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27 www.foi.am íáÕ ³åñ³ÝùÇ Í³í³ÉÝ ¿: ²Ûëûñ г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ ¿ Ù³ùë³ÛÇÝ áÉáñïáõÙ ³é³ç³óáÕ ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·ã³ÛÇÝ ï»ËÝÇϳÛÇ ëå³éáõÙÁ ÷áù- ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý 4 áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ` ϳåí³Í Ý»ñ- ñ³Í³í³É ¿, Ñ»ï»õ³μ³ñ Ý»ñÏñíáÕ ³åñ³ÝùÝ»- ÙáõÍÙ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï §ÏáÕÙÝáñáßÇã ·Ý»ñǦ ÏÇ- ñÇ Í³í³ÉÝ ¿É` ÷áùñ: ²Ûë å³ñ³·³ÛáõÙ Ý»ñÏñ- ñ³éÙ³Ý, ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ Ï³Ù ë³ñù³íáñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ù³Ý Í³Ëë»ñÝ ³½¹áõÙ »Ý ÷áùñ ͳí³ÉÝ»ñÇ ³ñï³Ñ³ÝÙ³Ý (í»ñ³³ñï³Ñ³ÝÙ³Ý) ¹Åí³ñáõ- íñ³, »õ í³×³éùÇ ·ÇÝÝ ¿É, Ñ»ï»õ³μ³ñ, ³í»ÉÇ ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ, ³í»É³óí³Í ³ñÅ»ùÇ Ñ³ñÏÁ ë³ÑÙ³- μ³ñÓñ ¿ ëï³óíáõÙ: §úñÇݳÏ` ÝáõÛÝ é»·ÇáÝ³É ÝÇÝ ã·³ÝÓ»Éáõ, ²²Ð-Ç ·»ñ³í׳ñÝ»ñÁ »ï ëï³- ·Ý»ñÁ ï³ñμ»ñíáõÙ »Ý г۳ëï³ÝÇ »õ èáõë³ë- ݳÉáõ, »ñ³ßËÇù³ÛÇÝ ëå³ë³ñÏÙ³Ý Ý»ñùá ·ïÝ- ï³ÝÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ` ϳåí³Í ëå³éÙ³Ý Í³í³ÉÝ»ñÇ íáÕ ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ ÷á˳ݳÏÙ³Ý Ñ»ï: ²é³- Ñ»ï: àñù³Ý Ý»ñÙáõÍÙ³Ý Í³í³ÉÝ»ñÁ ÷áùñ »Ý, ç³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÷³Ã»ÃÇÝ ïñí³Í å³ï³ë- ³ÛÝù³Ý ·Ý»ñÁ ³í»ÉÇ Ã³ÝÏ »Ý: ºÃ» Ù»Ýù ·Ýáõ٠˳ÝáõÙ ÙÇ³Ï Ñáõë³¹ñáÕ »õ ¹ñ³Ï³Ý ÏáÕÙÝ ³ÛÝ »Ýù 50 ѳٳϳñ·Çã, ³ñï³¹ñáÕ ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¿, áñ ÐРβ å»ï³Ï³Ý »Ï³ÙáõïÝ»ñÇ ÏáÙÇï»Ý Ñ»ï ã»Ýù ϳñáÕ Ñ³ïáõÏ ·ÇÝ å³Ûٳݳíáñí»É, Çñ å³ïñ³ëï³Ï³ÙáõÃÛáõÝÝ ¿ ѳÛïÝ»É ³ß˳- ÇëÏ »Ã» éáõë³Ï³Ý ÙÇ ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ ·ÝáõÙ ¿ ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ Ï³ñ·áí ùÝݳñÏ»Éáõ »õ å³ñ½³μ³- 50000 ѳٳϳñ·Çã, ³ñ¹»Ý Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ Ý»Éáõ μ³ñ»÷áËáõÙÝ»ñÇ ÷³Ã»ÃáõÙ μ³ñÓñ³ó- áõÝÇ ë³Ï³ñÏ»Éáõ¦,- å³ñ½³μ³ÝáõÙ ¿ §ÚáõÝÇ- í³Í μáÉáñ ѳñó»ñÁ: §ºÃ» Ù»Ýù ѳٳ·áñͳÏ- ùáÙ÷¦ ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ïÝûñ»ÝÁ: ó»Ýù å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ»ï, ³Û¹ μáÉáñ ËݹÇñÝ»ñÁ ϳñáÕ »Ý ÉáõÍí»É, ë³ ¿É Çñ Ñ»ñÃÇÝ Ï³Ýñ³¹³é- سùë³ÛÇÝ áÉáñïáõÙ ³é³ç³óáÕ ÝÙ³Ý ÙÇ ß³ñù ݳ ëå³ë³ñÏÙ³Ý áñ³ÏÇ »õ ·ÝÇ íñ³, áñÝ ¿É ϳ- ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý Ýå³ï³Ïáí ¿É î»Õ»Ï³ï- ñáÕ ¿ μ»ñ»É ͳí³ÉÝ»ñÇ ³í»É³óÙ³Ý: ̳í³ÉÝ»- í³Ï³Ý ï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³Ý»ñÇ Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ñÇ ³í»É³óáõÙÝ ¿É Çñ Ñ»ñÃÇÝ Ïμ»ñÇ ÙÛáõë ûμÛ»Ï- ÙÇáõÃÛ³Ý, Ò»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÇÝÏáõμ³ïáñ ïÇí ͳËë»ñÇ Ïñ׳ïÙ³ÝÁ, áñÝ ¿É ÏÑ³Ý·Ç ßáõ- ÑÇÙݳ¹ñ³ÙÇ ³é³ç³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÑÇÙ³Ý íñ³ ϳÛáõ٠ѳٳϳñ·ã³ÛÇÝ ï»ËÝÇϳÛÇ ·Ý»ñÇ Ùß³Ïí»É »õ 2009Ã.-Ç ³åñÇÉÇ 20-ÇÝ ÐÐ í³ñã³- Çç»óÙ³ÝÁ: ÆëÏ ÑÇÙ³ Ù»Ýù ѳÛïÝí»É »Ýù Ñáï³Í å»ïÇÝ ¿ Ý»ñϳÛóí»É §Ø³ùë³ÛÇÝ ûñ»Ýë¹ñáõ- ׳Ñ×áõÙ áõ ³ëïÕ»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ »Ýù »ñ³½áõÙ¦,- ÃÛ³Ý »õ í³ñã³ñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý μ³ñ»÷áËáõÙÝ»ñÇ å³ñ½³μ³ÝáõÙ ¿ §ÚáõÝÇùáÙ÷¦ ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ³é³ç³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÷³Ã»Ã¦: ²ÛÝ Áݹ·ñÏáõÙ ïÝûñ»Ý ²ñÙ»Ý ´³É¹ñÛ³ÝÁ:

