor leaders like AFL-CIO President ln. Cahada the situation is some­ world," tlie emergence Of the multi­ The majority of students at City Col~ George Meany who have a political what different. There the labor bu­ national corporation, and the war in lege are from San Francisco's Black, outlook to the right of many liberal reaucrats, for their own reasons, took Vietnam, which he called "sheer Raza, and Asian communities. capitalist politicians. And by often the initiative to form a labor party. fucking economic idiocy." "Another key issue in our campaign," identifying the labor bureaucrats with There the labor party has many of "I know the NDP will do something said Sica, "is our demand for full con­ the working masses themselves, they the characteristics of a machine that about the fundamental issues." stitutional rights on campus, partic­ fail to see how change can come about was engineered from the top down. I asked McDermott if he saw the ularly free speech. The administration within the unions, how the present re­ It is not primarily the result of a labor party as a purely Canadian here determines what can go on a lationship of forces can be overcome, massive upsurge of the rank and file. question or if the differences between banner or a leaflet and who says and how the Meanys and Woodcocks Thus it is possible, for instance, for the Canadian and U.S. wings of the what in the school newspaper. They can be replaced by a militant leader­ virtually the entire leadership of a UAW over this question ever came up. cut off political rallies at whim. Nat­ ship that fights to defend the interests union like the Canadian Union of While he made it clear that the urally, if anyone differs with their per­ of the workers. Public Employees ( C UPE) to support Canadians do not go to international spective, they are summarily booted In Canada the revolutionary poten­ the NDP and to commit the union to conventions of the UAW with the in­ out of schooL This is what they are attempting to do with my four run­ tial of the working class is much easier it financially, on the one hand, and tention of making an issue out of the to grasp. Not that there are no bu­ for large numbers of rank-and-file need for a labor party, he was critical ning mates." reaucrats. There are. And not that members to not vote for it on the of the U.S. labor movement's ties to Jenness sent a letter to Harry But­ the labor party, the New Democratic other. capitalist politics. "Their friends the tener, president of the college, pro­ Party, is carrying on an active strug­ Democrats gave Richard Nixon the testing the expulsions and the attack gle to overthrow capitalism. It is not, Why labor supports the NDP goddam authority for his economic on the national SWP campaign. but is rather trying to make it work When I was in Toronto in Novem" policy, including the wage freeze," he Just before the Jenness meeting, at­ better. Its potential is easier to grasp ber 1971, I spoke about independent said. He spoke with contempt of Nixon torneys Christopher May and Michael because there is a labor party and labor political action to Dennis Mc­ and approvingly quoted NDP leader Sorgen. of the Mission Office of the San Francisco Neighborhood Legal the unions are the dominant force in- Dermott, United Auto Workers inter­ T. C. Douglas as having said, "Nixon . side it. national vice-president and director can go to hell because that's where Assistance Foundation filed suit in the U. S. District Court demanding the re­ It is true that the NDP is a reform­ for Canada. McDermott played a role he's going anyway." instatement of the three students and ist party. But by its very existence in the founding of the NDP and has There has been some talk of intro­ it constantly poses the need for work­ been a firm supporter of it ever since. ducing a wage freeze in Canada too, removal of censure for Ward. The suit, which was filed by the City Col­ ing-class power. In the U.S., not only He terms the relationship between the but he said the NDP would fight it. lege YSJP, claims harassment of that is there no mass revolutionary party, labor movement and the NDP a He called wage controls "absurd," and organization and states that the First there is not even a reformist labor "friendly ally arrangement." said a wage freeze "wouldn't work any Amendment rights of free speech and party. This is not because the Amer­ While ideologically speaking, Mc­ better here than it does in the States. association were violated by the col­ ican masses are without reformist il­ Dermott shares the reformist, social­ I don't think Trudeau can afford to lege. It also maintains that the re­ lusions. Quite the opposite. It means democratic approach of the NDP lead­ ape Nixon, anyway." view board hearing violated, on a only that these illusions are reflected ership as a whole, he was able, as It is true that it was labor'.s "friends" number of counts, the Fourteenth on a much lower level than they are head of a union closely tied to the in the Democratic Party who gave Amendment right to due process. in Canada. Here they take place not NDP, to provide insight into the out­ Nixon the knife he is now turning into The Committee to Defend the City on the plane of whether socialism can look of a labor movement that is labor's back, but the labor bureau­ College Four needs funds. Send check be won by parliamentary means, but not tied to a capitalist party. In addi­ crats have still shown no sign that or money order to P. 0. Box 40541, whether one or another capitalist par­ tion, his views were of interest because they are ready to break with San Francisco, Calif. 94140. ty can bring about social change. he represents the Canadian wing of capitalist politics. In such a context, when the U. S. the UAW, which, like many unions Still, McDermott said he thinks his capitalist class moves to defend its affiliated to the NDP, is U. S.-based, "U.S. colleagues" are "envious" when interests by promulgating a wage but whose U. S. counterpart is still they see the NDP at work. "I think freeze and setting up a Pay Board it tied to th~ Democratic Party. they feel their investment in the Demo­ dominates, and getting the labor bu­ Why does Canadian labor support cratic Party is of too long-standing." reaucrats to go along with it, the U. S. the NDP? Perhaps the most obvious But, he added, it would be "fraught workers are left without any effective reason is that inflation, unemploy­ with hazards if they were to start political voice or vehicle to defend ment, and other key issues cannot a new party."

