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Smithsonian TMON - MarineGEO

Partnering Organizations

ABSTRACTABSTRACT BOOKBOOK

UF/IFAS Off ice of Conferences & Institutes 2311 Mowry Rd, Bldg. 78 An international discussion on the causes and consequences of Gainesville, FL 32611 PO Box 110750 mangrove ecosystem responses to an ever-changing climate. Phone: (352) 392-5930 www.conference.ifas.ufl.edu/ July 18-22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

ABSTRACT BOOK

July 18-22, 2016 St. Augustine, FL www.conference.ifas.ufl.edu/mmm4

@mmm4conference #MMM4

Network: FC-Campus Username: [email protected] Password: 16827774

TABLE OF CONTENTS Welcome Letter 7

Conference Committees 8

Sponsor Recognition 10

Wednesday Field Trips 11

Keynote Speakers 14

Program Agenda 15

Poster Display Information 22

Directory of Poster Presentations 23

Abstracts 35

Notes 246

July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL WELCOME MANGROVE ENTHUSIASTS!

n behalf of the Organizing Committee, the Scientific Program Committee, and our partners, welcome to the 4th OInternational Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting (MMM4). We are pleased you could join us for the first MMM in the United States at Flagler College here in historic downtown St. Augustine, the “Ancient City”, the oldest continuously occupied European-established city in the continental U.S.

MMM conferences are a series of international meetings that commenced in 2000 and recur at 4-6 year intervals. They are focused on understanding, conservation, and sustainable use of mangrove ecosystems worldwide. These conferences were initiated to create a greater awareness of the plight of mangroves, which remains one of the most threatened ecosystems on Earth.

Since its inception, MMM has provided a forum for mangrove scientists, students, resource managers, engineers, and policy-makers from around the world to gather and learn from each other. The first MMM conference, the Meeting on Mangrove Macrobenthos, was initiated in 2000 by the Museum of Zoology of the University of Florence, Italy, and the Macrobenthos of Eastern African Mangroves (MEAM) Group held in Mombasa, Kenya, convened by Marco Vaninni and Stefano Cannici. It focused on the biology, ecology, and exploitation of macrofauna and macrobenthic species in mangrove ecosystems worldwide. Since then, MMM has become recognized as the event to attend if you are involved in mangrove research. In 2006, MMM2 was held in Coolangatta, Australia, hosted by Norm Duke and Joe Lee with the goal to bring mangrove scientists together to address topical issues and to promote mangrove research. The third MMM conference was convened in 2012 by Farid Dahdouh-Guebas in Galle, Sri Lanka. MMM3 expanded on the original MMM scope to include mangrove management as well as mangrove research.

Previous conferences in the series have been successful in the pursuit to push the field of mangrove ecology forward on an international level. This year, the momentum continues with a jam-packed program of oral presentations, posters and keynotes addressing today’s hot topics and issues. The Conference Planning and Program Committees worked hard to develop a diverse program that includes a stellar line-up of mangrove scientists, visionaries, and restoration professionals, yielding a full variety of excellent presentations and opportunities to exchange ideas and discuss strategies to address common problems that we all face.

St. Augustine provides a perfect location for us to focus on mangrove ecosystems and how they are being affected by climate change. This venue along the Atlantic Coast of Florida was chosen for MMM4 because it represents the transition between temperate and tropical zones, where the pressures of climate change are especially visible. As a result of decreasingly cold winters and sea level rise, the distribution of mangroves is expanding northward and landward along this part of the Florida peninsula into coastal wetlands that have historically been dominated by salt marsh plants. This location, which currently contains the northernmost Atlantic exemplars of all three mangrove species found in North America, provides numerous opportunities to witness the consequences of climate change at this dynamic ecotone.

We would like to thank our generous Sponsors listed on page 8, whose financial support is critical to making MMM4 a reality. So please make time to stop by and visit with each of our sponsor representatives at their displays in the Gymnasium. We are also grateful to those who gave of their time and expertise to organize and moderate sessions, and to share their expertise with us. Further, we would be remiss without thanking all of the many individuals recognized on page 6, who volunteered their personal time and energy to organize and plan this conference. Of course, the success of every conference is dependent on those who attend—so thank you for participating in MMM4!

Have a great week, enjoy yourself, and when you leave, we trust you will take with you new information, new connections, and new tools and knowledge you can use to advance Mangrove Research in your neck of the woods.

Best regards, Candy Feller

7 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting CONFERENCE COMMITTEES

Planning Committee

Candy Feller, Chair, Senior Scientist, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD Nikki Dix, Research Coordinator, GTM Research Reserve, St. Augustine, FL Ken W. Krauss, Research Ecologist, U.S. Geological Survey, National Wetlands Research Center, Lafayette, LA Roy R. “Robin” Lewis III, Wetland Scientist, President, Lewis Environmental Services, Inc. and Coastal Resources Group, Inc., Keys Restoration Fund, Salt Springs, FL Todd Osborne, Assistant Professor, Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL Gary Raulerson, Assistant Manager, GTM Research Reserve, St. Augustine, FL Jessica Veenstra, Assistant Professor, Flagler College, St. Augustine, FL

Science Program Committee

AUSTRALIA Norman C. Duke, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD Joe S.Y. Lee, Griffith University, Gold Coast Southport, QLD Catherine E. Lovelock, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD Todd Minchinton, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW

BELGIUM Farid Dahdouh-Guebas, Université Libre de Bruxelles & Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels

BRAZIL Yara Schaeffer-Novelli, Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo

CHINA Luzhen Chen, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province

COLOMBIA Jose Ernesto Mañcera Pineda, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogata

GERMANY Uta Berger, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden

8 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

INDONESIA Ben Brown, Mangrove Action Project Indonesia, Indonesia

JAMAICA Mona Webber, University of the West Indies, Kingston

KENYA Jared O. Bosire, World Wildlife Fund, Kenya Country Office, Mombasa

SINGAPORE Daniel A. Friess, National University of Singapore, Singapore

SOUTH AFRICA Gonasagren Naidoo, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban

UNITED KINGDOM Mark Huxham, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, Scotland

UNITED STATES Candy Feller, Chair, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD Samantha Chapman, Villanova University, Villanova, PA Donna Devlin, Florida Atlantic University, Fort Pierce, FL Ken W. Krauss, U.S. Geological Survey, Lafayette, LA Roy R. “Robin” Lewis III, Lewis Environmental Services, Inc., Salt Springs, FL Karen McKee, U.S. Geological Survey, Lafayette, LA Todd Osborne, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL Michael J. Osland, U.S. Geological Survey, Lafayette, LA Edward Proffitt, Florida Atlantic University, Fort Pierce, FL Victor H. Rivera-Monroy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA Thomas J. Smith III, U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg, FL Wayne P. Sousa, Department of Integrative Biology, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA

9 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

A SPECIAL THANK YOU TO OUR SPONSORS Without their generous support, this conference would not be possible.

Mangrove Tree Crab (Aratus pisonii)

Smithsonian Environmental Research Center Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea virginica)

Smithsonian TMON - MarineGEO

Coffee Bean Snail (Melampus coffeus)

General Contributions

Partnering Organizations

Smithsonian Environmental Research Center

10 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

WEDNESDAY FIELD TRIPS

Field Trip #1: Mangrove and Marsh Restoration Tour

7:00 - 7:45 AM Coffee Available - Lewis Auditorium (Flagler College) 7:45 AM Board Bus 8:00 AM Bus Departs

Over 12,000 ha of mangrove forest and tidal marsh along the central Florida east coast have been successfully restored over the last 40 years. This includes physical removal of dredged material deposits (spoil areas) down to wetland elevations in excavated and filled areas of wetlands for mostly natural recolonization, the reconnection and management of diked mosquito control wetland areas to continue to control mosquitoes while allowing seasonal hydrologic restoration, return of fish use of to these areas, and again natural recolonization by mangroves and marsh plants (see Figures 1 and 2). These programs have emphasized the ability of mangroves and marsh species to undergo natural secondary succession with limited or no planting, a key principal in the Ecological Mangrove Rehabilitation (EMR) program developed over recent decades and summarized in the recently released Ecological Mangrove Rehabilitation Manual (Lewis and Brown 2014). This bus trip will highlight these successfully restored areas, featuring visits to the North Peninsula State Park in Volusia County, Florida and the Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge in Titusville.

Please Note:

Participants could potentially get wet and muddy during site visits and should wear appropriate clothing and footwear, bring sunscreen and bug spray. Lunch and water will be provided.

LOCATION: North Peninsula State Park (NPSP) and Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge (MINWR) Travel by bus to North Peninsula State Park, view restoration sites, travel to Merritt Island ROUTE: NWR to view other restoration sites and have lunch, bus back to hotel. ROUTE LENGTH: 220 miles round trip DEPART/RETURN: Depart at 8:00 a.m. – Arrive back at hotel at approximately 5:30 p.m. TRAVEL TIME TO SITES: 1.5 hour to NPSP, 2 hours to MINWR, 2.5 hour return trip TIME AT SITES: 3 hours plus lunch (30 minutes) TOTAL TRIP TIME: 9 hours, 30 minutes FIELD TRIP CAPTAINS: Robin Lewis, Laura Flynn and Cynthia Sapp, Coastal Resources Group SITE GUIDES: Ron Brockmeyer, Jorge Rey and Melinda Donnelly

11 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

Field Trip #2: Whitney Marine Lab with Boat or Kayak Tour

6:45 - 7:15 AM Coffee Available - Lewis Auditorium (Flagler College) 7:15 AM Board Bus 7:30 AM Bus Departs

The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and the Whitney Sea Turtle Hospital are located on a narrow stretch of land between the Atlantic Ocean to the east and the Matanzas River Estuary to the west. The Whitney lab, established in 1973, has a long history of neuroscience and marine biology research. New and exciting areas of research include estuarine biogeochemistry, ecology, and climate change sciences. Participants will tour the Whitney lab, the Whitney Sea Turtle Hospital, and travel along one of Florida’s most protected and undeveloped estuaries. A limited number of participants may choose to kayak with master naturalists ( http://rippleeffectecotours.com ) on this part of the tour for an additional $35. Or, for those who choose not to kayak, a boat ride will be available. This estuary is of exceptional interest to mangrove scientists as it is a zone of transition with Avicennia germinans and Rhizophora mangle encroaching on historically Spartina alterniflora dominated salt marsh.

Please Note:

Summertime in Florida will be HOT. Please wear light clothing that offers sun protection. Being on the water will amplify the exposure to sun so we recommend sunglasses, hats, plenty of sunscreen and lightweight clothing that provides protection from the sun. Hydration is also important so please take advantage of opportunities to hydrate (bring your water bottle to refill). If you have any known health conditions or allergies that may impact your enjoyment of this trip, please make these known to the tour guides in advance.

Lunch and water will be provided. Bottled water will also be available before and after the field trip. All participants should bring sunscreen and bug spray.

LOCATION: Whitney Marine Lab - 9505 Ocean Shore Blvd, St. Augustine FL 32080 Travel by bus to Whitney Lab and disembark for kayak or boat tour, lab and turtle hospital ROUTE: walking tour, and lunch. ROUTE LENGTH: 20 miles round trip DEPART/RETURN: Depart at 7:30am – Arrive back at hotel at approximately 1:30pm TRAVEL TIME TO SITES: 20 minutes TIME AT SITES: 4 hours TOTAL TRIP TIME: 5.5 hours FIELD TRIP CAPTAIN: Todd Osborne SITE GUIDES: Todd Osborne, Catherine Eastman, Danny Lippi, and others Participants who choose the kayak option could potentially get wet and should wear OTHER: appropriate clothing and footwear. This kayak trip is approximately 4 miles long, so participants should be prepared for some exercise!

12 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

Field Trip #3: March of the Mangroves Boat Tour

Meet at St. Augustine Marina (111 Avenida Menendez, St Augustine, FL 32084)

TRIP A Participants gather at 8:30 AM. Boat departs at 9:00 AM TRIP B Participants gather at 12:30 PM. Boat departs at 1:00 PM

The World Meteorological Organization declared 2001-2010 the warmest decade on record; subsequent years since then have been recorded as the warmest years on record. St. Johns County has long been the ecotone for the mangrove–salt marsh interface. Historically, the most northern line of mangroves has waned as cold snaps hold them to their southern boundaries. The recent warming trend and the lack of hard freezes in the region have allowed mangroves to march north. This 3-hour boat trip will take you on the river to see firsthand just how far the Mangroves have marched from their historical locations.

Please Note:

Participants MUST attend the Trip (A or B) for which they registered.

You may get wet on the boat and should wear appropriate clothing and footwear.

Sunscreen, beverages, and Personal Floatation Devices will be provided by Field Trip Captain.

DESTINATION: Guana Tolomato Matanzas National Estuarine Research Reserve ROUTE: Travel by boat from St. Augustine Marina to local sights along the Tolomato River, then back to the Marina. ROUTE LENGTH: 36 miles round trip DEPART/RETURN: Trip A: Depart Marina at 9:00am – Arrive back at Marina at 12noon Trip B: Depart Marina at 1:00pm – Arrive back at Marina at 4:00pm TOTAL TRIP TIME: 3 hours FIELD TRIP CAPTAIN: Matthew Monroe SITE GUIDE: Matthew Monroe

13 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

KEYNOTE SPEAKERS

Catherine Lovelock Monday, July 18th, 12:45pm

Dr. Lovelock is Professor in the School of Biological Sciences at The University of Queensland, Australia. Prior to joining The University of Queensland in 2004 she was Research Scientist at the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Maryland, USA and Post Doctoral Fellow at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute in Panama. She obtained her PhD in 1992 from James Cook University, Queensland, Australia. Her research focuses on the effects of, and adaptations to, climate change in coastal plant communities, fundamental metabolic and physiological processes of coastal and marine plant communities and the impacts of nutrient enrichment on tropical and subtropical coastal and marine plant communities. She leads the Climate Change Adaptation for Natural Resource Management project for the east coast of Australia, and she is a member of the International Scientific Blue Carbon Working Group, the CSIRO Coastal Carbon Biogeochemistry Cluster, the EU network for Climate Change Research in the Tropical Coastal Zone and a past member of the advisory committee for coasts of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority.

Robert Twilley Friday, July 22nd, 1:30pm

Dr. Twilley is Executive Director of Louisiana Sea Grant College Program and professor in the Department of Oceanography and Coastal Science at LSU. Presently, Dr. Twilley serves as President-Elect of Coastal Estuarine Research Federation. He has been a Distinguished Professor at both LSU and UL Lafayette. In the last several years, Dr. Twilley has served in administrative capacities in higher education including Vice President for Research, Associate Vice Chancellor of Research and Economic Development, and Director of the Wetland Biogeochemistry Institute. He is founder of the LSU Coastal Sustainability Studio and developed the UL Lafayette Center for Ecology and Environmental Technology. Most of Dr. Twilley’s research has focused on coastal wetlands in the Gulf of Mexico, throughout Latin America, and in the Pacific Islands. Dr. Twilley has published extensively on wetland ecology, global climate change, and he has been involved in developing ecosystem models coupled with engineering designs to forecast the rehabilitation of coastal and wetland ecosystems.

14 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

2016 PROGRAM AGENDA

Sunday, July 17, 2016

Flagler Dorm Check-in 1:00PM - 6:00PM (Latecomers must check in with Flagler Security in Ponce de Leon Hall Rotunda, accessible from Kenan Parking Lot) 3:00PM - 6:00PM Registration Open (Lewis Auditorium Lobby) 3:00PM - 6:00PM Poster and Sponsor/Exhibitor Move-In (Gymnasium) Monday, July 18, 2016

9:00AM - 6:00PM Registration Open (Lewis Auditorium Lobby) 9:00AM - 12NOON Poster and Sponsor/Exhibitor Move-In (Gymnasium) 12:30PM - 12:45PM Welcome Remarks by Organizers Catherine Lovelock | Keynote Presentation 12:45PM - 1:40PM Deserving of a Better Fate: Mangroves and Sea Level Rise

1:40PM - Session 1: Biodiversity and Biocomplexity 3:30PM Moderator: Karen L. McKee SEEING THE TREES AS WELL AS THE FOREST: QUANTIFYING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN 1:45PM Shing Yip Lee HABITAT SPATIAL COMPLEXITY AND MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM SERVICES 2:00PM Janine Adams DYNAMICS OF MANGROVES ALONG THE SOUTH AFRICAN COASTLINE RECRUITMENT OF AVICENNIA GERMINANS IN A MOSAIC SALTMARSH: A FIELD STUDY OF PATCH- 2:15PM Susan Bell SCALE PLANT INTERACTIONS GENETIC STRUCTURE AND POPULATION DEMOGRAPHY OF WIDESPREAD SEA-DISPERSAL 2:30PM Takashi Yamamoto PLANTS VIGNA MARINA IN THE PACIFIC DO NATIVE INTERTIDAL BURROWING CRABS BENEFIT FROM NON-NATIVE SPARTINA 2:45PM Hanyu Meng ALTERNIFLORA? WILL THE EXPANSION OF MANGROVE FORESTS ALTER THE NURSERY FUNCTION OF ESTUARIES 3:00PM Anusha Rajkaran IN SOUTH AFRICA? 3:15PM Wayne Sousa RATES OF MANGROVE FOLIVORY HIGHER THAN ASSUMED 3:30PM PM REFRESHMENT BREAK (Gymnasium)

3:55PM - Session 2: Historical Ecology and Climate Change 6:00PM Moderator: Samantha Chapman 4:00PM Michael Osland CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION OF MANGROVE FORESTS BIODIVERSITY IS INTEGRAL TO THE ABILITY OF FOUNDATION SPECIES TO ADAPT TO CHANGING 4:15PM Donna Devlin CLIMATE CONDITIONS AN EXPLORATION OF CHANGING DIET AND BEHAVIOR IN THE RANGE-SHIFTING MANGROVE 4:30PM Zachary Cannizzo TREE CRAB (ARATUS PISONII) BETWEEN ITS HISTORIC AND NOVEL HABITATS 4:45PM Armando Reis Neto MANGROVES AT THE ARAÇÁ BAY, SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL: A HISTORICAL ECOLOGY APPROACH ARTIFICIAL WARMING INCREASES ADULT MANGROVE AND SALT MARSH GROWTH RATES AND 5:00PM Glenn Coldren MAY ENHANCE TRANSITION TO MANGROVE DOMINANCE MANAGING TERRESTRIAL CARBON STOCKS THROUGH A LONG-TERM LOGGING ROTATION IN 5:15PM Daniel Murdiyarso MANGROVE FORESTS IN BINTUNI BAY, WEST PAPUA 5:30PM John Parker WHAT CONTROLS POLEWARD RANGE LIMITS OF MANGROVES?

5:45PM Nico Koedam MANGROVES–CAPTURED BY THE KEEN EYE OF A 17TH CENTURY LANDSCAPE PAINTER

6:00PM - 7:00PM WELCOME RECEPTION (Gymnasium)

15 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

Tuesday, July 19, 2016

7:30AM - 6:30PM Registration Open (Lewis Auditorium Lobby) 7:30AM - 8:30AM LIGHT MORNING REFRESHMENTS (Gymnasium) MANGROVE RESTORATION FORUM Moderator: Roy R. “Robin” Lewis III Introduction and Review of Past, and Present Opportunities Jorge Rey, Ron Brockmeyer and Melinda Donnelly 8:30AM - 10:15AM The Rehabilitation of Impacted Wetlands in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida Nicole Cormier Using Surface Elevation as a Tool to Assess Functional Equivalency after Mangrove Forest Restoration Roy R. “Robin” Lewis III and Laura L. Flynn Future? We Have to Learn From Our Mistakes and Implement Early Detection and Preemptive Rehabilitation

10:15AM AM REFRESHMENT BREAK (Gymnasium)

10:40AM - Session 3: Macrobenthos and Marine Communities, Part I 12:30PM Moderator: Wayne P. Sousa KROPOTKIN’S GARDEN: PLANT-PLANT AND ANIMAL-PLANT FACILITATION IN 10:45AM Mark Huxham MANGROVE ECOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING COMMUNITY CHANGE FROM THE BOTTOM-UP: MANGROVE EXPANSION ALTERS 11:00AM Rachel Smith DETRITAL INVERTEBRATE COMMUNITY COMPOSITION INVESTIGATING THE RESILIENCE OF MANGROVE ECOSYSTEMS AND FIDDLER CRABS IN 11:15AM Nasreen Peer SOUTH AFRICA EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE ON MANGROVE BIODIVERSITY, COMMUNITY DYNAMICS 11:30AM Inga Nordhaus AND ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONS IN JAVA, INDONESIA 11:45AM Jenny Booth MANGROVE MICROBIOME DYNAMICS IN CRAB BIOTURBATED SEDIMENT Gustavo Adolfo MODELING TROPHIC FLOWS IN THE WETTEST MANGROVES OF THE TROPICAL EASTERN 12:00PM Castellanos-Galindo PACIFIC REGION FROM SCIENCE TO POLICY: UNDERSTANDING REPRODUCTIVE RHYTHMICITY OF BRAZILIAN 12:15PM Karen Diele MANGROVE CRABS TO IMPROVE THEIR CONSERVATION AND FISHERIES MANAGEMENT 12:30PM - 1:50PM GROUP LUNCHEON BUFFET (Dining Hall) 1:55PM - Session 4: Macrobenthos and Marine Communities, Part II 3:45PM Moderator: Norman C. Duke THE BENEFITS OF A MULTIPLE HABITAT RESTORATION STRATEGY BY COMBINING HYDROLOGIC 2:00PM Eric Milbrandt RESTORATION, MANGROVE PROPAGULE PLANTINGS AND OYSTER SUBSTRATE ADDITIONS IN A SEMI-ENCLOSED FLORIDA EMBAYMENT GILL-BACTERIA SYMBIOTIC ASSOCIATIONS IN DUAL-BREATHING ANIMALS LIVING IN 2:15PM Marco Fusi MANGROVE ECOSYSTEMS Jessene LATITUDE AFFECTS DOMINANCE BY SECONDARY FOUNDATION SPECIES ON RED MANGROVE 2:30PM Aquino-Thomas (RHIZOPHORA MANGLE) PROP ROOTS UNDERESTIMATING THE ROLE OF LEAF LITTER IN SESARMID CRAB DIETS: THE IMPORTANCE OF 2:45PM Richard MacKenzie ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION VALUES Yara Schaeffer- RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE BIOMASS OF MANGROVE ROOTS AND THE DENSITY OF THE 3:00PM Novelli POLYCHAETE SPECIES CAPITELLA SP MARSHES TO MANGROVES: WHAT DO WE REALLY KNOW ABOUT THE FUNCTIONAL VALUES OF 3:15PM Ronald Baker TIDAL WETLANDS FOR FISHERY SPECIES? STABLE ISOTOPES OF MACROBENTHOS AND FISH IN MANGROVE-FOREST FOOD WEBS OF 3:30PM Carole McIver SHARK RIVER, USA 3:45PM PM REFRESHMENT BREAK (Gymnasium)

16 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

Tuesday, July 19, 2016 (continued)

4:10PM - Session 5: Habitat, Distribution and Connectivity 6:00PM Moderator: Norman C. Duke VEGETATION REGIME SHIFT IN COASTAL WETLANDS AFFECTS TRAPPING OF WRACK SUBSIDIES 4:15PM Steven Pennings FROM SUBTIDAL HABITATS THE ROLE OF GROUNDWATER ON GROWTH, BIOMASS ALLOCATION AND DECOMPOSITION IN 4:30PM Matthew Hayes MANGROVE FORESTS 4:45PM Erin Kiskaddon TROPHIC FOOD WEB DYNAMICS ACROSS A MANGROVE/UPLAND ECOTONE MIND THE TRAP: IMPLICATIONS OF THE TRAPPING EFFICIENCY OF AVICENNIA AND 5:00PM Lucy Gillis RHIZOPHORA ROOTS EFFECTS OF SEVERE FLOODING ON ESTUARINE MANGROVES–DISTURBANCE, RESILIENCE AND 5:15PM Jock Mackenzie RESTORATION Tom Van der A MODELING STUDY ON THE ROLE OF DISPERSAL VECTOR INTERACTIONS IN THE POTENTIAL 5:30PM Stocken FOR LONG DISTANCE DISPERSAL IN MANGROVES 5:45PM Kyle Cavanaugh REGIONAL VARIABILITY IN THE DYNAMICS OF GLOBAL MANGROVE RANGE LIMITS

6:00PM - Lightning Round #1: Biodiversity, Habitat and Climate Change 6:40PM Moderator: Farid Dahdouh-Guebas

6:00PM MODERATOR’S INTRODUCTION & TRANSITION EFFECTS OF POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS (BDE-99 AND BDE-209) ON GERMINATION 6:04PM Shazia Farzana AND GROWTH OF A MANGROVE PLANT, KANDELIA OBOVATA INVESTIGATING TOP-DOWN AND BOTTOM-UP INFLUENCES ON BLACK MANGROVE (AVICENNIA 6:08PM Amy Langston GERMINANS) ENCROACHMENT IN FORESTED FRESHWATER ISLANDS ALONG THE BIG BEND COAST OF FLORIDA

MARSH-MANGROVE INTERACTIONS: SHORT TERM EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND LONGER 6:12PM Ed Proffitt TERM CONSEQUENCES FOR PLOT DOMINANCE

IMPORTANCE OF AUTOCHTHONOUS SOURCES FOR GASTROPOD CONSUMERS IN 6:16PM Jacqueline Raw SUBTROPICAL ESTUARINE MANGROVES: A CASE STUDY FROM SOUTH AFRICA TROPHIC INTERACTIONS IN BENTHIC FOOD WEBS OF MANGROVES SUBJECT TO MULTIPLE 6:20PM Judith Klein HUMAN ACTIVITIES

6:24PM Nelson Miranda LITTORARIA (GASTROPODA: LITTORINIDAE) AS BIOINDICATORS OF MANGROVE HEALTH

MANGROVE DISTRIBUTION AND CONDITION IN JAVA, INDONESIA, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE 6:28PM Devi Choesin TO LEUWEUNG SANCANG NATURE RESERVE, WEST JAVA SEA LEVEL RECONSTRUCTIONS FROM THICK MANGROVE PEAT DEPOSITS IN FLORIDA, BELIZE 6:32PM Marguerite Toscano AND PANAMA – AGE AND PALEO ELEVATIONS OF BASAL PEATS VS. CONTINUOUS SAMPLING, AND RELATIONSHIP TO GEOPHYSICAL SEA LEVEL MODELS 6:40PM - 8:00PM POSTER SESSION 1 & NETWORKING RECEPTION (Gymnasium)

Wednesday, July 20, 2016

7:00AM - 5:00PM FIELD TRIP DAY (OPTIONAL)

17 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

Thursday, July 21, 2016

7:30AM - 6:30PM Registration Open (Lewis Auditorium Lobby) 7:30AM - 8:30AM LIGHT MORNING REFRESHMENTS (Gymnasium) 8:25AM - Session 6: Ecophysiology, Biogeochemistry and Sea-Level Rise, Part I 10:00AM Moderator: Yara Schaeffer-Novelli MANGROVE ENCROACHMENT INTO MARSHES ALTERS BELOWGROUND ORGANIC MATTER 8:30AM Samantha Chapman DYNAMICS WITH IMPLICATIONS FOR SURFACE ELEVATION ECOGEOMORPHOLOGY: TOWARDS A UNIFIED FRAMEWORK TO EXPLAIN STRUCTURAL AND 8:45AM Andre Rovai FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF MANGROVE ECOSYSTEMS OSMOTIC ADAPTATION IN MANGROVES AND ASSOCIATES—A CHALLENGE FOR DEGRADED 9:00AM Krishna Ray MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM TEN YEARS AFTER: WILMA STORM DEPOSITS’ EFFECT ON VERTICAL SOIL ACCRETION IN A 9:15AM Gordon Anderson COASTAL MANGROVE FOREST (2005-2015), EVERGLADES NATIONAL PARK, FL, USA 9:30AM Cyril Marchand MAIN FACTORS DRIVING GHG EMISSIONS FROM MANGROVE SEDIMENTS ASSESSING THE APPLICABILITY OF DIFFERENT TIMESCALES FOR QUANTIFYING COASTAL 9:45AM Joshua Breithaupt WETLAND VULNERABILITY TO SEA LEVEL RISE 10:00AM AM REFRESHMENT BREAK (Gymnasium) 10:25AM - Session 7: Ecophysiology, Biogeochemistry and Sea-Level Rise, Part II 12NOON Moderator: Donna J. Devlin BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC DRIVERS OF CARBON STORAGE DURING MANGROVE ESTABLISHMENT IN 10:30AM John Kominoski SALT AND FRESHWATER MARSH ECOSYSTEMS: A MECHANISTIC FRAMEWORK 10:45AM Todd Osborne CARBON BIOGEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES ALONG A MANGROVE-SALTMARSH ECOTONE 11:00AM Thorsten Balke WHAT DETERMINES THE SEAWARD LIMIT OF MANGROVE AND SALT-MARSH VEGETATION? LATERAL CARBON AND NUTRIENT EXCHANGES IN A LOW LATITUDE MANGROVE TIDAL CREEK: A 11:15AM Pierre Taillardat MULTI-STABLE ISOTOPE APPROACH 11:30AM Martin Zimmer ORIGIN OF SEDIMENTARY ORGANIC MATTER AND ITS FATE UPON DECOMPOSITION MANGROVE DISTRIBUTION CHANGES IN AUSTRALIA AND THE VULNERABILITY OF MANGROVE 11:45AM Kerrylee Rogers TO SEA-LEVEL RISE 12NOON - 1:20PM GROUP LUNCHEON BUFFET (Dining Hall) 1:25PM - Session 8: Socio-Ecology and Ecosystem Services 3:15PM Moderator: Mark Huxham RAPID FEASIBILITY ASSESSMENTS FOR DETERMINING APPROPRIATE MANGROVE RECOVERY 1:30PM Benjamin Brown INTERVENTIONS AT THE LANDSCAPE SCALE IN INDONESIA HOW WILL MANGROVE ENCROACHMENT AND ERODING IMPOUNDMENTS IMPACT COASTAL 1:45PM Cheryl Doughty PROTECTION OF INTERTIDAL WETLANDS IN THE MERRITT ISLAND NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE? 2:00PM Clare Duncan BIODIVERSITY INFLUENCES ON MANGROVE FOREST ECOSYSTEM SERVICES DELIVERY 2:15PM Dan Friess OIL PALM–A RAPIDLY INCREASING CAUSE OF MANGROVE DEFORESTATION IN SOUTHEAST ASIA Mohammad DRIVERS OF CHANGES IN ECOSYSTEM SERVICES OF THE SUNDARBANS MANGROVE 2:30PM Mahmudul Islam ECOSYSTEM IN BANGLADESH Nguyen Thi Huynh AN INVESTIGATION INTO SOCIAL LEARNING DYNAMICS AND CONVERSION TO SUSTAINABLE 2:45PM Phuong INTEGRATED MANGROVE SHRIMP FARMING IN BINH DAI DISTRICT, BEN TRE PROVINCE, VIETNAM 3:00PM Philine zu Ermgassen MODELLING THE VALUE OF MANGROVE FISHERIES 3:15PM PM REFRESHMENT BREAK (Gymnasium)

18 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

Thursday July 21, 2016 (continued)

3:40PM - Session 9: Blue Carbon 5:30PM Moderator: Joe Lee HIGH-RESOLUTION 3-D MAPPING OF FOREST STRUCTURE AND ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS 3:45PM Lola Fatoyinbo STOCKS IN BLUE CARBON ECOSYSTEMS IN THE AMERICAS, AFRICA AND SOUTH ASIA INCREASING MANGROVE DENSITY INCREASES CARBON STORAGE BUT DECREASES SEDIMENT 4:00PM Sean Charles ACCRETION IN COASTAL WETLANDS: EVIDENCE FROM LARGE-SCALE EXPERIMENTAL MANIPULATIONS RESTORATION MAY INCREASE CARBON STOCK OF DEGRADED MANGROVE 4:15PM Sahadev Sharma FORESTS ACROSS CAMBODIA CARBON STORAGE AND SOIL BURIAL RATES IN RIVERINE AND SCRUB MANGROVE FORESTS 4:30PM Edward Castaneda OF THE FLORIDA COASTAL EVERGLADES, USA

NET ECOSYSTEM CO2 EXCHANGES BETWEEN A DWARF AVICENNIA MARINA VAR. AUSTRALASICA 4:45PM Audrey Leopold MANGROVE AND THE ATMOSPHERE: APPLICATION OF THE EDDY-COVARIANCE FLUX TOWER TO “LE COEUR DE VOH” MANGROVE (NEW CALEDONIA) 5:00PM Sarah Mack STATUS AND CHALLENGES OF MANGROVES IN CARBON MARKETS 5:15PM Tim Jennerjahn BLUE CARBON–RELEVANCE OF THE MANGROVE STOREHOUSE

5:30PM - Lightning Round #2: Ecosystem Services, Community Structure and Restoration 6:15PM Moderator: Daniel A. Friess

5:30PM MODERATOR’S INTRODUCTION & TRANSITION WARMING AND MANGROVE ENCROACHMENT INFLUENCE MARSH MICROBIAL 5:35PM Chelsea Barreto COMMUNITY COMPOSITION 5:39PM Alfredo Quarto GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE ON MANGROVE LOSS, THREATS AND SOLUTIONS Katherine Vande BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION IN SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS: 5:43PM Velde THE LAST(ING) MANGROVES OF SINGAPORE ESTIMATION OF CARBON STOCKS IN COLOMBIAN MANGROVES AND 5:47PM Jhoanata Bolivar ASSOCIATED UNCERTAINTIES EFFECTS OF LAND COVER CHANGE ON SOIL ORGANIC CARBON FRACTIONS IN A SUBTROPICAL 5:51PM Derrick Y.F. Lai MANGROVE WETLAND MANGROVE COMMUNITY STRUCTURE ANALYSIS IN WESTERN SUNDARBANS IN INDIA - 5:55PM Sandip Kumar Basak A GUIDE FOR DESIGNING MANGROVE RESTORATION GENETIC AND MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION OF EAST FLORIDA BLACK 5:59PM John Paul Kennedy MANGROVE (AVICENNIA GERMINANS) A MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH IN ASSESSING TYPHOON-DAMAGED MANGROVE FORESTS 6:03PM Kayla Marie Castro IN THE PHILIPPINES 6:07PM Emma Asbridge MANGROVE RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE IN NORTHERN AUSTRALIA

6:15PM - 7:30PM POSTER SESSION 2 & NETWORKING RECEPTION (Gymnasium)

19 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

Friday, July 22, 2016

7:30AM - 3:00PM Registration Open (Lewis Auditorium Lobby) 7:30AM - 8:30AM LIGHT MORNING REFRESHMENTS (Gymnasium) 8:25AM - Session 10: Forest and Community Structure, Part I 10:00AM Moderator: Victor Rivera-Monroy TROPHIC STRUCTURE OF MANGROVE ECOSYSTEMS IN EASTERN AUSTRALIA AND THE INPUT 8:30AM Neil Saintilan OF ANTHROPOGENIC N: INSIGHTS FROM STABLE ISOTOPE ANALYSIS GENETIC AND EVOLUTIONARY CONSEQUENCES OF EXTREME LONG-DISTANCE SEED 8:45AM Koji Takayama DISPERSAL OF THE MANGROVE GENERA, RHIZOPHORA AND HIBISCUS DISTURBANCE, SITE AND VEGETATION FEEDBACKS CREATE LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE IN SOUTH 9:00AM Michael Ross FLORIDA COASTAL WETLANDS Marilia Cunha- INVASIVE SPECIES OF AQUATIC MACROPHYTES AFFECTING MANGROVE FORESTS STRUCTURE 9:15AM Lignon AND CONSERVATION IN PROTECTED AREAS MANGROVES IN A CHANGING WORLD: FROM POPULATION GENETICS TO 9:30AM Alison Kim Shan Wee ECOLOGICAL GENOMICS CANOPY GAP-SIZE NICHE DIFFERENTIATION AND GAP-PHASE REGENERATION AS CRITICAL 9:45AM Victor Rivera-Monroy MECHANISMS TO EXPLAIN FOREST STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ATTRIBUTES IN THE EVERGLADES MANGROVE ECOTONE REGION 10:00AM AM REFRESHMENT BREAK (Gymnasium)

10:25AM - Session 11: Forest and Community Structure, Part II 12NOON Moderator: Uta Berger Gustavo Maruyama WESTERN MANGROVE SPECIES IN FACE OF PAST AND CURRENT CLIMATE CHANGES: A MULTI- 10:30AM Mori DISCIPLINARY APPROACH 10:45AM Mark Hester SPATIAL VARIATION IN MANGROVE COMMUNITY ZONATION IN THE LOWER FLORIDA KEYS, USA 11:00AM Tadashi Kajita TOWARD THE CONSERVATION GENETICS OF MANGROVES ON A GLOBAL SCALE MANGROVE REGENERATION IN CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT: A WEST 11:15AM Mériadec Sillanpää PAPUA CASE STUDY DEVELOPING TOOLS FOR SUSTAINABLE MANGROVE FOREST MANAGEMENT IN WEST PAPUA, 11:30AM Juliana Vantellingen INDONESIA: ASSESSING SUSTAINABLE HARVEST YIELDS AND REGENERATION STRATEGIES 11:45AM Marc Simard GLOBAL TRENDS IN MANGROVE FOREST STRUCTURE

12NOON - 1:20PM GROUP LUNCHEON BUFFET (Dining Hall)

20 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

Friday, July 22, 2016 (continued)

Robert Twilley Keynote Presentation 1:30PM - 2:25PM Using Ecogeomorphology Models to Scale Global Estimates of Biomass, Productivity and Carbon Dynamics in Mangrove Ecosystems

2:25PM - Session 12: Restoration, Rehabilitation and Remote Sensing, Part I 3:45PM Moderator: Michael J. Osland

2:30PM Norm Duke MANAGING OIL SPILL IMPACTS ON MANGROVES: SHOULD WE BE CONCERNED? 2:45PM Uta Berger FACILITATION AND MANGROVE RESTORATION: CONCEPT, EVIDENCE AND PRACTICES Mathiventhan PRESENT STATUS OF MANGROVE RESTORATION IN BATTICALOA DISTRICT, SRI LANKA: 3:00PM Thavanayagam IS IT SUCCESS? EXPLORING THE FULLY-POLARIMETRIC CAPABILITIES OF RADARSAT-2 FOR MONITORING A 3:15PM Duncan Hill DEGRADED WHITE MANGROVE (LAGUNCULARIA RACEMOSA) FOREST OF THE MEXICAN PACIFIC A COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF DAMAGES AND REGENERATION PATTERNS BETWEEN PLANTED 3:30PM Severino III Salmo AND NATURAL MANGROVE STANDS AFTER CATASTROPHIC TYPHOONS IN THE PHILIPPINES 3:45PM PM REFRESHMENT BREAK (Gymnasium) 3:30PM - 5:00PM Poster & Sponsor Displays Move Out

4:10PM - Session 13: Restoration, Rehabilitation and Remote Sensing, Part II 5:30PM Moderator: C. Edward Proffitt RESPONSES OF GROWTH, INTERACTIONS BETWEEN MANGROVES AND SPARTINA 4:15PM Dan Peng ALTERNIFLORA ACROSS TIDAL ELEVATION GRADIENT TOWARDS AN IMPROVED UNDERSTANDING OF CARBON STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION AND 4:30PM Clint Cameron GREENHOUSE GAS MITIGATION BENEFITS RESULTING FROM REHABILITATING MANGROVE ECOSYSTEMS IN INDONESIA THE DETECTION OF DISTURBANCE IN THE SOUTHEAST SALINE EVERGLADES AND ITS 4:45PM Danielle Ogurcak RELATIONSHIP TO MANGROVE FOREST TRANSGRESSION APPLICATION OF MANGROVEWATCH FOR BROAD-SCALE ASSESSMENT OF MANGROVE 5:00PM Damien Burrows CONDITION AND DYNAMICS IN THE TORRES STRAIT–THE NORTHERN-MOST AUSTRALIAN ISLANDS Farid Dahdouh- ISLAND-WIDE COASTAL VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF SRI LANKA REVEALS SAND DUNES, 5:15PM Guebas PLANTED TREES AND NATURAL VEGETATION AS POTENTIAL BARRIERS AGAINST OCEAN SURGES 5:30PM Closing Remarks

6:00PM Conference Concludes

21 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

POSTER DISPLAY INFORMATION

Poster presentations play a key role in the success of a conference. We are dedicating two (2) evenings to poster presentations and networking, as well as featuring certain poster presentations with lightning talks (see the Detailed Agenda). Poster presentations are an integral part of this meeting, and we hope these poster events will generate as much buzz about the excellent work on display as the abstracts deserve.

All posters will be up for the entire duration of the conference for maximum visibility. Early morning, mid-day and afternoon refreshments will be served in the poster session room (the Gymnasium) each day. Our Welcome Reception and Poster Sessions will also take place there, allowing plenty of time to view all the research on display. Poster Set-up

Sunday, July 17 | 3:00pm – 6:00pm (If you arrive after this time, you can set it up on Monday, July 18, 9:00am – noon.)

Poster Removal

Friday, July 22 | 3:30pm – 5:00pm Poster Session Receptions

POSTER SESSION ONE: Tuesday, July 19 | 6:40pm – 8:00pm* *Session One Poster Presenters, please stand at your poster during the Session One Reception as follows: • Presenters at ODD NUMBERED BOARDS: 7:00pm – 7:30pm. • Presenters at EVEN NUMBERED BOARDS: 7:30pm – 8:00pm.

POSTER SESSION TWO: Thursday, July 21 | 6:15pm – 7:35pm* *Session Two Poster Presenters, please stand at your poster during the Session Two Reception as follows: • Presenters at ODD NUMBERED BOARDS: 6:35pm – 7:05pm. • Presenters at EVEN NUMBERED BOARDS: 7:05pm – 7:35pm.

This is the primary opportunity for attendees to meet with presenters personally and ask questions, so please be courteous to your neighbors and be available at your poster during the appointed time and date.

Poster display boards will be dismantled and removed by the vendor on Friday evening at 5:00pm. Please remove your poster promptly during the assigned removal time. Conference organizers are not responsible for lost or damaged posters removed by the display board vendor. Posters left behind will be discarded.

22 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL DIRECTORY OF POSTER PRESENTATIONS

Poster presentations are an integral part of this meeting, and we hope these poster events will generate as much buzz about the excellent work on display as the abstracts deserve. Two evenings are dedicated to poster presentations and networking, and some posters will be featured in lightning talks. Lightning talks are highlighted in orange below. Consult the program agenda for detailed presentation times.

Poster Assigned State / First Name Last Name Organization City Country Format Abstract Title # Session Province

Session University of São ARE MANGROVE 90 Guilherme Abuchahla São Paulo Brazil Poster One Paulo - USP PANARCHIES?

INTRODUCTION OF MANGROVE RESTORATION Session University of PRACTICES TO INCREASE THE 103 Fahad Al Jamali Doha Qatar Poster Two Qatar MANGROVE FOREST COVER IN AL WAKRA REGION OF STATE OF QATAR

King Abdullah University of Session Saudi CARBON SINK CAPACITY OF 52 Hanan Almahasheer Science and Thuwal Poster Two Arabia RED SEA MANGROVES Technology (KAUST)

MANGROVE FOREST Halu Oleo PRODUCTIVITY IN CENTER Session University, Sulawesi 43 Kangkuso Analuddin Kendari Indonesia Poster PART OF CORAL TRIANGLE One Kendari, Tengah ECO-REGION AT THE SOUTH Indonesia SULAWESI, INDONESIA

Rosenstiel School of Marine FRIENDS OR FOES? THE Session & Atmospheric United PROBLEM OF SOUTH 22 Rafael Araujo Miami FL Poster Two Science, States FLORIDA’S INVASIVE University of MANGROVES Miami

CITIZEN SCIENCE DATA Texas A&M REVEAL THE IMPACT OF A Session United 123 Anna Armitage University at Galveston TX Poster CHANGING TEXAS MARSH- Two States Galveston MANGROVE ECOTONE ON COASTAL BIRD COMMUNITIES

BOTTOM-UP EFFECTS OF MANGROVE STAND Texas A&M EXPANSION ON SALT Session United 124 Anna Armitage University at Galveston TX Poster MARSH PLANT AND ANIMAL Two States Galveston ASSEMBLAGES: IMPLICATIONS FOR MANGROVE RESTORATION IN TEXAS

NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT Texas A&M Session United SHIFTS MANGROVE SIZE 122 Anna Armitage University at Galveston TX Poster Two States DISTRIBUTION WITHIN THE Galveston MANGROVE-MARSH ECOTONE

Poster & University of MANGROVE RESPONSE TO Session Lightning 69 Emma Asbridge New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE IN Two Talk (UNSW) NORTHERN AUSTRALIA Thursday

CONTRIBUTION OF PREVALENT SOLUTES Session University of 77 Irfan Aziz Karachi Pakistan Poster CONSTITUITIVELY INVOLVED One Karachi IN OSMOTIC ADJUSTMENT IN MANGROVES FROM PAKISTAN

23 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

MODELING MANGROVE University of RANGE LIMIT SHIFTS IN Session United 33 Remi Bardou California ,Los Los Angeles CA Poster THE NORTH PACIFIC COAST One States Angeles IN RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE

Poster & WARMING AND MANGROVE Session Villanova United Lightning ENCROACHMENT INFLUENCE 81 Chelsea Barreto Villanova PA Two University States Talk MARSH MICROBIAL Thursday COMMUNITY COMPOSITION

MANGROVE COMMUNITY Poster & STRUCTURE ANALYSIS IN Session West Lightning WESTERN SUNDARBANS 117 Sandip Kumar Basak Kandi Raj College Murshidabad India Two Bengal Talk IN INDIA-A GUIDE FOR Thursday DESIGNING MANGROVE RESTORATION

ASSESSMENT OF MANGROVE Universiti VEGETATION BASED ON Session Kuala 97 Satyanarayana Behara Malaysia Terengganu Malaysia Poster GROUND-TRUTH AND REMOTE Two Terengganu Terengganu SENSING APPLICATIONS AT BRUNEI BAY, EAST MALAYSIA

National QUANTIFYING THE FISHERIES Session 26 Rayna Benzeev University of Singapore Singapore Poster ECOSYSTEM SERVICES OF Two Singapore SINGAPORE’S MANGROVES

GALLS ON Universidad RHIZOPHORA Session : RELATIONSHIP WITH 29 Sara Betancur Nacional de Medellín Colombia Poster MANGLE One ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES Colombia AND EFFECTS ON VEGETATION

MACRONUTRIENT PROCESSING AND RETENTION IN MANGROVE Session University of United 61 Rupesh Bhomia Gainesville FL Poster ENVIRONMENTS OF WESTERN One Florida States AFRICA: A CASE STUDY FROM LIBERIA, SENEGAL AND GABON

PRODUCTIVITY OF TIDAL BORNE ACCUMULATED Session Md Khurshid University of 62 Bhuiyan Puerto Real Cadiz Spain Poster SEDIMENTS IN A TROPICAL One Alam Cadiz MANGROVE OF SARAWAK, MALAYSIA

Poster & ESTIMATION OF CARBON Max Planck Session Lightning STOCKS IN COLOMBIAN 53 Jhoanata Bolivar Institute for Jena Germany Two Talk MANGROVES AND Biogeochemistry Thursday ASSOCIATED UNCERTAINTIES

FLORIDA MANGROVE FOREST Session U.S. Forest United 113 Mark Brown Knoxville TN Poster LAND: CHALLENGES, EXTENT, Two Service States AND CHARACTERISTICS

Harbor Branch COMPETITION, FACILITATION, Oceanographic AND GROWTH AMONG Session United 34 Jordan Byrum Institute, Fort Pierce FL Poster MANGROVES ACROSS A One States Florida Atlantic LATITUDINAL GRADIENT IN University FLORIDA

NON-NATIVE MANGROVE Session Hawaii Pacific United 118 Susan Carstenn Kaneohe HI Poster FORESTS IN STREAM MOUTH Two University States ESTUARIES ON OAHU, HAWAII

A MULTIDISCIPLINARY Poster & Ateneo APPROACH IN ASSESSING Session Lightning 102 Kayla Marie Castro de Manila Quezon City Philippines TYPHOON-DAMAGED Two Talk University MANGROVE FORESTS IN THE Thursday PHILIPPINES

24 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

DEMOGRAPHIC RATES COMPARISON OF JUVENILE OYSTER, CRASSOSTREA Session University of United 5 Dinorah Chacin St Petersburg FL Poster VIRGINICA, AMONG REEFS One South Florida States LOCATED ON BLACK MANGROVES, OYSTER BARS, AND MARSHGRASS HABITATS

MANGROVE DISTRIBUTION Poster & AND CONDITION IN JAVA, Session Institut Teknologi Lightning INDONESIA, WITH SPECIAL 37 Devi Choesin Bandung Indonesia One Bandung Talk REFERENCE TO LEUWEUNG Tuesday SANCANG NATURE RESERVE, WEST JAVA

IDENTIFING DRIVERS OF Session United 70 Jeremy Conrad USFWS Sanibel FL Poster ELEVATION CHANGE IN One States FLORIDA’S MANGROVES

University of Session Texas United ARE MANGROVE 88 Leticia Contreras Brownsville TX Poster One Rio Grande States PANARCHIES? Valley

EXPLORING RELATIONSHIPS Session University of United BETWEEN PLANT AND SOIL 82 Hayley Craig Manchester Poster One Manchester Kingdom MICROBIAL DIVERSITY IN MANGROVES

MANGROVES AT THEIR LIMITS: DETECTION AND Session Dahdouh- University Libre Bruxelles / AREA ESTIMATION OF THE 96 Farid ULB Belgium Poster Two Guebas Brussels Brussels CAP TIMIRIS MANGROVES, IN MAURITANIA, USING REMOTE SENSING

WHOSE MANGROVE IS IT AND WHAT IS IT FOR? MAPPING Session Dahdouh- University Libre Bruxelles / 95 Farid ULB Belgium Poster MANGROVE MANAGEMENT Two Guebas Brussels Brussels DISCOURSES USING Q METHODOLOGY

A NEW PROCESS-BASED Session USDA Forest United MANGROVE CARBON 54 Zhaohua Dai Cordesville SC Poster One Service States ASSESSMENT TOOL: MCAT- DNDC

A REGIONAL FRAMEWORK Session USDA Forest United FOR MANGROVE RESEARCH 7 Zhaohua Dai Cordesville SC Poster One Service States AND TRAINING FORESTS IN EAST AFRICA

IMPACTS OF INCREASED Session Monmouth West Long United SALINITY ON MANGROVE 55 Pedram Daneshgar NJ Poster Two University Branch States CARBON CYCLING PROCESSSES

MANGROVE LONG-TERM ABOVEGROUND NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY Session Louisiana State United 30 Tess Danielson Baton Rouge LA Poster IN THE FLORIDA COASTAL One University States EVERGLADES: RESPONSE TO HURRICANE DISTURBANCE AND RESILIENCE MAGNITUDE

ASSESSMENT OF RECOVERY Session US Geological United 105 Amanda Demopoulos Gainesville FL Poster OF MANGROVE HABITATS Two Survey States USING STABLE ISOTOPES

25 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

EVALUATION OF CARBON UNIVERSITY BIOSEQUESTRATION IN THE Session OF CALABAR, 25 Esther Edu Calabar WV Nigeria Poster MANGROVE SWAMPS OF THE Two NIGERIA, WEST GREAT KWA RIVER, CALABAR, AFRICA NIGERIA

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BIOTURBATION AND Tokyo Institute Session ENVIRONMENTAL 10 Ryohei Egawa of Technology, Meguro-ku Tokyo Japan Poster One CHARACTERISTICS OF Tokyo, Japan MANGROVE FORESTS IN FUKIDO ESTUARY, JAPAN

MANGROVE EXTRACTS Louisiana State Session United INFLUENCE FEEDING ACTIVITY 87 Amy Anne Erickson University Shreveport LA Poster One States BY MANGROVE TREE CRABS Shreveport IN FLORIDA AND BELIZE

EFFECTS OF Poster & POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL Session City University of Hong Lightning ETHERS (BDE-99 AND BDE- 91 Shazia Farzana Kowloon Tong Hong Kong One Hong Kong Kong Talk 209) ON GERMINATION AND Tuesday GROWTH OF A MANGROVE PLANT, KANDELIA OBOVATA

ESTIMATING MANGROVE CANOPY HEIGHT AND NASA Goddard ABOVE-GROUND BIOMASS IN Session United 94 Emanuelle Feliciano Space Flight Greenbelt MD Poster EVERGLADES NATIONAL PARK Two States Center WITH TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNING, AIRBORNE LIDAR AND TANDEM-X DATA

RESTORATION OF NATIVE MANGROVES TOOK A LONG Graduate school TIME TO REVERSE THE RAPID Session at shenzhen， 13 Jianxiang Feng Shenzhen China Poster DIET SHIFT OF BENTHIC One Tsinghua MACROFAUNA CAUSED BY University THE INVASION OF EXOTIC SPARTINA ALTERNIFLORA

CURRENT STATE OF Instituto EXPLOITATION OF Session Nacional de BIVALVES WITH ECONOMIC 27 Stela Fernando Maputo Mozambique Poster Two Investigação IMPORTANCE ON INTERTIDAL Pesqueira ZONE IN NORTHEN MOZAMBIQUE

MANGROVE FOREST National DYNAMICS IN TANINTHARYI, Session 93 Leon Yan-Feng Gaw University of Singapore Singapore Singapore Poster MYANMAR 1989-2014, Two Singapore AND THE IMPLICATIONS OF FUTURE ECONOMIC REFORMS

POPULATION STRUCTURE OF THE RED MANGROVE RHIZOPHORA MANGLE Session Jacksonville United 35 Nisse Goldberg Jacksonville FL Poster IN GUANA TOLOMATO One University States MATANZAS NATIONAL ESTUARINE RESEARCH RESERVE

Session Gonçalves Universidade de Distrito NITROGEN DYNAMICS IN 63 Carla Roberta Brasília Brazil Poster One Reis Brasília Federal MANGROVES

ASSESSMENT OF INSECT Royal Belgian Session BIODIVERSITY IN MANGROVE 83 Patrick Grootaert Institute of Brussels Belgium Poster One HABITATS IN SOUTHEAST ASIA Natural Sciences USING MEGADIVERSE FLIES

26 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

IMPACTS OF SEA LEVEL RISE ON THE GROWTH OF A Session Xiamen 71 Xudong Guo Xiamen Fujian China Poster DOMINANT AND A NON- One University NATIVE MANGROVE SPECIES IN CHINA

GENETIC DISCONTINUITIES IN A DOMINANT MANGROVE Session Sun Yat-sen Guang- 109 Zixiao Guo Guangzhou China Poster RHIZOPHORA APICULATA Two University dong (RHIZOPHORACEAE) IN THE INDO-MALESIAN REGION

TERRESTRIAL AND MARINE CONSORTIA OF WOOD Session The University of United DEGRADERS IN MANGROVE 89 Ian Hendy Portsmouth Hampshire Poster One Portsmouth Kingdom FORESTS ARE DIVIDED BY A SHARP TIDALLY-DEFINED BOUNDARY

CHANGING COASTAL The University LANDSCAPES: WHERE ARE Session 56 Sharyn Hickey of Western Crawley WA Australia Poster MANGROVES GOING AND Two Australia WHAT DOES IT MEAN FOR CARBON DYNAMICS?

