THE POWER OF OUR IDEAS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA l\1EMOIR 430
SUBSURFACE GEOLOGY OF PRE-MESOZOIC STRATA, GREAT BEAR RIVER MAP AREA, DISTRICT OF MACKENZIE
D.C. Pugh
1993 'f' Minister of Supply and Services Canada 1993
Avai lable in Canada through authorized bookstore agcnts and other bookstores or by mail from Canada Communication Group - Publishing Ottawa. Canada KI A OS9 and from Geological Survey of Canada otTiccs: 60 I Booth Street Ottawa. Canada KI A OE8 3303-33rd Street N.W .. Calgary. Alberta T2L :lA7 A deposit copy of this publication is also Cat. No. M46-430E ISBN 0-660-14271\-3 Price suhject to change without notice Critical readers J.D. Ailken D./I", Morro\!' D.G. Cook 8.S XOIford N.J. :\lcillillan Scientific editor l\',C OllerenshalV Editor Jo MacGillivray Typesetting and layout Institute o/SedimelJ/Gly and Petroleum Geology Cartography unit Instilute o/Sedimentary and Petroleum Geology Author's address ]()7. 92./ - 7th Ave. SW Calgary. Alberta T2P IA./ Original manuscript received: 85-(}6- 1./ Final version approved/or publication: 87-()8-U PREFACE Over the last forty years much has been published on the sedimentary geology of Great Bear River area. The discoveries of oil in the Devonian reef at Norman Wells and in Cambrian sands at Tedji Lake have attested to the area's hydrocarbon potential. Surface mapping and local studies have revealed rock sequences and crustal structures of great potential value to our understanding of global geology. The aim of this report is to assist evaluation of the economic potential and to improve the interpretation of the geological history. The format follows that of the earlier report (Memoir 401) on the adjacent Peel River area. Based on subsurface data, the stratigraphy and structure of the area are analyzed in detail and are illustrated on a series of maps and cross-sections, and nomenclature is reviewed and integrated regionally with that of adjacent areas. Elkanah A. Babcock Assistant Deputy Minister Geological Survey of Canada PREFACE Au cours des quarante dernieres annees, la geologie sedimentaire de la zone de Great Bear River a fait l'objet de nombreuses publications. Les decouvertes de petrole faites dans le recif devonien a Norman Wells et dans les sables cambriens a Tedji Lake ont confirme le potentiel en hydrocarbures de cette zone. Des sequences rocheuses et des structures crustales d'une grande valeur pour la comprehension de la geologie globale ont ete revelees par des travaux de cartographie des formations en surface et des etudes geologiques locales. Le present rapport a pour objectif de faciliter l'evaluation du potentiel economique de cette zone et d'en ameliorer l'interpretation de l'histoire geologique. La presentation suit celle d'un rapport anterieur (memoire 401) portant sur la zone adjacente de Peel River. A partir de donnees souterraines, la stratigraphie et la structure de la zone sont analysees en detail, et illustrees sur une serie de cartes et de coupes, et la nomenclature est presentee et integree a celle des zones adjacentes de la region. Elkanah A. Babcock Sous-minitre adjoint Commission geologique du Canada CONTENTS I Abstract/Resume 2 Summary/Sommaire 4 Introduction 4 Study area 4 Previous work 4 Present st udy 4 AckIlowledgments 4 Borehole reference system 4 Mel rie conversion 5 Stratigraphy 5 Gelleral 5 Nomenclature 5 Preeambrian stratigraphy 5 Proterozoic 5 Unit I (Cap Mountain) 5 Shale unit ID Dolomite unit I1 Lower Paleozoic stratigraphy I1 Mount Clark Formation 12 Mount Cap formation 13 Member a 13 Member b 13 Member c J3 Member d 14 Member c 14 Member f 14 Member g 14 ~kmbIT h 14 Type area 14 Shale facies 15 Mahony Arch 15 Contacts 16 Saline River Formation 16 Lower clastic member 16 Sali member 17 Upper clast ic member 17 Ronning Group 17 Franklin Mountain Formation 18 Cyclic member 19 Rhythmic member 19 Cherty mem ber 20 Upper dolomite member 20 Type lithology 21 Mount Kindle Formation 21 Basal member 21 Lower dark member 21 Upper pale member 22 Undivided 22 Peel Formation 23 Middle Paleozoic stratigraphy 23 Delorme Group 24 Tsetso Formation 25 Tatsieta Formation 25 Arnica plat form 26 Fort Norman I'ormation 26 Arnica and Landry formations 28 Hume Formation 28 Headless Member 29 Middle member 29 Upper member 29 Undivided Hume Formation 29 Horn River Group 29 Hare Indian Formation 30 Bluefish Member 30 Grey shale member 31 Black shale member 31 Ramparts Formation 32 Canol Formation 32 Revision 33 Imperial Formation 33 Canyon Creek sandstone lentil 34 Jnngle Ridge hmestone member 34 Structural geology 34 Fon Norman structure 34 Mackenzie Arch 34 Bulmer Lake Arch 34 Mahonv Arch 34 Keelc Trough 34 Good Hope Basin 34 vlackenlie Plat form 34 Keele Arch 35 Great Bear Basin 35 Anderson Basin 35 Historical Geology 35 Earliest record 35 Cambrian-hypersaline basin 36 Late Cambrian to Late Ordovician 36 Late Ordovician to Late Silurian 36 Late Silurian to Early Devonian 36 Early 10 Middle Devonian 36 Givetian interlude 36 Late Devonian 37 Economic geolog, 37 Hydrocarbon potential 37 Cambrian clastics 37 Cambrian to Devonian carbonates 37 Mineral deposits 37 References 41 Appendix I Paleontologv 49 Appendix 2 Logs of \\'ells A-12 to P-78 121 Appendix 3 I ist of \\'ells "ith geological data 137 Appendix 4 Revision of Peel River area geological data Illustrations Figures (in pockets ri, 3-7], 18-131, 114-18/. 119, 201, 121. 221, 123. 241. [251. 1261. 1271, 1281. 1291> I. Location and index map 2. Diagrammatic, generalized time-litllOstratigraphic cross-sections in the Great Bear River area 3. Scenario of the Proterozoic subcrop and overlying Mount Clark Formation 4. Isopach and lithofacics map of Mount Cap Formation 5. Isopach, lithofacie' and Structure ContOur map of Saline River Formation 6. Isopach and struClUre contour map or Ronning Group 7. Isopach and lithofacics map of Frankhl1 ~'Iountain Formation 8. Isopach and lithofacies map of Mount Kindle and Peel formations 9. Isopach and structure contour map of the Devonian succession Delormc Group to Horn River Group 10. Isopach and lithofacies map of the Delorme Group, the Tsetso and Tatsieta formatiC'ns. and possible equivalents 11. Isopach and lithofacies map of Fon Norman Formation 12. Isopaeh and lithofacies map of Arnica and Landry formations 13. Isopach and lithofacies map of the Hume Formation 14. Isopach and lithofacies map of the Horn River Group and Ramparts Formation 15. Isopach and lithofacies map of the Bluefish \1ember 16. Isopach and lithofacies map of the Canol Formation 17. Isopacn and structure contour map of the Imperial Formation J8. Subcrop-outcrop map of pre-Mesozoic rocks 19. Pre-Ronning Group stratigraphic cross-section D-02 to G-22 20. Pre-Ronning Group stratigraphic cross-section H-34 to E-II 21. Ronning Group stratigraphic cross-section G-02 to G-60 22. Ronning Group srratigraphic cross-section N-39 to G-60 23. Ronning Group srratigraphic cro>s-section 1-01 to f-62 24. Devonian stratigraphic cross-section G-02 to G-52 25. Devonian stratigraphic cross-section K-29 to F-62 26. Devonian srratigraphic cross-section F-57m to K-7! 2-. Devonian srraligraphic cross-section J-65 to G_cO 28. Devonian srratigraphic cross-section I-70d 10 G-52 29. Upper Devonian stratigraphic cross-section G-12 to A-12 Table 6 I. Table of formations SUBSURFACE GEOLOGY OF PRE-MESOZOIC STRATA, GREAT BEAR RIVER MAP AREA, DISTRICT OF MACKENZIE Abstract The geological sequence in the subsurface of Great Bear River map area begins with the Proterozoic Hornby Bay Group on the east, separated by the Fort Norman structure from the Mackenzie Mountains Supergroup on the west. Overlying these unconformably are the Cambrian rocks of Good Hope Basin and Keele Trough, which straddle Mahony Arch and include three formations: the Mount Clark; the Mount Cap (Members a to h); and the Saline River (Lower clastic, Salt, and Upper clastic members). The Upper clastic strata grade into the lower Paleozoic carbonates of the Ronning Group, comprising three formations: the Franklin Mountain (Cyclic, Rhythmic, Cherty and Upper dolomite members); the Mount Kindle (Basal, Lower dark and Upper pale members); and the Peel (undivided). Pre-Devonian erosion exposed Cambrian rocks over Keele Arch. Above this regional unconformity lie, in the south, the Delorme Group comprising the Tsetso and Camsell formations, overlain by the Fort Norman Formation, which was deposited penecontemporaneously with the Tatsieta Formation to the northwest. Overlying these are the laterally equivalent Arnica (dolomite) and Landry (limestone) formations, superseded in turn by the Middle Devonian Hume Formation (Headless Member, Middle and Upper members) and the Givetian Horn River Group consisting of the Hare Indian Formation (Bluefish Member, Grey shale and Black shale members), the Ramparts Formation (Siltstone lentil, Platform and Reef members), and the Canol Formation (Allochthonous limestone). The Upper Devonian Imperial Formation, including the youngest rock unit below the sub-Mesozoic unconformity, contains the localized Canyon Creek sandstone and Jungle Creek limestone member. The economic prospects of the Great Bear River map area include widespread hydrocarbon potential and the possibility of zinc, lead, and uranium oxide deposits. La sequence geologique souterraine de la region cartographique de Great Bear Ri ver commence avec le groupe proterozoique de Hornby Bay a l'est, separe par la structure de Fort Norman du supergroupe de Mackenzie Mountains a l'ouest. Au-dessus reposent en discordance les roches cambriennes du bassin de Good Hope et la depression de Keele qui chevauche l'arche de Mahony et qui comprend trois formations: Mount Clark; Mount Cap (membres de a a h); et Saline River (membres inferieur clastique, salifere et superieur clastique). Les couches du membre superieur clastique se transforment en roches carbonatees du Paleozoique inferieur du groupe de Ronning, comprenant trois formations: Franklin Mountain (membres cyclique, rythmique, cherteux et superieur adolomie); Mount Kindle (membre basal, inferieur fonce et superieur pale); et Peel (non divise). L'erosion pre-devonienne a mis a jour les roches cambriennes au-dessus de l'arche Keele. Au-dessus de cette discordance regionale repose au sud le groupe de Delorme comprenant les formations de Tsetso et Camsell sous-jacentes a la formation de Fort Norman qui a ete mise en place en meme temps que la formation de Tatsieta au nord-ouest. Reposent sur ces formations, les formations lateralement equivalentes d'Arnica (doJomie) et de Landry (calcaire), remplacees a leur tour par la formation de Hume du Devonien moyen (membre de Headless, membres intermediaire et superieur) et le groupe givetien de Horn River compose de la formation de Hare Indian (membre de Bluefish, membres aschiste argileux gris et aschiste argileux noir), la formation de Ramparts (membres a lentille de pelite, de plate-forme et de recif) et la formation de Canol (calcaire allochtone). La formation d'Imperial du Devonien superieur, comprenant l'unite rocheuses la plus recente au-dessous de la discordance submesozoique, contient le gres localise de Canyon Creek et le membre calcaire de Jungle Creek. La region cartographique de Great Bear River presente d'immenses possibilities de gisements d'hydrocarbures et de gisements probables de zinc, de plomb et d'oxyde d'uranium. SUmmary The oldest rocks drilled so far in the Great Bear River map area occur on the eastern side, are of Proterozoic age, and correlate with the Hornby Bay Group, which outcrops in the Coppermine area to the northeast. Juxtaposed with these rocks in the subsurface to the west, across the Precambrian Fort Norman structure are younger Proterozoic carbonate and clastic rocks belonging to the Mackenzie Mountains Supergroup. Basal Cambrian quartzose sands of the Mount Clark Formation were deposited in Good Hope Sub basin in