THE MILITANT/MARCH 3, 1972 19 In Review Pamphlets would not necessarily have voted for it! This pecu­ By April 1776, Sam Adams, at the Continental liarity lies at the center of every unfolding Congress in Philadelphia, received word from a revolution. Massachusetts supporter that "The People are now Study. offers "This contradiction between the actions and the ahead of you, and the only way to prevent discord consciousness of the great mass of the people stems and dissension is to strike while the iron is hot from the fact Jhat the dead hand of the past lies . . . . All will be in confusion if independence is insight into heavily on the brow of the living: The oppressed not declared immediately." peoples who enter hito a revolution do so because "This sketch of the course of events," Frankel they are goaded into it by conditions that they notes, "shows how foolish it is to try to analyze feel they can tolerate no longer. But the old myths, mass sentiment in a revolutionary period in purely revolutionary traditions and political forms still hold them static quantitative terms. Mass sentiment is not a quantity but a process, and a contradictory process at that. This is the lesson of the peculiar situation process of Sam Adams, who was for years unable to put •. forward his full program because of the immaturity Sam Adams and the American Revolution by of popular feeling, suddenly, finding: 'The People Harry Frankel. Pathfinder Press. New York, are now ahead of you.'" 1971. 47 pp. 75 cents. The seventeen chapters in Sam Adams and the American Revolution originally a"ppeared as a ·This pamphlet is of special interest to serious series of articles in The Militant Nov. 12, 1951 students of revolutionary social change. In the through March _3, 1952. (Other articles by the specific context of the Revolution of 1776, it deals same author appear in Marxist Essays in American from a historical-materialist approach with many History, Merit Publishers, 1966.) of the questions relevant to the movements for The year 1976 will be the 200th anniversary of social change in the United States today. the revolution in which Sam Adams was Its method also provides insights helpful in under­ an organizer, propagandist and strategist without standing their interrelation with world events. equal. We can expect that it will be accompanied For example, in the chapter on "Democracy and by an orgy of patriotic celebrations and com­ Revolution," Frankel deals with a question often memorations in which any resemblance to the debated by historians: "Was the American true spirit of 1776 will be purely accidental. Revolution 'demQcratic?'" This pamphlet is highly recommended as an He describes the transition from mass actions Sam Adams antidote to the commercial-myth-makers, as well with revolutionary implications to mass move­ as the annual Fourth of July demagogic fireworks. ments that hold conscious revolutionary con­ prisoners. They succeed in shaking these off only Hopefully, Pathfinder Press will publish more of victions and act upon them. as the social upheaval runs its course. It is pre­ this type of material, writing the role of program, "Thus we have arrived at a peculiar contra­ cisely this process of re-education of society, of leadership, and class struggle back into American diction," the author says. "We have found that men reconstruction of all social forms, that constitutes history. who fight and risk their lives for the revolution the heart of the revolution." -JEAN Y. TUSSEY new society, a society that people won't need to thors of The Opium Trail do may be one-sided. escape from." They state: . The above quotation is representative of the "The only rehabilitation efforts that seem to have material presented in the seven collectively written much hope of success are those that try to fight How articles in The Opium TraiL The authors present addiction by ·involving the addict in struggling a wide range of information and analysis about to change the society that produced the plague." the drug problem in America and elsewhere. The The pamphlet cites a few examples of this type imperialism pamphlet gives the historical background to the of program, but it does not cite any evidence role imperialism has . played in promoting drug to show that they have greater success records addiction, including the opium wars that were than non-political programs. pushes. fought to force China to accept the s.ale of opium The other majOf form of drug rehabilitation to its people. therapy is methadone maintenance. This method The story is brought up to date with an ex­ entails the daily use of methadone- an addictive amination of the role of the U.S. government's narcotic- at a dosage that makes it impossible narcotics Central Intelligence Agency in promoting the to get high from heroin. Usually this will enable The Opium Trail: Heroin and Imperialism by Southeast Asian drug traffic. most heroin addicts to resume normal function­ Pat Haseltine, Jerry Meldon, Charles Knight, The extent of drug use in the armed forces and ing. Mark Selden, Rod Aya, Henry Norr, and the role 1t plays are taken up in an article en­ There are several drawbacks to this form of titled "The New Action Army." "The extent of her­ drug rehabilitation, however; First, methadone Mara. New England Free Press. 64 pp. 25 oin addiction among G Is in Vietnam remains a maintenance is currently considered ·as something cents. matter of some controversy," the authors explain. the ex-addict must continue for life. Studies have "A house investigation team led by Representa­ shown that the overwhelming majority of persons "Heroin is an escape. For black people in crowded tives Murphy ( m) and Steele (Conn.) cited of­ who have withdrawn from methadone maintenance tenements, for white kids on the street corner, for ficial addiction estimates of 10 to 15 per cent. resume the use of heroin. Second, keeping peo­ . G Is forced to fight against the people of Indo­ The Nixon administration quickly sought to calm ple on methadone gives the government a cer­ china, it's an escape from the oppressive existence public fears of massive addiction. Dr. Jerome Jaffe, tain degree of control over them. Third, many this society offers. Heroin makes people forget Nixon's chief drug advisor, reported after a hasty important employers bar methadone patients from about the miserable realities of their lives and tour of Asia that only 4.5 per cent (only!) of employment. the rich and powerful who live in luxury off their 22,000 men who were tested were confirmed her­ The authors of The Opium Trail state, "Metha­ suffering. When you're spending half your time oin users. But subsequent reports have exploded done maintenance, for all its disadvantages, may in a euphoric nod and the rest in a desperate Jaffe's claims. Experts noted that he did not in­ be the only .humane solution now available for search for your next fix, where will you get the clude soldiers who had. been arrested, granted a few hard-core addicts. But it