PROJECTING THE POTENTIAL FUTURE DISTRIBUTIONS OF Session University of United THREE MANGROVE SPECIES 36 Richard Hodel Gainesville FL Poster One Florida States IN FLORIDA AND BEYOND USING ECOLOGICAL NICHE MODELING

ZONATION PATTERN AND SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT OF Session University of United A GEUKENSIA GRANOSISSIMA 4 Derrick Hudson Tampa FL Poster One South Florida States POPULATION IN A MIXED MANGROVE FOREST OF TAMPA BAY

CLIMATIC CONTROLS OF Session U.S. Geological United BIOMASS AND SOIL CARBON 45 Laura Hundy Lafayette LA Poster One Survey States IN MANGROVES AND OTHER TIDAL SALINE WETLANDS

Institut de INFLUENCE OF INCREASED Recherche CO2 CONCENTRATIONS AND Session New 46 Adrien Jacotot pour le Noumea Poster SEA-LEVEL RISE ON LEAF GAS One Caledonia Développement EXCHANGE PARAMETERS - (IRD) GREENHOUSE EXPERIMENTS

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL TRENDS IN EPIBENTHIC Session Smithsonian United COMMUNITIES INHABITING 2 Dean Janiak Ft. Pierce FL Poster One Marine Station States ARTIFICIAL AND NATURAL SUBSTRATES WITHIN THE INDIAN RIVER LAGOON

MARINE COMMUNITY STRUCTURE EMERGES Session University of United 3 Cora Ann Johnston College Park MD Poster ACROSS SCALES IN A One Maryland States PATCHY MANGROVE-MARSH LANDSCAPE

EFFECT OF NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT ON GROWTH OF University Session THE MANGROVE AVICENNIA 38 Daniel Solomon Kahsay of Bremen, Bremen Bremen Germany Poster One MARINA SEEDLINGS IN Germany THE MASSAWA COASTLINE, ERITREA

27 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

DECOMPOSITION OF RHIZOPHORA APICULATA Session Abu Hena University Putra, (BLUME) AND XYLOCARPUS 64 Kamal Bintulu Sarawak Malaysia Poster One Mustafa Malaysia GRANATUM (KOENIG) LITTER COMPONENTS IN A TROPICAL MANGROVE

COMPARATIVE Khulna REPRODUCTIVE Session 11 Md. Kamruzzaman University, Kyoto Japan Poster PHENOLOGICAL STUDIES One Bangladesh OF THREE SUBTROPICAL MANGROVE SPECIES

Poster & Session Mangrove Action Cayman Lightning MANGROVES AND NATURE 23 Martin Keeley Cayman Brac Two Project Islands Talk DEFICIT DISORDER Thursday

GENETIC AND Poster & MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION Session Smithsonian United Lightning 108 John Paul Kennedy Ft. Pierce FL OF EAST FLORIDA BLACK Two Marine Station States Talk MANGROVE (AVICENNIA Thursday GERMINANS)

Poster & TROPHIC INTERACTIONS IN Institute for Session Lightning BENTHIC FOOD WEBS OF 16 Judith Klein Research for Montpellier Herault France One Talk MANGROVES SUBJECT TO Development Tuesday MULTIPLE HUMAN ACTIVITIES

SPIRITUAL VALUE OF COASTAL NATURAL FEATURES AND Session Vrije Universiteit 18 Nico Koedam Brussels Belgium Poster MANGROVES – WHAT MUST Two Brussel WE PROTECT AND FOR WHOM ?

ASSESSING THE USE OF SPACE-BORNE SYNTHETIC Session Nipissing APERTURE RADAR FOR 92 John Kovacs North Bay ON Canada Poster Two University MONITORING MANGROVE FOREST IMPACTS FOLLOWING MAJOR OIL SPILL EVENTS

FLORISTIC SURVEY OF THE University of Session MANGROVES OF KITAY, 84 Natividad Lacdan the Philippines Manila Philippines Poster One TAGKAWAYAN QUEZON Manila PROVINCE, PHILIPPINES

MANGROVE DEVELOPMENT Universities Session United PATTERNS: CANOPY GAINS 114 David Lagomasino Space Research Greenbelt MD Poster Two States AND LAND EXPANSION IN Association DELTAS

EFFECTS OF LAND COVER Poster & The Chinese CHANGE ON SOIL ORGANIC Session Hong Lightning 57 Derrick Y.F. Lai University of Hong Kong CARBON FRACTIONS IN A Two Kong Talk Hong Kong SUBTROPICAL MANGROVE Thursday WETLAND

INVESTIGATING TOP-DOWN AND BOTTOM-UP INFLUENCES Poster & ON BLACK MANGROVE Session University of United Lightning (AVICENNIA GERMINANS) 47 Amy Langston Gainesville FL One Florida States Talk ENCROACHMENT IN Tuesday FORESTED FRESHWATER ISLANDS ALONG THE BIG BEND COAST OF FLORIDA

28 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

STRUCTURAL PARAMETERS, CHANGE DETECTION Universidade AND CONDITION OF Session 115 Celia Macamo Eduardo Maputo Mozambique Poster MANGROVE FORESTS IN TWO Two Mondlane CONTRASTING UTILIZATION PATTERNS IN THE NORTHERN MOZAMBIQUE

SHIFTS IN NUTRIENT ALLOCATION DURING BLACK MANGROVE Session Dauphin Island Dauphin United 65 Aaron Macy AL Poster (AVICENNIA GERMINANS) One Sea Lab Island States ENCROACHMENT INTO SALT MARSH (SPARTINA ALTERNIFLORA)

RELATIVE AND SYNERGISTIC IMPACTS OF CLIMATE AND IRD - Institut DIRECT ANTHROPOGENIC Session de Recherche New PRESSURES ON THE 78 Cyril Marchand Noumea Poster One pour le Caledonia PERFORMANCE OF Développement AVICENNIA MARINA SUBSP AUSTRALASICA: AN IN-SITU LATITUDINAL APPROACH

Environmental ECONOMIC VALUATION Session Conservation OF MANGROVES IN GLAN, 28 Carilyn Martin Alabel Philippines Poster Two and Protection SARANGANI PROVINCE, Center PHILIPPINES

SALTWATER ENCROACHMENT AND PREDICTION OF Florida ECOSYSTEM RESPONSE TO Session United 72 John Meeder International Miami FL Poster THE ANTHROPOCENE MARINE One States University TRANSGRESSION, SOUTHEAST SALINE EVERGLADES, FLORIDA

Poster & LITTORARIA (GASTROPODA: Session Eastern South Lightning LITTORINIDAE) AS 85 Nelson Miranda NMMU Port Elizabeth One Cape Africa Talk BIOINDICATORS OF Tuesday MANGROVE HEALTH

INTERACTIVE EFFECTS OF Session Northeastern United ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING 39 Althea Moore Nahant MA Poster One University States AND SEEDLING ORIGIN ON MANGROVE ESTABLISHMENT

IN SEARCH OF SOIL INDICATORS TO EVALUATE Session West Bengal West 66 Chandan Mukherjee Kolkata India Poster THE IMPACT OF SEA LEVEL One State University Bengal RISE -A STUDY FROM SUNDARBAN, INDIA

RANGE-EDGE FECUNDITY OF A RANGE-EXPANDING Session University of United 40 Mayda Nathan College Park MD Poster SPECIES, THE BLACK One Maryland States MANGROVE (AVICENNIA GERMINANS)

CONTRASTING EFFECTS OF HISTORICAL SEA LEVEL RISE AND CONTEMPORARY OCEAN Session Vrije Universiteit 31 Magdalene Ngeve Brussels Belgium Poster CURRENTS ON REGIONAL One Brussel GENE FLOW OF RHIZOPHORA RACEMOSA IN EASTERN ATLANTIC MANGROVES

MODELING THE LINKED DISTRIBUTION OF Session Smithsonian Env. United MANGROVES AND 1 Richard Osman Edgewater MD Poster One Res. Center States ASSOCIATED EPIFAUNAL POPULATIONS IN A COASTAL LAGOON

29 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

THE USE OF MANGROVE Universidad WOOD PRODUCTS AROUND Session 21 Martha Palacios Autonoma de Cali Colombia Poster THE COLOMBIAN PACIFIC Two Occidente AMONGST SUBSISTENCE AND COMMERCIAL USERS

PHOTOSYNTHETIC PERFORMANCE OF Session Universidad del Valle del 79 Enrique Peña Cali Colombia Poster MANGROVE SPECIES IN One Valle Cauca RESPONSE TO VARYING SALINITY

REDUCED PREDATION RISK DRIVES THE DISTRIBUTION Session Sun Yat-Sen PATTERNS OF TWO 12 Yisheng Peng Guangzhou China Poster One University PULMONATE GASTROPODS IN A MANGROVE-SALTMARSH TRANSITIONAL HABITAT

MANGROVE CRABS (ARATUS SP.) HERBIVORY Universidad Baja ON RED MANGROVE TREES Session Autónoma de 9 Alejandro Pleites La Paz California Mexico Poster (RHIZOPHORA MANGLE L.), IN One Baja California Sur MAGDALENA BAY AND CORE Sur ZONE OF BALANDRA, BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR, MÉXICO

MARSH-MANGROVE Dept. of Poster & INTERACTIONS: SHORT Session Biological United Lightning TERM EXPERIMENTAL 48 Ed Proffitt Ft. Pierce FL One Sciences, Fla States Talk RESULTS AND LONGER TERM Atlantic Univ Tuesday CONSEQUENCES FOR PLOT DOMINANCE

STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS ON THE MANGROVE CHARCOAL Session University of PRODUCTION SYSTEM AT 19 Melissa Roxana Quispe Zúñiga Bonn Germany Poster Two Bonn MATANG MANGROVE FOREST RESERVE, PENINSULAR MALAYSIA

THE COASTAL HABITAT INTEGRATED MAPPING AND Florida Fish and MONITORING PROGRAM Session 98 Kara Radabaugh Wildlife Research St, Petersburg FL USA Poster (CHIMMP): STATUS AND Two Institute EXTENT OF FLORIDA’S MANGROVES AND SALT MARSHES

ECOSYSTEM CARBON STOCK AND STAND STRUCTURE Session ACROSS THE INTERTIDAL 58 Md Mizanur Rahman Kyoto University Kyoto Japan Poster Two ZONE IN SUNDARBANS RESERVED FOREST, BANGLADESH

HABITAT RESTORATION INITIATIVES TO BUFFER Session Tampa Bay United 49 Gary Raulerson St. Petersburg FL Poster POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF One Estuary Program States CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE TAMPA BAY ESTUARY

IMPORTANCE OF AUTOCHTHONOUS Poster & Nelson Mandela SOURCES FOR GASTROPOD Session South Lightning 14 Jacqueline Raw Metropolitan Port Elizabeth CONSUMERS IN SUBTROPICAL One Africa Talk University ESTUARINE MANGROVES: A Tuesday CASE STUDY FROM SOUTH AFRICA

30 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

MANGROVES AT THE ARAÇÁ Session University of São Poster & BAY, SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL: 44 Armando Reis Neto São Paulo Brazil One Paulo - USP Oral A HISTORICAL ECOLOGY APPROACH

ESTIMATING SPECIES- SPECIFIC ABOVE-GROUND Session Louisiana State United 116 Victor Rivera-Monroy Baton Rouge LA Poster MANGROVE BIOMASS IN A Two University States CARIBBEAN OCEANIC ISLAND (SAN ANDRES, COLOMBIA)

CARBON BURIAL FROM Session Southern Cross SALTPANS TO MANGROVES 67 Christian Sanders Coffs Harbour NSW Australia Poster One University IN TROPICAL REGIONS OF BRAZIL AND AUSTRALIA

THE IMPACT OF MANGROVE CUTTING AND REGENERATION Session ON SURFACE ELEVATION 76 Sigit Sasmito CIFOR Bogor Indonesia Poster One DYNAMICS IN BINTUNI MANGROVE, WEST PAPUA, INDONESIA

University of EVALUATION OF AN ORGANIC Session United 68 Tracey Schafer Florida, Whitney St. Augustine FL Poster CARBON TRAJECTORY ON A One States Laboratory MANGROVE SPOIL ISLAND

IMPACTS OF BLACK University of MANGROVE EXPANSION ON Session South Alabama/ Dauphin United 119 Whitney Scheffel AL Poster FAUNAL COMMUNITIES IN Two Dauphin Island Island States THE NORTHERN GULF OF Sea Lab MEXICO

Smithsonian VARIATIONS IN MANGROVE Session United 59 Lisa Schile Environmental Edgewater MD Poster SOIL CARBON STORAGE Two States Research Center ACROSS CLIMATE GRADIENTS

ASSESSING THE VERTICAL GRADIENT OF DISCAPSEUDES Anton de Kom SURINAMENSIS AND Session 15 Ashvin Sewsahai University of Paramaribo Suriname Poster HALMYRABSEUDES SPAANSI One Suriname AT THE POMONA MUD BANK (SURINAME) IN RELATION TO THEIR BIOMETRICS

EVALUATING THE EFFECTS OF THE RANGE EXPANSION OF Session University of United AVICENNIA GERMINANS ON 121 Michelle Shaffer Orlando FL Poster Two Central Florida States EASTERN SHORELINE BIRD COMMUNITIES ALONG THE EAST COAST OF FLORIDA

SIMULATING THE EFFECT OF MANGROVES IN REDUCING Session University of United 24 Y. Peter Sheng Gainesville FL Poster COASTAL INUNDATION DUE Two Florida States TO STORMS AND SEA LEVEL RISE

MANGROVE BIODIVERSITY AND A NOVEL SPECIATION Session Sun Yat-sen MECHANISM -THE MIXING- 110 Suhua Shi Guangzhou China Poster Two University ISOLATION-MIXING (MIM) CYCLES ON THE INDO- MALAYAN COASTS

FISH ABUNDANCE AND SIZE ALONG THE FLORIDA REEF Session University of United TRACT: THE INFLUENCE OF 6 Geoffrey Shideler Miami FL Poster One Miami - RSMAS States ADJACENT MANGROVE AND SEAGRASS HABITAT ON A REGIONAL SCALE

31 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

CARBON STOCKS IN A SHIFTING ECOSYSTEM; Session Smithsonian United 60 Lorae Simpson Fort Pierce FL Poster CLIMATE INDUCED Two Marine Station States MIGRATION OF MANGROVES INTO SALT MARSH

GETTING TO THE ROOT OF THE PROBLEM: BLACK Session Texas A&M - United 86 Lee Smee Corpus Christi TX Poster MANGROVE EXPANSION One Corpus Christi States INTO SOUTHEAST TEXAS SALTMARSHES

EFFECTS OF THE Leibniz Center INTERACTIONS OF CERIOPS Session 17 Elise Snavely for Tropical Bremen Germany Poster TAGAL AND BURROWING One Marine Ecology CRABS ON MANGROVE SEDIMENT CHARACTERISTICS

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MANGROVE FORESTS Session University of United 120 Matthew St. Clair Key Biscayne FL Poster AND STRUCTURAL Two Miami, RSMAS States CHARACTERISTICS USING THE PCQM AND PLOT METHODS

MANGROVE GROWTH Harbor Branch Session United FORM AND SALT MARSH 50 Hilary Standish Oceanographic Fort Pierce FL Poster One States INTERACTION ALONG Institute ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENTS

SPATIAL PATTERNS OF MANGROVE FOREST Session The University of New 41 Suyadi Suyadi Auckland Poster EXPANSION IN THE One Auckland Zealand AUCKLAND REGION, NEW ZEALAND

MANGROVE RESTORATION Parangipettai, IN THE SOUTH PICHAVARAM Session Thirugnana Annamalai 101 Ramanathan Cuddalore India Poster MANGROVE FORESTS, SOUTH Two Sambandam University District EAST COAST OF TAMIL NADU, INDIA

Rosenstiel School of Marine STRUCTURAL COMPARISONS Session & Atmospheric United OF NATURAL VERSUS SEA 112 Michael Timm Miami FL Poster Two Science, States WALL SHORELINE MANGROVE University of FORESTS Miami

SEA LEVEL RECONSTRUCTIONS FROM THICK MANGROVE PEAT DEPOSITS IN FLORIDA, Poster & BELIZE AND PANAMA – AGE Smithsonian Session United Lightning AND PALEO ELEVATIONS 73 Marguerite Toscano Environmental Silver Spring MD One States Talk OF BASAL PEATS VS. Research Center Tuesday CONTINUOUS SAMPLING, AND RELATIONSHIP TO GEOPHYSICAL SEA LEVEL MODELS

A CASE STUDY OF Session The University of ECOLOGICAL MANGROVE 100 Camilo Trench Kingston 7 Jamaica Poster Two the West Indies RESTORATION IN PORTLAND COTTAGE, JAMAICA

Session The University of MANGROVE RESTORATION ON 99 Camilo Trench Kingston 7 Jamaica Poster Two the West Indies THE PALISADOES IN JAMAICA

ECOLOGICAL ROLE OF Session Valencia- Universidad del Valle del 8 Natasha Cali Colombia Poster MANGROVE CRABS IN THE One Martínez Valle Cauca PACIFIC COAST OF COLOMBIA

32 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

LONG TERM VEGETATION Institute for CHANGES IN ROOKERY Session van der United 32 Craig Regional Delray Beach FL Poster BAY NATIONAL ESTUARINE One Heiden States Conservation RESEARCH RESERVE 1940- 2012

Poster & BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Session Université Libre Bruxelles / Lightning IN SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL 20 Katherine Vande Velde Brussels Belgium Two de Bruxelles Brussel Talk SYSTEMS: THE LAST(ING) Thursday MANGROVES OF SINGAPORE

MANGROVE-BASED LIVING Session University of United SHORELINES ALONG 106 Linda Walters Orlando FL Poster Two Central Florida States SHORELINES DOMINATED BY SHELL MIDDENS

CALIBRATED DENSITY PROFILES OF THICK MANGROVE PEAT SEQUENCES FROM COMPUTED Session National Park United 74 Kevin R. T. Whelan Miami FL Poster TOMOGRAPHY: APPLICATIONS One Service, SFCN States FOR ASSESSMENT OF MANGROVE PALEOECOLOGY, PEAT COMPACTION AND SEA LEVEL RECONSTRUCTIONS

A TALE OF TWO BLACK Conservancy Session United MANGROVE (AVICENNIA 104 Kathy Worley of Southwest Naples FL Poster Two States GERMINANS) DIE-OFFS & Florida EFFORTS AT RESTORATION

SPATIAL ASSESSMENT OF THE BIOCLIMATIC FACTORS Session Université Libre 42 Arimatéa Ximenes Bruxelles Belgium Poster DRIVING MANGROVE FOREST One de Bruxelles DISTRIBUTION ALONG THE BRAZILIAN COASTLINE

THE EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE AND SALINITY The Chinese Session ON ANAEROBIC CH4 AND 51 Jiaxing Xu University of Hong Kong China Poster One CO2 PRODUCTION POTENTIAL Hong Kong FROM SUBTROPICAL WETLAND SOILS

THE GENOME OF RHIZOPHORA APICULATA Session Sun Yat-Sen PROVIDES INSIGHT INTO 111 Shaohua Xu Guangzhou China Poster Two University ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION OF MANGROVE SPECIES TO THE INTERTIDAL ZONE

MANGROVE PROPGULE DISPERSAL AND ESTABLISHMENT AT THE University of Session United SALT MARSH-MANGROVE 107 Erik Yando Louisiana at Lafayette LA Poster Two States ECOTONE: LINKING Lafayette HYDROLOGY, DISPERSAL DISTANCE, AND PROPAGULE RETENTION

PREDICTION OF PLANT VULNERABILITY TO SALINITY INCREASE IN A COASTAL Session University of United 75 Lu Zhai Coral Gables FL Poster ECOSYSTEM BY STABLE One Miami States ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION OF PLANT STEM WATER: A MODEL STUDY

SAP FLOW CHARACTERISTICS Session Xiamen OF TWO MANGROVE SPECIES, 80 Hewei Zhao Xiamen China Poster One University SONNERATIA CASEOLARIS AND S. APETALA, IN CHINA

33

July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

ABSTRACTS (Listed alphabetically in order of presenting author)

35 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

36 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

ARE MANGROVES PANARCHIES? Guilherme Moraes de Oliveira Abuchahla1, and Yara Schaeffer-Novelli2 1Institute of Energy and Environment, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil 2Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil

Mangrove ecosystems have proven to be highly resilient and adaptive when facing severe environmental conditions such as high salinity, anoxic sediment, and siltation. On the other hand, these ecosystems have proven to be highly sensitive towards many of the common human practices, which include deforestation, changes in hydrodynamics, and direct as well as indirect effects of climate change.

As complex adaptive systems, mangroves adapt continuously through self-organization and creation of novelty. In order to better understand the thresholds of mangrove resilience, discontinuities in key patterns and processes can be an effective tool. The analysis of discontinuities indicates gaps between ecosystem panarchy regimes, in which each adaptive cycle is usually marked by four phases: exploitation (r), conservation (K), release (α), and reorganization (Ω).

The present study has identified discontinuities in mangrove basal area within a specific site at Bertioga, in the Brazilian southeastern coast. The site offers a wide range of data throughout three decades of monitoring, since the disruptive event of an oil spill, in the year of 1983. Discontinuities in mangrove basal area and species composition have been analyzed together with other acquired data, both quantitative and qualitative. The analysis demonstrated significant decrease in basal area, as well as the change in species composition (from highly dominant Rhizophora mangle L. to the exclusive Laguncularia racemosa Gaertn.f.), fitting the studied mangrove into the panarchical phases along with its evolution and responses since the referred oil spill.

In a rapidly changing world, where mangroves might not build up resilience at such pace, the understanding of mangrove ecosystems as cyclic adaptive systems is the key tool for adaptive environmental management. This might be of great importance for mangrove's endurance, as well as its importance to other systems and forms of life.

Contact Information: Guilherme M. O. Abuchahla, Instituto BiomaBrasil, R. Laboriosa, 74A/80, 05434-060 São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Phone: +55 11 97689 9416, Email: [email protected]

37 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

DYNAMICS OF MANGROVES ALONG THE SOUTH AFRICAN COASTLINE Janine Adams1 and Anusha Rajkaran2 1Department of Botany, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, South Africa 2Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of Western Cape, South Africa

Mangroves in South Africa exist at one of the most southerly limits in the world providing a unique opportunity to study their dynamic responses. Indeed, the distribution of mangroves in South Africa is influenced by a complex set of interacting factors. As a result of the exposed coastline all mangroves are restricted to the more sheltered environment provided by estuaries. Climate warming and an increase in CO2 will enable mangroves to expand their present distribution to higher latitudes but this will depend on propagule dispersal between estuaries and the availability of suitable habitats. Many of the small east coast estuaries are temporarily open systems and remain closed to the sea for different periods. Globally mangroves are expanding into salt marsh habitats but the patterns are not that clear in South African estuaries. At the Kobonqaba Estuary there was complete die-back of Avicennia marina due to inundation as a result of closure of the estuary mouth to the sea and an increase in water level. Drought, low freshwater inflow as well as sediment deposition from a large sea storm resulted in the mouth closing to the sea for the first time ever recorded. Salt marsh replaced the mangrove habitat over four years. Population structure in other small east coast estuaries indicates historical single successful recruitment events and persistence linked to initial flooding and connectivity with the sea. However, an increase in the intensity of freshwater floods is predicted for the east coast which will scour banks and completely remove mangroves. It is important that these dynamic responses are understood as estuaries with mangrove habitats in South Africa are prioritized for conservation.

Contact Information: Janine Adams, Department of Botany, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Univerisity, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa, Phone: +27 41 5042429, Email: [email protected]

38 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

INTRODUCTION OF MANGROVE RESTORATION PRACTICES TO INCREASE THE MANGROVE FOREST COVER IN AL WAKRA REGION OF STATE OF QATAR Fahad Al Jamali University of Qatar, Al Tarfa, Doha, Qatar

Colonization of bare tidal flats by pioneering species of mangrove undergo several critical and complex physical processes, processes which are not well documented in the Arabian Gulf. The lack of such preliminary threshold processes for an early seedling establishment of Gray Mangrove Avecennia marina is mainly attributed to the hydrodynamic forces and sediment properties, resulting in a failure to acquire and colonize adjacent available tidal flats. Identifying the need of mangrove reforestation and potentiality of available bare tidal flats in the study area, Al Wakrah, Qatar; we developed the mangrove seedlings of A. marina in the nursery, allowing us to bypass an early natural critical seedling establishment process. The results of replanting the nursery raised seedlings have shown signs of significant success in the bare flats next to previously occupied natural mangrove forest. However due to natural inabilities, as well as anthropogenic deforestation of A. marina, an in depth study is required to develop appropriate conservation and management practices to protect economically and environmentally important mangrove forests.

Contact Information: Fahad Al Jamali, University of Qatar, Al Tarfa, Doha P.O Box 2712, Qatar, Phone: 974-5559-8891, Email: [email protected]

39 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

CARBON SINK CAPACITY OF RED SEA MANGROVES Hanan Almahasheer1, 2, Oscar Serrano Gras3, 4, Carlos M. Duarte1, Pere Masque3, 4,5 and Xabier Irigoien1 1King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Red Sea Research Center, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 2Biology Department, University of Dammam (UOD), Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 3School of Natural Sciences & Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, Faculty of Health, Engineering and Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia 4The UWA Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia 5Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Departament de Física -Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Spain

Mangroves, Avicennia marina, occupy about 135 Km2 in the Red Sea and represent one of the most important vegetated communities in this otherwise arid and oligotrophic region. We assessed carbon sequestration in 10 sites within four locations in the Saudi coast of the Central Red Sea. We combined estimates of carbon density down to about 1 m in depth along the profile of the sediment with date estimates derived from 210Pb and 14C isotopes to estimate (a) the burial rate of organic carbon over time and (b) the stock of organic carbon contained within the top meter of the sediment. These results inform the potential of blue carbon strategies, adopted as one of the mitigation strategies of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, in mitigating CO2 emissions through the restoration and conservation of mangroves, which remain healthy and stable ecosystems in the Red Sea.

Contact Information: Hanan Almahasheer, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Red Sea Research Center, Building 2, level2, 2207-WS14 Thuwal, Western Province, Thuwal 23955-6900; Saudi Arabia; Phone: 966551504339; Email: [email protected]

40 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

MANGROVE FOREST PRODUCTIVITY IN CENTER PART OF CORAL TRIANGLE ECO- REGION AT THE SOUTH SULAWESI, INDONESIA Kangkuso Analuddin1, Jamili1, Andi Septiana1, Idin Sahidin2, Usman Rianse3, Sahadev Sharma4&5, Kazuo Nadaoka5 1Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Halu Oleo University, Kendari, Indonesia 2Faculty of Pharmacy, Halu Oleo University, Kendari, Indonesia 3Faculty of Agriculture, Halu Oleo University, Kendari, Indonesia 4Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA 5Department of Mechanical and Environmental Informatics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan

Mangroves can capture high amount of organic carbon in soil and possess high productivity therefore their management and conservation is important to mitigate climate change. Mangroves also play an important role in material cycle for the coastal zone at the coral triangle eco-region, which is the huge biodiversity spot in the world. This study aimed to elucidate the mangroves productivity status at the Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia as center part of coral triangle area. Five dominant mangroves were analysed including biomass stock and their net productivity. Total 75 net traps were placed on mangroves stands of Rhizophora apiculata, R. mucronata, R. stylosa, Ceriops tagal and Lumnitzera racemosa. The litters were collected from June 2014 to May 2015. In addition, the tree censuse were done in the same years inside the permanent plots of these mangroves. Allometric models of these species were established for estimation of aboveground biomass. Average aboveground biomass stock on mangroves (ton ha-1) was estimated as 615.60 for Rhizophora apiculata, 452.25 for R. mucronata, 109.77 for Lumnitzera racemosa, 162.61 for Ceriops tagal and 326.61 for R. stylosa stands. The R. apiculata had the highest biomass due to mature stands because no standing dead biomass, which means self-thinning, stopped and it is old growth forest. Biomass increment of mangroves (ton ha-1 yr-1) was estimated respective 10.96 for Rhizophora apiculata, 12.70 for R. mucronata, 22.63 for Lumnitzera racemosa, 31.25 for Ceriops tagal and 36.83 for R. stylosa. Biomass increment is higher for R stylosa because of young forest and young forest can grow faster. On the other hand, standing death biomass (ton ha-1 yr-1) was estimated respective 0 for R. apiculata, 7.60 for R. mucronata, 1.14 for L. racemosa, 23.87 for C. tagal and 6.54 for R. stylosa. However, yearly litter production (ton ha-1 yr-1) was estimated respective 14.412 for R. apiculata, 13.161 for R. mucronata, 10.811 for L. racemosa, 13.678 for C. tagal and 12.62 for R. stylosa stands. Meanwhile, net primary production (ton ha-1 yr-1) were estimated respective 25.372 for R. apiculata, 18.261 for R. mucronata, 32.301 for L. racemosa, 21.508 for C. tagal and 42.914 for R. stylosa stands. High net primary productivity for R stylosa is because of higher biomass increment and litterfall production. Higher mangroves productivity is supporting the coastal ecosystem productivity at the coral triangle eco-region. However, still unprotected mangroves areas are converted into aquaculture ponds. These results can be used for the management and conservation to make policy. Therefore, these results can support to maintain high biodiversity and productivity in the coral triangle area.

Contact Information: Kangkuso Analuddin, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Halu Oleo University, Kendari, Indonesia, Phone: +6282196100071, Email: [email protected]

41 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

TEN YEARS AFTER: WILMA STORM DEPOSITS EFFECT ON VERTICAL SOIL ACCRETION IN A COASTAL MANGROVE FOREST (2005-2015), EVERGLADES NATIONAL PARK, FL, USA Gordon H. Anderson1, Karen M. Balentine2, Ginger Tilling-Range3, Joshua L. Breithaupt4, Joseph M. Smoak5, Kevin R.T. Whelan6, and Ken W. Krauss7 1U.S. Geological Survey-Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Gainesville, FL, USA 2U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service-Great Dismal Swamp NWR, Suffolk, VA, USA 2Cherokee Nation Technology Solutions contracted to the U.S. Geological Survey–Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, FL, USA 4University of South Florida-College of Marine Science, St. Petersburg, FL., USA 5University of South Florida-Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Geography, St. Petersburg, FL., USA 6National Park Service-South Florida Caribbean Network, Palmetto Bay, FL., USA 7U.S. Geological Survey-Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette, LA, USA

In October 2005, Hurricane Wilma storm surge flooded the southwest coast of Florida, depositing an estimated 27, 000 m3 of marine sediment into the Shark River estuary mangrove forest. Since 1999, project scientists have monitored sediment accretion and soil elevation change on the Shark River with Surface Elevation Tables (SET) and feldspar plots. Our ongoing study has provided us the opportunity to have a precise pre-storm baseline to compare Wilma storm deposit accretion and mangrove peat surface elevation changes for the last 10 years.

Immediately after Wilma, storm deposit core samples averaged 38 mm in depth and SET measurements of soil elevation increase was 43 mm. We observed that storm deposits are persistent since 2005 at the SET site. There is evidence of spatial storm deposition variability, including storm sediment loss from rainfall erosion and tidal flushing of sediment back to the estuary, as well as storm sediment stabilization from crab bioturbation and fine mangrove root growth into storm deposits from underlying peat sediment.

For ten years, periodic surface elevation and sediment measurements were taken, including in September 2015. Recent Surface elevation (SET) measurements showed an increase of 41 mm from pre- Wilma, a slight loss in total sediment elevation from the post-Wilma 2005 peak elevation increase of 43 mm; and sediment core samples averaged 61 mm in depth with the 27 mm of grey storm deposits buried below a 34 mm layer of brown organic sediment.

The take-away message is clear: Wilma storm deposits were persistent and did provide increased sediment to the mangrove peat and an increase in mangrove sediment elevation from pre-Wilma levels. However, increased surface sediment accretion, yet lower total sediment elevation, suggests sub-surface processes such as compaction, peat degradation and groundwater levels may affect the overall peat sediment profile elevation and are not clearly understood.

Furthermore, only three major western landfall hurricanes were strong enough to transport large volumes of sediment occurred during the last 100 years, the ability of storms to enhance sediment buildup on the southwest Everglades mangrove coast is probably insufficient to ameliorate the estimated average of 2 mm per year increase in sea level change.

Contact Information: Gordon H. Anderson, USGS-WARC, 7920 NW 71st St., Gainesville, FL., USA 32653, Phone: 352-264-3487, Email: [email protected]

42 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

LATITUDE AFFECTS DOMINANCE BY SECONDARY FOUNDATION SPECIES ON RED MANGROVE (RHIZOPHORA MANGLE) PROP ROOTS Jessene Aquino-Thomas1 and C. Edward Proffitt12,

Rhizophora mangle Crassostrea virginica gradients. Mangroves are ‘invading’ salt marsh settings in the north and providing additional habitat for species occurrence and dominance along the latitudinal gradient on Florida’s Atlantic coast.

Isognomon alatus (the flat tree oyster) C. virginica C. virginica

43 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

FRIENDS OR FOES? THE PROBLEM OF SOUTH FLORIDA’S INVASIVE MANGROVES Kelly J. Cox1 and Rafael J. Araújo2 niversit of Miami chool of a oral ables Florida A osenstiel chool of Marine Atmospheric cience niversit of Miami Miami Florida A.

Florida is home to three native “true” (sensu Tomlinson 1986) species of mangroves (Rhizophora, mangle Avicennia germinans and aguncularia racemosa), two “minor” species (Acrostichum aureum and A. danaeifolium and one ubiuitous mangrove associate onocarpus erectus and its northern aribbean variet . e. var. sericeus. hese mangroves are common along both the Atlantic and gulf coasts of Florida as far north as the once de eon nlet and edar e respectivel. uring the s renoned American botanist avid Fairchild traveled to ndonesia and brought bac ith him specimens of the urmese mangrove ruguiera gmnorrhia hich he proceeded to plant at his Miami home but later converted into a botanical garden the ampong. Approimatel ears later Fairchild ropical otanical arden horticulturists planted a second nonnative species the onga mangrove umnitera racemosa. For decades the to species of mangroves remained contained to their respective botanical gardens. However, they eventually “escaped” and have since naturalized and spread. In spite of local effort to eradicate both species seeds propagules and plants are still being found in the area liel a result of the capacit of both species to adapt and acclimate to the south Florida region. Mangroves in Florida are protected under the Mangrove rimming and reservation Act MA hich defines a “mangrove” as any specimen of the three true Florida native mangroves. The act, however, has not been altered to reference the eistence let alone the impact of invasive mangrove species in Florida. From a tetual statutor interpretation standpoint the lain Meaning ule and the canon of epression unius suggest that because the statute specificall defines hich mangrove species are under the urisdiction of the act all other species of mangroves are not included for the purposes of protection and preservation. hat is invasive mangrove species are in no a protected under the MA. n this sense protection of invasive mangrove species ould be contrar to the statutor intent and the substantive purpose of the act. oever ithin the contet of invasive species control and eradication the MA onl implies that that invasive mangroves are not protected. t in no a mandates or reuires their removal through eplicit language. ursuant to Florida Administrative ode hapter the Florida epartment of Agriculture and onsumer ervices administers the Florida oious eed ist. he last update to the oious eed ist as in and at that time included parasitic and terrestrial eeds. Among these noious eeds ere species hich are non coastal invasive plants that are regularl found imposing upon mangrove ecosstems suggests that it ould be appropriate for . gmnorrhia and . racemosa to also be included on this list. isting ould mae illegal the sale cultivation introduction collection or transport of the invasive mangrove species ithout a permit hich ould surel aid in preventing further intentional distribution. oever obtaining a noious eed listing is more difficult than it ma appear at first glance. his is because Florida boasts a ver strong and notorious auarium trade and at least one of the invasive species . gmnorrhia is touted as an eas auarium plant to establish. An essential part of an effective precautionar approach to management of invasive mangrove species reuires integration of such an approach into the legal frameor. As such e propose that umnitera racemosa and ruguiera gmnorrhia should be listed on the Florida oious eed ist. MA should be referenced as the authorit b hich state and local agencies can engage in eradication and management strategies for these species. Finall a Florida nvasive pecies ouncil should be established in order to promote horiontal and vertical integration beteen different levels and areas of government. his council should facilitate invasive species polic in the state b commissioning scientific studies adopting ris assessment techniues to prioritie eradication overseeing thoughtful and impactful use of funding and assisting ith planning strategies and management techniues.

ontact nformation afael Arauo osenstiel chool of Marine Atmospheric cience niversit of Miami Marine iolog and colog icenbacer ausea Miami F nited tates mail rarauorsmas.miami.edu

44 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

IIEN SIENE DAA REVEA E IMA O A ANIN EAS MARS MANROVE EOONE ON OASA IRD OMMNIIES Ashley A. Whitt1*, Wesley E. Highfield2, Steven C. Pennings3, Anna R. Armitage1 1epartment of arine iology, Teas A niversity at alveston, alveston, T, A epartment of arine ciences, Teas A niversity at alveston, alveston T, A epartment of iology and iochemistry, niversity of Houston, Houston, T, A

limate change is causing poleward shifts in species distributions. Along the Teas coast, this shift manifests as the woody encroachment of blac mangroves (Avicennia germinans) into salt marshes historically dominated by graminoid species. Alterations to ecosystem functions in response to this shift are poorly understood. itizen science, the publics involvement in data collection, can allow ecologists to feasibly investigate larger spatial and temporal patterns than otherwise possible. e used crowdsourced birdwatcher observations from ornell ab of rnithologys eird database to test the hypothesis that coastal bird communities differ between marsh and mangrove habitats in Teas. e overlaid observations of passerines, wading birds, and shorebirds onto vegetation distribution maps of lower and central Teas in geographic information system (I) software. sing spatial analysis tools, we calculated the amount of marsh or mangrove area within a 1 m radius of reported observation coordinates. To control for variation in birdwatcher data, we only used observations that were stationary or traveled within the 1m radius bounds. Furthermore, we limited total observation time to no more than three hours.

Areas where mangrove stands were present had significantly lower species richness but higher relative bird abundance. angrove areas had higher relative abundances of shorebirds, which tend to floc in large numbers. e hypothesize that these shorebirds are utilizing edge habitat around these mangrove stands. arshes had higher abundances and species richness of passerine species than mangroves. osmopolitan blacbird species (Family Icteridae, especially gracles) comprised most of the passerines seen in mangroves. arshes had higher abundances of probing wading birds, such as white ibis (Eudocium albus), but a similar number of staling hunters, such as herons and egrets, as mangroves. The overlap in bird community composition between habitat types suggests that some bird species may utilize both vegetation types, but potentially for different purposes (e.g., foraging vs. roosting). verall, our results suggest that shifts in vegetation structure within the marshmangrove ecotone will affect higher trophic levels.

ontact Information Ashley A. hitt, epartment of arine iology, Teas A niversity at alveston, eawolf arway, alveston, T 1 A, hone 6189, mail whittatamug.edu

45 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

OOM EES O MANROVE SAND EANSION ON SA MARS AN AND ANIMA ASSEMAES IMIAIONS OR MANROVE RESORAION IN EAS Anna R. Armitage1, Hongyu Guo2, Sayatani Dastidar2, Zoe Hughes2, Carolyn A. Weaver1, Ashley Whitt1, Sean P. Charles3, John S. Kominoski,3 and Steven C. Pennings2 1Teas A niversity at alveston, alveston, T, A niversity of Houston, Houston, T, A Florida International niversity, iami, F, A

anagement of coastal wetland loss commonly includes restoration proects that will augment wetland ecological functions and economic values. any restoration proects on the ulf oast of the nited tates focus on the reestablishment of grass and forb species that dominate low elevation marshes, which can substantially improve the production of some fisheries. However, as in many subtropical coastal environments, warming winter temperatures are contributing to a regime shift from marshes to woody mangrove swamps. Therefore, some coastal managers in this region have recently increased the use of blac mangroves (Avicennia germinans) in restoration proects. urrently, however, there is little uantitative information comparing the ecological functions of marsh and mangrove systems within the Teas marshmangrove ecotone to inform the use of mangroves in ulf oast restoration.

ur goal was to uantify the bottomup effects of this foundation species shift on coastal wetland plant and animal assemblages using a novel combination of surveys and a large eperiment. In 1, we thinned blac mangroves in ten m eperimental plots on Harbor Island (ort Aransas, T) to create a gradient (1) of mangrove cover cleared areas were colonized by marsh vegetation. In addition, we established several large survey plots at sites with either marsh or mangrove vegetation. ithin all plots, we periodically recorded vascular plant density and diversity, counted epifaunal density, used pit traps to sample neton, and recorded bird abundance. e also used the citizen science database eird to compare bird use between the marsh and mangrove survey sites.

In plots with more than mangrove cover, marsh plant assemblages comprised cover and were less diverse. ithin marsh or mangrove stands, benthic epifauna and neton densities were generally similar. These data suggested that tidal transients and resident fauna were not selective in terms of aboveground vegetation structure. However, mangroves were associated with lower soil organic content and caused more heterogeneous wrac accumulation patterns, suggesting that there may be differences in the trophic movement of carbon in marsh and mangrove habitats. itizen science data indicated that avian species richness was higher in marsh than in mangrove areas, and there were differences in composition. For eample, wintering shorebirds tended to be more diverse in marsh than in mangrove habitats. It is liely that birds selected habitat based on vegetation features, and a heterogeneous marshmangrove mosaic may facilitate a range of behaviors, including foraging and sheltering.

verall, our results revealed that salt marsh and mangrove areas support different plant and animal assemblages. Therefore, the introduction of mangroves into salt marshes is liely to change a number of ecosystem characteristics. The ecosystem benefits of mangrove restoration liely will be maimized in areas where mangroves are already established.

ontact Information Anna R. Armitage, epartment of arine iology, Teas A niversity at alveston, eawolf arway, alveston, T A, hone 98, Fa 91, mail armitagatamug.edu

46 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

NRIEN ENRIMEN SIS MANROVE SIE DISRIION IIN E MANROVEMARS EOONE Carolyn A. Weaver1 and Anna R. Armitage1,2 1Teas A niversity, ollege tation, T, A Teas A niversity at alveston, alveston, T, A

lobal changes are driving shifts in plant species distribution and dominance, particularly within ecotones. In many coastal mangrovemarsh ecotones, factors such as increased temperatures and elevated are facilitating mangrove epansion. In the orthern ulf of eico, reduced freuency, duration, and severity of freezing events have contributed to mangrove stand epansion, often encroaching into salt marsh habitat. hifts in dominant vegetation can also be influenced by local factors, such as anthropogenic nutrient enrichment. In this study, we investigated how nutrient addition would impact mangrove encroachment and salt marsh displacement over time, within in situ cooccurring stands. e fertilized mied Avicennia germinans (blac mangrove) and Spartina alterniflora (smooth cordgrass) stands in ort Aransas, T. After four growing seasons (11) of continuous fertilization, Avicennia metrics were consistently more positively influenced by nutrient enrichment than Spartina. nrichment promoted Avicennia growth for eample, fertilized mangrove maimum height was 6 taller than in control plots. Additionally, the densities of mangroves in larger size classes significantly increased in fertilized plots over the course of the eperiment. Fertilization promoted increased growth in Avicennia and shifted mangrove size distribution, potentially improving the competitive advantage over marsh grass. e propose that ecess nutrient input may act as a positive feedbac for temperature driven mangrove encroachment, thereby accelerating marsh displacement. oastal areas within the mangrovemarsh ecotone with higher nutrient runoff may be more susceptible to this vegetation shift, which could have large implications for coastal ecosystem functions.

ontact Information arolyn eaver, Teas A niversity at alveston, .. o 16, alveston, T, A 16, hone 91, mail caweavertamu.edu

47 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

MANROVE RESONSE O ENVIRONMENA ANE IN NORERN ASRAIA Emma Asbridge1, Richard Lucas1, Catherine Ticehurst2 and Neil Flood3 1 The niversity of ew outh ales (), ensington, , Australia IR and and ater, lac ountain, AT, Australia Remote ensing entre, risbane, , Australia

lobally, mangroves are responding to coastal environmental change but separating humaninduced from natural events and processes is often difficult due to the prevalence of human disturbance. For this reason, focus needs to be on protected sites (e.g., national pars) or land that is far away from settlement and infrastructure. This study therefore considered the response of mangroves in aadu ational ar () and the ulf of arpentaria, northern Australia, as these have remained largely undisturbed from anthropogenic activities, at least since uropean settlement. Hence, changes observed here can be attributed largely to a natural cause.

This study sought to establish and uantify mangrove change over the period of andsat Thematic apper (T), nhanced T (T) and perational and Imager (I) observations (1981) and eplain natural processes that may have occurred. y comparing classifications generated from a timeseries of andsatderived Foliage roective over (F) data, mangroves in the ulf of arpentaria were observed to have etended seawards along the coastline, with inland intrusion occurring along many of the tidal rivers and rivulets. andward epansion was concentrated within the ornington Inlet catchment and was attributed to sea level rise lined to the adden ulian scillation (). ersistent inundation on the landward margins during the wet season made conditions (e.g., salinity) more suitable for mangroves, allowing the forests to compete with saltmarshes and epand landwards.

At the mouth of the eichhardt River, the main periods of seaward etension were attributed to discharge of sediments in the near shore, through pea flood events, as determined from river gauge data, open water maps generated using andsat and the I pen ater ielihood () algorithm. olonization of sediments occurred approimately years after the flood event. ight etection and Ranging data (iAR) identified that seaward movement of mangroves occurred in phases, with distinct structural zones developing following each large rainfall and discharge event. ovement of species (primarily R. stylosa, C. tagal and A. marina) within the mangrove zone was evident, reflecting their physiological adaption to more or less favourable conditions. y contrast, seaward epansion along the ornington Inlet was gradual and was attributed to prolonged inundation due to the lowlying nature of the region. This inundation continually pulses sediments into the near shore, thereby allowing for regular seaward etension.

imilar trends of seaward and landward epansion were observed in . For four catchments within the Alligator Rivers Region of , annual maps of mangrove etent were generated between 198 and 1 using a rule based classification of andsatderived F data and a anopy Height odel (H) generated from huttle Radar Topographic ission (RT) data. The classifications were validated against maps generated from true colour aerial photography (1991), ompact Airborne pectrographic Imager () and iAR (1) data, producing an average overall accuracy 8 . The changes in etent observed using the m andsat data corresponded to those detected through timeseries comparison of the three airborne datasets. ver the timeseries, fluctuations in mangrove etent and also the F of communities dominated by different species was observed with these corresponding to changes in both sea level and river discharge (both of which relate to rainfall). The study concluded that mangroves in this region are responding to a combination of related factors (primarily sea level and river discharge).

This research has demonstrated the dynamic nature of mangroves and their use as ey indicators of change in response to climaterelated phenomena (primarily rises in sea level and increases in rainfall). Furthermore, the study has indicated that early recognitions of the impact of a changing climate on globally important ecosystems is fundamental for conserving and managing environments of international, national and local importance.

ontact Information mma Asbridge, entre for cosystem ciences, iological, arth and nvironmental ciences, the niversity of ew outh ales, High treet, ensington, , Australia, hone 18, mail e.asbridgeunsw.edu.au

48 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

ONRIION O REVAEN SOES ONSIIIVE INVOVED IN OSMOI ADSMNE IN MANROVES ROM AISAN Farzeen Khan1 and Irfan Aziz2 1ovt. ollege Institute of ustainable Halophyte tilization, niversity of arachi, arachi, aistan

angroves are nown to possess high levels of salinity tolerance, yet accumulation of salts may induce subcellular changes both in physiological and biochemical parameters. alt induced solute accumulation is a well nown feature for osmotic adustment in plants under salt stress. oncomitantly, synthesis of compatible osmolytes involves energy cost thereby reducing plant growth. This study highlights the contribution of different solutes to leaf osmolality in mangroves and possible metabolic shifts under saline conditions. eedlings of three mangroves viz., Avicennia marina, Ceriops tagal and Rhizophora mucronata were eposed to different sea salt concentrations seawater(. . a), seawater (. 1.), 1 seawater for C. tagal only (. . a) and 1 seawater for A. marina and R. mucronata (. a). lants were raised in a netted green house under ambient environmental conditions to determine growth, leaf osmolality and relative solute (organicinorganic) contribution. Fresh and dry biomass in all mangroves increased under optimal salinity (1. a) with tallest individuals as well as higher RR (relative growth rates) in A. marina. Higher RR could be attributed to low bul elasticity (Ɛ) in A. marina and lower RR to increased sclerophylly in C.tagal. A growth reduction was observed in supraoptimal salinities (. . a) with lowest RR and biomass in C. tagal. eaf osmolality (Ψπ) progressively increased with increases in salinity in C. tagal R. mucronata. n the contrary, a rapid increase with the introduction of salinity was found in A marina. Higher osmolalities could be accounted for an increase in the amount of sodium (a) which contributed the most among all tested solutes. H profiles indicate that contribution of lycinebetaine () in A. marina and total soluble sugars in C. tagal and R. mucronata followed by sugar alcohols had an important role in osmotic adustment. Increasing organicinorganic ratio under saline conditions and a partitioning indicates a possible metabolic shift in plants at the cost of growth.

ontact Information Irfan Azziz, Institute of ustainable Halophyte tilization, niversity of arachi, arachi, aistan, hone 91896, mail irfanazizuo.edu.p

49 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

MARSES O MANROVES A DO E REA NO AO E NIONA VAES O IDA EANDS OR ISER SEIES Ronald Baker ames oo niversity, Townsville, , Australia

angroves, salt marshes, and other vegetated tidal wetlands are broadly considered to confer euivalent values to mobile auatic fauna they are believed to provide rich foraging grounds and refuge from predation. Around the globe, tidal wetlands are considered particularly important in supporting many fishery species whose lifecycles bring them into coastal ecosystems for part of their lives. espite their apparent immense value providing food security and supporting fisheries, the ways that mangroves and other wetlands actually support fishery species remains unclear. Findings in recent years suggest that the paradigms of food and refuge are overly simplistic. In order to effectively manage and maintain the values of these ecosystems in the face of ongoing development and an everchanging climate, it is critical we understand the mechanisms and processes that underpin their values.

sing published literature and insights gained from 1 years of research into the functioning of coastal wetland nurseries, this tal will eamine what we really now about the functional values of tidal wetlands in general, and mangroves in particular, in supporting fishery species. It will eplore the evidence for direct occupation of vegetated wetlands, their role as foraging grounds through direct access, trophic relays, and outwelling, and their value in providing refuge from predation.

