Crew Exploration Vehicle Ascent Abort Overview
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Recommended Practices for Human Space Flight Occupant Safety
Recommended Practices for Human Space Flight Occupant Safety Version 1.0 August 27, 2014 Federal Aviation Administration Office of Commercial Space Transportation 800 Independence Avenue, Room 331 7 3 Washington, DC 20591 0 0 - 4 1 C T Recommended Practices for Human Space Flight Page ii Occupant Safety – Version 1.0 Record of Revisions Version Description Date 1.0 Baseline version of document August 27, 2014 Recommended Practices for Human Space Flight Page iii Occupant Safety – Version 1.0 Recommended Practices for Human Space Flight Page iv Occupant Safety – Version 1.0 TABLE OF CONTENTS A. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 1 1.0 Purpose ............................................................................................................................. 1 2.0 Scope ................................................................................................................................ 1 3.0 Development Process ....................................................................................................... 2 4.0 Level of Risk and Level of Care ...................................................................................... 2 4.1 Level of Risk ................................................................................................................ 2 4.2 Level of Care ................................................................................................................ 3 5.0 Structure and Nature of the -
The International Space Station and the Space Shuttle
Order Code RL33568 The International Space Station and the Space Shuttle Updated November 9, 2007 Carl E. Behrens Specialist in Energy Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division The International Space Station and the Space Shuttle Summary The International Space Station (ISS) program began in 1993, with Russia joining the United States, Europe, Japan, and Canada. Crews have occupied ISS on a 4-6 month rotating basis since November 2000. The U.S. Space Shuttle, which first flew in April 1981, has been the major vehicle taking crews and cargo back and forth to ISS, but the shuttle system has encountered difficulties since the Columbia disaster in 2003. Russian Soyuz spacecraft are also used to take crews to and from ISS, and Russian Progress spacecraft deliver cargo, but cannot return anything to Earth, since they are not designed to survive reentry into the Earth’s atmosphere. A Soyuz is always attached to the station as a lifeboat in case of an emergency. President Bush, prompted in part by the Columbia tragedy, made a major space policy address on January 14, 2004, directing NASA to focus its activities on returning humans to the Moon and someday sending them to Mars. Included in this “Vision for Space Exploration” is a plan to retire the space shuttle in 2010. The President said the United States would fulfill its commitments to its space station partners, but the details of how to accomplish that without the shuttle were not announced. The shuttle Discovery was launched on July 4, 2006, and returned safely to Earth on July 17. -
The New Vision for Space Exploration
Constellation The New Vision for Space Exploration Dale Thomas NASA Constellation Program October 2008 The Constellation Program was born from the Constellation’sNASA Authorization Beginnings Act of 2005 which stated…. The Administrator shall establish a program to develop a sustained human presence on the moon, including a robust precursor program to promote exploration, science, commerce and U.S. preeminence in space, and as a stepping stone to future exploration of Mars and other destinations. CONSTELLATION PROJECTS Initial Capability Lunar Capability Orion Altair Ares I Ares V Mission Operations EVA Ground Operations Lunar Surface EVA EXPLORATION ROADMAP 0506 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 LunarLunar OutpostOutpost BuildupBuildup ExplorationExploration andand ScienceScience LunarLunar RoboticsRobotics MissionsMissions CommercialCommercial OrbitalOrbital Transportation ServicesServices forfor ISSISS AresAres II andand OrionOrion DevelopmentDevelopment AltairAltair Lunar LanderLander Development AresAres VV and EarthEarth DepartureDeparture Stage SurfaceSurface SystemsSystems DevelopmentDevelopment ORION: NEXT GENERATION PILOTED SPACECRAFT Human access to Low Earth Orbit … … to the Moon and Mars ORION PROJECT: CREW EXPLORATION VEHICLE Orion will support both space station and moon missions Launch Abort System Orion will support both space stationDesigned and moonto operate missions for up to 210 days in Earth or lunar Designedorbit to operate for up to 210 days in Earth or lunar orbit Designed for lunar -
Space Rescue Ensuring the Safety of Manned Space¯Ight David J