28 News and Events www.foi.am Convention on Access to Official Documents Enters into Effect On June 18, 2009, during Council of Europe justice ministers’ meeting in Norway, member-states signed the Convention on Access to Official Documents, which consequently entered into effect. 12 countries-participants of the meeting signed the Convention, including Georgia. The Republic of Armenia has not signed the document yet, because the RA Minister of Justice was not present at the meeting. However, the document is open for signa- ture and, as we were told at the RA Ministry of Justice, the possibility of Armenia signing the Convention on Access to Official Documents is not ruled out.

FOI Center Supports E-Governance Development On June 24, the FOI Center provided two computers to the Armavir marzpetaran, free of charge, to support the process of introducing the Mulberry e-governance system in the marzpetaran.

The launch of the Mulberry system in the Armavir and storage of information. The participants were marzpetaran is planned for September 2009. Also, told what kind of information they are required to there will be special training for the marzpetaran make public on a regular basis. The Aratashen com- staff to teach them how to run the system. “The munity leader asked whether “posting decisions in introduction of the Mulberry electronic system of the village mayor’s office is considered making the document circulation will make it possible to reduce information public.” M. Hakobyan replied that this significantly the time it takes to reply to citizens’ let- was, indeed, the case; however, she also noted that ters and complaints, save human and material “making information public should be equal to mak- resources and increase the effectiveness of work,” – ing it accessible.” Community leaders asked in what said the FOI Center President Shushan Doydoyan cases they may refuse to provide information. The during a meeting with the Armavir marzpet and com- expert mentioned the three cases that may serve as munity leaders from around the marz. grounds for denying information requests: if the information is confidential, if the information is pro- Having heard about advantages of the electronic tected by copyright and the person is not the one system, the community leaders became quite who possesses the information. At the end of the enthusiastic and asked whether the system will be meeting, the community leaders and members of introduced in their communities as well. The FOI the marzpetaran staff present at the meeting said President said there were plans to introduce the that they received a lot of information, and they Mulberry system in 23 communities by the end of expressed hope that such meetings will take place this year, with direct participation of the RA Ministry in the future as well, “because many outstanding of Territorial Administration. questions get answered during such discussions.” Then, the FOI Center’s expert Marine Hakobyan talked about the provision, classification, processing