Rather than being densely occupied habitats, the evidence suggests a much more limited direct role of mangroves in providing feeding grounds and refuges for fishery species. Instead, mangroves appear to be an important component of an interconnected coastal seascape that must be understood and managed at a broader scale to ensure the ongoing support of fisheries.

ontact Information Ronald aer, ollege of arine and nvironmental ciences, ld. 1, ames oo niversity, Townsville, , Australia 811, hone 61 88, mail ronald.baercu.edu.au

50 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

A DEERMINES E SEAARD IMI O MANROVE AND SAMARS VEEAION Thorsten Balke1, Michael Kleyer2 and Tjeerd J. Bouma3 1niversity of lasgow, lasgow, niversity of ldenburg, ldenburg, ermany I Royal etherlands Institute for ea Research, ersee, The etherlands

Intertidal wetlands such as mangroves and salt marshes are increasingly valued for their ecosystem services, yet we lac sufficient understanding of their lateral dynamics to predict future development. nowledge gaps are also evident from poor success of restoration efforts at the transition zone towards the open tidal flat.

e present the results of lab and field eperiments to determine bottlenecs to vegetation establishment of mangrove and salt marsh vegetation. y means of I and metaanalysis, a global relationship between tidal range and the elevation of the seaward wetland border is established. hort and long term variability in flooding regime at this critical elevation are determined from global tide gauge data.

ur study highlights that flooding freuency and not duration is the main bottlenec to seaward epansion of mangroves and salt marshes whereas differences between meso to macrotidal coasts and microtidal wetlands eist. Tidal range is locally changing due to global sealevel rise and sometimes more importantly coastal engineering. e propose that understanding the effects of locally changing tidal range is crucial if we want to predict future mangrove development in times of climate change.

ontact Information Thorsten ale, chool of eographical and arth ciences, niversity of lasgow, lasgow 1 8, nited ingdom, mail bale.thorstengmail.com

51 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

MODEIN MANROVE RANE IMI SIS IN E NOR AII OAS IN RESONSE O IMAE ANE Kyle C. Cavanaugh, and Remi Bardou niversity alifornia, os Angeles, A, A

This study eamines the dynamics of mangroves on the acific coast of orth America near their poleward range limit in aa alifornia, eico. A number of studies have documented epansion of mangroves near their range limits in other parts of the world, and our obective was to determine whether such epansion is currently occurring in aa alifornia. e also eamined how mangrove range limits may have shifted under past climatic fluctuations. e used remote sensing in order to map the current etent of mangroves and salt marshes, from the south end of aa alifornia to outhern alifornia. e then used species distribution modeling to reconstruct past mangroves habitats and predict their future distribution. ur results suggest that historic mangroves distributions along the acific coast have been highly dynamic. However, by comparing current mangroves distribution data with modeling results, we conclude that mangrove distribution in this region are not only driven by climate factors, but seem to also be limited by dispersal constraints. y using high resolution oceanic currents modeling, we have been able to simulate mangroves propagules dispersal potential, and our preliminary results show that mangroves habitat seems to be dictated more by dispersal barrier than by climatic factors.

ontact Information Remi ardou, niversity of alifornia, os Angeles, 1 unche Hall, os Angeles, A 99, mail remi.bardouucla.edu

52 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

ARMIN AND MANROVE ENROAMEN INENE MARS MIROIA OMMNI OMOSIION Chelsea Barreto1, Dennis Wykoff1, Glenn Coldren1, Ember Morrissey, and Samantha Chapman1 1illanova niversity, illanova, A, A orthern Arizona niversity, Flagstaff, A, A

angroves are encroaching into saltmarsh ecosystems globally due to climate change. It is unnown how mangrove epansion will affect the belowground processes important for coastal wetland viability such as root growth and microbial organic matter decomposition. etland soil microbial communities, which partially regulate organic matter decomposition may respond to this dominant plant range shift and to climate warming directly. e eamined how wetland soil microbial communities are being affected by 1) mangrove encroachment and ) chronic air temperature warming. sing a twoyear passive warming eperiment and plots positioned across a mangrovemarsh ecotone, we assessed microbial community composition with 16based A seuencing and R. oth warming and mangrove invasion significantly impacted microbial community structure. For instance, abundance of the bacterial group Rhodospirillales, which are commonly found in marine or freshwater environments and are mainly anoic, decreased in warming plots. This decrease could indicate that warming increases the amount of oygen entering the soils via plant roots. imilarly, the abundance of Anaerolineales, another group of anaerobic bacteria, decreased in mangroveencroached plots, perhaps due to increased root biomass. Finally, the abundance of Acidobacteriales increased in mangroveencroached plots, perhaps due to increased root eudates or carbon inputs driven by mangrove encroachment. In support of these eplanations, we found that root biomass correlates with abundance of ey bacterial groups, indicating that root processes could be a driver of community composition. ur findings on soil bacterial shifts due to global change may provide early indications of how soil processes important for maintaining surface elevation will change with global change.

ontact Information helsea arreto, illanova niversity, 8 ancaster Ave, illanova, A 198, hone 988996, mail cbarretovillanova.edu

53 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

MANROVE OMMNI SRRE ANASIS IN ESERN SNDARANS IN INDIAA IDE OR DESININ MANROVE RESORAION Sandip Kumar Basak1*, Tapan Sutradhar2, Momtaj Begam2, Krishna Ray2 1epartment of otany, andi Ra ollege, andi, urshidabad, est engal, India nvironmental iotechnology roup, epartment of otany, est engal tate niversity, arasat, est engal, India

angroves are responsible for sediment accretion and augment the geomorphological process of land building. These morphological developments are continuous, causing habitat modification and hence mangrove distributional pattern is a dynamic phenomenon across the coastal mudflats. The earlier theory of fied zonation of mangroves reflecting successional pattern is no longer valid. For eample, as per our observation, Excoecaria agallocha, once considered to be a bac mangrove, is now found to be a freuent frontliner in the mudflats of western part of Indian undarbans. The ecological restoration program of mangroves should be based on the study of this dynamic successional pattern. Therefore careful study of the neighboring mangrove community structure before designing an ecological mangrove restoration program is indispensable. To carry out successfully, our mangrove restoration program in western part of Indian undarbans, plantations of mangrove saplings follow the eisting community pattern we observed along the neighboring mangrove forests. e studied in detail the community structure of mangrove forests in several neighboring islands in western undarban. ur study not only included the pristine vegetation, we also analyzed mangroves and its associate communities from the adoining degraded mangrove pocets. A distinct difference in the trend of mangrove succession and distribution is evident among degraded and nondegraded mangrove stands. The community structure, species diversity, composition of homogeneous and heterogenous community with dominant species, classification of distinct community types and association of species are etensively studied from our 1 m 1 m uadrat data spanning a number of islands of western undarbans. Twoay Indicator pecies Analysis (TIA) was used as the classification method and the species diversity and dominance indices were calculated in AT software. ercentage similarity in species composition between each pair of stands was calculated using Sørensen’s similarity index (S). The distributional pattern observed proved to be uniue in many aspects and deviated from the conventional succession trend of mangroves, establishing the dynamic nature of mangrove habitat due to erosion accretion controlling the mudflat stability in Indian undarbans.

ontact Information andip umar asa, Associate rofessor, andi Ra ollege, epartment of otany, andi, urshidabad, est engal 1, India H 9196 F 9196 mail sandipbasa99gmail.com

54 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

ASSESSMEN O MANROVE VEEAION ASED ON RONDR AND REMOE SENSIN AIAIONS A RNEI A EAS MAASIA Behara Satyanarayana1,2,3, Aidy M. Muslim1, Mohd-Lokman Husain1, Nurul Amira Izzaty Binti Horsali1, Nurul Ashikin Binti Mat Zauki1 and Farid Dahdouh-Guebas2,3 angroe esearch nit () S uala erengganu alaysia aboratory of Systems cology and esource anagement russels elgium aboratory of Plant Biology and Nature Management, VUB, Brussels, Belgium

ut of ha mangroe coer in alaysia ast alaysia (i.e. Sabah and Sarawa) supports as high as . ha while est (eninsular) alaysia host only . ha. he mangroe egetation at runei ay is ointly shared and administered by both ast alaysia as well as runei arussalam. here are four maor estuaries namely imbang Sundar eston and enumbo that support the entire stretch of baymangroe complexes. he present study based on groundtruth (oint entred uarter ethod ) and remote sensing (danced and bseration Satellite – S) data reealed for the first time in peerreiewed scientific literature seeral interesting obserations on mangroe species compositiondistribution in the area under the urisdiction of ast alaysia probably one of the pristine mangroe sites in the country. mong the four estuaries imbang and enumbo showed higher tree density and basal area (density stems . ha and basal area .. m . ha) which indicates a more mature nature of egetation than to Sundar and eston (density stems . ha and basal area .. m . ha) (neway P . for density and P . for basal area). lso the omplexity ndex was high in the order of enumbo imbang eston Sundar and eident for lessundisturbed nature of mangroes at the both former locations. rom the superised classification of S data (rcap v.) it was possible to map the distribution of fie dominant species notably Nypa fruticans Rhizophora apiculata Sonneratia caseolaris S. alba and Xylocarpus granatum (accuracy ). he area statistics show that the extent of alaysian mangroe coer at runei ay is . ha where imbang occupied . ha Sundar (up to Sipitang illage) . ha and eston enumbo together . ha. oth groundtruth and remote sensing based obserations stand complementary to each other and represented the distribution of Sonneratia spp. as pioneer group of egetation at shallow rier mouths (depth .. m) N. fruticans in the areas with a perennial input of freshwater (salinity .21.3‰), R. apiculata in the places of strong neritic incursion (.27.9‰), and X. granatum in presumably interioreleated grounds. he present results would be able to assist not only for local monitoring and management but also as baseline study for future mangroe inestigations at runei ay.

ontact nformation ehara Satyanarayana nstitute of ceanography and nironment niersiti alaysia erengganu uala erengganu alaysia hone mail satyamgmail.com

55 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

RERIMEN O AVICENNIA GERMINANS IN A MOSAI SAMARS A IED SD O ASAE AN INERAIONS Susan S. Bell n da, aa, ,

nan an an a n a a n nnn d da dn an a a an an ann, a an nan n aa aa a a . aa an a n dnad nn da, nan, and an an a. a d and n d a n a aa an an aa an dn dndn n nnna n .., ad and nda n) and a ndn .., nndan and an). , n nn aa aa a nn an n a aana an . n na d d a ndd n a a aa aa a andad d a an na n aa an a n an a d dna nn a an dn. a a n a nann dn aa aa a and a a na an an n an n. na dd a 3 aa an 1) a Monanthochloe littoralis n n 2) a Sporobolus virginicus n n, and 3) nann a M. littoralis and S. virginicus) and 1 an aa. a A. germinans ad n and nd 3 . dn an a nan dd n S. virginicus n a M. littoralis n. an a d a n n M. littoralis n a an nann S. virginicus. aa n n aa nd a andad an nn an a nn aa an an n n da an aa.

na nan an . , an na , n da, 22 . , aa, , 3322, n 139722, a .d

56 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

ANIIN E ISERIES EOSSEM SERVICES OF SINGAPORE’S MANROVES Rayna Benzeev1, Neil Hutchinson2, and Dan Friess3 1 dn a, ana n na, na 2a n, na a, na, na 3an a, ana n na, na, na

ad dn a nd na an aa n aad a, na an an a n nn n . an, a, a ad anan and dn, a an n an a n aa n. n d, an a an na an an na dn n anan an aa nn na . an a and n a a dn nda d aa, a an an . n a, n n nd a nn dd an, a n an . ann a a an , a n an aa n na and an an nan and anda.

na nan ana n, ana n na, a 1, n, na 1177 23 a ana.na.

57 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

FACIIAION AN ANGROE RESORAION CONCEP EIENCE AN PRACICES Uta Berger1, Aor Pranchai, Juliane Vogt, and Uwe Grüters 1n and n, dn, an 2an , a , aa n, aand

n a an nad an and dadan dd, an n nd dn n, , and a an and aan nnn. a aan a n nd a dn n a an an, a n a an dn n an a. , nan an nn an a d n an an a. , adna a nad a dn a an a nd a ndn and a n a n dn and an nan n nan an and. nad, ann a dn n a n a n dan an ndn n nd n and n nnn .

ad n a a d n a, dd an nan an dadd an aa. anad a a a da n a andan n ad a ad nn n 197. nn nndan and a an d and an an a.

and dn ad a nd an and d d an an adn. aa dn an and aa a dd n n an ana, n d, and nddaad an a n d n ndn a , a d da, dn an, n and nan.

n a aa an a a an n an nan and nda a nan an aa nan. , aan n , nnd n and aa da dad dn ndan a aan a aan n aan and n dn nan , n an n a n dd n a an .

ad n ndn, n a nad aan n ana an , d an dn n an a and n ndandn n an an n nnna dn a.

na nan: Uta Berger, Institute of Forest Growth and Computer Sciences, Technische Universitӓt Dresden, nn a , 1737 aand, an, n 93133113, a a.ddn.d

58 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

AS ON RIOPORA ANGE REAIONSIP I ENIRONENA ARIAES AN EFFECS ON EGEAION Sara Betancur, Juan D. Mira and Ligia E. Urrego ndad ana d a, d dn, aan d na a, 9 dn, a.

a and a a a an aan, a an n an and n a a. , an , nad a, n and aa Rhizophora mangle. a nnn a d n dn n d, nnna ndn n ndn n, a n an and n a and nnna a , a nnn. n d dn nnna ndn a na nn and n an, 27 a 2 ad n n and a a. n , and n a a and naa nan dna a a and n) ad. n addn, n a , dn a a , dnan a, a , an and dd d dd, a a a a and ad n n a. nd a n a nnad n an an a da an aa nn 9 19 9) d an . aa ana d an nan a nn da . nn aad n n 2. ). da a d dn n a and nd . nan dn nd n nnna ndn n . an a a da, nd, aad an, aa dnan a, an a na and nnan , n and , nnan. nad, an a n a, a a nn, aad dnan an ndn, a nnan a and , and a an. na nn ana d a n an n nnna aa and a n. d, aa a an an, an a and ad ada an a. and a dn and d n na n a, dd n nd nan dn n a and a.

na nan aa an, ndad ana d a, dn, a, a anna.d.

59 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

ACRONRIEN PROCESSING AN REENION IN ANGROE ENIRONENS OF ESERN AFRICA A CASE S FRO IERIA SENEGA AN GAON Rupesh K Bhomia1 and J. Boone Kauffman2 1 and a n ., n da, an, , 2 and d ., n a n, a, ,

ann n n nnn a an an n anann an aa. n and a an an ) n an n a nn and . an a ndd a n a an adaan and an a d an na, an a an a dd .

ad a an ndn a and nd a, dad and dnd d d and a an n an n a, na and an n and ). nd a adn anna ana, an and an ndn, and dn an n and . and a1 a . an n a and na .9 1 a1 and . 11 a1, . an n and an 7.9 39. a1 and 9. 32. a1, .

an n na dn dn n an a a ana, an and adna adn. an aa a nd n dn and , a n n an n 2 n nd.

na nan and a, and a n ., n da, an, 3211 32721, a a.d

60 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

PROCII OF IA ORNE ACCAE SEIENS IN A ROPICA ANGROE OF SARAA AASIA M M Hoque1, M K Abu Hena1, M H Idris1, H A Osumanu2, M M Billah1, M N Nesarul1, M K A Bhuiyan3 1an na n and , a and d n, n a aaa n aaa a, aaa, aaa 2an n, a and d n n a aaa a n, aaa, aaa 3a an and nnna n, n ad, a a, ad, an

an a n nndad da an dn n an dn a ad and d dn a dd a an. d a ad d and n da n dn n a n an aa aaa, aaa. dn a d a da n dn n a. da dn nd n an an aa 17. 1.2 dn), an a 1.39 1.), an an 13.17 2.9), nn an 1.2 3.29, n 11.1 2.2 , 9. .79 , 1.7 .3, a 3. .19 , a 3.31 3.7 , an 1. 2.9 and d 1.211. ). nan an .1) an a and an an nn, , and a a ndan na nn an a. d, nan an .) dn nn nn nnan a, , , a, , a, Rhizophora apiculata and Xylocapus granatum , an and dn a a ndan n da n dn n , a and d n an . d an nan n ad d a n an aaa, aaa. nnd and n a ndn a nnn aa d a d dnan aa aa a n.

na nan d. d a an, n a a nd n an and aa anan, a an and nnna n, n ad, a a, 1119, an, n 3 313, a ad.ana.a.

61 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

ESIAION OF CARON SOCS IN COOIAN ANGROES AN ASSOCIAE NCERAINIES Jhoanata M. Bolivar, and Carlos A. Sierra a an n

ad an n and a ) an n aanand a a a n n nan n an dn and aa. ad a nana an n an an a 1.9 2.72 an ), 2.2 . n aan and 9.1 2.7 n a a. nan a n an an, d a an n na, a and 1 a nana , and 32 n aan a, and n 2 and 3 n a a. nan a nnd nan aad an an aa aan a, a a a nnd nan aad dn. dn a nan aaa daa a. aan a nd a n daa an nan nnna ndn n a a a, d a a an aa n an aan a and aa n and n, a n d daa n an. an n d daa and an a d d a nda an an. aad d daa, nd dn a d . d n na aa d d n an an ad n a daa. n a a, d ndn nand an nd ) and an a d a 9) .

na nan anaa a, a an n , ann ̈ . 1, 77 na, an, n 9 31 712, a ana..d

62 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

ANGROE ICROIOE NAICS IN CRA IORAE SEIEN Jenny Marie Booth, Marco Fusi, Ramona Marasco and Daniele Daffonchio a and nnna n and nnn n, n da n n and n, a, nd ad aa

an, ana and a n nan a an n nnna an, a ann n, a an, a and an adan. an n a nnn, dn a nn and nan a n d. a an a d d a an, a aa n d n a nn an dn and ndn d n, n a aad nd a an.

n d na an dn aa a d 1, 2 and , dnd a a, a and d dn, ) n a naa Avicennia marina and n aaan a an a ad aa 1.7 2 217.39), dn ann an dd and ad a. n and dd dn aa n n a na n a ada n d, n a ana 1 n na a aa n d and n 2, 2, and d n aa dn nnn.

an nnn a n and d . dn n n dn da adan an ad a dn aa n and a aa n and nn an an dn. nd dd a n nn a a an n n. a, nd a ad a an n d dn, ndd ana, aa nn aa a. a nn a d dn n nan n dn a aad a an, a ad n n . n a na, dd n a dn n aan n d a, a and d dn) and dan a an a a adn a . na dan. an a nn aa nd a.

n d n an n a an and dn aa d, dn a n dn aa nnd dn nnn. nn aana n dn a nan an n a a an, an dn and a nnn.

na nan nn , , .. 7, a, nd ad aa 2399, n 9)27, a nn.a.d.a

63 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

ASSESSING E APPICAII OF IFFEREN IESCAES FOR ANIFING COASA EAN NERAII O SEA EE RISE Joshua L. Breithaupt1, Joseph M. Smoak1, Christian J. Sanders2, and Matthew N. Waters3 1n da, . , , 2n n, , aa 3ada a n, ada, ,

n , an na aa and a a a an a dn addn and an an a a . an a a a an and a n nn n a. a, dn aan a a n dd an d a nd a dan d dnn a a da n d ann dad nna a n. n a dad d a an a – a n ) d a d a aa a, ad an a an ana d. a aa and a aa n a a and addn and d. , a aa n a an ndan a aa a dd a a.

a n an a d daa d 1 a d a a a 1 a n aa and. anda a nan n an a n a n adn n an a d d dn aan n na and a a . nan n n a d nd dnn and n anna and dada aa n nd n d a d. n adn a , n a a n an an an and an an – a a dndn n a .

n d an a n nan an a and an an daa a an and a a nd n a na a n. ndn n a nn. , an a a n ad a a an a a ad a an. n d n n daa a n a nd, ndan n a a na n an a a a a. nd, an an daa n an an an nd a dn an , and n an n d. anan a a aan n ndda nd .. n an and n n) aan n dn a a .. n a nan and an a dan) an a and d n a nd. nd a aan daa n a d d n an dnad a nd n an an dd an a) a and an ana dada aa. n an and an an, n nn d a a an an a na.

na nan a a, n da, an n, 1 7 , . , 3371, a a..d

64 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

E REAIIAION OF IPACE EANS IN E INIAN RIER AGOON FORIA Jorge R. Rey1, Ronald E. Brockmeyer2, and Melinda J. Donnelly3

area’s low tidal amplitude and the structural complexity of the mangals

a priori

65 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

RAPI FEASIII ASSESSENS FOR EERINING APPROPRIAE ANGROE RECOER INERENIONS A E ANSCAPE SCAE IN INONESIA Ben Brown1, Yusran Nurdin1, Ratna Fadillah2, Jajang Sonjaya2, Woro Yuniati2, and Rio Ahmad2 harles arwin niersity – esearch nstitute for nironment and ielihoods ustralia lue orests ndonesia

n a set of feasiility assessments were commissioned y seeral international aid agencies and NGO’s interested in supporting landscapescale mangroe rehailitation easiility assessments were reuired to understand the social and ecological riss and opportunities to wor in critical and degraded landscapes at such a scale esearch was carried out y a multidisciplinary team oer the course of four months in seen landscapes occurring on the islands of umatra aa alimantan and ulawesi he findings were categoried ased on a status and condition of the mangroe forest social and cultural condition of local communities c utiliation of the mangroes and adacent resources for lielihoods and economic alues and d goernance and the role of ey staeholders indings were analyed indiidually and in group settings amongst the research team and with staeholders from goernment NGO’s and aid agencies) through the deelopment of prolem and oectie trees as well as an options analysis of actions recommended in the oectie tree he options analysis uncoered four social ecological conditions in the seen landscapes high degree of degradation low feasiility of rehailitationtransformation strong social support ie ema entral aa high degree of degradation moderate to high feasiility of rehailitationtransformation mixed degree of social support ie ahaam elta ast alimantan and anung anang orontalo high degree of degradation moderate to high feasiility of rehailitationtransformation low degree of social support awa opa ulawesi and amuu est ulawesi moderate degree of degradation high feasiility of rehailitation and mixed degree of social support ndragiri ilir iau and uu aya est alimantan

mplications for deeloping and supporting management interentions for each of the aoe categoriations are discussed ite prioritiation was carried out ut was not always found to e useful y the arious international staeholders who hae different motiations for supporting interentions hese included proof of concept of softengineering techniues estalishment of a sustainale mangroeauaculture agroecosystem resolution of socialconflict and preference for woring in a pulicpriate partnership which in some cases contradicted the degree of social economic or ecological feasiility determined for a gien landscape ational goernment agencies found prioritiation useful for considering landscape scale interentions with the caeat that the capture of discrete proect opportunities could not replace normatie annual mangroe management interentions in each coastasl proince and district oth ndonesian goernment agencies as well as international aid agencies and NGO’s felt that the rapid feasibility assessments and categorization of management challenges were useful tools to help proect planners understand their options and egin the process of proect interention planning

ontact nformation enamin rown harles arwin niersity esearch nstitute for nironment and ielihoods harles arwin niersity arwin ustralia mail seagrassrootsgmailcom

66 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

FORIA ANGROE FORES AN CAENGES EEN AN CARACERISICS Mark Brown1, Karen Cummins2 and Jarek Nowak2 orest erice noille N lorida orest erice allahassee

espite mangroe forests ital importance to marine and estuarine enironments in the landsea interface their mapping and characterization in lorida and elsehere has been challenging

he orest erice in cooperation ith the lorida orest erice eamined some of the challenges of capturing the geographic etent and characteristics of mangroe forests ithin the state of lorida etermining the geographic etent of mangroe forest land and correlating that to forest inentory characteristics can lay the groundor in forecasting the future of mangroe ecosystems angroes are predicted to epand both northard and landard as a result of global climate change and associated sea leel rise angroes are epected to inade areas preiously occupied by salt marshes in parts of lorida and elsehere in the southeastern nited tates Gien the dynamic nature of mangroe epansioncontraction in response to climate change and urban deelopment mapping this rare ecosystem is a challenge

angroes occur from southern most parts of lorida eys to northern lorida both on the Gulf of eico and the tlantic coasts hoeer not in continuous fashion ecent estimates of mangroe forest area in lorida range from to acres angroe forest land mapping is traditionally done ia remote sensing and land coerland use classification methods mall patches of mangroe forest such as those etending into northern lorida are often difficult to capture ith these methods due to image resolution and interpretation limitations hereas arious remote sensing techniues are used to estimate mangroe forest geographic etent forest inentory methods are employed in the nited tates and other parts of the orld to measure mangroe tree heights and diameters and therefore olumes biomass and carbon seuestered in mangroe ood hallenges to getting reliable and comparable estimates range from differing definitions of forest land accuracy and precision of techniues used inentory design to accessibility of plot locations for ontheground measurements

Ground based sample plot data from a cooperatie tateide forest inentory ere used to further describe and characterize mangroe forests and the population of mangroe trees he inentory found mangroe forests in three of the State’s four survey units. The South unit contained 82 percent of the mangroe forests the entral unit percent and the Northeast unit percent he maor oners of Florida’s mangrove forests were State, Private, and the National Par erice ith percent percent and percent respectiely resered status prohibiting human disturbance coered percent of the mangroe forests ost mangroe forests percent ere less than years old eather as the leading disturbance affecting percent of mangroe forest land hile human caused disturbance affected percent he population of mangroe trees reealed percent ranged from to inches in diameter angroe seedlingssaplings less than inch in diameter aeraged per acre ost mangroe trees percent ere beteen and feet in height he basal area stocing of mangroe trees shoed percent aeraged less than suare feet per acre iomass of mangroe aeraged tons dry eight per acre. More detailed findings regarding Florida’s mangrove resource are delineated throughout the paper

ontact nformation ar ron orest erice outhern esearch tation Old ingston ie noille N hone ) mail mbronfsfedus

67 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

APPICAION OF ANGROEAC FOR ROASCAE ASSESSEN OF ANGROE CONIION AN NAICS IN E ORRES SRAI – E NORERN OS ASRAIAN ISANS Damien W.Burrows, Norman Duke and Jock Mackenzie TropT, ames oo niversity, Townsville, , ustralia

The Torres Strait islands lay etween northern ustralia and southern New uinea. These islands are of particular interest ecause of their position etween ustralia and S sia, their predominantly indigenous population and management, and their low elevation which maes them especially vulnerale to sealevel rise and increased storm surge. The Torres Strait islanders have a uniue seafaring culture and they identify strongly with their marine and coastal resources.

espite eing part of ustralia, the coastal haitats of these islands are poorly nown and this, comined with the threat of rising sea levels and seawater intrusion, resulted in local communities and regional natural resource managers epressing a desire for further information on the state of these ecosystems in order to improve management. e used the Mangroveatch methodology www.mangrovewatch.org to survey the diversity, etent and condition of mangrove and shoreline haitats on these islands. This involved oat and helicopterased video recording of shoreline haitats using PSlined still and video cameras, where the footage is analysed using various metrics ac in the la. This wor was supplemented y groundtruthing and analysis of historical imagery. ocal indigenous land and rangers were trained in the use of Mangroveatch field protocols, and participated in all aspects of fieldwor. This involvement is critical given their prime role as traditional owners and current managers of the resource.

total of mangrove species were recorded, with 2 of these eing new records for ustralia. total of 2, ha of mangrove forests are mapped throughout the islands. e assessed mangrove condition along m of shoreline across islands. Mean etent of mangrove cover along shorelines was , demonstrating how important mangroves are as coastal haitats on these islands. ppro of shorelines were assessed as eing in a healthy state and 8 in poor condition – this eing indicative of the dynamic coastal environment in Torres Strait where even natural stands undergo significant change.

Shoreline processes affecting mangroves varied consideraly etween individual islands, reflecting that management options will also vary. verall the dominant shoreline process is erosion 2 greater than epansion. Several islands are undergoing significant epansion and loss at different locations. Mangrove cutting is common on the inhaited islands. Sea level rise appears to e directly threatening of Torres Strait mangrove haitat. vidence of historical mangrove dieac along shorelines appears to coincide with changes in sea level. istorical change was assessed across islands. ne island has had a net increase in mangrove area of since with half of that eing regrowth in historically cleared areas.

The Mangroveatch methodology allows for a roadscale, yet rapid, assessment of mangrove condition, especially in remote locations. n particular, it is suitale for meaningful involvement of indigenous participants in the gathering of field data.

ontact nformation amien urrows, TropTentre for Tropical ater and uatic cosystem esearch, ames oo niversity, Townsville, 8 ustralia, Phone 822, mail damien.urrowscu.edu.au

68 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

Jordan Byrum and C. Edward Proffitt

Rhizophora mangle, Avicennia germinans, Laguncularia racemosa

69 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

Clint Cameron1, Lindsay B. Hutley1, Keith A. McGuiness1, Daniel A. Fries2, Benjamin Brown1,3, Yusran N. Massa3, Surwardi3

To date, discourse associated with ‘blue carbon’s’ potential application within real world carbon markets

70 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

Stefano Cannicci1,,2, Marco Fusi2,3 and Francesca Porri4,5 The niersit o on on, on on, on on niersit o lorence, esto iorentino, tal in bdullah niersit o cience and Technolo, Thuwal, audi rabia hodes niersit, rahamstown, outh rica outh rican nstitute or uatic iodiersit, rahamstown, outh rica

ntertidal animals, includin manroe crabs, are central or the understandin o the bioloical conseuences o lobal warmin The lie at the interace o marine and terrestrial sstems rel on dierent sources o oen ie aerial or dissoled and must cope with a dail and abrupt etreme heat stress anroe crabs are also an eceptionall important topic or studies on eolutionar biolo eeral species inhabitin manroe orests are in transition between a marine and a terrestrial lie, an eolutionar pathwa oten associated with and induced b abrupt temperature chanes, such as the ones we are witnessin

ue to the critical role plaed b crabs in manroe ecosstem unctionin, there is an urent need to determine their sensitiit to lobal warmin in order to understand the ulnerabilit o the entire ecosstem ere we present a series o studies in which we could relate the terrestrial adaptations to the thermal ulnerabilit o three piotal manroe crab species distributed alon the estern ndian cean, comparin their euatorial ena and subtropical populations outh rica

The thermal responses diered larel amon species and reions Neosarmatium africanum, the species dominatin the landward belt o manroes, showed a limited capabilit o etractin oen rom air and a low phsioloical perormance to chanes in temperature alon its distribution, suestin hih sensitiit to rapid enironmental warmin The iddler crab Uca urvillei, which dominates the seaward areas, proed to be a hihl eicient airbreather, as well as an eicient thermal eneralist, with hiher tolerance than the smpatric sesarmid Perisesarma guttatum oticeabl, U. urvillei reealed little dierence in thermal tolerance between euatorial and subtropical populations, while P. guttatum showed adaptation to local conditions n particular, the euatorial population showed to be hihl ulnerable to lobal warmin, liin closer to the upper limit o its thermal niche than the subtropical one The enan population o P. guttatum, howeer, presented behaioral mechanisms o partial thermoreulation, possibl enlarin its thermal niche

ur results show that the seatoland transition o manroe crabs has important implications or their adaptations to climate chanes The airbreathin species seem capable o etendin their thermal tolerance, actin thereore as possible winners in the current proections o a warmer climate oreoer, we recentl showed that temperature miht be the eolutionar drier o sealand transition in crabs, urther suestin a climatedependent eolution o animals and, ultimatel, the role o climatic chanes in eolutionar processes and speciation

ontact normation The wire nstitute o arine cience and the chool o ioloical ciences, The niersit o on on, okulam oad, on on, on on hone , mail canniccihkuhk

71 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

Susan Carstenn1, Kelly Ratana2, Stacia GOECKE1 Natalie Dunn1,3 and Toby Matthews4 awaii aciic niersit, onolulu, , , ellinton, ew ealand alama aunalua, onolulu, , , onolulu,

O‘ahu’s streammouth estuaries s sere as nurser rounds and habitat or natie awaiian, as well as, introduced biota Their location at the conluence o streams and coastlines means the also serve as an important corridor for native amphidromous species. Oahu’s SMEs may be permanently open or intermittentl open to the ocean, and some are artiiciall breached durin times o closure as a precaution aainst upstream loodin ew studies hae inestiated undamental characteristics o these communities, the inluence o upstream land use, the eect o nonnatie Rhizophora mangle on water ualit or stream manaement practices e concrete linin and artiicial breachin on communit structure and water ualit

andscape eelopment ntensit inde was used to characterie watershed land use upstream rom s is a weihted aerae o onrenewable real mpower ntensit relectin the manitude o human disturbance as a unction o nonrenewable ener use coeicients rane rom sehar solar emoules per hectare per ear or an undisturbed ecosstems to seharcentral business district s o watersheds drainin into s on ahu raned rom sehar ahana to sehar eaahala

Rhizophora mangle was introduced to Hawaii in 1907 and subsequently inhabits many of Hawaii’s SME. R. mangle canop coer in perennial s raned rom – in intermittentl open s manroe coer raned rom – R. mangle coer was neatiel correlated with ie R. mangle canop coer was lower with reater human disturbance This ma be eplained b reater stream manaement e concrete liners in more urbanied watersheds reducin area or manroes to establish

Thouh seeral phsicochemical ariables droe dierences in water ualit across all s, no clear dierences were detected in phsicochemical metrics amon classes ish and macroinertebrate in aunal communities, howeer, diered amon the three classes s were occupied b marineassociated ish species and closed or s tended to be dominated b non natie Poeciliidae spp. and Cichlidae spp The latter species were most common in s that eperience lon periods o closure, indicatin that time since closure ma be a dominant actor inluencin s and helpin to inorm uture artiicial breachin manaement ntermittent s, dominated b benthic macroinertebrate species with hih tolerances, had poor water ualit reardless o manroe coer, while manroe orests o perennial s had considerabl reduced habitat ualit, deined b lower dissoled oen saturation, hiher temperature, oranic matter enrichment, and the presence o indicator species

ontact normation usan arstenn, awaii aciic niersit, amehameha ihwa, aneohe, , , hone , mail scarstennhpuedu

72 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

Edward Castañeda-Moya, Robert R. Twilley, and Victor H. Rivera-Monroy ollee of the oast and Environment epartment of Oceanoraphy and oastal Sciences ouisiana State niversity aton oue ouisiana S

Manrove forests are lare reservoirs of blue carbon alon tropical and subtropical coastlines and play a critical functional role in the lobal cycle. n the lorida oastal Everlades E manrove veetation patterns result from the interaction of environmental radients and natural disturbances i.e. hurricanes creatin a spatial array of distinct riverine and scrub manrove ecotypes across the coastal landscape. Here we evaluated lonterm 00100 veetation patterns aboveand belowround soil storae and soil burial rates in manrove sites alon two distinct E hydroloic basins Shar iver – S and aylor iver – . e tested the hypothesis that spatial patterns of carbon storae and sequestration in veetation and soil components are reulated by the interaction of environmental radients with sinificant lower storae in scrub manroves alon the basin compared to riverine manroves in the S basin. Mean veetation storae was .9 times hiher in S 7.9  7. M ha1 than in 1.7  . M ha1 with reater allocation to belowround in scrub manroves 7 relative to riverine manroves 0. Mean total veetation plus soil ecosystem storae raned from 1.  7. M ha1 to .  1.9 M ha1 S. he veetation pool accounted for 1 and 9 S of the total storae whereas soil pools represented the larer fraction of storae in each basin S 71. onterm 17s soil annual accretion rates were twice hiher in S 0.9  0.0 cm yr1 relative to basin 0.1  0.0 cm yr1 thus controllin a wide rane of soil burial rates ranin from 1.1  0.0 M ha yr1 S to 0.  0. M ha yr1 . Our results show that riverine manroves in the E store and sequester more relative to scrub manrove forests which are limited and influenced by lon flooded hydroperiods. urther reardless of forest ecotype a lare proportion of manrove carbon production is stored in the soil. Our findins underscore the relative contribution of structurally distinct neotropical forested wetlands to manrove carbon budets. his findin is relevant iven the need to quantitatively differentiate the actual reional and latitudinal contribution of each manrove ecotype when assessin the economic value of storae and sequestration i.e. ecosystem services for the establishment of lobal carbon marets to offset risin reenhouse as emissions.

ontact nformation Edward astaedaMoya ollee of the oast and Environment ld. oom 1 ouisiana State niversity aton oue ouisiana S 700 hone 71 Email ecasta1lsu.edu

73 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

Gustavo A. Castellanos-Galindo1,2, Jaime Cantera1, Natasha Valencia 1, Sebastian Giraldo 1, Enrique Peña1, Lotta C. Kluger2 and Matthias Wolff2

  Ucides occidentalis

74 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

Kayla Marie I. Castro, Severino G. Salmo III, Maria Carmela A. Garcia and Anne Brigitte U. Lim

Sonneratia Avicennia Rhizophora – –

75 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

Kyle C. Cavanaugh

change is expected to lead to a ‘tropicalization’ of temperate coastal and marine ecosystems. In coastal

76 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA Dinorah H. Chacin, Timothy Pusack, Matthew Farnum, Owen Stokes-Cawley, and Chris Stallings ollege of arine cience niersity of oth lorida t. etersrg

In eastern orth merica the historical northern limit of mangroes is located near and is restricted by mangrove’s sensitivity to cold temperatures, while saltmarshes dominate most of the coastal haitats in temperate climates. e to gloal climate change increased temperatre in coastal haitats and flctations in the freency of cold eents are ecoming more common and can hae ecological conseences. or example the increase in gloal aerage srface temperatre has already cased shifts in the distrition of iological commnities. imilarly expansions of mangroe haitat range hae een docmented in lorida osiana and stralia. Avicennia is the most coldtolerant gens of mangroes and the germinans species’ range has extended northward along the USA Atlantic coast colonizing saltmarshes. s this colonization egins a shift can occr here one fondation species can e replaced y another ith potential effects in ecosystem fnction de to the nmeros roles fondation species play in the seascape.

In this stdy e examined demographic rates of enile oysters Crassostrea virginica groing in reefs ith oth marshgrass and mangroes as neighoring haitats. he goal as to elcidate the effects the expansion of mangroe haitat range may case on ecological processes in oyster reefs. In a field experimental setting e deployed enile oysters in three leels of caging experiments cage control and cage control in for maor locations in t. gstine lorida. In to of the stdy sites e measred groth and srial in reefs located among lac mangroes and oyster ars. imilarly in the remaining stdy sites e measred groth and srial in reefs located among marshgrass and on oyster ars. e monitored their demographic rates monthly for for months and osered no difference in groth or srial of enile oyster among the three different haitat types. yster groth ranged from . mmday to .mmday and shoed significant difference among indiidal sites t not among haitat types. he reslts indicated local enironmental factors in each stdy site might hae een more important than haitat type in inflencing ecological processes in oyster reefs.

ontact Information inorah hacin niersity of oth lorida st t t etersrg nited tates hone mail dchacinmail.sf.ed

77 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

Samantha K. Chapman, Heather Tran, Glenn Coldren, Cheryl Doughty, Chelsea Barreto, James Morris, J. Adam Langley, Ilka C. Feller illanova University, illanova, A, USA

angroves are encroaching into salt marshes around the world, representing one of the most dramatic plant range shifts occurring today hile we are starting to capture the scope of mangrove encroachment in wetlands, we lack “in the ground” information required to understand its conseuences for carbon storage and wetland sustainability in the face of sea level rise espite the importance of wetland plant root production and organic matter decomposition in regulating surface elevation, no one nows how woody mangrove invasion into herbaceous salt marshes will affect the soil accumulating processes that sustain these ecosystems angroves, which have larger and more porous roots, may increase oxygen delivery to anoxic soils, potentially increasing decomposition rates while at the same time building more soil volume n a mangrovesalt marsh ecotone in lorida, we found that mangrove abundance increased by in years and thus increased storage at a rate of g ha yr, double the seuestration rate of many temperate wetlands etland root biomass, which partially determines soil elevation, is three times higher in mangrovedominated as compared to marsh dominated plots and root ingrowth rates are four times higher in mangrovedominated plots espite these increases in organic matter inputs due to this range shift, mangrove roots decompose twice as uicly than marsh roots, losing about of their mass after only four months aen together these results suggest that mangrove encroachment into marshes speeds up belowground carbon cycling e predict that mangrove encroachment will result in increased surface elevation gain driven by the balance of increased root productivity and increased decomposition, and we are testing this hypothesis with the arsh uilibrium odel and with terrestrial laser scanning data As mangroves continue to encroach into higher latitudes, in the absence of deep freees, mangrovedriven increases in organic matter accumulation will liely tend to increase soil elevation owever, as temperatures and sea levels continue to rise, understanding the balance of root biomass accumulation and organic matter decomposition will be even more important in order to maintain wetland resilience to inundation

ontact nformation Samantha hapman, illanova University, ancaster Ave, illanova, A , United States, hone mail samanthachapmanvillanovaedu

78 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

Sean P. Charles1, John S. Kominoski,1 Anna R. Armitage2, Hongyu Guo3, Sayatani Dastida3, Zoe Hughes3, Carolyn A. Weaver2, Ashley Whitt2, and Steven C. Pennings3 lorida nternational niersit, iami, , eas niersit at aleston, aleston, , niersit of ouston, ouston, ,

angroes are eanding oleward due to increases in temerature, and in the ulf of eico, lack mangroes Avicennia germinans are eanding into once grass and fordominated salt marshes Coastal wetlands are globally important sinks of “blue carbon” (C), storing the majority of C elowground oil storage is imortant for maintaining eleation of wetland soils relatie to sea leel and influences coastal ulnerailit to sea leel rise and storms egetation te can alter inuts roiding autochthonous organic inuts and mediating the traing of allochthonous organic matter and sediment and reakdown rates changing the qualit of organic matter, altering microclimate, and riming and oidiing soil hus, understanding how egetation changes alter storage is essential gien largescale changes in mangroe and marsh coer in coastal wetlands e maniulated egetation identit and densit in eerimental lots  m to reresent an ecotonal gradient from heraceous to mangroedominated mangroe coer in ort ransas, eas, e measured differences in standing stocks aoe and elowground lant iomass and soil and changes in inuts of organic root roductiit and surface accretion e further assessed how changing iotic secies identit, densit and aiotic temerature, light characteristics influence litter reakdown k. e found that increasing mangroe coer increased aoe and elowground iomass and in surface soil, had no effect on elowground roductiit, and decreased sediment accretion otentiall due to coastward relatie to interior entrainment of coastal susidies angroes reduced litter k roducing more recalcitrant litter than heraceous wetland lants and reducing soil surface temerature and light ur findings indicate that changes in the identit and densit of functional egetation tes in wetland ecosstems marsh s mangroes alters the mechanisms of ecosstem storage and sediment accretion

ontact information ean harles, lorida nternational niersit, th treet, iami, , , charedu

79 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

Devi N. Choesin1, Hafiz N. Arditama1, and Dimas T.A. Panjaitan2 nstitut eknologi andung, andung, ndonesia older ssociates, akarta, ndonesia

ndonesia is an archipelagic country which consists of more than , islands and has a coastline length of , km bout million hectares of mangroe forest grow along this coastline, making up percent of all mangroe ecosystems in the world oweer, etensie areas of mangroe forests in ndonesia continue to decline and are in critical condition due to anthropogenic effects he highest rate of decline has been recorded on aa island, including est aa proince Coastal areas in est aa hae deeloped into industrial, cultiatedfishpond, or tourism areas midst these generally populated areas, euweung ancang ature esere () in the southern coast of arut district represents one of the last coastal conseration sites in est aa espite the ecological importance of this site, howeer, little scientific information is aailable

his paper reiews and discusses in general mangroe distribution and condition on the island of aa, then focuses on a study in as an eample of a remnant mangroe area which has suffered from poor management and is currently under threat he specific objecties of the study were to describe mangroe community structure determine mangroe distribution pattern along salinity and substrate gradients and assess mangroe health in ield data collection was conducted at three sites located in the western (Cipalawah), mid (Cipunaga) and eastern (Cibako) parts of the coast egetation analysis data were collected using linetransects diided into at least three nestedplots within meters from the outer boundaries of the mangroe community, perpendicular to the shoreline hree replications were performed at each location randomly ubstrate sampling and salinity measurements were conducted at each plot

een mangroe species were recorded, i.e, Aegiceras corniculatum, Sonneratia alba, Avicennia alba, Avicennia marina, Rhizophora apiculata, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, and Xylocarpus granatum with arying species richness and diersity among sites Aegiceras corniculatum was clearly dominant in Cipunaga while importance alues of species in Cibako and Cipalawah tend to be more een hannoniener diersity indices ranged from in Cipunaga to in Cipalawah Communities at Cipunaga and Cibako showed high similarity (orisitaorn inde ) angroes in general did not ehibit any clear pattern of onation distribution seems to be more affected by coastal geomorphology and inundation sing standard criteria outlined by the inistry of nironment based on percent coer and density, mangroes at fall into the category of good, with medium density oweer, in terms of regeneration potential (criteria of awat et al, ), the regeneration of Sonneratia alba, Avicennia marina, and Xylocarpus granatum is considered poor, while Avicennia alba shows no regeneration

his study has proided updated information on the condition of mangroes in which is representatie of the southern coast of est aa hese findings, along with other important issues we hae identified, should be considered in formulating a strategy for the sustainable management of

Contact nformation ei Choesin, chool of ife ciences and echnology, nstitut eknologi andung () alan anesha , andung , ndonesia hone , mail deisithitbacid deichoesinyahoocom

80 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

Glenn A Coldren1, Samantha Chapman1, Adam Langley1 and llka. C. Feller2 illanoa niersity, illanoa, , mithsonian nironmental esearch Center, dgewater, ,

ncreasing temperatures and a reduction in the freuency and seerity of freeing eents has been linked to shifts in species distributions, growth patterns and interactions ifferences in responses to both minimum and mean temperatures may alter species interactions leading to enhancements or reductions in predicted range shifts of plant communities he distributional ranges of mangroe species are primarily limited by freeing eents which limit growth and surial n recent years, a northern range epansion of mangroe species has been obsered, likely due to the diminishing occurrences of fatal freeing eents associated with climate change s these mangroe communities moe to higher latitudes they are interacting with salt marsh communities that inhabit the same intertidal area in temperate ones

n this study we conducted an in situ warming eperiment to test the effects of air temperature increases (mean C ) on cooccurring mangroe and salt marsh species arming was achieed using passie warming enclosure chambers (m) with two treatment leels (ambient, warmed) he chambers were installed at a mied salt marshmangroe site, located at erritt sland, lorida, which is a transitional one for the two communities ach plot enclosed multiple adult mangroes and had both a mangroe and salt marsh dominated area within the chamber he design allows us to eamine changes in dominance between the two species groups under warmed conditions shallow sediment eleation table () was installed into each plot to eamine changes in eleation due to warming perimental plots consisted of the salt marsh species Distichlis spicata and Juncus roemerianus and adult mangroes of Laguncularia racemosa

esults indicated that adult mangroes (Laguncularia racemosa) showed a strong positie response in aboe ground growth as a result of warming nder warming, increased growth of Laguncularia racemosa led to a shift towards greater mangroe area coer and reduced salt marsh coer within the chambers eaf area of mangroes also increased under warming alt marsh species (Distichlis spicata and Juncus roemerianus) showed significant increases in aboe ground growth but only during the growing season ediment eleation was slightly positie throughout the eperiment but greater in warmed treatments t is important to note that no freeing temperatures occurred at the site during the study likely reducing the effect of minimum temperature differences on mangroes

Contact nformation lenn Coldren, illanoa niersity, ancaster e, illanoa , mailglenncoldrenillanoaedu

81 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

IN FLORIDA’S MANGROV Jeremy Conrad1,2, and C. Edward Proffitt2 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, J.N. “Ding” Darling National ildlife efuge, anibel, , lorida tlantic niersity, ept of iological ciences, co arbor ranch ceanographic nstitution, ort ierce, ,

angroe forests around the globe are in danger of being submerged and eroded by sea leel rise () n some Caribbean locations, mangroes hae been found to completely or partially offset submergence through the production of below ground root structure and or accumulation of new sediments ecent literature suggests that in rierine settings, sedimentation is the primary process of eleation change However, most of Florida’s mangroves are not riverine and may not receive the necessary sedimentation to keep pace with Currently, the primary processes and rates of change that are important to offsetting the effects of are poorly understood in lorida mangroe forests

o better understand the primary processes and rates of change in lorida mangroes, we are applying a noel three step approach irst, with the aid of colleagues, we are establishing and monitoring a network of fortyfie surface eleation tables () and marker horions () on ational ildlife efuges throughout lorida urface eleation tables and marker horions hae been demonstrated to accurately measure minuscule changes in mangroe eleation and capture rates of sedimentation he network will span along both coasts of lorida from Central lorida to ig ine ey and proide for both a localied and regional analysis of mangroe eleation change in response to econd, at each location we are monitoring biannually a suite of ariables that hae been demonstrated or suspected to affect belowground production hese ariables include aboe and belowground productiity, egetation structure, hydrology, salinity, nutrient loads, and soil density and composition hird, since coastal wetlands are at constant risk of eutrophication from terrestrial sources, we will conduct a nutrient manipulation eperiment to assess the effects of different nutrient leels on aboe and belowground productiity, decomposition, and eleation change ur treatments will include control sites and the addition of nitrogen (), phosphorus (), and a mi of and to eperimental sites

conceptual metamodel will be deeloped and function as a multiariate hypothesis for the selected ariables ata will be analyed by a structural euation model that will identify the path coefficient linking each ariable to the main response ariable of eleation change for each site his multiariate approach will proide land management organiations, such as , an understanding of what dries eleation change in Florida’s mangroves, how that change is keeping pace with SLR, and aid in prioritizing management decisions that address the threat of SLR on Florida’s coastal resources.

Contact information eremy Conrad, ildlife r, anibel, , , , mail eremyConradfwsgo

82 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

EARLY DRIVERS OF BLACK MANGROVE (AVICENNIA GERMINANS) LEAF LITTER DECOMPOSITION IN THE WATER COLUMN Leticia Contreras, Alejandro Fierro-Cabo and Carlos Cintra-Buenrostro University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA

In most estuaries, major energy and matter flows to higher trophic levels originate in detrital pathways. These transitional systems provide valuable ecosystem services, some of which are a function of organic turnover such as the duration of carbon and nutrient sequestration, and the sustained productivity fueled by nutrient remineralization. Decomposition of abundant plant material produced by mangroves, seagrasses and other macrophytes, is a major process in the organic turnover of many estuarine systems, and occurs in both the sediments and the water column. Many decomposition studies have documented this process with plant litter on or within the sediments, but the most intense part of it frequently occurs in the water column. Understanding how early mangrove leaf litter decomposition is affected by driving environmental variables is essential to predict changes in nutrient cycling and carbon sequestration potential.

In a recent study, measurements of in situ decomposition of black mangrove (Avicennia germinans) leaf litter suspended in the water column, showed important differences among four estuaries in south Texas with moderate differences in salinity, water temperature, nitrogen availability and tidal flow. Thus, a series of experiments under controlled conditions were conducted to determine the influence, within observed ranges in the estuaries, of these water conditions on mass loss of mangrove leaf litter. Preliminary results indicate greatest mass loss in the treatment with higher temperature (31⁰C) and lower salinity (20 ‰) after 60 days (48.3%), whereas lower temperature (20⁰C) and higher salinity (66‰) had the least mass loss (23.6%). Treatment with water turbulence presented the greatest mass loss after 60 days (54.9%) compared to the control (38.5%). N availability experiments indicate greater mass loss in the treatment with 3.0 mg/L (NH4)2SO4 (34.5%) compared to both, the control and 1.5 mg/L (NH4)2SO4 treatments (29.5%). All four water column variables tested appear to have a marked effect on mangrove litter decomposition rates.

Contact Information: Leticia Contreras, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, One West University Blvd., Brownsville, TX., USA 78520, Email: [email protected]

83 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

SING SRFA LVAION AS A OOL O ASSSS FNIONAL IVALN AFR MANGROV FORS RSORAION Nicole Cormier1, Ken W. Krauss1, Kerrylee Rogers2, Debra J. Stokes3, Michael J. Osland1, Amanda W. J. Demopoulos4, and Roy R. Lewis III5 U.S. eological Survey, Wetland and uatic Research enter, Lafayette, L, US University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, ustralia School of nvironmental Science ngineering, NSW, ustralia U.S. eological Survey, Wetland and uatic Research enter, ainesville, FL, US oastal Resources roup, nc., Salt Springs, FL, US

angrove forests are highly productive tidal forested wetlands that provide fisheries and wading ird haitat, caron storage, erosion protection, and water uality improvement. However, these forests are threatened gloally y auaculture, harvesting, human infrastructure, and natural disturance. angrove loss means a loss of the goods and services they provide. angrove restoration and creation efforts are often used to offset the goods and services lost y mangrove destruction and degradation, commonly caron seuestration, shoreline armoring, and wave uffering. However, there is concern that created wetlands are not functionally euivalent to their natural counterparts. While mangrove restoration proects are implemented the world over, few studies are conducted postrestoration to determine the longterm growth and development of these forests to sustantiate restoration success. Furthermore, recent strong interest in payment for ecosystem services or compensation for losses particularly for caron seuestration will reuire greater certainty in investment return there is now even greater need to verify the functional euivalency of mangrove restoration.

angrove sustrate elevation relative to sea level is a key component in restoration success recolonization, germination, and survival are all controlled in part y soil surface elevation. Soils also provide a sustrate for iotic communities and iogeochemical processes e.g., caron storage, nitrogen cycling, ut the rate at which mangrove soil properties develop after creation or restoration is not well known. Using eamples from the United States, ustralia, and New ealand, we compared the structural and functional attriutes of restored mangrove forests with their natural counterparts. Some of the metrics we consider include soil surface elevation change, vertical accretion, soil structure and composition, forest structure, hydrology, and nutrient cycling.

lthough the time and resources availale for postrestoration assessment are typically insufficient or lacking, we can learn from mangrove restoration successes and failures. he studies that do eist suggest that longterm measurements of the structure and function of restored and created mangrove forests are necessary to determine the time and effort reuired to compensate for the total losses in structure, function, and ecosystem services of a natural mangrove forest. Such information is essential for developing appropriate mangrove restoration practices and mitigation strategies.

angrove restoration will continue to e a large part of future climate change adaptation and mitigation therefore, it is critical to understand the time reuired to reach functional euivalency through successful restoration of ecosystem properties and processes.

ontact nformation Nicole ormier, US eological Survey, aundome lvd, Lafayette, L, US , hone , mail cormiernusgs.gov

84 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

LORING RLAIONSIS N LAN AND SOIL MIROIAL DIVRSI IN MANGROVS Hayley Craig1, Ilka C. Feller2 and Jennifer K. Rowntree1 he University of anchester, anchester, United ingdom Smithsonian nvironmental Research enter, dgewater, D, US

angrove soils contain a diverse community of microorganisms that perform a vast array of ecological functions. s mangroves are naturally suect to freuent changes in environmental conditions, it is thought that the high acterial diversity in mangrove soils could ameliorate detrimental impacts associated with environmental disturance. Few studies have used molecular methods to assess microorganism diversity in mangrove soils and none that we know of have looked at whether this is linked to plant genetic diversity.his study aims to assess the relationship etween genetic diversity of plants and species diversity of soil microorganisms in Florida mangrove ecosystems. Leaf samples were collected from Rhizophora mangle, Avicennia germinans and Laguncularia racemosa within different vegetation zones for microsatellite analysis and soil samples were collected from the rhizosphere of each of these plants. DN was etracted from the soil and the S rRN genes and the internal transcried spacer regions were amplified to look at acteria and fungi communities respectively. hese amplicons were assessed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis D. lant and soil communities were compared etween and within vegetation zones and different sites. dditional soil variales including pH, temperature, moisture and nutrient content were also assessed. his study provides much needed information on the importance of diversity in Florida mangrove plant and soil communities and the relationships etween them.

ontact nformation Hayley raig, Faculty of Life Sciences, he University of anchester, ichael Smith uilding, Dover Street, anchester , hone , mail hayley.craigpostgrad.manchester.ac.uk

85 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

INVASIV SIS OF AAI MAROS AFFING MANGROV FORSS SRR AND ONSRVAION IN ROD ARAS Marília Cunha-Lignon1 and Ricardo Palamar Menghini1,2 nstituto iomarasil, So aulo, razil aster rogram in nvironmental Health, Faculdades etropolitanas Unidas, So aulo, razil

nvasive species represent strong threats to iodiversity and ecosystem services. he ananiaguape oastal System So aulo state, razil is considered the most conserved and wide mangrove area along the So aulo coast. he ananiaguape oastal System S, consists of a comple of lagoon channels, and is part of a World Heritage site y UNS, since . out rotected reas are distriuted on this coastal system. he S can e divided in two sectors, the northern and the southern, ased on geomorphology and environmental conditions. Despite this, in the northern sector important environmental changes occurred due to an artificial canal producing modifications in salinity and transforming the estuarine conditions.

he current study eamines the transformation of mangrove forest structure over time, sumitted to invasive species of auatic macrophytes and low salinity affecting the conservation of mangrove forests. o demonstrate this alteration, permanent plots were delimitated along the northern and southern sectors in the ananiaguape oastal System razil, from to .

n permanent plots, the characterization of structure forest development followed the methodology suggested y intrn and SchaefferNovelli . ll plants were identified and tree diameter, height, incidence of associated species, and condition live or dead were recorded. ean height, asal area dominance, and stem density were also assessed.

n one hand, the conserved mangrove forests, located in the southern sector, reached less than of dominance of asal area of dead trunks, etween and . n the other hand, the altered mangrove forests, located on sites under the influence of the waters of the artificial canal, reached of dominance of of dead trunks, etween and . he interstitial salinity varied etween and , on sites under the influence of the waters of the artificial canal, from to . his attriute varied from to , on conserved mangroves, over time.

uatic macrophytes species showed different ehavior and ecosystem services in relation to mangrove vegetation. These aquatic macrophytes don’t fix sediment and consequently don’t control erosion. In the S species of auatic macrophytes like Urochloa arrecta, Paspalum repens and Eichhornia crassipes dominated the landscape on sites under the influence of the waters of the artificial canal. ver time, they are forming large populations in the northern sector of the coastal system.

he increase of mangrove forests areas showed y the increase of the dominance of of dead trunks and other structural vegetation characteristics, over time, alert to serious transformation of mangrove forest structure sumitted to invasive species of auatic macrophytes and low salinity.

hese data are availale to decision makers to use on protected area planning. he mangrove forests monitoring, using permanent plots, is an important tool which data can e very useful to coastal management and mangrove conservation.

ontact nformation arlia unha Lignon, nstituto iomarasil, So aulo, razil, hone , mails marilia.cunhaiomarasil.org cunha.lignongmail.com

Financial Supports National ouncil for Scientific and echnological Development N – razil and oticrio roup Foundation

86 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

ISLANDID OASAL VLNRAILI ASSSSMN OF SRI LANA RVALS SAND DNS LAND RS AND NARAL VGAION AS ONIAL ARRIRS AGAINS OAN SRGS Farid Dahdouh-Guebas1,2,*, Behara Satyanarayana1,2,3, Tom Van der Stocken2, Guillaume Rans2, Kodikara Arachchi Sunanda Kodikara1,4, Gaétane Ronsmans2, Loku Pulukkuttige Jayatissa4, Mohd-Lokman Husain3 and Nico Koedam2 aoratory of ystems coloy and esource anaement russels elium aoratory of lant ioloy and ature anaement russels elium anroe esearch nit I T uala Terenanu alaysia epartment of otany atara ri ana

ince then the incident of the Indian cean tsunami on ecemer there hae een continuous efforts for upradin the tsunami early arnin systems as ell as their aailaility to localreional places in outh and outheast sia. eanhile the protection offered y coastal forests reenelts to the people property and land as also reconied and prioritied y oth pulic and priate authorities at arious oernance leels. onsiderin the fact that more than of the coastline of ri ana is ulnerale to aterrelated impacts and the existin maturepristine manroes ale to protect less than onethird of it an attempt as made to uild nolede on the other potential natural arriers alon the coast. In this context a m elt of the entire coast as diitied classified and assessed for ulneraility in relation to the existin landusecoer usin ... in rcie I. t first a isually interpreted landusecoer map comprisin sixteen classes as deeloped from the oole arth imaery andsat . econd ased on loal iital leation odel data from the T satellite the landusecoer map as further reclassified for altitude demarcation into aterless run up and flooded areas. nd finally oth ulnerale and less ulnerale areas ere identified y tain into account the aerae ae heihts of the tsunami reached into the country north . m south m east m and est . m. mon the places osered affna and aluanchiudyomari are found to e the ulnerale and Trincomalee ala and uttalam are the less ulnerale areas. hile ulneraility as larely associated ith the conditions deoid of natural arriers the less ulnerale areas contained manroes asuarina dense eetation andor sand dunes that ored aainst the aes effectiely. s the present study proides only aseline information on the islandide ulnerale and less ulnerale areas further research in similar lines is needed to aid for future preparedness e.. eacuation of people at the time of aterrelated impacts if any in the country.

ontact information arid ahdouhueas aoratory of ystems coloy and esource anaement niersit ire de ruxelles I enue ranlin ooseelt russels elium aoratory of lant ioloy and ature anaement rie niersiteit russel leinlaan russels elium. hone mail fdahdouhul.ac.e

87 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

MANGROVS A IR LIMIS DION AND ARA SIMAION OF A IMIRIS MANGROVS IN MARIANIA SING RMO SNSING Viviana Otero1,2, Katrien Quisthoudt1, Nico Koedam2* and Farid Dahdouh-Guebas1,2* aoratory of ystems coloy and esource anaement niersit ire de ruxelles russels elium aoratory of lant ioloy and ature anaement rie niersiteit russel russels elium

The northernmost and most arid manroe ecosystem in est frica is found in the arc ational du Banc d’Arguin (PNBA), Mauritania and it is only composed of Avicennia germinans . ahdouh ueas oedam . loal and reional maps sho the location of these latitudinal manroes e.g. paldin et al. and detailed maps made y hand are aailale ahdouhueas oedam amarche . eertheless estimates of the manroe area in auritania differ amon studies e.g. paldin et al., amarche atoyino and imard . e assessed the use of automated emote ensin classification techniques in order to calculate the extent and map the distriution of these latitudinal manroes usin uicird and eoye sensors. e tested unsuperised and superised classification techniques and e deeloped a customied accuracy assessment procedure. This accuracy assessment taes into account the recommendations from ontius and antacru and incorporates the crossalidation technique ohai . s a preliminary result it as possile to detect the northernmost manroes of estfrica ith an accuracy of usin the aximum ielihood alorithm. The main source of error is the lo spectral difference eteen manroes and other types of soil coer eetation of exchane difference hich resulted in an erroneous classification of manroe and nonmanroe eetation in some areas. first estimate of the manroe area in ap Timiris is ha in . part from eneratin an accurate assessment of manroe areal extent in a latitudinal rane limit settin e discuss the eneral approach and features related to the methodoloy applied.

ontact Information iiana tero aoratory of ystems coloy and esource anaement acult des ciences niersit ire de ruxelles enue .. ooseelt russels elium ail oterofaul.ac.e

88 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

OS MANGROV IS I AND A IS I FOR MAING DISORSS SING MODOLOG IN MAANG MALASIA Jean Hugé1, Katherine Vande Velde1,2, Francisco Benitez-Capistros1,2, Behara Satyanarayana3, Farid Dahdouh-Guebas1,2,4& Nico Koeda2,4 t cg urc Managnt nit, Big artnt, Université Libre de Bruxelles (B) , A ranin t, Bru, Bgiu Pant Big Natur Managnt, Big artnt, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (B) Pinaan , Bru, Bgiu Mangr arc nit (MA), ntitut cangra nirnnt (N), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (M), uaa rngganu, Maaia atautr

The sustainable management of natural resources requires the consideration of multiple stakeholders’ rcti and ndg cai, in rdr t inr c and i cntntiu dciin aing dia nc, a ttr undrtanding in articuar cntt d anag natura rurc in a articuar a i ndd cuing n angr, ig rducti trica intertidal forests, this study’s first aim is to map the diversity of subjective viewpoints ang a rang tadr n t anagnt Matang Mangr rt in ninuar Maaia cnd, ti tud ai t d t rctin n t i cnunc t dirit rcti r t utur anagnt angr in Maaia and nd u t iuantitati tdg ad u t idnti tr ain dicur n angr anagnt i t ‘optimization’ discourse, stressing the need to improve the current overall satisfactory management rgi ii t ’change for the better’ discourse, which focuses on increasingly participatory management and on ecotourism; and iii. the conservative ‘business as usual’ discourse. The existence of common int cnnctin tn t dicur and tir rcti urtr rid rtuniti r diicatin angr anagnt rgi Acndging ti dirit iint, rcting dirnt tadr and ta aut angr anagnt, igigt t nd t d racti and riint natura rurc anagnt arac

ntact nratin arid aduua, Prr, nirit ir Bru, aratr t cg and urc Managnt, B, Bru Bru, B, Bgiu, P , ai daduuac

89 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

A N ROSSASD MANGROV ARON ASSSSMN OOL MADND Zhaohua Dai1,3, Carl Trettin1, Steve Frolking2, and Richard Birdsey3 enter for orested etlands esearch, orest ervice, ordesville, , niversity of ew ampshire, urham, trategic oresight roup, orest ervice, ewtown quare,

The ability to estimate carbon dynamics in mangroves is necessary for developing strategies to sustain ecosystem functions from intact forests and to restore degraded areas to provide valued ecosystem services under changing climatic conditions. processbased model was developed by integrating new features into orest , a freshwater forest biogeochemical model, that describe marine sediment biogeochemistry and mangrove physiology. This new model, T, can be used to estimate dynamics in mangrove ecosystems, including above and belowground biomass, burial and fluxes of aquatic dissolved inorganic and organic , particulate organic and methane, and impacts of changing ecological drivers on sequestration in mangroves, including temperature, precipitation, soil phosphorous, salinity and combined impacts of multiple factors. The sensitivity analysis showed that sequestration in mangrove ecosystems was highly sensitive to multiple factors, including soil phosphorus concentration, salinity, air temperature and geographical locations. The physiological responses were distinctly different. The response of gross and net primary productivity to changes in mean daily temperature T were cubic polynomial, but leaf production was linear, and aboveground biomass was quadratic; yet their response to other ecological drivers were similar. ther components of the forest cycle, such as burial , dissolved inorganic and organic , and particulate organic respond differently to variations of the ecological drivers. or example, while mangrove productivity is sensitive to available phosphorous, it cannot mitigate the stress imposed by high salinity. The combined effects of the driving factors are complex due to their intricate interactions highlighting the value of tool to assess dynamics in mangroves.

ontact nformation haohua ai, orest ervice, mail zdaifs.fed.us or mcatdndcgmail.com

90 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

A RGIONAL FRAMOR FOR MANGROV RSAR AND RAINING FORSS IN AS AFRIA C.C. Trettin1, M. Mangora2, S. Bandeira3, and C. Stringer1 Presented by Zhaohua Dai outhern esearch tation, orest ervice nst. arine cience, niv. ar es alaam ept. iological ciences, niv. duardo ondlane

angroves are widely recognized for their ecosystem services; however, there is insufficient information available for developing sustainable use strategies or for considering adaptation strategies to the threats from climate change, sea level rise, and land use conversion. There is also insufficient technical information to support effective mangrove restoration in the region. ccordingly, an active research, education and technology transfer program is warranted to provide needed information and enhance local capacity in the science and management of mangroves. ecognizing that a research and demonstration site is needed to provide the basis for longterm monitoring, experimentation, training and education, the frica ureau is supporting the establishment of two research and teachings forests in ozambique and Tanzania. The purpose is to establish a facility that can sanction research, demonstration, and education activities in such a way as to realize longterm studies, interdisciplinary and participatory monitoring, and a field laboratory for demonstrating good management practices and effective restoration techniques. ocal communities will be involved to ensure their socioeconomic considerations in both the operation of the forest and in the studies and demonstration trials. The mangrove research forest being established in Tanzania will be located in the ufiji iver elta, and the one in ozambique located in aputo ay. ach of these forests is being developed by an interagency team within the respective countries, and they will have the responsibility for the operation and coordination of the facility. stablishing monitoring capabilities and baseline studies are part of the start up activities, which are intended to provide a foundation for collaborators working on the site. The activities among the mangrove research forest will be coordinated through the est ndian cean angrove etwork.