paleodepressions in the Precambrian erosion surface. Mackenzie Arch provided a barrier to open marine circulation. Northeast of this arch Keele Trough was separated from Good Hope Sub-basin by a partial barrier, the Mahony Arch. The Mount Cap Formation was deposited as a series of alternating glauconitic shales and carbonates in the Good Hope Sub-basin (Members a to h) and as a thick shale facies in the Keele Trough. Increasingly hypersaline conditions followed, which gave rise to the Upper Cambrian Salt member of the Saline River Formation sandwiched between the Lower and Upper clastic members. Lower PaIeozoic carbonates developed over the entire Mackenzie Platform area. They constitute the Ronning Group, which is composed of three formations: the Upper Cambrian to Lower Ordovician Franklin Mountain Formation, comprising Cyclic, Rhythmic, Cherty and Upper dolomite members; the Upper Ordovician to Silurian Mount Kindle Formation, undivided except east of Keele Arch where, in Great Bear Basin, it is subdivided into Basal dark and Upper pale members; and the Upper Silurian to Lower Devonian Peel Formation in the northwest. Pre-Devonian erosion is demonstrated by a regional unconformity at the top of Ronning Group rocks. Erosion over Keele Arch exposed Upper Cambrian sandy dolomites and possibly also Middle Cambrian shales. Deposition of the Delorme Group took place during the subsequent marine transgression in the south, and consisted of silty carbonates and c1astics (Tsetso Formation) and thick sequences of silty evaporites (Camsell Formation). To the northwest, Lower Devonian shallow marine limestone and shale (Tatsieta Formation) were deposited on the Peel Formation, penecontemporaneously with the precipitation of anhydrite (Fort Norman Formation) in the south. Subsequently, the whole of the Mackenzie Platform supported the development of brown sucrosic dolomite (Arnica Formation) and its laterally equivalent brown pelletal limestone (Landry Formation). These were superseded by a regionally uniform series of argillaceous bioclastic limestones and shales of the Middle Devonian Hume Formation, consisting of the Headless Member and Middle and Upper members. Keele Arch remained a positive, possibly submarine feature supplying some fine clastic material to the surrounding sediments. The Givetian interlude on the northwestern shelf area of continental North America is represented by the Horn River Group, consisting of: the Hare Indian (Bluefish Member, Grey shale and Black shale members); Ramparts (Siltsone lentil, Platform and Reef members); and Canol (with basal Allochthonous limestone locally on reef flanks) formations. Late Devonian time on the shelf area featured Imperial Formation c1astics, very fine grained at first, and becoming increasingly more silty and sandy. Canyon Creek sandstone lentil is one localized sand deposit, and Jungle Ridge limestone member is a thin but more extensive unit, which possibly outcrops southward as bioclastic and reefy limestone in Dahadinni River area. The Imperial Formation is the youngest rock unit below the sub-Mesozoic unconformity. The economic prospects of the Great Bear River area include widespread hydrocarbon potential and the possibility of zinc, lead, and uranium oxide deposits. 2 Sommaire Les roches les plus anciennes forees a ce jour dans le region cartographique de Great Bear River se trouvent du cote est, sont d'age proterozoique et correspondent au groupe de Hornby Bay qui affleure dans la zone de Coppermine au nord-est. Juxtaposees aces roches, sous la surface vers l'ouest, a travers la structure precambrienne de Fort Norman, se trouvent des roches carbonatees et clastiques proterozoiques plus recentes faisant partie du supergroupe de Mackenzie Mountains. Des sables quartzeux d'age cambrien provenant de la base de la formation de Mount Clark se sont deposes dans le sous-bassin de Good Hope dans des paleodepressions de la surface d'erosion precambrienne. L'arche de Mackenzie a obstrue la libre circulation des eaux marine. Au nord-est de cette arche, la depression de Keele etait separee du sous-bassin de Good Hope par une barriere partielle, l'arche de Mahony. La formation de Mount Cap a ete mise en place en une serie de couches alternates de schistes argileux et de roches carbonatees glauconitiques dans le sous-bassin de Good Hope (membres a a h) et en un epais facies de schistes argileux dans la depression de Keele. Des conditions de plus en plus sursalees ont suivi, donnant naissance au membre salifere du Cambrien superieur de la formation de Saline River coince entre les membres clastiques inferieur et superieur. Des roches carbonatees du Paleozoi"que inferieur se sont formees sur toute la zone de la plate-forme du Mackenzie. Elles constituent le groupe de Ronning qui se compose de trois formations: la formation de Franklin Mountain du Cambrien superieur a l'Ordovicien inferieur, comprenant des membres cyclique, rythmique, cherteux et superieur a dolomie; la formation de Mount Kindle de l'Ordovicien superieur au Silurien, non divisee sauf a l'est de l'arche de Keele oll, dans le bassin de Great Bear, elle se subdivise en deux membres, basal fonce et superieur pale; et la formation de Peel du Silurien superieur au Devonien inferieur dans le nord-ouest. L'erosion predevonienne est mise en evidence par une discordance regionale au sommet des roches du groupe de Ronning. L'erosion au-dessus de l'arche de Keele a mis au jour des dolomies sableuses du Cambrien superieur et peut-etre egalement des schistes argileux du Cambrien moyen. La sedimentation du groupe de Delorme a eu lieu pendant la transgression marine sUbsequente dans le sud; il se compose de roches carbonatees et de roches clastiques silteuses (formation de Tsetso) et d'epaisses sequence d'evaporites silteuses (formation de Camsell). Au nord-ouest, les calcaires et les schistes argileux marins peu profonds mis en place en milieu Devonien inferieur (formation de Tatsieta) se sont deposes sur la formation de Peel, en meme temps que la precipitation d'anhydrites (formation de Fort Norman) dans le sud. Par la suite, une dolomie saccharoi"de brune (formation d'Arnica) et son calcaire graveleux brun lateralement equivalent {formation de Landry) se sont formes sur toute la plate-forme du Mackenzie. Ces derniers ont ete remplaces par une serie rel?ionalement uniforme de calcaires et de schistes argileux biocaltiques de la formation de Hume du Devonien moyen, composee du membre de Headless et des membres intermediaire et superieur. L'arche de Keele est demeuree un element de soulevement d'origine probablement sous-marine fournissant une certaine quantite de materiaux clastiques fins aux sediments environnants. L'interlude givetien sur la plate-forme nord-ouest de l'Amerique de Nord continentale est repesente par le groupe de Horn River compose des formations suivantes: Hare Indian (membre de Bluefish, membres a schiste argileux gris et a schiste argileux noir); Ramparts (membres a lentille de pelite, de plate-forme et de recif); et Canol (comportant du calcaire allochtone basal par endorits sur les flancs de recifs). Au cours de Devonien superieur, les roches clastiques de la formation d'Imperial ont ete mise en place sur la plate-forme, leur granulometrie tres fine du debut devenant graduellement plus silteuses et sableuse. La lentille de gres de Canyon Creek est un depot de sable localise et le membre calcaire de Jungle Ridge est une unite mince mais etendue qui affleure probablement vers le sud en calcaire bioclastique et recifal dans la zone de la riviere Dahadinni. L9- formation d'Imperial est l'unite rocheuses la plus recente situee au-dessous de la discordance sub-mesozoique. La zone de Great Bear River presente d'immenses possibilites de gisements d'hydrocarbures et de gisments probables de zinc, de plomb et d'oxyde d'uranium. 3 INTRODUCTION Precambrian Shield, north to the Arctic Ocean, and south to correlate with stratigraphic names from south of Great Bear Study area Plain. The present report, therefore, is a companion volume to the previous report, and the same format of presentation Great Bear River map area is bounded by the 64th and is used throughout. Knowledge of the earlier report is 68th parallels north latitude and by the 1l2th and 128th recommended for full appreciation of the present material. meridians west longitude. The area includes much of the northern interior plains as well as, in the south, the Franklin Data used for this study were recorded from wells Mountains, part of the Mackenzie Mountains, and, between drilled for oil and gas. All boreholes that were drilled within them, the intermontane Mackenzie Plain. The eastern the study area (excluding Norman Wells field) and released boundary of the study area is the mapped contact between from confidential status, as reported in the Schedule of Wells Paleozoic rocks and the underlying rocks of the Precambrian by Canada Department of Northern Affairs and National Shield east of approximately the 119th meridian. The study, Resources, were considered. Between 1980 and 1982 a however, has been taken beyond the remaining three regional correlation network was established, based on radio boundaries of Great Bear River map area to the 63rd parallel, activity well logs (or electric logs in the case of older wells) in order to provide optimum integration by overlap with and examination of all available drill cuttings. All 79 wells concurrent stratigraphic studies to the south; to the 130th are listed in Appendix 3 along with basic geological data. meridian, for smooth continuity with recently published subsurface maps of the Peel River map area to the west (Pugh, 1983); and, for the sake of completeness, north to the Acknowledgments coastline of the Arctic Ocean. Subsurface geology of the study area is illustrated on seventeen isopach, lithofacies, subcrop and superimposed structure contour maps, eleven For valuable sharing of information and ideas the writer stratigraphic cross-sections, and one time-lithostratigraphic is most grateful to colleagues J.D. Aitken (Proterozoic cross-section. stratigraphy and structures), D.G. Cook (outcrop information and structural geology), J. Dixon (Cambrian stratigraphy), N.C. Meijer Drees (Devonian stratigraphy), D. Morrow Previous work (Silurian-Devonian nomenclature) and G.K. Williams (Devonian stratigraphic problems). The list of previous geological studies presented in the 1 Peel River report (Pugh, 1983) essentially applies to the T.T. Uyeno examined samples from E-30 , N-62, and Great Bear River map area. McConnell (J 889) was the 0-13 for Ordovician conodonts. These results, together with pioneer in this area, and it was not until after the discovery previously unpublished paleontoiogical results of W.H. Fritz, of oil in Norman Wells in 1920 that the results of more D.C. McGregor, A.E.H. Pedder, G.O. Raasch, A.R. Sweet, detailed geological investigations were published: Kindle and and LT. Uyeno, are contained in Appendix I. Valuable Bosworth (J 921); Williams (J 922, 1923) and Hume (1923). technical assistance by Elspeth G. Snow with the initial Some twenty years later the war-motivated boost to oil drafting is especially acknowledged. exploration in the Norman Wells area resulted in the unpublished reports of the Canol Project, and the published For their constructive comments and suggestions the work of Hume and Link (1945). Hume's timely, 1954, report, writer is indebted to critical readers, J.D. Aitken, D.G. Cook, which summarized thirty years of geological work in the N.J. McMilIan, D. Morrow, and B.S. Norford. lower Mackenzie River area, was the forerunner of many studies by industry geologists. Those pertinent to the present stratigraphic study were subsequently reviewed and BorehoIe reference system summarized by Tassonyi (J 969), whose report on the subsurface geology of the region included detailed discussions