should only be time to (ight and help make this a decent society amnesty, or those who temporarily stopped tak­ used as a last resort, after all else has failed." for everyone? ing heroin a few days prior to leaving Vietnam." The Opium Trail supplies a good deal of in­ "Such is the role heroin has always played in The Opium Trail also discusses the sources of formation on how .capitalism and imperialism the ghetto, where conditions are worst and peo­ drug addiction in the ghettos of America, the benefit from drug addiction. The beneficial effect ple are angriest. Now that white kids are start­ spread of addiction to the rest of the population, upon the system is undoubtedly the reason why ing to fight back too, smack is pouring in and and the problem of drug rehabilitation programs. the government makes only an elaborate pretense getting them strung out. And in Vietnam, smack It is on this last topic, taken up in the fmal at fighting the problem. Rehabilitation facilities may be the· only thing preventing full-8cale mutiny article, "Kicking It: Methadone, Therapy, or Rev­ are grossly inadequate in relation to the number in an army that's sick of fighting the bosses' war. olution," that the pamphlet moves off its firm of people seeking their use. When. it comes right down to it, Washington and ground. Admittedly, this is probably the most But worst of all, despite the alarming propor­ Wall Street know they'd have a lot more angry controversial and complex aspect of the drug tions of the problem (an estimated two or three people on their hands if they couldn't rely on problem. But this would indicate that any dis­ hundred thousand heroin addicts in the U. S. ), smack to cool things out. cussion of the matter should be dealt with cau­ the federal and state governments allot miserable "That's not to say that the rich have to run tiously and with meticulous care. The basic dy­ pittances to funding research into the causes and around drugging the rest of us against our will. namics of what causes a specific person to turn cures of drug addiction. As long as people are as frustrated and miserable .to drugs and how an addicted person can be Copies of The Opium Trail can be obtained as so many are in this society, they'll look for helped to turn away from drugs are by no means by sending 25¢ to New England Free Press, 791 a way to escape. H it isn't junk it'll be something known. Therefore, proposing politically-oriented Tremont St., Boston, Mass. 02118. else. The only long-term solution is to build a drug-free therapy as a simple cure-all as the au- -ARTHUR MAG LIN

20 ,_ WhY the u.s. is in Indochina By DICK ROBERTS gling independence or autonomy. 80 percent of the Cochin Chinese farm­ ordered the U. S. attack on Cambodia President Nixon's eight-point program These nations include quarter inhab­ land. He generally had to give far engulfing that country in the escalating for settlement of the war in Indochina itants world and their future course, more than half his annual harvest war. The dispatch, written from Snoul, directly poses the question, who should owing sheer weight populations, re­ to his landlord, partly as rent, partly Cambodia, stated: rule in Saigon? There are only two sources they command, and strategic as usurious interest." "The French manager of a rubber alternatives. location, will be momentous factor These lines go far toward explaining plantation caught in the fighting here Either the regime will continue to be world stability. Following relaxation the deep-seated popularity of the peas­ said today that the North Vietnamese a procapitalist dictatorship dependent European controls, internal racial, re­ ant revolt that has raged in Indochina had armed most of his 1,600 workers on the dollars and military backing of ligious, and national differences could since before World War II. and had taken them along as they fled the United States, or it will be ruled plunge new nations into violent dis­ Was Washington's puppet regime in from U.S. tank and air attacks." by the revolutionary peasants and cord, or already apparent anti­ Saigon an "improvement" over earlier workers who have been struggling Western Pan-Asiatic tendencies could French colonialism? Even the New The plantation manager was on his against imperialism in Indochina since become dominant political force, or York Times, in its summary of the way back to his home in Paris. He World War II. Communists could capture control. We Pentagon Papers, admitted that it was told the AP reporter: "They gave guns Both Nixon and his supposed critics consider best safeguard against these not. "The Diem land-reform program," to the people and now they are fight­ in the Democratic Party pretend that eventualities a continued close associa­ Fox Butterfield wrote in the Times, ing along with the Vietcong.... We this is not the case. They would like tion between newly autonomous peo­ July 5, 1971, "in.stead of redistributing cannot stay. The Americans have been to shift public attention away from the ples and powers which have long been land to the poor, ended up taking here, and now no body would ever question of the end results of a settle­ responsible for their welfare." [United back what the peasants had been given trust us again." ment to such burning issues as whether States- Vietnam Relations, 1945-1967 Senator Edmund S. Muskie is "pa­ (Washington: U.S. Government Print­ triotic" in his inconsequential criticisms ing Office, 1971 ), Book 8, pp. 100- of Nixon's demands. 102.] A more sophisticated view was pre­ As Washington became the dominant sented in the Jan. 29 issue of Britain's counterrevolutionary military force in influential financial weekly The Econo­ Southeast Asia, the top-secret National mist. This magazine is unabashedly Security Council resolutions emphat­ for an imperialist victory in South­ ically underlined the strategic impor­ east Asia. It stated, "The Economist tance to world imperialism of this sec­ has argued ever since 1966 that a tor of the globe. Resolution NSC 48/1, place would have to be found for the Dec. 23,1949, declared: National Liberation Front in the polit­ "Asians share poverty, nationalism, ical structure of South Vietnam, in­ and revolution.... Asia is an area cluding a place on the ballot forms, of significant potential power- politi­ but that at first the front would have to cal, economic and military.... accept that it was a minority, and ac­ "The extension of communist author­ cept the role of an opposition." ity in China represents a grievous Rejection of Nixon's eight-point de­ political defeat for us .... mands by Hanoi and the Provisional "Asiatic assets of potential value... Revolutionary Government of South include soybeans, tin, rubber, and Vietnam may have an advantage to South China's tungsten. Petroleum the imperialists, The Economist con­ coming from Indonesia including t,ends. "At least it may remind the Borneo ... is one of the most im­ Americans of the issue involved in portant strategic materials in the re­ Vietnam, and