91 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

IMAS OF INRASD SALINI ON MANGROV ARON LING ROSSSS Pedram P. Daneshgar, Kristina M. Guarino, Kristen E. Jezycki, and John A. Tiedemann arine and nvironmental iology and olicy rogram, onmouth niversity, est ong ranch, ,

alinity is expected to rise in marine ecosystems of the tropics, particularly in the aribbean, due to increased evaporative loss in surface waters related to warming. hanges in salinity are expected to have significant impacts on coastal ecosystems and the services they provide. angrove ecosystems, which have been demonstrated to have great value for carbon sequestration, are likely susceptible to these impacts, as their productivity is tightly related to salinity. This is clearly demonstrated by the dwarfed mangroves in regions like The ahamas where there are no freshwater inputs to these systems. n understanding of how mangroves will respond to salinities rising above current ambient ocean levels is needed in order to assess the impacts of climate change on these valuable ecosystems.

e explored the impacts of elevated salinity on red mangrove Rhizophora mangle carbon cycling processes, primarily focusing on mangrove photosynthesis rates and mangrove sediment respiration rates. ampling was done of mangrove tidal creeks in leuthera, The ahamas where salinity ranges from ambient ocean levels to hypersaline along natural naturally occurring salinity gradients. tilizing these gradients, predictions can be made on how red mangroves will respond to rising salinities both in the aribbean and in estuaries that are experiencing changes in salinity due to sea level rise.

ontact nformation edram aneshgar, ssistant rofessor, onmouth niversity, arine and nvironmental iology and olicy rogram, edar ve, est ong ranch, ; nited tates; hone , mail pdaneshgmonmouth.edu

92 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

MANGROV LONGRM AOVGROND N RIMAR RODIV IN FLORIDA OASAL VRGLADS RSONS O RRIAN DISRAN AND RSILIN MAGNID Tess Danielson1, Victor H. Rivera-Monroy1, Edward Castañeda-Moya1, Henry Briceño2, Rafael Travieso2, Evelyn Gaiser2 ollege of oast and nvironment, ept. of ceanography oastal ciences, ouisiana tate niversity, aton ouge, , lorida nternational niversity, iami, ,

The mangrove ecotone region in the lorida oastal verglades has been historically subjected to a wide range of disturbances varying in intensity and frequency. et, discrete pulsing events are capable of significantly altering ecosystem structure e.g. species dominance and function e.g. litterfall net primary productivity , and stem net primary productivity . urricane ilma, a category storm, crossed outh lorida in ctober , causing significant defoliation and tree mortality in riverine and basin mangrove forests along the hark iver lough . This event represented an opportunity to evaluate longterm trends in speciesspecific net productivity stem and litterfall before and after Wilma’s impact. We investigated the response of both and to differential hurricane impacts at three longterm study sites , , and to evaluate forest resiliency as related to carbon storage, sequestration, and export and spatiotemporal legacies. e hypothesized that the mangrove recovery trajectory i.e. recovery duration and rate is dependent on the disturbance impact magnitude and initial forest structure, and the stem growth will be arrested during the first three years while the tree canopy recovered from hurricaneinduced defoliation. ur longterm data indicates that hurricane disturbance significantly reduced productivity annual rates by at least and carbon allocation within each site, especially in . Hurricane Wilma’s stronger wind fields (30 m s that impacted sites and caused a canopy litter export of approximately the annual prestorm average litterfall carbon . and . g ha yr, respectively. e observed differential recovery times among sites and among species; and returned to preilma rates by , however has not yet reached recovery. Total forest basal area in was reduced from m ha ± in to m ha ± in . This reduction reflects the cumulative mortality over a year period as a result of tree defoliation induced by wind impact. et, relative species basal area contribution to total basal area did not change significantly from to at each site. The mangrove species Rhizophora mangle was the dominant species in both and sites, while Laguncularia racemosa remained the dominant species in before and after the storm. Total stem production measured in was relatively lower following the storm at all sites, with a net reduction gradient of , , and g m yr although significant differences were only registered in . ur results underscore the resilience capacity to natural disturbance showing distinct but different productivity patterns depending on species dominance.

ontact nformation Tess anielson, ept. of ceanography and oastal ciences, nergy oast and nvironment ldg. aton ouge, , hone , mail tdanilsu.edu

93 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

ASSSSMN OF ROVR OF MANGROV AIAS SING SAL ISOOS Amanda W. J. Demopoulos1, Jill R. Bourque1, Jennifer McClain-Counts1, Nicole Cormier2, Ken Krauss2 .. eological urve Wetland and uatic esearch enter ainesville .. eological urve Wetland and uatic esearch enter afaette

angrove habitats provide important ecosstem services including coastal storm protection carbon seuestration water ualit improvement and support of fish and wildlife communities. ver the past two decades mangrove habitats have decreased drasticall worldwide highlighting the need for mangrove ecosstem restoration. While most restoration efforts focus on planting seedlings the often ignore the underling phsical parameters causing mangrove loss such as disruption to the hdrological regime. angrove restoration via a hdrologonl approach has the potential to save millions of dollars globall but their success is et untested. ssessments of restoration success can emplo a functional euivalenc approach comparing restoration areas over time with natural reference forests. Here we emplo the use of stable isotopes 3 and to assess the food web ecolog of mangrove habitats. table isotopes are a useful tool for assessing restoration success because the help identif food sources estimate food pathwas and elucidate trophic interactions ultimatel lining primar producers to higher trophic levels. table isotopes provide a metric to trac changes in the trophic structure following restoration and enable time estimates for establishing functional euivalenc and restoration success.

he stud was conducted at the ruit arm ree hdrological restoration site within the ooer a ational stuarine esearch eserve . he stud site includes a reference area outside the restoration area 0 and 00acre plots that have not been restored and a small acre plot that has been hdrologicall restored. Within each plot samples were collected along a gradient of deforestation from a heavil degraded one characteried b mud flats with 0 plant cover and dead standing trees to a transition one characteried b a high number of saplings and finall into a reference one containing dense mangrove trees with 0 tree cover. lora and fauna were collected from each area and their trophic structure was determined using stable carbon (δ3C) and nitrogen (δ isotopes.

Within mangrove habitats (transition and reference ones common epifaunal and infaunal taa encountered included annelids gastropods (Cerithidea sp. ittorinidae Melampus coffea isopods and fiddler crabs (Uca sp.. ewer species of epifauna were observed in the degraded one and taa were generall dominated b gastropods (Cerithidia sp. and Melampus coffea and insect larvae. auna collected from degraded ones were enriched in 3 relative to those found in reference ones indicating a shift in the dominant carbon source from mangrove detritus (reference one to algae (degraded one. n the acre restored plot the degraded transition and reference ones were less isotopicall distinct than measurements from corresponding ones in the nonrestored 0 and 0 acre plots. ur initial results suggest that the restored hdrological regime ma be facilitating the maturing of the mangrove ecosstem including the development of mangrove detritus allowing for the trophic pathwas in degraded and transition ones to be more similar to reference areas. hese data serve as a baseline for assessing mangrove restoration success over time and provide critical information on the ecosstem functioning in mangrove habitats.

ontact nformation manda W.. emopoulos .. eological urve Wetland and uatic esearch enter 0 W st t ainesville 33 hone 3330 mail ademopoulosusgs.gov

94 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

IODIVRSI IS INGRAL O AILI OF FONDAION SIS O ADA O ANGING LIMA ONDIIONS Donna J Devlin and C Edward Proffitt ept of iological ciences lorida tlantic niversit

arge scale disturbances associated with hurricanes anthropogenic disturbances and migrations are co occurring and are predicted to continue to escalate in freuenc and intensit in response to climate change. Accordingly, understanding disturbance driven mangrove foundation species’ distributions and their associated communities is e to helping us to predict future distributions of these communities and their associated ecological services.

enetic diversit is a primar component of biodiversit and is integral to the abilit of populations to adapt to changing conditions. aprecruiting foundation tree species such as Rhizophora mangle characteristicall form forests composed of geographic mosaics that var in diversit at both the genetic (intraspecies level of the foundation species as well as at the interspecies level of the communit. ecent wor demonstrates that newl recruited R. mangle populations migrating northward with climate change also form patches that var in genetic diversit dependent on local and regional oceanic current flow that disperses propagules and promotes gene flow.

o test both intraspecies (genotpic maternal famil diversit and interspecies interactions of R. mangle we designed a large scale (3 plots individualsplot common garden eperiment. lots have three levels of diversit low (monotpic plots with maternal famil medium ( individuals from 3 maternal families and high ( individuals from maternal families. ight maternal families were assigned stratified randoml so that each diversit treatment had an euivalent number of individuals from each maternal famil. arl analses of these data concentrated on genotpic differences and later evaluation ( ears concentrated on characteristics at the level of the eperimental plot.

We found that the ecological functions productivit (p0.00 and infestation b parasites (p0.00 varied with maternal genotpe. t the plot level tree architecture varied with the level of genotpic diversit canop area (p0.0 . number of surviving trees (p0.0 .3 and average height (p 0.00 .3 increased with diversit and reached a threshold at the level of medium diversit and then levelled off. aimum tree height followed the same pattern and was marginall significant (p0.00 .0. Herbivor varied with diversit (p0.0 .. rachnid communit diversit increased with diversit (p0.003 with greater diversit at the high diversit treatment. Within the common garden plots with varing levels of genetic diversit influenced plant architecture herbivor infestation b parasites associated communities and ecological functions. he eperimental common garden establishes a small scale geographic mosaic that is shaped b the diversit of the plots.

We show that genetic diversit of R. mangle can influence ecological functions and associated communit diversit which ma have e ecological and evolutionar implications for mangroves and other foundation species as the epand their ranges with climate change. hese results support the argument that genetic variation within foundation tree species has the potential to be a significant driver of the geographical mosaics of variation in foundation species communities.

ontact nformation onna evlin esearch ssociate rofessor lorida tlantic niversit iological ciences 00 t. ierce 3 nited tates hone 0 mail ddevlinfau.edu

95 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

FROM SIN O OLI NDRSANDING RRODIV RMII OF RAILIAN MANGROV RAS O IMROV IR ONSRVAION AND FISRIS MANAGMN Karen Diele1,2, and Anders Jensen Schmidt3 dinburgh apier niversity, dinburgh, t Abbs arine tation, t Abbs, niversidade ederal do ul da ahia, rail

rabs are ey players in mangrove ecosystems and therefore important to conserve. n railian mangrove forests, the largest species, Ucides cordatus, sustains essential ecosystem functions and services such as acceleration of nutrient cycling it is the only significant leaf litter feeder in this bioregion and provision of food and income through fisheries yields of up to tons per annum per m. any populations are suffering from habitat degradation, disease and increasing fishing pressure and capture bans are in place aiming to prevent unsustainable fishery. uring the last decade hoever, regulatory agencies have lost credibility due to a freuent mismatch beteen a precautionary temporal capture ban during the reproductive season and days of actual mass mating events called andada, hich has promoted la incompliance by fishermen. e aim to generate the necessary scientific noledge to allo a robust nationide prediction of the occurrence of mating en masse in U. cordatus, to improve the current fisheries management for this vulnerable species.

he conspicuous andada mass mating events of U. cordatus occur over to days during the months lasting reproductive season. atesearching specimens are unusually active outside their burros and particularly easy to catch. t is common noledge that andada occurs at syygies, but the particular moon phase, at full, at ne or more rarely at both full and ne moon, varies beteen and ithin years. o prevent unsustainable eploitation, crab capture is therefore banned at both ne and full moon, as a precautionary measure, even though andada mostly only taes place during one of the to moon phases, resulting in the abovementioned conflict beteen fishermen and managers.

e hypothesie that the rhythm of andada is lined to geophysical cycles and therefore predictable in time. f true, this ould allo a precisely tailored placement of reproductive capture bans. e tested this hypothesis in aravelas, rail, by assessing presenceintensity of andada ith respect to the lightdar and tidal cycle beteen at this site. ur results sho that the rhythm of andada is lined to the rarely noticed Syzygy Tide Inequality Cycle e observed a shift of andada beteen ne and full moon, depending upon hich moon phase had the higher amplitude tides . he liely ultimate cause of the linage beteen and andada is increased larval survival by synchronous release at highest amplitude spring tides one month later.

n the upcoming reproductive season, managers of the tractive eserve of assuruba at aravelas have agreed to test the applicability of the noledge by monitoring la compliance at predicted andada moonphases only. o scale up e are also testing our predictability hypothesis over the species’ distributional range. n e founded the researcher netor A ede de onitoramento de Andadas eprodutivas dos arangueos to allo a simultaneous multiannual study at currently nine macrotidal, meso and microtidal sites along the railian coastline. e invite collaborators from other countries to oin our ongoing A netor proect, hich ill last until at least .

ontact nformation aren iele, , dinburgh apier niversity, ighthill ampus, dinburgh , , hone , mail dielenapier.ac.u

96 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

O ILL MANGROV NROAMN AND RODING IMONDMNS IMA OASAL ROION OF INRIDAL LANDS IN MRRI ISLAND NAIONAL ILDLIF RFG Cheryl Doughty1, Kyle Cavanaugh1, Ilka C. Feller2, Carlton Hall3 and Samantha Chapman3

elevation coastal wetlands (e.g., NASA’s Capital Project’s Integrated Valuation of

97 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

MANAGING OIL SILL IMAS ON MANGROVS SOLD ONRND Norman C Duke aes Coo niversit, ropA Centre, ownsville , Australia

angroves are widel acnowledged as igl vulnerale to oil spills, ut tis is easured ostl in ters of severit of ipacts on vegetation rater tan teir longer ter recover and te conseuences for associated tropic processes. ittle is nown aout e linages and functional relationsips etween te plants and anials aing up angrove aitat. is includes not nowing ow long it taes for oil daaged angrove aitat to recover. ile recover of forest structure appears to occur witin tree decades, full aitat recover a tae uc longer. ro te liited data availale, it sees tat prevention would e te etter option, rater tan restoring oildaaged aitat. ut, wen angrove aitat is oiled ten an effective strateg is needed.

en petroleu oil deposits on sensitive plant surfaces, it also affects soils and dependant anial life, causing a range of letal and suletal ipacts tat etend widel trougout associated coastal and estuarine ecosstes. Suc disruptions also affect ecosste services, lie fiseries production and soreline protection. And, all suc ipacts a persist for decades, as well as occurring at an tie and at an place. So, for as long as oil is etracted and transported, tere will e an everpresent ris to te ealt and survival of angrove aitats worldwide. erefore, it is essential were possile to e prepared.

Preparedness includes evaluation of riss and vulnerailit, developed fro aseline soreline surves, records of earlier ipacts and recover, and using effective longerter onitoring. or instance, ipact severit on angroves igt easil e uantified te area of tree deat along wit oter pragatic descriptors, lie te estiated volue of oil lost, te tpes of oil, te area of oiled aitat, and te area of liel suletal ipacts. e situation would also e uc iproved an agreed gloal assessent strateg using standard criteria for te longer ter, etter anageent and onitoring of angrove aitat affected large oil spills. nl in appling suc a strateg will it e possile to adeuatel understand, evaluate and assist longer ter recover of oilipacted angrove ecosstes.

Contact Inforation Nor ue, angrove cologist, aes Coo niversit, ropA, ASIP uilding, niversit rive, ownsville , , Australia, Pone ail noran.duejcu.edu.au

98 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

IODIVRSI INFLNS ON MANGROV FORS OSSM SRVIS DLIVR Clare Duncan1,2, Jurgenne H Primavera3,4, Julian R Thompson2, Heather J Koldewey3,5, Nathalie Pettorelli1 1Institute of oolog, oological Societ of ondon, ondon, C epartent of eograp, ondon, Conservation Prograes, oological Societ of ondon, ondon, oological Societ of ondonPilippines, Iloilo Cit, Pilippines Centre for colog and Conservation, niversit of eter, Cornwall,

A recent shift away from traditional ‘fortress conservation’ toward ecosystem approaches to land anageent as seen an increase in focus in te dual goals of conserving iodiversit and te goods and services (ES) derived from the world’s ecosystems. The potential success of such approaches demands a ecanistic understanding of ow iodiversit and ecosste functioning and S provision are related. Currentl, owever, tis understanding is indered a lac of researc into ultiple ecaniss (e.g. nice copleentarit, ass ratio wic iodiversit a influence S provision in real sstes at scales at wic te ultiple ecosste processes driving S occur. ur stud eplores S provision in si angrove forests in Pana Island, Pilippines. e eaine ow species ricness, and functional diversit and trait doinance (ultiple angrove species traits growt for, aiu eigt, rooting sste tpe, specific leaf area and wood densit of angrove species influences ultiple S provision (arvestale tiercarcoal production, downed wood indling aundance, soil and vegetation caron storage and stor attenuation potential effective vegetation lengt e. e assess te iodiversit drivers of angrove S provision witin and etween angrove forests, utilising a linear ied effects odelling fraewor controlling for te site and distance fro te soreline for eac plot. ur results suggest variation in te ecaniss driving different angrove S, wit a doinance of angrove species wit traits for ig vertical structure and aoveground ioass est eplaining plotlevel caron storage and tiercarcoal production, and ig functional diversit in tese traits as well as ig ultitrait functional diversit eplaining stor attenuation potential. ese findings a ave iportant iplications for angrove forest reailitation and restoration efforts for te aintenance of teir crucial S tropicswide in te face of angrove S tradeoffs.

Contact Inforation Clare uncan, Institute of oolog (S and niversit College ondon, Nuffield uilding, Io ondon N nited ingdo, Pone ail clare.duncanio.ac.u

99 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

VALAION OF ARON IOSSRAION IN MANGROV SAMS OF GRA A RIVR ALAAR NIGRIA E.A. Edu, A.E. Nkang, T. Okoh, and M.O. Ononyume niversity of alaar ... alaar ross iver State ieria

The aron seuestration potential of the manrove swamps of the reat wa iver alaar ieria was investiated alon tidal radients (low mid and hih) usin litter production and decomposition. The manrove species identified were Nypa fruticans, Rhizophora racemosa and Avicennia africana. itter production and composition were measured over months usin litter traps (m m) while litter decomposition was monitored usin litter as (cm cm). itter fall and litter standin stoc varied sinificantly (p .) temporally and spatially. Total litter comprised leaves wood and miscellaneous propaules (flowers fruits etc). Averae monthly litter fall was . dwt m (≈ 449.2 g m y) while averae monthly litter standin stoc on forest floor was . dwt m (≈ 160.56 g m y ). The time (days) for half of the initial dry mass (T) of leaves to decompose at low mid and hih tide levels were A. africana R. racemosa and N. fruticans respectively. The estimated residence time was less than one day while the proected residence time was etween and days across tidal radients suestin that other ecoloical processes miht e involved in transportin litter away from the reat wa iver into the ross iver estuary. itroen and nutrient content in decomposin leaves increased sinificantly amon species temporally (p .) and spatially (p .). Averae ratio decreased from . to . in A. africana, . to . in R. racemosa . to . in N. fruticans, indicatin wet mineraliation. esults are considered useful in predictin patterns of accumulation and distriution of manrove litter and sustainaility of the manrove ecosystem.

ontact nformation Edu E.A. niversity of alaar ... alaar ross iver State ieria hone Email esieduyahoo.com

100 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

RLAIONSI N IORAION AND NVIRONMNAL ARARISIS OF MANGROV FORS IN FIDO SAR AAN Ryohei Egawa1, Sahadev Sharma2, Ratino Sith1, Yusuke Tanokura1, Kazuo Nadaoka1 epartment of echanical and Environmental nformatics Toyo nstitute of Technoloy Toyo apan epartment of atural esources and Environmental anaement niversity of awaii at anoa onolulu SA

anrove ecosystem lue caron stoc is receivin heihtened attention ecause of storin hih amount of caron in soil due to anoic nature. owever soil caron dynamics is influenced y factors especially lie ioturation due to enthic fauna such as dominant cra diversity. ra urrowin activities are thouht to affect the soil caron dynamics y vertically transportin sediments and materials and estalishin caron mineraliation pathways. Therefore it is necessary to understand ioturation effects on caron dynamics. This study aims to clarify what ind of environmental parameters overn ioturation in manrove soils. e measured urrow density collapse proportion per day depth of urrow and urrow diameter which can e the most important parameters to uantify the ioturation effects on the material cycle in soil. t is important to understand the effect of veetation hydroloy and soil properties on ioturation parameters which can e further used to develop ioturation overned soil caron dynamics model. odel development can e used to understand future scenario or chane y seal level rise or climate chane.

ield surveys were conducted in the estuarine manrove of uido iver (. S .E) in the northern part of shiai sland apan. e recorded seven species of fiddler cras and five species of sesarmid cras durin our survey. Soil properties veetation parameters and ioturation related data were collected from plots of m diameter alon two transects durin four seasons from Auust to une . n each plot suplots of cm cm were estalished to understand the ioturation effect.

eression analysis showed that root iomass had a neative correlation with urrow collapse proportion (r . p .) and the lonest urrow depth in plots (r . p .). t is suested that root structure reduces vertical miin of sediments and materials y main urrows hard and also ein an ostacle to urrow. ydroperiod had a neative correlation with the mean urrow depth (r . p .). nundation may decrease cra activity to produce deeper urrow. n conclusion our results show ioturation parameters can e affected y soil veetation and hydroloical parameters and these results will e useful to predict future chanes of ioturation deree that come with the chane of manrove conditions.

ontact nformation yohei Eawa epartment of echanical and Environmental nformatics Toyo nstitute of Technoloy oayama eurou Toyo apan hone Email eawa.r.am.titech.ac.p

101 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

MANGROV RAS INFLN FDING AIVI MANGROV R RAS IN FLORIDA AND LI Amy A. Erickson1,2,Valerie J. Paul 2, Ilka C. Feller3, Woody Lee2, Lisa M. Kwiatkowski2, Lorin West1, Pablo Trejo1 ouisiana State niversity Shreveport Shreveport A SA Smithsonian arine Station at ort ierce ort ierce SA Smithsonian Environmental esearch enter Edewater SA

Secondary metaolites play a ey role in their environment y influencin interactions amon species. n doin so they structure communities and affect ecosystem function. Etensive research has een conducted on ecoloical function of secondary metaolites produced y terrestrial plants and marine alae as well as their potential application to medicine and ariculture. n contrast researchers have ust recently started to pulish information on the chemical ecoloy of coastal plants such as manroves. Eaminin the ecoloical function of etracts and secondary metaolites in manroves is warranted iven the considerale ecoloical and economic value of these systems. This study assessed the ecoloical activity of manrove etracts throuh the use of ioassayuided fractionation on feedin activity y the manrove tree cra Aratus pisonii. Aratus pisonii is one of the most aundant cra species in manroves in entral and South America. t is the primary herivore of the red manrove Rhizophora mangle ut also is found livin sympatrically with the lac and white manroves Avicennia germinans and Laguncularia racemosa respectively. reliminary studies have shown that R. mangle and L. racemosa leaves are more palatale than those of A. germinans thus it was hypothesied that cras from oth locations would e deterred y A. germinans etracts.

ature manrove leaves in and elie were collected and etractions were performed usin a series of solvents producin nonpolar and polar etracts. The etracts were fractionated usin column chromatoraphy. Etracts and fractions were tested aainst cras from oth locations in feedin assays with aarased artificial food. hen oth nonpolar and polar etracts were comined cras from each location were deterred y A. germinans etracts from each location compared to etracts from the other species. onpolar etracts from deterred feedin y and elie cras compared to other etracts from other manrove species. nepectedly nonpolar etracts from elie stimulated feedin in cras from elie when compared to etracts from other manrove species. olar etracts larely had no effect on feedin. All ut one fraction of A. germinans deterred feedin y the cras when compared to controls without etracts. The results suest that manrove etracts play an important role in influencin feedin activity y A. pisonii and that several different types of compounds may e responsile especially those derived from nonpolar etracts and fractions. t appears that manrove etracts from the two locations vary in their activity andor that the cras vary in their sensitivity to the etracts. urther studies need to e conducted to identify specific secondary metaolites that influence feedin activity in A. pisonii and how such metaolites influence feedin y other manrove herivores.

ontact nformation Amy Ericson epartment of ioloical Sciences ouisiana State niversity Shreveport Shreveport A SA Email amy.ericsonlsus.edu

102 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

FFS OF OLROMINAD DINL RS D AND D ON GRMINAION AND GRO OF A MANGROV LAN KANDELIA OBOVATA Shazia Farzana, Juan Chan and Nora Fung Yee Tam ity niversity of on on epartment of ioloy and hemistry Tat hee Avenue owloon on on

olyrominated diphenyl ethers (Es) commonly used as flame retardants worldwide are uiuitous environmental contaminants. oastal sediments particularly those close to human activities are sins for Es ut their effects on coastal plants such as manroves in tropical and sutropical reions have seldom een reported. The present study aims to investiate the ermination and rowth of Kandelia obovata Sheue iu on a dominant manrove plant in Econtaminated sediments. A soil microcosm eperiment made up y pots with mature droppers of K. obovata planted in manrove sediments contaminated with one of the two E coneners that is E at .. freee dry sediment and E at .. m freee dry sediment was conducted. The pots receiving daily tidal flushing of artificial seawater at a salinity of 15 ‰ were placed in a greenhouse for three months. esults showed that ermination of droppers was not affected y Es. All droppers in oth Etreated and control pots were successfully erminated with the nd pair of leaves fully epanded in days. owever the concentrations of chlorophyll a and carotenoid of seedlins rown in E and E contaminated sediments were sinificantly hiher than that in the control (without any E). iher dry iomass of leaves and roots were found in seedlins rown in E contaminated sediments. At the end of month’s exposure, concentrations of BDE in leaf stem propaule and root tissues in the treated seedlins were .. .. .. .. respectively while the respective E concentrations in E treated seedlins were .. .. .. and .. indicatin that Es in contaminated manrove sediment were taen up y K. obovata especially roots. The present study revealed that K. obovata was tolerant to hih contamination of E ( ) and E ( m ) in sediments. ecause of the tolerance and uptae ailities of K. obovata this species may e used in phytoremediation process.

ontact nformation ora un ee Tam epartment of ioloy and hemistry ity niversity of on on Tat hee Avenue owloon on on hone Email hntamcityu.edu.h

103 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

IGRSOLION DIMNSIONAL MAING OF FORS SRR AND AOVGROND IOMASS SOS IN L ARON OSSMS IN AMRIAS AFRIA AND SO ASIA Lola Fatoyinbo1, David Lagomasino1,2, , Seung Kuk Lee 1,2 , Marc Simard 3, Emanuelle Feliciano2, Carl Trettin3 1 oddard pace light enter, reenelt, D niversities pace esearch ssociation, oluia, D nited tates orest ervice, ordesville,

easuring and onitoring forest aoveground ioass B and caron stocs has ecoe increasingly iportant ecause of its relevance to international cliate negotiations, national cliate change adaptation and itigation progras in developing nations as well as the iportance of forest aron stocs in gloal cycle studies egetated coastal ecosystes, also called Blue Carbon ecosystes are highly efficient caron sins and have een shown to play a significant role in aeliorating the effect of increasing gloal cliate change y capturing significant aounts of caron into sedients and plant ioass n fact, current studies suggest that angroves and coastal wetlands annually seuester caron at a rate two to four ties greater than ature tropical forests and store three to five ties ore caron per euivalent area than tropical forests angrovelined estuaries and coastal ecosystes are significant to gloal iogeocheical processes and disproportionately to their land cover regulate the structure, productivity and function of adacent coastal ecosystes

n this tal, we will give an overview of recent efforts to uantify angrove forest D structure, coposition and change at high resolution gloally in the context of estiating forest ioass and lue caron stocs ur presentation covers field and reotely sensed investigations and descries uniue reotely sensed datasets produced and collected at , with an ephasis on recently collected airorne idar and adar data fro the ericas and frica n addition, we will highlight new reote sensing ethods, which have peritted highresolution diensional apping of forest structure and aoveground ioass stocs in lue caron ecosystes

ontact nforation ola atoyino, oddard pace light enter, Biospheric ciences, reenelt d, reenelt, D 1, nited tates, hone 11 Eail lolafatoyinonasagov

104 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

SIMAING MANGROV ANO IG AND AOVGROND IOMASS IN VRGLADS NAIONAL AR I RRSRIAL LASR SANNING AIRORN LIDAR AND ANDM DAA Emanuelle A. Feliciano1,2, Shimon Wdowinski3, Matthew D. Potts4, Seung-Kuk Lee1,2 and Temilola E. Fatoyinbo1 1 oddard pace light enter, reenelt, D, a idge ssociated niversities, niversity of iai osenstiel chool of arine and tospheric cience, iai, , niversity of alifornia, Bereley, ,

he coastal angroves forests of Everglades ational ar E are well protected fro developent evertheless, cliate change, hurricanes and other anthropogenic disturances have affected these intertidal ecosystes onitoring forest structural paraeters canopy height and aoveground ioass B is iportant for the estalishent of an historical dataase for past, present and future ecosyste coparison t is possile to study the vertical structure of forests canopy height using reote sensing sensors fro air or spaceorne iDaser canning or spaceorne ynthetic perture adar systes such as huttle adar opography ission and anDE D orest canopy height has a wellunderstood and directly proportional correlation with B

n this study, we estiated angrove canopy height in the E using an irorne iD dataset and D datasets acuired during the years 111he dataset was acuired along a 15 x 15 swath of angrove forest with variale canopy height in har iver lough he sapled areas were representative of angrove stature and structure throughout the whole E nalysis of the dataset showed that angrove canopy height can reach up to 5 close to the coastal E waters, where har iver lough connects with the ulf of exico he ean canopy height in the whole angrove forest is located around he coparison of the irorne iD and the D data yielded an 5 and E 1 o estiate B at the plotscale we used groundased iD aa errestrial aser canning he B ased results indicated values ranging fro 15 gha for short angroves up to gha for tall angroves he ased results suggest that there ight e higher Bcaron content in the E than previously estiated

ontact nforation Eanuelle eliciano, oddard pace light enter, reenelt d, reenelt, D 1, hone 11, Eail eanuelleafelicianonasagov

105 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

RSORAION OF NAIV MANGROVS OO LONG IM O RVRS RAID DI SIF OF NI MAROFANA ASD INVASION OF OI SARINA ALRNIFLORA Jianxiang Feng 1, Qian Huang 1, 2, Jiemin Guo1, and Guanghui Lin 1, 3 * 1Division of cean cience and echnology, raduate chool at henhen, singhua niversity, henhen, hina Biology Departent, arine Biology ection, hent niversity, hent, Belgiu inistry of Education ey aoratory for Earth yste odeling, enter for Earth yste cience, singhua niversity, Beiing, hina

o evaluate how long it will tae to restore trophic relationship using native angroves for controlling invasive Spartina alterniflora, we exained the trophic relationship of selected enthic acrofauna in the restored coastal wetlands following the reoval of an invasive salt arsh species S. alterniflora in three different locations of uian province, hina tale isotope analysis using Bayesian ixing odel ix showed that Spartinaderived aterial contriuted at least of the caron sources for doinant gastropods and cras in the S. alterniflora counity and no significant differences were oserved aong the three locations he drastic physical disturances during S. alterniflora eradiction and planting of native obovata seedlings did not change the diets of selected enthic acro inverterates during the first year of the angrove restoration proect owever, the reestalishent and developent of angroves gradually changed the food sources of these acrofauna species fro hoogeneous Spartinadoinated to heterogeneous algae aterial ased, typical for local angrove forests n addition, the herivorous cras and aroreal gastropods responded to the change of vegetation uch earlier than the detritus feeding species, ut the coplete shift in the trophic relationship of these enthic fauna in the angrove wetlands invased yS. alterniflora reuired at least decades after the restoration of native vegetation at all three locations herefore, the restoration of native angroves can reverse the diets of enthic acrofauna caused y the invasion of of exotic alterniflora, ut it will tae at least severald decades, in contrast to the uic shift during plant invasion ur results have significant iplications for ecological proects and ecosyste anageents in the coastal regions

ontact nforation ianxiang eng, raduate school at henhen, singhua niversity, Division of cean cience and echnology, 5, singhua ar, ili niversity own, anshan District, henhen, uangdong 5155 hina, hone 151 Eail fengianxiangstsinghuaeducn

106 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

RRN SA OF LOIAION OF IVALVS I ONOMI IMORAN ON INRIDAL ON IN NORN MOAMI S. Fernando1 and J. Marcelino2 1nstituto acional de nvestigao esueira, aputo, oaiue Departento de incias Biolgicas, niversidade Eduardo ondlane, aputo, oaiue

o access the current state of exploitation, diversity and aundance for the ain ivalve species with socioeconoic iportance, seagrass eds in lui, uissanga and ea were studied for onths Deceer 1 – anuary 1 y daily oservation of catches, nuer of collectors and fishing freuency 5 uadrats 5 was placed randoly for each area in eginning and the end of sapling Pinctada imbricata, Modiolus philippinarum and Choromytilus meridionalis were the ost harvested species for daily consuption and hoe trade lui attained the highest diversity 5 ipson index followed y uissanga and ea 15 ean ioass and density were significantly different p 1 for all sapled areas M. philippinarum was the ost aundant specie in lui 1ind and ea ind and P. imbricata was the ost aundant specie at uissanga ind he E was gcollectorday for lui, gcolectorday for uissanga and gcolectorday for ea Based on the harvesting area of 5halue, hauissanga, ha ea and ean effort of collectorsdaylue, 1 collectoresdayuissanga, 5 collectoresday ea, annual catch was estiated at ton, ton and ton respectively he catches show the prevalence of P. imbricata in for lui and uissanga, what reflects the preference of collectors for inverterates with high coercial value ea area is the only one with signs of over exploitation and less lengths due to the proxiity to province capital city and high deand hus, is recoended to aintain the fishing effort in lue and uissanga and the fishery ust e onitored to avoid over exploitation

ontact nforation tela ernando, esearcher, nstituto acional de nvestigao esueira, nverterate departent, v ao se ung, aputo, aputo , oaiue 55 5 Eail stelacfernandogailco

107 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

OIL ALM – A RAIDL INRASING AS OF MANGROV DFORSAION IN SOAS ASIA Daniel A. Friess1 and Daniel R. Richards2

–

this decade. The West Papua Region of Indonesia accounts for approximately 9% of the world’s egion’s economy.

Southeast Asia’s threatened mangroves.

108 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

Marco Fusi1, Ramona Marasco1, Jenny Marie Booth1, Francesca Mapelli2, Massimiliano Cardinale3, Sara Borin2, Elena Crotti2 and Daniele Daffonchio1 iological and nvironmental Sciences and ngineering ivision ing Adullah niversity of Science and Technology Thuwal ingdom of Saudi Araia. epartment of ood nvironmental and utritional Sciences eS niversity of ilan ilan Italy Institute of Applied icroiology Research enter for ioSystems and se and utrition I ustusieigniversity iessen ermany

In mangrove forests cypodid and Sesarmid cras are among the most important taxa that have evolved the capaility to reath in air and in water. This adaptation is determined y maor functional evolution of the gill system toward a lungased function supporting imodal reathing and cataolite excretion. Recent findings have shown how imodal respiration could play a crucial role in enhancing the thermal tolerance of animals allowing them to colonie new ecological niches. We hypothesie that acterial symiosis is a maor force shaping the uniue adaptation of cra gills to cope with the challenges dictated y the mangrove ecosystem and in addition to driving these species toward a process of terrestrialisation.

To test our hypothesis we focused on two ey stone mangrove cra species along the latitudinal distriution of West Indian cean mangroves the ocypodid Uca urvillei and the sesarmid Perisesarma guttatum. These mangrove cras were sampled across a large latitudinal range at their southernmost euatorial and northernmost distriution sites on the South African and enyan Indian cean coasts and the Red Sea Saudi Araian coast respectively. To explore the acteriagill association we used scanning and transmission electron microscopy techniues and analysis of the phylogenetic marer gene S rRA specifically PRdenaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and next generation seuencing through the Illumina platform. oreover we used fluorescence in-situ hyridiation IS to visualie the topological association of the acterial classes identified y molecular analysis and the gill surface of the two cra species investigated.

We detected the constant presence along the latitudinal transect of uniue core microiomes specific to each of the two species. At all three latitudes the two communities were dominated y uncultured actinoacteria distantly related to the genus Ilumatobacter while another relevant group the Rhodoacteraceae was represented y different operational taxonomic unit Ts along the transect. These acteria are firmly attached to the gill surfaces with dense filaments and show a uniform coloniation pattern on the surfaces of the gill lamellae. The possile function of these acteria is discussed in the light of their phylogenetic affiliation localiation on the gill surfaces and the iogeographical pattern oserved along the latitudinal gradient.

ontact Information arco usi AST P.. ox Thuwal ingdom of Saudi Araia 99 Phone 99 mail marco.fusiaust.edu.sa

109 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

Leon Y.F. Gaw1, Matthew Linkie2, Daniel A. Friess1 epartment of eography ational niversity of Singapore Singapore auna lora International Singapore

Since its watershed election in yanmar stands at an economic and environmental crossroads. yanmar is a gloal iodiversity hotspot and contains large tracts of forest though much of it is experiencing rapid deforestation that may increase further under expected future political and economic reforms. angrove forests in yanmar exemplify this situation where large tracts of mangroves have already een lost in Rahine and Ayeyarwady. The lac of accessiility to Tanintharyi yanmar’s southernmost state has however spared it from the same rapid development that has decimated forest covers in the other two mangrove regions.

In this study we uantified land cover dynamics in the coastal one of Tanintharyi southern yanmar etween 99 and . We too a remote sensing approach classifying six andsat scenes over five time periods and ran a change detection of its mangrove forests. In terms of coarse areal extent Tanintharyi seems to have experienced very little loss in mangrove cover compared to other regions of yanmar losing only .% over years. owever this view hides large loss and gains which vary across the study site. yei district experienced the greatest area of deforestation m over years ut also gained m. angroves were generally deforested for awei and awthoung ut its gains are comparale to losses such that the net loss is minimal. ost of the losses are to rice agriculture expansion especially in the districts of awei and yei. ew auacultural farms uilt in mangroves are also driving losses near the towns of yei and awthoung.

Thus even politically isolated regions of yanmar such as Tanintharyi have experienced complex land cover transitions. While the loss of mangroves within our study period has een low it and other land cover change is expected to increase rapidly in the near future as the political situation in Tanintharyi stailies and international investors implement plans for largescale agricultural commodity production and industrial and port development. nderstanding historical aseline land cover change is essential for designing evidenceased conservation interventions that can protect southern yanmar’s mangrove forests in the face of these new threats.

ontact Information eon aw epartment of eography ational niversity of Singapore Arts in Singapore mail leongawnus.edu.sg

110 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

AVICENNIA RHIZOPHORA Lucy G Gillis1, Martin Zimmer1, an Tjeerd Bouma2 en ener or roa arne oog remen erman e oa eerans nse or ea esear ersee eerans

angrove oress are oae n e amen areas o e erresra one an an e aaen o oean eossems seagrass es an ora rees ese oress are og o rove an eossem serve reanng arae organ maera o aae nren sensve seagrass es an ora rees oever e s a sar o noege o e roesses onro reenon o n s s sng a me an mm mangrove roos e oe o en sa resene or asene o aves ragmenaon o eaves roo e an ema egraaon o eaves roesses onro e reenon o r s on a e maor o egrae eaves ere reane n Rhizophora an Avicennia mm roos n Rhizophora mm roos rae res ragmene eaves er sa rvers s as se o ragmens roo e an resene o aves soe a sgnan erene n rang r ress rs nae e morane o organsms n e mangrove ores a aer e sa an ema srre o e ea s e overs o e ores s va n reanng eon e onaon o e ree sees an e ronams ang on e roos e moran n e rang aa o e ores en resorng or onservng mangrove ores o aae seagrass es or ora rees en s va a managers an senss onser ese arameers e ave ene o ensre s maor eossem serve e erng o nren sensve aaen eossems s nonng

ona normaon s enrm r arne roenooge angrove oog arenesrae remen erman one ma gsmremene

111 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

Nisse A. Goldberg, and John N. Heine asonve nvers asonve

e enoog o e re mangrove Rhizophora mangle as no een se or s oaon a e norern m o s range e measre rerove eor o Rhizophora mangle rom a oaon oae n e ana oomao aanas aona sarne esear eserve an omare s o aerns oserve n soern ora

e nmers o s oers rs an roages ere reore or eg o e mos onssen rerove as er mon rom ne o ovemer aen roages ere agge nmere es rvvors o aen roages rers nvas eaves an venes nvas eaves an ranes as ane

e average nmer o oer s rom ese as as ges n gs s er a an oes n srng mons e average nmer o oers as ges n eemer o an an oers er a reseve an oes n ner an srng mons rs ere resen a earron an ere ges n oer o an an rs er mangrove an average mamm r eng o m e nmer o roages on e rees as ges n eemer o an an roages er mangrove ver e n ner mons an average mamm roage eng o m rng e s ero o e agge roages o agge rers an eren o agge venes remane an ersse n a e meers o e aren a e roages a no srvve or ere mssng soe evene o eng srae or ara onsme an anoer ere omee re e rers a no srvve or ere mssng ere ara onsme an ere omee re

Rhizophora mangle n so ora a more sree an earer eros o oerng an rng as omare o e oaon se a or eame oers s ere greaes n srng mons n so ora as omare o amn mons n e norern oaon oerng as een orreae o oer an rer mons oers ere greaes n ne rog eemer n so ora as omare o eemer rog ovemer n e roages ere resen rng e e season oer or o oaons roages roe rng e eros o ger es n ner mons oever ess an a e agge roages ere naone or an e serse rom e aren an ose a srvve o a vene sage ere e o erss ven e rerove eor an srvvors o R. mangle an oer mangrove sees resen e sa mars ommn s e o onne o ranson o a mangroveomnae nera ommn onoman anges n ro e srre an energ o nams

ona normaon sse oerg asonve nvers nvers v asonve one ma ngoee

112 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

Gabriela B. Nardoto1, Carla R. G. Reis1 and Rafael S. Oliveira2 nversae e rasa rasa nversae saa e amnas amnas

angroves rove severa eossem goos an serves o soe oever mangrove areas are reen see o an onverson overarvesng oon an are aso reaene goa nreases n reave nrogen r reaon mng o rove se normaon o re mas o r enrmen on mangroves e rove an ae overve on e genera aerns o nams n mangrove oress rom revos sness an avane on e nersanng o nams n mangroves evaang erenes n nams eeen mangrove sogra es n e meras an aeraons o nams oong enrmen ene an eensve reve o e erare an evaaon o a goa aaase

e oee an evaae erare aa on nrogen ransormaon raes n semen ooga nrogen aon mneraaon ammonaon nraon enraon an voaaon ssove es aross e semenaer nerae an nara anane o sae sooes (δ15N) in the soilan ssem n onserve mangroves an ose see o anroogen enrmen aa ere oane rom ses oang mangrove ses omrsng areas n e an ean arean ea o eo an noa oass

omare o erresra roa oress mangroves an ssan smar or even ger raes o ooga aon an ger enraon an nros oe raes angroves an aso e g een sers o orms rom a aers reae o ra an ae an an een onservaon o n semen mroa av e man aors mng ransormaon raes n mangrove sediment are DIN availability and microbial immobilization in sediment. The δ15N data indicated that rnge oress e ger ransormaon raes n semen an ger osses o amosere omare o oer mangrove ores es e or a oer ransormaon raes n mangrove semen seem o e nense nreasng avaa

ona normaon ara oera onaves es nversae e rasa nso e nas ogas sa ore sro eera one ma arargresgmaom

113 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

Patrick Grootaert1, Jayanthi Puniamoorthy2, Maosheng Foo3, and Meier, Rudolf4 nomoog oa egan nse o ara enes rsses egm earmen o ooga enes aona nvers o ngaore ngaore ee ong an ara sor sem aona nvers o ngaore ngaore ee ong an ara sor sem an earmen o ooga enes aona nvers o ngaore ngaore

aonae e emora aor or assessmen o overs n roa eossems s a negee an nnon aor angroves n ngaore are se as moe or nse enoog an or an ne s o nse vers n a sme roa marne ores eossem

eos nses ere oee rng a monong samng amagn aase ras n n mangroves n ngaore samng saons n orer eer nersan e reaons eeen ragmen se sees anane an vers n aon a nonso oear samng n ses samng saons n mangroves an erresra reerene saons rove normaon on oaon nams an vers

ess nse gros ere srvee an nse enoog genera seems o een on e monsoons eg eees over es roer es an orse es avng er ges av rng e rer eros e oer gros s as ooo es are mos ave rng e ran seasons oooae o e reaos arvae ve n e mas an e as n or sma nvereraes on e mas rove o e goo onaors or se a assessmen eng one o e mos anan an verse gros se or mroaas as son n anass rng o samng amagns semens eongng o ooo sees ere oee e oa species number of dolichopodids for Singapore’s mangroves is estimated (EstimateS) to be at least 215. ene o e eee sees rness as on rng e roe n ea o e ses ao sees ere on aaren eng e nona reso n sees ere ommon o a ses

onson a sees as s on av neenen o e monsoons s renerng sor me samng raer nsgnan or a son sasa se a assessmen or vers esmaon e ress memen aso a severa ses ave o e roee one ans o roe a omee mangrove ana

ona normaon ar rooaer oa egan nse o ara enes nomoog aersraa rsses egm one ma argrooaernarasenese

114 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

Xudong Guo, Hewei Zhao, Congjiao Peng, Naxu Hu, Luzhen Chen e aborator of the inistr of Education for oastal and etland Ecosstems and ollege of the Environment and Ecolog iamen niversit iamen 15 uian hina

angroves are facing the challenges about sea level rise accompaning ith global change. ifferent mangrove species have diverse adaptabilit to ater inundation among changing sea level according to different reactions of individual plants. n hina Sonneratia apetala uch.am. a nonnative mangrove species from angladesh has been idel used in mangrove afforestation for ears. native Kandelia obovata Sheue iu and ong is another mangrove afforestation species in hina because of its strong cold tolerance and high survival rate. hether there is a competition beteen these to mangrove species in future sea level scenarios is still unnon.

n the present stud e carried out a longterm field manipulated eperiment that assessing morphological and individual groth response of these to mangrove species to the inundation of rising sea level epected to occur in 1 ears. e gre seedlings of S. apetala ith cm tall and hpocotls of K. obovata in a marsh organ ith four elevation of sea level in hangiangou ature eserve in uian rovince of hina. here ere four elevation treatments simulated four sea levels had been set up including high ater () mean ater() lo ater() and loest lo ater() treatments corresponding to the elevation of the edge of natural mangrove distribution ( treatment) a cm rise that approimated current conditions ( treatment) a cm increase in sea level ( treatment) and a loer loest cm increase in sea level ( treatment) respectivel. Environmental factors such as air temperature ater temperature ater level ect. ere monitored on the spot. After half year’s culture, HW plants of S. apetala ere shorter narroer and produced feer branches than and treatments of S. apetala. eanhile and plants of S. apetala gre more rapidl than and plants respectivel. hile for K. obovata compare to loer plants plants ere shorter but ider and produced more branches and leaves. Similar to S. apetala and plants of K. obovata gre more rapidl than and plants but had little branches and leaves. oever S. apetala planted in each elevation treatments gre higher and ider than K. obobata. hese shortterm monitoring data suggested that inundation ould promote both S. apetala and K. obovata seedlings to gro taller hile and treatments depressed the biomass of both species. ore measurements ill be carried out in net to ears to mimic the longterm effects of sea level rise.

his stud as supported b a hinese ational atural Science oundation grants under contract o 1251 and o. 11 and b the undamental esearch unds for the entral niversities in iamen niversit under contract o. 2215.

ontact nformation udong uo ollege of the Environment and Ecolog iamen niversit iamen uian hina Email 52511.com

115 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

GENETIC DISCONTINUITIES IN A DOMINANT MANGROVE RHIZOPHORA APICULATA (RHIZOPHORACEAE) IN THE INDO-MALESIAN REGION E Zixiao Guo Sun Yat-sen University, School of Life Science

Aim Population genomics data was used to determine the genetic diversity, genetic divergence and genetic structure of the mangrove, Rhizophora apiculata, across its distributional range and to re-assess the evolutionary processes that shaped its current distribution.

