The Potential of Urbanisation to Accelerate Post-COVID Economic Recovery 21 August 2020
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REPORT TO THE XV FINANCE COMMISSION The Potential of Urbanisation to Accelerate Post-COVID Economic Recovery 21 August 2020 Report to the XV Finance Commission The Potential of Urbanisation to Accelerate Post-COVID Economic Recovery 21 August 2020 AUTHORS Aromar Revi, Mainak Ray, Neha Sami, Shriya Anand, Sudeshna Mitra, Teja Malladi ANALYTICAL SUPPORT Pushkara S V, Pooja Rao, Dhananjayan M, Lokesh B S EDITORIAL & PRODUCTION Rekha Raghunathan, Kaavya Pradeep Kumar, Shruti Chandrashekar DESIGN & LAYOUT Vikrant M S This work is a product of the Indian Institute for Human Settlements (IIHS). b. Translation: Where a translation of this work has been created by a third party, prior written permission must be obtained from IIHS. I. Rights and Permissions Attribution to IIHS shall be accompanied by the following disclaimer: a. 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Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................ 1 Chapter 1: India’s Urban Context ...................................................................................................... 9 India’s Urban Growth Trends: (1951-2051) .......................................................................................... 11 The Experience of New Cities and Towns and SEZs in India (1951-2020) ........................................ 14 Key Drivers of India’s Urban and Economic Development ................................................................. 23 Urban Employment & Informality ......................................................................................................... 29 Migration .................................................................................................................................................. 32 Sustainable Urbanisation ....................................................................................................................... 34 Building Resilience Against Urban Hazard Risk .................................................................................. 42 Chapter 2: Post-COVID Priorities ....................................................................................................... 45 Post-COVID Urban Economic Recovery ................................................................................................ 47 Addressing Post - COVID Urban Risk .................................................................................................. 51 Post-Covid Intervention Strategies and Regional Priority ................................................................... 53 Regional Development Strategies for the 100-largest cities by population ................................... 54 Chapter 3: Implementation ................................................................................................................ 57 Building on current Urban Development and Reform Programmes ................................................ 59 Land ........................................................................................................................................................... 60 Urban Governance ………………………………….……………………….……………………….…………………………….. 63 Finance & Investment ............................................................................................................................. 65 Chapter 4: Conclusions ......................................................................................................................... 69 Chapter 5: Recommendations ............................................................................................................ 77 Bibliography .............................. ............................................................................................................ 85 Annex I ........................................ ............................................................................................................ 91 Annex II ....................................... .........................................................................................................119 Annex III ...............................................................................................................................................1 71 Annex IV ...............................................................................................................................................1 79 List of Figures Figure 1.1: Distribution of Population by Settlement Size Classes (1951 – 2051) ............................ 12 Figure 1.2: Distribution of Population across Cities, Towns and Villages (2011) ............................