that may make it easier gion. for Mr. Nixon to keep a residual force "Asia is the source of important raw there-including the American aircraft and semi-processed materials, many the South Vietnamese army stillcannot of them of strategic value. Moreover, do without. This is a war .that has in the past, Asia has been a market been stripped down to its essen­ for the processed goods of industrial­ tials .. ; . there can be no such thing ized states, and has also been for the as a politically neutral government in western colonial powers a rich source Vietnam, 'provisional' or permanent. of revenue from investments and other The issue is being fought between two invisible [!] earnings." (Ibid. pp.225- fundamentally different ideas, and it 264.) is impossible for a government to represent neither of them, or both." Imperialism in Indochina i Couched in the typical hypocrisy of British liberalism, this editorial never­ What does imperialist rule mean for Indochina? Ellen Hammer vividly de­ theless makes a correct point: Either Indochinese workers and peasants fight to end domination by U.S.­ capitalism or socialist revolution will scribes the conversion of Indochina in­ to a one-crop economy and source of backed landlords. triumph in Vietnam; there cannot be both. Western profits in The Struggle for Indochina ( 1954 ). Hammer quotes Ro­ by the Vietminh and returning it to It apparently was not noticed in land Dorgeles on the "miracle of rub­ the landlords. In 1960, 7 5 per cent the Times editorial office that the U.S. counterrevolution ber" from his book Sur la Route Man­ of the land was still owned by 15 words "North Vietnamese" and "Viet­ Washington has been embroiled in dan·ne (1925): per cent of the people." cong" were used interchangeably in the effort of world imperialism to crush "Less than forty years ago, there Four Democratic and Republican this article. Today, virtually all of the tide of revolution in Southeast Asia was not a rubber tree in the col­ administrations in the White House Cambodia outside the capital ofPnom­ since the end of World War II. It ony.... Today rubber trees can be have subsequently been taught the dif­ penh is under the control of the rev­ helped arm and finance the British, counted by the millions on immense ficulties of crushing the Vietnamese olutionists. The reasons are explained French, and Dutch troops that were plantations .... [This was accom­ peasant revolution. John F. Kennedy in the AP report: Whoever it is that sent to quell revolutions in India, plished] despite sickness, despite the sent 16,000 U.S. troops into South Nixon is bombing in Cambodia­ Burma, Indochina, Indones~a, and flight of coolies, despite years of Vietnam to attempt to herd the pop­ North Vietnamese troops, the forces Malaya. It directly intervened with drought, despite plants which died, ulace of the countryside into barbed­ of the Cambodian Khmer Rouge, or U.S. troops in China, Korea, and the despite storms which ruined roads, de­ wire concentration camps, called "stra­ possibly even members of the South Philippines. A revealing summary of spite fires which devastated the land, tegic ham~ets." Vietnamese Provisional Revolutionary the U.S. position appears in the Pen­ despite everything. . . . and these mis­ Lyndon B. Johnson increased the Government (PRG)- they armed the tagon Papers. The following is from erable lands which were not worth a U.S. troop strength 25 times and or­ people. a telegram to the U.S. Embassy in piastre bring fortunes: ships take on dered massive "search and destroy" It never occurred to the generals in Paris, May 13, 1947, from George C. rubber at Saigon by the thousands campaigns accompanied by the heav­ Pnompenh to gi'\"e arms to the Cam­ Marshall, then secretary of state and of tons." iest bombing support in the history of bodian masses. They were the ones main architect of U.S. cold-war pol­ As the French overlords converted warfare. A fifth of the countryside has who appealed for outside help. The icies: more and more land to large plan­ been demolished. Millions of the farm­ generals were the ones who cried out "We becoming increasingly con­ tations worked by forced labor, the ers have been driven into refugee hov­ to Nixon fdr bullets and bombs. cerned by slow progress toward set­ pattern of land distribution was upset els surrounding the major cities. But In Cambodia, as in Laos and South tlement Indochina dispute. Key our and the gap between rich and poor President Nixon's recent reescalation Vietnam, Washington stands with the position is our awareness that in re­ widened. Hammer writes: "The abun­ of the bombJng shows that this rev­ largely absentee capitalist landlords, spect developments affecting position dant benefits of usury, combined with olution has not been crushed. In fact, the military cliques, and their armies. Western democratic powers in southern the French practice of granting ex­ it has spread into Cambodia and it On the other side is the armed pop­ Asia, we essentially in same boat tensive concessions in undeveloped has deepened in Laos. ulation. as French, also as British and Dutch. land to French companies and rich NixQn hopes to carve out of Indo­ We cannot conceive setbacks to long­ Vietnamese, led to the development of On May 7, 1970, a brief AP dis­ china a stable base for imperialism, range interests France which would many large estates owned by absentee patch, buried on page 31 of the New headquartered in Saigon. This is the not also be setbacks our own. . . . landlords. These estates were worked York Times, revealed more about the point of his demands and this is why "In our view, southern Asia in crit­ by tenant farmers and landless ag­ character of the war in Southeast Asia U. S. bombs continue to rain down ical phase its history with seven new ricultural laborers. The ta dien, or than many longer articles. This was on Southeast Asia as Nixon pretends nations in process achieving or strug- sharecropper, worked between 60 and just one week after President Nixon to "seek peace" in Peking.

