Klimauntersuchungen in Jena Für Die Anpassung an Den Klimawandel Und Seine Erwarteten Folgen

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Klimauntersuchungen in Jena Für Die Anpassung an Den Klimawandel Und Seine Erwarteten Folgen Berichte des Deutschen Wetterdienstes 243 Klimauntersuchungen in Jena für die Anpassung an den Klimawandel und seine erwarteten Folgen Ein Ergebnisbericht von Kristin Hoffmann, Wolfgang Bivour, Barbara Früh, Meinolf Koßmann, Peter-Hinrich Voß Offenbach am Main 2014 Selbstverlag des Deutschen Wetterdienstes Berichte des Deutschen Wetterdienstes 243 Klimauntersuchungen in Jena für die Anpassung an den Klimawandel und seine erwarteten Folgen Ein Ergebnisbericht von Kristin Hoffmann, Wolfgang Bivour, Barbara Früh, Meinolf Koßmann, Peter-Hinrich Voß Offenbach am Main 20142014 Selbstverlag des Deutschen Wetterdienstes Zitationsvorschlag: Hoffmann, Kristin; Bivour, Wolfgang; Früh, Barbara; Koßmann, Meinolf; Voß, Peter-Hinrich (Hrsg.: Deutscher Wetterdienst): Klimauntersuchungen in Jena für die Anpassung an den Klimawandel und seine erwarteten Folgen. Ein Ergebnisbericht. Offenbach am Main: Selbstverlag des Deutschen Wetterdienstes, 2014. (Berichte des Deutschen Wetterdienstes ; 243) ISSN der Online-Ausgabe: 2194-5969 ISBN 978-3-88148-471-8 Nutzungsbedingungen: Dieses Dokument steht unter folgender Creative Commons-Lizenz: Sie dürfen das Werk bzw. den Inhalt unter folgenden Bedingungen vervielfältigen, verbreiten und öffentlich zugänglich machen: Sie müssen den Namen des Autors/Rechteinhabers in der von ihm festgelegten Weise nennen. Dieses Werk bzw. dieser Inhalt darf nicht für kommerzielle Zwecke verwendet werden und es darf nicht bearbeitet, abgewandelt oder in anderer Weise verändert werden. Mit der Verwendung dieses Dokumentes erkennen Sie die Nutzungsbedingungen an. Die in den DWD-Berichten veröffentlichten Texte werden allein von ihren jeweiligen Autoren verantwortet; die darin zum Ausdruck gebrachte Meinung entspricht nicht notwendig der Meinung des Herausgebers (Deutscher Wetterdienst). Fachliche Durchsicht: Ursel Behrens, Kristin Hoffmann Herausgeber und Verlag: Anschrift der Autoren: Deutscher Wetterdienst Kristin Hoffmann Dr. Barbara Früh Fachinformationsstelle und Wolfgang Bivour Dr. Meinolf Koßmann Deutsche Meteorologische Bibliothek Peter-Hinrich Voß Frankfurter Straße 135 Deutscher Wetterdienst Deutscher Wetterdienst 63067 Offenbach Abt. Klima- und Umweltberatung Abt. Klima- und Umweltberatung [email protected] Michendorfer Chaussee 23 Frankfurter Straße 135 www.dwd.de 14473 Potsdam 63067 Offenbach Zusammenfassung Im Rahmen des vom Bundesministerium für Verkehr, Bau und Stadtentwicklung (BMVBS) initiierten Forschungsprogrammes „Experimenteller Wohnungs- und Städtebau“ (ExWoSt) mit dem Schwerpunkt „Kommunale Strategien und Potenziale zum Klimawandel“ führte der Deutsche Wetterdienst (DWD) umfangreiche stadtklimatologische Untersuchungen für die Stadt Jena mit ihrem Modellvorhaben „Jenaer Klima-Anpassungs-Strategie“ (JenKAS) durch. Die Untersuchungen des DWD hatten die Messung und Simulation der sommerlichen Temperaturverhältnisse und nächtlichen Kaltluftverhältnisse für die städtebauliche Ist-Situation und einen Planfall zum Ziel. Aus den Simulationsresultaten geht hervor, dass vor dem Hintergrund des voranschreitenden Klimawandels in Jena bis zur Mitte des Jahrhunderts mit einer zunehmenden Wärmebelastung zu rechnen ist, die lokal dort verstärkt auftreten kann, wo das Klimaänderungssignal durch städtebauliche Verdichtungsmaßnahmen überlagert wird. Die Schaffung neuer Grünflächen kann hingegen eher eine Minderung der Wärmebelastung bewirken. Die Existenz eines vermuteten, bislang aber nicht ausreichend belegten nächtlichen Saaletalwindes konnte im Rahmen der Untersuchungen nachgewiesen werden. Trotz seiner nur moderaten Windgeschwindigkeiten trägt er durch sein häufiges Auftreten signifikant zur nächtlichen Kühlung und Durchlüftung der Stadt Jena bei. Die Ergebnisse der DWD-Untersuchungen flossen in die Erstellung einer Klimafunktionskarte der Firma Thüringer Institut für Nachhaltigkeit und Klimaschutz (ThINK) ein, die für die Stadt Jena die Basis zur Erarbeitung einer klimaangepassten Stadtentwicklung darstellt. Summary In the context of the research programme “Experimental Housing and Urban Development” (ExWoSt) and the appendant research area “Urban Strategies and Potentials to Tackle Climate Change”, initiated by the Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development (BMVBS), the German Meteorological Service (DWD) conducted a thorough study for Jena and its project “Jena´s climate adaptation strategy” (JenKAS). The climatological investigations of DWD aimed at measuring and simulating thermal characteristics for the summer season and nocturnal cold air characteristics for the current urban-planning state and a hypothetical future urban- planning state. Climate simulations for recent and future regional