on the problems of stratigraphic nomenclature that had Boreholes have been assigned brief reference numbers arisen throughout the years. using their "unit-section" locations (Canada Department of Indian Affairs and National Resources, 1985), a simple and Most of the more recently published geological maps highly practical system for repeated reference to borehole and stratigraphic studies referred to in this work are the sections (see Pugh, 1983, p. 2). result of helicopter-supported fieldwork by the Geological Survey of Canada, namely, Operation Mackenzie (1957) and Figure I includes well locations with the unit/section Operation Norman (1968-69). During half a century of references. In Appendix 3 all wells are listed in alphabetical exploratory drilling, geological mapping and stratigraphic and numerical order of well reference (A-12, A-16, work, there was growing need for a broad, integrative, A-23, ...), and information includes well name and location regional study of geological history and economic potential. by latitude-longitude and by Yukon Territory and Northwest The work of Pugh (1983) aimed to satisfy that need for a Territories Land Survey System. study of pre-Mesozoic geology in the Peel River map area, from the Alaska international border to Mackenzie River. Twenty-six formal (including five new) and fifteen informal Metric conversion names were applied regionally to the pre-Mesozoic stratigraphy. All relevant subsea elevations and thicknesses are presented in both metric and Imperial units of measurement. Present study This dual "m (ft)" designation successfully bridges the conversion gap between metric units, in the text and on the The present work is a logical continuation of the Peel maps (Figs. 3-18), and borehole footages in Appendices I River map area study (Pugh, 1983), and the established set of and 2 and on the logs shown on stratigraphic cross-sections pre-Mesozoic nomenclature is carried east to the (Figs. 19-29). I Borehole reference number - see under following heading. 4 1 STRATIGRAPHY At borehole E-II , only 30 km from Cap Mountain, the 13.~ m of Precambrian rocks at the bottom of the borehole General consist of red, purple, brown and green shale, grading to In the present study area two major regional sandstone and argillaceous dolomite. These beds are overlain unconformities within the pre-Mesozoic succession are used by the Lower Cambrian Mount Clark Formation. In another to divide the stratigraphy into three intervals for separate borehole in the same general area, G-52, ~O km from E-ll, consideration: Precambrianj Cambrian-Silurianj and Silurian there are 107 m of strata below the Mount Clark Formationj Devonian. Precambrian strata underlie the entire study area these beds are purple and green and consist of a lower and the distribution of these units can only be accounted for sequence of dolomite, shale, siltstone and sandstone and an by the buried Fort Norman structure of Aitken and Pugh upper dolomite. The sections at E-ll and G-52 have both (198~). Cambrian to Silurian strata cover most of the area been equated with Unit I at Cap Mountain (Aitken and Pugh, and are related to at least two paleostructures, Keele Arch 198~). (Cook, 1975) and Mahony Arch (new name). Silurian and Devonian rocks, although relatively sparsely represented in Borehole G-22, more than 200 km north of G-52, the northern half of the study area, form a dozen major rock penetrated 22.3 m of red, purple and green shale, dolomite units in the south. Silurian and Devonian lithofacies include a and chert below the base of the Mount Clark Formation. wide variety of carbonates, evaporites and fine and coarse These beds, too, are assigned to Unit 1 at Cap Mountain on grained clastic rocks, with thicknesses ranging from zero on the basis of their close lithological resemblance to those at the Keele Arch to an aggregate of more than 5000 m below E-ll and G-52, and their total dissimilarity to strata in much the Mackenzie Plain. closer sections northwest of the Fort Norman structure (see Figure 3). An interesting section at D-61, located even closer to the Fort Norman structure as it is drawn on Nomenclature Figure 3, reveals Upper Cambrian beds (Saline River Formation) lying directly on 170.1 m (drilled section) of highly siliceous, pale grey-green "shale". Drill cuttings are Tassonyi's (1969) investigation of subsurface geology in "sparkly", giving the appearance of being from the lower Mackenzie River and Anderson River area, and his metamorphosed rock. The presence of altered Precambrian comprehensive discussions of stratigraphic nomenclature sediments at this location may confirm the close proximity of provided the firm basis upon which the regional stratigraphy the Fort Norman structure. west of the Mackenzie River was developed (Pugh, 1983). Of the twenty-six formal and fifteen informal names that make If the rocks at D-61 are, in fact, altered, from which up that nomenclatural system, eighteen of the formally strata were they derived? Cambrian aged strata seem highly named and eleven informally named units extend into the unlikely, especially as Lower and Middle Cambrian beds present study area. In addition, four formal rock units from (Mount Clark and Mount Cap formations) are indisputably the south are recognized in this report and twenty informal missing only 35 km away at I-7~ (see cross-section, names either originate within, or may be carried north into, Figure 20). If then, the altered rocks are of Precambrian this study area. Of the thirty-one informal members nine are origin, they certainly bear no resemblance to the Dolomite new members (this report). A total, therefore, of unit that is present at 1-7~, or indeed little similarity to any twenty-two formal and thirty-one informal names constitute of the Precambrian rocks northwest of the Fort Norman the pre-Mesozoic stratigraphic nomenclature for Great Bear structure. The D-61 "shale", therefore, appears to be related River map area. These fifty-three names are listed in the to the Precambrian southeast of the structure. There, the legend of Appendix 3 and are described briefly in the Table of three Precambrian subsurface sections (at G-52, E-ll, and Formations (Table O. The stratigraphic relationships within G-22), although predominantly red in colour, do include some the present nomenclatural system are illustrated green shale (as noted above). For this reason, and for lack of diagrammatically in Figure 2. compelling evidence to suggest correlation with any of the other three units at Cap Mountain, as they are described by Aitken et al. (1973), the D-61 "shale" is possibly related to Precambrian stratigraphy the strata at G-52 etc., and, therefore, also is tentatively assigned to Unit 1. Fifteen boreholes within the study area penetrate Unit I at Cap Mountain has been correlated (Aitken and Precambrian strata. Of these, eleven reached total depth in Pugh, 198~) with parts of Unit 9 of the Helikian Hornby Bay beds readily assignable to either the Shale unit or the Group (Kerans et al., 1981) outcropping east and north of Dolomite unit of Pugh (1983). Southeast of what has been Great Bear Lake. named the Fort Norman structure (Aitken and Pugh, 198~) the remaining four boreholes were completed in Precambrian rocks very different from those encountered anywhere Shale unit northwest of the structure. At all four locations these rocks are assigned to Unit 1 of the Cap Mountain section (Aitken The informal term, "Shale unit", was introduced by et al., 1973). Pugh (1983, p. 3) to refer to "siliceous fine clastic rocks underlying a dolomite-siltstone-shale sequence .•. represented by one incomplete borehole section (D-~O) in the Proterozoic (see Figures 3, 19, 20) northeastern corner of the map-area". This 198 m thick Unit 1 (Cap Mountain) section consists of two siliceous shale and siltstone units separated by a thin siliceous limestone. Exposed in outcrop at Cap Mountain in the southern Franklin Mountains, four Precambrian units were recognized Seven subsurface sections in the northwestern part of by Douglas and Norris (1963, 197~) and were described by the present study area contain rocks that are related to the Aitken et al. (1973). The oldest of these, consisting of purple Shale unit, according to evidence presented below. First, the mudstones with minor amounts of dolomite and sandstone, borehole at M-63, 158 km from D-~O, which was drilled to was called Unit 1. I Borehole section reference number (see Appendix 3) = E-1l-63-50-123-00; V.T. and N.W.T. Land Survey System. 5 TABLE 1 Table of Formations System Rock unit name, author and thickest borehole or section (in metres) Lithology stage Group Formation Member Shale and siltstone: dark grey; some very fine grained Imperial Formation, Hume sandstone. and Link (1945) and Bassett Jungle Ridge limestone member (Hume and link, 1945) Upper (1961),1072.0 at A_28 1 39.3 at I-07l: limestone, argillaceous and silty. Devonian Canyon Creek sandstone lentil (Stewart, 1945) 33.5 at G-78: sandstone, very fine grained. Shale: black, bituminous, pyritic; locally argillaceous Canol Formation, Bassett dolomite, limestone or siltstone at the top. (1961),92.0 at J-48 Allochthonous limestone (MacKenzie, (970) 21.9 at J-48: basal reef and echinoderm debris. -- ? -- Reef member (Tassonyi, 1969) 129.8 at H-40: reef and bioclastic limestones. Ramparts Formation, Kindle Platform member (Tassonyi, 1969) 41.1 at H-15: lime and Bosworth (1921), 170.7 stone, bioclastic, some fragmental, locally silty. Horn River Group atH-15 Siltstone lentil (Pugh, 1983) 29.0 at H-77: siltstone, Whi ttaker (1922) calcareous. 387.7 at A-16 Grey shale member (Pugh, 1983) 318.2 at A-12: shale, grey, dark grey, variably calcareous, micromicaceous. Hare Indian Formation, Black shale member (new name) 229.8 at G-51p: shale, Kindle and Bosworth (1921), black, variably calcareous, locally micromicaceous. 325.8 at A-12 Bluefish Member (Pugh, 1983) 63.4 at G-5Ip: shale, Middle black, bi tuminous, noncalcareous, with black argillaceous Devonian limestone and/or crystalline calcite at base. Upper member (Tassonyi, 1969) 88.4 at G-51p: lime stone, bioclastic, fossiliferous, locally argillaceous. Hume Formation, Bassett Middle member (Tassonyi, 1969) 123.4 at 1-54w: lime (1961),285.3 at G-51p stone and, in the upper half, interbedded calcareous shale. Headless Member (Headless Formation, Douglas and Norris, 1961) 80.5 at M-43: limestone and interbedded grey and black calcareous shale. Middle landry Formation, Douglas Limestone: buff, brown, aphanitic and pelletal. Devonian Arnica (including and Norris (1961) Arnica Platform) Dolomite: brown, buff, grey, micro- to fine-crystalline, and landry, 1581.9 Arnica Formation, Douglas in part sucrosic; locally at top includes Manetoe at 1-70d and Norris (196l) dolomite (Douglas and Norris, 1961), grey, fine to coarse crystalline. Fort Norman Formation, Anhydrite; some dolomite. Meijer Drees On press), 1443.2 (structurally thickened?) at M-43 lower Arnica Platform, Williams Dolomite: generally microcrystalline, dark grey to Devonian (1975),219.5 at 1-70d black, brown or bluff. lower Tatsieta Formation, Pugh Limestone: aphanitic; pale buff; shale: micropyritic, Devonian (1983), 17.7 at G-02 (only pale green; dolomite: microcrystalline, white. section) Camsell Formation Douglas Anhydrite; silty carbonate. Delorme Group and Norris (1961) Douglas and Norris (196 I), Morrow Tsetso Formation, Dolomite: microcrystalline to aphanitic; pale grey, pale (in press) >2066.5 Meijer Drees On >359.7 buff, varicoloured; anhydrite; shale: varicoloured; at 1-70d at 0-13 sandstone: very fine to coarse grained; siltstone. Upper Peel Formation, Pugh Dolomite: in part microsucrosic, some medium Silurian (1983), 355.7 at G-02 crystalline; pale grey and pale buff; some shale. lower Dolomite: micro- to medium-crystalline; brown, buff; Silurian locally some chert. or later OR 1 Borehole section reference number (see Appendix 3) = A-28-64-10-125-00, Y.I. and N. W.T. land Survey System. 