THE MILITANT/MARCH 3, 1972 21 formation, call WA5-4316. Ausp. Militant Labor Forum. · While wanting to ·orient people in Part of Nixon's motivation for"'his movements for social change toward approval of the 18-year-old vote was SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA MARXIST RADIO COMMENTARY. listen to Theodore hustling votes for pro-capitalist can­ the hope that it would encourage par­ Edwards, spokesman for the Socialist Workers Party, didates of the Democratic P\lrty, the ticipation by students in the electoral on his weekly 15-minute radio program, 7 p.m. every CP leaders also want to build the CP. politics of the Democratic and Repub­ Thursday, KPFK-FM, 90.7. They want to make their program lican parties. more palatable, especially to militant It's not surprising then that the dom­ WASHINGTON, D.C. SISTERS IN STRUGGLE: Seminar on Women's Libera­ youth, in order to make greater gains inant form of political activity on the tion. Current Trends in the Feminist Movement- a from the new radicalization. This campuses is currently on behalf of Calendar study of the Dialectic of Sex by Shulamith Firesto-ne. explains their campaign against "right ruling-class candidates. ARANT A Wed., March 1, 8 p.m., Militant Bookstore, 746 9 St. opportunism." Along with the lull in radical activity, N. W. All women invited. Classes are free. CAMPAIGN BANQUET AND RALLY. Featured speaker: According to New York Times re­ however, is the fact that larger num­ Linda Jenness, Socialist Workers Party candidate for REPRESSION IN LATIN ,AMERICA. Speakers: Brady porter Peter Kihss, who had access bers of students than ever before re­ president. Sat., March 4. 6 p.m.: refreshments. 7 p.m.: to Hall's convention report, "Mr. Hall ject American society as it now exists. dinner. 8:30 p.m.: rally. Militant Bookstore, 68 Peach­ Tyson, professor of latin American Studies at Amer­ ican University, USLA Justice Committee; Philip Whea­ tree St. N. W. Donation: 53.50, rally only, S1; h. s. declared 'right opportunism' was the They are searching for the fastest and students: dinner S2, rally 50c. Ausp. Socialist Workers ton, director of Economic Program for Inter-American party's 'main hindrance' decrying this surest way of changing it and are en­ Campaign '72. For more information, call (404) 523- Communication in Action- National Council of Church­ as 'tendencies to submerge the party gaged in a serious discussion on the es; Alice Woznack, Socialist Workers Party. Fri., March 0610. 3, 8 p.m. at 746 9 St. N. W., Second Floor. Donation: in the mass movements' and to get major political questions facing the BOSTON SJ, h. s. students 50c. Ausp. Militant Forum. 'unduly optimistic' about Democratic BANGLADESH AND WORLD REVOLUTION. Speaker: world today. Malik Miah, Bengali-American, member of the Young party leaders. Socialist Alliance National Executive Committee. Fri., CLASSES IN REVOLUTIONARY SOCIALISM. Every "The preconvention 'theses' held that March 3, 8 p.m., 655 Atlantic Ave., Third Floor. Do­ Thursday at 3 p.m. Woodrow Wilson High School, Nebraska and Chesapeake, N. W. there had been laxness about 'bour­ nation: $J, h. s. students 50c. Ausp. Militant labor geois ideology,' 'whitechauvinism' and Foru~. 'nationalism,' particularly Jewish, within the party ranks." ... docks VOICES OF DISSENT. The Crisis in Northern Ireland. Continued from page 24 Guests: Truman Nelson, noted author who has just Calendar and classified ad rates: 75 Among the steps being taken by you're going to work every day?" returned from Ireland; Paul McNulty, Friends of Irish cents per line of 56-character-wide type­ the CP to "tighten its structure and The answer is, "Nothing!- as long Freedom; and Jim Dunn, Irish Republican Aid Com­ written copy. Display ad rates: $10 per discipline," according to Kihss, is the mittee. Wed., March 1, 8 p.m., on WTBS-FM, 88.1. as everybody has a job." But the sit­ column inch ($7.50 if camera-ready ad restoration of membership cards and Sat., March 4, 8 p.m., on WBUR-FM, 90.9. uation that prevailed prior to thestrike is enclosed). Payment must be included dues stamp books. was that steady-men averaged 54 BROOKLYN with ads: The Militant is published each The CP told Kihss they have 15,000 hours per week and others only 30 ANDREW PULLEY, Socialist Workers Party candidate week on Friday. Deadlines for ad copy: members. hours. Moreover, the steady-men tend for vice-president, speaks at Brooklyn College, Wed., Friday, one wee-k preceding publication, A 60-member Central Committee, the March I, 12 noon. Whitehead Hall, Room 220. For to become company-minded and anti­ for classified and display ads; Wednes­ "highest leadership body of the Party more information on other meetings, call (212) 596- day noon, two days preceding publica­ union. 2849. between conventions" was elected, ac­ CHICAGO tion, for calendar ads. Telephone: (212) cording to the Feb. 22 Daily World, FEMINISM AND THE '72 ELECTIONS. Panel of speak­ 243-6392. as was a 120-member National ers. Fri., March 3, 8 p.m. 180 N. Wacker Dr., Room 310. Donation: $J, h. s. students 75c. Gourmet dinner Council, whose function was not de­ served at 6:30. Ausp. Militant labor Forum. fined. The World reported that "Party Chairman Henry Winston, General NEW HAVEN, CONN. Secretary Gus Hall and Organiza­ ANDREW PULLEY, Socialist Workers Party candidate tional Secretary Daniel Rubin were lor vice-president, speak~ at Yale University, Mon., ... CP Continued from page 16 March 6, 8 p.m. 201 Harkness Hall, College and reelected unanimously amid a tumul­ Wall sts. Sponsors: Afro-American Cultural Center was laid out by Hall. "Our aim is to tuous demonstration of Party unity." and the Progressive Party of the Yale Political Union. expose and defeat the reactionary can­ Angela Davis was elected to the For more information, call (203)562-1669. didates [for example, Nixon, Reagan, Central Committee. NEW YORK: UPPER WEST SIDE Wallace-J.B.]- to sharply criticize the The Militant will analyze in future CAMPAIGN DINNER AND RALLY. Featured speakers: Andrew Pulley, Socialist Workers Party candidate for liberal candidates [Humphrey, Mc­ issues the CP's theses and their per­ Is the Allende government taking vice-president, and B. R. Washington, SWP candidate Govern, Muskie] and to give support spective for the movements of the op­ Chile toward socialism? When the for Congress from the 18th C. D. Fri., March 3. 6 to the progressive indepenc;lent candi­ pressed nationalities and the trade chips are down where will the military . p.m.: refreshments. 7 p.m.: dinner. 8:30p.m.: rally. dates [Chll!holm, Abzug, Dellums]. We unions. caste stand? What should the workers 2744 Broadway (at 105 St.). Donation: $3.50, h. s. will expose to defeat, we will criticize and organizations of the left do? students $2.50. Ausp. Socialist Workers Campaign '72. Far more inlormalio~, call (212) 663-3000. to strength£!1} and we will sv.pport to Read the views of the Fourth Inter­ elect" (Emplfasis added.) ~ national on -the Chilean experiment. OAKLAND-BERKELEY The Feb. 19 Daily World report In the February 24 issue of Inter­ BRITISH TROOPS OUT OF NORTHERN IRELAND! Panel attempts to make it crystal clear. that ... students continental Press . . of lri~h- activists. Fri., March 3, 8 p.m. at 3536 Tele­ the ~eal line of action in the voting Continued from page 17 graph Ave, Oakland. Donation: $J. Ausp. Militant For­ um. Far more information, call 654-9728. booth is to support the Democratic going on, to involve students in work­ Send 50¢ for a copy. Party convention nominee, come what ing for the capitalist parties. Many PHILADELPHIA may. "Topping the list of the party's schools offered time off to students who INTERCONTINENTAL PRESS THE STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA vs. DEMOCRACY. A priorities, 'because it's the prong-with wanted to work in the primaries. Some panel discussion with representatives of the political P. 0. Box 116, Village Station which we can best influence the