Space Rescue Ensuring the Safety of Manned Space¯ight David J. Shayler Space Rescue Ensuring the Safety of Manned Spaceflight Published in association with Praxis Publishing Chichester, UK David J. Shayler Astronautical Historian Astro Info Service Halesowen West Midlands UK Front cover illustrations: (Main image) Early artist's impression of the land recovery of the Crew Exploration Vehicle. (Inset) Artist's impression of a launch abort test for the CEV under the Constellation Program. Back cover illustrations: (Left) Airborne drop test of a Crew Rescue Vehicle proposed for ISS. (Center) Water egress training for Shuttle astronauts. (Right) Beach abort test of a Launch Escape System. SPRINGER±PRAXIS BOOKS IN SPACE EXPLORATION SUBJECT ADVISORY EDITOR: John Mason, B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D. ISBN 978-0-387-69905-9 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York Springer is part of Springer-Science + Business Media (springer.com) Library of Congress Control Number: 2008934752 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. # Praxis Publishing Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2009 Printed in Germany The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a speci®c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. -
THE MAX LAUNCH ABORT SYSTEM – CONCEPT, FLIGHT TEST, and EVOLUTION Michael G
THE MAX LAUNCH ABORT SYSTEM – CONCEPT, FLIGHT TEST, AND EVOLUTION Michael G. Gilbert(1), PhD (1) Principal Engineer, NASA Engineering and Safety Center 11 Langley Blvd., MS 116,Hampton VA 23681 USA Email:[email protected] Abstract escape system Maxime Faget [1]. The effort was intended to provide The NASA Engineering and Safety Center programmatic risk-reduction for the (NESC) is an independent engineering Constellation Program (CxP) Orion Crew analysis and test organization providing Exploration Vehicle (CEV) project. support across the range of NASA programs. In 2007 NASA was developing The CEV project baseline Launch Abort the launch escape system for the Orion System (LAS) development is an evolution spacecraft that was evolved from the of the Apollo towered-rocket design, Fig. traditional tower-configuration escape 2. Unlike the Apollo LAS, the CEV LAS systems used for the historic Mercury and incorporated an attitude control motor to Apollo spacecraft. The NESC was tasked, ensure stable flight following the escape as a programmatic risk-reduction effort to motor burn. At the time the MLAS project develop and flight test an alternative to the was initiated, the CEV LAS was Orion baseline escape system concept. experiencing development delays related This project became known as the Max to the LAS attitude control motor. Launch Abort System (MLAS), named in Therefore, the MLAS project was to honor of Maxime Faget, the developer of consider escape system concepts that the original Mercury escape system. Over would not require active attitude control or the course of approximately two years the stabilization following escape motor NESC performed conceptual and tradeoff burnout. -
Mars Earth Return Vehicle (MERV) Propulsion Options
Mars Earth Return Vehicle (MERV) Propulsion Options Steven R. Oleson,1 Melissa L. McGuire,2 Laura Burke,3 James Fincannon,4 Joe Warner,5 Glenn Williams,6 and Thomas Parkey7 NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135 Tony Colozza,8 Jim Fittje,9 Mike Martini,10 and Tom Packard11 Analex Corporation, Cleveland, Ohio 44135 Joseph Hemminger12 N&R Engineering, Cleveland, Ohio 44135 John Gyekenyesi13 ASRC Engineering, Cleveland, Ohio 44135 The COMPASS Team was tasked with the design of a Mars Sample Return Vehicle. The current Mars sample return mission is a joint National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and European Space Agency (ESA) mission, with ESA contributing the launch vehicle for the Mars Sample Return Vehicle. The COMPASS Team ran a series of design trades for this Mars sample return vehicle. Four design options were investigated: Chemical Return /solar electric propulsion (SEP) stage outbound, all-SEP, all chemical and chemical with aerobraking. The all-SEP and Chemical with aerobraking were deemed the best choices for comparison. SEP can eliminate both the Earth flyby and the aerobraking maneuver (both considered high risk by the Mars Sample Return Project) required by the chemical propulsion option but also require long low thrust spiral times. However this is offset somewhat by the chemical/aerobrake missions use of an Earth flyby and aerobraking which also take many months. Cost and risk analyses are used to further differentiate the all-SEP and Chemical/Aerobrake options. 1COMPASS Lead, DSB0, 21000 Brookpark Road, and AIAA Senior Member. 2COMPASS Integration Lead, DSB0, 21000 Brookpark Road, non-member. 3Mission Designer, DSB0, 21000 Brookpark Road, and Non-Member. -
A Review of Nasa's Exploration
