Index

Page numbers in italics refer to Figures or Tables Amplexocarinia 425 anaerobic facies 324, 325 Abrigo de Vale de Ventos 289 anhydrite 24-7 Acanthophyllum 428 Antalis entalis 85, 87, 91 accommodation space 198-9 Anti-Atlas ramps aeolianites 18-20 carbonate mounds Aggtelek-Rudab~nya Mts 316 Aferdou el Mrakib 418-20 biological controls 331-2 Guelb el Maharch 420-2 climate and sediment supply 333-5 Jebel el Offal 422-5 cycles of deposition 326-30 facies analysis 425-9 facies analysis 318-25 history of research 417-18 role of storms 332-3 mound drowning 431 sea-level controls 335 mound growth rate 431 tectonic controls 331 mound stability and shape 429-30 stratigraphy 316-18 Arabian Gulf 8, 12, 45-6 Ahnet Basin ramp 397-8 Pleistocene-Recent carbonates biostratigraphy 399-401 effect of sea level 47 biota 401-2 effect of tectonics 47-8 build-up development 412 erosional features 48 diagenesis 406-7,410-12 sedimentation 48-50 dykes and cavities 405-6 United Arab Emirates (UAE) coast 15-16 fauna 407-8 climate 17 modelling build-ups 410 geomorphology 17 mud build-ups 401-2 glacial influence 17 mud origin 410 marine currents 17-18 palaeogeography 408-10 microbial mats 38 stratigraphy 402-4 sea-level changes 35-7 stromatactis 405 sedimentology AI Dabb'iya Peninsula 23, 24, 51 20-33 algal 219-21 Pleistocene 18-20 algal stabilized zone 58, 60 seismic survey 34-5 Algeria, Devonian ramp study 397-8 tectonic setting 16-17 biostratigraphy 399-401 wind effects 33-4 biota 401-2 Arca tetragona 85 build-up development 412 Arcopagia crassa 84, 92 diagenesis 406-7,410-12 Arcopella balaustina 91 dykes and cavities 405-6 Arctica islandica 85 fauna 407-8 Areif el Naqa 260 modelling build-ups 410 arenaceous limestone 218-19 mud build-ups 401-2 Argens 211 mud origin 410 Armancies Formation 186, 195, 197 palaeogeography 408-10 Assilina 183, 185,186, 191,192 stratigraphy 402M Astarte crenata 91 stromatactis 405 Asterias rubens 91 Alpes Maritimes 207, 211 Atrypa 420, 422, 425 Infranummulitic Formation 205-6 Aulocystis 422, 425 depositional basin 206 Australian temperate carbonates 93--6, 96-8 depositional model 222 Austrotrillina 166 facies analysis 209-17 autocycles v. sea-level cycles 108 stratigraphic evolution 223 Nummulitic Limestone 206 Bacinella irregularis 233,242 depositional model 222-3 backshore facies association 300-1 facies analysis 217-21 bafflestone 294 palaeoecology 207-9 Bainbridgia 420, 422, 425 stratigraphic evolution 223-4 Bakevellia 360 Alveolina 183, 188, 195 Balanus spp. 86 Alveolites 407 Balearic ramp 12 ammonites 263,323 ball and pillow 323 Amphistegina 166, 168, 217,218, 219, 223 bank, defined 369-70