29 www.foi.am Students to make use of the FOI law On April 29, 54 students from various higher educational institutions participated in a working discussion on how to use the RA FOI law, organized by FOI Center. The NA and FOI Center’s expert Marine Hakobyan dents’) indifference, “because if a student wants to, informed the students about provisions of the FOI he/she will be informed, there are enough opportu- law and explained what information is subject to nities for that today.” mandatory disclosure, what information requests Another student, who came to study in Armenia may be denied and on what grounds. from abroad, complained of having faced lots of dif- “In order for you to choose your profession well ficulties during the admission process because of today, so that you don’t think about changing it being insufficiently informed. “You have to be per- tomorrow, you have to be informed as much as pos- sistent so that the educational institution’s adminis- sible and you have to have initiative,” M. Hakobyan tration publishes all the information it is required to emphasized. She also informed the students that make public, because it will help you overcome all their educational institution is required to share with sorts of obstacles in the future.” them any document related to the education The expert Marine Hakobyan urged students to be process. The president of Yerevan State University’s informed and to claim their rights. “An informed indi- student council said that the lack of information vidual is better protected.” among students has to do more with their (the stu- FOI Center in Gegharkunik Marz “We have more awareness already and can confidently knock on any door to get informa- tion,” this is the self-confidence inspired to the youth in Gegharkunik marz by a seminar on how to use the RA Freedom of Information Law organized by FOI Center on May 8. Thirty-six active civil society members from around the marz participated in the training. The expert Marine Hakobyan informed the young Artur Ghukasyan, the Deputy Marzpet of people that the exercise of the right starts from hav- Gegharkunik, was present at the meeting. The ing information. She also explained what is freedom Deputy Marzpet emphasized the meeting’s impor- of information, how to exercise this freedom and this tance and said that “80 percent of citizens’ com- right, as well as the procedures and timeframes for plaints to marzpetaran are caused by lack of infor- acquiring information, grounds for refusal of infor- mation.” Awareness of the FOI law and basing the mation requests, etc. The presenter also informed work of community leaders on freedom of informa- the young people on how to combine work and stud- tion standards would increase the level of informa- ies, how to find professional job opportunities, as tion that the public gets.Unlike in other marzes visit- well as rights and responsibilities of students and ed by FOI Center, the meeting with local self-gover- different players in educational institutions. nance officials in Gegharkunik marz was very pas- sive: either community leaders were well aware of On the same day, FOI Center organized another the FOI law or they were intimidated by the Deputy discussion for Gegharkunik marz’s local self-gover- Marzpet’s presence, or…. nance representatives on how to apply FOI law. The FOI Center’s and National Assembly’s expert The event was conducted with financial assistance Marine Hakobyan presented the details of the FOI of USAID within the framework of “ACCESS TO Law: procedures for the classifying, processing and INFORMATION FOR COMMUNITY INVOLVE- preserving of information, information that is subject MENT” project. to mandatory publication, list of grounds for refusing information requests, etc.