A REVIEW OF NASA’S EXPLORATION PROGRAM IN TRANSITION: ISSUES FOR CONGRESS AND INDUSTRY HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON SPACE AND AERONAUTICS COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED TWELFTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION MARCH 30, 2011 Serial No. 112–8 Printed for the use of the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://science.house.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 65–305PDF WASHINGTON : 2011 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY HON. RALPH M. HALL, Texas, Chair F. JAMES SENSENBRENNER, JR., EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON, Texas Wisconsin JERRY F. COSTELLO, Illinois LAMAR S. SMITH, Texas LYNN C. WOOLSEY, California DANA ROHRABACHER, California ZOE LOFGREN, California ROSCOE G. BARTLETT, Maryland DAVID WU, Oregon FRANK D. LUCAS, Oklahoma BRAD MILLER, North Carolina JUDY BIGGERT, Illinois DANIEL LIPINSKI, Illinois W. TODD AKIN, Missouri GABRIELLE GIFFORDS, Arizona RANDY NEUGEBAUER, Texas DONNA F. EDWARDS, Maryland MICHAEL T. MCCAUL, Texas MARCIA L. FUDGE, Ohio PAUL C. BROUN, Georgia BEN R. LUJA´ N, New Mexico SANDY ADAMS, Florida PAUL D. TONKO, New York BENJAMIN QUAYLE, Arizona JERRY MCNERNEY, California CHARLES J. ‘‘CHUCK’’ FLEISCHMANN, JOHN P. SARBANES, Maryland Tennessee TERRI A. SEWELL, Alabama E. SCOTT RIGELL, Virginia FREDERICA S. WILSON, Florida STEVEN M. PALAZZO, Mississippi HANSEN CLARKE, Michigan MO BROOKS, Alabama ANDY HARRIS, Maryland RANDY HULTGREN, Illinois CHIP CRAVAACK, Minnesota LARRY BUCSHON, Indiana DAN BENISHEK, Michigan VACANCY SUBCOMMITTEE ON SPACE AND AERONAUTICS HON. -
SCIENTIFIC EXPLORATION of NEAR-EARTH OBJECTS VIA the CREW EXPLORATION VEHICLE. PA Abell1,* , DJ Korsmeyer2, RR Landis3
Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVIII (2007) 2292.pdf SCIENTIFIC EXPLORATION OF NEAR-EARTH OBJECTS VIA THE CREW EXPLORATION 1,* 2 3 4 5 6 7 VEHICLE. P. A. Abell , D. J. Korsmeyer , R. R. Landis , E. Lu , D. Adamo , T. Jones , L. Lemke , A. Gonza- les7, B. Gershman8, D. Morrison7, T. Sweetser8 and L. Johnson9, 1Planetary Astronomy Group, Astromaterials Re- search and Exploration Science, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, [email protected]. 2Intelligent Systems Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035. 3Mission Operations, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058. 4Astronaut Office, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058. 5Houston, TX 77058. 6Oakton, VA 20153. 7NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035. 8Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109. 9NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546.*NASA Postdoctoral Fellow. Introduction: The concept of a crewed mission to etc. Such missions to NEOs are vital from a scientific a Near-Earth Object (NEO) has been analyzed in depth perspective for understanding the evolution and ther- in 1989 as part of the Space Exploration Initiative [1]. mal histories of these bodies during the formation of Since that time two other studies have investigated the the early solar system, and to identify potential source possibility of sending similar missions to NEOs [2,3]. regions from which these NEOs originated. A more recent study has been sponsored by the Ad- NEO exploration missions will also have practical vanced Programs Office within NASA’s Constellation applications such as resource utilization and planetary Program. This study team has representatives from defense; two issues that will be relevant in the not-too- across NASA and is currently examining the feasibility distant future as humanity begins to explore, under- of sending a Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) to a stand, and utilize the solar system. -
A Launch Pad Escape System for Human Spaceflight Is One of Those Things That Everyone Hopes They Will Never Need but Is Critical for Every Manned Space Program
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20110012275 2019-08-30T15:55:02+00:00Z Launch Pad Escape System Design (Human Spaceflight): -Kelli Maloney A launch pad escape system for human spaceflight is one of those things that everyone hopes they will never need but is critical for every manned space program. Since men were first put into space in the early 1960s, the need for such an Emergency Escape System (EES) has become apparent. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has made use of various types ofthese EESs over the past 50 years. Early programs, like Mercury and Gemini, did not have an official launch pad escape system. Rather, they relied on a Launch Escape System (LES) of a separate solid rocket motor attached to the manned capsule that could pull the astronauts to safety in the event of an emergency. This could only occur after hatch closure at the launch pad or during the first stage of flight. A version of a LES, now called a Launch Abort System (LAS) is still used today for all manned capsule type launch vehicles. However, this system is very limited in that it can only be used after hatch closure and it is for flight crew only. In addition, the forces necessary for the LES/LAS to get the capsule away from a rocket during the first stage of flight are quite high and can cause injury to the crew. These shortcomings led to the development of a ground based EES for the flight crew and ground support personnel as well. -