total schools even closed down for a week. parties kept off the ballot. Fri., March 3, 8 p.m. at New York, N.Y., 10014 1004 Filbert St. (one block north of 1Oth and Market electoral picture,' Hall said, is the This was also done just before the sis.). Donation: $J, h. s. students 50c. For more in- defeat of Nixon." elections in the fall of 1970. Socialist Directory ALABAMA: Tuscaloosa: YSA, c/o Richard Rathers, P. 0. Box 5377, Uni­ Baton' Rouge, La. 70803. Tel: (504)388-1517. Ohio 45232. versity of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Ala. 35406. MARYlAND: College Park: YSA, University P. 0. Box 73, U of Md., Cleveland: SWP and YSA, 4420 Superior Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44103. ARIZONA: Phoenix: YSA, P.O. Box 750, Phoenix, Arizona 85001. Tel: College Park, Md. 207 42. Tel: (216)391-5553. (602) 968-5738. MASSACHUSETTS: Amherst: YSA, Box 324, Student Activities Office, Columbus: YSA, 1612 Summit St. (side entrance), Columbus, Ohio Tuscan: YSA, 410 N. 4th Ave., Tuscan, Ariz. 85705. Campus Center, U-ol Mass., Amherst, Mass. 01002. 43201. Tel: (614)299-2042. CALIFORNIA: Berkeley-Oakland: SWP and YSA, 3536 Telegraph Ave., Boston: SWP and YSA, c/o Militant Labor Forum, 655 Atlantic Ave., Yellow Springs: YSA, Antioch College Union, Yellow Springs, Ohio Oaklpnd, Calif. 94609. Tel: (415)654-9728. Third Floor, Boston, Mass. 02111. Tel: (617)482-8050. 45387. Claremont: YSA, c/o Polly Petersen, Grace Scripps Hall, Scripps Col­ Pittsfield: YSA, c/o R.G. Pucko, 77 Euclid Ave., Pittsfield, Mass. 01201. OREGON: Eugene: YSA, c/o Dave Hough, 4888 W. Amazon, Eugene, lege, Claremont, Calif. 91711. Worcester: YSA, Box 1470, Clark U, Worcester, Mass. 01610. Socialist Ore. 97405. Tel: (503)342-7076. Los Angeles: SWP and YSA, 1107 1/2 N. Western Ave., Los Angeles, Workers Campaign '72, P. 0. Box 97, Webster Sq. Sta., Worcester, Mass. Portland: SWP and YSA, 208 S. W. Stark, Room 201, Portland, Ore. Calif. 90029. Tel: SWP-(213)463-1917, YSA-(213)463-1966. 01603. 97204. Tel: (503)226-2715. Riverside: YSA, c/o Don Andrews, 3408 Florida, Riverside, Calif. 92507. MICHIGAN: Ann Arbor: YSA, P.O. Box 408, Ann Arbor, Mich. 48107. PENNSYLVANIA: Erie: YSA, c/o John Sajewski, P.O. Box 3222; Erie, - Sacramento: YSA, c/o Bob Secor, 3702 T St,, Sacramento, Calif. 95815. Detroit: SWP, YSA, Eugene V. Debs Haii,3737Woodward Ave., Detroit, Pa. 16508. · San Francisco: SWP, YSA, Militant labor Forum, and Pioneer Books, Mich. 48201. Tel: (313) TEI-6135. Philadelphia: SWP and YSA; 1004 Filbert St. (one block north of Mar­ 2338 Market St., San Francisco, Calif. 94114. Tel: (415) 626-9958. East Lansing: YSA, P. 0. Box 14, East Lansing, Mich. 48823. ket), Philadelphia, Pa. 19107. Tel: (215) WA5-4316. San Diego: YSA, P.O. Box 15186, San Diego, Calif. 92115. MINNESOTA: Minneapolis-St. Paul: SWP, YSA and labor Bookstore, RHODE ISLAND: Kingston: YSA, c/o Stan Max, Kingston Inn, Room 210, Santa Barbara: YSA, c/o Robert Mattson, Box 14126, UCSB, Santa 1 University N.E. (at E. Hennepin) 2nd fl., Mpls. 55413. Tel: (612) 332- 1320 Kingston Road, Kingston, R.I. 02881. Tel: (401)783-7855. Barbara, Calif. 93107. Tel: (805)968-1988. 7781. Providence: YSA, P. 0. Box 117, Annex Sta., Providence, R.I. 02901. COLORADO: Boulder: YSA, c/o Barbara Thornton, 1316 Arapahoe Ave., MISSOURI: Kansas City: YSA, c/o Student ,Activities Office, U of Mis­ Militant Bookstore: 88 Benevolent St. Tel: (401)331-1480. Boulder, Colo. 80302. Tel: (303)444-1440. souri at Kansas City, 5100 Rockhill Road, Kansas City, Mo. 64110. TENNESSEE: Knoxville: YSA, c/o Keith Harris, P. 0. Box 8402, Uni­ Denver: SWP, YSA and Militant Bookstore, II 00 Champa St., Denver, NEW HAMPSHIRE: Portsmouth: YSA, P.O. Box 479, Durham, N.H. versity Sta., Knoxville, Tenn. 37916. Colo. 80204. 'Tel: (303)623-2825. Bookstore open Mon.-Sat., 10:30 a.m.- 03824. Nashville: YSA, c/o Elizabeth Lariscy, 1214 17th Ave. S., Nashville, 7 p.m. NEW JERSEY: New Brunswick: YSA, cjo William Warrick, LPO 12149, Tenn. 37201. Tel: (615)292-8827. CONNECTICUT: Hartford: YSA, c/o Bob Quigley, 127 Washington St., livingston College, New Brunswick, N.J. 08903. TEXAS: Austin: SWP and YSA, P.O. Box 5586, West Austin Station, Apt. 106, Hartford, Conn. 06106. Wayne: YSA, c/o Clyde Magarelli, William-Paterson College al N.J., Austin, Texas 78703. Tel: (512) 478-8602. Bookstore: 611 West 29th. New' Ha~en: YSA and Socialist Workers '72 Campaign, P. 0. Box 185, 300 Pompton Rd., Wayne, N.J. 07470. Houston: SWP and YSA and Pathfinder Books, 6409 lyons Ave., Hous­ New Haven, Conn. 06501. NEW MEXICO: Albuquerque: YSA, c/o Vivian Abeles, 3807 Thaxton ton, Texas 77020. Tel: (713)674-0612. FLORIDA: Miami: YSA, P.O. Box 2121, Ocean View Branch, Miami S. E., Albuquerque, N. M. 87108. Tel: (505)268-1541. San Antonio: YSA, c/o P.O. Box 774, San Antonio, Texas 78202. Beach, Fla. 33140. NEW YORK: Binghamton: YSA, c/o Betty Sachs, Box 1610, Harpur VERMONT: Burlington: YSA, c/o John Franco, 306 Chittenden Hall, Tallahassee: YSA, c/o Brett Merkey, 814 California St., Tallahassee, College, Binghamton, N.Y. 13901. l,J of Vermont, Burlington, Vt. 05401. Fla. 32304. Tel: (904)222-8776. Brooklyn: SWP and YSA, 136 Lawrence St. (at Willoughby), Brooklyn, WASHINGTON,_ D.C.: SWP and YSA, 746 9th St. N.W., 2nd fl., Wash., GEORGIA: Atlanta: Militant Bookstore, 68 Peachtree St. (3rd floor), N.Y. 11201. Tel: (212)596-2849. D. C. 20001. Tel: (202)783-2363. SWP and YSA, P.O. Box 846, Atlanta, Ga. 30301. Tel: (404) 523-0610. Long Island: YSA, P.O. Box 357, Roosevelt, l.l., N.Y. 11575. Tel: (516) WASHINGTON: Pullman: YSA, c/o Roger Snelgrove, 209 High St., IlliNOIS: Carbondale: YSA, c/o John Center, 1407 Schnider Hall, FR9-0289. Pullman, Wash. 99163. Bush Towers, Carbondale, Ill. 62901. Tel: (618)453-5882. New York City-City-wide SWP and YSA, 706 Broadway (4th St.), Seattle: Militant Bookstore, 5257 University Way N. E., Seattle, Wash. Chicago' SWP, YSA and bookstore, 180 N. Wacker Dr., Rm. 310, Chi­ Eighth Floor, New York, N.Y. 10003. Tel: (212) 260-0976. 98105. Hrs. II a. m.-8 p.m., Mon.-Sat. Tel: (206)523-2555. cago, Ill. 60606. Tel: SWP-(312)641-0147, YSA-(312)641-0233. Lower Manhattan: SWP, YSA and Merit Bookstore, 706 Broadway (4th WISCONSIN: Madison: YSA, c/o Mary Jo Vogel, 411 W. Gorham St., DeKalb: YSA, c/o Student Activities Center, Northern Illinois U, DeKalb, St.), Eighth Floor, New York, N.Y. 10003. Tel: SWP-(212) 982-6051, Madison, Wis. 53703. Tel: (608)256-1693. Ill. 60115. Tel: (815)753-0510 (day); (815)758-2935 (night). YSA- (212)982-8214, Merit Books- (212)982-5940. Milwaukee: YSA, 1742 N. Cambridge, Milwaukee, V'{os. 53202. Tel: INDIANA: Bloomington: YSA, c/o Paula Savich, M213 GRC, Bloom­ Upper West Side: SWP and YSA, 2744 Broadway (106th St.), New (414)271-3624. ington, Ind. 47401. Tel: (812)337-1431. York, N.Y. 10025. Tel: (212)663-3000. Oshkosh: YSA, c/o Pat Tomqska, 1932 Nebraska St., Oshkosh, Wis. LOUISIANA: Baton Rouge: YSA, c/o Craig Biggio, P. 0. Box 18250, OHIO: Ci·ncinnati: YSA, c/a C. R. Mitts, P. 0. Box 32084, Cincinnati, 54901.

