Strength Properties of Light Weight Aggregate

ISSN 2277-2685 IJESR/March 2017/ Vol-7/Issue-4/30-34 Koneru VS Sukhesh Raja et. al., / International Journal of Engineering & Science Research

STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF LIGHT WEIGHT AGGREGATE CONCRETE WITH SILICA FUME AND METAKAOLIN Koneru VS Sukhesh Raja*1, K Venkateswara Rao2 1PG Scholar (Structural Engineering), Gudlavalleru Engineering College, Gudlavalleru(AP), India. 2Assoc. Prof. (Civil Engineering), Gudlavalleru Engineering College, Gudlavalleru(AP), India. ABSTRACT The Structural aggregate which is produced from environmental, environmental waste is known as the Natural aggregates, synthetic light weight aggregate. The use of light weight concrete reduces the self weight and helps to construct larger precast units. In this experiment we are going to study the Mechanical Properties of a light weight aggregate concrete M50 using the natural light weight aggregate pumice stone as a replacement to coarse aggregate (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%and 50%) and addition of mineral admixture materials Metakaolin and Silica Fume. For this purpose along with a Control Mix, 18 sets are prepared to study the compressive strength, tensile strength and flexural strength. Each set comprises of 6cubes, 3cylinders and 3 prisms. 7and 28-days Compressive test, Tensile Strength and Flexural Strength tests are to be performed in the hardened state. The test results will be showed on overall strength properties in various trails. Therefore, the strength properties of M50 concrete was studied

Keywords: Silica fume, metakaolin, light weight aggregate, pumice stone, mechanical properties, master glenium. 1. INTRODUCTION High strength structural lightweight aggregate concretes are considered as alternatives to concretes made with dense natural aggregate because of the relatively high strength to unit weight ratio that can be achieved. Other reasons for choosing lightweight concrete as a construction material is more attention is being paid to energy conservation and to the usage of waste materials to replace exhaustible natural sources. Lightweight aggregate, due to their cellular structure, can absorb more water than normal weight aggregate. In a 24-hour absorption test, they generally absorb 5 to 20% by mass of dry aggregate, depending on the pore structure of the aggregate. Normally, under conditions of outdoor storage in stockpiles, total moisture content does not exceed two-thirds of that value. This means that lightweight aggregate usually absorb water when placed in a concrete mixture, and the resulting rate of absorption is important in proportioning lightweight concrete. Due to this more absorption of water of light weight aggregate, internal curing will be maintained for a long period. Pumice is a natural material of volcanic origin composed from molten lava rapidly cooling and trapping millions of tiny air bubbles. Pumice aggregate are abundant at the outskirts of volcanic mountains, particularly in Mediterranean area, Rocky Mountains in US, and most part of Turkey and Indonesia. The utilization of Light Weight Aggregate Concrete based on natural lightweight aggregate materials such as pumice has been rather limited, partly due to insufficient quantity obtainable in the early years when the material and production know-how is low and partly due to lack of enthusiasm and industrial interests. Pumice is a natural aggregate of abundant resource around the world and it is environmentally friendly. However, pumice is far from being fully utilized in lightweight concrete at the time being. Concrete structures are generally designed to take advantage of its compressive strength. The primary structural property of concrete that a concrete designer is generally concerned is the compressive strength of concrete at a specific age. Pumice is the only rock that floats on water, although it eventually becomes waterlogged and sinks. Since pumice is a volcanic rock, and retains its useful properties only when it is young and unaltered, pumice deposits are found in areas with young volcanic fields. For high strength silica fume and metakaoline are added to the pumice mix, in current work, the experimental investigation of mechanical properties on the combined effect of MK and SF and pumice will be compared.