30 www.foi.am Package of Amendments to Freedom of Information Legislation Discussed Victor Dallakyan, Member of Parliament and a co-author of the Freedom of Information Law, experts from the Freedom of Information Center (FOI Center), the RA National Assembly and the RA Ministry of Justice developed a draft package of amendments to freedom of information legislation. In June, the FOI Center organized working discus- foreign citizens when it comes to receiving informa- sions of draft package of amendments in the area of tion.” Many recommendations were made during freedom of information. Public affairs, information the discussion. They were mainly related to proce- officers and press secretaries from various agencies dures for receiving information, peculiarities of oral and public service companies, as well as represen- and written requests for information, definition of the tatives of local and international non-governmental notion of “information,” fees, etc. All the recommen- organizations participated in these discussions. dations were hotly debated. The working group According to Shushan Doydoyan, President of the accepted some of the recommendations right away; FOI Center, “legislative amendments have to do as for other recommendations, the working group with harmonization of legislation; also, there was a promised to take them into consideration when need to establish administrative responsibility. Also, drafting the final version of the package. legislation did not regulate certain essential issues. The working discussion took place with support of In particular, the current law contains certain ele- the OSCE Yerevan office. ments of discrimination between the RA citizens and Dialogue between prosecutors and journalists established Jointly with the RA Prosecutor General’s Office, FOI ber of controversial issues: peculiarities of freedom Center organized a working discussion on May 2-3, of information in the RA prosecutorial system, free- in Aghveran, which was attended by ten journalists dom of information and expression and the pre- and ten marz and community prosecutors. The dis- sumption of innocence, as well as freedom of infor- cussion focused on the freedom of information and mation and expression and the notion of confiden- expression in the RA prosecutorial system. tiality of investigation. The participants received a more detailed and comprehensive understanding of Deputy Prosecutor General Mnatsakan Sargsyan these issues through discussions of various situa- delivered an opening address, during which he tions and debates. emphasized the importance of such meetings, because this is where mutual trust is developed and The journalists were interested in where is the line journalists get a better understanding of prosecuto- between freedom of information and expression, on rial activities. “It is also important that journalist help the one hand, and presumption of innocence, on the us, because every report, every media reaction is a other hand. “The presumption of innocence is an lead for us.” In her turn, president of the Freedom of idea born with the law. The presumption of inno- Information Center Shushan Doydoyan said in her cence works until a lawful verdict comes into effect.” speech that “such meetings provide an opportunity The presenter also added that journalists can report for prosecutors and journalists to have a dialogue, facts to the public, but they should refrain from say- which is exactly how mutual trust is developed.” ing who is guilty and who is innocent. “This is the area where law-enforcement authorities want to The working discussion’s agenda included a num- provide limited information about a case and not to 31 www.foi.am pass any judgments in order to uphold the principle tion. Otherwise the prosecutor’s office would be pro- of the presumption of innocence, whereas journal- viding information about various other agencies, ists want to provide as much information to the pub- because it has full information about the activities of lic as possible in order to ensure transparency and a number of agencies and organizations. openness,” said Armen Ashrafyan, Head of the Anti- “The working discussion was rather productive and Corruption and Anti-Organized Crime Department of interesting. However, we would like representatives the RA Prosecutor General’s Office. of the police to be present at future discussions, The prosecutors, who participated in the discussion, because there are many open questions that could wanted to know whether a prosecutor’s office is only be answered in joint meetings,” said the partic- required to honor requests for information that their ipants at the end of the two-day seminar. office is not a primary holder of. The answer was The event was conducted with financial assistance that the office is not required to provide that kind of of USAID within the framework of “ACCESS TO information but it can refer the requesters to those INFORMATION FOR COMMUNITY INVOLVE- who actually possess the required piece of informa- MENT” project. Public Awareness and Openness Issues in the Kotayk Marz On May 29, Shushan Doydoyan, President of the Freedom of Information Center, met with 56 community leaders from Kotayk marz in Hrazdan to discuss issues related to the application of the Freedom of Information Law and public awareness in the marz. The meeting was attended by the Kotayk marzpet, Kovalenko Shahgaldyan.

“Openness is not something to be afraid of. The communities (Hrazdan, Charentsavan, Nor Hatchn, posting of community decisions cannot be danger- Byureghavan and Nor Gyugh) by the FOI Center ous,” Shushan Doydoyan, president of the FOI have played a significant role in the introduction and Center, reminded once again in the Kotayk marz. In modernization of public information means. Bulletin his speech, the marzpet emphasized the need for boards are there for posting community leaders' and public information and openness, and requested the councils' decisions and other documents required to community leaders to hold at least one or two press be made public in accordance with the Freedom of conferences per year in order to inform the public Information Law, as well as for other similar public about the work they had done. notices. ” The FOI Center's president assured the participants In 2006, the Kotayk marzpetaran received the FOI of the meeting that “the more open their work is, the Center's Golden Key award in the “most open state more public will trust them.” She also added that agency” category. An “historic” meeting between the “openness involves two important aspects: giving FOI president Shushan Doydoyan and the mayor of the people complete answers within five days and Hrazdan, Aram Danielyan, also took place in the making community-related information available to Kotayk marz. In 2007, the mayor received the FOI the people.” Center's Rusty Lock award. The mayor was also sued by the FOI Center for failing to provide infor- Karen Sargsyan, head of the information and public mation. Issues related to freedom of information and relations department in the Kotayk marzpetaran, openness were discussed during the meeting. The urged the participants “to adopt a culture of freedom mayor described the ongoing reforms in the area of of information and public information.” He noted that public information, while the FOI president some of the communities in the marz still have prob- expressed her preparedness to help and offered lems with openness. “Bulletin boards placed in 5 assistance in making the reforms more effective. 32 INTERVIEW www.foi.am From Pen to Keyboard The Kotayk marz has always stood out among Armenia’s 10 marzes in terms of openness and transparency. Some explained it by its proximity to the capi- tal, others by its marzpet’s progressive views. In this context, it was not really surprising that the Mulberry system is already introduced in the Kotayk marz. Our conversation with the Kotayk Marzpet, Kovalenko Shahgaldyan, focused on the system and on how to work with citizens more effectively.