Preliminary Study for Manned Spacecraft with Escape System and H-IIB Rocket
Trans. JSASS Space Tech. Japan Vol. 7, No. ists26, pp. Tg_35-Tg_44, 2009 Preliminary Study for Manned Spacecraft with Escape System and H-IIB Rocket By Takane IMADA, Michio ITO, Shinichi TAKATA Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency ,Tsukuba, Japan (Received April 30th, 2008) HTV (H-II Transfer Vehicle) is the first Japanese un-manned service vehicle that will transport several pieces of equipments to ISS (International Space Station) and support human activities on orbit. HTV will be launched by the first H-IIB rocket in September 2009 and JAXA will have the capability to access LEO (Low Earth Orbit) bases with enough volume/weight as the human transport system. This paper is the preliminary study for developing a manned spacecraft from the HTV design and includes clarification of necessary development items. In addition, missing parts in the current HTV design are identified with some analysis, such as LES (Launch Escape System), which is mandatory for all human transport systems. Keyword: Manned Transportation, H-II, HTV, Escape System 1. Introduction JAXA announced its long-term vision for the next 20 years This paper uses several data from HTV as an un-manned as "JAXA Vision toward 2025" in April 2005 1) . JAXA but smart transportation vehicle, and launch capability data declared to keep establishing space transportation systems from the H-IIB rocket to estimate as reasonably and with the greatest reliability and competitiveness in the world. realistically as possible. Figure 1 shows an artistic image of Japanese manned spacecraft will be one of the goals of these the launch. This image used a 3-D model that was built reliable transportation systems. -
Crew Exploration Vehicle
National Aeronautics and Space Administration CREW EXPLORATION NASA SUMMER OF INNOVATION VEHICLE UNIT Engineering: Exploration LESSON DESCRIPTION Students will design and build a Crew GRADE LEVELS Exploration Vehicle (CEV) that will carry th th 7 – 9 two cm-sized passengers safely and will fit within a certain volume (size limitation). CONNECTION TO CURRICULUM Potential and Kinetic Energy, Acceleration due to gravity, Air OBJECTIVES Resistance, Measurement (Volume) Students will: TEACHER PREPARATION TIME Engage in the engineering design 15-30 minutes process LESSON TIME NEEDED Design and build a model CEV 60-120 Minutes Level: Intermediate within certain parameters Test their vehicle using a Drop Test and revise their designs NATIONAL STANDARDS National Science Education Standards (NSTA) Science as Inquiry Understanding of scientific concepts Understanding of the nature of science Skills necessary to become independent inquirers about the natural world The dispositions to use the skills, abilities, and attitudes associated with science Science and Technology Abilities of technological design Understanding about science and technology Physical Science Standards Motions and forces Common Core State Standards for Mathematics (NCTM) Geometry Solve real-life and mathematical problems involving angle measure, area, surface area, and volume ISTE NETS and Performance Indicators for Students (ISTE) Creativity and Innovation Students: apply existing knowledge to generate new ideas, products, or processes create original works as a means -
Spacex Mile-High Escape Test Will Feature 'Buster' the Dummy 1 May 2015, Bymarcia Dunn
SpaceX mile-high escape test will feature 'Buster' the dummy 1 May 2015, byMarcia Dunn out over the Atlantic, then parachutes down. SpaceX is working to get astronauts launched from Cape Canaveral again, as is Boeing. NASA hired the two companies to ferry astronauts to the International Space Station to reduce its reliance on Russian rockets. "It's our first big test on the crew Dragon," SpaceX's Hans Koenigsmann, vice president for mission assurance, told reporters Friday. The California-based SpaceX is aiming for a manned flight as early as 2017. It's already hauling groceries and other supplies to the space station via Dragon capsules; souped-up crew Dragons will be big enough to carry four or five—and possibly as many as seven—astronauts. NASA is insisting on a reliable launch abort system for crews—something its space shuttles lacked—in case of an emergency. That's one of the hard lessons learned from the now retired, 30-year shuttle program, said Jon Cowart, a manager in In this May 29, 2014 file photo, The SpaceX Dragon V2 NASA's commercial crew program. spaceship is unveiled at its headquarters in Hawthorne, Calif. SpaceX is just days away from shooting up a crew The 1986 Challenger accident occurred during capsule to test a launch escape system designed to save astronauts' lives. Buster, the dummy, is already liftoff, the 2003 Columbia disaster during re-entry. strapped in for Wednesday, May 6, 2015, nearly mile- There was no way to escape, and each time, seven high ride from Cape Canaveral, Florida.