*Corresponding Author www.ijesr.org 30

KoneruVS Sukhesh Raja et. al., / International Journal of Engineering & Science Research

2. GENERAL The experimental program was carried out on cubes, cylinders and beams. The details of the materials Used for these specimens and testing procedure incorporated in the test program are presented in the subsequent sections. 2.1 Cement The cement used was ordinary Portland cement of 53- grade (KPC) in accordance with IS: 12269-1987. The Physical properties obtained from various tests are listed in Table1. All tests are carried out in accordance to procedure laid in IS 1489 (Part 1): 1991. Table 1: Physical Properties of Cement

S. No. Property Value Obtained Experimentally Value as per IS: 1489-1991 1. Normal Consistency 32% - 2. Fineness of cement 0.5 Min 0.1 Setting time 3. Initial setting time 42min Min 30 minutes Final setting time 450min Max 600 minutes 4. Specific gravity 3.13 3.15 2.2. Fine Aggregate Local sand was used as fine aggregate in concrete mix. The physical properties and sieve analysis results of sand are shown in Table 2 . Table 2: Physical Properties of Fine Aggregate Property Value Obtained Property Value Obtained Specific gravity 2.62 Water absorption 1.8% Fineness modulus 3.3 Grading Zone Zone II 2.3. Coarse Aggregate Crushed stone aggregate of 20mm size were used for concrete. The physical properties and sieve analysis results of coarse aggregate are shown in Tables 3. Table 3: Physical Properties of Coarse Aggregate S. No. Property Value Obtained 1. Type Crushed 2. Specific gravity 2.75 3. Fineness modulus 7.2 4. Water absorption 1.58% 2.4. Silica Fume Silica fume is a byproduct of the industrial manufacture of ferrosilicon alloys and silicon metabolism high temperature electric arc furnaces. The use of silica fume helps in filling concrete pores resulting in improved impermeability of concrete. Table 4: Physical Properties of Silica Fume

Physical Properties Results Physical Properties Results Physical State Micronized Powder Ph Of 5% Solution 6.90

Odour Odourless Specific Gravity 2.63 Appearance White Colour Powder Moisture 0.058%

Colour White Oil Absorption 55ml/100 Gms

Pack Density 0.76gm/Cc

KoneruVS Sukhesh Raja et. al., / International Journal of Engineering & Science Research

2.5. Metakaolin It is fired (calcined) under carefully controlled conditions to create an amorphous aluminosilicate that is reactive in concrete. Like other pozzolans (fly ash and silica fume are two common pozzolans), metakaolin reacts with the calcium hydroxide (lime) by products produced during cement hydration. Calcium hydroxide accounts for up to 25% of the hydrated Portland cement, and calcium hydroxide does not contribute to the concrete’s strength or durability. Metakaolin combines with the calcium hydroxide to produce Table 5: Properties of metakaolin Physical properties Result APPEARANCE WHITE PH (10% SOLIDS) 4.5 – 5. 5 BULK DENSITY (Kg/Lit0 0. 4 – 0. 5 SPECIFIC GRAVITY 2.6 2.6. Pumice Pumice stone is a natural lightweight aggregate which is formed by the sudden cooling of molten volcanic matter. As compared to other rocks. Pumice is more porous and its density is 420kg/m3. Specific gravity of pumice is 0.83. Size of pumice is between 10 mm to 20 mm

Fig. 1: pumice stone 2.7. MasterGlenium The MasterGlenium SKY 8233 product offering from BASF comprises new generation high-range water- reducing admixtures that are specially formulated for concrete applications where slump retention, high/early strengths and durability are required. Concrete mixtures containing these premier products can be optimized for delivery in remote locations and for use in hot and cold climates. Table 6: Properties of MasterGlenium Properties Test result Aspect Light brown liquid Relative density 1.08 ± 0.01 at 25°C Ph >6 Chloride ion content <0.2% 3. MIX DESIGN FOR M50 GRADE CONCRETE: (IS 10262:2009) In this study, mix design for M50 grade of concrete were done by using guidelines of IS:10262 and IS 456 with the above mentioned fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and mineral admixtures. Silica fume and metakaoline are addition to the cement by percentage. Table 7: Mix Design Water Cement Fine aggregate Coarse aggregate Master glenium(sp) (lts) (kg) (kg) (kg) (kg) 150 520 588 1140 5.2 0.29 1 1.13 2.19 1%of cement

KoneruVS Sukhesh Raja et. al., / International Journal of Engineering & Science Research