6 System Rock unit name, author and thickest borehole or section (in metres) Lithology stage Group Formation Member Upper pale member (after Meijer Drees, 1975) 89.9 at G-52: dolomite, micro- to fine-crystalline; buff; trace Mount Kindle Formation, pale chert. William3 (1922), >361.2 Lower dark member (after Meijer Drees, 1975) 142.6 at at G-7J G-52: dolomite, dark brown-grey; micro- to very fine crystalline; some dark chert. Upper Basal member (Meijer Drees, 1975) 25.9 at G-60: Ordovician Ronning Group, dolomite, argillaceous; shale and siltstone: dark grey to Stewart (J 944), black. >1373.7 at G-02 Lower Dolomite; limestone; chert; sandstone; shale; red and Ordovician green colouring. or later OR Upper dolomite member (after MacKenzie, 1974b) 315.5 Franklin Moyntain Formation, at G-02: dolomite, fine to coarse crystalline, creamy Williams (1922),1053.7 at white to pale buff. E-15 Cherty member (Macqueen, 1970) 753.5 at E-15: dolomite, fine to coarse crystalline, with chert, silicified oolites and clear quartz. Rhythmic member (Macqueen, 1970) 373.1 at D-45: dolomite, very fine to medium crystalline, brown, grey. Cyclic member (Macqueen, 1970) 130.5 at L-66: Upper dolomite, argillaceous, brown, grey; interbedded shale Cambrian increasing downward. Upper clastic member (Meijer Drees, 1975) 119.8 at E-15: varicoloured shale; some dolomite, anhydrite, Saline River Formation, siltstone. Upper Williams (1923), 885.4 Salt member (Meijer Drees, 1975) 795.5 at N-28, or Cambrian (structurally thickened?) 313.6 at A-40: halite. at N-28, or 448.4 at A-40 Lower clastic member (Meijer Drees, 1975) 43.6 at K-44: shale; some dolomite, anhydrite; in the south, some siltstone, sandstone. Shale: grey to green and brown; in upper part, some dolomite, microcrystalline (shale facies). OR Member h (new name) 36.3 at M-48: shale, green, dark green, grey-brown; some dolomite, buff, brown, micro crystalline. Member g (new name) 26.3 at A-40: dolomite, micro- to medium-crystalline, buff to brown, oolitic; chert; some shale, dark green, black. Mount Cap Formation, Williams (J 922, 1923), Middle 298.4 at A-40 Cambrian Member f (new name) 36.6 at M-48: shale, green, dark OR green, black; some dolomite, glauconitic. Member e (new name) 18.9 at D-02: dolomite, brown, Shale facies >595.0 at L-04 glauconitic; limestone; siltstone; shale; locally chert. Member d (new name) 39.6 at 0-02: shale, green, dark green, dark grey, black; locally some dolomite; rare siltstone. Member c (new name) 17.4 at 0-45: dolomite, brown, micro- to medium-crystalline; some shale, green. Member b (new name) 82.3 at A-40: shale; siltstone: micaceous; dolomite; glauconite; locally sandstone. Member a (new name) 47.9 at 0-02: siltstone; sandstone; dolomite; shale: glauconitic. Mount Clark Formation, Sandstone: fine to very coarse grained, quartzose; rare Lower Williams (J 923), 64.3 siltstone and red shale. Cambrian at G-22 Mackenzie Mountains Dolomite unit, Pugh (1983) Dolomite: buff, pink with thin blood-red sneaks; locally Supergroup, Ai tken =Map-unit HI, Aitken et al. oolitic chert; in lower part some shale, varicoloured. (1981) (date) 112.2 at M-63 (only complete section) Proterozoic Shale unit, Pugh (J 983), Siltstone; shale; sandstone; orthoquartzitej locally >298.1 at E-15 conglomerate in lower part; upper part shale. Hornby Bay Group Unit I (Cap Mountain), Aitken Shale; dolomite; sandstone; siltstone: all varicoloured. et al. (J 973) 7 00 w E w E o :r: o u ARCTIC COAST 0:: o SOUTH OF 66' NORTH LATITUDE W 0.. 0.. W w > ~ ~,. ~~. ,_,_.v~'"' 1 IlllllJ+I"Ij:fH'M~W_Wi49J..!!:Il!!4d1!WJI1lL1WmIHl++1HUl'H+HIJ[14"0 ------RAMPARTS ~<: FORMATION et~~ -~;-'--.... 1 CC~ _<::halemember ~ z Bluefish Member « 1 ~~ ~alnITITln Z ~ttm rr.'n)?,~lii!!,n-ctynTBlueflsht"lember!TIn4r'-q,[l"1T1n mn !TIt,n !TIn'qmrrt- 1 '\ o HUME FORMA TlON \ >w \ o _ ..J:!lNDR!.... _ ~ _ FORMATiON >~ er ARNICA FORMA TION "'-, MOUNT 0:: 0 "\ :::>.~0 "\ &:J ~ KINDLE ______~C _ Upper pale ------member- - -=-_-=1------.,;. FORMATION ~ :-;. - - - MOUNT KINDLE er ~ <: a I o U et:: o 63°N 125' WEST LONGITUDE 68'N w 0.. 0.. W ?~ FRA~KLlN • UJ Rhythmic member :5 -'+ J- ______MOUNTAIN ------( C chc member ------FORMA TlON_ ______.:::. :-0 - _Upper clastic member Saltmembe(------~_- ______~- ,~....,.. Z -- --1------J!1weT':!1.siic me;;wer------sFoRMATlON « ~ -r.rem6e1h------et UJ '- i ---- 7iilemberg ------T ~ 8 MOUNT CAP ~====~e~bE~======---- <3 ~ FORMATION Shale facles ----- ~e~bE::'------MOUNT CAP Me:!!.bE'!.. ____ FORMATION Memberc ---- ______---- Me~berb ------>-?~. ~ ? m ------MOUNT CLARK FORMA TlON ------...r- w z « Z > er: o « I ",. . ~ z Argilllte unIt.' . « (Pugh.1983) l - ...... ':2 Dolomite unit ...... :J ~ w I ~w I MACKENZIE :Ill: Shale unit MOUNTAINS zg~~ ?. SUPERGROUP ~~ ~« 0(1) ':2 ... :J w I uni~~r;6yC~yM8~o~ltg;n GSC Pre-Cretaceous erosion surface _ Horn River black shales Correlation fines (Period, Epoch) Contacts (formation, member) Earlier erosion surface o Missing strala Facies change .....----z..-z-- Figure 2. Diagrammatic, generalized time-lithostratigraphic cross-sections in the Great Bear River Group. \D more than 200 m below the base of Lower Cambrian be near that location (see Figure 3). As it is drawn, that sandstone, exposed a section resembling the reference boundary also includes a Precambrian section at D-02 as a section for the Shale unit at D-40 (Pugh, 1983): 108.5 m of Shale unit subcrop. The D-02 section, also shown on the very dark brown-grey to black, hard shale at M-G3 are cross-section in Figure 19, is the sixth of the seven overlain by a brick-red dolomite unit with interbedded candidates with strata for placement in the Shale unit, and varicoloured shale decreasing in amount upward. Next, only immediately underlies Lower and Middle Cambrian Mount 22 km north of M-G3 is the nearest (E-15) of four more holes Cap beds, and consists of maroon, brown and green very silty bored into Precambrian beds (K-24, L-21, E-15, D-45, all shale; the shale section is incomplete at 51.2 m thickness. Its shown on the cross-section in Figure 19), exposing sequences assignment to the Shale unit is on the basis of correlation of alternating siltstone, sandstone and shale. These four with maroon, purple-brown and green shales interbedded with sections are close enough to one another and their strata are siltstone in the upper part of the Shale unit section at K-24. so similar that their intercorrelation cannot reasonably be doubted, even though there seems to be no obvious bed-to The present study, therefore, extends the regional bed correlation between them (see Figure 19). Maximum pattern northeastward from progressively older Proterozoic grain size is fine or very fine sand, with the exception of a rocks subcropping northeastward from the Mackenzie Arch 7 m thick conglomerate near the base of the thickest section over and beyond an anticlinal structure (referred to as Great (at K-24). The conglomerate is represented in drill cuttings Bear Arch in Aitken and Pugh [1984, Figure I, after Young, by sandstone chips and fragments of larger c1asts of chert 1981 n. Subcropping along the core of the anticline are the and quartz. lower(?) coarser beds of the Shale unit; the upper(?) finer c1astics of the Shale unit are found preserved on the flanks, The relationship between the sections at K-24, L-21, at the D-02 subcropping and at D-40, M-G3 and K-44, at E-15 and D-45 and the sections at D-40 and M-G3 is varying depths below the Dolomite unit. considered in the framework of the regional pattern of the Proterozoic subcrop. Progressively older formations have A seventh section of the Shale unit is thought to have been shown (Pugh, 1983) to subcrop northeastward from been drilled at M-48, located as it is at the core of the Mackenzie Arch, the oldest subcrop being the Dolomite unit. anticline. Drilling was completed 49.4 m below the Mount The actual oldest beds encountered underlying the Dolomite Clark sandstone. However, no obvious "new lithology" was unit at D-40 were referred to as the Shale unit, as noted found in the very poor samples (cavings) corresponding to the above. The top of this Shale unit at D-40 was placed gamma ray-neutron trace indicative of Precambrian beds. (op. cit.) 244 m below the Proterozoic subcrop. In the similar dolomite-above-shale section at M-G3 (considered above) It is suggested that the Shale unit reference section which is east-southeast of D-40, the shale top is only 112.2 m should be compounded from the 298 m coarsening- to fining below the Precambrian surface. This confirms the upward section at E-15, and the original shale section at expectation that northeastward the Dolomite unit thins and D-40 in which the contact with the overlying shaly lower part the Shale unit is eventually found subcropping below (? - see Pugh, 1983, p. 7) of the Dolomite unit is shown. Cambrian strata. What, in fact, is found, is that borehole sections of Precambrian siltstone-sandstone-shale at K-24, The Shale unit, the oldest known Proterozoic unit in the L-21, E-15, and D-45 immediately underlie Lower Cambrian subsurface north of the Fort Norman structure (Fig. 3), has so beds. How do these expected Shale unit subcrops correlate far not been equated more closely with known outcrop with the predominantly shale sections at D-40 and M-G3, sections other than to establish that it is "sub-HI", the which can readily be accepted as stratigraphically related? lowest formation of the Mackenzie Mountain Supergroup To explain in terms of a facies change would require the (Aitken et al., 1982). The age of the "sub-H I" is Middle or change to take place between M-G3 and E-15, within a Late Proterozoic (Young et al., 1979, 1982). distance of only 20 km. Alternatively, the shales preserved at D-40 and VI-G3 could represent the upper part of a sequence for which the coarser clastic sections to the Dolomite unit northeast represent the lower part. The writer prefers the latter explanation, in which the Shale unit is seen, not in The informal name, Dolomite unit, was used by Pugh terms of laterally rapid facies changes, but as a fining (1983, p. 3) to refer to varicoloured dolomite found in five upward clastic sequence from the conglomerate near the base subsurface sections below the sub-Cambrian unconformity. of K-24 section, through very fine grained sandstone and The Dolomite unit was stated (ibid.) to be easily recognized, siltstone to shale below the Dolomite unit contact, as seen at consisting of "microcrystalline to aphanitic dolomite, D-40 and M-G3. l coloured pink, yellow, buff, pale green, grey or white, and in part with characteristic blood-red streaks. Chert was found Farther northeastward, 75 km from D-45, dolomite in three of the sections, in one of which . .. the chert reappears at the Proterozoic subcrop below Lower Cambrian replaces oolite"..• No reference section was selected. At a sandstone. The presence of shale, interbedded with pink, sixth borehole location, D-40, a section "of silicified dolomite grey and brown dolomite, may indicate the lower part of the and siltstone and some red and dark grey shale and one Dolomite unit (see under the following heading) and the Shale G m-bed of black argillite", it was argued (ibid. p.7), may unit not far below subcrop. From the presence of the represent a lower member of the Dolomite unit. Dolomite unit both to the northeast and to the southwest of the Shale unit subcrops (at K-24, L-21, E-15, and D-45) an Five borehole sections of Precambrian dolomite in the anticlinal structure is inferred. Assuming that the top of the northwestern part of the present study area are readily Shale unit is, in fact, not far below the subcrop at K-44, the equatable to the sections above, which are assigned to the northeastern Shale unit/Dolomite unit boundary is believed to Dolomite unit. Those at H-34 and 1-74 (see Figure 3, and 1 It may seem inappropriate to expand the vertical range of the strata to which the term "Shale unit" applies, to include older beds which are predominantly siltstone and sandstone. However, a very simple designation is the only practical requirement for the subsurface Proterozoic units at this stage of investigation. "Shale unit" suffices for these "sub-H I" - equated beds until the time is ripe for formal stratigraphic assignment. 