457 458 INDEX barchan dunes 19 Mader basin 418-20 barrier island evolution 24, 306-10 carbonate ramps backshore 300-1 character 107-8 foreshore 299-300 defined 1, 9, 229 offshore 288-92 evolution of concept 9-11, 43-5 shoreface 292-9 origins 7-8 basinal facies 377-8 Basque-Cantabrian Basin see Egalezaburu climatic interpretation 11 ramp ramp examples see Illinois Basin beach ridges 21-4 Carinatripa 420, 422 bedforms Carpathian Basin Triassic ramp 340-2 Brazil ramp 61 carbonate source 362-3 Shetland ramp 98-9 diagenesis 358-9 Beudanticeras 262 lithofacies Bilbao Anticlinorium 230 354-7 bioclastic gravel facies 86 upper Anisian 352-4 bioclastic mud gravel facies 88-9 middle Anisian 348-52 bioclastic pebble sand facies 86 lower Anisian 343-8 bioclastic sand facies 85 pre-ramp 342-3 bioherm 369,379-80 oceanographic setting 363-4 biomicrite 288 palaeogeography 340 bivalves 84, 85, 86, 166, 218,288, 323, 343,344, 346 physical environment 359-61 B6dvaszilas Sandstone Formation 316, 318-20, 326, ramp morphology 357-8 327 role of frame-builders 363 Bonney Shelf 94 sea-level effects 361-2 Borden Siltstone 370, 371 sedimentation rate 358 Boreotrophon truncatus 84, 90 Caryophyllia smithii 84, 85, 86, 87, 91 87, 88, 92, 288, 344 Castellet les Sausses 212 Brazil offshore environment 55 Cellaria fistulosa 87 oceanography 56-8 cement crystal properties 295,302 ramp comparisons 66-9, 70 Centrocythere sanninensis 262 sediment composition 61-2 Cerithium marl 216-16 sediment mixing 63-6 Chaetacladus plurnula 442 sediment sources 63 Chlamys islandica 88, 89 sediment transport 61 Chondrites 140, 144, 378, 385 sediment zones 58-61 chronostratigraphy 221-2 bryozoa 84, 85, 86, 88, 92, 166,218,389-90 Chrysalidina gradata 263 bryozoan sand facies 87 Cidaris cidaris 89, 91 Bu Labyad 23, 24, 29 Circomphalus casina 84, 91 Buccinurn spp. 84, 90 Cladochonus 420, 422, 425 build-up character fasciata 84, 91 differences discussed 128-30 Cleistopora 407 greenhouse 114-15 Clifden Bay 73 icehouse 126 climate effects on ramps transitional climate 121-2 Cretaceous 276 Burlington Formation 370, 371 greenhouse 113-15 Buskea dichotoma 85, 87 icehouse 122-7 Buthograptus laxus 442 transitional 115-22 Triassic 334-5 Cabeqa Gorda 291 Cliona spp. 84, 85 Cabiqo das Fontes 296,297 Clypeaswr 166 Cadf Formation 183, 186,187, 188-92 Coda~a1290 Calceola spp. 407, 428 Coenothyris vulgaris 352,353, 354, 360 Caliapora 407 Col de la Combi6re 208 carbonate aeolianites 18-20 Col de la Forclaz 209 carbonate mounds Col du Colonney 210 mud mound Col du Fa 212 defined 369,417 Collongues 213 Guelb el Maharch 420-2 Colus spp. 84, 90, 91 Jebel el Offal 422-5 conglomerate facies 83 Port Payne Formation 378-9 conodonts 323,377 Ullin Formation 383 contourites 98-9 reef mound coquina floatstone 351 defined 417 coralgal patch reef 166 INDEX 459 coralline algal rhodolith 166 Eocene ramps see Haute Savoie also Sierra del Cad/ 294, 407-8, 429 Eogaudryceras vocontianum 262 Corones Formation 186, 193-5 epeiric seas Coronoporata truncata 87 defined 437 Costatoria costata 343 ramp facies 439-45 Costatoria goldfuss 346, 360 Eucla Platform 94 Crania anomala 87, 88, 91, 92 eustasy see sea-level change Crenulipora 422 evaporites Cretaceous ramps see Gorbea Massif also Sinai Carpathian Basin 343 crinoids 322-3,351-2, 390, 429 United Arab Emirates 24-31, 37 cross bedding 297-8, 302 current-facing effects 173~4 facies analysis cyclicity and cyclostratigraphic modelling 11,241-3 Egalezaburu Cretaceous ramp method 110-13 inner 233-7 problems 108-10 mid 