climate conditions show that urban heat load will generally increase until mid-century for the case of negligible urban development. Simulations for the hypothetical urban-planning state prove that this increase in heat load will be strongly enhanced in areas of hypothetical urbanization, while conversion of built-up areas into green spaces will alleviate the effects of regional climate change. Moreover, the existence and moderate intensity of a so far assumed nocturnal down-valley wind, the so-called Saale Valley wind, was proven. Due to their frequent occurrence these down-valley winds significantly contribute to the ventilation and cooling of Jena during nighttime. Finally, the results of DWD´s investigations provided a basis for the “Thuringian Institute for Sustainability and Climate Protection” (ThINK) to generate a map of climate functions, which in turn served as a basis for Jena`s “Municipal Department of City Planning” to establish a climate-adapted urban development strategy. Inhalt 1 Einleitung........................................................................................................... 7 1.1 Problemrahmen ................................................................................................... 7 1.2 Ziel ...................................................................................................................... 9 1.3 Aufbau ................................................................................................................. 9 1.4 Vorgehen ........................................................................................................... 10 2 Das Untersuchungsgebiet ............................................................................... 11 2.1 Lage, Ausdehnung und bevölkerungsstatistische Angaben .............................. 11 2.2 Naturräumliche Einordnung .............................................................................. 12 2.3 Flächennutzung ................................................................................................. 12 3 Das Untersuchungskonzept ............................................................................ 13 3.1 Messnetz und Computersimulationen ............................................................... 13 3.2 Verwendete Wetterstationen ............................................................................. 14 3.3 Profilmessfahrten, Schwachwindmessungen und Rauchpatronenexperiment .. 16 4 Datengrundlage ............................................................................................... 18 5 Untersuchungsergebnisse ............................................................................... 19 5.1 Allgemeine Bemerkungen ................................................................................. 19 5.2 Klimaanalyse ..................................................................................................... 20 5.2.1 Lufttemperatur ........................................................................................... 20 5.2.2 Niederschlag und Schneebedeckung ......................................................... 23 5.2.3 Relative Luftfeuchte und Nebel ................................................................. 26 5.2.4 Sonnenscheindauer und Bewölkung .......................................................... 27 5.2.5 Windverhältnisse ....................................................................................... 29 5.2.6 Exkurs: Kaltluftflüsse ................................................................................ 33 5.2.7 Exkurs: Inversion ....................................................................................... 37 5.3 Fünfmonatige Messungen im Zeitraum vom 01.05. – 30.09.2011 ................... 38 5.3.1 Vorbemerkungen ....................................................................................... 38 5.3.2 Analyse der Messungen an den temporären und stationären Wetterstationen .......................................................................................... 40 4 5.3.3 Analyse der thermischen Profilmessfahrten .............................................. 54 5.3.4 Analyse der Schwachwindmessungen ....................................................... 61 5.3.5 Analyse zum Einsatz der Rauchpatronen .................................................. 62 5.4 Vergleich von Mess- und Simulationsergebnissen ........................................... 63 5.4.1 Messungen und KLAM_21-Simulationen ................................................. 63 5.4.2 Messungen und MUKLIMO_3-Simulationen ........................................... 66 6 Hinweise ........................................................................................................... 68 6.1 Allgemeine Bemerkungen ................................................................................. 68 6.2 Schlussbemerkungen
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