10 cross-section, Fig. 20) display pink or red colouring and thin, MOWlt Clark Formation blood-red streaks. A third section, at A-40, consists of pink to buff dolomite and oolitic chert. Basal Paleozoic sandstone is known along the margin of The other two sections (K-44, M-63) were discussed the Canadian Shield: from the subsurface throughout Alberta under the previous heading with reference to the underlying and northeastern British Columbia (Basal sandstone unit, Shale unit. At K-44, buff, grey, pink and green Pugh, 1975); from Great Slave Lake (Old Fort Island microcrystalline and aphanitic dolomite, in part with oolitic Formation, Norris, 1965); and from Cap Mountain at structure, includes some green shale. At M-63, dolomite is approximately 63°25'N (Mount Clark Formation, Williams, 0 mostly pink to red in colour, with some varicoloured shale in 1923). The basal sandstone has been mapped north of 63 , as the lower 80 m; it overlies what is considered to be the Shale Mount Clark Formation by Cook and Aitken (1969) and unit, on the basis both of stratigraphic similarity with the Douglas and Norris (1974), and as Old Fort Island Formation section at 0-40, 158 km away, and of the regional pattern of by Balkwill and Yorath (1970a, b), Cook and Aitken (1971), the Proterozoic subcrop (see above under Shale unit). The and Balkwill (1971). The latter authors preferred to use Old latter section (M-63), with a lower, shaly part, provides Fort Island because of mappable continuity with the type supportive evidence for the argument that the dolomite area of that formation at Great Slave Lake. si!tstone-shale sequence at D- 40 represents a lower member of the Dolomite unit rather than a localized facies change Features of the basal Paleozoic sandstone, common to (Pugh, 1983, p. 7). the descriptions given by all the above-noted authors, are: it is quartzose; fine grained to predominantly medium and Two reference sections are suggested for the Dolomite coarse grained; it contains occasional conglomerate and rarer unit: M-63, which, at 112.2 m is the thickest and includes siltstone and shale; it is time-transgressive; and it the lower contact with the Shale unit; or 1-74, which includes discontinuously occupies paleodepressions on the Precambrian the chert and characteristic blood-red streaks. The Dolomite erosion surface. In fact, the only remaining feature, it unit is equated to map unit HI of the Mackenzie Mountains seems, which might characterize the basal Paleozoic Supergroup, Middle or Late Proterozoic in age (Young et al., sandstone in any particular area, is the nature of the 1979,1982). overlying rock unit. Specifically, those basal sandstones, which are overlain by La Martre Falls Formation, were defined (by Norris, 1965) as Old Fort Island Formation; those Lower PaJeozoic stratigraphy overlain by Mount Cap Formation were defined (by Williams, 1923) as Mount Clark Formation. Considered under this heading are six previously The name "Old Fort Island" was used in mapping north described formations, illustrated on six maps (Figs. 3-8) and of 63 0 because, as stated by Cook and Aitken (1971, p. 6), "a three cross-sections (Figs. 21-23). much more positive correlation is established with that formation to the south than with the Mount Clark Formation The lower three formations, Mount Clark, Mount Cap to the west". They did, however, (Cook and Aitken, 1971, and Saline River, which together form a natural assemblage p. 6) recognize that their Old Fort Island Formation was of clastics and evaporites, were grouped by Tassonyi (1969, overlain by Mount Cap Formation, the extension of which p. 13, 14) under the name, Macdougal (name originating with from the Franklin Mountains was justified by the "degree of LA. Link in 1921, cited in Hume and Link, 1945). Tassonyi lithologic correspondence as well as the stratigraphic position (1969), although admitting"only limited application" at that and sequence". The basal Paleozoic sandstone north of 63°N time, expressed future need of a group name in the statement is referred to here as Mount Clark Formation for the (ibid.), "The Macdougal Group is assumed to be present in the following reasons: its consistent facies and its continuity subsurface within the whole study-area west of the below the Mount Cap Formation throughout the subsurface" Precambrian edge". Before Tassonyi's foresight could be as described below; its lithological and stratigraphic identity proved correct, however, Macdougal Group was declared with the type section of Mount Clark Formation; and the obsolete by Aitken et al. (1973, p. 28) on the grounds that the precedence of the name Mount Clark over Old Fort Island. l type Macdougal Formation as described by Link (l!:! Hume and Link, 1945) included Proterozoic rocks. Later, Pugh (1983) The type section of the Mount Clark Formation demonstrated a need for a group "handle" in the subsurface, (Williams, 1923, p.76B) was described by J.D. Aitken and but, failing to revive Macdougal, used instead, "Cambrian R.W. Macqueen in 1972 (Section AC-541 in Aitken et al., clastics-evaporites assemblage". The latter descriptive 1973, p. 148) and was summarized (ibid., p.34) as consisting phrase defeats its utilitarian purpose and is here abandoned. of "orthoquartzitic sandstone and subordinate quartzite, A need is still felt to be able to refer simply and concisely to white to yellow at the base, with purplish and reddish grey the Cambrian assemblage, but such need does not justify intervals increasing upward •..", and having a thickness in introduction of an entirely new name to the literature. excess of 215 m. The upper three, predominantly carbonate formations, Fifteen boreholes within the present study area have Franklin Mountain, Mount Kindle and Peel, are referred to penetrated Precambrian strata. Of these, twelve were together by the name, Ronning Group, a convenient and drilled through sandstone of the Mount Clark Formation. The potentially useful term, which was revived by Pugh (1983). distribution of the Mount Clark Formation is shown on Lower Paleozoic stratigraphy embraces an aggregate of Figure 3, and nine sections are included on two cross-sections some 3000 m of section, of which the Ronning Group (Figs. 19, 20). The Mount Clark Formation, seen in the approaches 2000 m. subsurface, consists entirely of quartzose sandstone and local lHowever, this does not render the name, Old Fort Island, obsolete. Mount Clark, as stated above, is defined as being overlain by Mount CLARK (as distinct from Old Fort Island overlain by La Martre Falls). Although Balkwill (1971, p. 14) reported "mappable continuity" of Mount Cap and Saline River formations "with the lower part of La Martre Falls Formation", the actual identification of Mount Cap, even if present at Great Slave Lake, may not be possible due to the incompleteness of the lower part of the type La Martre Falls. 11 conglomerate, with the exception of minor amounts of shale by Balkwill (J 971, p. 12, 13), 300 km to the southeast, and siltstone in a restricted area close to the northwestern "Adjacent to basement ridges at Beaverlodge Lake •.. the zero edge. The sandstone commonly appears in drill cuttings basal beds contain abundant pebbles and cobbles of massive as unconsolidated, rounded or sub-rounded sand, also as partly quartz (probably derived from nearby ridge-forming silica-cemented sand, and more rarely as orthoquartzitic Precambrian quartz veins .•.". Because there were no fragments. Within the main area of known distribution in the Proterozoic strata from which the material required for subsurface, west and northwest of Great Bear Lake, there is quartzose conglomerate could have been derived, we are safe a general south to north decrease of maximum grain size, in assuming a granite/quartz vein source. Conglomerate (as from conglomerate to medium grained sand. At H-34- and noted above) constitutes the initial deposit at E-15 and 0-4-5; G-22, the latter displaying the maximum recorded subsurface at E-15 it must have been transported over a distance of at thickness of 64-.3 m, the entire section seems to consist of least 160 km (say, from close to the Fort Norman Structure quartz conglomerate and sandstone; northward, conglomerate as a minimum) to 250 km (nearest present-day basement appears only as a basal deposit at E-15 and 0-4-5. North of a outcrops). The depositional story of the Mount Clark west-northwest-trending line, roughly through Aubrey Lake, Formation in the type area is obscured by the scarcity of nothing coarser than coarse grained sandstone was recorded. data, but the same reasoning as above may apply equally well Already mentioned is the presence of finer clastic material to the southeastern part of the study area. near the zero edge in the northwest: at 0-4-5 the upper cored part of the Mount Clark section was described in the Well Strata overlying the Mount Clark Formation at E-15 History Report as including some interbedded green shale; and G-22 have been dated as late Early Cambrian by the 13.4- m thick section at L-21 consists of orthoquartzite, W.H. Fritz (see cross-section, Figure 19). The age of the maroon silty shale, green waxy shale and medium and coarse Mount Clark Formation, therefore, is within the Early grained sand; nearest to zero edge, at K-24-, a 5.5 m thick Cambrian, but may vary from place to place. It is, at least in section includes a 1.2 m interval of coarse grained siltstone. part, equivalent to the Old Fort Island Formation of Great Significantly, the drill cuttings from K-24- indicate two grain Slave Lake. size modes: medium and coarse grained quartz sand, and silty, fine and very fine grained quartzose sandstone. Mount Cap Formation In the southeastern part, near the type area, the 21.3 m thick section at E-II comprises mainly fine to medium grained quartzose sandstone with some poorly sorted, The Mount Cap Formation is widely distributed in the generally subrounded, very fine to coarse grained sandstone. study area and occurs in two discrete depositional areas The nearby G-52 section, 4-1.5 m thick, is made up entirely of separated by Mahony Arch. Northeast of this barrier, the fine grained quartzitic sandstone. formation is divisible into eight distinct members, whereas southwest of the arch more than 600 m of Mount Cap shale The distribution of Mount Clark sandstone west and facies are undivided. northwest of Great Bear Lake displays a sufficiently orderly variation of thickness to allow the drawing of a 50 m isopach The name, Mount Cap, originated with Williams (1922) and a zero edge. This orderly variation does not support the who subsequently (1923) redefined it. It referred to some commonly recognized theory of disconnected deposition, but, 30 m of sandstones and shales overlying the Mount Clark from other areas, there is evidence of less predictable Formation at the type locality on Cap Mountain. In 1968, a thickness variation: the 215+ m thickness of type Mount section of Mount Cap Formation more than 100 m thick at Clark Formation given by Aitken et al. (1973) is ten times the "Macdougal Group" (now obsolete) type section in Oodo that at E-Il only 30 km away (at both locations the Canyon, was measured by R. W. Macqueen, who described it conformably overlying beds are Mount Cap Formation); the (l.!:!. Aitken et al., 1973, p. 125-128, 175) as dark