Climate Change Adaption Strategies in German Regions and Cities - a review -
Juergen Baumueller, Institute of Landscape Planning and Ecology, University Stuttgart Nicole Baumueller, Office of Urban Planning and Renewal, Capital City of Stuttgart
1 Content
• Climate change
• German strategy for adaptation to climate change (DAS)
• Adaptation Projects (KLIMZUG, KlimaMORO, ExWoSt)
• German Federal Building Code (BauGB)
• Berlin (StEP KLIMA)
• Conclusion
11/12/2011 Prof. Dr. J. Baumueller ILPOE- Institute of Landscape Planning and Ecology, University Stuttgart 2 Temperature change since 1881
Source: GISS, 2011
11/12/2011 Prof. Dr. J. Baumueller ILPOE- Institute of Landscape Planning and Ecology, University Stuttgart 3 Natural catastrophes
Source: Munich Re, 2011
11/12/2011 Prof. Dr. J. Baumueller ILPOE- Institute of Landscape Planning and Ecology, University Stuttgart 4 CO2 Reduction for limitation +2°C
11/12/2011 Prof. Dr. J. Baumueller ILPOE- Institute of Landscape Planning and Ecology, University Stuttgart 5 Temperature Change (2071-2100) in Germany (A1B), Mean 1961-1990
Jahr Sommer
Source: UBA, 2008
11/12/2011 Prof. Dr. J. Baumueller ILPOE- Institute of Landscape Planning and Ecology, University Stuttgart 6 „City walk“ by climate change
Stuttgart
Source: EEA, 2009, changed
11/12/2011 Prof. Dr. J. Baumueller ILPOE- Institute of Landscape Planning and Ecology, University Stuttgart 7 Change of precipitation in Germany till 2100 (A1B), Bezug 1961-1990
Sommer Winter
Source: UBA, 2008
11/12/2011 Prof. Dr. J. Baumueller ILPOE- Institute of Landscape Planning and Ecology, University Stuttgart 8 Regional Vulnerability in Germany
Factor 1: Increase of annual temperature and number of heat days, decrease of summer precipitation
Factor 2: Decrease of frost days, increase of heavy rainfall und increase of winter precipitation
11/12/2011 Prof. Dr. J. Baumueller ILPOE- Institute of Landscape Planning and Ecology, University Stuttgart 9 German Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change (DAS) adopted by the German federal cabinet on 17th December 2008(DAS)
“The climate is changing worldwide. These climate changes are bringing about changes in the conditions under which people live – and Germany is no exception. Experts expect far- reaching consequences if we do not succeed in at least keeping global climate change within limits. The long-term objective of Germany and the European Union is therefore to limit the rise in mean global temperature to 2°C above the pre-industrial level, which requires a substantial reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. Even with a limited temperature rise of this magnitude, the environmental, social and economic consequences of the climate change that is already taking place will make their effects felt.”
Source: DWD, 2011
11/12/2011 Prof. Dr. J. Baumueller ILPOE- Institute of Landscape Planning and Ecology, University Stuttgart 10 German Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change
11/12/2011 Prof. Dr. J. Baumueller ILPOE- Institute of Landscape Planning and Ecology, University Stuttgart 11 “Action plan adaptation” of German Adaptation Strategy to climate change
?make knowledge available
?Legal framework and foundingsetting by Federal Government
?Activitiesin responsibilityby Federal Government
August 31, 2011 ?International responsibility
11/12/2011 Prof. Dr. J. Baumueller ILPOE- Institute of Landscape Planning and Ecology, University Stuttgart 12 11/12/2011 Prof. Dr. J. Baumueller ILPOE- Institute of Landscape Planning and Ecology, University Stuttgart 13 Impacts of climate change on nature and society (in red sectors of main impacts for cities)
Human health Building sector Rain water management Water regime, coastal and marine protection Soil Biological diversity Agriculture Forestry and forest management Fishery Energy industry (conversion, transport and supply) Financial services industry Transport, transport infrastructure Trade and industry Tourism industry
Cross-sectional topics: Spatial, regional and physical development planning and civil protection
11/12/2011 Prof. Dr. J. Baumueller ILPOE- Institute of Landscape Planning and Ecology, University Stuttgart 14 Project “Klimzug -climate change in regions” (83 Mio. €)
KLIMZUG-NORD Strategic Approaches to Climate Change Adaptation in the Hamburg Metropolitan Region nordwest2050 Prospects for Climate-Adapted Innovation, Processes in the Model Region Bremen-Oldenburg in North Western Germany DynAKlim Dynamic Adaptation to the Effects of Climate Change in the Emscher-Lippe region (Ruhr basin) KLIMZUG Nordhessen Transdisciplinary Network for Climate Adaptation in the Model Region of Northern Hessen RADOST Regional Adaptation Strategies for the German Baltic Sea Coast INKA BB Innovation Network for Climate Change, Adaptation Brandenburg Berlin REGKLAM Development and Testing of an Integrated, Regional Climate Change Adaptation
11/12/2011 Prof. Dr. J. Baumueller ILPOE- Institute of Landscape Planning and Ecology, University Stuttgart 15 http://www.regionaler-klimaatlas.de/
11/12/2011 Prof. Dr. J. Baumueller ILPOE- Institute of Landscape Planning and Ecology, University Stuttgart 16 Project „KlimaMORO“
With the „model projects of spatial planning” (KlimaMORO) the Federal Ministry for traffic, building and town development (BMVBS) supports the practical testing and conversion of innovative regional actions and instruments to the climate change in co-operation between science and practice, i.e. with participants locally in the regions.