Location The Indo-Malesian region section of the Indo-West Pacific region.

Methods Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology was used to sequence 81 nuclear loci from a pooled DNA sample of 31 to 44 individuals of Rhizophora apiculata from 11 populations. Five nuclear loci from six to eight individuals from 18 populations were sequenced using conventional Sanger sequencing technology to validate the results.

Results Genetic diversity at the population level was low (π and θ were less than 1.0x10-3 in most of the populations), but relatively high at the species level (π=2.419x10-3 and θ=1.362x10-3). The populations of R. apiculata in the Indo-Malesian region were genetically differentiated and grouped into three clusters: East Indian Ocean (EIO), South China Sea (SCS) and Australasia (AUA). Based on the genetic distance matrices, two genetic discontinuities were observed, and they correspond to the Malay Peninsula land barrier and the Wallacea zone. The admixture observed in populations from the Malacca Strait were attributed to asymmetric gene flow through the strait, which was simulated by the isolation- with-migration (IM) model.

Main conclusion Both the Sunda shelf barrier and ocean currents in Wallacea contributed to the observed genetic discontinuity, which separated R. apiculata into three clusters (SCS, EIO and AUA). The cycle between extinction and recolonization in the SCS in response to Pleistocene sea level fluctuations reduced the genetic diversity within populations. The repeated opening and closing of the gene flow corridors, such as the Malacca Strait, may have blurred the genetic discontinuities to an extent and introduced an admixture into populations in boundary areas.

Contact Information: Zixiao Guo, Sun Yat-sen University, School of Life Science, No. 135, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China, Guangzhou, Guang-dong 510275, China; Phone: 862084113677; Email: [email protected]

116 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

Matthew Hayes1a, Amber Jesse1, Nina Welti1, Basam Tabet1, Tomasz Wyczesany2, David Lockington1, Catherine E. Lovelock1 he nersty of ueenslan, t. uca, , Australa nersty of echnoloy, yney, Australa

he roots of anroe trees are perocally suere y seaater, yet eence for tree use of rounater an fresh atospherc ater sources, hch results n enefts for roth, s stron. rounater that s fresher than seaater an enrche n ntroen often eeres on the coasts at sea leel pron a resource to support the etaolc functon an roth of anroe forests. We assesse the effect of rounater on oass allocaton an ecoposton of a coon an esprea anroe, Acenna arna, throuh chanes n seasonal ater use, nutrent aalalty an salnty across an ntertal raent. sn analyss of δO and δ sotopes n tree ste ater e also assesse use of ffern ater sources. We foun rounater use y trees chane y season an the proporton of rounater use or use of seaater are oer the ntertal one. We foun the proportonal use of rounater ncrease aoeroun roth ut ha no effect on eloroun roth. eloroun roth as nfluence y nutrent aalalty across the ntertal one, ncreasn th ecreasn nutrent aalalty. ur research shos that rounater can nfluence nutrent aalalty an salnty n ntertal seents an that oass allocaton to roots ll e hher n the lo ntertal one here root roth s hh an rates of root ecoposton lo. he stron epenence of anroe trees on rounater es nsht nto ther ulneralty to local sturances of hyrolocal flos an ncates that chanes n rounater aalalty as result of clate chane or rounater etracton ll hae a lare effect on the functonn of anroe forests.

ontact nforaton atthe Hayes, he nersty of ueenslan, chool of olocal cences, he nersty of ueenslan, t uca, rsane, , , Australa, hone al h.attheu.eu.au

117 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

Ian W. Hendy1, Amaia G. Etxabe1, Jason A.Williams2 & Simon M. Cragg1 nsttute of arne cences, nersty of ortsouth, erry oa, Harte nsttute for ulf of eco tues, eas A nersty, orpus hrst, , A

f the total arne oe, less than s coere y eetate arne hatats, yet they contrute close to half of the caron ural n ocean hatats. f those eetate hatats, anroes account for . of that area, ut contan of the total caron accuulatn n ther seents. anroe forests then are etreely proucte, an anroe prouctty s often hher than that of nehourn nlan tropcal forests. he reaon, recycln an flu of nutrents fro lare ooy etrtus W n anroe forests are cause y a consorta of oeran oranss that rane n hatat fro terrestral to arne enronents. We reeal the role of oeran oranss n fallen oo an also the enronental factors that nfluence the struton of oeran consorta thn the anroe forests of ast ulaes, nonesa. Wthn the hh ntertal, saprophytc ecay upon W as onant. eetle larae an tertes ere also aunant n ecayn oo n the hh ntertal, an also n the ntertal. n the lo ntertal arne ooorers, shpors ere the onant oeraers of W, an ther actty reatly reuce the olue of W. n the anroe forests, erson te as the reatest enronental factor that nfluence the struton of the oeran consorta spannn fro the hh ntertal on to the lo ntertal. he consorta of oeran oranss share the sae W enronent ut they occupy a fferent nche areas of fferent heht aoe sea leel. he chane of oeran consorta n W eteen the terrestral an the arne oranss as stnct, creatn a oeraaton ounary n a stance as narro as one eter on the anroe forest floor – hhlhtn ssues th clate chane for oth anroe flora an fauna.

ontact nforaton an Heny, he nersty of ortsouth, oloy, he nsttute of arne cences, erry oa, ortsouth, Hapshre, ,nte no, hone al an.henyport.ac.u

118 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

Mark W. Hester, and Jonathan M. Willis

Rhizophora mangle Languncularia racemosa Avicennia germinans

119 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

Sharyn M. Hickey1,2, Stuart R. Phinn3, Catherine E. Lovelock4,5, Nik J. Callow1 and Jeff Hansen1,2, Carlos M. Duarte2,6

120 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

(LAGUNCULARIA RACEMOSA) Duncan J. E. Hill1, John M. Kovacs1, 2 and Francisco Flores-de-Santiago3

(Laguncularia racemosa)

121 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

Richard Hodel

Rhizophora mangle Avicennia germinans Laguncularia racemosa

key differences between the three species’ habitats. —

122 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

GEUKENSIA GRANOSISSIMA Derrick S. Hudson, and Susan S. Bell niersity f th rida apa

he sthern ribbed sse Guekensia granosissima, is a fiterfeedin biae cny fnd assciated with sat arsh rasses yster reefs and anade strctres thrht the f f eic aribbean ea and esser nties. he sthern ribbed sse is cnsidered priariy t be a satarsh inhabitant with n dcentatin describin this species within the anre syste. weer a ppatin f G. granosissima has been discered within the rt syste f a ied anre frest f Rhizophora mangle red anres and Avicennia germinans back anres in apa ay . ien the ack f infratin n G. granosissima and its distribtin within the anre syste we eained seect ppatin characteristics f a G. granosissima ppatin in a ied anre assebae in apa ay .

sin descriptie sreys the fwin estins were epred w des the reatinship between G. granosissima sie density and patch sie ary with anre rt type rt density and tida eeatin perients t be cndcted in prin wi frther eaine the fwin estin re the wer natin patterns dispayed by G. granosissima strny shaped by predatin his wrk wi pride the first reprt f featres cntrin ppatins f the sthern ribbed sse in sbtrpica anre habitat

escriptie sreys were cndcted eery nths er a nth perid within a stdy area f in enth. he srey tiied . adrats paced n sse patches assciated with red and back anres at tw different tida heihts . abe and . abe within each f pts. ithin each adrat a isay apparent anre rts were cnted and the enth and width f each sse patch was easred. r each adrat c f the sse patch was ecaated enumerated, and each mussel’s shell length measured.

nitia findins estabish the fwin atch sie sse density and rt density decreased with increased tida heiht he reatest densities f sses and arest patches were fnd within sft sedients srrndin pneatphres f back anres he sses are predinatey attached t the absrptie rts nt the abe rnd strctre f either anre type cear pattern f wer iit natin apparent at . abe and ie cass distribtin skews arer as tida heiht increases.

his stdy prides a baseine f G. granosissima ppatin characteristics in anre systes. tre wrk wi increase r nderstandin f hw this species tiies the anre habitat and ay be an iprtant cpnent fr deepin ftre cnseratin effrts f Geukensia spp. in trpica reins especiay fr th erican anre habitats where Geukensia spp. is an inader.

ntact nfratin Derrick S. Hudson, Master’s Student, Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida . wer ene apa rida . hne ai derrickshdsnai.c

123 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

Laura C. Hundy1, Michael J. Osland2, Kereen Griffith3, Richard H. Day2, Ken W. Krauss2, Camille L. Stagg2, James B. Grace2, Rebecca J. Howard2 Hundy onsulting Services at U.S. eological Survey, afayette, , US U.S. eological Survey, afayette, , US riffith onsulting Services at U.S. eological Survey, afayette, , US

ithin the contet of climate change, there is a need to etter understand the influence of macro climatic drivers, such as temperature and rainfall regimes, on tidal saline etland ecosystem structure and function. he term tidal saline etland includes mangrove forests, salt marshes, and salt flats, hich are all haitats that occupy similar geomorphic settings ut different climatic regimes. lthough climatic factors greatly influence aoveground iomass and soil caron processes in tidal saline etlands, most evaluations of the gloal variation in these ecosystem attriutes have treated mangroves, marshes, and salt flats as different systems that operate independently. Moreover, most of these previous analyses have utilied climatic proies for eample, latitude rather than relevant climatic variales. he direct use of climatic variales, hich have recently ecome availale, along ith a holistic treatment of mangroves, salt marshes, and salt flats as one group tidal saline etlands ill e necessary to understand the potential structural and functional conseuences of climatedriven ecological transitions eteen these haitats. In this study, e developed a literaturederived dataset of iomass and soil caron density in mangroves, salt marshes, and salt flats. e used these data to eamine the influence of rainfall and temperature regimes on aoveground iomass and soil caron density. s mangroves are highly sensitive to freeing temperatures, e hypothesied that temperature minimum ould e strongly related to aoveground iomass, and that the highest iomass ould e found in tropical locations ith high temperatures and aundant precipitation. Since mangroves and salt marshes are oth highly productive ecosystems in areas ith high rainfall, e postulated that soil caron density ould e similar in oth ecosystems. ur findings supported oth of these hypotheses. here as no difference in soil caron density eteen these to systems, and aoveground iomass displayed a non linear threshold response to inter air temperature etremes as mangrove forests ere replaced y salt marshes. ollectively, our analyses uantify important climatecoastal etlands linkages that can e used to etter understand and prepare for the ecological implications of climate change.

ontact Information aura . Hundy, U.S. eological Survey, etland uatic esearch enter, aundome Blvd., afayette, , US , hone , mail lhundyusgs.gov

124 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

KROPOTKIN’S GARDEN: PANTPANT AND ANIAPANT AIITATION IN ANGROE EOSSTES Mark Huxham1 Martin Skov2, and Richard Hartnoll3 dinurgh apier University, U Bangor University, U iverpool University, U

cological theory suggests facilitation is most likely to occur in physically stressed, lo productivity environments. here aiotic conditions are enign and productivity is high competition is typically the dominant determinant of community structure. Mangroves present a theoretically interesting case study for facilitation since they need to cope ith a range of physiological stresses – including ave impact, lo oygen and high salinity – and yet often achieve very high rates of productivity. he types of facilitation found in these ecosystems, and the degree to hich facilitatory effects outeigh those of competition, ill therefore vary depending on local settings and could provide useful insights to facilitation theory in general. Understanding facilitation in mangroves also offers practical enefits. For eample, removal of mangroves can result in a range of undesirale changes including sediment erosion, acidsulphate soils and hypersalinisation. atural regeneration of such areas may e impossile and restoration is often difficult, ut understanding ho to facilitate ne mangrove groth can help in achieving this.

Facilitation eteen individuals may occur through a numer of mechanisms. hese include a amelioration of physical stress, such as desiccation improved access to nutrients c provision of refuges from competition and predation, or provision of suitale haitat. ll these mechanisms operate ithin mangroves and ill e considered in this paper eamples include the role of nurse plants in early estalishment physical stress, the positive effects of plant density on nutrient supply through sedimentation and the reduction of anoic stress through cra urroing nutrients and physical stress. hilst such effects have een shon in singlesite studies it is unclear ho uiuitous they are e ill eamine the evidence for ho these interactions vary eteen sites and along stress gradients. hole system facilitatory effects, in hich key memers of the flora and fauna generate the conditions necessary for ecosystem persistence and epansion, can emerge from these individualased mechanisms ut may also arise as the aggregated effects of other iological and physical mechanisms represented at larger scales. Sedimentation and the control of surface elevation in mangrove ecosystems represents an eample. Such effects may sho sharp thresholds, determined for eample y the density or sie of forests, eyond hich the system may change rapidly understanding and predicting such threshold effects remains an important research oective for mangrove ecology.

In this paper e revie the current evidence for facilitation in mangroves and present some of our on ork in this area, on plantplant and plantanimal interactions. e discuss ho evidence for facilitation in mangrove ecosystems aligns ith current ecological theory and hether this theory allos predictions of here facilitatory interactions should predominate. e also consider ho practical and theoretical understandings of facilitation might help ith mangrove conservation and restoration.

ontact Information Mark Huham, dinurgh apier University, School of ife Sport and Social Sciences, Sighthill ampus, dinurgh, H, B, United ingdom, hone mail m.huhamnapier.ac.uk

125 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

DRIERS O ANGES IN EOSSTE SERIES O TE SNDARANS ANGROE EOSSTE IN ANGADES Mohammad Mahmudul Islam and Atikur Rahman Sunny

The Sundarbans is the world’s largest mangrove ecosystem that stretches across Bangladesh and India.

+880821761952

126 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

INENE O INREASED O ONENTRATIONS AND SEAEE RISE ON EA GAS EANGE PARAETERS – GREENOSE EPERIENTS Cyril Marchand1, Adrien Jacotot1,2, Michel Allenbach2,3 Insitut de echerche our le veloement ouma ouvellealdonie niversit de la ouvellealdonie ouma ouvellealdonie abe orail

angroves are hyer roductive habitats located on intertidal areas and thereore may be imacted by uture climate change. mong the dierent scenarii the more liely is that we can eect an atmosheric concentration o more than m in and over at the end o the century. e can anticiate a direct ositive eect o increased levels on the roductivity o the mangrove trees which would stimulate the hotosynthetic activity and ossibly the carbon storage caacity o the ecosystem. The main issue should come rom the increase in sea level estimated to be between . to . m or which would enorce the ecosystem to colonie other oened saces behind the oreshore. owever coastal urban eansion restricts this settlement by occuying the available sace. In addition mangroves would use a lot o energy to alliate the increasing salinity in order to survive and to continue their eansion and it is thinable that there will have a reorganiation o the secies comosition o the mangrove stands.

The lac o studies on the eects o climate change on mangroves currently does not allow to conclude on ecosystem develoment abilities. ithin this contet we are develoing a multivariable aroach to simultaneously evaluate the eects o increased atmosheric and sealevel rise on two common secies vicennia marina and hiohora stylosa. This study is conducted in ew aledonia where three elevated greenhouses in which the length o tidal immersion can also be controlled were built to simulate the conditions in which mangroves will growth at the end o the st century. ore than seedlings o each secies are ollowed. To study the eects o these two environmental arameters a slitlot design with enrichment as rimary treatment and an increase in length o tidal immersion as secondary treatment was chosen.

or this study we investigate in articular the gas echange arameters as or eamle the echange rate the transiration rate the total conductance or or even water use eiciency which are direct witnesses o eects o the increased concentration. e also ollow the evolution o the trees growth and biomass as well as their hysiological changes. This wor would rovide imortant data that will hel to understand the uture evolution o mangroves.

ontact Inormation drien acotot Institut de echerche our le veloement ouma ouvellealdonie hone mail adrien.acototird.r

127 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

Dean S. Janiak1, Richard W. Osman2, Valerie Paul1 Smithsonian arine Station t. ierce S Smithsonian nvironmental esearch enter dgewater S

oastal ecosystems worldwide are changing raidly and will continue to do so or the oreseeable uture. The majority of the world’s human population is found along the coast and as the population grows so will the rise in shoreline alteration including increases in construction o artiicial structures. eending on substratetye and location artiicial habitats can either be more or less diverse though tyically they are comrised o more nonnative secies. The Indian iver agoon I is located on the eastern shore o central lorida and is one o the most diverse estuaries in orth merica. angroves line a large ortion o the shoreline within the I and rovide essential habitat or ish and a variety o invertebrates. In comarison a relatively small ortion o the I is comrised o artiicial structures including docs marinas and seawalls. Both artiicial structures and the ro roots o mangroves rovide a similar unction as substrate or eibenthic secies. To eamine the relationshi between artiicial and natural habitat we have been monitoring sites uarterly within a large ortion o the northern I. t each site either samles o mangrove ro roots or video transects taen in artiicial habitat were used to assess the abundance and diversity o eibenthic secies over time. t each site standardied recruitment anels were also deloyed to monitor and comare coloniation o secies in sace and time. esults suggest that both eibenthic communities and individual taa ollow strong satial atterns throughout the lagoon and that these atterns remain somewhat consistent through time articularly or the dominant secies. verall there are signiicant dierences in communities inhabiting the dierent substrate tyes although in most cases the aarent dierences are due to relative abundances rather than secies comosition.

ontact Inormation ean ania Smithsonian arine Station Seaway r t. ierce nited States hone mail aniadsi.edu

128 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

– Tim C. Jennerjahn1, C.E.V. Carvalho2, A. Kumar3,4, A.L. Ramanathan3, C.E. Rezende2, and S.M. Sappal1,3 eini enter for Tropical arine cology remen ermany niersidade stadual do orte luminense ampos rail awaharlal ehru niersity ew elhi ndia entral niersity of ajasthan ishangarh ndia

n times of still increasing greenhouse gas emissions the search for and uantification of caron sins is gaining more attention n this contet lue caron the organic caron stored in the marine realm comes into focus egetated coastal haitats such as mangroe forests saltmarshes and seagrass meadows are identified as the most efficient lue caron sins ut are also declining at alarming rates due to human interentions and climate change

The intertidal mangroe forests are among the most productie ecosystems on earth and recent studies highlighted that major part of their caron is stored in sediments oweer the ariaility in caron accumulation rates is ery high and accordingly the uncertainty in total caron storage in mangroes The aerage annual gloal mangroe caron storage is on the order of Tg yr

hat complicates the uantification of caron storage is the fact that mangroes are in continuous echange with adjacent terrestrial and marine ecosystems meaning that part of the deposited caron is imported n particular during the nthropocene mangroes receie high amounts of terrestrial inputs from heaily modified landscapes s a conseuence part of the stored caron is deried from eroded hinterland soils and partly ery old ie it is not necessarily newly fied from the atmosphere n order to determine mangroe and hence gloal caron udgets accurately it is therefore necessary i to distinguish etween and to uantify oth the autochthonous and allochthonous portions and ii to determine the age of caron stored in mangroe sediments

e proide eamples from mangroe settings displaying the high ariaility in i caron accumulation and ii contriution of allochthonous caron oncentration accumulation rate and allochthonous input can ary y an order of magnitude on a meter to ilometer scale within one mangroe setting as osered for eample in the itchaaram comple ndia and the mangroefringed egara naan agoon aa ndonesia

e discuss our data in the gloal contet with emphasis on i the ariaility of sedimentary caron storage in mangroes across the tropical elt ii the releance of mangroe caron storage with respect to alancing fossil fuel emissions and iii the releance of caron release from mangroe destruction

ontact nformation Tim ennerjahn eini enter for Tropical arine cology ahrenheitstrasse remen ermany hone mail timjennerjahnleinimtde

129 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

Cora Ann Johnston, and Daniel S Gruner niersity of aryland ollege ar

here mangroes encroach into temperate salt marshes the change in foundation species and accompanying structure and production liely alters the haitat landscape for marine communities here mangroes and marshes cooccur on Florida’s Atlantic coast, we monitored neton to determine whether haitat associations are distinctie in the ecotone landscape e isolated physical structure from production to inestigate their independent influences on community formation and persistence ommunities were most distinctie y site ut also emerged at patch and supatch leels indicating detectale structuring from the scales of ilometers to less than a meter This suggests that community formation is influenced y dominant landscape egetationgeographic location egetation patches and physical haitat structure ifferences were drien y a small suset of the species sampled enaeid shrimp aridean shrimp swimming cras goies mangroe cras amphipods and isopods were the most responsie trongly associated species were often present een where mangroe patches are small and emergent The distinct community structure indicates predominant influences of enironmental filtering andor nicheased sorting helping to eplain fast and accurate haitat tracing along the epanding mangroe edge The differences in neton associations also indicate that species population dynamics and community composition are liely to change as mangroes displace marshes

ontact nformation ora nn ohnston niersity of aryland lant ciences uilding ollege ar hone mail coraumdedu

130 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

AVICENNIA MARINA Daniel Solomon Kahsay1, Matthias Wolff 2, Zekeria Abdulkerim3 nirsit o rn, rn ran ntr or arin roical colo , rn, ran oll o arin cinc and cnolo, assaa, ritra

ct o nricnt on t sdlins o t anro Avicennia marina as studid in a ild stud in a udlat intrtidal in irio illa coastlin, nar t ton o assaa, ritra dlins r rtilid it itr , , rtilirs or itout rtilir as a control rou in a locd dsin lot rancin attrn, la nurs and stlnt asurnts r tan durin o rot nl sdlins rancd o siniicant dirnc as dtctd in t stlnt analsis, ut tr as idnc o nancd rot in t sdlins iosd it rtilirs ara rot rat at t snt as or tan c s or t rou, c s or t rou, c s or t rou and c s or t control rou Altou t control rou did a a lor rat o rot ro an o t tr otr tratnts, t dirnc as not statisticall siniicant a nurs counts r siniicantl dirnt (p˂0.05) onl durin t scond count o stud ut did not so dirnc at t nd o t stud rall, tr as a coincidin riod o incrasd rot in t nutrint nricd rou o sdlins is it caus o t nutrints in asd aa and tir cts rducd toards t nd o t stud ass sdlin dat occurrd roal causd cssi inundation tis and du to also ncrustin o arnacls rsults o tis stud sust tat tr it otr actors rsnt in dtrinin t istnc o anros in t stud ara

ontact noration anil oloon asa, nirsit o rn, onrtr , , rn, ran on ail danilsoloaooco

131 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

Tadashi Kajita1, Koji Takayama2, Gustavo Maruyama Mori1,3, Alison Kim Shan Wee4, Junya Ono5 and Takashi Yamamoto5 rioot tation, roical iosr sarc ntr, nirsit o t uus, inaa, AA usu o atural and nironntal istor, iuoa, AA aoratrio d Anlis ntica olcular, – A, A oll o Forstr, uani nirsit, annin, uani, A raduat cool o cinc, ia nirsit, ia, , AA

ntic dirsit is on o t tr lls o iodirsit alon it cosst and cis dirsitis or, ntic dirsit is aid lss attntion to consration tan t otr to Altou t “genetic” information is fundamental to all livin oraniss, and it as t ain suct o t Aici Biodiversity Target 13, we still don’t have any concrete idea about conservation of genetic diversity even or cultiatd and ndanrd scis ntic dirsit o anros is n aid lss attntion, caus an scis o anros ar, in nral, coon and idsrad or, t raid and loal loss o anros alars to inisil loss o ntic dirsit o anros o undrstand t rsnt status o ntic dirsit o anros on a loal scal, rot actions r ruird As an attt to sd or lit on t ntic dirsit o anros, initiatd intrnational collaoration on consration ntics o anro in Asia as ll as in t orld in t s inc , stalisd an ntrnational tor or onsration ntics o anros suortd t aan ocit or t rootion o cinc and andd t rsarc roct ntor aid to roid a id scal undrstandin o t ntic dirsit o aor anro coonnt scis o t nus Rhizophora, Bruguiera, Xylocarpus, Sonneratia and Acrostichum lod looraic aroacs in attts to collct oulation sals it a ood cora o t ol distriution ran o ac scis, to us arious as ll as coaral olcular tods suncin o cA and nucA, and icrosatllit arrs to all scis rous, and to ral ntic structurs o aor anro scis to undrstand coon actor tat sad t data a otaind to dat so tat dsit idr distriution rans o distriution, anros a lss ntic dirsit tan otr lants ntic ariation o so scis o anros ar it d istor so scis sod siilar attrn o ntic structur n lo aon oulations ar lss runt tan ctd asd on ts indins, sust tat consration units asd on t ntic structur o so scis and urtr studis on adati ntic arrs to aluat t units

ontact noration adasi aita, rioot tation, roical iosr sarc ntr, nirsit o t uus ara, atoico, aaaun, inaa, , AA on , ail aitaailrudai

132 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

RHIZOPHORA APICULATA XYLOCARPUS GRANATUM

M M Hoque1, M K Abu Hena1, M H Idris1, O H Ahmed2, M M Billah1, M H Nesarul1, and M K A. Bhuiyan1 1eartment of nimal cience and ishery, aculty of griculture and ood ciences, niversiti utra alaysia Bintulu arawa amus, Bintulu, arawa, alaysia eartment of ro cience, aculty of griculture and ood ciences, niversiti utra alaysia amus Bintulu, Bintulu, arawa, alaysia

esearches investigating the decay rates of nonleafy comonents in troical mangroves are scarce worldwide, esecially in alaysia Thus, this study was carried out to determine the decay rates of hiohora aiculata and ylocarus granatum nonleafy comonents along with leaves in ibuti mangrove, arawa, alaysia during dry and wet months The litterbag method and lson eonential model were alied to determine the decay rates or leaves, the decomosition attern of both the secies was found to be similar to those reorted in the literature, while the rate of decomosition for nonleafy comonents were rather different The initial weight loss of all the comonents was raid u to days and then gradually became slow until at the end of the eeriments, esecially for nonleafy comonents cet leaves degradation in dry months for both the aiculata and granatum, the higher microbial degradation rate was found for stiule, flower, roagule and twig litters in wet months The slow decay rates of maimum litter comonents for both the secies were ositively related with higher content of lignin, suggesting the rofound influence of lignin on the rate of litter decomosition rocesses ecay constants of almost all the litter comonents for both the secies were found to be varying among the comonents, and within the secies owever, ecet the decomosition of flower for aiculata and leaf for granatum, the other litter comonents of both the secies did not vary significantly between dry and wet months The halflife T and lifesan T of non leafy comonents of both the secies lie flower, roagule, stiule and twig were remarably high comared to the leaves This suggests that the nonleafy comonents lay significant roles in nutrient cycling rocesses at later stages in the mangrove ecosystems, esecially when the leaf litters are either being decomosed raidly andor washed away via tidal flush and river runoff

ontact nformation bu ena ustafa amal, niversity utra, alaysia, nimal cience and ishery, yabau oad, Bintulu, arawa, alaysia, hone 3 mail hena1yahoocom

133 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

Md. Kamruzzaman1, Akira Osawa 1, Sahadev Sharma2, Mouctar Kamara1 aboratory of orest tiliation, raduate chool of lobal nvironmental tudies, yoto niversity, aan eartment of atural esources and nvironmental anagement, niversity of awaii at anoa, onolulu, ,

angrove honological study is imortant for understanding ecosystem functioning as well as the contribution of mangroves to nearshore roductivity inawa sland is near the northern most limit of the biogeograhical distribution of mangrove secies and its mangrove must coe with substantial changes in environmental factors owever, mangroves growing in the subtroical region of aan, have little information about the reroductive henology of the secies n light of these, we aimed to investigate and comare the reroductive henology of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Kandelia obovata, and Rhizophora stylosa in ano etland, inawa sland, aan, over five years The three mangrove secies of the hiohorace family focused on this study yielded reroductive organs throughout the entire annual cycle, with the ecetion of K obovata n case of B gymnorrhiza, flowers were observed throughout the year, with a massive roduction in etember, whereas roagule roduction was highest in ay and uly eroductive organs of K obovata followed a very secific monthly eriodicity, where flowers were observed from ay to ctober with the greatest abundance in ugust, and roagules were observed from arch to une with the massive abundance of mature roagule in ril to ay The highest roduction of flowers and fruits were observed in uly for R stylosa, whereas massive roduction of roagule was observed in etember The highest number of flowers was recorded in R stylosa ,3, ha1yr1 followed by K obovata and B gymnorrhiza owever, roagule setting was lowest in R stylosa as comared to B gymnorrhiza and K obovata The largest roagule sie length, diameter, surface area, and weight was also observed in R stylosa This was significantly different from that of B gymnorrhiza and K obovata ultile regression analysis showed that reroductive organs of the three secies were ronouncedly influenced by monthly mean air temerature and monthly day length ean roduction of reroductive organs in B gymnorrhiza, K obovata, and R stylosa was 11, , and 13 g ha1 yr1, resectively which contributed 3, 1, and 1 to the total litterfall, resectively

ontact nformation d amruaman, aboratory of orest tiliation, raduate chool of lobal nvironmental tudies, yoto niversity, 1, aan email amanduluyahoocom

134 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

Martin Keeley, and Alfredo Quarto angrove ction roect, ayman Brac, ayman slands

Ten years ago ichard ouv, in his boo Last Child in the Woods, coined the hrase ature eficit isorder to describe the disconnect of young eole with their natural world ow more than of the world’s population lives in cities dd to that the addiction of children to the screen – be it comuter, cell hone or T – and their detachment from the planet’s natural ecosystems becomes even more significant

ast year a hinese study of 1, families in si cities showed the full etent of ature eficit isorder in that country country which boasts five megacities with a oulation over 1 million and 1 with more than million The study showed that – as in the – hinese children sent over hours a wee staring at a screen ertainly not eloring the natural world

Marvellous Mangroves is a curriculumbased, handson science rogram which – since it started in 1 – has been introduced to thirteen countries worldwide Based on an award winning wetlands education rogram develoed in estern anada and the acific orthwest, the rogram emhasies indeth mangrove ecosystem eloration by teachers and their students

The 3 age manual has to be translated and adated for use in each country where it is introduced to interface with national and regional curriculum, lus incororate local flora, fauna, geology and geograhy t is introduced to local teachers through etended indeth worshos, and in turn to their students in the classroom and field through angrove lubs in each school

t is not enough to teach the true value of mangrove ecosystems through a suerficial means of communications osters, fliers, dislays, websites and oneday standalone field tris are not enough if we are going to change the focus and understanding of teachers, students and their communities n deth rograms lie arvellous angroves need to teach core values through traditional education systems to fight ature eficit isorder

This aer will review the imlementation of the Marvellous Mangroves rogram around the world

ontact nformation artin eeley, angrove ction roect, eneral elivery, ayman Brac, , ayman slands Tel 3 mail mangroveteacheryahoocom

lfredo uarto, angrove ction roect, Bo 1 ort ngeles, , 3 Tel 3 mail mangroveaolymusnet

135 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

John Paul Kennedy1 and Ilka C. Feller2 mithsonian arine tation t ierce mithsonian nvironmental esearch enter dewater

anroves are intertidal foundation species that influence both ecosystem function and associated community structure anrove encroachment into temperate salt marsh has been documented worldwide includin alon the ast coast of lorida lac manrove Avicennia germinans currently occupy the northernmost rane ede of all lorida manrove species and are proected to eperience further rane epansion in the future e present preliminary findins of our assessment of both enetic and morpholoical variation amon ten A. germinans populations that encompass this species’ ast lorida rane usin a combination of microsatellite molecular marers and functional leaf traits he results of this study provide baseline information on ast lorida A. germinans population structure and contribute to our understandin of the potential impacts a shift from salt marsh to manrove dominance may have on lorida coastal ecosystems

ontact nformation ohn aul ennedy mithsonian arine tation eaway rive t ierce hone mail ennedypsiedu

136 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

Erin P. Kiskaddon, and Susan Bell niesit o oth oia ampa

nestanin the actiit o heteotophic oanisms is citica in epoin ntient ccin an poctiit in sstems ie manoe oests anoe cas main o the ami esamiae ae consiee to e impotant aents o ntient ccin iect ain o pima poctiit in manoe oests semiteestia cas an othe etitioes is thoht to sstantia ece epot o ene to aacent aatic sstems hoee thee has een e itte consieation o ho ene is moe ana into aacent teestia sstems oeoe hie the asic stcte o manoe oo es is eatie eestablished for “Old World” (Eastern Hemisphere) systems, the speciic contributions of different components of “New World” (Western Hemisphere) mangrove food webs is not e escie

emiteestia cas ae iea o stin the connectiit eteen maine an teestia oo es ecase the ae iee as an impotant eneetic in he ha ca Armases cinereum ami esamiae, is a hih anant sesami ca that inhaits the coasta oest enthos o oia as e as the pan ecotone n this poect e compae the tophic oo es o to manoepan ecotone haitats one ith aacent nata pan oest haitat one ithot aacent o nea pan oest haitat in ampa a to assess hethe haitat connectiit impacts the tophic position o an ene tanse A. cinereum e eamine ho A. cinereum aciitates the tanse o caon acoss a manoepanoest inteace sin aoato peeence epeiments an ie ase isotopic technies aoato eein peeence epeiments assesse A. cinereum’s etitioos actiit ith ocaanant an intemie manoe species Rhizophora mangle, Laguncularia racemosa, Avicennia germinans at iein ees o ecomposition esh senescent patiaecompose an anant eetation an insect pe pesent at the manoeoest ecotone tae δC and δ isotopic anases ee se to eamine hethe eein peeences om the aoato epeiments sppote osee iease tophic oo es an as se to eea ho haitat chaacteistics inence tophic stcte

he ests om the aoato tias eeae that A. cinereum ehiite peeence o A. germinans manoe eaes at moe aance staes o ecomposition an this peeence as maintaine hen oee oth anant manoe an pan oest eetation oae options nsect pe as aoe oe a eetation oo aieties inicatin a possie itoen eiement to sppement an otheise heioos iet his omnioos eein ehaio as conime ith isotopic anasis in oth haitats eamine he stae δC and δ isotopic anases shoe s that the pesence o pan oest haitat inence the tophic position o A. cinereum, hich ma hae itnesseate an popation ee conseences o this species hs haitat connectiit ma e an inentia component in the aciitation o ene tanse acoss the maineteestia inteace o manoe oests

ontact nomation: Erin P. Kiskaddon, Master’s Student, Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida 4202 oe ene ampa oia hone mai eisaonmaicom

137 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

Judith C. Klein1 e ees u u e ee ue ue u u u Institute for esearch for Development, UM 0 MBE, University of Montpellier, France 2Institute of Environmental echnology, ietnam cademy of Science and echnology, Hanoi, ietnam ittoral, Environnement et Socits, UM 2 IENSs, NS University of a ochelle, a ochelle, France 4Institute of Ecology and Biological esources, ietnam cademy of Science and echnology, Hanoi, ietnam

In the tropical and subtropical regions of the world, the highly productive mangrove forests grow at the interface between land and sea. hese coastal ecosystems represent an important blue carbon sink as well as crucial habitat, nursery and spawning grounds for many terrestrial and auatic species. ecent studies have highlighted the fact that benthic communities play a largely underestimated role in the cycling of matter, nutrients and carbon within the mangrove ecosystem. However, the functioning of mangrove food webs still remains poorly studied and little information is available on the importance of herbivory in this threatened system. Previous work has suggested that mangrove trees were the main source of organic matter and that other sources merely played minor roles. ecent studies, however, have started to challenge this view. he present study investigated plantherbivore interactions at the individual and community level in a tropical estuarine mangrove ecosystem. he obectives were to (i) identify the stable isotope compositions (δC and δN) of primary producers and consumers to infer trophic relationships, (ii) determine the relative contribution of the different organic matter sources to the diet of each consumer, and (iii) test whether the dominant consumers change their diet depending on sie or habitat.

he presentation discusses the results from an observational field study on the natural isotopic composition of benthic primary producers and consumers. Field studies were conducted in the uan huy National Park situated in the densely populated ed iver delta Biosphere eserve in northern ietnam.

ontact information: udith Klein, Institute for esearch for Development, UM 0 MBE, University of Montpellier, cc0, Place Eugne Bataillon, 40 Montpellier cede , France. Phone: 002. Email: udith.kleinird.fr

138 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

– Nico Koedam uues e ms es m e e rie Universiteit Brussel (UB), Brussels, Belgium 2Universit ibre de Bruelles (UB), Brussels, Belgium Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, ecife, Brail

When the colonial enterprise of modern times, starting in Europe from the th – th centuries, ventured into the tlantic and Indian Ocean, Europeans first came in contact with mangroves. hough mangroves are a predominant vegetation type along many tropical coasts, first encountered by any maritime visitor approaching land, they left little record in early colonial records, let alone in graphical representation, at least in an unambiguous and recogniable way. he early colonial powers from Europe moving along tropical coasts, both in frica, sia and the New World, i.e. Portugal, Spain and the ow ountries (approimately th – th centuries) apparently showed little interest in the products from mangroves, which offered no mercantile or strategic interest, as may be documented through colonial tets. his is in stark contrast with the importance mangrove services must have had, also during those centuries, for local communities. No need was apparently felt to represent mangroves, even marginally, along other features of strategic interest or for curiosity in spite of striking mangrove features, at least to the modern observer. his neglect was slightly overcome when increasingly scientists, sometimes accompanied by good artists, started playing a role in the epeditions and colonial trade. rtists depicted flora and fauna by curiosity, for the markets in their respective home countries and for customers who were financing the colonial enterprise, but also to inventorise. he taonomic contet of this work often proves its usefulness until today. he artistic endeavour and taonomic survey was strongly stimulated by the various colonial companies, such as the Dutch and English East and West India companies. From that moment, information on natural features was paradoically both shared in a modern scientific process of communication, and kept ‘classified’ in view of potential mercantile interest. he process also included mangrove species, yet as a vegetation they remained largely unreported, because effective and naturalistic landscape painting only started in the th century in the ow ountries. We have studied how mangroves appear in the pictural (landscape) record on tropical coasts and set this against a background of colonial tets and early taonomy on mangroves. his includes pictural records which are to our knowledge the first representation of mangroves as a formation or landscape type.

ontact Information: Nico Koedam, aboratory of Plant Biology and Nature Management, rie Universiteit Brussel (UB), Pleinlaan 2, B00 Brussels, Belgium, Phone: 2224, Email: nikoedamvub.ac.be

139 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

– Nico Koedam1 m eems e u rie niversiteit russel , russels, elium niversit ire de ruelles , russels, elium

ou manrove forests ave often een descried as inospitale and even ostile places, tis is in contrast wit te eistence of communities livin near and even in tese ecosstems, worldwide e advantaes offered remoteness and ence securit, ut in particular te numerous direct use resources, oviousl outalance te ealt risks and te difficult accessiilit n view of tis close link of indienous communities wit manroves it is not unepected tat spiritual values ma also e attaced to manroves or to features witin manroves ndeed, te wa a modern oserver or scientist delineates manroves, eiter as a collection of tree species wit teir associated fauna, or as an assemlae, an ecosstem, is not te perception of a communit livin in and dependin on an interconnected comple of ecosstems uc a comple consistin of searass eds, as and creeks, coral reefs,… in a marineterrestrial ecotone constitutes a rane of products and services tat determine the community’s livelihood. Though communities solely dependin on manroves or eclusivel livin witin teir rane are proal rare or no loner eistin, spiritual values attaced to natural features includin tose associated wit manroves ma persist eond te close umanecosstem relationsip wic once eisted

e ave investiated weter suc values effectivel survived and could or sould e part of a full valuation sceme and also weter societal evolution, creatin a loss of direct dependence on manroves and oter natural features possil erodes spiritual sinificance ile spiritual values ma ave constituted an informal protection or incentive for conservation in te recent past, te erosion of suc values could result in a loss of respect and ence of earlier protection f tis is te case, wat are te conditions for te sustained protection of manroves in times of rapidl canin andor relict spiritual values ow can ecosstem and cultural loss e countered ointl it a focus on te ast frican coast and particularl aniar, we ive an overview of te sacred status or spiritual values in a coastal environment and eplore te role tis can pla in sustainale manaement

ontact nformation ico oedam, aorator of lant iolo and ature anaement, rie niversiteit russel , leinlaan , russels, elium, one , mail nikoedamvuace

140 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

John S. Kominoski e es e ms us e s e es em s ee es u u s e ues me ee se eartment of iological ciences, lorida nternational niversity, iami, , eartment of iology and iochemistry, niversity of ouston, ouston T, eartment of arine iology, Teas niversity at alveston, alveston T,

oastal ecosystems are significant stores of caron , and gloal increases in sea level rise , temeratures, and haitat loss threaten this ecosystem service. angroves are eanding to higher latitudes due to gloal arming and inland due to sealevel rise, dominating ecosystems reviously dominated y salt and freshater marsh communities. This ecosystem state change from grass and for dominated to oodydominated communities has unnon effects on aove and eloground storage. e outline a mechanistic frameor to test differential athays and drivers of changes in lant and soil in ecosystems transitioning from marsh salt and freshater to mangrove. iotic drivers are the triggers of ecosystem state changes, herey increases in minimum temeratures enale coldtolerant mangrove secies to eand oleard in salt marshes, and increases in and storm surge shift mangroves from the coast to inland freshater marshes. angroves themselves alter microclimate conditions through reduced eosure, reduced variation in temerature and light, increased organic matter entrainment, changes in soil iogeochemical and redo conditions, and changes in aove and eloground allocation. e eerimentally tested changes in aiotic and iotic arameters in estalished marsh or mangrove and transitional mied ecosystems in Teas and lorida, . n Teas, e used ten eerimental lots  m along a gradient of mangrove cover to to study ho lotlevel mangrove density affects atchlevel  m soil and lant stocs. e oserved declines in soil readon, deeer root allocation, and loer rates of sediment accretion in mangrove versus marsh soils. n lorida, e are comaring ho soil microial communities, mangrove and sagrass densities, and aove and eloground change along freshater to marine gradients. e are testing the folloing mechanistic frameor Teas mangroves enhance storage in coastal ecosystems through reductions in aiotic conditions that enhance loss and increased retention and deeer soil allocation than marsh lants, lorida under a secific aiotic condition freshater or marine, soils associated ith sagrass versus mangrove lants ill have dissimilar microial community structure and function rocessing rates that determine soil storage, hereas storage in the freshatermarine ecotone ill e determined y cometition among lants for hoshorus , and salinity tolerance and limitation of soil microial communities. loal climate changes are enaling mangroves to fundamentally change the structure of salt and freshater marsh ecosystems, ut differences in underlying aiotic conditions in these to ecosystem tyes determine the mechanisms that maintain mangrove dominance and alter ecosystem function.

ontact nformation ohn ominosi, lorida nternational niversity, th treet, iami, , , hone , mail ominosfiu.edu

141 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

John M. Kovacs1, 2 m ue u iissing niversity, eartment of eograhy, orth ay, , anada ames oo niversity, TroT entre, Tonsville , ustralia

iven the difficulties of monitoring mangrove forests in uasiermanent cloud covered regions of the orld e evaluate the use of various saceorne ynthetic erture adar systems for assessing the condition of these etlands folloing maor oil sill events. ecifically e eamined the use of al and, T and and yed and imagery for identifying the etent of damage incurred in mangrove forests resulting from to massive oil sill events in estern frica. rom the reliminary results e suggest that the avelength, incidence angle and olariation are all ey arameters that need to e considered if monitoring oil sill imacts on mangroves is to e successful. comarison ith assive satellite imagery ould indicate that ith the aroriate configuration, imagery alone could e used for maing the etent of damage incurred y these events as ell as for monitoring their recovery. e also sho ho the various tyes of mangroves, including the secies comosition, also need to e considered for accurately assessing the imacts from such catastrohic events.

ontact nformation ohn . ovacs, eartment of eograhy, iissing niversity, ollege rive, orth ay, , , anada, hone et. , mail ohnmniissingu.ca

142 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

Natividad F. Lacdan, e e e u e eartment of iology, , niversity of the hiliines anila

angroves, aside from seagrasses, are good natural filtering systems in marine environments. These are increasingly ecoming imortant ith the onslaught of imacts of climate changes. esite their significant role, mangroves are continuously eing threatened due to unsustainale use in the hiliines, one of the disaster centers of the orld. egular monitoring of mangrove forests ecomes imerative as these are good uffers to offset the damaging effects of storm surges and tsunamis. urrent floristic study of the mangroves of itay, Tagaayan, ueon as comared ith studies conducted in . sing four elt transects, nine true mangrove secies, egiceras floridum, vicennia officinalis, rugiera cylindrica, rugiera gymnorrhia, amtostemon hiliense, sornia octodonta, hiohora aiculata, hiohora mucronata, and onneratia ala ere identified. . ala as the imortant secies. n a scatter lot diagram shoing distinct onation atterns, . ala and . officinalis dominated the seaard and middleard sites, hile . mucronata dominated the landard fringe. egeneration of ildlings as high at , ildingsha. roductivity as lo, registering a leaf area inde of . and a net rimary roductivity of , tonshayr. omaring this current study ith the study, . ala remained the most imortant secies. . octodonta remained as the secies ith the highest regenerationha. hannoneiner iodiversity nde as . as comared to . in , indicating a decrease in iodiversity. arently, human disturances are the main contriutors to the decline in iodiversity. The study emhasies that more efforts e undertaen to conserve and manage the remaining mangrove stands in itio itay.

ontact nformation atividad acdan, niversity of the hiliines anila, eartment of iology, ial all, . aura t., rmita, anila, , hiliines, hone mail nlfyahoo.com

143 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

David Lagomasino1,2,* em euu ee muee e e es se ue niversities ace esearch ssociation, olumia, , oddard ace light enter, reenelt, , nited tates orest ervice, ordesville, , niversity of aryland, eartment of eograhy, ollege ar, , orld ildlife und for ature, ermany

angroves are highly regarded coastal forests ecause of their ecosystem services and high caron storage otential. n addition, these forests can develo raidly in some locations deending on environmental conditions and sediment suly. The nely estalished mangroves are considered to have higher groth rates than older, mature forests. oever, much of the information that eists for groth rates are confined to localied areas, individual trees, or seedling develoment. ince mangroves may colonie nely formed mudflats ithin deltaic coastlines, those areas rovide an ecellent asis to assess the develoment of the stand at the large scales. e used satellitederived surface elevation and land change data to estimate mangrove groth at regional and continental scales. reas of land generation ere determined y the difference in as measured from andsat imagery and sulemented ith ulished land cover change mas for and . The date of land generation as used as the initial tree height m. nnual canoy height groth rates ere estimated y the duration eteen land generation times and canoy height models derived from Tan radar interferometry and veryhigh resolution otical data collected in .

sing this aroach to assess mangrove canoy height groth, e comared mangrove forests in different geograhic river deltas the amei oamiue, ufii Tanania, and anges angladesh. reliminary results reort similar maimum groth rates ranging from . to . m er year for mangrove forests across the ndian cean. ean canoy groth rates of .. m er year ere also aralleled among each of the sites. The satial atterns of groth rates coincided ith characteristic successional aradigms and stream morhology, here the maimum groth rates tyically occurred along rograding cree ans. oth the vertical e.g., canoy height and horiontal e.g., eansion groth rates measured from remote sensing can garner imortant information regarding mangrove succession. ontinued research ill comine mangrove groth rates ith iomass concentrations in order to redict changes in caron stocs related to delta evolution.

ontact nformation avid agomasino, niversities ace esearch ssociation, T, oddard ace light enter, reenelt, , nited tates, hone mail david.lagomasinonasa.gov

144 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

Derrick Y.F. Lai u e eartment of eograhy and esource anagement, The hinese niversity of ong ong, hatin, ong ong , hina

hile coastal mangrove is regarded as one of the most caron rich ecosystems in the orld, there is a need to characterie the magnitude of different fractions of soil organic ools to facilitate a etter understanding of the laility of these stored . oreover, anthroogenic modifications of land cover for various uroses could alter the fractions and thus the soil seuestration otential of sites originally dominated y mangrove vegetation. n order to address the issue, e uantified the different fractions, including the active microial iomass , readily mineraliale , oidiale organic , ater hydrolysale carohydrate, acid hydrolysale carohydrate, otassium ermanganate oidiale, , slo ater stale aggregates mass fractions , articulate organic matter , , and assive humic acid , ools in the to cm soils at three different locations, namely a natural mangrove dominated y e , a reeded dominated y mes uss inside a tidal ond, and a are mudflat ith no vegetation. rresective of management ractices, the different fractions ere found to e higher in the to cm soils. verall, the magnitudes of various ools and fractions ere larger in the soils of the natural mangrove and reeded than in the mudflat, hich could e attriuted in art to the enhanced rate of root groth and rhiodeosition. lso, considerale differences in the relative amount of active and assive ools ere identified among the three sites, and the ossile causes of such variations ill e further discussed. ur findings demonstrate the imortance of taing into account the changes in land cover in maimiing the otential of mangrove soils in seuestering over the long term.

ontact nformation erric .. a, The hinese niversity of ong ong, eartment of eograhy and esource anagement, ong oo uan uilding, ong ong, , ong ong, hone , mail dyflaicuh.edu.h

145 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

Amy Langston ngineering chool of ustainale nfrastructure and nvironment, niversity of lorida, ainesville, ,

anifestations of climate change e.g., sea level rise, etreme eather events, and rising temeratures are changing the coastal landscae y altering the hysical conditions that affect the survival, distriution, and reroductive success of etland vegetation. uch changes are evident along Turtle ree, a tidal cree located in accasassa ay reserve tate ar along the ig end coast of lorida, here the decline of forested freshater islands and eansion of mangroves are simultaneously occurring due to climate change. ongterm field data collected along Turtle ree sho that forested freshater islands, historically characteristic to the ig end coast, cannot ithstand the comined effects of increased tidal flooding and etreme storm and drought events. oncurrently, sea level rise and feer freee events in this region are romoting the northard and landard eansion of mangrove oulations, maing the ig end coast a consicuous ecological transition one here climate change may e driving the relacement of one forest community y another.

n this or, e investigate the otential for relacement of forested freshater islands y mangroves y comaring mean roagule resonse across four landscae ositions cree edge, marsh lain, forested freshater island edge, and forested freshater island interior ithin and eteen three sites suect to different tidal flooding freuencies. ue to intense redation y cras, e are also testing the effectiveness of caging and roagule tethering in limiting cra redation across landscae ositions. inally, e are comlementing these field eeriments ith la eeriments investigating cra and roagule density thresholds on roagule survival and comaring the vulneraility of roagules and seedlings to cra redation. Though these eeriments are ongoing, to date our results sho that hile climate change may romote ottomu factors that favor mangrove encroachment in sites formally occuied y healthy forested freshater islands, todon factors, such as cra redation, may inhiit the eansion of lac mangroves into ne areas not adacent to estalished, highdensity mangrove oulations. These results can inform otential mangrove eansion atterns and demonstrate the lielihood of lac mangroves relacing forested freshater islands as the dominant etland forest along the ig end coastal fringe.

ontact nformation my angston, niversity of lorida, hels, ainesville, , , hone , mail amylangstonufl.edu

146 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

Joe S.Y. Lee m e riffith niversity old oast camus, ueensland, ustralia

The ecosystem services offered y mangroves, namely, coastal rotection, caron eortstorage, nursery function, ere evaluated ased on investigations relating function ith mangrove aundance at large satial scales m or higher. hile metrics related to forestscale measurements such as total area and tidal inundation attern do drive these services, characteristics of the trees determine the iology as ell as the hysics underinning these services. tructural comleity of the trees, articularly the aerial roots, of mangroves have long een attriuted to the efficient damening of ave hydrodynamic forces, shelter to uvenile neton from redators and etreme hysical conditions, as ell as traing of sediment and organic articles. The relationshi eteen this comleity and the caacity of mangrove forests for ecosystem services is, hoever, yet to e uantified, as no satisfactory indices for measuring and comaring satial comleity is availale.

e reorted a locost method for caturing and uantifying the satial comleity of mangrove stands at the scale of metres amal et al. . y caturing the comleity of mangrove aerial root structure in a digital model ith a high degree of realism, various analyses of atch characteristics ey to mangrove ecosystem services may e measured ith a high degree of accuracy. or eamle, the standing iomass of aerial roots may e estimated nondestructively ased on the volume of roots, hich can e easily and accurately measured using the model. ndices of comleity such as fractal dimension or the surface area to volume ratio may e comuted for individual haitat locs.

ield and laoratory eeriments ere conducted to investigate ho satial comleity measured using these aroaches may drive the coastal rotection, sediment traing and nursery function of mangrove forests. esults indicate that comleity offered y trees strongly influence ecological and hysical rocesses at the metre scale, underinning the services oserved for mangroves at the forest and landscae scales.

ontact nformation oe .. ee, ustralian ivers nstitute and chool of nvironment, riffith niversity old oast camus, outhort, ueensland , ustralia. hone mail oe.leegriffith.edu.au

147 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

AVICENNIA MARINA VAR. AUSTRALASICA FLUX TOWER TO “LE CO E VOH” MANGROVE (NEW Audrey Leopold2,1 e e ee e ee e ues ms uu nsitut de echerche our le veloement, ouma, e aledonia, rance niversit de la ouvellealdonie, ouma, e aledonia, rance aesury camus, cience road, ichmond , ydney, ustralia ucland niversity of Technology, ucland, e ealand

n a contet of climate change, the last years have seen an increasing interest from the scientific community to mangrove caron cycling. angroves are among the most roductive ecosystems and caron rich ecosystems in the orld. oever, mangrove caron cycling is not fully constrained ecause of a lac of data on caron eort. oreover, most of the studies aout mangrove caron cycling only focused on lo satial and temoral scales. ddy covariance flu toer measures net ecosystem echanges, and reresents a oerful tool as it integrates the different comonents that come into lay to define the aility of an ecosystem to act as a sin or source. toers are installed in a lot of ecosystems through the orld ut they remain etremely rare in mangrove forests. e used to study net echanges eteen an e m darf mangrove, hich gros in the high tidal one under semiarid climate, and the atmoshere. iohysical controls of ere investigated, and net ecosystem roduction as determined over one year. aimum values of daytime ranged from mol.m.s to less than mol.m.s oth during and at the end of the et and arm season. ighttime ranged from . mol.m.s to . mol.m .s, and as the highest during the et and arm season. olar radiation, temerature and vaor ressure deficit ere identified as determining factors of seasonal and daily variations. oreover, ater availaility from tides and rainfall is a maor determining factor of . aimum daytime occurred during high tide as a result of loer direct contriution of elocanoy resirations to the ecosystem resiration and ecause hotosynthesis rate may increase during sumerged conditions. oreover, the imortance of ater availaility on the roductivity of this ecosystem roductivity as shon y the seasonal variation. The latter as the highest at the end of et season. uring this season, hotosynthesis rates ere the highest ut ecosystem resiration strongly increased, resulting in a very lo and even negative . uch increase in ecosystem resiration is liely to e related to groth resumtion ecause of freshater availaility from rainfall. uring the dry season, the asence of rainfall and the high evaoration lead to high salinities of oreaters, and to lo groth and net ecosystem roductions. Thus, during the et season, the lo is related to an imortant increase of ecosystem resiration hile during the dry season, the lo is related to a decrease of groth hotosynthesis. e estimated that this mangrove as a sin of . g.m .yr , even if caron tidal eorts are eected to e relatively lo ecause of lo tidal range, they may slightly loer this value.

ontact nformation udrey , oumea, e aledonia, mail leooldaudreygmail.com

148 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

TRE N MANGROVE FORET EARL ETECTON AN REEMTVE REHALTATON ARE EENTAL FOR FUTURE UCCEFUL WORLWE MANGROVE FORET MANAGEMENT Roy R. Lewis III1 em e uss m eee u oastal esources rou, nc., alt rings, lorida, anielativa onservation oundation, aniel, lorida, harles arin niversity, arin T , ustralia .. eological urvey, afayette, ouisiana, , ederal niversity of anta atarina, lorianolis, , rail outhest lorida egional lanning ouncil, ort yers, lorida,

e contend that mangrove forest rehailitation should egin much sooner than the oint of catastrohic loss as erhas the only mechanism to reemt large scale losses of mangroves and the resulting loss of ecological services and caron storage. e descrie the need for “mangrove forest heart attac revention” as part of that rocess, and ho that might e accomlished y emedding lot and remote sensing monitoring ithin sentinel sites as art of strategic coastal management lans. The associated monitoring data ould rovide information on deteriorating conditions rior to collase hile, deending on location of a suset of sentinel sites, roviding reference condition for restoration targets.