grey shale formation is missing below Mount Cap beds in the far north and varicoloured quartzose sandstone, micritic limestone and at 0-02; and at 1-74- and 0-61 both Mount Clark and Mount dolomite. The name, Mount Cap, was used in the Cap beds are absent below depositionally thin Saline River northeastern part of the present study area, the Coppermine Formation. Arch region, by Cook and Aitken (1969), and in the adjoining Colville Lake area, by Cook and Aitken (1971). Extension of From the foregoing we may construct a depositional the name from the Franklin Mountains was considered (Cook model for the Mount Clark Formation of a shallow, slightly and Aitken, 1971, p.6) to be justified by "the degree of elongate basin, the axis of which was roughly coincident with lithologic correspondence as well as the stratigraphic position the axis of the underlying Precambrian anticline, trending and sequence". Cook and Aitken (1971) and Balkwill (1971, west-northwest from present-day Great Bear Lake. It is p. 14-) described the Mount Cap Formation in the Coppermine proposed that the basin be named the Good Hope Basin. The and Hottah Lake areas as consisting of varicoloured shales, quartzose clastic sediments are much coarser grained to the siltstones, glauconitic fine grained sandstones ("very south, especially near the southerly depositional edge, where abundant, tabular glauconitic grains as large as 0.3 mm", quartzose conglomerate settled close to a depositional or Balkwill, 1971) and brown dolomite. structural high, aligned roughly west-northwest through Mahony Lake. This high is discussed fully under the heading: The only borehole to have penetrated the Mount Cap Mount Cap Formation-Mahony Arch. Formation when Tassonyi (1969, p. 15, 16) described the unit was N-28, in which "the basal 392 feet" were assigned to that Mount Clark sediments appear to have been derived formation. Approximately 36.6 m of Tassonyi's Mount Cap from both reworked Proterozoic sediments and Precambrian at N-28 (i.e. the upper 120 ft, in which Tassonyi described igneous rocks. The two grain-size modes at K-24- (noted (op. cit., p. 16) "traces of anhydrite and associated white above) indicate the possibility that at least the finer-grained gypsiferous shales") are now reassigned to the Lower clastic sandstone, siltstone and shale were derived from the wearing member (Meijer Orees, 1975) of the overlying Saline River down of Proterozoic Shale unit strata exposed beyond the Formation. Mount Clark depositional edge along the core of the paleoanticline. The coarser sand and conglomerate to the Meijer Orees (1975) used the name Mount Cap south of the anticline were deposited near to the line of a Formation in the subsurface throughout the Fort Simpson Proterozoic dolomite ridge, similar to the situation recorded area (south of Great Bear River map area) almost as far as 12 Great Slave Lake, where he considered it to be equivalent to Member b a middle part of the La Martre Falls Formation. Member b is the first (lowest) shale unit of the Mount Pugh (1983) traced characteristic :v1ount Cap lithofacies Cap Formation. It is represented in this report by 11 of varicoloured shales, dolomite, chert, oolite and glauconite complete borehole sections. Shale, the predominant rock, is as far west as approximately 130 0 W longitude, beyond which most commonly green, locally also black, brown and, rarely, shale, sandstone and siltstone extend as far as 133° or 134°W. purple and maroon. Thicker sections include some siltstone An attempt was made (op. cit., Fig. 24) to correlate sub-units and dolomite. In all but two sections in the northwest (D-02, between two borehole sections (0-40, 1- 1I) in the K-24), both shale and siltstone are generally very micaceous, northeastern part of the Peel River map area, a correlation a feature that distinguishes Member b from any of the other which can be e;,:panded in the light of the present study (see shale members. Siltstone and dolomite may be very highly footnote, p. 16). glauconitic. At M-48, poor samples indicate shale with some siltstone and dolomite, all very micaceous and very Stratigraphic interpretations presented in this report glauconitic. are based on data derived from 20 boreholes in the Great Bear River study area. There are 12 complete and 2 Silty, very fine grained sandstone at H-34, close to zero incomplete sections of Mount Cap Formation from which it edge on the flank of Mahony Arch, is the only recorded has been possible to identify an eightfold lithological sub occurrence of sandstone in Member b. It occurs in a mainly division. This has been correlated from 0-02 in the north to siltstone, non-shale section, which can reasonably be H-34 close to Mahony Lake (shown on eight sections included interpreted as the shoreward facies of Member b. It is on cross-sections, Figures 19, 20), inferred then that the zero edge south of H-34, and the absence of Mount Cap beds at 1-74 (see also below), are The overall lithology of the subdivided Mount Cap depositional, rather than erosional, events. Formation comprises shales (especially dark green and black), brovm dolomite, oolite, chert, glauconite, sandstone and Distribution of Member l:: is similar to that for the siltstone. This is characteristic Mount Cap lithofacies, Mount Cap as a whole (see Figure 4). Maximum thickness is readily distinguishable from the Mount Clark sandstone below 82.3 m at A-40. and the Lower clastic unit of the Saline River Formation above, even though drill cutting samples below the Saline Member b at E- 15 was dated by W.H. Fritz (Barnes River are commonly very poor. The radioactivity logs of et al., 1974) as early Middle Cambrian. these sections show clearly the sequence of alternating litho units, basically a carbonate-shale sequence. Because these repeated facies result in relatively thin sub-units (mostly Member c between 10 and 50 m), mechanical logs are especially necessary in this case to identify the members and to This is the thinnest member and lithologically the most pinpoint the tops. Eight members are recognized, labelled a consistent. In 10 borehole sections it consists of dolomite to h. As there are only two sections (A-40, M-48) showing all that is generally brown or dark brown, fine and medium eight members, and because the A-40 section is covered only crystalline, locally micro-, very fine- or coarse-crystalline; in part by a very poor log trace, M-48 is designated the minor amounts of green, dark green, and black shale are reference section for the subdivided Mount Cap Formation common. Exceptionally, at H-34 on the flank of Mahony (see litholog, Appendix 2; and cross-section, Figure 19). Arch, the dolomite is buff grey to dark grey, mostly siliceous. Member c gives a distinctive "kick" on radioactivity logs (see cross-section, Figure 19). Member a At M-48 reference section, Member a consists of Member c averages about 10 m in thickness, with a' sandstone, siltstone and dolomite with abundant glauconite maximum of 17.4 m at 0-45. The member may be thicker at throughout. The quartzose sandstone is mainly fine grained, A-40, but, due to very poor data, Members c, G and e cannot less commonly medium and coarse grained. Southeastward there be separated. from M-48, quartzose sandstone and siltstone predominate, as at G-22: in addition to sandstone at M-48, there is some Member c at E-15 was dated (Barnes, et al., 1974) as poorly sorted sandstone with more than 50 per cent early Middle Cambrian. glauconite. The sandstone facies of Member a is quite distinct from the non-glauconitic, coarser grained sandstone of the underlying \10unt Clark Formation. Member d Northwestward from M-48, sandstone disappears: at Shale of Member d is identified in seven complete E-15, coarse crystalline, glauconitic dolomite with some borehole sections. In a further six sections Members d and e siltstone and shale occur; at K-24, similar dolomite and dark remain undivided. Member d consists mainly of green or dark grey-green shale are found. The distribution of clastic green shale with subordinate black; northwestward there are material in Member a suggests derivation of sand and silt increasing amounts of dolomite, generally brown, very fine to sized material from a roughly southeasterly source. This medium crystalline. Siltstone was recorded in only one does not exclude the possibility of other sources; for section (L- 2I). example, for the basal, very fine grained sandstone, in the north at 0-02. Units d and e are undivided at four locations (F-62, G-22, G-34, K-76) beyond the southeastern limit of overlying Member a averages 25 to 30 m in thickness, increasing Member f (see Figure 4). The shale is green, maroon and northwesterly (maximum of 47.9 m at 0-02) where dolomite brown; siltstone, a minor constituent at F -62 and G-22, is dominant, and decreasing southeasterly (l1.6 m at G-22, predominates at K-76 and H-34 on Mahony Arch flank. Some 3.7 m at H-34) where sandstone-siltstone predominate. dolomite is present in all but the H- 34 section. Member a was dated by W.H. Fritz as late Early Cambrian at E-15 (Barnes et al., 1974), and G-22 (see Three of the seven complete sections of Member dare Appendix I). around 20 m thick. Maximum recorded thickness is 39.6 m at 13 0-02, but it is possible this figure may be exceeded at A-40 interbedded, buff to brown, microcrystalline dolomite. within the indivisible c-d-e section. Undivided Members d Member h is overlain by the Lower clastic member of the and e, beyond the limit of Member f to the southeast, are a Saline River Formation with which at first sight it might be little less than 30 m thick at F-62 and G-22, and only 12 m confused. However, the smoother-textured, rather splintery and 8 m, respectively, at K-76 and H-34. shale and clean, brown, crystalline dolomite, which characterize the Saline River strata in the Mount Cap In summary, Member d is a shale unit that thickens Formation, are in practice easily distinguished from the northwestward to include increasing amounts of dolomite, rougher-textured shale, argillaceous dolomite and anhydrite and thins to the southeast into siltstone facies approaching a of the Lower clastic member. possible depositional edge. Type area Member e Thirty kilometres from the mountain type section of This carbonate unit overlies Member d at the seven the Mount Cap Formation, the subsurface section at E-1I locations where Members d and e can be differentiated. comprises 6.7 m of: green and brown shale; fine to very fine Characteristic lithology is brown dolomite, very fine, fine or grained quartzose sandstone; black, partly siliceous, oolitic, medium crystalline, often glauconitic, and locally with green dolomite, grading to chert; and glauconite concentrations. shale and less commonly chert. Exceptions are the localized These rocks of the type area are strikingly similar to those occurrences of limestone and siltstone: at 0-45, Member e described above, more than 200 km to the north-northwest. consists almost entirely of limestone, micrograined, fine and Their stratigraphic position in both areas between the very fine grained, and siltstone, dolomitic and calcareous. underlying Mount Clark Formation and the overlying Lower Forty-six kilometres away at the Mount Cap reference clastic member of the Saline River Formation should leave no section at M-48, an otherwise characteristic fades of buff reasonable doubt that the Mount Cap Formation, subdivided and brown micro- and very fine-crystalline dolomite, in part as described above, is, in fact, the Mount Cap in its type highly glauconitic, includes some micrograined dolomitic sense. limestone and some very micaceous dolomitic siltstone. The thickness of Member e ranges from a maximum of Shale facies 18.9 m at 0-02 to 7.0 m at L-21. It is the highest (youngest) member to be distributed over the entire area of deposition Three