- Kotayk is the first marz in Armenia were the interest in the Mulberry system. We have requested Mulberry electronic system was introduced. the RA Ministry of Territorial Administration to help Why did they select your marz? us and we expect that many communities through- out the marz will be able to use this program in the K. SH.- Introduction of the Mulberry electronic sys- near future. tem for document circulation was purely our desire; we had thought about introducing the system years - The Mulberry system has been in operation for ago. We piloted a number of models, carefully a few months already in your marz. Can we examined the marzpetaran’s professional, human already talk about the system’s advantages and resource and technical capacities, and came up disadvantages? with this initiative, which became a reality on the first K. SH.- We can definitely say that in the last few of April of this year. I am grateful that specialists months we have witnessed only advantages of the from the RA Ministry of Territorial Administration pro- system, which greatly contributed to increasing the vided consulting and methodological support on this effectiveness of administrative work and expanding issue. I am confident that the program will be fully the available opportunities. From now on, the daily introduced in the public administration, local self- work of marzpetaran’s staff is free of boring routine governance and many other agencies and institu- associated with cumbersome paperwork, and they tions. However, I must say that, being the first marz are able to carry out their duties more completely. to introduce this novelty, Kotayk has the responsibil- Having said that, our observations and analysis ity to use it as effectively as possible. The weight of show that it would be desirable to introduce this sys- this responsibility contributes to our making full use tem in many more agencies, which would result in of the electronic document circulation system. much more positive developments in connection - How do you ensure electronic circulation of with this program. documents with other community leaders? - Introduction of the Mulberry system also K. SH.- Immediately after the Mulberry system was makes it possible to reply to letters more quick- introduced, we recommended to all the communi- ly. Is there any statistics on this? ties, educational and healthcare institutions with K. SH.- All the letters, documents or complains internet connection that from now on they should received by marzpetarans are replied to without any send documents to marzpetaran only by e-mail to delay, regardless of how they were received – on [email protected]. This step made it possible paper or electronically. The replies have always to avoid unnecessary administrative procedures been provided within the deadline specified by the and save time. At the moment, the organization of RA Law on Freedom of Information and the this work is fully under control and we manage to marzpetaran’s rules of operation. However, before avoid all the procedural difficulties associated with introducing the electronic program, adherence to transporting paper documents, which resulted in an deadlines was controlled by continuously flipping increased quality of work. Incidentally, a couple of through multi-volume registers, whereas now this is dozens of our communities have expressed an done by pushing one or two keys on a computer

33 www.foi.am keyboard, which obviously has changed the whole importance are discussed during frequent live logic of the procedure. broadcasts, and main methodology of public aware- ness raising is outlined. Round-table discussions, - Is there a clear distinction between talk shows and debates on issues related to various letters/complaints and requests for information structural units’ activities are frequently organized during electronic circulation of documents? by marzpetaran’s initiative. K. SH.- This distinction existed both before and A lot of importance is given to public relations initia- after; however, it is undeniable that the electronic tives, which are based on weekly reception of citi- format is more precise, it requires more specific zens and on the content of issues raised by the pub- classification of documents and it continuously sim- lic in the marz. Community leaders have already plifies the requirements for all this. started reporting to the public, and the quality of this - What other steps towards openness and trans- process will continue to improve over time. Press parency are being taken in your marzpetaran? conferences, television programs and newspaper articles will be arranged in connection with this K. SH.- Having an official website can be consid- reporting. Information boards provided to various ered an important component of openness and communities around the marz by the Freedom of transparency. Through its various sections, the web- Information Center were a special way to promote site presents almost all the areas of marzpetaran’s openness and transparency. Very recently, the marz activities and covers various events taking place in council discussed and analyzed the application of the marz. Also, website visitors have access to all the RA Law on Freedom of Information in communi- the decisions and orders issued by the Kotayk ties and issues related to public information during marzpet, marzpetaran’s and its structural units’ its regular meeting. During this discussion, a recom- action plans, monthly schedules, information about mendation was made to community leaders to make community leaders and their activities, composition appropriate amendments in community service job of municipal councils and community budgets, as descriptions so that one community servant in each well as information required to be made public by community assumes information and public rela- the RA Law on Freedom of Information. The website tions functions. This would ensure proper openness is being improved constantly. of local self-governance bodies’ activities. However, The mass media operating in the marz plays an this is not all. There is a lot to do in this area and important role in this area. The media regularly cov- there are many initiatives out there that will be pre- ers the developments in the marz and the main sented to the public in great detail in the future. areas of marzpetaran’s activities. Issues of public