23741 results outer 241 greenhouse climate 113-15 Iberian Peninsula icehouse climate 122-7 inner ramp 145, 146-7 transitional climate 115-22 mid ramp 144-5, 146 results discussed 128-30 outer ramp 140-3, 146 Cycloclypeus 166 Infranummulitic Formation 209-17 Cystiphylloides 420, 428 Nummulitic Limestone 21%21 Sinai Cretaceous ramp 264-70 Dadocrinus 351,352 West Shetland Shelf 82-3 Decorah Formation 438 bioclastic gravel 86 desiccation cracks 344 bioclastic mud gravel 88-9 Devonian ramps see Ahnet Basin also Mader Basin bioclastic pebble sand 86 Devonogypa 420 bioclastic sand 85 diagenesis bryozoan sand 87 Ahnet Basin 406-7, 410-12 conglomerate 83 Carpathian Basin 358-9 Ditrupa sand 88 Discocyclina 183, 185, 192, 207, 218, 223 foraminiferan mud 87-8 Ditrupa arientina 91 shell gravel 84-5 Ditrupa sand facies 88 facing, significance of 173-6 dolomicrite 441 Fair Isle Channel 99 Favosites 407 Carpathian Basin 343,348 Fern Glen Formation 370, 371 Sinai Cretaceous ramp 259, 261 Flaine 210 Dosinia lupinus 86 floatstone Dualipora 425 Carpathian Basin 345-6, 348, 351 dune sands 18-20, 58, 60, 61 Mader Basin 426 dysaerobic facies 324, 325, 344-8 Sinai Cretaceous ramp 259, 261 Florida Shelf 66 Echinocyamus pusillus 85, 86, 91 foraminifera 288, 323 echinoids 85, 86, 87, 166, 218, 288 Cretaceous of Sinai 262, 263 Echinus esculentus 91 Eocene 183,186 Eckicrinus radiatus 353 palaeoecology in Nummulitic Limestone 207-9 economic significance of 390-1 foraminiferal facies Eddystone shell gravels 73 Mediterranean 166 Egalezaburu Cretaceous ramp 230-3 West Shetland Shelf 87-8 controls on development 247-9 foreland basins cyclicity 241-3 carbonate setting 205 facies Eocene of Spain 181-3 inner 233-7 facies model 183 mid 237--41 platform evolution 198-200 outer 241 sequence sedimentology 183-98 sea-level change 243-6 foreshore facies association 299-300 sequence stratigraphy 243 Fort Payne Formation 372-3 timescale 246-7 biostratigraphy 376-7 Emarginula fissura 85 bryozoan-crinoidal build-ups 389-90 Enantuistreon difforme 360 comparison with Waulsortian mounds 388-9 English Channel 73 depositional environment 385-6 Entolium 360 economic properties 390-1 Entolium discites 353 facies analysis 377-9 460 INDEX

history of research 373-6 Hajar Mts 16, 18 sequence stratigraphy 387-8 Halimeda spp. 59, 60, 62 Foula Ridge 82, 84 Halitherium 166 frame-builders 363 Hapsiphyllum 407 framestone 294 hardground 31-3,292 French Haute Savoie 207 Infranummulitic Formation 205-6 Infranummulitic Formation 205-6 depositional basin 206 depositional basin 206 depositional model 222 depositional model 222 facies analysis 20%17 facies analysis 209-17 stratigraphic evolution 223 stratigraphic evolution 223 Nummulitic Limestone 206 Nummulitic Limestone 206 depositional model 222-3 depositional model 222-3 facies analysis 217-21 facies analysis 217-21 palaeoecology 207-9 palaeoecology 207-9 stratigraphic evolution 223-4 stratigraphic evolution 223-4 Hebrides 73 Galena Formation 438 Hechticythere croutensis 262 Gari tellinella 84, 85, 90, 91 Heliophyllum 420, 428 Garumnian Formation 185 