The maor cause of mangrove stress at many sites gloally, ased uon our decades of international eerience, relates to modified most often reduced tidal ater flos and echanges, hich are essentially analogous to loced lood flos in human veins and arteries. The medical arallels are clear longterm degradation of function leads to acute mortality romted y acute events. ften, mangroves are arutly lost ithin ust a fe years hoever, the vulneraility of many mangrove forests is increased decades earlier hen seemingly innocuous hydrological modifications are made e.g., road construction, tidal channel modifications, ort dredging and disosal, etc., ut remain undetected ithout reasonale largescale monitoring.

ith so much develoment occurring around mangroves gloally, simly rotecting forest atches from direct hysical destruction is not enough unless rovisions are made for detecting and ameliorating impacts that drive mangroves to unhealthy states, which we term “preemptive rehabilitation”. Whether mangroves are degraded immediately or in degrees over decades, their ecohysiological reuirements for longterm persistence are sensitive enough to affect a loss either way, but “preemptive rehabilitation” can preserve many of the essential functions and allow for rapid recovery back to reference conditions.

ontact nformation Roy R. “Robin” Lewis , oastal esources rou, nc., th treet, alt rings, lorida, . mail rrlgmail.com

149 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

TRUCTURAL ARAMETER CHANGE ETECTON AN CONTON OF MANGROVE FORET N TWO CONTRATNG UTLATON ATTERN N THE NORTHERN MOAMUE C. Macamo e niversidade duardo ondlane, epartamento de iencias iologicas, aputo, oambiue

his study documents mangrove forests in contrasting communities one periurban agriculture dependent emba ay and a rural fishing community lumbi, Lalane and amie, all in alma district. he study aimed to identify and compare the impact of different patterns of utiliation of mangrove forest resources on the forest dynamics, condition and availability of woody resources. auffman and onato protocol, was adapted and applied to collect data on species composition, regeneration, poles uality and tree conservation condition. nterviews with key informants were also conducted to identify the main forms of use of mangrove resources. Landsat imagery was used to map changes in cover area. he results indicate distinct patterns of resources use, with more impacted mangroves in the rural settings due to timber etraction and clearance for fishing boats path. n emba ay most impacts were conversion to saltpans and auaculture farm. n alma forms of use included intensive logging, collection of invertebrates, sanitary uses and others. ifferences among the forests etend to species composition species in emba, dominates . in alma, and mu dominates .. ll forests are structurally small mean and height in emba ay were . cm and .m in alma figures are . cm and .m, respectively. he forests of alma were patchy, with more than of main trunks cut, and most standing poles were not useful for construction the main form of use of poles. he in emba ay had more intact individuals and better uality poles. he analysis of satellite images showed a loss of almost of the total area in the rural settings about of the total area lost every year, while in the periurban site there was an increase of of the area. his study shows that, more important than being located in a populated and accessible area, the role of mangroves as source of livelihood will determine the pattern of use of resources and its condition. mangrove recovery strategy for the rural sites lumbi, amie and Lalane would include raising awareness of local population, replantation and monitoring programs. ayment for ecosystem services proects can be alternative to sustain conservation programs.

ontact nformation rs. elia acamo, niversidade duardo ondlane, v. uluis herere, ampus rincipal, aputo, aputo, , oambiue, hone mail celiamacamoyahoo.com

150 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

TATU AN CHALLENGE OF MANGROVE N CARON MARET Sarah K. Mack ierra Resources, ew rleans, L,

n the last decade, considerable global, national, regional and statelevel governmental participation in the stabiliation of atmospheric greenhouse gases has facilitated significant growth in emissions trading markets. eforestation and forest degradation, including mangrove loss, account for nearly of global greenhouse gas emissions. angrove restoration and conservation can demonstrate carbon savings and produce carbon credits for sale on voluntary or compliance markets. arbon markets that facilitate financial investment into mangrove restoration and conservation efforts can provide a wealth of cobenefits such as storm surge reduction, fish and wildlife habitat, recreation, ob creation, and economic development that are vital to the sustainability of coastal areas.

o ensure uality and credit validity, protocols and methodologies must provide a transparent accounting methodology for the development, certification, and monitoring of carbon offset proects, and be approved through a transparent process that provides opportunities for stakeholder engagement and scientific review. urrently mangrove restoration and conservation efforts are eligible in voluntary and compliance markets using Wetland Restoration, and Reducing missions from eforestation and egradation R protocols.

his presentation will provide background on voluntary and compliance carbon markets with a focus on mangrove carbon credits. n overview of proect development will be discussed including eligibility rules, establishing a baseline, monitoring of eligible carbon pools, and estimating proect emission reductions. he opportunities and challenges other mangrove proects have faced will be eplored. he results will inform managers and developers on how to develop mangrove carbon credits that are compliance eligible, economically competitive, and scientifically defensible.

ontact nformation arah . ack, ierra Resources LL, t. ndrew t uite , ew rleans, L , hone mail sarahmacktierraresourcesllc.com

151 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

EFFECT OF EVERE FLOONG ON ETUARNE MANGROVE TURANCE RELENCE AN RETORATON Jock Mackenzie ames ook niversity, ownsville, L, ustralia

“I love a sunburnt country, a land of sweeping plains, of ragged mountain ranges of droughts and flooding rains, love her far horions, love her ewelsea, her beauty and her terror, the wide brown land for me” (excerpt from orethea ackellar u. ustralia is a country typified by diverse and iconic landscapes, severe climate and severe weather events, which are at times terrifying in their power and destruction. angroves are highly adapted to etreme environments as demonstrated by their survival at the interface between land and sea, eposing them to short and longterm climate etremes such as cylcones, floods and droughts. ut anthropogenic driven degradation of estuarine mangroves may threaten the capacity of mangroves to withstand etreme climate events. irect damage leading to mangrove loss and fragmentation and indirect effects such as altered hydrology and eutrophication reduce the capacity of mangroves to withstand climate etremes and limits their resilience capacity. t is epected that etreme weather events will increase in both severity and freuency in coming years. t is therefore imperative that we understand how anthropogenic degradation of mangroves influences their resistance and resilience to etreme weather events in order to inform better mangrove management. Recently, a series of severe flood events impacted the east coast of ustralia, causing etreme flooding in maor coastal rivers and estuaries. hese flood events caused widespread loss of shoreline mangroves, with an estimated loss of of estuarine mangroves in some coastal estuaries. ome of the estuaries impacted form part of the monitoring network of angroveWatch, a citienscience based program designed to monitor longterm changes in the condition of shoreline mangroves using geotagged video. he angroveWatch monitoring data enabled assessment of mangrove condition before and after flooding. ere we eamine the effect of flooding on estuarine mangroves in three different coastal settings with differing levels of human impacts to assess the effects of estuarine and catchment modification on mangrove resilience to severe flood events. ur results show that shoreline mangrove forest fragmentation, eutrophication and estuarine shoreline modification result in greater risk of estuarine mangrove loss during severe flood events with recovery dependent on preeisting forest structure, forest continuity, condition, level of anthropogenic disturbance and adacent land use. his information is used to develop a strategic approach to mangrove rehabilitation investment in the target estuaries and inform future estuarine mangrove management.

ontact nformation ock ackenie, ames ook niversity, ropWR, ames ook rv, ownsville, L, , ustralia, hone , mail ock.mackeniecu.edu.au

152 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

UNERETMATNG THE ROLE OF LEAF LTTER N EARM CRA ET THE MORTANCE OF OTOE FRACTONATON VALUE Richard A. MacKenzie me e e orest ervice, ilo, awaii, alau ommunity ollege, oror, epublic of alau

esarmid crabs play an important role in mangrove forest carbon dynamics arbon from senescent leaves is uicly incorporated into mangrove sediments through crab consumption isual observations have documented that sesarmid crabs can be uite efficient at breaing down leaf litter and gut content studies have verified that certain sesarmid crab species are eating mangrove leaves espite these results, stable and isotopes suggest that sesarmid crabs are relying more heavily on microphytobenthos ( as a food source than senescent leaf litter and while sesarmid crabs appear to be consuming leaf litter, they are not assimilating it

e sampled sesm spp sesarmids and sp ocypodids from four mangrove forests around the island of ap in the ederated tates of icronesia in and he  between sesm spp and sp crab tissue and of senescent mangrove leaf litter ranged from 11.6 ‰, suggesting that mangrove leaves were not an important food source in either crab’s diet. Interestingly, the  and  of sesm spp crabs significantly shifted between and , but not for sp his shift mirrored a shift also observed between the and mangrove leaves sampled his suggested that sesm spp were assimilating from mangrove leaves and that published and fractionation values may not apply to sesarmid crabs that feed on mangrove leaves his idea was supported by recent findings by ui and ee (

In , we conducted a follow on, eight weelong feeding study with sesm spp and sp leaves esults revealed that crabs feeding solely on leaf litter had a and isotopic fractionation of ± and ± 0.6 ‰, respectively. sing the table Isotope nalysis in pacage (I, we then calculated diet compositions of the ap sesm crabs using trophic enrichment factors (s from our feeding study as well as those published by cutchan et al ( ( ± ± esults revealed that published fractionation values underestimated the value of mangrove leave litter to sesarmid crab diets by ± and overestimated the value of and epiphytic algae ± hus, while and epiphytic algae are still important basal food resources for some sesarmid crabs species, the value of leaf litter as a food resource will continue to be underestimated unless more accurate and species specific isotope fractionation values are determined

ontact Information ichard acenie, orest ervice, owelo t, ilo, I , nited tates, hone mail rmaceniefsfedus

153 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

HFT N NUTRENT ALLOCATON URNG LAC MANGROVE (AVCENNA GERMNAN ENCROACHMENT NTO ALT MARH (ARTNA ALTERNFLORA Aaron Macy1,2 us e1,2 e s u e 1auphin Island ea ab, auphin Island, , niversity of outh labama, obile, , .. eological urvey, afayette, , niversity of labama, uscaloosa, ,

In the coming century, warmer winter temperatures along the northern ulf of eico are epected to enable the poleward migration of mangrove forests at the epense of some salt marshes. In ouisiana , the blac mangrove, e ems, is epected to epand into coastal wetlands historically dominated by the salt marsh grass, e. hile both species provide similar ecosystem services, including shoreline stabiliation, carbon seuestration, nutrient filtration, and habitat provision, it is unclear how the magnitude of these services will change with ems epansion.

In this study, we loo to investigate seasonal allocations of carbon and nitrogen to different plant tissues and to the sediment environment of wetlands dominated by ems or e in ort ourchon, ouisiana. he two species have different seasonal growth patterns. hereas ems retains leaves during the winter, the aboveground biomass of e senesces each winter, and the grass resprouts the net year from belowground biomass reserves. s the dominant vegetation shifts from e to ems, the associated seasonal changes in carbon and nitrogen availability could influence trophic flues through detrital and graing communities. In ouisiana, high rates of nutrient removal during the spring and summer play an important role and help to diminish the etent of coastal eutrophication in the Gulf of Mexico’s “Dead Zone”. Changes in seasonal patterns of nutrient allocation could affect the rate of nutrient uptae during this critical period. ur study provides a foundation for better understanding the implications of mangrove epansion into salt marsh for ecosystem services related to nutrient removal and cycling.

ontact Information aron acy, auphin Island ea ab, 101 ienville lvd, auphin Island, , 6, hone 16111 6, mail amacydisl.org.

154 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

MAN FACTOR RVNG GHG EMON FROM MANGROVE EMENT Cyril Marchand1 sese nstitut de echerche pour le Deloppeent D oua e Caledonia rance Departent of iolog niersit of outhern Denar dense M Denar

Despite their generall organicrich sedients angroe forests are usuall characteried lo eissions of C and other greenhouses gases GG lie ethane C and nitrous oxide . oeer recent eidences suggest a high ariailit of GG eissions aong angroe enironents according to their productiit position in the tidal range seasons etc. n this presentation e ill reie the ariailit in GG eissions fro angroe forests and discuss arious factors that a potentiall e responsile for this ariailit.

ighl productie angroe forests at lo latitudes a produce ore GG sipl ecause of the higher input of laile organic caron deposited in the sedients. n addition the high sedient teperatures in tropical areas induce eleated decoposition organic atter and thus higher GG eissions. edient ater content a influence C eissions in to as. ince the olecular diffusion of gases is uch faster in air than ater C eissions increase hen sedients are exposed to the atosphere. his is caused sedient desiccation during lo tides and during the dr season particularl in the high eleation part of the intertidal one. noxic conditions preailing in aterlogged sedient haper icroial deca of organic atter and thus C eissions. urtherore icrophtoenthos deelopent at the sedient surface can liit GG eission the foration of protectie iofil arriers that clog the pore spaces. he icrophtoenthos ithin the surface iofil a also consue C produced ithin the sedientar colun for groth. Conersel deep cra urros and aerial roots lie pneuatophores induce higher eissions as the act as a conduits for gas exchange and allo the ascent of C and C produced in deep sedient to the atosphere. n addition the increasing huan population along tropical coastlines has led to increased seage release in angroe enironents resulting in higher GG eissions.

GG exchange easured at sedient surface does not represent the total GG alance of angroe forests. he largest C exchange actuall occurs through canop uptae and release hich can e difficult to easure. oeer the use of the eddcoariance C techniue in angroe forests can iproe our understanding of the gas exchange eteen angroe forests and the atosphere. eertheless part of the priar production of these intertidal forests is exported in particulate or dissoled fors toards tidal crees and the surrounding ocean through surface runoff or poreater seepage. hese pools a e uicl ineralied and eitted as C to the atosphere. aters surrounding angroes a therefore e a hidden source of angroederied GG to the atosphere hich actuall should e included in angroe GG udgets.

Contact nforation Cril Marchand D nstitut de echerche pour le Deloppeent ouea e Caledonia ail cril.archandird.fr

155 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

RELATVE AN NERGTC MACT OF CLMATE AN RECT ANTHROOGENC REURE ON THE ERFORMANCE OF AVICENNIA MARINA U AUSTRALASICA AN IN-SITU LATTUNAL AROACH Cyril Marchand e ues e ue nstitute of esearch for the Deelopent oua e Caledonia rance nstitute for pplied colog ucland niersit of echnolog ucland e Zealand niersit of e Caledonia oua e Caledonia rance

n the context of gloal change angroe ecosstes are proected to experience seere ariations ithin their enironent. n order to odel and anticipate angroe ecosste change the ain challenge is to assess the relatie and snergistic ipacts of cliate change and direct anthropogenic pressures on angroe stands. n the present stud e aied at coparing the influence of soil characteristics cliate seasons and nutrient inputs on the perforance of one angroe species icennia arina ors. ierh susp. australasica alp. . erett. his species is uiuitous throughout the orld and can surie in extree conditions. t also can e a pioneer species and thus a e the first to colonie ne shorelines folloing draatic changes in cliate. e choose to focus on to geographic regions seiarid e Caledonia and teperate e Zealand .

elatie and snergistic influences of cliate and nutrient inputs on the perforance of this species ere explored in oth latitudes oer to seasons through three atrixes in ultiariate analses coining i enironental factors ii functional traits lined to angroe phsiological perforances and iii relatie groth rates. total of trees ere onitored in different angroe stands ithin arious nutrient and transition etal contents texture and topograph.

n oth latitudes extree teperatures occurring during inter in e Zealand and drought season in e Caledonia significantl affect stoatal conductance and groth rates of angroe trees. n addition liited light and high precipitation in teperate and seiarid angroes respectiel ere found to affect angroe stands. he phsiological perforance of angroe trees as loer in seiarid angroes copared to teperate counterparts due to high teperatures and lo precipitation hich induced a decrease in soil ater content and increase in salinit higher than . his ater stress induces the closure of stoata to preent eapotranspiration along ith changes in the aCaMg ratios in leaf tissues to aintain osotic alance in cells. Generall this phsiological response occurs at the expense of calciu and agnesiu concentrations in tissues the agnesiu eing negatiel correlated to chlorophll content and therefore to photosnthetic actiit.

n oth latitudes our oserations sho that these ipedients to groth are often loered an input of nutrients liel ecause this is often accopanied a freshater suppl and conseuentl a reduction of salinit. oeer a dual effect of nutrient inputs on phsiological perforance of the trees as highlighted under oth cold and drought stresses. t oth latitudes e osered a threshold of ul densit and topographic leel under hich organic atter suppl had a detriental effect on soil oxgenation nutrients and etal aailailit and thus on angroe perforance.

n conclusion e proide a coprehensie odel of the utual interactions eteen iogeocheical and phsiological processes of angroes under cliatic stresses and anthropogenic pressures. he output of this research is the isolation of the e processes explaining angroe perforance in lolatitudes ithin arious tpes of sustrates.

Contact nforation Carine ourgeois ucland niersit of echnolog acult of ealth and nironental ciences onds treet ucland e Zealand ail carineourgeoisgail.co

156 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

ECONOMC VALUATON OF MANGROVE Carilyn Salanio-Martin um m e u u nironental Conseration and rotection Center lael arangani hilippines

he angroes in Glan arangani roince hilippines are one of the critical resource ecosstes in arangani a rotected eascape . his ecosste seres as reeding and nurser ground of fishes hile plaing the role of uffer to strong inds and surges to the coastal inhaitants. he unicipalit of Glan has . hectares of angroes ith species CC ioonification tud .

he rotected rea Manageent oard M needs legislations in order to protect and consere the reaining resources of the a specificall the angroe counit. hus this stud as conducted to deterine the econoic alue of angroes in Glan arangani roince. conoic alue is measured by someone’s willingness to give up something in order to obtain a good or service, thus the illingness to pa earce and urner . can e deterined through contingent aluation ethod CM hich is often used to estiate alues for all inds of ecosste and enironental serices the use and nonuse alues ann .

he stud is a descriptie research. conoic alue as deterined through contingent aluation ethod in hich it directl ass people in a sure ho uch the ould e illing to pa for enironental serices. apling techniue utilied as the proportional allocation ethod of total households of coastal arangas. ogistic regression as used to estiate the aluation function that relates the hpothesied deterinants ith responses. ocioeconoic characteristics of households along ith the angroe aareness leel ere used as predictor for this analsis.

esults of the logistic regression analsis indicated that the four deterinants ere significant nael settleent location gender nuer of ears spent in school and aareness on angroe uses and enefits.

he influence of location of settleent or haitation as strong. eople liing in the coasts are seent three percent ore liel illing to pa for the conseration of angroes than those ho are liing far fro coastline for eer single point increase in the aareness leel on angroe uses and enefits there is liel . percent increase in and for eer additional ear spent in school there is . percent ore liel increase in and eing ale is eight percent ore liel than feales.

he illingness to pa a person has is euialent to the aount he is illing to sacrifice to get the non aret good. is the econoic alue of the serices goods and functions of the angroe ecosste hich in this stud ere conditioned gender aareness leel and the nuer of ears spent in school and eing a coastal inhaitant. conoic alue therefore is the enefit that the counit gets fro using angroe goods serices and functions. he econoic alues the respondents put on the angroes per hectare and per angroe tree are iportant input to policies in the conseration and protection of the angroe ecosste.

Contact nforation Cariln alanioMartin nironental Conseration and rotection Center Capitol ar lael arangani roince hilippines hone ail carilndiancoahoo.co

157 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

WETERN MANGROVE ECE N FACE OF AT AN CURRENT CLMATE CHANGE A MULTCLNAR AROACH Gustavo Maruyama Mori s ee e m u su e e ss um ee ee e u s mu u gncia aulista de ecnologia dos gronegcios, iracicaba, o aulo, rail entro de iologia olecular e ngenharia entica – niversidade stadual de ampinas, ampinas, o aulo, rail aculty o ciences – hiba niversity, hiba, hiba, apan riomote tation – niversity o the yuyus, aetomi, inawa, apan useum o atural and nvironmental istory hiuoa, hiuoa, apan awatabi ield cience enter – ohou niversity, sai, iyagi, apan epartamento de iologia egetal – niversidade stadual de ampinas, ampinas, o aulo, rail

he current global climate changes are alterations on the climate properties whose biological eects are unuestionable lthough a wide range o organisms is aected by this global phenomenon, dierent species may dierently respond to these changes angrove orests are proected to be one o the most inluenced environments by the current n this contet, we aim to understand the commonalities and dierences between unrelated mangrove genera and shed light into undamental processes that inluence mangrove evolution, distribution and adaptation or this purpose, we are using a multidisciplinary approach that includes climatic niche, genetic diversity, transcriptome and ecophysiology analyses o mangrove trees e ems sue me ems and s rom the tlantic aribbeanest aciic biogeographic region

verall, the climatic niche pairwise comparison indicate that these species presented a similar but not euivalent niche he only eception is when me and sue were compared since their niches were not more similar than epected by chance hese species distributions models suggested that there was a poleward latitudinal distributional shit since the ast lacial aimum around ybp his result is consistent with previous wors based on tens o neutral genetic marers that suggested past demographic epansion in higher latitudes populations o unveil more precisely the past evolutionary history o these species, we are currently using new techniues that assess a broader portion o the species genomes rom hundreds to tens o thousands marers p to the present moment, our results support previous interspeciic and intraspeciic genetic structure indings hey show, or instance, that ems and sue are diverged evolutionary lineages that may hybridie in their sympatry one oreover, we reconirmed the merican continent as a maor barrier or me gene low whereas the tlantic and aciic oceans do not impede the species migration esides corroborating previous results, we aim to go urther and study nonneutral genetic marers loci in the genome that are under the action o natural selection whose unctions will be possibly determined by transcriptome analyses that are being carried out or ems sue and me rom two genetically contrasting populations rom orth and outh coasts o rail rom these populations, we also perormed a seven months greenhouse common garden eperiment o sue reliminary results indicate that plants rom these populations have dierent water use, growth and biomass accumulation strategies

y better understanding how mangrove trees have responded to historical changes we aim to have cues on how they may respond to the current s an outcome, we want to mae available valuable inormation or means o management and conservation in dierent geographic scales o these threatened orests

ontact normation ustavo aruyama ori, gncia aulista de ecnologia dos gronegcios, odovia , m airro ila tima aia ostal , iracicabarail mail gumorigmailcom or moriunicampbr

158 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

TALE OTOE OF MACROENTHO AN FH N MANGROVEFORET FOO WE OF HAR RVER UA Carole C. McIvor m us ee e ee –

δN and depleted in δ su overlapped considerably in both δC and δ downriver location δ

ganic matter that is much depleted in δC and enriched in δ

Most invertebrates from the upriver site were predictably intermediate in δ

159 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

ALTWATER ENCROACHMENT AN RECTON OF ECOTEM REONE TO THE ANTHROOCENE MARNE TRANGREON OUTHEAT ALNE EVERGLAE FLORA John F. Meeder s ee em m es e ss

160 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

O NATVE NTERTAL URROWNG CRA ENEFT FROM NONNATVE SPARTINA ALTERNIFLORA u Hanyu Meng, e

e e e e udy, we mainly answer 1) whether the invasion of this exotic plant affects native crabs’ distribution, and 2) what are the mechanisms that shaped the patterns of crabs’ distribution.

sesm e es es e es e es

161 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

THE ENEFT OF A MULTLE HATAT RETORATON TRATEG COMNNG HROLOGC RETORATON MANGROVE ROAGULE LANTNG AN OTER UTRATE ATON N A EMENCLOE FLORA EMAMENT E.C. Milbrandt ms e e 1arine aboratory, anibelaptiva onservation oundation, anibel, , 2lorida tlantic niversity, t. yers, , acson stuarine ab, niversity of ew ampshire, urham, ,

abitat loss and disturbance are raned lobally as the reatest threats to biodiversity. evelopment and coastal population rowth are the leadin causes for habitat losses. ecently, the restoration of marine habitats has increased, especially with the oal of increasin nonconsumptive ecosystem services derived from manrove and submered auatic veetation ) alon with bioenic oyster reefs. abitats reside in landscapes dominated by multiple species. ather than focusin on a sinle habitat such as oysters or manroves or , we too an approach restorin multiple adacent habitats to accelerate restoration in a lorida embayment that had been sinificantly deraded prior to the restoration of natural tidally enerated flows. fter multiple habitats diedoff, a proect was initiated in 2 to reintroduce tidal flushin. he reintroduction of tidal flushin, however, did not result in immediate recovery of manrove shorelines or oysterdominated reefs. here was a lac of manrove propaule production and sinificant substrate limitation in areas with appropriate salinity, sediment and tidal flows. rom 2212, red manrove hiophora manle) propaules were collected over ,) and planted for a total area of .2 hectares. rom 221, five intertidal reefs were constructed by addin baed and fossil shell ) for rassostrea virinica larvae to recruit onto totalin over m2. onitorin of planted manrove versus unplanted shorelines demonstrated that prop root and drop root densities were hiher where propaules were planted 2 m2) versus unplanted 2. m2). yster densities and mean sies multiple year classes) at new and natural reefs were measured after , 12, and 2, and months. n initial settlement pulse was observed in the first months followed by an increase in the density of reater than 1year old oysters. anthid crab densities urypanopeus depressus and anopeus spp.) in restored reefs and natural reefs were similar, while etrolisthes armatus densities were lower in restored reefs. hole reef seston filtration rates over restored reefs were 2 to 1 m2 hr1 when measured at , 1, 2, and months. multiple habitat approach may be useful in acceleratin the natural ecoloical succession, especially if the proect site has reached a deraded, alternate ecoloical state. hese results suest a multiple habitat approach can be useful in providin nonprovisionin ecosystem services to a lorida embayment.

ontact nformation ric ilbrandt, anibelaptiva onservation oundation, arine aboratory, arpon ay d., anibel, , nited tates, hone 2211, mail emilbransccf.or

162 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

LTTORARA (GATROOA LTTORNAE A ONCATOR OF MANGROVE HEALTH e ess e ms us Nelson A. F. Miranda1 see ee 1elson andela etropolitan niversity, ort liabeth, , outh frica 2niversity of the estern ape, ellville, , outh frica niversity of ululand, ichards ay, , outh frica

pecies belonin to the enus exhibit a mainly tropical distribution and can be commonly found in manroves of the ndoacific reion. hese manrove periwinles are herbivorous and constitute an important component of manrove macrobenthic communities. dults can be found on stems, prop roots and leaves of manrove trees. everal species, displayin contrastin adaptive variations in shell morpholoy and colour, can be found in different microhabitats of a manrove forest.

are expected to have stron ecoloical lins with manroves. umerous studies have shown that even small chanes in the physical environment of manrove forests affect the diversity and abundance of these and other molluscs. anrove periwinles have also been considered suitable bioindicators of contaminants due to their sensitivity to pollution.

outh frica represents the southern distribution limits of as well as manrove tree species in frica. he manrove forests can be found in estuaries with varyin derees of anthropoenic influence alon the outh frican coastline. he effects of climate and land use chanes on manrove health have been more thorouhly monitored in recent decades. he occurrence of anthropoenic impacts e.. harvestin, tramplin, pollution) have also been specifically addressed for manrove forests.

his study aims to determine if are suitable bioindicators of manrove health. outh frica is used as a case study. he current and previously recorded patterns of abundance, species richness, distribution and sie are described within the country. nested samplin desin was used to assess the current spatial patterns of at the different manroves alon the outh frican coast. urrent data are correlated with recently calculated estuarine and manrove health indices. coloical health indices have been developed and systematically applied to outh frican estuaries. hese indices are based on a scorin system which involves expert assessment of biotic and abiotic component variables. omponent scores are weihed and areated accordin to standard rules to produce a final score which represents health as a percentae of probable pristine state i.e. the closer the score is to 1 the heathier the area). nterestinly, some tropical mollusc species have disappeared from outh frican manrove forests. his is liely a result of habitat chanes due to anthropoenic impacts on manrove forests rather than climate chane. can be suitable bioindicators as their species richness and abundance are positively correlated estuarine health indices and were also affected by the occurrence of anthropoenic impacts.

ontact nformation elson iranda, esearch hair in hallow ater cosystems, elson andela etropolitan niversity, .. ox , ort liabeth, 1, outh frica, hone 2)122, mail mirandanafmail.com

163 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

NTERACTVE EFFECT OF ENVRONMENTAL ETTNG AN EELNG ORGN ON MANGROVE ETALHMENT Althea F. P. Moore1 e ues1 1ortheastern niversity arine cience enter, ahant, , 2lorida tlantic niversity epartment of ioloical ciences, arbor ranch ceanoraphic nstitute, ort ierce, ,

he interaction between individual traits and environmental conditions can have stron evolutionary and ecoloical conseuences. ndividuals often differ in their plastic responses to environmental conditions dependin upon their enetic bacround and nonenetic factors such as maternal provisionin. nteractions between individual traits and environmental conditions are particularly important for oranisms that can disperse over a heteroenous environment. hile some populations are adapted to local conditions, maladaptation is also common. e conducted a reciprocal transplant field experiment at two sites in lorida to test whether manrove seedlins from different sites vary in their response to environmental conditions, and if so, whether this variation was indicative of local adaptation. e also examined whether the manrove response depended on maternal partitionin propaule mass).

o determine how seedlins from different source locations respond in common environments, we planted ems propaules from source locations into two common arden locations in t. oseph ay, ulf of exico) and ndian iver aoon, tlantic) in all 212. he t. oseph ay site is a salt marsh dominated area at the northern ede of the manrove rane. he ndian iver aoon site is manrove dominated and in the middle of the manrove rane in . ource locations included two sites from the ulf of exico and four sites from the tlantic coast. e weihed propaules before plantin to account for the effects of maternal partitionin on seedlin survival and traits. e determined seedlin survival, rowth chane in stem heiht), and morpholoy branchin and number of leaves) for three years followin initial plantin.

e found that seedlins differed by source location in their overall traits and response to conditions at the two field experiments. eedlins tended to survive better at the ndian iver aoon site but this effect was reater for some source sites than others. e found little evidence for local adaptation as seedlins did not survive or row better in their home reion. eedlins showed plasticity between the two sites seedlins rew taller in ndian iver aoon and had shorter, more branched morpholoy in t oseph ay. aternal partitionin in terms of propaule sie was more important in t. oseph ay, yet the importance of this factor decreased over the course of the experiment. ur results hihliht the importance of plasticity in manrove response and suest that success of raneexpandin manroves will depend on an interaction between source location and local environmental conditions

ontact nformation lthea . . oore, ortheastern niversity arine cience enter, ahant d., ahant, , 1, hone 11, mail moore.althusy.neu.edu

164 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

N EARCH OF OL NCATOR TO EVALUATE THE MACT OF EA LEVEL RE A TU FROM UNARAN NA Chandan Mukherjee1*, u u um s s 1nvironmental iotechnoloy roup, epartment of otany, est enal tate niversity, arasat, est enal, ndia 2epartment of otany, andi a ollee, andi, urshidabad, est enal, ndia

he intertidal mudflats in undarban, ndia are hihly vulnerable ecosystems, dynamic with erosion and accretion increasin its instability. he effect of sea level rise and increased inundation is yet to be realied here as the erosion accretion seems to be the ey factor overnin the undarban mudflat stability. haracteristically, in undarban, the mudflats are densely populated by salt marsh rass ortersia coarctata, the pioneer colonier rass species that stabilie the accreted load and pave way for manrove seedlin establishment attractin more rapid accretion. he mudflat habitats, already eopardied in undarban, with hinterland ponds for shrimp culture, unrestricted manrove fellin and mudflats used as the ready source of mud for constructin mudbunds, would become the very first victims of lobal warmin and conseuent sea level rise. ea level rise is also expected to extend the hour of submerence. he proloned waterloed condition will result in forced anaerobic respiration of recyclin microbes that rely on hydrolases and oxidases for their decomposition activity and a slower decay and accumulation of phenolic compounds directly inhibitin microbial bioderadation can be predicted preventin the enyme phenol oxidase from deradin phenolic compounds, accumulation of which is supposed to slow down the activity of all the maor bioderadative hydrolase enymes.

n our study concentratin on soil biochemistry of different study sites includin deraded and non deraded pristine forests of western part of ndian undarban, we endeavor to establish soil biochemical marers that can serve as indicator of soil anaerobicity and its effect on nutrient cyclin by soil microbes. e have analyed the soils of a lare number of flooded manrove swamps and fairly aerated manrove swamps in terms of soil nutrients, soil sulfide, soil microbial enyme activity and nutrient cyclin microbial density across the western part of ndian undarban and compared the results. e conclude on the level of anaerobic condition prevailin at present in the referred one of ndian undarbans.

ontact nformation handan uheree, est enal tate niversity, nvironmental iotechnoloy roup, epartment of otany, erunanpuuria, aliapur, arasat, olata, est enal, 12, ndia, hone 1, mail chandanmuheree1mail.com

165 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

MANAGNG TERRETRAL CARON TOC THROUGH A LONGTERM LOGGNG ROTATON N MANGROVE FORET N NTUN A WET AUA Daniel Murdiyarso1,2 sm ee em 1enter for nternational orestry esearch, oor 111, ndonesia 2epartment of eophysics and eteoroloy, oor ricultural niversity, oor 1, ndonesia esearch nstitute for the nvironment and ivelihoods ), harles arwin niversity, arwin, 1, ustralia reen orest roduct and ech, inapore niversity of apua, anowari 1, ndonesia

Bintuni Bay is Indonesia’s largest single block of mangroves in the archipelao, coverin an area of 2, ha. lmost half of these areas are protected and the other half was loed since almost years ao. e assessed and compared the ecosystem carbon ) stocs in northern part of the ay, which is cateoried as rotection orests and the southern part of the ay, which has been systematically loed for timber and woodchip products over the past 2 years. he socalled “keyhole” logging techniue was implemented allowin the construction of a onehectare circle shape plot for clear fellin, which is connected with a 2 m lon narrow passae for siddin the cut los to the river system. t was demonstrated that the protected forest stored 1, ha1 and very close to the storae in the stand of 2 years after loin 1, ha1). eanwhile, the stocs in aboveround stands of , 1 and 2 years after loin were 11, 12, and 11 ha1 respectively. hese aboveround stocs in loed forests are considerably lower than the one stored in pristine forests 2 ha1). owever, soil stoc in these stands vary between 12 ha1 in years after loin stands) and 1,2 ha1 in 1 years after loin stands). he loin techniue clearly demonstrates the preservation of belowround stocs. u dominates the loedover areas due to the abundance of propaules from remained seedtress, and dense recruit was resulted, ivin hih aboveround stocs in the first five years. s the stands ettin older, natural mortality and declinin stocs were observed and reached their climax before the followin cuttin cycle taes place. ur findins suest that ecosystem manrove storaes could be maintained throuh rotational aboveround removal system and belowround soil protection.

ontact nformation aniel urdiyarso, enter for nternational orestry esearch, oor 111, ndonesia, hone 2 21 2222, mail d.murdiyarsociar.or

166 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

RANGEEGE FECUNT OF A RANGEEXANNG ECE THE LAC MANGROVE (AVCENNA GERMNAN e ue Mayda Nathan niversity of aryland ollege ark

Climate change is currently altering species’ distributions. The seed ith hich rangeshifting lant secies resond to climate change ill deend on disersal distances and reroductive rates of oulations near the range edge or a rangeeanding lant like the black mangrove e ems vicenniaceae in lorida hose distribution is limited by sensitivity to freeing temeratures satial variation in reroduction can facilitate or hinder the rate of eansion as temeratures arm inointing the nature of this satial variation reuires investigating lant reroduction at both the individual and oulation levels In this study e sought to characterie the satial variation in ems fecundity along a gradient from the eanding northern range edge toard the range interior in order to clarify the role that reproduction is playing in this species’ range eansion ver the summer and fall of at seven sites throughout the eastern lorida ems distribution e measured ems density height floer roduction fruit set rates roagule roduction and roagule sie ur results sho that desite loer fruit set rates and small tree sies ems maintains high ertree fecundity in oulations at the range edge due to increased floering there hen variation in reroductive tree density is accounted for oulationlevel fecundity actually increases toard the range edge relative to more southern sites oreover roagules roduced in edge oulations ere aroimately larger on average than roagules roduced in the southernmost oulations studied aken together these results suggest that the region of eak ems roagule roduction is shifting north ith the eanding range edge romoting the sread of this secies

ontact Information s ayda athan niversity of aryland lant ciences Bldg ollege ark nited tates hone mail mnathanumdedu

167 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

CONTRATNG EFFECT OF HTORCAL EA LEVEL RE AN CONTEMORAR OCEAN CURRENT ON REGONAL GENE FLOW OF RHIZOPHORA RACEMOSA N EATERN ATLANTC MANGROVE u es em Magdalene N. Ngeve1 m e e ms eemes aboratory of lant iology and ature anagement epartment of iology rie niersiteit russel leinlaan russels elgium arth ciences iision et ropulsion aboratory California nstitute of Technology asadena California

angroes are seafaring taa through their hydrochorous propagules that hae the potential to disperse oer long distances. Therefore inestigating their patterns of gene flo proides insights on the underlying processes inoled in the spatial genetic structuring of populations. The coastline of Cameroon has a particular geomorphological history and a coastal hydrology ith comple contemporary patterns of ocean currents. e hypothesie that these hae effects on the spatial configuration and composition of presentday mangroes ithin its spans.

e inestigated genetic diersity and structure of a idespread species in the region ems and genotyped indiiduals from transects sites across estuaries using polymorphic marers. enetic diersity appeared lo to moderate but genetic differentiation beteen nearly all population pairs as significant. ayesian clustering analysis Co estimates of contemporary migration rates and identification of barriers to gene flo ere complemented ith estimated dispersal traectories of hourly released numerical propagules using highresolution surface current from a mesoscale and tideresoling ocean simulation.

The results indicate that the Cameroon olcanic ine C is not a presentday barrier to gene flo. ather the nteriooCameroon C corridor formed due to sea leel rise allos for connectiity beteen to mangroe areas that ere isolated during glacial times by the C. oth genetic data and numerical ocean simulations ere congruent and indicated that an oceanic conergence one near the Cameroon stuary comple CC presents a strong barrier to gene flo resulting in genetic discontinuities beteen the mangroe areas on either side. This conergence hoeer did not result in higher genetic diersities at the CC as could be hypothesied liely due to the estard ets formed by ocean currents hich push propagules to the open ocean rather than to suitable intertidal habitats ere they can strand.

n conclusion the genetic structure of ems is influenced by the contrasting effects of the contemporary oceanic conergence and historical climate changeinduced sea leel rise.

Contact information agdalene . gee aboratory of lant iology and ature anagement epartment of iology rie niersiteit russel leinlaan russels elgium mail ngeemyahoo.com or magdaleub.ac.be s

168 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

EFFECT OF ENVRONMENTAL CHANGE ON MANGROVE OVERT COMMUNT NAMC AN ECOTEM FUNCTON N AVA NONEA Inga Nordhaus e me se e eibni Center for Tropical arine cology T remen ermany niersity of remen remen ermany Carl on ssiety niersity ldenburg ermany

ssential functions of mangroe forests may depend on particular tree or macrobenthic species. or instance crabs and gastropods enhance carbon storage and nutrient cycling through feeding and burroing. ince data on the functional structure and diersity of benthic communities and their response to enironmental change are scarce conseuences for the ecosystem are largely unnon. orest degradation can cause changes in community structure and a decline in species numbers hich can lead to a loss in functional diersity and redundancy.

ndonesia has the largest area and the highest tree species richness but also one of the highest loss rates of mangroes orldide. e inestigated the response of macrobenthic communities to humandrien enironmental change in the egara naan agoon beteen and . The lagoon is a mangroe fringed estuarine system in aa that is largely affected by deforestation. The study combined a taonomic diersity analysis ith a functional traits analysis. ehaioural life history and morphological characteristics ere used to define functional groups. peciesspecific trait data ere gained through laboratory eperiments field studies and literature research. acrobenthic communities ere determined in mied mangroe stands and deforested areas hich are oergron by understorey plants.

e found a high species richness but a lo biomass of benthic inertebrates compared to other ndo est acific mangroe forests. comparison of mied mangroe and deforested sites shoed that the crab communities hae a similar number of species but differ in taonomic composition and functional structure. unctional diersity aos uadratic ntropy as similar in both areas but functional redundancy as significantly higher in the mied mangroe sites suggesting that habitat degradation has a detrimental effect on ecosystem functioning in the longterm. ome functional groups are only represented by a fe species. The communities ere dominated by small burroing opportunistic species ith a short life span hereas longlied and large species ere rare. ue to their small sies crabs hae ery shallo burros. This is liely to affect nutrient cycling and sediment oygenation.

bundances of facultatie litter feeders increased significantly beteen and indicating their lo ulnerability to egetation changes. y contrast abundances of species ith other feeding modes decreased considerably. erall crab species ere recorded in of hich rare species ere not found in . The shift in taonomic and functional community structure appears to be a response to a significant decline in tree density a further spread of understorey plants and a decreasing habitat compleity.

Contact nformation nga ordhaus eibni Center for Tropical arine cology T ahrenheitstrae remen ermany hone mail inga.nordhausleibnimt.de

169 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

THE ETECTON OF TURANCE N THE OUTHEAT ALNE EVERGLAE AN T RELATONH TO MANGROVE FORET TRANGREON Danielle E. Ogurcak1 e ss e eee outheast nironmental esearch Center lorida nternational niersity iami epartment of arth and nironment lorida nternational niersity iami nternational urricane esearch Center lorida nternational niersity iami

The landard moement of lo productiity darf mangroe forests into areas of freshater marsh dominated by um mese has been documented in the outheast aline erglades of lorida during the second half of the thcentury, beginning with Egler’s description of the ‘white zone’ in . This landard moement has been attributed to the combined effects of th century sea leel rise and reduction in freshater delieries on egetation and soil deelopment in this region. ien the predicted increases in sea leel rise for the st century the rate of transgression and landard moement of communities are liely to increase. oeer episodic disturbances in the form of hurricane storm surge or freee eents could lead to changes in the mangroe communities that may hasten these effects in some locales storm surges that carry propagules landard hile staing off the effects in others mangroe dieoff.

The aailability of legacy datasets in the form of satellite imagery permits the assessment of spatially eplicit effects of disturbances on mangroe communities that can be differentiated from seasonal and decadal trends in plant stress and community composition. sing a year temporal seuence of andsat T images from to e assessed trends in to spectral indices the ormalied ifferenced egetation nde and the ormalied ifferenced oisture nde and determined that performed best in identifying effects from episodic disturbances and capturing recoery trends. present day land coer map of the region as deried from a combination of high resolution satellite imagery and aerial photography igital rtho hoto uads. This permitted a comparison beteen an ongoing study and a study that assessed historical changes in the distribution of these egetation ones. ince the surey mangroes hae moed landard in places but in others the freshater egetation has been more resistant to change. This or proides a glimpse of the possible interactions beteen the ongoing press of sea leel rise and episodic pulse disturbances ith implications for management of the enabling managers to target localied areas in need of immediate interention. This research highlights the importance of adeuate freshater inputs to the region to ensure that the comple of freshater to saline egetation communities is maintained in the for as long as possible.

Contact nformation anielle gurca lorida nternational niersity th treet iami hone mail dogurcafiu.edu

170 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

CARON OGEOCHEMCAL ROCEE ALONG A MANGROVEALTMARH ECOTONE Todd Z. Osborne1,2 e ms e e m es e hitney bortory for rine ioscience, niersity of lorid, t ugustine, oil nd ter cience eprtent, niersity of lorid, inesille, ithsonin rine ttion, t ierce, Enironentl Engineering eprtent, niersity of lorid, inesille,

er the lst seerl decdes, winter freeze eents in northest lorid he declined significntly resulting in the northwrd dnceent of blc ngroe e ems nd red ngroe me counities into ore teperte cordgrss e dointed sltrsh ecosystes s orgnic crbon cycling processes re ineorbly lined to ecosyste structure nd function, we inestigted the chnges in orgnic crbon biogeocheicl cycling long the ngroe to sltrsh ecotone s one foundtionl egettion species is replced by nother of significntly different orphologicl nd physiologicl chrcter, the chnges in crbon processes such s priry production, decoposition, nd soil bsed crbon seuestrtion re epected to chnge lso e inestigted priry production, sesonlity of litter fll, decoposition, nd soil crbon processes to elute potentil chnges to the crbon cycling induced by shifts in doinnt egettion esults suggest tht priry productiity nd tiing of liter fll chnge significntly ong copeting species nd tht liter ulity nd decoposition dynics re drticlly ltered under ngroes ersus cordgrss plictions of these chnges of orgnic crbon biogeocheistry is wide rnging with respect to food web structure nd ecosyste function

ontct nfortion odd sborne, niersity of lorid, hitney bortory for rine ioscience, cen hore ld t ugustine, , nited ttes, hone , Eil osbornetufledu

171 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

CLMATE CHANGE AN THE GLOAL TRUTON OF MANGROVE FORET Michael J. Osland u u eee e u s me e uss ee eologicl urey, fyette, , undy onsulting erices t eologicl urey, fyette, , riffith onsulting erices t eologicl urey, fyette, , niersity of liforni, os ngeles, os ngeles, ,

n the st century, clite chnge is epected to gretly lter the globl distribution of ngroe forests rer tepertures re epected to propt the polewrd igrtion of ngroes t the epense of slt rshes ithin rid nd seirid esturies, ltered rinfll regies re epected to led to oscilltions in ngroe coerge Ecologists he long been wre of the influence of croclitic driers for eple, teperture nd rinfll regies upon the distribution of ngroe forests oweer, the bsence of suitble clite nd costl wetlnd dt hs constrined the untifiction of these linges t the globl scle ere, we used the best ilble dt to untify the role of croclitic driers in controlling the distribution of ngroe forests long costs tht spn tropicltoteperte trnsition zones for eple, ustrli nd ew elnd, Est si, outh fric, Estern orth eric, we identified nd copred iniu teperturebsed ecologicl thresholds tht chrcterize the trnsition zones between ngroes nd slt rshes long costs tht spn rid huid grdients for eple, est fric, estern outh eric, est ustrli, iddle Est, we untified rinfllbsed ecologicl thresholds tht chrcterize the trnsition zones between ngroes nd slt flts inlly, we used these clitecostl wetlnd linges to elute potentil chnges in distribution under lterntie future clite chnge scenrios ollectiely, our nlyses untify nd copre iportnt clitedrien ecologicl thresholds nd better elucidte the influence of croclitic driers upon the globl distribution of ngroe forests uch infortion is useful for better understnding the current distribution of ngroe forests s well s for prepring for the effects of clite chnge

ontct nfortion ichel slnd, eologicl urey, etlnd nd utic eserch enter, fyette, , , hone , Eil oslndusgsgo

172 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

MOELNG THE LNE TRUTON OF MANGROVE AN AOCATE EFAUNAL OULATON N A COATAL LAGOON m Richard Osman niersity of onnecticut, roton, , ithsonin Enironentl eserch enter, Edgewter, ,

he rtes of spred of ngroe nd ssocited epifun were odeled for the ndin ier goon, lorid he indiidulbsed odel diided the long lgoon into ,, by cells nd used current elocities generted fro seprte hydrodynic odel t fro the hydrodynic odel were used to generte current ectors for ech cell t inute interls Ech cell ws ssigned hbitt type, nd relese or recruitent of ngroe propgules or epifun lre were bsed on the suitbility of these hbitts ultiple species were included in the odel, ech with its own lifehistory preters elesed lre nd propgules were followed until ortlity or recruitent nd ny recruits were followed through uenile nd dult life stges or until ortlity ndiiduls tht suried until dulthood could reproduce nd relese new lre or propgules his odel ws used to eine the rte of spred of species fro rious founding popultions, the dependency of popultion sizes on hbitt type, the ipct of the introduction of nthropogenic hbitt docs, etties s n lternte hbitt for epifun, nd the effects of disturbnces such s freezing on popultion sizes nd recoery rtes priry gol ws to eine nd predict potentil ipcts on the epnsion of ngroes with clite chnge

ontct nfortion ohn ilton, eprtent of rine ciences, niersity of onnecticut, hennecossett od, roton, , hone , Eil ohnhiltonuconnedu

173 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

THE UE OF MANGROVE WOO ROUCT AROUN THE COLOMAN ACFC AMONGT UTENCE AN COMMERCAL UER Martha Lucia Palacios1 me e niersidd utno de ccidente, eprtento de iencis bientles niersidd del lle, eprtento de iolog, , li – olobirth lcios

olobin cific coprises ngroe forests nd other rine resources tht re of econoic, ecologicl, nd enironentl iportnce to the locl counities n totl households bout of the popultion, were interiewed to ssess the hun relince on ngroe resources in lg unchco, drilleros nd uenentur inguit, ocn y he surey indictes tht ngroes re n iportnt source of wood for building houses nd s under use ngroe products include terils for fuel ee to is the in source of piles for bridges, housing construction, bes, coluns nd floors me, uu ems nd e ems re the in sources for fuel he interiew further described hresting ctiities nd construction of houses species reeling preferences for this prticulr cse s result of resource destruction nd pollution, hs been eully ffected shellfish hresting s pingu sms nd ueus e beliee tht locl use ptterns will reuire ore coprehensie dt to estblish ngroe consertion policy nd reuireents for subsistence users

ontct nfortion rth uci lcios, niersidd utono de ccidente, eprtento de iencis bientles, li – olobi, hone et , Eil lplciosuoeduco

174 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

WHAT CONTROL OLEWAR RANGE LMT OF MANGROVE ee ee John D. Parker

i.e., ‘the tropicalization of the temperate zone’.

e ems me

175 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

NVETGATNG THE RELENCE OF MANGROVE ECOTEM AN FLER CRA N OUTH AFRCA e ess e ms us es Nasreen Peer1 uee elon anela etropolitan nierit, ort lizaeth, oth frica nierit of llan, ichar a, oth frica nierit of the etern ape, ape on, oth frica

anroe ecotem appear to e ite reilient an are preicte to rie enironmental chane in the foreeeale ftre. oeer, o manroeaociate fana alo ehiit reilience to temperatre hift, chane in hronamic, an anthropoenic actiit hi t aime to proie a re aement of oth frican manroe in term of poplation namic, macroenthic ierit, an anance for comparion ith pat recor. rthermore, a filer cra are e manroe component, e aee apect of their ecolo ner npreceente enironmental itrance.

he lat report otlinin the eneral tren of floral an fanal itrition in oth frican manroe a compile acnae in . olloin recent re of oth frican manroe, e fon that alon ith a polear epanion of manroe eetation a fe aociate fana iplae an increae in itrition, inclin polear hift a preicte to occr loall ith a hiftin climate. imilaritie between Macnae’s results and ours include the distinct grouping of the subtropical and temperate manroe tem a een the itinct tpe of ierit in each rop.

he t cia tar i larel cloe off to the ocean an a a relt the manroe ecotem in thi etar eperience irtall no tial action. e e su feein eperiment an ieo footae to etermine feein pattern an a erie of controlle laorator eperiment to ae the rial of ues larae ner the nie enironmental conition eperience rin retention ithin thi manroe tem. e fon that ner nontial conition feein ehaior arie eaonall, irnall an eteen ee. ues ha an impact of p to . on tanin toc in the mmer. hi i particlarl inificant hen conierin the lac of tie aailale for replenihment of thee toc. lthoh alt appear to e larel reilient, a nontial manroe haitat ma not e concie to ccefl reproction a larae are nale to ithtan nonmarine alinit leel eperience rin retention. he peritence of filer cra here epite the irption to their life ccle i larel epenent on near refe poplation hich ma e fnamental to the reilience of thi particlar tem.

n a loal ene, the nie manroe haitat in oth frica proie a reat opportnit to eamine the repone of thee e pecie to loal hift in climate an enironmental coneence ch a nontial haitat, ea leel rie, an riin temperatre. anroe macroentho, particlarl tre cra, are reilient to man chane. eilient pecie maintain ecotem fnction epite enironmental chane. erhap the e to conerin ecotem i to foc on the coneration of reilient pecie ithin thee ecotem. n thi cae, the coneration of e manroe fana hol e a priorit in oth frica to enre the contine reilience an preeration of manroe haitat in the ftre.

ontact information areen eer, elon anela etropolitan nierit epartment of oolo, mmertran oth amp, ort lizaeth , oth frica, mail peer.nareenmail.com

176 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

HOTONTHETC ERFORMANCE OF MANGROVE ECE N REONE TO VARNG ALNT Enrique Peña e es me e u s niersidad del alle epartamento de iologa niersidad utnoma de ccidente epartamento de iencias mbientales ali olombia

e determined the relationship between leaf gas echange characteristics and salinit of the mangroe species me and ee ssimilation–light response cures indicated that the diurnal salinit changes in the estuar hae significant effect on the photosnthetic performance of both species oweer shortterm tidal flooding caused a reduction in maimum leafleel carbon assimilation rate lthough differences were eident between species for mostl all measured photosnthetic parameters in both species there was little consistenc of those phsiological responses between stations here were no significant effect or slight enhancement of carbon assimilation e obtained little eidence that contrasting salinities affect leaf gas echange characteristics of mangroe seedlings or saplings oer long time interals oweer tidal changes of salinit ma cause shortterm depressions in leaf gas echange he adaptation of mangroe plants to salinit will liel reeal photosnthetic and morphological adustment to hdrological conditions of the estuar

ontact nformation nriue ea niersidad del alle iologia alle o – ali alle del auca olombia hone mail enriuepenacorreounialleeduco

177 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

REONE OF GROWTH NTERACTON ETWEEN MANGROVE AN SPARTINA ALTERNIFLORA ACRO TAL ELEVATON GRAENT u Dan Peng

e e e e e e e e

e e e e ‘ organ’ e e e e e e e e e e e

178 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

REUCE REATON R RVE THE TRUTON ATTERN OF TWO ULMONATE GATROO N A MANGROVEALTMARH TRANTONAL HATAT Yisheng Peng1,2,3 ee oo o nronn r nr o oa a nan raa oo o nronna n an ngnrng ar nr o an n n an nr ango na angong rona aoraor o nronna oon onro an aon noog n an nr ango na angong n o ooga or ango na

ona meus s an eus us a ron arn n arn angro an aar aa on a raan oa a gg nnaon onon o an an gaon orag r ron or arn n ro o nronna arar oo aaa a r an raon rr n rnng rona arn o garoo a aa aong ran annng aar angro an oon aa or o a oaon anan orr n aar or oon n angro an aar a an n r n r o nronna arar ra rar n an or onn an oo aaa organ onn an roono anan angro a aa a oa aa or ona or aoraor rn ra ogn na o ona n rg ro ar o o ara ra rror ng rn o raor on ra us uss an oa raoona a gr n angro oar o o n oon an r aar nrar o rorng ao gg g ora o garoo a rng ro raor ng angro aa rng g ao aor aang ron o ona n angro gr raon r rr orrn o s an us n angro ara r gg a ron arn o ona a orn oo ro nronna aor an nraon raor

ona noraon ng ng oo o nronna n an ngnrng n an nr o rn ngang oa ango na on a an

179 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

VEGETATON REGME HFT N COATAL WETLAN AFFECT TRANG OF WRAC UE FROM UTAL HATAT Steven C. Pennings1 u u s e ues me ee se e es ms arn o oog an or nr o oon oon arn o arn oog a nr a aon aon ora nrnaona nr a

angro gaon rang o gr a o goa arng angro no nang oaon ro ona a ar gaon on a rng rg ro gra an orona aa o ar oo gaon o rg a rang o ra n a a oaa an n rna ra n o a ar n nona angro or ro o rn nnng angro on aror an nar or rana ar gaon oon ara r angro a n ro arng n o o o angro n a rang o arn ra ra oa ona ron an r a an agra n o or angro or ra ranor a rogo o o o n onra n o gr angro or ao a o ra ra angro n r r o o o o arn ar ng o a rn arn o ra ranor a gooroog ra rang n ron o o roo on o a o arar ra ro organ ar o an o an nron ra r an an nrra on ra or a ror on ona ao an n n o a angro naon a oaa an ra o ra an ror onnra raa ro a ron g o an

ona noraon r n nnng nr o oon arn o oog an or n oon n a on a nnng

180 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

AN NVETGATON NTO OCAL LEARNNG NAMC AN CONVERON TO UTANALE NTEGRATE MANGROVE HRM FARMNG N NH A TRCT EN TRE ROVNCE VETNAM Nguyen Thi Huynh Phuong1, m e e sm e u 1 u e1 e ems an o nr n r an o na agnngn nr an ar nr agnngn ran

n ong a oaa ara or angro or a r or a n n n r ron ara o angro or a a ra n a a oran o roa angro or o or oaa roon ar onr n o r n or angro ar no an onr o o r rang o oaa roon an or n orr o ra non o o Mekong’s government services supported by NGOs and donors, battle for the maintenance or expansion o ara or angro ror on o o ronaon ro ornn o roo angror n arr n o anan a a o r ara or angro n roraon ar an roon o angro n on ro o oa aor a ara o angro or n n r a nra

an ar a an ang o angro or n n r an or oaa ron n ong a no rar a og o o ro o oa na n farmers’ willingness to build or maintain Integrated Mangrove Shrimp systems. Specifically, the influence o noraon gro na an oa arnng on onang o arr no nroo an ar nga n na

ar ror on a oong a oa ro n r on n n a r n r ron na anra oro rr nr ror arr an g oa or an onar aa arar ra o oa arnng on o nraon ngraon ornaon an ron rnar nng na a oa arnng rn an a an oran ro in adoption or conversion of farmers’ into ana ngra angro r or ro o arnng ar aong r on an nog ar rn

ona noraon gn n ong arn o or – ogra or oo o oa n an an nr o an o an o na on a nongn

181 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

MANGROVE CRA (ARATUS SP. HERVOR ON RE MANGROVE TREE (RHIZOPHORA MANGLE L N MAGALENA A AN CORE ONE OF ALANRA AA CALFORNA UR MXCO e smeue Alejandro Pleités-Nieto niversidad de aa alifornia Sur, a a, ..S, Mxico

rab herbivory associated to mangrove trees highly influence ecological interactions. us, a well studied genus of crabs in estern tlantic, can be responsible of appoximately of total leaf damage in a monotypic red mangrove stand, composing almost 84% of the crab’s diet. his crabs, however, has also shown oportunistic feeding behaviour, as it is capable of supplementing their diet with animal tissue as well. hese, organisms ingest such copious amounts of mangrove leaf material due to its availability, regardless their low nutritional value. his does not seem to happen in astern acific. here have been observations that in l Salvador, entral merica, crabs prefer feeding on prop roots rather than canopy leaves. his research aims to explain the herbivory of acific us crabs, and analysing their food sources.