In the center of attention thereby is the increase of heat in the cities, droughts and intensified high and low water events.
KlimaMORO Projekte in der BRD (http://www.bbsr.bund.de/)
11/12/2011 Prof. Dr. J. Baumueller ILPOE- Institute of Landscape Planning and Ecology, University Stuttgart 17 KlimaMORO (spatial development strategies for climate change)
Regions(8) Main Topics
Vorpommern Adaptation to changing coast dynamic Havelland-Fläming Water management in the Havel lowland Westsachsen Climate change-Strategies in the Colditz Forest Oberes Elbtal/Osterzgebirge Regional consensus Strategy for forest increase Mittel-und Südhessen Municipal guideline for settlement climate Mittlerer Oberrhein/Nordschwarzwald Interdisciplinary action program Region Stuttgart Heat load and health by climate change climate information system Neumark/Oberpfalz New energy extension Participative development of climate adaptation strategy
11/12/2011 Prof. Dr. J. Baumueller ILPOE- Institute of Landscape Planning and Ecology, University Stuttgart 18 Project „Klima ExWoSt“ of BBSR/BMVBS
The research focus I "Urban Strategies And Potentials For Climate Change" started in December 2009 with nine pilot projects that are being carried out until 2012. The intention is to find a manageable number of municipalities and cities in Germany for compiling and implementing specific strategies and actions.
The study aims at finding cognition and initiating measures, how to combine a climate change-proof urban development by urban concepts.
Starting in spring 2010 research focus II started to develop eight pilot projects "Strategies for the Real Estate and Housing Industry".
11/12/2011 Prof. Dr. J. Baumueller ILPOE- Institute of Landscape Planning and Ecology, University Stuttgart 19 KlimaExWoSt -Urban strategies for climate change - municipal strategies and potential- Climate change and extreme events from spatial planning in municipalities
Region (9) Main Topics City Region Aachen Climate friendly development of commercial areas City Bad Liebenwerda A comfortable city in climate change
City Essen City is facing the climate change
City Jena JenKAS climate - and adaptation strategy
Regional association Karlsruhe Inside development versus climate comfort
City Nürnberg Nürnberg adaptation strategy against climate change City Regensburg UNESCO heritage Old Town – historical heat store City Saarbrücken Urban free space planning for adaptation measures City Syke Act responsible in climate change
11/12/2011 Prof. Dr. J. Baumueller ILPOE- Institute of Landscape Planning and Ecology, University Stuttgart 20 German Federal Building Code (Baugesetzbuch) (1976, 2004)
• the requirements of environmental protection
• nature protection and the preservation of the countryside
• ecological balance in nature, and of water, the air, and the climate,
• In preparing land-use plans, public and private interests are to be duly weighed. • A very important demand since 2004 is to involve the public more in to the planning process and to produce evironmental reports (EIA)
11/12/2011 Prof. Dr. J. Baumueller ILPOE- Institute of Landscape Planning and Ecology, University Stuttgart 21 Climate and planning
measurements Investigation calculations
analyses Diagnosis vulnerability
adaptation measures Therapy mitigationmeasures
Urban climate friendly planning and urban design
11/12/2011 Prof. Dr. J. Baumueller ILPOE- Institute of Landscape Planning and Ecology, University Stuttgart 22 Climate analyses in big German Cities
City* Urban climate Planning Bio climate Citywide Urban climate Climate adap- maps maps map analyses tation strategy
Berlin 1993, 2009 1993, 2009 2000, 2010 since 1993 draft Hamburg 2009 2010 2010 München 1986 - - 1986 - Köln 1997 2003 verbal 2010 1985 - Frankfurt 1977+2010 2010 2010 since 1977 Stuttgart 1992+2008 1992+2008 (2008) since 1938 in preparation Düsseldorf 1996 1996 - 1996 - Dortmund after 2001 after 2001 - after 2001 - Essen 2002+2009 2002 - 2002 - Bremen - - - - guideline Hannover 2006 2006 - 2006 working groups Leipzig 1995 - - 1992 - Dresden 1998 1998 1998 1998 in preparation Nürnberg 2011 2011 2011 2010 in preparation
* A lot of smaller cities have citywide urban climate analyses and maps in Germany
11/12/2011 Prof. Dr. J. Baumueller ILPOE- Institute of Landscape Planning and Ecology, University Stuttgart 23 Baugesetzbuch (Federal Building Code)(2011) BGBL I S. 1509 vom 29.07.2011
2. § 1 paragraph5 phrase 2
“They are to contribute to secure a human being-worthy environment to protect and develop the natural bases of life as well as climate protection and the climatic adaptation ,to promote in particular also in the town development ……..