herringbone cross bedding 297 gastropods 84, 85, 86, 87, 89, 90 Heteranomia squamula 86 Gebel el Mistan 257, 258 Heterostegina 166, 168, 170 Gebel Hala1260 Heterozoan Association 11, 92, 93 Gebel Mansoura 257, 258, 263 Hexagonaria 407,420 Gebel Minshera 260 highstand systems tract Gebel Raghawi 257, 258 Egalezaburu Cretaceous ramp 245-6 Gervillea 343 Eocene of Spain 198 glauconite 323 Iberian Peninsula Jurassic 147, 149, 159 Glenwood Formation Sinai Cretaceous ramp 275-6 lithofacies analysis 439-45 Hiatella arctica 85, 86 model of ramp facies 450-4 Hinia incrassata 91 palaeogeography 438 Hoernesia spp. 353,360 sequence stratigraphy 445-50 Holocrinus 360 Glottida tenuissima 344 homoclinal ramp 108 Glycymeris glycymeris 84, 85, 86, 90, 91 hummocky cross stratification Gorbea Massif 230 Aggtelek-Rudab~inya Mts 320, 321,323 Egalezaburu Cretaceous ramp 230-3 Carpathian Basin 345,346, 351 controls on development 247-9 Lusitania Basin 295 cyclicity 241-3 Ullin Formation 381,383,385 facies Triassic ramps inner ramp 233-7 Aggtelek-Rudab~inya Mts 316 mid ramp 237-41 biological controls 331-2 outer ramp 241 climate and sediment supply 333-5 sea-level change 243-6 cycles of deposition 326-30 sequence stratigraphy 243 facies analysis 318-25 timescale 246-7 role of storms 332-3 Gouldia minima 91 sea-level controls 335 grainstone stratigraphy 316-18 Aggtelek-Rudabfinya Mts ramp 323 tectonic controls 331 Carpathian Basin 348,351-2 Carpathian Basin 340-2 Egalezaburu Cretaceous ramp 238,239,240 carbonate source 362-3 Glenwood Formation 443-4 diagenesis 358-9 Maci~o Calcfirio ramp 288,289, 291,292,295, 297, lithofacies 300 Ladinian 354-7 Mediterranean Miocene 165-6 upper Anisian 352-4 Sierra del Cadf Basin 188 middle Anisian 348-52 Sinai Cretaceous ramp 259, 261 lower Anisian 343-8 Ullin Formation 383 pre-ramp 342-3 grapestone 292 oceanographic setting 363-4 gravity sliding 170-2 palaeogeography 340 greenhouse climate and ramp response 113-15 physical environment 359-61 Gutenstein Formation 316 ramp morphology 357-8 gutter cast 324 role of frame-builders 363 gypsum 27 sea-level effects 361-2 INDEX 461

sedimentation rate 358 Le Chinaillon 208 Hyblean Plateau 176 leeward effects 174-6 hydrodynamics 303-4 Lepidocyclina 166, 168, 170, 173,218 L'Epine 210 Iberian Peninsula see Portugal also Spain Leptaena 420 icehouse climate ramp response 122-7 Leptochiton asellus 85, 86 Illinois Basin Carboniferous ramp 370-2 light effects on ramp development 360 biostratigraphy 376-7 lime mud 218 bryozoan-crinoidal build-ups 389-90 Limopsis aurita 89, 91 carbonate source 389 Lincoln Shelf 94 comparison with Waulsortian mounds 388-9 Lingula tenuissima 343 economics of limestones 390-1 Lithophaga 166, 214 facies analysis 377-85 Lithophyllum 60 history of research 373-6 longshore transport 158 modelling depositional environment 385-7 lowstand systems tract regional stratigraphy 372-3 Egalezaburu Cretaceous ramp 245-6 sequence stratigraphy 387-8 Iberian Peninsula Jurassic 159 Infranummulitic Formation 205-6 Sinai Cretaceous ramp 272-4 depositional basin 206 Lusitanian Basin