34 FOI COURT CASES www.foi.am Unprecedented verdict. Administrative Fine for Failure to Provide Information The RA Administrative Court imposes an adminis- On February 2, the FOI Center has requested the trative penalty in the form of a fine on an official for following from the mayor of Yelpin: violating a person’s right to information, for the first 1. A copy of the Yelpin community’s 2008 budget, time. 2. A copy of the Yelpin community 2008 budget On July 6, the RA Administrative Court, with Judge implementation report. Arthur Poghosyan presiding, reached an unprece- dented verdict when it upheld the Freedom of The FOI Center’s request had remained unan- Information Center’s claim to impose an administra- swered. The FOI Center received a reply from the tive penalty on an official for his failure to provide infor- mayor of Yelpin only after turning to the court. mation. As a result, the mayor of the village of Yelpin You can download the FOICA’s claim and the Court (Vayots Dzor marz), Khoren Avetisyan, will have to verdict from the www.foi.am site. pay a 50,000 AMD fine for failing to provide the infor- mation requested by the FOI Center on time. FOI Center in the Administrative Court FOI Center has filed claims of recognition and per- 5. The Parakar village municipality and the mayor formance of action against six local self-governance Samvel Vardanyan, bodies and their leaders and one state non-com- 6. The Talvorik village municipality and the mayor mercial organization and its director with the RA Kirakos Saghatelyan, Administrative Court, alleging violations of the free- dom of information right. Currently, the Court has 7. The Lenughi village municipality and the mayor seven pending cases against the following entities Gegham Ghazaryan. and individuals: FOI Center has asked the RA Administrative Court 1. The Yerevan Construction and Investment to recognize as illegal the actions or inaction of the Programs Office state non-commercial organiza- aforementioned persons, which had resulted in a tion and its director, Robert Harutyunyan, failure to provide complete answers in reply to FOI Center’s requests for information within the period 2. The Zartonk village municipality and the mayor of time required by the law, and to order the respon- Paruyr Sargsyan, dents to provide the requested information within 3. The Bjni village municipality and the mayor five days. At the same time, FOI center has request- Armen Matevosyan, ed the Court to impose a 50,000 AMD administrative fine on the aforementioned persons. 4. The Yelpin village municipality and the mayor Khoren Avetisyan,

35 www.foi.am FOI Center in the Court of Cassation The FOI Center decided to turn to the Court of Cassation to finally resolve the issue of sub- jecting officials, who refuse to provide information, to administrative sanctions. In the last few months, the RA Administrative Court has examined four freedom of information cases brought by the FOI Center. In all four cases, the court refused to subject officials to admin- istrative sanctions for refusing to provide information, as was requested by the FOI Center.

On April 16, the FOI Center filed a Court of However, the FOI Center think that the court misin- Cassation claim against the Nor Nork district author- terpreted Article 198.7, paragraph 1 of the RA ities (taghapetaran), the Nor Nork community leader Administrative Violations Code, according to which: David Petrosyan and the Judge of the RA “Illegal failure to provide information prescribed by Administrative Court Ashot Sargsyan, claiming a law on the part of officials from state and local self- violation of substantive and procedural legislation governance bodies, state institutions, state budget- (administrative case verdict number VD/6279/05/08 financed organizations and organizations of public of 23.03.2009). importance is punishable by a fine in the amount of up to fifty times the minimum wage.” The RA Administrative Court had earlier examined the FOI Center’s claim against the Nor Nork The court found that the provision of the requested taghapetaran and the Nor Nork community leader information during court hearing removes the legal David Petrosyan, in which the FOI Center had grounds for punishing the person for his failure to asked the Court to consider the inaction of the Nor provide information. However, this interpretation Nork taghapetaran as unlawful, to require the does not correspond to Articles 27 and 27.1 of the taghapetaran to provide the requested information RA Constitutions, Article 9, paragraph 7(3) of the RA within five days and to impose an administrative fine Law on Freedom of Information and Article 198.7, of 50,000 AMD on the Nor Nork Community leader paragraph 1 of the RA Code on Administrative David Petrosyan. On 23.03.2009, the RA Violations, because the interpretation of the afore- Administrative Court decided to uphold the FOI mentioned articles implies that failure to provide Center’s claim partially and consider the inaction of information includes means failure to provide it with- the Nor Nork taghapetaran as unlawful. in the prescribed period of time, which is 30 days in this case, and missing the said deadline is consid- The community leader’s actions related to refusing ered an illegal failure to provide information. to provide the information requested by the FOI Center were also considered as unlawful. The court This means that the offense described in Article refused to uphold the part of the claim about requir- 198.7, paragraph 1 of the RA Administrative ing the Nor Nork taghapetaran to provide the Violations Code is considered completed when requested information within five days and imposing information is not provided within the time period an administrative fine of 50,000 AMD on the Nor established in Article 9, paragraph 7(2) and (3) of Nork community leader David Petrosyan. The RA the RA Law on Freedom of Information (5 days or Administrative Court explained its decision to throw 30 days). out a part of the claim by citing Article 198.7, para- Otherwise, it would be impossible for anyone to graph 1 of the RA Administrative Violations Code, exercise effectively the rights under Articles 27 and according to which administrative penalties are 27.1 of the RA Constitution and Article 9, paragraph imposed for not providing information illegally, 7(2) and (3) of the RA Law on Freedom of whereas the Nor Nork community leader eventually Information, and any state or local self-governance did provide the information, albeit late. Thus, the body would simply not provide information within the court found that there are no legal grounds for sub- required period of time, but will do it only if someone jecting the person to administrative sanctions. takes them to court.