3. § the 1a following paragraph 5 is added:
„(5) the requirements of climate protection by measures of mitigation as well as adaptation to the climate change must be taken into account. The principle in accordance with sentence 1 is to be considered in the consideration in accordance with § 1 paragraph 7. “
11/12/2011 Prof. Dr. J. Baumueller ILPOE- Institute of Landscape Planning and Ecology, University Stuttgart 24 Some words about Berlin
11/12/2011 Prof. Dr. J. Baumueller ILPOE- Institute of Landscape Planning and Ecology, University Stuttgart 25 StEP KLIMA - Berlin The StepKLIMA concentrates on topics of spatial planning. It defines in four fields of action a gradated and spatially differentiated background with aims and measures for climatic adaptation and climate protection in Berlin:
• Bio climate in the residential area • Green and open spaces • Water quality and heavy rain • Climate protection (Mitigation)
For the four action fields so called “No-Regret-Measures “ are suggested . No regret means: These measures improve independently of the actually adjusting climatic development today the quality of life and contribute the operability of urban structures. The new political task of climatic adaptationrequires information, communication and participation processes on several levels. They must start parallel to the operation.
The local government presented at first step the draft of a “Plan for Climatic Action” on May 2011
11/12/2011 Prof. Dr. J. Baumueller ILPOE- Institute of Landscape Planning and Ecology, University Stuttgart 26 Concept of the StEP KLIMA Berlin
• Looking for spheres of activities
• Spatial analyses of vulnerability
• Aims of adaptation to climate change (Adaptation and Mitigation)
• Concept of measures
• Work out of a action plan
11/12/2011 Prof. Dr. J. Baumueller ILPOE- Institute of Landscape Planning and Ecology, University Stuttgart 27 On the way to a adaptation strategy StEP Klima (Urban development plan Climate)
11/12/2011 Prof. Dr. J. Baumueller ILPOE- Institute of Landscape Planning and Ecology, University Stuttgart 28 Increase of days with heat load till 2071-2100 in Berlin
11/12/2011 Prof. Dr. J. Baumueller ILPOE- Institute of Landscape Planning and Ecology, University Stuttgart 29 Source: GEONET, 2011
11/12/2011 Prof. Dr. J. Baumueller ILPOE- Institute of Landscape Planning and Ecology, University Stuttgart 30 Tasks and aims of the StEP KLIMA
• Input to climate change mitigation and adaptation on the spatial planning (city wide)
• Citywide climatic investigation (Scale 1 : 50 000) and loupes for special locations
• Consideration of urban design, open space and landscape aspects with a integrated strategic concept
• Consideration of existing mitigation activities
• Development to a climatic friendly city, creation and protection of healthy living conditions and a high living standard
11/12/2011 Prof. Dr. J. Baumueller ILPOE- Institute of Landscape Planning and Ecology, University Stuttgart 31 Conclusion
Climate adaptation strategies for cities and regions in Germany just started!
• We need good climatic analyses for the cities and regions for today but also for future times
• We need guidelines for adaptation in the cities and regions
• We need individual adaptation concepts for the cities and regions
• We need interdisciplinary adaptation strategies
• We need examples of good practices
11/12/2011 Prof. Dr. J. Baumueller ILPOE- Institute of Landscape Planning and Ecology, University Stuttgart 32 Municipalities on climate change Ways for adaptation
Handbook Urban climate Measures and action concepts for cities and city regions for adaptation to climate change
11/12/2011 Prof. Dr. J. Baumueller ILPOE- Institute of Landscape Planning and Ecology, University Stuttgart 33 Climate pilot – Internet guideline for adaptation to climate change
11/12/2011 Prof. Dr. J. Baumueller ILPOE- Institute of Landscape Planning and Ecology, University Stuttgart 34 We need Adaptation! Thank you for your attention!
11/12/2011 Prof. Dr. J. Baumueller ILPOE- Institute of Landscape Planning and Ecology, University Stuttgart 35 Prof. Dr. Juergen Baumueller
Institute of Landscape Planning and Ecology University Stuttgart [email protected] Tel.: +49 (0) 711 444795
Dipl.-Ing. Nicole Baumüller Office of Urban Planning and Urban Renewal Stuttgart + PHD Student at the University of Stuttgart, Department of Urban Planning [email protected]
11/12/2011 Prof. Dr. J. Baumueller ILPOE- Institute of Landscape Planning and Ecology, University Stuttgart 36