depositional model 222 barrier evolution 306-10 facies analysis 209-17 carbonate production 310-11 stratigraphic evolution 223 facies associations Ireland, ramp sites 73 backshore 300-1 iron oxide bands 33 foreshore 299-300 isotopic analysis 410-12 lagoona1302-3 Italy (southern) see Mediterranean divide offshore 288-92 Ivdelinia 420 shoreface 292-9 Ivoie 212 tidal inlet-delta 301-2 hydrodynamics 303-4 Jurassic ramps Jurassic palaeogeography 285 Portugal 281-4 sand body geometry 304-6 barrier evolution 306-10 sequence stratigraphy 310 carbonate production 310-11 Lyriomyophoria 360 facies associations backshore 300-1 Macandrevia cranium 88, 89, 91 foreshore 299-300 Maciqo Calc~irio ramp 281-4 lagoona1302-3 barrier evolution 306-10 offshore 288-92 carbonate production 310-11 shoreface 292-9 facies associations tidal inlet-delta 301-2 backshore 300-1 hydrodynamics 303-4 foreshore 299-300 palaeogeography 285 lagoonal 302-3 sand body geometry 304-6 offshore 288-92 sequence stratigraphy 310 shoreface 292-9 Spain 138-40 tidal inlet-delta 301-2 model and field data discussed 155-9 hydrodynamics 303-4 model parameters 148-9, 154 Jurassic palaeogeography 285 model results 154-5 sand body geometry 304-6 Teruel section 152,153 sequence stratigraphy 310 Zaragoza section 150,151 Mader Basin Devonian ramp 418 modelling program 148 carbonate mounds Teruel section 141,143, 146-8 Aferdou el Mrakib 418-20 Zaragoza section 140,141,142, 144-5 Guelb el Maharch 420-2 Jebel el Offal 422-5 Kellia suboricularis 85 facies analysis 425-9 Keokuk Formation 370, 371 history of research 417-18 Kimmeridgian ramp see Jurassic of Spain mound drowning 431 Knemiceras 262, 263 mound growth rate 431 mound stability and shape 429-30 La Bonbardellaz 209 Malta see Mediterranean divide La Communaille 208 Mannin Bay 73 La Rochette 213 marls 241,259, 261 Lacepede shelf 12, 94 Massif de Plat6 210 lagoonal facies 165, 302-3,320-1 Meandrina 168 462 INDEX

Mediterranean divide New Zealand temperate carbonates 93-6, 96-8 Oligo-Miocene ramp 163 nodular marl 214-16 facies 165-7 North Brazil Current 56, 57 facing effects 173-6 North Portugal Shelf 94 productivity 167-9 Northeast Orkney Shelf 94 profiles 172-3 Nowakia 420, 422, 425 sediment supply 169-72 Nummulites 183, 185,186, 188, 191,192, 195 Mesophyllum 60 Nummulitic Limestone 206 Mesorbitolina 232, 262, 263 depositional model 222-3 Meubles Montagnardes 208 facies analysis 217-21 Mexico, Yucatan ramp 66 palaeoecology 207-9 microbial mats, UAE 38 stratigraphic evolution 223.4 Microcodium 214 miliolite 18-20, 51 offshore facies association 288-92 Millepora 60 Oligo-Miocene ramps 163 Miocene see Oligo-Miocene facies 165-7 modelling of depositional environments facing effects 173-6 cyclostratigraphy 241-3 productivity 167-9 method 110-13 profiles 172-3 problems 108-10 sediment supply 169-72 results 113-27 ooids results discussed 128-30 Iberian Peninsula Jurassic i47 foreland basins 222-3 Sinai Cretaceous ramp 259, 276-7 regional studies oolite sand bodies 31,281,295-9 Ahnet Basin 410 oolite shoals 321-2 Glenwood Formation 450--4 Operculina 183, 