Climate Change Adaption Strategies in German Regions and Cities-A
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Climate Change Adaption Strategies in German Regions and Cities - a review - Juergen Baumueller, Institute of Landscape Planning and Ecology, University Stuttgart Nicole Baumueller, Office of Urban Planning and Renewal, Capital City of Stuttgart 1 Content • Climate change • German strategy for adaptation to climate change (DAS) • Adaptation Projects (KLIMZUG, KlimaMORO, ExWoSt) • German Federal Building Code (BauGB) • Berlin (StEP KLIMA) • Conclusion 11/12/2011 Prof. Dr. J. Baumueller ILPOE- Institute of Landscape Planning and Ecology, University Stuttgart 2 Temperature change since 1881 Source: GISS, 2011 11/12/2011 Prof. Dr. J. Baumueller ILPOE- Institute of Landscape Planning and Ecology, University Stuttgart 3 Natural catastrophes Source: Munich Re, 2011 11/12/2011 Prof. Dr. J. Baumueller ILPOE- Institute of Landscape Planning and Ecology, University Stuttgart 4 CO2 Reduction for limitation +2°C 11/12/2011 Prof. Dr. J. Baumueller ILPOE- Institute of Landscape Planning and Ecology, University Stuttgart 5 Temperature Change (2071-2100) in Germany (A1B), Mean 1961-1990 Jahr Sommer Source: UBA, 2008 11/12/2011 Prof. Dr. J. Baumueller ILPOE- Institute of Landscape Planning and Ecology, University Stuttgart 6 „City walk“ by climate change Stuttgart Source: EEA, 2009, changed 11/12/2011 Prof. Dr. J. Baumueller ILPOE- Institute of Landscape Planning and Ecology, University Stuttgart 7 Change of precipitation in Germany till 2100 (A1B), Bezug 1961-1990 Sommer Winter Source: UBA, 2008 11/12/2011 Prof. Dr. J. Baumueller ILPOE- Institute of Landscape Planning and Ecology, University Stuttgart 8 Regional Vulnerability in Germany Factor 1: Increase of annual temperature and number of heat days, decrease of summer precipitation Factor 2: Decrease of frost days, increase of heavy rainfall und increase of winter precipitation 11/12/2011 Prof. Dr. J. Baumueller ILPOE- Institute of Landscape Planning and Ecology, University Stuttgart 9 German Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change (DAS) adopted by the German federal cabinet on 17th December 2008(DAS) “The climate is changing worldwide. These climate changes are bringing about changes in the conditions under which people live – and Germany is no exception. Experts expect far- reaching consequences if we do not succeed in at least keeping global climate change within limits. The long-term objective of Germany and the European Union is therefore to limit the rise in mean global temperature to 2°C above the pre-industrial level, which requires a substantial reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. Even with a limited temperature rise of this magnitude, the environmental, social and economic consequences of the climate change that is already taking place will make their effects felt.” Source: DWD, 2011 11/12/2011 Prof. Dr. J. Baumueller ILPOE- Institute of Landscape Planning and Ecology, University Stuttgart 10 German Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change 11/12/2011 Prof. Dr. J. Baumueller ILPOE- Institute of Landscape Planning and Ecology, University Stuttgart 11 “Action plan adaptation” of German Adaptation Strategy to climate change ?make knowledge available ?Legal framework and foundingsetting by Federal Government ?Activitiesin responsibilityby Federal Government August 31, 2011 ?International responsibility 11/12/2011 Prof. Dr. J. Baumueller ILPOE- Institute of Landscape Planning and Ecology, University Stuttgart 12 11/12/2011 Prof. Dr. J. Baumueller ILPOE- Institute of Landscape Planning and Ecology, University Stuttgart 13 Impacts of climate change on nature and society (in red sectors of main impacts for cities) Human health Building sector Rain water management Water regime, coastal and marine protection Soil Biological diversity Agriculture Forestry and forest management Fishery Energy industry (conversion, transport and supply) Financial services industry Transport, transport infrastructure Trade and industry Tourism industry Cross-sectional topics: Spatial, regional and physical development planning and civil protection 11/12/2011 Prof. Dr. J. Baumueller ILPOE- Institute of Landscape Planning and Ecology, University Stuttgart 14 Project “Klimzug -climate change in regions” (83 Mio. €) KLIMZUG-NORD Strategic Approaches to Climate Change Adaptation in the Hamburg Metropolitan Region nordwest2050 Prospects for Climate-Adapted Innovation, Processes in the Model Region Bremen-Oldenburg in North Western Germany DynAKlim Dynamic Adaptation to the Effects of Climate Change in the Emscher-Lippe region (Ruhr basin) KLIMZUG Nordhessen Transdisciplinary Network for Climate Adaptation in the Model Region of Northern Hessen RADOST Regional Adaptation Strategies for the German Baltic Sea Coast