incomplete borehole sections of Middle Cambrian of subdivisible Mount Cap. rocks southwest of Mahony Arch remain to be considered. The thickest recorded (>595 m) at L-04, consists mostly of grey-green to grey and brown shale, with rare, brown, Member f microcrystalline, argillaceous dolomite and brown and grey green, argillaceous siltstone; in only the top 60 m grey and Eight complete borehole sections of this member are pale green shale is interbedded with brown to buff and white, recognized. In the Mount Cap reference section (M-48) microcrystalline, siliceous dolomite. Five kilometres away at Member f consists of 36.6 m of green shale alone, except for N-62, 155 m of dark grey to black, grey-green to dark green one thin (3 m) bed of 'familiar' brown crystalline dolomite. shale and argillaceous dolomite can be correlated almost bed Similar lithology and thickness were recorded at 0-45 and for bed with the upper part at L-04 (see cross-section, A-40. Elsewhere Member f thins: to the north, 10.4 m of Figure 20). green and black shale at K-44 1 include two thin dolomite markers and some siltstone; to the northwest, beyond the At N-28, 82 m of strata underlying a characteristic limit of overlying Member g, four sections of green and black three-member section of the Saline River Formation consist shale range in thickness from 14.0 m to 3.4 m (K-24). of grey-green and purple shale with traces of dolomite and limestone in the drill cuttings, and glauconite recorded at one horizon. L-04 and N-28 are related by way of the lower Member 9 Middle Cambrian Glossopleura Zone (W.H. Fritz: at L-04, in Norford et al., 1970; at N-28, in Norford et al., 1971). The Carbonate Member g is considered to be present in four relatively thick shale sequencesouthwest of Mahony Arch, subsurface sections. Underlying Member h at A-40 (26.8 m therefore, is at least partly time-equivalent to Members b thick) and at M-48 (21.3 m thick), it consists of buff to and c of the Mount Cap Formation northeast of the Arch (see brown, microcrystalline to fine and medium crystalline above). dolomite, with some interbedded green, brown and black shale; some brown and white chert was recorded in the lower N-28, closest of the three shale sections to Mahony part at A-40. At 0-45, Member g comprises 10.7 m of buff Arch (as drawn on Figure 4), with evidence of carbonates and to brown oolitic dolomite grading to chert, and some glauconite content, bears a significant lithological interbedded green and dark grey shale. At K-44, 4 m of resemblance to the Mount Cap. On the other hand, the dolomite at the top of the Mount Cap Formation are assigned Middle Cambrian shales at L-04 and N-62 reflect a to Member g. depositional environment clearly distinct from that northwest of Mahony Arch where, as discussed above, typical Mount Cap lithology extends into the eightfold membership. The Member h thicker shales accumulated in what must have been a relatively narrow basin between Mackenzie Arch and Mahony A shale unit at the top of the Mount Cap Formation at Arch, herein referred to as Keele Trough, possibly extending A-40 and M-48 is designated Member h. It consists of green, southward between Mackenzie and Bulmer Lake arches (see grey-green and grey-brown shale with some thinly Figure 4). Interestingly, the Mount Cap type section and the 1 An overlying 4 m thick dolomite unit is assigned to Member g, rather than considering it to be another dolomite marker in Member f. 14 nearby E-II section are apparently on the western flank of Contacts the Bulmer Lake Arch, indicating the possibility that they represent shoreward or shallow water facies of homotaxial The contact of the Mount Cap Formation with the basinal equivalents at L-Olt and N-62. Because of the underlying Mount Clark Formation is abrupt and non foregoing important relationships, the writer proposes to gradational. Criteria for distinguishing the sandstone facies refer to the Middle Cambrian shales at L-Olt etc. as Mount of Member a from Mount Clark sandstone are stated above. Cap Shale facies, thereby preserving a mental regional image engendered by the name, Mount Cap. The nature of the upper contact of the Mount Cap Formation with the Saline River Formation, west of this study area, was discussed by Pugh (1983). It was Mahony Arch demonstrated that (op. cit.), at least in the northeastern part of the Peel River map area "there was no substantial The absence of Mount Cap Formation at 0-61 and 1-71t, sub-Saline River erosional break".l It was concluded from together with the absence of underlying Mount Clark assembled evidence from both the subsurface and the Formation (Fig. 3) and the anomalous thinning of overlying Mackenzie \1ountain front that, "likely no more than Saline River Formation (Fig. 5), point to the existence of a relatively minor truncation at the depositionally-thinned edge Cambrian "high" in the Mahony Lake area. A similar of the Mount Cap took place before burial beneath the first situation in the Peel River map area was recorded and Saline River sediments •.•". discussed by Pugh (1983, p. 10). The absence at L-26 of Lower and Middle Cambrian strata between the Proterozoic North of Mahony Arch, subdivision of Mount Cap Dolomite unit and the Upper Cambrian Saline River Salt Formation reveals that the overlying Lower clastic member member, was considered (Pugh, 1983) to be due to of the Saline River Formation is in contact with different nondeposition over a suggested topographic high of resistant members at different locations. The cross-section (Fig. 19) dolomite, rather than to truncation during structural shows clearly each of Members e, i, g and h at the upper deformation and subsequent removal. contact. If we take this to mean truncation of these members below an erosional unconformity, we must It is tempting to draw between L-26 and Mahony Lake a necessarily accept that in the Good Hope Basin, the centre of band of projected nondeposition and thereby postulate an crustal downwarping corresponding to the depositional centre arch parallel to, and perhaps in some way related to, of the .V1ount Clark and subdivided Mount Cap Formation (see Mackenzie Arch. Such an "arch" might conceivably have Figures 3, It) became an area of uplift and erosion of the been simply a topographic ridge of Precambrian rock, or, upper members of the Mount Cap, and then again became the alternatively, may have been tectonically generated. The centre of downwarping during Saline River deposition (see suggested (op. cit.) model of a topographic ridge consisting of Figure 5). Apart from being intuitively unsatisfactory, this the resistant Proterozoic Dolomite unit presents a problem as model also demands acceptable answers to the following it crosses the Fort Norman structure (see Figure 3) eastward questions: why is mostly nonresistant shale preserved at the into shale of Proterozoic Unit I (at 0-60. It also fails to upper surface of the Mount Cap (see cross-section, Fig. 19) if explain as well as a relative uplift model does, the this was an eroded surface?; why do we find only Members i, downwarping on either side necessary to accommodate the g and h truncated in this model, in contrast to the substantial accumulation of Lower to Upper Cambrian surprisingly well preserved depositional thinning into sediments to the northeast and a Middle Cambrian shale basin shoreward facies of Members a, b, c, d and e (clearly to the southwest. The latter model of tectonic generation is demonstrated approaching Mahony Arch between G-22 and supported by extending the projected arch southeastward, H-31t, refer to cross-section, Figs. 19, 20)? still roughly parallel to Mackenzie Arch, and finding that it would be colinear with, or would merge with, Bulmer Lake An alternative model is preferred that accommodates a Arch (Meijer Drees, 1975). At the same time, the absence of more stable tectonic setting, one in which Mount Cap 'V1ount Cap beds at the G-52 location would be explained. Formation sedimentation reflects gentle cyclic fluctuations of downwarping. Carbonates alternated with clastics, and Pugh's (1983, p. 10) model of nondeposition at L-26 is beginning with deposition of sands and silty muds, the clastics thereby modified and expanded to constitute a belt of progressively became finer, until only clay-sized material nondeposition along a tectonically generated arch parallel to entered the filling basin. In the later stages, sedimentation Mackenzie Arch and possibly related to, or colinear with, was gradually more localized as the Good Hope Basin fi11ed, Bulmer Lake Arch. This arch is named after Mahony Lake, possibly during a tectonic pause preceding the new and more below which it is buried, and close to which the main extensive downwarping at the beginning of Saline River evidence for its existence was derived. There is no evidence deposition. This generalized model could be modified to to suggest that Mahony Arch was more than a positive accommodate the possibility that Members a to h may not be alignment between, and relative to, downwarping on either time-lithostratigraphic units, but this would not change the side, and in that sense was merely a barrier, or partial overall concept that the upper contact represents nothing barrier, between two depositional basins, contributing little, more than a depositional hiatus between the deposition of the if any, material to the Cambrian sediments. Furthermore, Mount Cap and Saline River formations. the fact that type Mount Cap strata, as found on what appears to be the southwest flank of Bulmer Lake Arch Southwest of Mahony Arch, the lower contact of the (E-ll), extend to the north of Mahony Lake, indicates that Mount Cap shale facies has not been exposed. The upper Mahony Arch was not a continuous barrier. contact with the Saline River Formation is found only at lThis was on the basis of correlation of beds between J-It2, DltO, and 1- II (see Pugh, 1983, Figure 21t). Correction of the Mount Cap-Saline River contact in those sections in the light of the present study (i.e., to reassign the lower part of the Lower clastic unit to Mount Cap, see Appendix It, this report) in fact strengthens Pugh's (1983) interpretation. 