188, 191,192, 218, 223 Iberian Basin 148-55 Orbitolina 232, 263 Illinois Basin 385-7 ramps Sierra del Cadi Basin 183 lithofacies analysis 439--45 Sinai 272.6 model of ramp facies 450-4 Modiolus modiolus 84, 85, 86, 89, 91 palaeogeography 438 Modiolus triquetrus 346 sequence stratigraphy 445-50 Moerella donacina 85 Orkney Shelf 73, 94 Morocco carbonate mounds ostracods 262, 263,288.344 Aferdou el Mrakib 418-20 Otway Shelf 94 facies analysis 425-9 oxygen isotope curve 47 Guelb el Maharch 420--2 oxygenation and ramp development 360 Jebel el Offal 422-5 history of research 417-18 Paccaly 209 mound drowning 431 Pachystriatopora 422, 425 mound growth rate 431 packstone mound stability and shape 429-30 Aggtelek-Rudab~inya Mts ramp 321,323 Mouydir Basin 398 Ahnet Basin 399, 401 biostromes 407-8 Carpathian Basin 348, 351-2 mud build-ups 401-7 Egalezaburu Cretaceous ramp 238,239, 240, 241 palaeogeography 408-10 Glenwood Formation 442,445 stratigraphy 399-401 Maciqo Calc~irio ramp 288, 292, 300 mud atolls 402 Mediterranean Miocene 166 mud mound Sierra del Cadi Basin 185 defined 369, 417 Sinai Cretaceous ramp 259, 261 facies analysis palaeocurrents 292 Guelb el Maharch 420-2 palaeoecology 207-9 Jebel el Offal 422-5 palaeogeography Port Payne Formation 378-9 Cretaceous 255, 267 Ullin Formation 383 Triassic 340 mud ridges 402 Devonian 408-10 see Carpathian Basin Ordovician 438 Mussafah 26, 28, 30, 32 Palaeoplesiastraea 168 Myophoria 343 Palaeotherium 214, 215 Palorbitolina heddini 262 Naticella 346 Paraceratites binodosus 354 Neptunian dykes 405,422 parasequences New Albany Shale Group 370, 371 greenhouse 113-14 New South Wales Shelf 94 icehouse 122-6 INDEX 463

transitional climate 115-21 erosional features 48 Pecten spp. 344, 346 sedimentation 48-50 Pedraforca Thrust Sheet 181 United Arab Emirates (UAE) coast 15-16 Pedragosa Formation 186, 195-8 climate 17 peloidal limestone 217 geomorphology 17 peloids 147 glacial influence 17 Pennatula phosphorea 88 marine currents 17-18 Perissocytheridea sahni 263 microbial mats 38 peritidal facies 165,343-4, 348 sea-level changes 35-7 Persian Gulf see Arabian Gulf sedimentology 18-20 Peyresq 211 seismic survey 34-5 Phascolion loscombi 88 tectonic setting 16-17 Phillipsastrea 407, 420 wind effects 33-4 Phlyoctcythere citreum 263 phosphatic shale 441-2 reef mound 417,418-20 Photozoan Association 11, 93 reefs, Brazil 58, 60 Physocythere nobilis 262 Rehacythereis btaterensis 262 Placostegus tridentata 88, 91 Remesia 422, 425 Plagiostoma lineatum 353,354 reservoir properties 390 Planatrypa 420 Rhizocorallium 350 planktonic marl facies 166 Rio Grande do Norte shelf 55 Planolites 428 Rizan Aneiza 257 Plasmophyllum 407 Rockall Bank 73 Plattenville Formation R6kahegy dolomite 348 lithofacies analysis 439-45 Rothpletzella 420, 425,428 model of ramp facies 450-4 Rottnest Shelf 94 palaeogeography 438 rudstone sequence stratigraphy 445-50 Egalezaburu ramp 238, 239 Platyaxum 420 Maciqo Calc~irio ramp 288, 289, 291,292, 300 Pleistocene see Pleuromya 360 sabkha 37 Polinices montagui 84, 87, 90, 91 Sagnari Formation 183, 185,186, 