INKA BB Innovation Network for Climate Change, Adaptation Brandenburg Berlin REGKLAM Development and Testing of an Integrated, Regional Climate Change Adaptation 11/12/2011 Prof. Dr. J. Baumueller ILPOE- Institute of Landscape Planning and Ecology, University Stuttgart 15 http://www.regionaler-klimaatlas.de/ 11/12/2011 Prof. Dr. J. Baumueller ILPOE- Institute of Landscape Planning and Ecology, University Stuttgart 16 Project „KlimaMORO“ With the „model projects of spatial planning” (KlimaMORO) the Federal Ministry for traffic, building and town development (BMVBS) supports the practical testing and conversion of innovative regional actions and instruments to the climate change in co-operation between science and practice, i.e. with participants locally in the regions. In the center of attention thereby is the increase of heat in the cities, droughts and intensified high and low water events. KlimaMORO Projekte in der BRD (http://www.bbsr.bund.de/) 11/12/2011 Prof. Dr. J. Baumueller ILPOE- Institute of Landscape Planning and Ecology, University Stuttgart 17 KlimaMORO (spatial development strategies for climate change) Regions(8) Main Topics Vorpommern Adaptation to changing coast dynamic Havelland-Fläming Water management in the Havel lowland Westsachsen Climate change-Strategies in the Colditz Forest Oberes Elbtal/Osterzgebirge Regional consensus Strategy for forest increase Mittel-und Südhessen Municipal guideline for settlement climate Mittlerer Oberrhein/Nordschwarzwald Interdisciplinary action program Region Stuttgart Heat load and health by climate change climate information system Neumark/Oberpfalz New energy extension Participative development of climate adaptation strategy 11/12/2011 Prof. Dr. J. Baumueller ILPOE- Institute of Landscape Planning and Ecology, University Stuttgart 18 Project „Klima ExWoSt“ of BBSR/BMVBS The research focus I "Urban Strategies And Potentials For Climate Change" started in December 2009 with nine pilot projects that are being carried out until 2012. The intention is to find a manageable number of municipalities and cities in Germany for compiling and implementing specific strategies and actions. The study aims at finding cognition and initiating measures, how to combine a climate change-proof urban development by urban concepts. Starting in spring 2010 research focus II started to develop eight pilot projects "Strategies for the Real Estate and Housing Industry". 11/12/2011 Prof. Dr. J. Baumueller ILPOE- Institute of Landscape Planning and Ecology, University Stuttgart 19 KlimaExWoSt -Urban strategies for climate change - municipal strategies and potential- Climate change and extreme events from spatial planning in municipalities Region (9) Main Topics City Region Aachen Climate friendly development of commercial areas City Bad Liebenwerda A comfortable city in climate change City Essen City is facing the climate change City Jena JenKAS climate - and adaptation strategy Regional association Karlsruhe Inside development versus climate comfort City Nürnberg Nürnberg adaptation strategy against climate change City Regensburg UNESCO heritage Old Town – historical heat store City Saarbrücken Urban free space planning for adaptation measures City Syke Act responsible in climate change 11/12/2011 Prof. Dr. J. Baumueller ILPOE- Institute of Landscape Planning and Ecology, University Stuttgart 20 German Federal Building Code (Baugesetzbuch) (1976, 2004) • the requirements of environmental protection • nature protection and the preservation of the countryside • ecological balance in nature, and of water, the air, and the climate, • In preparing land-use plans, public and private interests are to be duly weighed. • A very important demand since 2004 is to involve the public more in to the planning process and to produce evironmental reports (EIA) 11/12/2011 Prof. Dr. J. Baumueller ILPOE- Institute of Landscape Planning and Ecology, University Stuttgart 21 Climate and planning measurements Investigation calculations analyses Diagnosis vulnerability adaptation measures Therapy mitigationmeasures Urban climate friendly planning and urban design 11/12/2011 Prof. Dr. J. Baumueller ILPOE- Institute of Landscape Planning and Ecology, University Stuttgart 22 Climate analyses in big German Cities City* Urban climate Planning Bio climate Citywide Urban climate Climate adap- maps maps map analyses tation strategy Berlin 1993, 2009 1993, 2009 2000, 2010 since 1993 draft Hamburg 2009 2010 2010 München 1986 - - 1986 - Köln 1997 2003 verbal 2010 1985 - Frankfurt 1977+2010 2010 2010 since 1977 Stuttgart 1992+2008 1992+2008 (2008) since 1938 in preparation Düsseldorf 1996 1996 - 1996 - Dortmund after 2001 after 2001 - after 2001 - Essen 2002+2009 2002 - 2002 - Bremen - - - - guideline Hannover 2006 2006 - 2006 working groups Leipzig 1995 - - 1992 - Dresden 1998 1998 1998 1998 in preparation