36 www.foi.am FOI Center Complains against the RA Administrative Court On April 28, the RA Administrative Court (Judge A. Arakelyan presiding) upheld the FOI Center’s claim, which proved that the FOI Center can turn to courts to seek administrative sanctions against officials. On April 9, 2008, the FOI Center filed a claim at the 2. Which organizations did the Yerevan RA Administrative Court (seated in Etchmiadzin) Construction and Investment Programs state against the Zartonk village mayor’s office, asking non-commercial organization sign work and the court to require the mayor’s office to provide the descriptive contracts with in 2006, 2007 and requested information and impose administrative 2008? sanctions against the mayor Paruyr Sargsyan. The 3. What were the Yerevan Construction and RA Administrative Court admitted the claim partially Investment Programs state non-commercial and refused to admit the part where the plaintiff organization’s proceeds from work and descrip- asked to impose administrative sanctions against tive contracts in 2006, 2007 and 2008? the mayor, saying that the FOI Center failed to pres- ent any evidence that it has the right to bring such In its reply, the state non-commercial organization claims before the court in accordance with Article noted that the answer to the first question is official- 254 of the RA Code on Administrative Violations. In ly published in the relevant laws on the RA state other words, according to the court, a non-govern- budget, whereas answers to the second and the mental organization has no right to bring cases to third questions contain commercial secrets and, the administrative court, asking the latter to impose therefore, cannot be provided. In March 2009, the administrative sanctions against someone. FOI Center questioned the lawfulness of this reply in the RA Administrative Court. The FOI Center asked On 23.04.2009, the FOI Center filed a complained the court: at the RA Administrative Court, asking it to overturn the administrative court’s decision on inadmissibility 1. To consider unlawful the Yerevan Construction of the part of the claim where the FOI Center asked and Investment Programs state non-commercial to impose a 50,000 AMD fine on the mayor of organization’s actions or inactions that have led Zartonk. The RA Administrative Court upheld the to its failure to provide a complete and compre- FOI Center’s complaint and overturned the RA hensive reply to request for information, and to Administrative Court’s decision of 10.04.2009 in the require the Yerevan Construction and administrative case VD4/0074/05/09 on in admissi- Investment Programs state non-commercial bility of the part of the claim where the FOI Center organization to provide the requested informa- asked to impose a 50,000 AMD fine on the mayor of tion within five days; Zartonk. FOI Center vs. the Yerevan Construction 2. To impose a 50,000 AMD administrative fine on and Investment Programs State Non-Commercial the director of Yerevan Construction and Organization Investment Programs state non-commercial On February 27, 2009, the FOI Center had request- organization, Robert Harutyunyan. ed the following information from the aforemen- The RA Administrative court partially admitted the tioned state non-commercial organization: FOI Center’s claim and refuse to admit the part 1. How much financing did the Yerevan related to imposing an administrative sanction Construction and Investment Programs state against the director. The FOI Center appealed non-commercial organization received from the against that part of the RA Administrative Court’s RA state budget in 2006, 2007 and 2008? decision. The future of the claim will become clear after the Administrative Court’s decision.

37 ELECTIONS 2009 Some of the Parties Participating in Elections do not Disclose Financial Reports On the eve of the May 31 Yerevan city council elections, the Freedom of Information Center (FOI Center) decided to find out how willing are the participating parties and party alliances to work in an open and transparent fashion.

saying that they are not required to provide that information, that it’s none of our business and that our organization is engaged in producing extra paperwork, etc. When we informed them that ARF/D and ARP replied to our requests and reminded them that we can go to a court if the requested informa- tion is not provided, the party sent a written reply. However, PP’s reply was incomplete: we had requested information on sources of donations in excess of 100 times the minimum wage, as required by law; the party’s reply contained information about receiving a 500,000 AMD donation, but the source was not disclosed. ARP received only one donation in excess of 100 times the minimum wage. Kapan TchShSh Limited Liability Company donated 6,785.0 thousand AMD. ARF/D received donations in excess of 100 times the minimum wage from two natural persons – To this end, FOI Center sent out information Karina Kandaryan (10,000,000 AMD) and Gagik requests to the parties participating in the upcoming Gevorgyan – (15,000,000 AMD). elections: the Armenian Republican Party (ARP), the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF/D), The results are as follows: 7 requests for informa- Rule of Law Party (RL), People’s Party (PP), the tion sent, 2 replies received on time (ARF/D and Armenian Labor Socialist Party (ALSP), Prosperous ARP), one late and incomplete reply (PP) and 4 Armenia Party (PA) and the Armenian National requests ignored (PA, RL, ALSP and ANC). Congress (ANC). FOI Center requested copies of Openness, transparency and accountability before each party’s financial reports for 2008 and informa- the public are one of the main points in every politi- tion on sources of donations in excess of 100 times cal party’s campaign platforms. However, this study the minimum wage, as required by law. shows that facts actually contradict all the attractive Only ARF/D and ARP replied within five days as words. required by Freedom of Information Law (FOI Law). ARF/D’s 2008 financial report can be accessed on In both cases, the replies were handed over by each the FOI Center’s website here, while ARP’s financial party’s relevant officials in person, in a proper way. report is published in the Hayots Ashkharh daily PP (Tigran Karapetyan’s party) “replied” by phone, newspaper’s March 18, 2009 edition (N72/2872).