188, 192, 193 Pomatoceras 84, 91, 92 St Benoit 212 Pont au Miolans 213 St Peter Sandstone 438 Pont Noir 212 salina 37 Porcupine Bank 73 salinity and ramp development 360 Porites 168 sand bodies 281,295-9 Portugal, Jurassic ramp 281-4 sand ribbons 58, 60, 61 barrier evolution 306-10 sandwave facies 380-5 carbonate production 310-11 Scaffarels 212 facies associations scaphopods 85, 86 backshore 300-1 Schizophoria 420 foreshore 299-300 Scotland, ramp sites 73 lagoona1302-3 Scott Shelf 94 offshore 288-92 sea-level change 199 shoreface 292-9 Holocene 35-7 tidal inlet-delta 301-2 Cretaceous 253-4 hydrodynamics 303-4 Triassic 335,361-2 palaeogeography 285 Devonian 431 sand body geometry 304-6 sea-level cycles 108 sequence stratigraphy 310 greenhouse 113 Portugal Shelf, North 94 icehouse 122 Praealveolina cretacea 263 transitional climate 115 Prairie du Chien Group 438 sedimentation rates 149, 154 Procytherina cuneata 263 benthic v. pelagic 156-8 progradation processes 35-7 seif dunes 18,19 Pseudedomia drorimensis 263 Semibalanus balanoides 86 Punctospirella fragilis 352, 354, 360 sequence stratigraphy Pyrenees see Sierra del Cadf Egalezaburu Cretaceous ramp 243-6 Illinois Carboniferous Basin 387-8 Quaternary ramps Maciqo Calc~irio Jurassic ramp 310 Arabian Gulf carbonates 8, 12, 45-6 Wisconsin Ordovician ramp 445-50 effect of sea level 47 Sinai Cretaceous ramp 270-2 effect of tectonics 47-8 Serpula vermicularis 88 464 INDEX shell pavement 352 icehouse climate 122-7 shell gravel facies 84-5 transitional climate 115-22 Shetland see West Shetland Shelf results discussed 128-30 shoreface facies association 292-9 Striatopora 407 Sicily 174, 175, 176 stromatactis 405,429 Siderastrea 60 substrate effects on fauna 360 Sierra del Cadf 181-3 Szin Marl Formation 316, 320-4, 327-9 facies model 183 Szinpetri Limestone Formation 316, 324-5,330 platform evolution 198-200 sequence sedimentology 183-98 Taouzia 425 siliciclastic aeolianites 18 Tapes rhomboides 84 siliciclastic influxes 62-6, 126-7 Tarbellastraea 168 Sinai Cretaceous ramp 254-6 tectonic effects on ramps 172, 200 depositional model 272-6 temperate carbonates 11 facies analysis 264-70 biological characters 96 sequence stratigraphy 270-2 classification 90-2 stratigraphy 256-64 occurrences 92-3 Skolithos 439 localities compared 96-8 slope responses physical characters 93-6 greenhouse 113 role in rock record 98-100 icehouse 122 temperature and ramp development 360 Smackover Formation 7-8 Terebramlina retusa 89, 91 Snares Platform 94 Tertiary see Eocene; Oligo-Miocene Solariella amabilis 91 Teruel Kimmeridgian ramp Solenomeris 191 computer model 152,153 Sorosphaera 422, 425 facies analysis 146-8 Spain stratigraphy 141,143 Egalezaburu Cretaceous ramp 230-3 Tete de la Sallaz 208 controls on development 247-9 Tethys 315 cyclicity 241-3 Terebratulina retusa 88 facies Tetractinella trigonella 354, 360 inner ramp 233-7 Tetragonites timotheanus 262 mid ramp 237-41 Thalassinoides 144.223. 350. 