22 Speakers: ANDREW PULLEY, So­ cialist Workers Party vice-presiden­ tial candidate; SUSAN WINSTEN, SWP candidate for Congress from the 1Oth C. D. Saturday/March 4 Refreshments 6 p.m./Full-course Buf­ fet Dinner 7:30 p.m./Rally 9 p.m. Tickets are $3, $2 for h.s. students, and may be ordered from Socialist

NAME ______~~~--- Workers Campaign '72, 136 Law­ rence St., Brooklyn, N.Y. 1 1'201. CITY______~--- Telephone: (212) 596-2849• ..-NEW ·cAMPAIGN YORK: LOWER MANHATTAN-1111!!1!11------.. ~ ilitant Rally& Banquet · Presenting New York Socialist Workers Party can­ didates for Congress: JOANNA MISNIK (Lower Man­ SUBSORIBE NOW hattan), ELIZABETH JAYKO (Queens), and HEDDA Enclosed is ( ) $1 for 10 weeks of The Militant; GARZA (Long Island). Featured speaker: ( ) $6 for a one-year subscription; ( ) $1.80 for six months for Gis. Andrew Pulley SWP vice-presidential candidate Saturday/March 4/6 p.m./Tickets $3 Socialist Work­ NAME ______, ers Campaign '72, 706 Broadway, Eighth Floor, ADDRESS New York, N.Y. 10003. Telephone: (212) 982-6051. CITY STATE ___ ZIP__ 14 CHARLES LANE, N.Y., N.Y. 10014 what's in a name? plenty! AP, UPI, Agence France-Presse, Reuters, Hsinhua, Tass, etc., call it "Londonderry." We call it "Derry." To learn why, read Intercontinental Press P.O. Box 116, Village Station, New York, N.Y. 10014 Name! ______tion contains an i on George Street ______Saunders, author of Rebels and Bureaucrats, a study of Solzhenitsyn's Cancer Ward. Speeches, documents and articles detail Stalin's attempt to rewrite the history of the .Russian Revolution. Includes Trotsky's 'Letter City ______State------Zip ______to the Bureau oft Party History,' which was circulated from hand to hand . in hundreds of copies much like the samizdat underground writings of ) Enclosed is $7.50 for 26 issues. today. ) Enclosed is $15 for one year. cloth $8.95, paper $3.45 ) Please send a sample copy. Write for our new 1972 catalog of revolutionary books and PATHFINDER PRESS, 410 West New Yo New York

( ) Enclosed is $2 for 3 months of the ISR and 10 weelcs of The Mil­ itant. ( ) Enclosed is $1 for 3 months of the ISR. ( ) Send me 1 year of the ISR for $5. Name ______

City------State Zip ___

also: YUGOSLAVIA: TOWARD CAPITALISM OR SOCIALISM? by C. Verla; THE HIGH SCHOOL REVOLT I 14 Charles Lane, N.Y., N.Y. 10014. by Steve Chainey; NATIONALISM AND CLASS STRUGGLE by Ernest Mandel; TROTSKY'S 1905: a review by Breitman and a hed article Leon T I

THE MILITANT/MARCH 3, 1972 23 THE MILITANT Peking talkS threaten Indochina revolution By DICK ROBERTS for the Peking bureaucrats' rapproche­ guns~ And they won't be firing It was the 1954 Geneva conference FEB. 23- The spectacle that is being ment with Washington. Peking went blanks." that partitioned Vietnam and ~ve pJayed in Peking before international out of the way to assure that Nixon's The Times' chief correspondent in Washington its political-military base television coverage this week has few trip would not be jeopardized by issu­ the presidential entourage, Max Fran­ in Saigon. Chou played a key role historical comparisons. One is remind­ ing only the mildest criticism when kel, discreetly underlined Washing­ at that time in pressuring the Viet­ ed of the story of Emperor Nero the president reescalated the heavy ton's hopes in a front-page article writ­ minh to accept Washington's terms. "fiddling while Rome burned." But in bombing of Vietnam in December. ten from Peking Feb. 23. Frankel In the Bandung conference, the Pe­ that story only Nero participated in Nixon hopes he can persuade Mao called attention to the prominent role king bureaucracy proclaimed its open­ the travesty. and Chou to bring pressure on Ha­ in the secret talks between Nixon, Kis­ hearted support for such "neutral" cap­ This one involves the top political noi to agree to a settlement that will singer, and Chou played by Chiao italist regimes as that of Sukarno in leadership of two of the three major leave the imperialists a stable foot­ Kuan-hua, a deputy foreign minister Indonesia, where the conference fook world powers. It is being dished up hold in Saigon. This danger is well and the chief Chinese delegate to the place. Mao's "peaceful coexistence" at the cost of hundreds of millions of known to the North Vietnamese lead­ United Nations last fall. with Sukarno helped pave the way dollars. Possibly most ludicrous of ership. This Peking official, Frankel stated, for the 1965 military coup in that all are the so-called news analysts "The North Vietnamese leaders are "has been present on every occasion country and the consequent slaughter of the Cronkite variety who have been watching President Nixon's trip to when Mr. Chou pressed the policy of hundreds of thousands of members discoursing for the last three days China even more anxiously than are of 'coexistence' in international fo­ of the pro-Peking Communist Party on the virtues of Peking cooking, the Kremlin and Generalissimo rums -at the Geneva conference on of Indonesia. Meanwhile U.S. bombers continue Chiang Kai-shek," Christian Science Korea and Indochina in 1954; at the And the 1961-62 Geneva conference to carry out the heaviest air attacks Monitor correspondent Louis Wiznit­ conference of nonaligned nations in on Laos "neutralized" Laos, making on Indochina since 1968. As Presi­ zer reported from Paris in the Feb. Bandung, Indonesia, in 1955 and at room for the CIA's secret army dent Nixon clinked glasses with Pre­ 22 Monitor. the Geneva conference on Laos in and the counterrevolution that was mier Chou En-lai and toasted Mao "Despite all the public statements of 1961-62." launched there under Washington's di­ Tse-tung in the "Great Hall of the full support that they have been get­ rection. People" [the only workers present were ting recently from Moscow and Pe­ The main theme of Nixon's dealings waiters and waitresses] U.S. fighter­ king, the North Vietnamese are wor­ in Peking was caught in an ironic bombers carried out air raids in ried lest a deal be made behind their description in the Feb. 23 Wall Street North Vietnam. back. . . . North Vietnamese and Viet Journal by correspondent Robert President Nixon and the other chief Cong representatives in Paris state as Keatley. "After the full revolutionary political agents of U.S. imperialism firmly as they did last summer, when ballet company had bounded on stage are not in Peking to watch ballets. Mr. Nixon's trip to Peking was an­ for the grand finale and the orchestra Their sordid purposes involve nothing nounced, that 'he knocks at the wrong had struck up the Communist anthem less than the future of world revolu­ door' and that a solution to the Viet­ 'Internationale' while a chorus sang tionary movements, and above all the namese problem