In order to study us feeding behaviour, from february to december , we measured changes in crab density, and the organisms verticial position on the tree between high and receding tides. e installed m sampling cubes on red mangrove trees, at the tide highest height. lso, we marked prop roots every cm from to cm, considering cm right below the cubes. hen, every minutes, during the high tide, we counted all the crabs within the cubes, and the ones outside on their respective mark, and measured the diameter of the roots or branches where we founded them. In addition we characteried the sampling sites microhabitat, estimating the average prop root abundance, lenght, percentage of root epibionts, temperature, and relative humidity.

rabs were the most abundant . crabsm . on uly, when the temperature was at its second highest value . ., being une the highest . .. hereas, the lowest density was on ecember . crabsm ., . .. hey were found mostly outside the cubes at cm .. rop root average abundance was . ., their height . ., and the percentage of epibiont coverage . ..

hese organisms are likely to go lower on the prop roots as the tide lowers, which uncovers the epibionts they feed on. ccording to our findings, the crabs do no eat canopy leaves, but we are still to find out what are the they actually assimilating into their organisms. e have collected crab tissue, canopy fresh leaves, and prop root material, to analyse through stable isotopes and estimate their real food source.

ontact Information afael iosmena odrgue, niversidad de aa alfornia Sur, arretera al Sur m ., a a, ..S., Mxico. hone . mail riosmenauabcs.mx

182 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

MARHMANGROVE NTERACTON HORT TERM EXERMENTAL REULT AN LONGER TERM CONEUENCE FOR LOT OMNANCE C.E. Proffitt e e s ept. of iological ciences, lorida tlantic niversity, t. ierce, , iology epartment, illanova niversity, illanova, ,

s mangrove species shift their ranges ith climate change, interactions ith marsh species ill become increasingly more important to habitat strctre and ecological fnction. e have condcted a series of eperiments and observational stdies at several sites aimed at improving noledge abot some of the interactions. e hypothesied that coloniing mangrove seedlings ill be affected differently by varios marsh species and combinations of marsh species. hese marsh effects ill not change the fact that trees ill eventally otcompete marsh plants, bt ill inflence the relative dominance of mangrove seedlings and saplings establishing in a plot.

n one eperiment in the ndian iver agoon at ittle d ree, e established in 8 different salt marsh treatments 8 replicates each of bare nvegetated plots, monocltres of each species, and , and 4 gropings of species sing partina alterniflora, . patens, esvim portlcastrm, and istichlis spicata. ight months later, a target red mangrove me as planted in the middle of each eperimental patch. e folloed marsh plant clonal groth, groth and leaf prodction of the target seedling, and ne recritment by mangrove seedlings initially for a year, and later 4 retrned to assess longterm conseences of the initial effects seen. oth salt marsh clonal groth and me groth as generally less at loer elevations.

ring the first year, presence of all salt marsh species monocltres and combinations promoted groth of the target me and redced the adverse effects of deeper ater seen in bare no marsh plots. e and usum monocltres had the greatest effects on me groth, and es and s, the least. ompared to groth in bare plots, e increased the stem groth of . mangle by . after acconting for the covariates propagle sie stored maternal reserves and ma ater depth. . patens increased . mangle groth over that of bare plots, and the tospecies combination, . alterniflora . patens had an even greater effect. he formarshspecies combination increased the groth of . mangle by ., and some combinations of and species had effects on groth. ther combinations, especially several ith s cased mch smaller increases in me groth over that seen in bare plots. or nely recrited ems seedling densities, es and s monocltres, and the e es pair treatment had the greatest effects. n contrast, e monocltre, and . alterniflora sa combination, and the for species treatment all had negative effects on ems recritment. lso, area of marsh patches had a effect, and maimm ater depth had a – effect. e and es monocltres and the treatment in hich they ere paired, had the greatest effects on recritment of uu ems. oever, e had a strong negative effect on recritment of ne me seedlings, hile the es s and es usum treatments prodced effects.

ive years later, mangroves ranging in sie from to m tall dominate most of the site, althogh marsh plants still occr in varying abndance depending on degree of canopy closre. n plots sbected to the original marsh treatments e s, e es, and e usum a marginal p. for the last one, the abndance of ems trees as loer than in originally bare treatments. bndance of ems trees ere sbstantially greater in plots that had originally been planted ith usum alone, ith marginally significant p. effects also of es es usum paired treatment, and the formarshspecies treatment. espite effects on seedlings, no salt marsh treatments significantly inflenced the evental abndance of me trees.

he reslts of other eperiments and large adrat, mltiyear observational stdies of coloniation and groth ill be presented as time permits.

ontact nformation d roffitt, ept. of iological ciences, lorida tlantic niversity, co , , t. ierce, 44, nited tates, hone 4, mail cproffitfa.ed

183 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

TAEHOLER ANAL ON THE MANGROVE CHARCOAL ROUCTON TEM AT MATANG MANGROVE FORET REERVE ENNULAR MALAA ess use e e u m u us m uues

–

184 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

THE COATAL HATAT NTEGRATE MANG AN MONTORNG ROGRAM (CHMM TATU AN EXTENT OF FLORIDA’S MANGROVE AN ALT MARHE Kara R. Radabaugh s e e

Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission’s (FWC) Fish and Wildlife Research Institute (FWRI) mitigation and protection of Florida’s coastal wetlands.

185 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

EOSSTE ARON STO AND STAND STRTRE AROSS TE INTERTIDAL ONE IN SNDARANS RESERED FOREST ANLADES Md. Mizanur Rahman1 m me mu oto niversit oto apan angladeah Forest epartment angladesh

angroves which are grown in etween land and sea pla a crucial role in mitigating gloal climate change. hese different environmental settings mae mangrove as a heterogeneous ecosstem in term of species composition growth and productivit there affecting forest structure and caron seuestration. he present stud analed a large scale forest inventor data collected following a sstematic grid sampling aimed at investigating the forest structural properties and ecosstem caron stocs in landward interior and seaward one of undarans Reserved Forest (RF). he canop cover () and stem densit (trees ha) in the three ones were not varied significantl (p .). While mean canop height and asal area showed an upward pattern from seaward to interior to landward one of RF (p .). he ecosstem caron stocs varied significantl among the three ones in RF (p .). In multiple comparisons (east ignificant ifference est) it was found that the landward one of RF contained significantl highest caron stocs (.. g C ha) followed interior (.. g C ha) and seaward one (.. g C ha). owever this pattern of vegetation structure and ecosstem caron stocs ma alter if sea level rise continues at the current predicted level coupled with removal of upstream flow dam or arrage eep going. ecause of these two factors the seaward vegetation (mainl dominated e and es e) will move toward interior and landward one as well the mangrove area will also shrin.

Contact Information d. ianur Rahman aorator of Forest Resources and ocietraduate chool of griculture oto niversit itashiraawa iwaecho aou oto hone mail md.rahman.sst.otou.ac.p or mianfwtgmail.com

186 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

ILL TE EXANSION OF ANROES FORESTS ALTER TE NRSER FNTION OF ESTARIES IN SOT AFRIA Anusha Rajkaran1 e ms e s3 u m mes niversit of Western Cape Cape own W.C. R elson andela etroplitan niversit ort liaeth .C. R Rhodes niversit rahamstown .C. R outh frican Institute of uatic iodiversit rahamstown .C. R

long the eastern coast of frica mangroves are present from omalia (. ) to outh frica (. ). loall climatic variales pla a defining role in maintaining the distriution of plants. Climate change has alread influence distriution patterns of flora and fauna and this will continue in the future. Increase in temperature and changes in atmospheric caron dioide levels ma result in mangroves coloniing higher latitudinal areas replacing C species such as mm this is comparale to ush encroachment recorded in the grassland areas of the world where tree species replace more palatale grass species.

Currentl there are si species of mangrove found in outh frica and two associate species and it is considered to e most threatened and the rarest forest tpes in outh frica. In mangroves etended from osi a to ahoon in outh frica ut more recentl mangroves have een recorded in two more estuaries this is related to changes in climate and also the artificial plantings. It is widel accepted that mangroves are important nurser areas for various fish species most evidence is circumstantial and there is still deate as to the importance of mangrove haitat to fishes relative to other haitats. With the epansion of mangroves it is unnown how fish aundance and ehavior will change. Recentl underwater video techniues have een used to stud fish assemlages in estuaries. his method is ideall suited to stud fish assemlages within difficult to sample haitats and allows for ehavioural oservations. his stud correlates the structural compleit of emergent and sumergent haitats with fish aundance and ehavior in two estuaries and tries to draw conclusions on how this will change in the future as a conseuence of changes in dominant intertidal species.

In the warmtemperate ushmans stuar compleit indices indicate that se ess (seagrass) is a more comple haitat than mm (saltmarsh) and the nonvegetated sand flats. sus u an estuarinedependent marine species was found in significantl higher numers in seagrass eds compared to saltmarsh and nonvegetated haitats (sand). he higher incidence of fish slowl meandering in seagrass also indicates ehaviour associated with high use. In the sutropical ngaana stuar results indicated that the prop roots of provides a higher degree of compleit than the roots of uue. he comination of ess and the associated mangrove compleities resulted in connected haitats having a higher comple sumerged haitat than mangrove haitats that were onl connected to mudflats. he total relative fish aundance correlated the increased structural compleit. he compleit in seagrass ma provide a higher degree of protection from predators while mangroves will provide nutrition and microhaitat than saltmarsh and sand flats. he stud shows the importance of diversified haitats in estuaries to support associated faunal communities. his stud hopes to show how the loss of mm due to mangrove epansion will influence the nurser function of estuaries.

Contact Information nusha Raaran epartment of iodiversit and Conservation iolog Facult of atural cience rivate ag ellville hone mail araaranuwc.ac.a

187 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

AITAT RESTORATION INITIATIES TO FFER OTENTIAL IATS OF LIATE ANE IN TE TAA A ESTAR e Gary Raulerson1 ee ee s ee mme e u s ms m es ampa a stuar rogram t. etersurg F an Francisco C Restore America’s Estuaries rlington Florida Fish Wildlife Conservation Commission t. etersurg F ampa F t. etersurg F

everal initiatives are underwa in the ampa a estuar to identif haitat restoration opportunities that could offset impacts related to future climate change. Initial vulnerailit assessments have indicated that potential areal decline of seagrass mangroves saltwater marsh salt arrens and coastal freshwater wetlands ma result from a variet of climate change related processes. Currentl opportunities to create sutidal and upland refugia to allow for haitat migrations or restoration of critical coastal haitats to occur are eing prioritied in the watershed. Identifing these opportunities will not onl allow coastal managers to maintain the areal etent of critical coastal haitats within the estuar ut also potentiall uffer other anticipated impacts of future climate change. For instance the ampa a stuar rogram () in partnership with Restore America’s Estuaries and Environmental cience ssociates Inc. will determine the “Blue Carbon” enefits of continuing tidal wetland and seagrass restoration in the estuar to seuester and store greenhouse gases. In addition anticipated impacts related to ocean acidification ma also e uffered from continuing restoration efforts. ongterm monitoring data collected within the estuar have indicated a general increase in p coincident with seagrass recover since the s. he in partnership with the nited tates eological urve and Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute will develop a longterm ocean and coastal acidification (C) monitoring framewor to assess the etent to which seagrass recover has helped uffer against the chemical impacts of ocean acidification. ogether these efforts will further guide future restoration and adaptation planning in the estuar in response to oth climate change and continuing land development pressures in the watershed.

Contact Information d herwood ampa a stuar rogram th ve. outh uite t. etersurg F hone mail esherwoodtep.org

188 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

IORTANE OF ATOTONOS SORES FOR ASTROOD ONSERS IN STROIAL ESTARINE ANROES A ASE STD FRO SOT AFRIA e ess es Jacqueline Raw see ee elson andela etroolitan niversit ort Eliabet out Arica

anrove abitats are considered to be oliotroic as alloctonous material redominantl rom te marine environment rovides a maor source o rimar carbon to establised ood ebs At subtroical latitudes manrove orests rovide resilient and stable abitats or ticall troical auna oever te i ener coastline o eastern out Arica restricts te occurrence o manrove abitats to estuarine areas ese manrove orests ave limited connectivit to te marine environment unlie te trul coastal and laoonormin manrove abitat tes t is tereore eected tat rimar consumers itin estuarine manroves ma be more reliant on autoctonous carbon sources tat could be limited in terms o availabilit

e aim o tis stud as to identi te dominant autoctonous sources available to bentic rimar consumers itin estuarine manroves e ocused on bentic deositeedin astroods as te are e manrove macrobentos comonents tat are eected to indiscriminatel include a ide variet o resources in their diets. A stable isotope approach (δN and δC comlemented it ut content identiication as used to determine te dominant sources utilied b bentic astroods itin estuarine manrove abitats e also used su eeriments to estimate te otential eedin imacts o rain snails on dail microalal roductivit

ur results soed tat bentic astroods itin estuarine manroves are larel reliant on autoctonous sources oever tere is a clear artitionin o resources amonst secies Caracteristic manrove secies suc as te iant manrove el ee uss inneaus and te climbin manrove el ee e innaeus ad clearl deined diets consistin o a e rominent sources Adult uss ed almost eclusivel on manrove lea litter ile e consumed redominantl sedimentar oranic matter A native tiarid ees ueu ller tat occurs oortunisticall itin resater seeae areas o te estuarine manrove abitat ad a muc broader diet tat included a lare roortion o manrove derived detritus easonal variations in diet ere onl recorded or adult uss and ere resumabl related to decreased lea all durin te lo rainall eriod Altou bot ueu and uvenile uss consumed bentic microalae a siniicant rain imact as onl recorded or te latter

e use and artitionin o available resources amonst manrove consumers are imortant asects to consider en assessin te overall unctionin o tese ecosstems As autoctonous sources are interal to bentic consumers suc as astroods teir imortance to oter rimar consumers itin estuarine manroves sould also be assessed estuarine manrove ood ebs are larel suorted b autoctonous rimar sources tese sstems need to be considered as selreliant and otentiall more vulnerable to localied imacts aintainin te interit and unctionalit o estuarine sstems is tereore a conservation riorit or out Arican manroves

Contact normation acueline Ra elson andela etroolitan niversit co eartment o oolo ummerstrand out Camus ort Eliabet out Arica one Email snmmuaca

189 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

OSOTI ADATATION IN ANROES AND ASSOIATESA ALLENE FOR DERADED ANROE EOSSTE Krishna Ray1*, uǂ m emǂ um s Environmental Biotecnolo rou eartment o Botan est Benal tate niversit Barasat est Benal ndia eartment o Botan andi Ra Collee andi ursidabad est Benal ndia

anroves are a eteroeneous assemblae o lants belonin to dierent amilies o dierent lineaes conined in a ell caracteried i salinit intertidal ecoloical nice Converent evolution as climaed into common adatation mecanisms in a taonomicall diverse assemblae o manrove secies to tolerate il saline environment dm and tidal ater loin Communities o oter taonomicall remote secies as manrove associates coeistin it manroves in intertidal one and mudlats also stabilie and diversi te manrove ecosstem in undarbans ur etensive stud in estern art o ndian undarbans as emasied on te adative sioloical mecanisms underlin te turor maintenance and osmotic adustment in secies o true manroves and secies o manrove associates rom deraded and nonderaded manrove ecosstems ur observations establis ener intensive oranic osmolte accumulation as a maor survival strate o manrove and manrove associates it te associates eibitin reater lasticit to survive in deraded manrove ecosstems ntesis o nitroenric and enerintensive oranic solutes and otosntates roved to be stron selective advantae or manroves to counter to salt stress but tis adatation is too eensive in terms o metabolic costs resultin into inevitable tradeo aainst its rot A common resonse observed under i salinit stress is tat lastidic starc reresentin a reserve o suars is raidl converted to soluble eose suars and become te atea or osmotic rotection in manrove and its associates ereas te nitroen ric comatible solute accumulation is larel secies seciic oever it is ound to be ar more callenin or manroves en te ave to maintain tis osmotic adustment under deraded soil conditions e nitroen metabolism initial otosntetic carbolation and starc to suar conversion rates are te e actors tat control te osmolte sntesis and our researc also ocus on tese enmatic activities under bot deraded and non deraded manrove ecosstems o te manroves and te associates it bac in deraded ecosstems to maintain te ecosstem omeostasis trou osmotic adustment is uite intriuin obect o stud

Contact normation risna Ra est Benal tate niversit Environmental Biotecnolo rou eartment o Botan Berunanuuria aliaur Barasat AA est Benal ort aranas ndia one Email ramailcom

190 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

ANROES AT TE ARA A SO ALO RAIL A ISTORIAL EOLO AROA Armando S. Reis-Neto1 eee ueme u nstitute o Ener and Environment niversit o o aulo o aulo Brail ceanoraic nstitute niversit o o aulo o aulo Brail

anroves are tidal orests ere native Brailians ave alas reaced out or ood and rotection oever since te arrival o te Euroeans to te Americas in te t centur oular belie as lined tese ecosstems to te sread o diseases and astelands

n Brail manroves ave istoricall bein used as landill and land reclamation olloin antroocentric models tat oment redator metods or caital reroduction rom te t to te t centur te industries o alin suar cane and coee ave stronl inluenced uman occuation in te coastal one o outeast Brail romotin cabotae transortation it te intensiication o industrial activities in te t centur te natural eritae as been even more comromised treatenin te a o lie o traditional communities e ort o o ebastio in te state o o aulo as oiciall establised as earl as te ear o as one o te strateies to suort suc industrialiation rocess n te olloin to decades landill and droloical alterations ormed an artiicial embament te Ara ba

is researc aim to describe te evolution o te manroves in tis ba rom te ointovie o istorical Ecolo e Ara ba as currentl an area o m in ic m are occuied b resilient manrove nuclei ue to te social unrest caused b lans o ort eansion te relativel small area o manroves o te ole ba as laed a bi role in conservationist eorts anroves are considered areas o ermanent rotection A b te Brailian environmental leislation e lans o ort eansion ould comromise u to o te bas area in ears at caused bot te ederal and te tate ublic rosecutor oices as te uerior Court o ustice or te reclusion o suc develoment ic as been ranted in te ear o

e Ara ba as one o te last remainin manroves in te nortern state o o aulo and its conservation is crucial to uman communities and to te environment itsel eseciall in te contet o uncertainties brout b an alarmin sea level rise scenario

Contact normation Armando oares dos Reiseto Ener and Environment nstitute EE Avenida roessor uciano ualberto – Cidade niversitria – CE – Butant – o aulo one Email armandousbr

191 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

ANO ASIE NIE DIFFERENTIATION AND AASE REENERATION AS RITIAL EANISS TO EXLAIN FOREST STRTRAL AND FNTIONAL ATTRITES IN TE EERLADES ANROE EOTONE REION Victor H. Rivera-Monroy1 se ess es m us –

factors filling the gaps by “chance species“ rather than by the best adapted species. Here, we assessed these me me uu ems ems e ems me ems ems me me ems

192 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

ESTIATIN SEIESSEIFI AOEROND ANROE IOASS IN A ARIEAN OEANI ISLAND SAN ANDRES OLOIA e e e V.H Rivera-Monroy e niersidad acional de olobia sede aribe niersidad acional de olobia sede ogot epartent of ceanography and oastal ciences, oisiana tate niersity aton oge, oisana orporation for the stainable eelopent of the rchipelago epartent of an ndres, roidencia and anta atalina,

angroe forests are crrently recognied as carbon sins in tropical and sbtropical coastal regions. Howeer, there are few regional speciesspecific alloetric odels representing paraeters associated to local enironental gradients controlling forest growth rates. he tiliation of these localregional odels significantly redces ncertainties in the estiating of aboegrond carbon stocs, especially when etrapolating to landscape leels. he obectie of this research was to deelop alloetric eations for three neotropical angroe species that were felled dring the constrction of trail for enironental edcation in the angroe egional ar ld oint in the aribbean sland of an ndrs, olobia. he nber of trees sed per species was ariable depending on species age and spatial distribtion along the trail me e emnans, , uu ems . he best fit was represented by the eation y bHa , p . for total bioass, stes, branches and leaes. regional coparison aong eations pblished for the sae species in other locations throghot the eotropoics show that or estiations had a lower coefficient of ariation when calibrated with other in sit easreents. r reslts nderscore the need to deelop eations sing su easreents to redce ncertainty in the estiation of both aboegrond bioass and carbon allocation.

ontact nforation airo edina, niersidad acional de olobia sede aribe, ail hedinacnal.ed.co

193 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

ANROE DISTRITION ANES IN ASTRALIA AND TE LNERAILIT OF ANROE TO SEALEEL RISE Kerrylee Rogers e 2 us e niersity of ollongong, ollongong, , acarie niersity, ydney, , niersity of ew oth ales, ydney, ,

angroes florish along low energy estarine shorelines and coastlines in the tropics whereas saltarshes doinate teperate shorelines and coastlines. angroes of the species e ehibit cold tolerance that enables it to etend to higher latitdes than other species and stdies hae docented both latitdinal etensions and landward encroachent of e in teperate and sbtropical settings. hese distribtion changes hae been attribted to a range of factors, any of which are associated with cliate change and ariability, inclding increases in teperatre, sea leel, atospheric carbon dioide concentrations and rainfall ariability.

n stralia, the latitdinal etension of e m is liited to the ainland by the geographic barrier of ass trait, a wide oceanic passage hypothesied to eclde the distribtion of e m fro the sothernost state of asania. n teperate stralia, angroe and saltarsh occpy the pper and lower portion of the egetated intertidal one, respectiely and there is docented eidence of florishing e m, and associated saltarsh displaceent estiated to hae occrred fro at least the s, bt perhaps een fro the s. angroe encroachent into saltarsh is now a well docented occrrence throghot the region. tension of angroe along tidal crees and large tidal estaries and associated displaceent of pland freshwater egetation has also been docented in tropical orthern stralia and latitdinal etension of ss has been recorded along the sbtropical coastline of eastern stralia. he national scale of obserations of landward angroe etension iply that they are cased by processes that operate across the region, sch as sealeel rise, increasing teperatre or increases in atospheric carbon dioide, thogh the degree of change ay be ediated by localied processes operating along shorelines. tdies seeing to lin obserations of angroe distribtion changes to cliate change hae applied neros technies, thogh a clear casal lin reains elsie, in large part de to the cople and interacting effect of cliate change and ariability on coastal processes.

ccessional theory sees to place crrent intertidal egetation distribtions in the contet of sbstrate eoltion howeer conteporary changes in angroe distribtion in stralia are inconsistent with sccessional theory, which dictates that oer tie, angroe habitats bild eleation to create higher intertidal sbstrates faorable for saltarsh establishent. ontrary to sccessional theory, this paper sees to deonstrate that conteporary changes in angroe distribtion in stralia are consistent with palaeo indicators of changes in angroe distribtion oer the Holocene, with changes in relatie sealeel proposed as the corresponding process operating at both conteporary and geological tiescales. y integrating inforation on sbstrate eleation and sedientary dynaics with estiates of distribtion change at a range of tiescales, we proect that the regional lnerability of angroe to sealeel rise in stralia is low. Howeer, at the local scale, the lnerability of angroe to sealeel rise ay be highly ariable and dependent pon sitespecific geoorphology and sedientary dynaics. n contrast, the lnerability of saltarsh to sealeel rise is higher de to a range of factors that increase their sensitiity and liit their adaptie capacity. nderstanding the interaction of global sealeel rise with local factors inflencing relatie sealeel rise is essential for ipleenting anageent actions that aintain or iproe angroe ecosyste serices in the st centry.

ontact nforation errylee ogers, chool of arth and nironental cience, niersity of ollongong, , hone , ail erryleeow.ed.a

194 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

DISTRANE SITE AND EETATION FEEDAS REATE LANDSAE STRTRE IN SOT FLORIDA OASTAL ETLANDS Michael S. Ross e eee lorida nternational niersity, iai, ,

n the coastal one of the sbtropical hrricane belt, proected changes in cyclone and freee regies ay interact with rising seas to alter landscape strctre, inclding both arshangroe osaics and patchwors of dwarf and tall angroes. e stdied the responses of a sothern iscayne ay, , coastal angroe forest to hrricanes Hrricanes ndrew , atrina and ila and ltiple chilling eents oer a year period, sppleenting reote sensing analyses with field sreys following hrricane and freee eents. s recently as , the stdy area consisted of a tall angroe fringe baced by a relatiely nprodctie bracish and freshwater arshes that etended far inland. oday, dwarf angroes hae replaced the arsh, and the fringe forest has widened considerably, bt canopy height still decreases sharply with distance fro the coast, reflecting nderlying transitions in soils changeoer fro organic to carbonate sedient and hydrology redced tidal flshing. he landscape pattern is ade ore cople by patches of large trees that for oer bedroc depressions, and ditches whose leees spport taller trees. e sed i data to ap crrent forest strctre, and assessed distrbance response based on egetation indices deried fro a seence of andsat iages fro to . , the bestperforing inde, showed that angroe responses to chilling and hrricane eents ehibited distinct spatial patterns, as follows seere daage fro intense chilling eents was concentrated in interior basin forests with tree heights less than , while seere daage fro intense hrricanes was constrained to the ringe angroe forest near the coast. t too onths for daage fro intense chilling eents and hrricanes to reach their fll etent, and years for the angroe forest to recoer fro these distrbances. nly seere daage fro hrricanes and intense chilling eents cold be detected in andsat iages, as strong and consistent seasonal ariation discernible in both warf and ringe angroe forests liited the capacity of or ethod to detect weaer chilling eents. Howeer, field obserations showed that cold nights in which teperatres did not reach freeing often cased etensie ortality and diebac in sall frost pocets. agery and analytical ethods addressed at these finerscale responses ay soon allow s to nderstand the orphogenesis of coastal landscapes as cliate, sea leel, and distrbance regies change.

ontact nforation ichael oss, , , iai, , hone , ail rossfi.ed

195 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

EOEOOROLO TOARDS A NIFIED FRAEOR TO EXLAIN STRTRAL AND FNTIONAL ROERTIES OF ANROE EOSSTES Andre S. Rovai1 e e se ue uees u se mss ess se u s niersidade ederal de anta atarina, lorianopolis, , rail epartent of ceanography and oastal ciences, oisiana tate niersity, aton oge, , entro gronico ropical de nestigacin y nseana , rrialba, artago, osta ica

ie their terrestrial conterparts angroe forests hold eident relationship with cliatic ariables. Howeer, nlie pland egetation they eoled and respond to dynaic coastal settings. he enironental setting hypothesis H states that geoorphological, geophysical and biological processes, along with regional cliate, control the strctre and fnction of tropical coastal ecosystes. e hypothesied that angroe soil properties are eplained by regional rather than latitdinal effects. e predicted that angroe soil ntrient aailability carbonnitrogenphosphors is controlled by rier discharge , tidal aplitde , ini teperatre of coldest onth in, ini precipitation of driest onth in, and potential eapotranspiration . o test or assptions we sapled a ariety of coastal enironental settings , that is deltaic, estarine, coposite waerier doinated, and arstic coastal landfors, across the eotropics total of sites three eter deep cores per site. concentration g c was not correlated with latitde ., p., df, while and , and , and ratios were ., ., ., ., and ., respectiely ⍺. for this and following analyses. lthogh for all the ariables differences were obsered across and sites within twoway , the coponents of ariation indicated the eplained ost of the ariation ranging fro for to for , with sites acconting for a sall portion of the ariability for , and for . with ariables , , and bl density showed differences across , ecept between tide and waedoinated deltaic, and carbonate and coposite waerierdoinated settings, both of which do not receie direct inflence fro . in, in, , , and , were significantly correlated to the ltiariate dispersion perans correlation, and eplained the gradient fored ranging fro sites that receie rier inpt and hae low ratios to sites with little or no rier inpt and are liited. r findings challenge crrent iews in angroe acroecology and sggest potential bias in conteporary cliatebased odels as well as direct aboegrondbelowgrond alloetric relationships sed to estiate global soil bdgets. rther, or reslts point ot the releance of scale when selecting enironental ariables to predict egetation prodctiity and sccessional processes. hile soe trends in angroe egetation ay be readily apparent and straightforward to interpret in light of latitdinal ariation, acroscale in these coastal wetlands coprises geoorphological regional bondaries, inclding cliate and relatie sealeel change. he H is proposed as a nified theory to eplain ch of the unaccounted structural and functional diversity of mangroves, including the system’s strategies to allocate , which is tterly lined to aailability.

ontact nforation ndre oai, epartaento de cologia e oologia, niersidade ederal de anta atarina, rindade, lorianopolis, , rail , hone , ail asroaigail.co

196 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

TROI STRTRE OF ANROE EOSSTES IN EASTERN ASTRALIA AND TE INT OF ANTROOENI N INSITS FRO STALE ISOTOE ANALSIS Neil Saintilan ess ume acuarie niversity, acuarie ar, ydney, ustralia

ran develoment in coastal settings has increased the inut of nitrogen into estuaries gloally, in many cases changing the comosition of estuarine ecosystems y focussing on three adacent estuaries ith a gradient of anthroogenic loadings, e used stale isotoes of and to test for changes due to increased anthroogenic inut on the structure of some ey trohic linages in mangrove forests lderson et al

tomach content analysis of itinerant fish eiting the saltmarshmangrove ith the eing tide has demonstrated etremely high roortions of cra larvae in the gut of glassfish massis acsoniensis, as ell as flat tail mullet ia argentea and lue eye seudomugil signifer, and this trohic linage holds consistently eteen estuaries in ustralia aumder et al e found a consistent enrichment in δ15N corresponding to increased anthroogenic at the three ecosystem levels studied fine benthic organic matter, grazing crabs, and planktivorous fish. The degree of enrichment in δ15N eteen fine enthic organic matter and the grasid cra arasesarma erythrodactyla as identical across the three sites he glassfish massis acsoniensis shoed loer levels of enrichment comared to asal food sources at the higher loaded sites, suggesting a ossile effect of anthroogenic in decreasing foodchain length in these estuaries

ontact nformation eil aintilan, ead, eartment of nvironmental cience, acuarie niversity, acuarie ar, ydney , ustralia, hone , mail neilsaintilanmeduau

197 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

A OARATIE ASSESSENT OF DAAES AND REENERATION ATTERNS ETEEN LANTED AND NATRAL ANROE STANDS AFTER ATASTROI TOONS IN TE ILIINES Severino G. Salmo III e s teneo de anila niversity, ueon ity, etro anila, hiliines

he hiliines, an archielagic country located in the estern acific egion, is considered as one of the most vulnerale countries against catastrohic tyhoons angroves are also vulnerale as they first suffer the runt of the tyhoon he vulneraility of mangroves against tyhoon is further aggravated y the severe lost and degraded state of mangroves in the country assive mangrove lanting rograms have een imlemented since the s to restore forest cover and rotect the coast against tyhoons oever, most of these mangrove lantations are monosecific and are located in suotimal conditions ie highly saline and freuently inundated oftentimes ith stunted groth and oor survival n this study, e evaluated the imacts of three catastrohic tyhoons in three sites in the hiliines yhoon engshen une central isayas yhoon hanhom ay orthestern uon and uer yhoon aiyan ovemer astern isayas, entral isayas and outhestern uon he latter is non as the strongest tyhoon ever recorded in history u to mhr ategory in affirimson ind scale e comared the damages and osttyhoon regeneration in terms of vegetation and sediments eteen lanted monosecific and natural diverse mangrove stands esults indicate almost similar manifestation and etents of damages across sites defoliated, snaed, urooted anoy cover, tree density and aoveground iomass ere reduced y , and , resectively he sediments have increased salinity y t, more reduced m, and armer y oever, the regeneration rates refoliation, coicing, and seedling recruitment and groth rate although slo are relatively more visile in the natural stands ur findings cast douts on the effectivity of current mangrove lanting ractices in the country in roviding meaningful rotection against tyhoons

ontact nformation everino almo , teneo de anila niversity, oyola eights, ueon ity, hiliines honea mail ssalmoateneoedu

198 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

ARON RIAL FRO SALTANS TO ANROES IN TROIAL REIONS OF RAIL AND ASTRALIA Christian J. Sanders1 u es ational arine cience entre, chool of nvironment, cience and ngineering, outhern ross niversity,offs arour, e outh ales, ustralia outhern ross niversity outhern ross eoscience, o , ismore, , ustralia

he sediment flu of total organic caron , total nitrogen and total hoshorous as uantified in sediment cores taen in a transect from saltans to mangrove forests near io de aneiro, rail and near ladstone, ustralia esults indicate that not only mangroves ut saltans are also sites sediment accumulation and , and urial he urial rates ere determined from sediment accumulation rates , dry ul densities and , and content he s ere calculated using the 210Pb dating method. Sediment characterization (δ13C, δ 15N, TOC/TN and grain size analyses) indicate years of and , and urial

ontact nformation hristian anders, outhern ross niversity, ational arine cience entre, ay rive, offs arour, , ustralia

199 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

TE IAT OF ANROE TTIN AND REENERATION ON SRFAE ELEATION DNAIS IN INTNI ANROE EST AA INDONESIA Sigit D. Sasmito msu e us e ess em enter for nternational orestry esearch, ogor, ndonesia esearch nstitute for the nvironment and ivelihoods , harles arin niversity, arin, ustralia niversity of aua, anoari, ndonesia eartment of eohysics and eteorology, ogor gricultural niversity, ogor, ndonesia eartment of eograhy, ational niversity of ingaore, ingaore

ongterm mangrove resilience under sea level rise deends on surface elevation dynamics over time urface elevation dynamics to coe ith sea level rise are increasingly elldocumented for natural mangrove forests oever, there is still limited information for degraded forests, secifically on the imact of logging and regeneration on surface elevation change and surface accretion rates

series of and field measurements ere conducted over to years using the od urface levation ale comined ith arer orions he study as conducted in intuni ay, West Papua, which represents 50% of Indonesia’s mangrove or 10% of world’s mangroves. The area hich etends to around , ha has een rotationally logged over the ast years enchmars ere estalished in ay , located ithin fringe and interior mangroves in four different locations, reresenting different levels of disturance, namely year and year ostcutting, and mudflat and ristine forest as control he effects of hydrogeomorhic mangrove settings interior and fringe ere also investigated in this study

e found that differ across three monitored locations year mm yr year mm yr mudflat mm yr e also oserved highly significant rates of surface accretion on the mudflat as much as mm yr his study suggests that forest regeneration lays a ey role for ositive surface elevation change, as eloground root volume gros raidly in comination ith effective aoveground sediment traing ur findings imly that natural mangroves coloniation are suorted y the availaility of sediment through significant net elevation changes and accretion rates in the fringing mudflat ecotone

ontact nformation igit asmito, enter for nternational orestry esearch, ogor , ndonesia, hone , mail ssasmitocgiarorg

200 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

RELATIONSI ETEEN TE IOASS OF ANROE ROOTS AND TE DENSIT OF TE OLAETE SEIES CAPITELLA S e e m ueme e Yara Schaeffer-Novelli e m niversidade stadual de ampinas, ampinas, o Paulo, rail niversidade de o Paulo, o Paulo, rail

angrove roots are nown to affect the composition of enthic communities. owever, little is nown regarding the effect of these structures on polchaete communities, despite their great aundance in mangrove ecosstems. ere, we evaluate the relationship etween mangrove roots and the most aundant polchaete apitella sp. at ra a, a enthic sstem in outheast rail composed different haitats such as soft and hardottoms, eaches, a wide intertidal flat, a shallow sulittoral and mangroves fragments. apitella sp. elongs to the apitella capitata comple, which comprises specimens considered to e opportunistic on organic enriched areas. We studied three mangrove formations with contrasting features 1 situated at the upper intertidal area, composed soft sediment and roc shore situated at the upper intertidal area, with finer sediment and IP, situated at the lower intertidal area, with coarser sediment. ampling was carried out during 01 summer, arch and winter, ul, during low tide. Three transects with eight euidistant sampling points were estalished at each mangrove formation points on the tidal flat, at the transition, and in the mangrove. iological samples were collected with a corer iameter 10 cm, rea 0.0 m at all sampling points. amples were washed through sieves 1.0 and 0.5 mm, and the specimens and the mangrove roots were collected. The macrofauna was identified, the densit of apitella sp. was recorded, and the iomass of the mangrove roots was weighed dr weight. total of 55 individuals of apitella sp. were sampled, 1 during summer and during winter. The polchaete densit was higher at IP compared to the others. In contrast, root iomass was higher at 1 and , regardless of the sampling period. The densit of apitella sp. had a negative relationship with the root iomass, with densities higher at the tidal flat and transition sites. owever, the magnitude of the effect was variales among formations, eing relativel higher at 1 0. and lower at IP 0.10 possil due to the lower root iomass found at this site. Previous studies have shown that the occurrence of apitella sp. is higher at mangrove surroundings, due to the nutrients eported this ecosstem. evertheless, roots could limit the occurrence of this species as result of phsical constraints to infaunal organisms, or sedimentar differences within mangrove stands, which will e further investigated.

ontact Information arachaefferovelli, ceanograph Institute, niversit of o Paulo, rail. ddress Praa do ceanogrfico, 11P 055000, o Paulo, P, rail. mail novelliusp.r

201 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

EALATION OF AN ORANI ARON TRAETOR ON A ANROE SOIL ISLAND Tracey B. Schafer e s ss se 1oil and Water cience epartment, niversit of lorida, ainesville, , Whitne aorator for arine ioscience, t. ugustine, , St. John’s River Water Management District, Palatka, FL, USA awrence erle ational a, erele, ,

ongterm monitoring of coastal restoration proects are reuired to determine sustainailit and stailit of restored ecosstems. rganic caron accretion, a valuale ecosstem service, is a significant indicator of health ecosstem function. 15, a spoil island in the Indian iver agoon was restored to mangrove and seagrass haitat in 005. egetation aundance and soil iogeochemical characteristics were measured at time 0, one ear, and ten ears to assess organic caron accretion in oth seagrass and mangrove areas. ediment cores were collected in a set of four plots, located on the 15 mangrove island and analed for ul densit, % total organic matter, % total organic caron, microial iomass caron, etractale organic caron, and total nitrogen. unctional traectories for restored areas were calculated ased upon organic caron accretion over the 10 ear period. comparison to a control site 500 m north of 15, realistic estimates of time reuired to reach natural levels of caron and mangrove vegetative communit structure were calculated at ears. aron trapped in coastal sstems, such as 15, is etremel important to lue caron stocs and uffering of climate change.

ontact Information Trace chafer, niversit of lorida Whitne arine aorator, 505 cean hore lvd., t. ugustine, , . mail tschafer5ufl.edu

202 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

IATS OF LA ANROE EXANSION ON FANAL ONITIES IN TE NORTERN LF OF EXIO e e hitney A. Scheffel us e e s Universit o Soth Alaama, Moile, AL, USA Dahin slan Sea La, Dahin slan, AL, USA rea o cean nerg Management, e rleans, LA, USA

he troicall associate lack mangrove e ems is eeriencing a climateince range shit an eaning into salt marshes o the northern l o Meico. his secies has colonie temerate sstems ominate saltmarsh corgrass e an lack neelersh uus emeus in sothern Loisiana, northern Floria an most recentl on orn slan, Mississii. o ate, little is knon aot the role lack mangroves ma la as nrser haitats or venile inish an shellish. he main oective o this st as to anti an comare ish, eianal, an inanal se in ominate lack mangroveominate an mie an lack mangrove haitats in to areas o varing coloniation. Sction samle srves an seiment cores ere concte ever month rom Aril to ctoer in an to estimate inish, shellish, an inanal anances an iversit among the three haitats. ollections shoe signiicant ierences in commnit comosition among lack mangrove, mie mangrove an salt marsh haitats. Anances an estimates o seconar roction or enthic eiana ere greatest in the mangrove haitat at orn slan an in the marsh in the haneler slans. lack mangroves contine to increase in anance, there ill likel e a shit in commnit comosition e to the higher osition o lack mangroves in the intertial. his ill restrict access to organisms e to ecrease looing ration an col, in trn, orce organisms to se haitats that are looe or longer erios o time i.e. seagrasses, oster rees.

ontact normation Whitne Scheel, Dahin slan Sea La, ienville lv., Dahin slan, AL, USA , mail scheelisl.org

203 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

ARIATIONS IN ANROE SOIL ARON STORAE AROSS LIATE RADIENTS Lisa Schile Smithsonian nvironmental Research enter, geater, MD, USA

oastal an marine ecosstems have the otential to roce an seester organic caron at rates that ecee troical an temerate orests. Recent recognition o the vale o these ecosstems as signiicant caron sinks has strengthene orlie interest in their management, conservation, an restoration or the rose o climate change mitigation. oever, man gas in nerstaning caron seestration in coastal ecosstems remain, creating challenges or the alication coastal ecosstem caron research at local, regional an gloal scales. A maor limitation is the act that most research on this toic has een concte in relativel e temerate an troical ecosstems, esite a tremenos amont o satial variailit in caron stocks across graients o climate, hrolog, geomorholog, an tie range. Aitionall, a stanarie rotocol has not een iel tilie, hich ol enale more rigoros comarison across ecosstems an climates. he main oective o this research as to al a stanarie metho or ocmenting caron storage an ecomosition rates in vegetate coastal ecosstems along latitinal graients, ocsing on mangrove ecosstems. Fiel sites ere locate in in as, elie, three islans in ocas el oro, Panama, an the nian River Lagoon, Floria. At each site, si ee soil cores ere retrieve, ranging in eth rom to cm. rganic caron as antiie ith eth an smme or each core. Aitionall, a ne aroach to assessing ecomosition rates as alie that involve the rial o green an rooios tea ags or three months. Large ierences in lk ensit, ashree r eight, an organic caron content ere ientiie across sites an ithin ar an ringing mangrove locations, hich as largel riven the eth to core resal an the content o the arent soil material san, coral rle, anor cla. Decomosition rates also varie sites, ith sloer rates o ecomosition in interior mangrove locations. A literatre revie o all lishe mangrove carons stocks as concte an comine with this study’s data to generate a conceptual model of factors governing carbon storage along graients in climate an soil conitions.

ontact normation Lisa Schile, Smithsonian nvironmental Research enter, ontees Whar R, geater, MD , Unite States, Phone , mail schilelsi.e

204 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

ASSESSIN TE ERTIAL RADIENT OF DISCAPSEUDES SURINAMENSIS AND HALMYRABSEUDES SPAANSI AT TE OONA D AN SRINAE IN RELATION TO TEIR IOETRIS Ashvin Sewsaha u nton de om niversiteit van uriname eysweg aramaribo uriname nstituut voor de pleiding van eraren eysweg aramaribo uriname

sseues sumess and mseues ss appear in estuarine mud bans and auatic environments and serve as prey for migratory birds and fish ot much is nown about the vertical distribution of these species and whether or not this is related to their biometrics arlier studies pointed out that infaunal organisms have not been found at a depth greater than cm however the studies primarily focused on their horiontal rather than their vertical gradient he purpose of our study was to determine the vertical gradient of sumess nd ss at the omona mud ban in relation to their respective biometrics se and length e measured occurrence of the species at intervals up to depths of cm and found most of the sumess and ss at depths between and cm with the highest occurrence between and cm e also found more sumess than ss ratio overall greater number of females than males ratio and sies ranging from to mm e epect that this new understanding of the vertical distribution and biometrics will allow for a better understanding of prey availability for migratory birds and fish species inhabiting estuaries

ontact nformation shvin ewsahai nton de om niversity of uriname iology eysweg aramaribo uriname hone mail asewsahaihotmailcom

205 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

EALATIN TE EFFETS OF TE RANE EXANSION OF AVICENNIA GERMINANS ON EASTERN SORELINE IRD ONITIES ALON TE EAST OAST OF FLORIDA Michelle Shaffer e e es niversity of entral lorida rlando

he blac mangrove e ems is a natural component of estuarine ecosystems found along the central and southern coasts of lorida ue to increased yearly temperatures ems has not recently suffered from winter freees allowing them to epand their range north along the eastern coast of lorida his epansion may impede on the e cordgrass saltmarsh habitats naturally found along the northern coasts of lorida changing the physical structure of the ecosystem he community effects of this shift in ecosystems is largely unnown his study eamines the impact that the ems range epansion is having on Florida’s eastern shoreline bird communities

e surveyed different locations along the eastern coast of lorida anaveral ational eashore orth enninsular tate ar and t ugustine estuarine areas nastasia tate ar ighthouse ar ilano oat amp ithin each of these locations shoreline plots were surveyed resulting in a total of plots ach of these plots were m parallel to shoreline by m perpendicular to shoreline resulting in m plots mongst these plots different types of shorelines were observed ems dominant e dominant and a mi of the two species urveys were conducted from ugust to une to evaluate shoreline bird abundances and behaviors within each plot hese bird surveys occurred monthly at all plots for minutes each he species and behavior of each bird within the plot was collected for the minute time interval at a minimum distance of m

n ecember and anuary plant morphometrics were collected within all plots sing transects and uarter meter uadrats data was collected on percent cover of ems and e e height the presence of other species of plants mangrove treecanopy height and number of mangrove branches within each uadrat total count of mangroves at least cm in height was collected or of these mangroves individual characteristics diameter at breast height tree height crown diameter were eamined he plant structure characteristics for each plot will then be compared to shoreline bird abundances and behaviors orrelations in this data will show how a change in dominant plant species affects these bird communities his information will be used by ecologists to develop appropriate land management plans for the northern east coast of lorida as they prepare for the ecological and economic impacts of this shift in ecosystems

ontact nformation ichelle haffer niversity of entral lorida ndergraduate entral lorida lvd rlando hone mail michelleshaffernightsucfedu

206 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

RESTORATION A INREASE ARON STO OF DERADED ANROE FORESTS AROSS AODIA ee Sahadev Sharma2 u ee e m es usu e s u Fors ri ilo aaii irsi o aaii a aoa ooll aaii Fors ri ao ailad rora ao ailad

aros la a iora rol i iiai lia a as o ir aili o ssr lar aiis o aro i soil si is iora rol aros a ad oi o los o arios a aiiis o or s losss sral oris i sia a o rsor aros ro raio o oosii aro laaios ro olai o aro sdlis ad salis or i is o lar o i s laaios ar a roidi siilar lls o oss sris oard o ia orss is ilds aro ssraio ad sora

o addrss is a aiid oal oss aro sos i ia rsord ad disrd aros i rois aross aodia that represent 95% of all Cambodia’s mangrove forests r sraiid sali ildd los i ia los i rsord ad los i disrd aro orss isra i aro ors asd ai droloial ri ad i do aro rs aiid oss sos asri ao ad lorod ioass dod ood ad soil si iororsa roool

sord aros ad is sos ollod ia aros a ad disrd aros a rall r as a siiia dir ao oss sos ii r lasss i ia ad rsord aros ai siilar ad siiial larr sos oard o disrd aros oard o dradd aros or rsls ss a rsoraio o aro orss ro olai o sdli ad salis a aiai or aall iras aro so o dradd aro orss

id o ial aro sos i rsord ad ia aro as asis aro si oial or aro sss rsalisd ars ao r rsls dosra lor aro sora oial o ia ad rsord aros

oa oraio aad ara ar o aral sor ad iroal aa irsi o aaii a aoa ra a ass d ooll aaii o ail ssaraaaiid

207 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

SILATIN TE EFFET OF ANROES FOR REDIN OASTAL INNDATION DE TO STORS AND SEA LEEL RISE Y. Peter Sheng Civil and Coastal ngineering rogram niversit of lorida ainesville

angroves have been fond to be able to rede oastal flooding dring storm srges eg rass et al 9 and tsnamis oever the eosstem vale of mangroves for oastal flood protetion has not been possible bease the la of robst srgeave models hih resolve the effet of mangroves on mean flo and trblene ere e present an integrated vegetationresolving modeling sstem the dvaned Coastal odeling stem C hih onsists of the C hdrodnami model heng et al a b apetina and heng 5 and the ave model ooi et al 999 i et al he C model resolves the frontal area hih ontribtes to the profile drag for the flo as ell as the etted area of the vegetation hih ontribtes to the sin frition for the flo and trblene hile enolds stresses are dissipated b the etted area trblent ineti energ is proded b trblent aes behind the frontal area oth the frontal area and the etted area var signifiantl in the vertial diretion angroves provide a large etted area at its top and large profile area at its prop roots providing more redtion to mean flo and storm srge than marsh stems C is the onl model that distingishes profile drag and sin frition drag C an also simlate the salinit dnamis hih an affet the sstainabilit of mangroves

he abilit of C to simlate flo and trblene in vegetated ater has been verified heng et al b apetina and heng 5 b laborator eperiments eg epf and inoni emeier and field data in eas dring rriane apetina and heng 5 t has been shon to more aratel simlate the effets of oastal marsh heng et al 5 apetina and heng 5 and mangrove o and heng 5 in dissipating storm srge ave and inndation dring rriane e 9 and and ndre 99 hen ompared to the reslts of onventional srge ave model C is fndamentall different from the stats o empirial models eg oder et al 9 na et al hang et al hih rel on the se of an adstable empirial anning oeffiient to represent different land se featres apetina and heng 5 shoed that a model proded mh less error % than model ith anning oeffiient % based on igh ater ar data at stations dring e heng et al shoed that oastal vegetation an rede the total inndation volme in a oastal area dring a hrriane b p to % depending on the horiontal distribtion and vertial strtre of vegetation as ell as hrriane harateristis

Contat nformation eter heng niversit of lorida Coastal and eanographi ngineering rogram 5 eil all tadim oad ainesville 5 nited tates hone 59 mail peteoastalfled

208 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

ANROE IODIERSIT AND A NOEL SEIATION EANIS TE IXINISOLATIONIXIN I LES ON TE INDOALAAN OASTS Suhua Shi n atsen niversit angho China

igh biodiversit ma be a modern mster of msteries bease hotspots sall do not have geographial featres that promote speiation b imposing long term isolation ndoalaan oasts having one of the highest levels of global biodiversit that inldes % of the living mangrove speies ma offer ne insights into the possible onnetions beteen biodiversit geograph and speiation ere e anale the pattern of speies and poplation divergene on these oasts b olleting seenes from plants of 5 ommon mangrove speies his large dataset sperimposed on the etensive biogeographial observations reveals that mangrove speiation is driven mainl b the isolation at the trait of alaa oever the isolation is periodiall pntated b migration phases de to fltations in sea level leading to the openinglosing of the trait s a reslt speiation has generall proeeded throgh les of isolation and migration ith eah le averaging ears his mehanism of speiation referred to as the miingisolationmiing les spports the vie of speiation ith gene flo bt retains aspets of allopatri speiation n this model periods of isolation are essential for speiation even thogh the ma be intermittentl interrpted fter n les the mehanism old ield mn m speies at its theoretial maimm and ma potentiall drive speiation in biodiversit hotspots

Contat nformation ha hi n atsen niversit epartment of olog and voltionhool of ife ienes oom e an ing all 5 in ang oad angho angdong 55 China hone mail lsssshmailssedn

209 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

FIS ANDANE AND SIE ALON TE FLORIDA REEF TRAT TE INFLENE OF ADAENT ANROE AND SEARASS AITAT ON A REIONAL SALE Geoffrey S Shideler e e se e osenstiel hool of arine tmospheri iene niversit of iami iami lorida ova otheastern niversit almos College of atral ienes and eanograph ania eah lorida ational arine isheries ervie otheast isheries iene Center iami lorida

he mangrovereef sbsid effet has been eamined at varios sales arond the orld ranging from small strethes of ontinental shorelines to omparisons among islands to the ider Caribbean region eent or at the ider Caribbean sale inlsive of lorida revealed that the abndane of several fishes on reefs tended to inrease as total mangrove forest over in adaent shallo ater sstems inreased oever for man stdies inlding those spanning large geographial areas a pervasive aveat in the analsis has been the la of detailed data on sbmerged habitat area inlding the oral reefs and seagrasses. Florida’s seascape, in contrast to most others, has been extensively surveyed and mapped for these ritial marine habitats providing an opportnit to test the effets that these oastal vegetated sstems might have on the fishes oping adaent reefs n the present std e eamine the regionalsale relationship of lorida mangrove over and reef fish abndane on the lorida reef trat tiliing eisting maps and longterm reef fish monitoring data e test for evidene of the mangrovereef sbsid effet at the lorida regional level after aonting for other fators inlding hman poplation densit a pro for fishing and habitat degradation and the antit and onfigration of other sbmerged habitats

Contat nformation eoffre hidele niversit of iami ienbaer Casea iami hone 5 mail geoffreshidelergmailom