439 outer ramp 241 Thamnophyllum 420 sea-level change 243-6 Thamnopora 407,420 sequence stratigraphy 243 Th6ncs syncline 2(18, 209 timescale 246-7 Three Kings Plateau 94 Jurassic ramp 138-40 tidal flat development 128, 318-20 Teruel section tidal inlet-delta facies association 301-2 computer modelling 152, 153 Timoclea ovata 91 facies analysis 140-5 trace fossils 360 Zaragoza section Chondrites 140, 144, 378.385 computer modelling 150, 151 Rhizocorallium 350 facies analysis 146-8 Thalassinoides 144, 223, 350, 439 Sierra del Cadf 181-3 Zoophycos 378, 385 facies model 183 transgression, Holocene 100 platform evolution 198-200 transitional climate ramp response 115-22 sequence sedimentology 183-98 transitional systems tract Spisula elliptica 84, 85, 86, 91 Egalezaburu Cretaceous 245 spits 21 Sierra dcl Cadi Eocene 198 spicules 288 Iberian Peninsula Jurassic 149, 155-6, 159 Springville Shale Formation 370. 371 Sinai Cretaceous 274-5 Steinalm Formation 318 transported facies 379 storms and ramp development 323-3 Tremp Formation 185 storm beaches 23 Triassic storm facies 344, 348, 351,360-1 ramps see Hungary storm laminae 303 tectonics of Lusitanian Basin 282 storm sheets 320, 322-3,324 Trigonodus 356 storm surging 170 trilobites 429 stratigraphy, modelling of cyclic tropical environment carbonates 11 method 1110-13 Troschelia berniciensis 91 problems 108-10 results Ullin Formation 373 greenhouse climate 113-15 biostratigraphy 376-7 INDEX 465

bryozoan-crinoidal build-ups 389-90 nutrient status 81-2 comparison with Waulsortian mounds 388-9 sediment studies depositional environment 386-7 bioclastic gravel 86 economic properties 390-1 bioclastic mud gravel 88-9 facies analysis 379-85 bioclastic sand 85 history of research 373-6 bryozoan sand 87 sequence stratigraphy 387-8 conglomerate 83 Umm Shaif 49 Ditrupa sand 88 United Arab Emirates see Arabian Gulf coast facies analysis 82-3 USA see Illinois Basin also Wisconsin faunal analysis 77 foraminiferal mud 87-8 Vallfogona Formation 186 pebble sand 86 Valverde structure 300 sampling regime 74-5 Vancouver, Scott Shelf 94 shell gravel 84-5 Veeniacythereis maghrebensis 263 textural analysis 76, 78 Veruca stroemia 86 significance of deposits 98-101 Virgularia mirabilis 88 Formation 318 Wisconsin Ordovician ramps wackestone lithofacies analysis 439-45 Aggtelek-Rudabfinya Mts ramp 321,323 model of ramp facies 450-4 Ahnet Basin 399, 401 palaeogeography 438 Glenwood Formation 442, 444 sequence stratigraphy 445-50 Maci~o Calcfirio ramp 288 wind processes 33-4 Mader Basin 428 windward effects 173-4 Mediterranean Miocene 166 winged spits 24, 27 Sierra del Cadf basin 185 Wisconsin see Glenwood Formation also Plattenville Sinai Cretaceous ramp 259, 261 Formation Wanganui Shelf 94 washover channel 300 Yucatan ramp 66 Waulsortian mounds 388-9 wave base, effects of 99-100 Zagros orogeny 16 West Scottish Shelf 94 Zaragoza Kimmeridgian ramp West Shetland Shelf 75, 79 computer model 150, 151 bathymetry 79 facies analysis 140, 144-5 environment comparisons 92-3, 96-8 stratigraphy 141,142 biological character 96 Zemmourella 422 physical character 93-6 zonation of ramps 58-61 glacial history 79 Zoophycos 378, 385,428 hydrography 79