can only be found in Ghinese, 'Arise ye prisoners of star­ future of the revolution in Indochina. at the Paris peace talks." vation,' Richard M. Nixon applaud­ The detente that Nixon is seeking A similar view was presented by ed" to formalize with the Peking bureau­ Hoang Tung, editor-in-chief of the of­ · The imperialists have learned to dis~ cracy is aimed at stabilizing imperial­ ficial Hanoi newspaper Nhan Dan, tinguish between the radical pl}.rase­ ist rule in Southeast Asia by utilizing in an interview with British correspon­ ology of the Peking regime and its Peking's policy of "peaceful coexis­ dent David B_oulton, printed by the actual counterrevolutionary foreign tence." New York Times on Feb. 20. Nixon policy. They hope to exploit the lat­ Chairman Mao's backing of the "hopes to win by talking in Peking ter in pressing their global interests. West Pakistani regime as its armies what he has failed to win by fighting It should be expected that any ma­ attempted to liquidate the Bangladesh on the battlefield," Hoang Tung stat­ jor decisions made at the Peking sum­ liberation movement last summer and ed. "He's gone to the wrong place." mit will be kept as secret as the talks. Chou En-Lai's letter of congratula­ The Hanoi official declared that Neither the warmakers in Washing­ tions to Ceylonese Premier Sirimavo "While Nixon gets his 21-gun salute ton nor the bureaucrats in Peking Bandaranaike as her regime slaugh­ in Peking, we'll be giving him a dif­ have the least interest in letting the tered thousands of rebelling Ceylon­ fererl t kind of salute in South Viet­ world know the real content of their ese youth were only the downpayment nam. There will be more than 21 Chou E~lai secret negotiations. West Coast longshoremen return to work By ED HARRIS gotiating Committee who gave minor­ any hours over 36 hours worked in hours of pay at $5 an hour, or the SAN FRANCISCO, Feb. 22-West ity reports) denounce the contract and any week are counted against the sub­ top 36-hour guarantee to 555 workers Coast longshoremen and ship clerks call for a mobilization of labor in sequent 26 weeks. Thus a heavy load in any one week. There are 13,000 are back to work after 135. days on order to resist government interven­ of work in a port one week would longshoremen and ship clerks on the strike. They voted seven-to-three to tion. The ranks just could not see reduce the number of guaranteed West Coast. accept the proposed ·new contract, how such a fight could be won with hours' pay in a later week when a Further, the fund guarantees only which will run until July 1, 1973. the top leadership against it. Nor did longshoreman might, for example, against loss of work due to "techno­ Workers are not very happy with the they see an alternate leadership suf­ work only 10 hours. logical unemployment," not to loss of • new contract, however. They under­ ficiently organized to push the old 2) Any union-organized work stop­ work due to "economic decline." stand that even the 72 cents per hour Bridges leadership aside. So they went page in any port would cancel the Section 9.43 of the contract still wage increase must pass the Pay back to work. guarantee for the entire coast. This states: "Employers shall be entitled to Board, and therefore is not assured. Other factors influenced the vote. is a heavy blow at the militancy that employ steady, skilled mechanical or Before the vote, union meetings to The International Longshoremen's in some ports has maintained a mea~ powered equipment operators without discuss the contract were called in all Association on the East Coast had sure of union job-control. limit as to numbers or length of time 24· West Coast ports. Debate was heat­ extended its contract for 60 days past Much has been made of a $1 per in steady employment." Such "steady­ ed. Among other things, it was point­ the Feb. 14 deadline of the Taft-Hart­ ton tax on containers, which was to men" are guaranteed 1 73 hours pay ed out that this contract is essentially ley injunction. This meant the possibil­ compensate the union for loss of work per month. the same as the one that was voted ity of tying up both coasts was slim. due to use of containers. The con­ This section dates from 1966. It down 14-to-1 on Dec. 17, 1971, when Also, the efforts of Local 10 (San tainers are large metal boxes that hold has served to divide the union and Taft-Hartley procedures forced a vote Francisco) to call a conference of la­ up to 50 tons of cargo. They are undermine the ILWU's traditional on the "employer's last offer." bor in support of the strike had been transported intact from point of ori­ practice of equalizing earnings In several of the major ports, es­ sabotaged. gin to destination, eliminating interim through rotation of all work through pecially in San Francisco and Wil­ The 135-day walkout resolved nei­ handling of cargo. One million con­ the union-controlled hiring hall. All _min~ton, Calif., those who were for ther of the two basic issues of the tainers are expected in international major locals wanted section 9.43 elim­ continuing the strike in defiance of the strike: the guaranteed annual wage trade by 1975. This process elimh:iates inated from the contract. government appeared to have the ma­ .and the hiring hall (or "steady-man") millions of jobs in the transportation For the PMA, steady-men are the jority. Yet all ports voted- "yes," to­ question. The guaranteed-wage settle­ industry. key to undermining the union's con­ taling 71 percent in favor of the con­ ment is full of gimmicks that favor This container tax was to go into trol of the job. Bridges has consis­ tract the employers and make it virtually the union treasury. In the contract, tently sided with the PMA on this ques­ The deciding factor in the vote was meaningless for the workers: . however, it is now agreed that the tion, and in practice has built him­ the threat of government strikebreak­ 1) To draw the guaranteed wage tax will go. to help the shipowners' self a base on the most backward ing. The Bridges leadership. did not a longshoreman must have worked Pacific Maritime Association pay the elements in the union. hesitate to use this threat to force a 80 percent of the average hours of guaranteed wage. The tax money will "Why should a steady-man be con­ "yes" vote. work . in his port prior to the week in fact be used first. The PMA then sidered some sort of fink?" he asks. In vain did local leaders (and even he falls below 36 hours and bec()mes will supplement the fund up to $100,- "What's wrong with knowing where the three members of the Coast Ne- eligible for the guarantee. However, . 000 weekly. This amounts to 20,000 Continued on page 22

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