38 www.foi.am Mayoral Candidates Without Declarations From now on, voters can no longer find out any details about their candidates' property and income, because as of January 1 of this year, candidates running in elections no longer sub- mit property and income declarations to the Central Electoral Commission (CEC).

Even though the Election Code contains provisions restrictions on the publication of declarations from for declarations being made public, the RA Law on the CEC and the RA Government's State Revenues Declaration of Property and Income by Senior State Committee, and we received a reply that this is what Officials was annulled as of January 1, 2009, while the law requires. the new Law on Declaration of Property and Income At the same time, government is talking about intro- by Physical Persons no longer requires candidates ducing the institute of declaration of interests. Just to submit declarations to the CEC. As a result, the days ago, on May 14, Prime Minister Tigran principle of declarations being public has been vio- Sargsyan said at a government session: “We are lated completely. introducing the institute of declaration of interests in In the past, anyone could ask and receive copies of the RA. This implies that the law (Editor's Note: the senior officials' declarations for the past years. Now, Law on Declaration of Property and Income by only declarations for the previous reporting year are Physical Persons. End note) establishes real mech- available. Another restriction is that copies of decla- anisms for officials (members of parliament, minis- rations can be provided only between August 1 and ters) to not engage in business activities, disclose December 1 of the current year. In other words, dec- their interests and resolve their issues with their larations are publicly accessibly for only four months dependents, so that the public can control the full of the year. enforcement of this constitutional norm in the RA.” However, at the same time, the already existing In addition, declarations are only provided to mass mechanism for the disclosure of interests – the media outlets with a permanent name, serial num- requirement for candidates to submit property and ber and date, published on a regular basis on a income declarations to the CEC – is being removed material carrier and disseminated in the Republic of without any justification or explanation. Armenia and with a circulation of at least 3,000 (i.e. at least 3,000 copies with the same content). As a result, we go to elections without any informa- tion on the candidates' property or income. We have tried to find out the reasons for such

39 www.foi.am êºì òàôò²Î

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40 www.foi.am BLACK LIST

THESE OFFICIALS HAVE VIOLATED PEOPLES' RIGHT OF INFORMATION IN JANUARY-JUNE 2009 1. Gagik Beglaryan Mayor of Yerevan

2. Arthur Baghdasaryan Head of the Party "Orinats Yerkir"

3. Movses Shahverdyan Head of the Armenian Labor Socialist Party

4. Levon Ter-Petrosyan Head of the Armenian National Congress

5. Tigran Khachatryan General Director of the N2 Health Union

6. Robert Harutyunyan Yerevan Urban Development & Investment Programs

Department Head

7. Paruyr Sargsyan Head of Zartonq village

8. Armen Mathevosyan Head of Bjni village

9. Khoren Avetisyan Head of Elpin village

10. Samvel Vardanyan Head of Paraqart village

11. Kirakos Saghatelyan Head of Talvorik village

12. Gegham Khazaryan Head of Lenughi village

41 www.foi.am Ìñ³·ñÇ Õ»Ï³í³ñ` Þáõß³Ý ¸áÛ¹áÛ³Ý Project Director Shushan Doydoyan

¸ÇÙ»ù §ÆÝýáñÙ³ódzÛÇ ³½³ïáõÃÛ³Ý Ï»Ýïñáݦ, »ñμ å³ßïáÝ۳ݻñÁ Ññ³Å³ñíáõÙ »Ý ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝ ï³É, ã»Ý å³ï³ë˳ÝáõÙ ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ëï³Ý³Éáõ Ó»ñ ѳñóáõÙÝ»ñÇÝ:

гëó»/ Address` ù. ºñ»õ³Ý, ö. ´Ûáõ½³Ý¹Ç 1/3 1/3 P. Buzand, Yerevan, Armenia лé./ý³ùë, Tel/fax` 560922 ¿É. ÷áëï/ e.mail` [email protected] URL: www.foi.am

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