4. TEST RESULTS The mechanical properties at different ages and different addition of silica fume and metakaolin are shown in the table 8. For optimum mix came from table 8 different percentages of pumice are shown in table 9. Table 8: Mechanical properties of nominal mix with silica fume and metakaoline as addition to cement Split tensile strength Flexural strength Compressive strength in (N/mm2) in (Mpa) in( Mpa) Mix design 7 DAYS 28 DAYS 28 DAYS 28 DAYS M0 57.2 67.30 4.23 6.29 M1 51.89 62.32 4.13 5.91 M2 56.2 63.00 4.28 6.33 M3 60.72 70.00 4.38 6.86 M4 55.57 67.57 4.18 7.37 M5 55.87 68.00 4.82 7.41 M6 62.37 80.57 4.90 7.88 M7 54.57 66.04 4.56 7.53 M8 56.51 61.79 4.22 7.32 M9 60.89 74.57 4.15 7.56 M10 55.59 72.00 4.23 7.48 M11 58.31 76.25 4.40 7.14 M12 59.06 74.07 4.48 7.44 M13 54.76 67.54 4.54 7.34 M14 56.73 69.33 4.20 6.98 M15 58.26 66.87 3.98 6.73 NOTE:

M M M M M M MIX NAME M0 M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 10 11 12 13 14 15 METAKAOL 0 0 0 0 2.5 2.5 2.5 5.0 5.0 5.0 10 10 10 15 15 15 IN % SILICA 0 5 7.5 10 5 7.5 10 5 7.5 10 5 7.5 10 5 7.5 10 FUME % (Percentage of silica fume and metakaoline addition to cement) Table 9: Mechanical properties of optimum mix with percentage replacement of granite with pumice % replacement of Compressive Strength Tensile Strength Flexural Strength M6 pumice stone 7days 28days 28days 28days 0% 62.37 80.57 4.90 7.88 M.K- 10% 51.95 61.28 4.64 7.29 2.5% 20% 48.70 59.35 3.84 5.97 S.F- 30% 45.78 54.45 3.28 5.17 10% 40% 38.70 43.35 2.97 4.91 50% 35.40 39.40 2.32 4.80

Compressive Strength 100 50 7days 0 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 28days % replacement of pumice stone

CompressiveStrength Fig. 2: Compressive Strength graph

KoneruVS Sukhesh Raja et. al., / International Journal of Engineering & Science Research

Table 10: Weights and density of the cube and concrete per cubic meter after replacing the granite with the pumice stone % replacement of pumice Weight of the cube Density of concrete M6 stone (kg) (kg/m3) 0 9.10 2696.30 10 8.70 2577.78 20 8.32 2459.25 M.K-2.5% 30 8.05 2307.40 S.F-10% 40 7.48 2216.30 50 7.08 2097.77 5. CONCLUSION From the experimental study we came to the conclusion that mechanical properties of concrete shows acceptance up to 30% replacement of the pumice to granite with addition of silica fume and metakaoline to the cement in respective percentages 10%and 2.5%. There after increase in pumice percentage reduces the mechanical properties of the concrete which not applicable for usage REFERENCES [1] Srivastava V, Kumar R, Agarwal VC, Mehta PK.. Effects of silica fume and metakaolin combination on concrete. IJCSE 2012. [2] Suresh Reddy R, Ramakrishnan K. Impact of metakaolin and silica fume on strength characteristics of concrete. International Journal of chemtech research, 2015. [3] Anbarasan A, Venkatesan M. Strength characteristics and durability characteristics of silica fume and metakaolin based concrete. IJIET 2015. [4] Shetty MS. Concrete Technology, theory and practice. [5] Effects of Different Mineral Admixtures on the Properties of Fresh Concrete. Sadaqat Ullah Khan, Muhammad Fadhil Nuruddin, Tehmina Ayub, and Nasir Shafiq. The Scientific World Journal, 2014. [6] Parhizkar T, Najimi M, Pourkhorshidi AR. Application of pumice aggregate in structural lightweight concrete. Asian journal of civil engineering (building and housing) 2012; 13(1): 43-54. [7] Jian-tong D, Zongjin L. Effects of metakaolin and silica fume on properties of concrete. ACI Materials Journal. [8] IS: 456-2000, -- Indian Standard code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete. [9] IS: 10262-2009, -- Indian Standard code of practice recommended guidelines for Concrete Mix Design. [10] IS: 383-1970, -- Indian Standard code of for coarse and fine aggregates from natural sources of concrete.