210 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

ANROE REENERATION IN ONTEXT OF SSTAINALE FOREST ANAEENT A EST AA ASE STD Mériadec Sillanpää1 u ee reen Forest roduct and ech. te. td., ingapore niversity of oronto, oronto, ntario, anada

intuni ay, located in the south of the Bird’s Head Peninsula of West Papua, Indonesia, contains one of the largest mangrove forests in the orld, groing in a variety of conditions and geomorphologies. bout hectares of the forest is actively undergoing a management regime conducted by intuni tama urni ood ndustries , focused upon oodchip production as ell as sustainable forest management. urrently, is approaching the completion of a year rotation ith stands ranging from to years hich is a good time to examine and evaluate current management practices and their effects on the forest concession. ostharvest forest regeneration as evaluated in the different aged secondary forest stands using a modified methodology presented by a F entre for nternational Forestry esearch oring paper. art of a successful regeneration of a forest stand is attaining the range of ecological integrity similar to primary forests

he first obective of the study as to observe if the forest structure and biodiversity in secondary stands, considered as proxies for ecological integrity, ould regenerate to similar levels ithin the years as untouched primary forests. onlinear regression as used to determine and predict different forest structure dynamics sapling and stem densities, tree height, throughout and beyond the year rotation period. ynamics in species composition and biodiversity of tree species as also observed.

esults suggest that the forest structure in secondary stands follo a natural succession dynamic throughout the rotation period but do not attain yet the same structure and composition as primary forest at years. Furthermore, forest structure models suggest that the harvest rotation ould need to be extended to years for the secondary stands to attain similar forest structure and composition to that of primary forests. hese observations ill help future forest management of the concession as the company ill try to attempt to maintain secondary forests in order to achieve the ecological integrity observed in primary forests.

ontact nformation riadec illanp, reen Forest roduct and ech. te. td., o. henton ay, , henton ouse, ingapore, , hone , mail meriadec.sillanpaaoutloo.com

211 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

LOAL TRENDS IN ANROE FOREST STRTRE Marc Simard e se e me ms altechet Propulsion aorator, Pasadena, alifornia, oddard pace pace liht enter, Washinton , ouisiana tate niersit, Baton oue, ouisiana niersit de herrooe, herrooe, uec

We enerated loal aps of anroe forest structure and deried relationships ith enironental and eophsical ariales he aps ere alidated ith in situ data collected throuhout the World and accuratel depict forest canop heiht and aoe round ioass aiu canop heiht and aoe round ioass ere found to e stronl related to cliatic ariales ith sinificant ariation ith eophsical settin

anroe eoraphical distriution is taen fro aseline aps produced the nited tates eoloical ure and the World Wildlife und for the era hese aps ehiit sinificant distriution discrepancies, and allo for seiindependent ie oth aps are produced ith andsat data assessents of etent accurac at local and ational scales anop heiht as estiated fro data acuired the huttle adar oporaph ission eleation dataset he eleation easureents reported are ipacted the presence of eetation, resultin in an eleation ias It is this ias that e use to estiate canop heiht o ensure deried anroe canop heihts are accurate and loall consistent, the are calirated ith the Iat eoscience aser ltieter ste estiates of aiu canop heiht ando differences of oot ean uare rror eteen and canop heihts ere osered loall ith We found no eoraphical error patterns in the deried estiates indicatin loal easureent consistenc he resultin ap of canop heiht has a spatial resolution of eters

We used alloetr relatin canop heiht and aoe round ioass to enerate a loal ap of aoe round ioass fro the ap of anroe canop heiht he canop heihttoioass alloetr as deried fro in situ easureents of forest structure We sureed oer plots distriuted around the World or each tree ithin each plot, e easured diaeter at reast heiht BH, tree heiht and identified species Plot leel ioass as estiated fro pulished speciesspecific alloetric euations relatin tree BH and heiht to tree ioass We found a stron relationship eteen plot leel aiu heiht and aoe round ioass

We analed the loal and reional trends of anroe forest structure as a function of enironental ariales includin iniu, ean and aiu teperature, ean precipitation, tidal rane, ocean salinit and teperature he reional analsis as to account for potential reionspecific or unforeseen paraeter dependencies that a occur fro a coast ersus another lear latitudinal trends ere found aussian function enelope as found to est odel the aiu anroe canop heiht as a function of latitude It is iportant to note that oth teperature and precipitation ere stronl correlated ith latitude, and the fitted aussian enelope intrinsicall captures the ipact of cliate on potential anroe heiht and ioass eneral ocean ariales ere not found to e stron driers of anroe structure Hoeer, the eoorpholoical settin as found to e the doinant factor driin the ariailit of structure found ithin a ien reion

ontact Inforation arc iard, et Propulsion aorator, , a roe rie, Pasadena, alifornia, ailarcsiardplnasao

212 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

ARON STOS IN A SIFTIN EOSSTE LIATE INDED IRATION OF ANROES INTO SALT ARS

L.T. Simpson1,2,3, se ue ee ithsonian nironental esearch enter, deater, , Whitne aorator for arine Bioscience, niersit of lorida, t uustine, , Wetland Bioeocheistr aorator, oil and Water cience epartent, ainesille, ,

cross the loe, cliate chane has drien odifications in the structure, function and distriution of an ecoloical counities In parts of the southeastern nited tates, decreased incidence of freee eents hae resulted in the poleard rane epansion of anroes at the epense of salt arsh haitat he replaceent of coastal etland foundation species ill liel hae sustantial functional and structural repercussions, ranin fro iportant iota effects, to ecosste stailit, to ioeocheical processes nderstandin the lon ter iailit of these haitats and their caron pools depends on haitat response to shiftin reies We docuented ecosste stocs and inestiated aoeround decoposition and soil respiration alon the tlantic coast of lorida he latitudinal radient studied spans pure anroe haitat, the salt arsh anroe ecotone, and pure salt arsh haitat and ies us an eceptional opportunit to docuent and inestiate coposition, structure and ecosste function as anroes transress into salt arsh haitat Haitat pools are constrained teporal and spatial differences alon the latitudinal radient odification of ecosste serices depends larel on the alance eteen oranic atter production and deca, and an alteration in foundation species distriution ill liel alter productiit and ultiatel the dnaics of these iportant sstes

ontact Inforation Lorae’ Simpson, ithsonian nironental esearch enter, deater , , Phone ail sipsonlsiedu

213 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

ETTIN TO TE ROOT OF TE ROLE LA ANROE EXANSION INTO SOTEAST TEXAS SALTARSES SEE DELERT LEE DISIN EREDIT S Lee Smee eas niersi – orps risi, eparmen o Lie Sienes, orps risi, , S

imae ane is enain e reisriion o onaion speies i poenia onseenes or eooia an eonomia imporan eossem nions an oranisms a are a par o ese enironmens ne eampe o is isriion si is eien in e a manroe epansion ino o eio samarses ie e imae meanism aiiain a manroe epansion is nersoo, ess is non ao e onseenes or repain sa mars aia i a manroes Sine sa marses are essenia aias o man e speies, s as e ras an anaei srimp, nersanin o eeaion sis inene ese speies is o o eonomi an eooia imporan e sampe o eni an neoni speies an on a sa mars aias onain a ier ensi o srimp, poaees an anais en manroes are no presen ese anes o ae ar reain ees on ropi ineraions iin e eossem o siniian saini or emperare ierenes ere on eeen sies, sesin a eeaion ierenes nerie ese paerns

ona normaion Lee Smee, eas niersi – orps risi, eparmen o Lie Sienes, orps risi, , one , mai LeeSmeeame

214 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

ENINEERIN ONIT ANE FRO TE OTTO ANROE EXANSION ALTERS DETRITAL INERTERATE ONIT OOSITION Rachel S. Smith se mes es

e ems e e

215 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

EFFETS OF TE INTERATIONS OF CERIOPS TAGAL AND RROIN RAS ON ANROE SEDIENT ARATERISTIS Elise Snavely u s mme ee e

es

216 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

RATES OF ANROE FOLIOR IER TAN ASSED Wayne P. Sousa

–

e ems uu ems me Our main finding is consistent with that of Burrows’ (2003) study of folivory in

217 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

A OARATIE ANALSIS OF ANROE FORESTS AND STRTRAL ARATERISTIS SIN TE AND LOT ETODS e es Matthew St. Clair arine Biologist ummins edererg nc 2eartment of arine Biology and isheries niversity of iami iami

Since the 1980’s, mangrove forests have experienced raid declines at a rate of aroimately annually (olidoro et al 200) hroughout coastal regions of outh lorida mangrove wetlands have een greatly reduced in this time largely due to coastal develoment and other anthroogenic imacts (olidoro et al 200) he loss of mangrove haitat has caused a suseuent decline in animal and lant life suorted y these ecosystems including a numer of commercial and recreational fisheries (ish and ildlife ervice ) herefore accurate assessments of forest structure and stand characteristics across mangrove community tyes reuires standard methods that can e readily alied to mangrove forests that range in terms of hysiognomy (oss et al 200) omrehensive assessment and monitoring rotocols are necessary to identify the etent of mangroves so that effective management strategies can e imlemented to revent continued loss of haitat lthough there are many methods for aroimating forest characteristics literature is limited regarding which methods yield the most accurate reresentation of an entire forest Our study aimed to test for statistical differences in structural characteristics etween two commonly used methodologies to measure mangrove forests the lot method and oint centered uarter method () hrough the use of oth methodologies we aimed to conclude whether one method more accurately reresents the community as a whole which method is more easily adotale reeatale time and energy efficient and cost effective

e conducted two mangrove surveys at Broad ey and ey Biscayne lorida for a total of four surveys t each study site we samled the forests using the lot method and ollowing uantitative analysis we can conclude that there are no statistically significant differences etween methods when measuring asal area (m2 ha) and density (stems ha) as values00 when running analysis of variance tests (Os) to comare methods at all four sites his indicates that oth methods yield comarale results to assess overall forest comosition and structure e did find however that differences in height were statistically significant when comaring the two methods at three of the four study sites with values 00 esults varied more widely when comaring the methods ased on individual secies versus statistical analyses comaring total results of all secies at each study site

ontact nformation liaeth ones ummins edererg nc 0 ed oad uite 2 outh iami 3333 hone 3 mail eonescumminscederergcom

218 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

ANROE ROT FOR AND SALT ARS INTERATION ALON ENIRONENTAL RADIENTS Hilary Standish oria tantic niversit, oca aton, , S

ising sea eves an changing cimate threaten mangrove groth an srviva orie n oria, mangroves have respone to cimate change so migrating northar into traitiona sat marsh haitat an of these coonists aopt shorter, sh groth forms, an eo gron strctre is aso affecte oever, itte is nerstoo aot the reationships among mangrove groth form pasticit pant height, root sprea, canop iameter, etc an environmenta conitions, sch as sainit, ntrient concentration, an atite examining ho mangrove groth form an sat marsh commnit strctre changes aong graients of atite, eevation, an other environmenta factors, this st i she ight on ho environmenta conitions etermine mangrove groth

Seven sites have een seecte aong the eastern coast of oria, here the sie, canop strctre, an root strctre of the three mangrove species me e ems an uu ems are eing measre n aition, the composition an ensit of neighoring sat marsh pants are eing measre at each site, aong ith eevation, sainit, soi ntrients, ight avaiaiit, an soi composition Severa preictions have een mae aot the interreationships of these variaes ase on prior sties on oth mangroves an other pants atite is expecte to great impact oth mangrove height an canop iameter, as ntrient partitioning ma change ner averse conitions an frost ma i ac atera tips an promote shier groth his in trn is expecte to inhiit sat marsh groth in areas shae mangroves, hich ma contrite to the ongterm ominance of mangroves over sat marsh hese preictions ere se to eveop hpotheses expresse in the form of a strctra eation moe, hich i evaate the mtivariate reationships eteen environmenta an iotic variaes

ontact nformation iar Stanish, aror ranch ceanographic nstitte, 00 S1, ort ierce, 9, hone 91808, mai hstanish01fae

219 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

SATIAL ATTERNS OF ANROE FOREST EXANSION IN TE ALAND REION NE EALAND Suyadi1,2 uus u eem 1Schoo of nvironment, niversit of can, can, e eaan nonesian nstitte of Science , mon, nonesia nstitte of arine Science, niversit of can, can, e eaan ationa nstitte of ater an tmospheric esearch, amiton, e eaan

angrove forest cover has increase in man estaries of the orth san of e eaan over recent ecaes he expansion of mangrove forests has e to a psh toars mangrove remova arge riven oca commnities o inform ftre mangrove management a etaie assessment of the spatia patterns of mangrove cover change is reire n one mangrove species e m ssp uss occrs in e eaan oever, the monospecific stans iffer in ensit an tree sie aong anarseaar graient aer trees p to m are fon near the seaar fringe or aong tia channes hereas trees in the interior are often more stnte arf mangroves, 01 m he oectives of this st ere to estimate the change in mangrove area of ta an arf mangroves an to assess the spatia pattern of mangrove cover change across a estaries in the can region eteen 190 an 01 e aso investigate the reationship eteen the sie of the atershe an satershes an mangrove expansion rates atershesatershe area as se as an inicator of seiment ie

eria photographs, thematic maps, an ansat images ere se an gron trth fie srves ere concte angroves ere cassifie into for grops shoreine, estarine, riverine an eta mangroves ase on their ocation ithin the estar ithin each grop mangroves ere cassifie into ta an arf trees ase on stem ensit, canop height, canop coverage, an vegetation inex e eveope an improve image anasis sing a comination of gron contro points an tempate matching, ater comn correction, an integration of parametric an nonparametric cassifiers

angrove forest cover in the can region 9,11 ha increase from ,00 ha in 190 to 10,00 ha in 01 he anna increase rate as 8 oever, the expansion rates iffere consiera eteen arf 0 1 an ta mangroves 1 1 estar sie 10 1 an ecaes 11 1 angroves ere primari expaning miriver an seaars 8 oever, mangroves expane aso sieas of the river moths an pstream 1 he image anasis shoe that arf mangroves ominate in shoreine, estarine, an eta mangroves acar inear regression anasis reveae that atershe area 0, 00 an satershe areas 01, 00 ere significant preictors of the rate of mangrove forest cover change

hese rest emonstrate that a etaie pattern anasis of ifferent mangroves grops is reire to nerstan the namics of mangrove forest cover across scaes an its reationship ith pan areas atershe

ontact information Sai, Schoo of nvironment, he niversit of can, rivate ag 9019, can 11, e eaan, hone 08 99, mai s01acanniacn

220 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

LATERAL ARON AND NTRIENTS EXANES IN A LO LATITDE ANROE TIDAL REE A LTISTALE ISOTOE AROA Pierre Taillardat1 ee e ess 1epartment of eograph, ationa niversit of Singapore, Singapore epartment of arth sciences, niversit ec ontra, ontra, anaa nstitt e echerche por e veoppement, o hi inh it, ietnam

angroves act as oth a sin an a sorce of caron an ntrients ithin the tropica coasta marine environment hie their caron storage roe is e ocmente, ess is non aot the iogeochemica exchanges occrring ith ties eteen mangrove seiments an tia crees araoxica, the amont of caron ra store in the iomass an sois on constittes a sma fraction of the atotrophic proction ost of the caron proce mangrove vegetation is ecompose, mineraie, an exporte to aacent coasta ecosstems antifing the origins, concentrations, composition, an transformation processes of caron an ntrients in mangrove tia crees is high reevant for nerstaning the fate of mangrove procetransforme organic matter his st etermine a the importance of atera caron an ntrients fxes, from the mangrove soi an the ater comn, in a mangrove tia cree, an the significance of the contrition of ssrface gronater ischarge S in this process

aron , itrogen , an hosphors exchanges eteen seiments an tia cree ere stie in a high proctive mangrove in an io, S iosphere eserve, ietnam hese three eements ere antitative concentrations an aitative mtistae isotope approach escrie ner 1 1 1 18 their issove , , δ , δ , , , , , , δ δ an particate 1 1 forms , , δ , δ itiona, caron ioxie namics ere aso aresse, oth in the ater comn, an at the ater – atmosphere interface irst, namics ere stie in h time series operate x at the en of the r an et seasons in 01 to escrie the infence of phsica parameters eg seasons, a ight, tie, an rain on their namics Secon, poreater iogeochemica properties ere stie aong a transect from the tia cree to the inner mangrove ith sampes coecte in mfat, e an stan, respective ina, the reationship eteen those to istinct components as escrie, sing raon concentrations n his or shes ight on the existing infence of ssrface gronater ischarge S on the stie eements export to the tia cree ater

r rests sho that a arge amont of the organic an inorganic matter proce the mangrove vegetation is transferre via srface rnoff an ssrface gronater ischarge S n aition, tia cree, particar at o tie, acts as a sorce of caron to e reemitte into the atmosphere ner its gaseos phase , an in the coasta ocean via the tia pmping process – ner its issove an particate phase nie hosphors, concentrations an avaiaiit of the issove forms of nitrogen species are aso correate ith tia variations eing higher at o tie hie 1 18 eing higher at high tie itrogen an oxgen stae isotope compositions of nitrate δ δ ere stie an are proviing essentia information for nerstaning transformation mechanisms an their potentia impications for the caron proction an transformation processes

ontact nformation aiarat ierre, ationa niversit of Singapore – eograph epartment, 1 rts in, Singapore 110, hone 8919, mai taiaratpierrense

221 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

ENETI AND EOLTIONAR ONSEENES OF EXTREE LONDISTANE SEED DISERSAL OF TE ANROE ENERA RHIZOPHORA AND HIBISCUS Koji Takayama es u s

sus sus

se sus

222 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

RESENT STATS OF ANROE RESTORATION IN ATTIALOA DISTRIT SRI LANA IS IT SESS Mathiventhan Thavanayagam muu sm

u uue e u

uue m

223 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

ANROE RESTORATION IN TE SOT IAARA ANROE FORESTS SOT EAST OAST OF TAIL NAD INDIA RAMANATHAN THIRUGNANA SAMBANDAM

e s ees uum uue es e e mu u mu e m s e – e m e

– –

224 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

STRTRAL OARISONS OF NATRAL ERSS SEA ALL SORELINE ANROE FORESTS Michael R. Timm e

on Sanibel’s east end in me e ems uu ems me me

225 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

SEA LEEL REONSTRTIONS FRO TI ANROE EAT DEOSITS IN FLORIDA ELIE AND ANAA – AE AND ALEO ELEATIONS OF ASAL EATS S ONTINOS SALIN AND RELATIONSI TO EOSIAL SEA LEEL ODELS Marguerite A. Toscano u e e e ee Sitsonian nionental esea ente deate S niesit o easio ande alle dinb S ational a Seie iai S niest o oonto anada

oloene anoe eat deosits ae been tilied to doent isin sea leels o te ast s o loida to Sot eia ile seeal stdies atilal in elie doented ti anoe eat deosits tat alated in esonse to isin sea leel isses it adioeti datin o eat biotbation oot ontaination ae eesals and atos aetin eseation o aleo eat eleations deoosition and oation aet ae aa and eleation onstaints eied o eats sed as sea leel inde oints oation de to deoosition ando oebden esse is assed to loe aleo eleations o inteediate det sales in all eat oin enionents s tat ent aeted oede is to se onl basal eats obtained on ad sbstates as sea leel inde oints bease tese annot be te oated is not onl liits te eleation ane o sea leel inde oints at an loalit it inoes te otentiall olete sea leel eod stoed in te oelin eat to esent sea leel t also asses tat te tiin o basal eat oation oesonds to te tiin o sea leel aial at te sae eleation

is std bilds on eios o in te loida es and te esoaeian aie ee in elie ee ti me eat deosits eod oloene sea leel ise in oen oean aeas nonneted to onoin teienos sedient ints e olleted and dated basal eats o te aailable ane o bedo dets on eoloene tooa o te e ao iestone isane ational a and osoe leistoene abonate bans in elie e too ontinos lon oes at ea site eoed and analses to assess oation i an o ea eat seene ten saled and dated inteediate dets in te lon oes oesondin to te dets o te neab basal eats e doented siniiant la ties o oation o basal eats at ea loalit oaed to noated ontinos eats and deteined te eos tese basal las iose on sea leel eonsttions

ne eat data ae lotted it indeendentl odeled elatie sea leel S es o loida elie and aibbean anaa to assess te tilit o basal and inteediate me eat as sea leel indiatos e ae oaisons it elated m oalbased sea leel inde oints at ea site and ine tetoni inlenes aetin bot eat and oal aedet elationsis in ea aea elatie to te S odels ese analses oide insits into te inteetation o sea leel elated datasets in aied eosial settins and ete eoloi data sold be inteeted in te ontet o odeled Ss ate tan sed to deelo sea leel es dietl

ontat noation aeite osano Sitsonian nionental esea ente ontees a oad deate one ail tosanosied

226 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

ee ee Camilo Trench ational nionent and lannin en aaia e niesit o te est ndies eatent o ie Sienes ona inston aaia

aaia as seeal tons and onities establised itin o in lose oiit to oastal anoe oests otland ottae in te soten ais o laendon is one s onit it a olation soin ain leels o deendene on te adaent anoe oests e eneal aea as seeel aeted b iane an i ased loss o an lie desttion o oses and te tolin o tosands o aes o anoe tees tensie bloin o tidal annels oed esltin in te slo o anoe de to anoi and esaline onditionsn il te ational nionent and lannin en it assistane o te niesit o te est ndies and oean nion ndin ebaed on te eoloial estoation o etaes o anoe oest is oet sot to eabilitate and ltiatel estoe te eoloial aate and ntional aait o te oest tiities inlded te onsttion o tidal anals lantin o nse on salins and olleted oales and enin to elde ain b oats obinin adatie anaeent tenies it intensie onit inoleent te enaned te sess o te oet is inlded tainin staeoldes to deelo tei sills in eosste onitoin

e oet site as onitoed and ate tent ie onts tee as sial o lanted anoe salins it deeloent o o oots ando neatooes anslanted and natall eited seedlins aonted o an iessie inease in oeall seedlin densit o elatie to ie eo Setebe as ell as a atio o tanslanted ess natall eited seedlins sessl anoe estoation oae eies oe atos to be assessed tan seedlin sial and eitent oee seedlin sial in atila aies a ea eitin in te ealation oess as tis indiates sitable tidal lo and dolo in te tanslant aea Sine tei initial lantin te anoe oest as esonded ositiel to eoloial estoation aoa

ontat noation ailo en e niesit o te est ndies ente o aine Sienes ona inston one ail ailotenionaed

227 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

Camilo Trench ee u m e niesit o te est ndies eatent o ie Sienes ona inston aaia

anoe oests ae te doinant oastal oest te in aaia oein aoiatel etaes o ae areas of mangrove forest have been reclaimed since the country’s discovery in 1492 and oeso din te ostsa ea o te ate o oastal deeloent and ts anoe destruction has slowed significantly since the 1990’s, developmental pressure still esists it anoe eoal iail to ailitate tois and tansot inastte

The Palisadoes tombolo was altered to facilitate the airport and Port Royal roadway in the 1970’s. Due to isin sea leels and iolent ianes eseiall ost te oada as bein elal inndated b te aibbean Sea and bloed b sand o te dnes alon te alisadoes tobolo e aaia oenent to te ational os en ebaed on a oet to aise and stabilie te oada it lae o eetents is o eslted in te eoal o aoiatel o anoe aea o st oe lants

e niesit o te est ndies eatent o ie Sienes and ente o aine Sienes sined an it te in to eet te estoation o tese lost anoes to te elantin o a siila antit o anoe tees nde te aeeent soe o te obliations o te ee o oide te seedlins and lants anoe o ied seies o elantin oide te anoe o elantin and onitoin o te oet elae lants lost din te elantin and onitoin eeise to aintain a densit o no less tan anoe seedlins e

e tea ondted te baseline sientii stdies seised te eeation o te ideal anoe oest sloe at to sites alon te alisadoes and oided adened ea old salins o te anoe nseies e oet desined and ileented a solid aste anaeent sste to otet te on lants o te lae antities o solid aste tat as into inston abo eseiall din eiods o ea ainall

o onts o onitoin as indiated a ean sial o all aeas bein anoe salin sial is te ost iotant inde in tese eal staes as tis indiates ete te seies ae adated to tei ne enionent is anoe eabilitation as so a been e sessl it inial isses and ood sial

is anoe eabilitation oet as been te ost isible in aaia to date t ill not onl see te eainin o eene and eoloial anoe ntions bt ill oide alable data and insit as te tees beoe establised in an aea tat as seeel alteed and eied eoloial enineein

ontat noation ailo en e niesit o te est ndies ente o aine Sienes ona inston one ail ailotenionaed

228 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

Natasha Valencia-Martínez me e comanglares, niversidad del alle, ali, olombia

The influence of crustaceans in mangrove trophic systems was studied in the Pacific coast of olombia, sampling in localities of uenaventura and laga bays, during two contrasting weather seasons, taing in to account representative habitats mud flats, mangrove roots and tidal pools. s most representative organisms 20 species of crabs and shrimps were identified. descriptive model of contribution to the trophic web was developed in terms of biomass for different crustaceans groups. ss u is the dominant species of mangrove roots habitat, the shrimp eus mess of tidal pools and se and e of muddy flats in and out of the mangroves. ith regard to biomass, the species that are constant between localities, lie presented greater contribution than species found in particular localities, without being the most abundant lie u, this could be related with its habits in the forest development. ystems are mainly represented by omnivorous species and some herbivorous, lie es es, being not only an important member providing biomass but also integrating energy into the system, conserving and oygeniing the soil.

ontact nformation atasha alenciaartne, niversidad Del alle, ali, olombia. mail natasha.valenciacorreounivalle.edu.co

229 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

Craig van der Heiden nstitute for Regional onservation, Delray each, ,

oastal ecosystems form a natural front and barrier to the influence of marine waters on inland systems. owever, worldwide sealevel rise is having catastrophic effects on lowlying coastal ecosystems. The coastal ecosystems of south west lorida are highly susceptible to sea level rise. tudies monitoring plant community dynamics, in relation to sealevel rise, have demonstrated that changes result from flooding by saline water and species with a greater tolerance becoming more established as the salt sensitive species diebac. e eamine vegetation changes from aerial photographs taen in the 1940 to current in Rooery ay ational stuarine Research Reserve. Data show the most significant vegetation changes in total area are from marsh vegetation types transitioning towards mangrove dominated communities. The vegetation changes with the highest loss of biodiversity are reduction in pine and palm woodlands to button wood communities. The probable causes of these dramatic changes include rising sea level, a reduced freshwater flow from upstream and “ditches/canals” that bring tides further in when freshwater flow is at minimum dry season.

ontact nformation raig van der eiden, nstitute for Regional onservation, 100 inton lvd, Delray each, 4, Phone 1702, mail craigregionalconservation.org

230 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

Tom Van der Stocken ms eemes ie niesiteit ssel ssels eli et lsin aat alinia nstitte echnl

ane ests ae sstes that ide ecsste seices and thie at the ede sea and land in the stical aeas the ld he el n latin ales e seeds and its hich the disesal taecties ae deteined cean cents and inds antiin cnnectiit ane atches is an itant cnseatin cncen ent estiates cnnectiit hee ail t inteate the lin eteen cean cents at dieent satial scales and disesal taecties eall this eseach ais t inteate inteactins eteen ale and ect eties and assess the le these acts in deteinin eectie disesal in this eniatic cean ain tees ee e se hihesltin estiates cean cents and sace inds etelical and ceanahic analses in cnnctin ith eeiental data n ale and disesal ect eties t del disesal taecties ane ales in the aie hannel del tt shs the eect ceanahic eates sch as edd actiit and tidal tin n disesal tacs n site the cle atten cean sace cents and inds se ales ae ale t css the aie hannel eslts denstate that ind can acilitate cnteact hdchs disesal and hence deteine the tential ln distance disesal eical delin ane ale disesal taecties is a tl that can e sed t elain ast and cent distitins ane ests and assess the tential natal eansin these ests

ntact natin an de tcen aat lant il and ate anaeent ie niesiteit ssel leinlaan ssels eli hne ail tdstcailc

231 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

Katherine Vande Velde1 e u e ess em uues ateent de ilie des anises niesit ie de elles ssels eli eatent eah atinal niesit inae inae il eatent ie niesiteit ssel ssels eli

Defining ‘effective’ biodiversity conservation is inhibited by the continued lack of agreement on ‘what matters’ in conservation. This is leading to ncetaint sndin scial and eclical est actices ie cnseatin ethds and ecties hile the need e inteated and eectie idiesit cnseatin actin eains hih and ent

e cnside the case inae hich has lst alst its nce etensie ane ce casin a sstantial decline in idiesit and ecsste seice isin ecent ets hae een ade the inae enent t esee se these eainin aented ane ests e aettin nei lh etland esee in ee the estin eains hethe eistin idiesit cnseatin ets ae eectie ased n scial and eclical citeia

s cnseatin ecties and aaches ae ltidiensinal e se an en inteetatin ‘effectiveness’ of biodiversity conservation, based on multiple sources of knowledge and interpretations hat attes in ane cnseatin in the inae cntet analtic ae is ilt n the aadis i inclsie cnseatin and ii eidenceased cnseatin a and analse discses inteatin eclical and scial nlede lcal ane cnseatin e sed the ethdl, which studies participant’s subjectivity and viewpoint i eie and saie eidenceased eclical nlede sead an eets e sed the elhi ethd a ssteatic technie that snthesises eetled deents n a tic ii hese ae ellestalished ethds sed t e deate t dctie nds and in ne insihts e eectieness citeia in dieent eseach ields

he inteatin these ethds claiied the cinatins eectieness citeia that ld eslt in e less eectie idiesit cnseatin the lcall ie in inae eessed ecties ltiatel this std ais t identi aeas cnlict eteen discses and eidenceased nlede and assess ssile eediatin sltins thh inceased ndestandin hat constitutes effective biodiversity conservation for Singapore’s threatened mangroves.

ntact natin atheine ande elde niesit ie de elles ene anlin seelt elles hne ail athdelace

232 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

Juliana Vantellingen1,2 e niversity of Toronto, Toronto, ntario, anada reen orest roduct and Tech. te. td., Singapore

uilding upon a study on regeneration and ecological integrity of secondary mangrove forests, this paper studies the mangrove forests in est apua, ndonesia from a forestry perspective. The region has a huge area of mangrove forest that is currently at the end of a year harvest cycle undertaken by T intuni tama urni ood ndustries . This presents a huge opportunity for researching the first occurrence of secondary forest, and specifically for enhancing knowledge towards future sustainable harvests. aving well planned, informed management can enhance various aspects of sustainability, being capable of producing the same amount of yield from a harvest stand over successive rotations, while maintaining a steady flow of economic benefits. t also allows for other areas of mangrove forest to remain in their untouched state.

ased upon data collected in secondary forests of various ages, we present tools for the sustainable management of mangrove forest in est apua, ndonesia, specifically focusing upon achieving sustainable harvest yields and maimiing stand productivity. This has been translated into studying the optimal rotation period to capture sustainable volumes and assessing planting strategies that would maimie yield within production stands. sing chronoseuence data, an investigation of forest yield over time was implemented using nonlinear regression to determine if yields were comparable to those in primary forests. ean annual increment and periodic annual increment were also calculated in order to estimate the biological rotation age of secondary mangrove forest. inally, a model of forest yield was created using multiple regressions incorporating various stand characteristics stand age, density, species richness and diversity as predictors. This model was then used to simulate several scenarios of regeneration strategies to determine whether forest yield could be optimied using active management practices.

esults suggest that the current rotation of years does not achieve comparable yields to those of primary forests, nor had the optimal biological rotation been reached based on incremental growth. These results suggest an etended rotation might be needed to produce sustainable forest yields. orest yield was found to be predicted by stand age, density, species richness and diversity. odelling regeneration scenarios found that planting can achieve higher yields than allowing natural regeneration to take place. ariations in species richness and diversity had a significant impact on forest yield plantings that mimicked natural species distributions achieved the greatest yields as opposed to monocultures or evenly mied forests. These findings have implications for future management of mangrove forests in est apua as these tools can be used going forward to optimie harvest yields within already eisting secondary forests through rotation length and planting tactics.

ontact nformation uliana antellingen, orestry aculty, niversity of Toronto, illcocks Street, Toronto, S , ntario, anada. hone , mail juliana.vantellingenmail.utoronto.ca

233 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

Linda Walters1 e e u s ee e s ue e e niversity of entral lorida, rlando, , S inter Springs igh School, inter Springs, , S

ative mericans created etensive refuse piles shell middens along coastal shorelines in the Southeastern nited States. any of these archeologically significant middens are now being washed away as erosion from wind and boat wakes repeatedly pounds the edges of the midden shorelines. To protect these locations, we have employed living shoreline techniues appropriate for the east coast of lorida. These efforts include stabilied oyster shells in the low intertidal contained in bags or attached to mesh mats, the marsh cordgrass e in the midintertidal, and a mi of mangrove species reds, blacks, whites in the high intertidal.

e have employed this type of living shoreline deployment along seven sites in lorida linear meters over the past years with the help of over volunteers. s long as the cordgrass and mangroves have sufficient aboveground height and sufficient root biomass to withstand times of local high water and local storm events, we can see over survival of all plants. ithin three years, all sites include plants that are reproductive. ost significant is that shoreline erosion has been replaced with sediment accretion at all successful sites.

hile our deployed red mangroves have been very successful in terms of survival, growth and reproduction, natural recruitment following stabiliation has been very limited. To better understand this, we tracked tagged red mangrove seeds and followed natural mangrove recruitment for year. During this time, no new recruitment was found on our midden sites. This suggests there is something about the local midden sediments coarse shell that inhibits recruitment. To further understand this topic, we collected two additional types of data. irst, we looked at the sediment directly surrounding red mangroves that did recruit to middens versus nearby nonmidden shorelines. e found that red mangroves were always surrounded by finegrained sediments in spite of the makeup of the midden sediments. Second, we grew red mangroves from propagules in a range of sediment types from very fine to very coarse. e found uniue growth morphologies of roots in coarsergrained sediments, but survival was high in all treatments. ence, recruitment limitation appears to be associated with the ability of red mangrove seeds to initially become wedged into the shell sediments in ways that facilitate retention long enough for initial growth. These results emphasie the importance of humanmediated interventions along shorelines altered by ative mericans.

ontact nformation inda alters, Department of iology, niversity of entral lorida, entral lorida lvd., rlando, , S , hone , mail linda.waltersucf.edu

234 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

Alison K.S. Wee u s e lant cophysiology and volution roup, State ey aboratory of onservation and tiliation of Subtropical gro bioresources, ollege of orestry, uangi niversity, anning, uangi, riomote Station, Tropical iosphere esearch enter, niversity of the yukyus, kinawa, pplied lant cology ab, Department of iological Sciences, ational niversity of Singapore, S

angroves are one of the most threatened ecosystems in the world. nderstanding the drivers and limitations of gene flow and genetic adaptation is crucial to effectively manage the threats and conserve the longterm evolutionary potential of mangroves. The first part of this presentation summaries our studies over the past five years on five mangrove species from the ndoest acific region e e , uue m, mu and ss. These studies demonstrated that low propagule dispersal capabilities, land barriers and ocean currents may restrict gene flow in mangroves. This underscores the importance of effective longdistance propagule dispersal in genetically connecting fragmented mangrove populations and highlights the need to understand regional gene flow patterns via seascape genetics. The second part of the presentation outline our research plans for the coming five years to combine ecophysiological and genomics techniues to understand the genetic adaptation to salt stress and the thermal niche in mangroves. Through the application of ecological genomics, we aim to elucidate the physiological mechanism for adaptation to salt stress, to eplain the wide distribution of mangroves across habitats with varying thermal regime, and to estimate the future adaptive potential under climate change scenarios in mangroves.

ontact nformation lison .S. ee, lant cophysiology and volution ab, ollege of orestry, uangi niversity, anning, uangi, . hone , mail alisonwksgu.edu.cn alisonwksgmail.com

235 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

uee s u e Kevin R.T. Whelan3 Smithsonian nvironmental esearch enter, dgewater, D, S niversity of Teasio rande alley, dinburg, T, S ational ark Service, iami, , S

ntertidal mangrove peat forms thick deposits in response to sea level rise, yet its elevation accuracy as a sea level indicator, with an indicative range hypothetically defined by the local tide range, is considered to be affected over time by compaction. lant tissue degradation and decay, as well as compression and dewatering due to sediment loading and overburden pressure, are generally assumed mechanisms however actual measurements of, and corrections for, compaction are difficult to make across widely varying depositional regimes, sediment inputs, and tectonic influences.

This study obtained uantitative, calibrated peat densities and imagery from omputed Tomography T and from standard peat petrologic analysis to assess the amount of compaction in three continuous ussiancored peat sections from offshore carbonate platforms in lorida m, elie m and anama . m. n all cases, peat density remains constant from the peat surface to basal depths at densities only slightly eceeding the density of water on the ounsfield nit scale. eat also ehibits significant voids at all depths, and retains high water contents ranging from highs of in the absence of sediment to with sediment throughout. igher Tdensity intervals in peat sections are directly related to compositional changes sediment, coral, rather than to dewatering and compression of the peat. T nalysis of dried peat from stored cores indicates preservation of voids and open structures of plant remains with depth, maintaining negative densities midway between ater . and ir . Sedimentfree fresh peat is largely composed of waterlogged plant remains and waterfilled voids.

Thus, where peat deposits on offshore platforms are not interrupted by thick sediment lenses, local hydrology and tidal forces maintain water pressure throughout the system, preventing dewatering and compaction of continuous peats and hypothetically maintaining the sealevel indicative elevation range of any sample at depth. Thick, uncompacted peat sections are therefore more valuable than basal peats in providing the full history of sea level rise at open ocean platform sites. ther factors affecting accurate sea level indicator status of uncompacted peat include hiatuses in peat formation, bioturbation, tissue degradation over time, and radiocarbon dating reversals attributed to younger root contamination of deeper samples, as well as upward remobiliation of older carbon by these roots.

ontact nformation evin . T. helan, ational ark Service, ld utler oad Suite , iami, lorida , hone , mail evinhelannps.gov

236 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

AVICENNIA GERMINANS) KathyWorley es e s u ee e onservancy of Southwest lorida, aples, ., S ewis nvironmental Services, Salt Springs, ., S Dorothea ysko, The cology roup, nc., unta orda, ., S aura lynn, oastal esources roup, nc., Salt Springs, ., S effrey arter, ookery ay ational stuarine esearch reserve, aples, ., S

Two separate black mangrove dieoffs in ollier ounty, lorida, S share similar characteristics. oth sites are bound on at least two sides by roads or other development. angroves were visibly stressed after heavy rains in and completely dead by . The lam ay dieoff ha is located in north aples. The ruit arm reek dieoff ha is located near the southwest boundary of ookery ay ational stuarine esearch eserve. rban encroachment adjacent to these estuarine areas interrupted the natural tidal flow, causing water impoundment, which ultimately resulted in mangrove mortality. rior to restoration, these dieoffs had no signs of sustainable mangrove reestablishment. The ecology of the areas had deteriorated as fish and invertebrates movements into and out of the areas was very restricted, and the eport of detrital material to the adjacent estuary was reduced.

estoration began in within the dieoff and was for the most part completed in . The dieoff is bisected by S and limited funding confined restoration to the smaller northern section of the dieoff in . n both cases, restoration consisted of improving the tidal flow by dredging main tidal arteries, reconnecting dieoff areas to tidal tributaries, and installation of an array of handdug channels to drain ecess surface water and encourage tidal flushing. re and postrestoration assessments of floristic composition are being performed at least annually to assess temporal changes to vegetation in comparison to the established prerestoration baseline.

Shortly after restoration, results indicated that both dieoffs were showing signs of recovery. Tidal flushing increased and a substantial amount of standing fresh water was removed from the dieoff areas. s water levels subsided and the tides cycles reestablished, the dieoff areas were again suitable for mangrove establishment. ithin one year, mangrove seedlings were attempting to colonie the dieoff areas, and by three to si years postrestoration mangroves were well established. The degree and success of mangrove reestablishment was directly linked to whether or not areas within the dieoffs were able to drain impounded water the proimity to the handdug channels and if the topography allowed for tidal echange. The mangrove system has improved in the sense that the dieoff areas present in have been greatly diminished. Seedlings have grown into mangrove trees, intra and interspecies completion is occurring, and annual assessments are now documenting shifts in mangrove tree percent composition. eather events, disease and other stressors continue to impact the mangroves within this isolated estuary. number of plots that were relatively healthy in are now stressed from both natural andor anthropogenic stressors. The mangrove system after years has seen tremendous mangrove recruitment in the areas where water impoundment has abated and the tidal regime has been reestablished. owever, there is still has a long way to go to be able to say that the restoration has been successful.

ontact nformation athy orley, onservancy of Southwest lorida, Smith reserve ay, aples, ., S , hone , mail kathywconservancy.org

237 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

Arimatéa Ximenes1 u e us ee u ee u ues niversit ibre de ruelles, , russels, rije niversiteit russel, , russels, niversity of elsinki, elsinki, ational nstitute for Space esearch, , So os dos ampos,

rail has one of the largest mangrove surfaces worldwide. Due to a wide latitudinal distribution, railian mangroves can be found within a large range of environmental conditions. owever, little attention has been given to the description of environmental variables driving the distribution of mangroves in rail. n this study we present a novel and unprecedented description of environmental conditions for all mangroves along the railian coast. e apply a descriptive statistics and datadriven approach using Selfrganiing aps S and we combine data from terrestrial and marine environmental geodatabases in a eographical nformation Science S. e evaluate environmental variables bioclimatic variables, sea surface temperature derivates and salinity. The results reveal groups of correlated variables and that can be divided in groups of i ir temperature derivates and sea surface temperature ii Temperature, vapotranspiration and recipitation derivates and iii recipitation derivates, aridity, and salinity. ur results unveil new locations of etreme values of temperature and precipitation. e conclude that s and ems are more limited by precipitation and aridity and that they do not necessarily follow a latitudinal gradient. ur data also reveals that the lowest temperature of the coldest month are not necessarily found at the southernmost limits of mangroves in rail. owever, the minimum sea surface temperature drops gradually with higher latitudes in the southern hemisphere and is probably a better indicator for the decrease of species at the latitudinal limits of mangroves than the air temperature and precipitation.

ontact nformation rimata imenes, niversit ibre de ruelles, venue .D. oosevelt , , ruelles, elgium. hone , mail ari.imenesgmail.com

238 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

Jiaxing Xu e Department of eography and esource anagement, The hinese niversity of ong ong, hina

lobal climate change can lead to alternations in the regional patterns of temperature, precipitation and runoff, which will in turn potentially affect the magnitude of greenhouse gas production from mangrove soils. thorough understanding of the effects of temperature and salinity on the and production potentials from mangrove soils is needed for predicting their feedback on climate change. n this study, we eamined the influence of temperature , , and salinity ppt, ppt, ppt, ppt on anaerobic and production potentials from the soils in three different subtropical wetlands, namely a freshwater marsh, an estuarine mangrove, and an oceanic mangrove.

e found the lowest and production potentials in the freshwater marsh, which was 22 μg g d and . . μg g d , respectively. s for the other two sites, soil production potentials were higher in the oceanic mangrove μg g d than in the estuarine mangrove μg g d, while the opposite pattern was observed for production potentials. values of and production potentials from the three wetlands varied from . to ., and from . to ., respectively, demonstrating a significant influence of temperature on production. The highest values were in ai o, which could be attributed to the higher concentrations of soil nutrients such as available phosphorous and organic carbon. e observed significant differences in and potentials between and ppt at all sites, with a reduction of production potential by at the highest salinity level. owever, an increase in salinity from to ppt enhanced production potential of soils by , and in the freshwater marsh, the estuarine mangrove, and the oceanic mangrove, respectively. Salinity had the least effect in affecting production potential in the oceanic mangrove, which could be attributed to the already high salinity level initially at this site. ur results demonstrate the importance of changing temperature and salinity on the magnitude of greenhouse gas production potentials and hence the potential feedback to climate change in different types of coastal wetlands.

ontact nformation iaing u, The hinese niversity of ong ong, eography and esource anagement, oom , ong oo uan uilding, The hinese niversity of ong ong, T, Shatin, ong ong , hina, hone , mail ujiainglink.cuhk.edu.hk

239 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

RHIZOPHORA APICULATA Shaohua u Sun atSen niversity, uanghou, hina

angroves are woody plants that originated from inland ancestors and have invaded the intertidal one. e generated the e assembled whole genome of the red mangrove, u, as well as the genomic seuences of si related species of hiophoreae. ur phylogenetic analyses showed that hiophoreae originated during a time range of million years before present. e also found genomic features that may underlying mangroves’ adaptation into the intertidal one, including the elevated evolutionary rate of hiohporeae species comparing with their inland relatives, which may resulted from the relaation of purify selection enes that related with viviparous embryo and high tannin content were found to have eperienced significant alterations in copy number and mangrove specific amino acid constitution. urthermore, the etremely small effective population sie of u estimated by PSMC indicated that it’s particularly vulnerable to the sea level fluctuation. The genomic data of u also provide valuable resources for the future evolutionary studies in organisms occuring in the mangrove forest as well as predicting the response of the coastal ecosystem to global climate changes.

ontact nformation Shaohua u, Sun atSen niversity, o. , ingang i oad, uanghou, , . . hina, hone , mail ushaohua.com

240 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

VIGNA MARINA Takashi Yamamoto s su m e sm es s raduate School of Science Chiba niversity Chiba P Sugadaira Montane esearch Center niversity of suuba agano P Museum of atural and nvironmental istory Shiuoa P aculty of ducation niversity of the yuyus inaa P riomote Station ropical iosphere esearch Center niversity of the yuyus inaa P

Sea dispersal plants lie mangrove plants produce specifically adapted diaspores mainly seeds and fruits to sea dispersal and can disperse them over the vast distance by ocean currents s sea dispersal is often effective for long distance dispersal many of the sea dispersal plants have etremely ide distribution range in tropics and subtropics orldide istinct spatial genetic structures are common in many mangrove species across apparent geographic barriers for eample uue m across Malay Peninsula and me across Central Panama sthmus and they are eplained in the contet of vicariance caused by land barriers that prevented migration of seeds by sea dispersal oever some recent ors on mangroves using genetic marers also reported clear genetic structure ithin oceanic regions here no apparent geographic barriers eist hich may imply the presence of “Cryptic Barriers”. Although these genetic structures may promise to provide new insight into historical biogeography of mangroves detail studies have not been ell performed yet

n this study e employed a idespread sea dispersal legume m urm Merr as a model species to test the “Cryptic Barrier” hypothesis in the Pacific. This species distributes in IWP region and has ider distribution range than all other P mangroves e conducted idescale phylogeographic analysis to understand detail patterns of population genetic structure using both cp and nuclear microsatellite SS marers for more than individuals collected from countries Moreover e employed pproimate ayesian Computation C based approaches to infer past demographic history that formed the contemporary genetic structure in the focal region

Cp seuences shoed high levels of genetic diversity and clear population genetic structure ithin the distribution range e recognied clear genetic structure divided into three groups orth Pacific (NP), South Pacific (SP) and Indian Ocean (IO), strongly differentiated each other (F’CT=0.954 to lthough the genetic structure as less distinct for nuclear microsatellite regional tendency of genetic diversity was similar to the one for cpDNA. These results supported the presence of the “Cryptic Barrier” ithin the Pacific cean dditionally C analysis estimated the divergence time beteen P and SP at last glacial maimum M hich indicates a strong influence of past climatic events on the population genetic structure of sea dispersal species including mangroves hese finding may provide ne insight into biogeography and conservation of coastal plants including mangroves

Contact nformation aashi amamoto epartment of iology raduate School of Science Chiba niversity ayoicho nageu Chiba P Phone mail tyamamotovmgmailcom

241 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

ese Erik Yando Institue for Coastal and Water esearch, niversity of ouisiana at afayette, afayette, A, SA Coastal Plant cology aboratory niversity of ouisiana at afayette, afayette, A, SA

pansion of mangrove populations into salt marshes at their latitudinal limit reuires successful propagule dispersal and establishment. Warmer winter temperatures are epected to allow for mangrove populations to epand into previously salt marsh dominated systems both in the northern ulf of eico and worldwide. ydrology, temperature, and marsh vegetation facilitationcompetition play an important role in dispersal and establishment. Our study eamined the influence of hydrology and marsh vegetation through a series of complementary studies near Port Fourchon, ouisiana. We dispersed 500 painted propagules at five elevation treatments across a gradient in a restored salt marsh using five different colors. We sampled propagule retention within the site, elevation, distance traveled and the surrounding vegetation structure of their location at one day, five days, and one month after dispersal. We observed 50 retention after one day and 0 retention after five days, with most of the retained propagules moving up in elevation. Those propagules that were retained were most often found within moderately dense vegetation and wrac deposits. Propagules moved a minimum of 0 m to 4 m in distance, with areas of denser vegetation trapping greater numbers of propagules. Additionally, in the same area as the dispersal study we established si 0.m enclosures each containing 5 e ems propagules at each of the same five elevations to eamine the effect of hydrology on propagule survival, establishment, and growth in the first si months. Although monitoring of both studies is ongoing, it is already apparent that marsh structure may act as a barrier or as a facilitator to propagule stranding and establishment, and whether or not propagules are retained within a given area depend on the elevation they are dispersed to, which also differentially affects survival and establishment. This information will be useful for scientists and land managers looing to understand local and regional epansion patterns, and to inform restoration practitioners in the potential utiliation of mangrove propagules rather than adult plants for mangrove restoration.

Contact Information ri ando, Coastal Plant cology aboratory, 40 . Saint ary Blvd, Billeaud all oom 0, afayette, A 050, Phone 455, mail yandolouisiana.edu

242 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

(Δ Lu Zhai Biology, niversity of iami, Coral ables, F, SA

Sea level rise and the subseuent intrusion of saline seawater can result in an increase in soil salinity, and potentially cause coastal salineintolerant vegetation (e.g., hardwood hammocs or pines) to be replaced by salinetolerant vegetation (e.g., mangroves or salt marshes). Although the vegetation shifts can be easily monitored by satellite imagery, it is hard to predict a particular area or even a particular tree that is vulnerable to such shift. In order to find an appropriate indicator for the potential vegetation shift, we incorporated stable isotope O abundance as a tracer in various hydrologic components (e.g., vadose one, water table) in a previously published model describing ecosystem shifts between hammoc and mangrove communities in southern Florida. Our simulations showed that () there was a linear relationship between salinity and the δO value in the water table, whereas this relationship was curvilinear in the vadose one () hammoc trees with higher probability of being replaced by mangroves had higher δO values of plant stem water, and this difference could be detected two years before the trees reached a tipping point, beyond which future replacement became certain () individuals that were eventually replaced by mangroves from the hammoc tree population with a 50 replacement probability had higher stem water δO values three years before their replacement became certain compared to those from the same population which were not replaced. Overall, these simulation results suggest that it is promising to trac the yearly δO values of plant stem water in hammoc forests to predict impending salinity stress and mortality.

Contact Information u hai, niversity of iami, Biology, 0 emorial Dr, Coral ables, F 4, Phone 0540, mail hailubio.miami.edu

243 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

SONNERATIA CASEOLARIS S. APETALA ue e Hewei Zhao u u e ey aboratory of the inistry of ducation for Coastal and Wetland cosystems, College of nvironment and cology, iamen niversity, iamen, Fuian, China FutianCity niversity angrove D Center, Shenhen, China

Due to periodic flooding of tidal water, mangroves grow in saline and anaerobic conditions. On adapting to such severe conditions, mangrove species developed particular water use regimes which have interested scientists for decades. So far, only a few studies focus on the water use characteristics of a wholetree or on stand levels of mangroves. There are two e mangrove species, e and ses, in Futian mangroves of Shenhen, uangdong Province in China. e was nonnative and introduced from Bangladesh in 95, while ses is a native species in ainan Province and transplanted in Shenhen in 99.

We carried out a study on sap flow characteristics of these two mangrove species with raniertype thermal dissipation probes. Sap flow attenuation in ylem were determined by using probes with the function of evaluating sap flow at three radial depths in stems, which were 5mm, 50mm and 90mm, respectively. At the 50mm depth, sap flow in e and ses truns were reduced by 5 and respectively compared to sap flow at the 5mm depth, however, both species had little sap flow measured at the depth of 90mm. apor pressure deficit (PD) and photosynthetic active radiation (PA) had varying influences on sap flow of both species. Significant difference of stand water uptae on sunny day occurred between the two species. e population had water use of 5. mm d comparing to .5mm dof ses, indicating a higher water uptae of e We concluded that nonnative e had better water use regime than ses, which was estimated to have greater influence on area water budget. These results were helpful to eplain the invasive potential of e in Shenhen mangroves in China.

Contact Information hao ewei, College of the nvironment and cology, iamen niversity, iamen, Fuian, China, mail healweefomail.com, Corresponding author mail luhenchenmu.edu.cn

244 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

e e e ue ee Martin Zimmer eibniCenter for Tropical arine cology

ecalcitrant organic matter stored under saline and anoic conditions in mangrove sediments potentially contributes to climate changemitigation through reducing CO and NO emission into the atmosphere upon decomposition processes. Such sediment organic matter (SO) is derived from root eudates of the mangrove vegetation and any ind of dead organic matter (detritus). ow effective SO is in preventing the evolution of climateactive gases and retaining carbon and nitrogen belowground depends on its structure and recalcitrance which, in turn, is governed by its origin and history. We will present an approach to characterie SO chemically with high resolution to determine the relationship between SO structure and mangrove community composition as a first step to correlate mangrove communities with servicerelevant ecosystem processes.

Contact Information artin immer, eibniCenter for Tropical arine cology, Fahrenheitstr. , Bremen 59, ermany, Phone 49400, mail martin.immerleibnimt.de

245 MMM4 2016 | 4th Mangrove & Macrobenthos Meeting

Philine zu Ermgassen mm e eee 2 niversity of Cambridge, The niversity of Adelaide, Australia The Nature Conservancy, niversity of Siena, Italy

Over 00 million people live within 0m of a mangrove forest, and a very large number of these depend on mangrove fisheries as a ey source of employment, livelihood or food security. We are woring towards the development of reliable models and maps to uantify the value of mangroves for fishsupply worldwide, and to show how that value varies across geographic space.

At a global scale, our aim is to build a conceptual model of the relative value of mangrove fisheries, validated using collated fisheries data from different locations and fisheries. This model will combine environmental and socioeconomic data, using an iterative Delphistyle techniue to weight variable importance by epert udgement. Submodels may be used to incorporate different socioeconomic or geographic variables for, for eample, artisanal and commercial fisheries. The conceptual models will then be used to produce a global map of predicted fisheries catch derived from mangroves. In parallel with this wor we hope to be developing an inde of species dependency on mangroves.

The global map of catch values resulting from the conceptual model will be tested using both data from case study regions for which good uality fisheries data can been obtained, and the inde of mangrove dependency.

In this paper we will present preliminary findings of the wor, including the ey environmental drivers of mangrove productivity and standing stoc, and the ey socioeconomic drivers of fishing effort and value. We hope that by sharing our wor at 4 we will also elicit further epert input and generate broader partnerships.

Contact Information Philine u rmgassen, Department of oology, niversity of Cambridge, Phone. 44 (0) . mail philine.uermgassencantab.net

246 July 18 - 22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL

NOTES

247 THANK YOU SPONSORS

Smithsonian TMON - MarineGEO

Partnering Organizations

UF/IFAS Off ice of Conferences & Institutes 2311 Mowry Rd, Bldg. 78 An international discussion on the causes and consequences of Gainesville, FL 32611 PO Box 110750 mangrove ecosystem responses to an ever-changing climate. Phone: (352) 392-5930 www.conference.ifas.ufl.edu/ July 18-22, 2016 | St. Augustine, FL