15 N-28; Lower clastic member shales with drill-cutting trace~ Lower clastic member of anhydrite rest on shales with drill-cutting traces of dolomite, limestone and glauconite. At L-04, some 600 m of Throughout the study area, the Lower clastic member :vlount Cap shale facies are overlain directly by Mesozoic consists of grey-green to brown-grey (rarely maroon or strata. As already stated, the upper part of this section purple) shale, with some grey to grey-brown, argillaceous correlates precisely with the N-62 section, which, dolomite; anhydrite is commonly associated with both shale interestingly, is overlain by the Cyclic member of the and dolomite. Exceptionally, maroon and purple shale is Franklin Mountain Formation. The absence of the Saline dominant in sections over Mahony Arch, and also on the flank River Formation at N-62 is discussed fully under that of Bulmer Lake Arch, where siltstone also occurs; drill heading. It is not likely that the upper, more dolomitic part cuttings from G-52 include traces of quartzose, fine grained of the Mount Cap shale facies found in both L-04 and N-62 is sandstone. equivalent to the Saline River Formation The Lower clastic member varies in thickness mostly Lower to Middle Cambrian sediments are distributed within the 20 to 40 m range, with a maximum of 43.6 m over the entire study area west of the margin of the recorded at K-44. The member is anomalously thinner (less Canadian Shield, except along Mahony Arch, which than 20 m) in the proximity of the above arches, with a constituted a partial barrier between two somewhat different minimum thickness of 8.5 m below Mahony Lake (1-74). The depositional environments. Late Early Cambrian age beds lower contact with the Mount Cap Formation is considered to (Member a) are known to be initial Mount Cap deposits represent a depositional hiatus (see under previous heading northeast of Mahony Arch. Beds of early Middle Cambrian for discussion, and for criteria for distinguishing between age are known from both sides of the Arch (Members band c, facies below and above the contact). The upper contact with and Shale facies). Lack of sufficient well control prevents a the Salt member is conformable and nongradational. precise correlation throughout the whole study area, but, on the basis of most similar lithology, the Mount Cap Formation of the type area, the eastern outcrop areas, and the Peel Salt member River area (Pugh, 1983, fig. 4) seem to equate more to the lower dolomite-sandstone-siltstone-shale members of the The present study records Saline River halite in subdivided Mount Cap in Good Hope Basin. fourteen borehole sections, and equivalent evaporitic beds at five other locations. At D-02 in the north, the Salt member consists of brown to grey, microcrystalline dolomite, and Saline River Formation grey dolomitic shale with some anhydrite and some white and smoky brown chert. Over Mahony Arch, 11.0 m of anhydrite and hard grey shale at 1-74, and 17.7 m of dolomite and The Saline River Formation, like the underlying .'vIount anhydrite at K-76, equate to 10.1 m of halite at nearby H-34, Cap Formation, is widely distributed throughout the study but have no distinct correlate at D-61. On the western flank area. Its units similarly thin or wedge out against Mahony of Bulmer Lake Arch, 42.7 m of halite at E-ll correlate with Arch. Changes in the shape of the depositional area 20.1 m of red, green and grey shale with some anhydrite at southwest of the Arch are reflected in the localized absence G-52. Southwest of Mahony Arch, a thick 3alt member (at of Saline River rocks above thick Mount Cap shale facies. G-78, 1'.1-28) includes at the top a transitional facies unit of pink and buff anhydrite, maroon, olive-green and pale green The name, Saline River, was introduced by Williams shale, and salt. Approximate halite-anhydrite lithofacies (1923, p. 77B) for beds, about 30 m thick, of red and green boundaries are drawn on Figure 5. shale containing salt casts and gypsum, poorly exposed on the Saline River near its confluence with the Mackenzie River. The Salt member is absent below the lower Keele River The Saline River Formation was given defined boundaries by area. At N-62, the Mount Cap Shale facies is overlain Tassonyi (1969, p. 17) to "include all evaporites and directly by the Franklin Mountain Cyclic member. The evaporitic associations which are underlain by the Mount Cap alternative possibility that the upper, more dolomitic part of formation and overlain by the massive dolomites of the the section there assigned to the Shale facies could be an Ronning Formation, or by any continuous carbonate equivalent of the Saline River Formation is rejected on the sequence". With reference to the Vermilion No. I well grounds that not a trace of evaporite was noted and that the (N-28), Tassonyi (1969) described "two distinct lithologies: a rocks present are unlike the shale and dolomite encountered lower thick salt and evaporite unit referred to as the salt in any known 3aHne River section. The fact that the Saline member and an upper shale member that is partly River-Franklin Mountain contact is everywhere conformable evaporitic". Later work on the subsurface modified the lower and gradational (see below) implies that the absence of Saline boundary. In borehole section, E-ll, Meijer Drees (1975, River sediments below the Franklin Mountain Cyclic member p. 12) recognized a threefold division of the Saline River at 1'-1-62 must be the result of nondeposition. Formation: "a lower clastic member consisting of shale and anhydritic siltstone"; "a middle evaporitic member Tassonyi (1969, p. 18) conceived that the Salt member comprising salt and anhydrite"; and "an upper clastic member was deposited in a trough-like depression trending northwest consisting of shale and anhydritic salt and anhydrite". between ['~orman Wells and Fort Good Hope, rather than as a Meijer Drees' Lower clastic member is found to be present at circular-shaped, basin-centre evaporite. Matthews (1977, N-28; refinement of Tassonyi's Mount Cap-Saline River p. C-42, 43) indicated that the Salt member was deposited in contact was discussed above (under "Mount Cap Formation"). graben troughs. Pugh (1983, p. 11 and Figure 5) presented Pugh (1983, Fig. 24) carried the use of Lower clastic member data from ten borehole locations west of the Great Bear into the Peel River area; refinement of Pugh's Mount Cap River area, indicating the "elongated, rather than circular, Saline River contact has also been noted (footnote, p. 16). shape to the body of halite". lsopachs and lithofacies of the Salt member in the Great Bear River study area (included in Within the present study area, eighteen boreholes Figure 5) indicate a somewhat different basinal configuration provide complete three-member sections of the Saline River from that envisaged by previous writers. Pugh's (1983) Formation. Data from these were used to compile an elongate salt body appears to extend (200 and 300 m isopachs) isopach-lithofacies-structure contour map (Fig. 5). Twelve of east to Great Bear Lake, outlining Good Hope Basin, with a the sections are shown on cross-sections (Figs. 19, 20). maximum thickness of 313.6 m at A-40, and to have a 16 north-trending extension (shown by 100 m isopachs). Mahony set by Pugh (1983, p. 12), "with the aid of gamma-ray logs and Bulmer Lake arches continue to be reflected (as noted where predominantly shale beds change to predominantly above for the Lower clastic member) in anomalous thinning argillaceous dolomite". A rider was provided (op. cit.) to and lithofacies below the Mahony Lake and Blackwater Lake accommodate carbonates at the top of the Saline River areas, but no longer in evidence to the west (see Pugh, 1983, Formation, if "they include interbedded grey-green, olive at L-26, where the Salt member lies directly on Proterozoic green and maroon shales". It was further noted· (op. cit.), strata). Southwest of Mahony Arch, drilling of G-78 "This should not exclude the possibility of having minor penetrated 115.8 m of halite, and at N-28 the Salt member greenish colouring in the otherwise normally grey shales 1 measures 795.5 m • One hundred kilometres away to the interbedded with dolomite at the base of the Franklin southeast, none of the Saline River members are present (at Mountain Formation". All of these criteria were satisfied in N-62, L-04). Evidently, the basin-arch configuration changed placing the contact at F-62 and G-22 where the gradation is significantly between the times of Mount Cap and Saline very pronounced. At F-62, a 19 m thick unit (between River deposition. The concept of the inter-arch Keele borehole footages 3514 and 3577) of dolomite and shale, pale Trough, southwest of Mahony Arch, postulated for Mount Cap green-grey to pale green with trace of maroon, is assigned to Shale facies, continues to be valid for the Saline River the Upper clastic member; at the base of the Cyclic member, Formation, but was altered significantly in shape. The very argillaceous dolomite is interbedded with some buff-grey and area (below Keele River) from which the main evidence of a grey-green shale. Mount Cap shale basin was derived, became an area of nondeposition of Saline River sediments (and, moreover, we The foregoing evidence seems to indicate that the basic cannot ignore the possibility of erosion of Mount Cap Shale tectonic configuration of parallel arches and basin during facies). With the burial of Mahony Arch west of Mahony Mount Cap deposition did not endure into the time of Saline Lake (at L-26, by the time of salt precipitation), and because River sedimentation. Mahony Arch was submergent and of a lack of Saline River borehole data between Norman active, but, after the beginning of salt precipitation, Wells and Fort Good Hope to suggest alternative possibilities, influenced deposition only at the eastern end; a new positive the thick halite sections at G-78 and N-28 are most easily feature restricted sedimentation in an area (N-62) which seen as representing the southern part of an essentially later was to be uplifted as Keele Arch; this, in conjunction triple-lobe basin (Norman Wells-Smith Arm-Fort Good Hope). with Mahony and Bulmer Lake arches, may have created a A northern extension passes into dolomite-anhydrite facies at generally high, but at least partly submergent area between a D-02. Southward, the Salt member passes through anhydrite northern tri-lobate salt basin (Fig. 5) and an elongate salt facies over Mahony Arch, and possibly out of distinct basin south from E-II (see Meijer Drees, 1975, Figure 8). recognition (as seen at 0-61), with no data so far to actually demonstrate physical continuity with its reappearance across the anhydrite-halite fades boundary (below Blackwater Lake Ronning Group area). The reader is referred to Pugh (1983, p. 13, 14) for the Upper clastic member historical background of this name. During the course of more than sixty years as a stratigraphic name, it has been With only minor variations, the Upper clastic member raised to group status, reduced to reconnaissance use only in consists primarily of maroon, green, olive-green, grey-green, surface mapping, and most recently revived by Pugh (op. cit) purple, brown, dolomitic and locally silty shale; in most for use in the subsurface of Peel River map area as a group sections there is interbedded buff, grey, pink, name for the Franklin Mountain, Mount Kindle and Peel microcrystalline to aphanitic, rarely silty dolomite, and, formations. All three formations are recognized in the study invariably, some pink, white, pale buff, pale green anhydrite, area. usually thinly interbedded with, or as streaks in, the shales. Siltstone is uncommon, and was recorded at only three locations: at E-ll, as pale grey and pale brown, dolomitic Franklin Mountain Formation siltstone, interbedded with varicoloured shale and some anhydrite; at E-15, the thickest section, as a minor The name, Franklin Mountain, originated with Williams constituent, thinly interbedded with shale and some (1922, 1923), who applied it to 100 m of calcareous shale and anhydrite; and at L-66, an incomplete section of grey, buff or limestone lying between the Saline River Formation below pink, dolomitic siltstone and pale green or maroon dolomitic and the Mount Kindle Formation above, and outcropping on shale. the eastern slope of Mount Kindle in the Franklin Mountains. Forty years later, Douglas and Norris (1963, p. 11) reported The thickness of the Upper clastic member varies nearly 400 m of Franklin Mountain Formation on the markedly, from a minimum of 13.1 m at 1-74 to a maximum northeast face of Mount Kindle, and described the measured recorded 119.8 m at E-15. There appears to be no meaningful section (in ascending order) as follows: limestone and average figure, but, significantly, the thickness in the calcareous shale; dolomite; brown, green and red shales with proximity of Mahony and Bulmer Lake arches (none more subordinate sandstone and dolomite; and the upper two thirds than 36.3 m in all five sections) is less than elsewhere (all mainly pale grey dolomite with minor chert lenses. greater than 39.0 m), confirming continued activity of these structures. Several workers applied the name in their regional surface and subsurface studies, among them: Macqueen Because its upper contact is gradational (see below), (1970, p. 225) who, in the plains east of the Lower Mackenzie the seemingly unpredictable thickness variations in the Upper River, recognized three units below the Mount Kindle clastic member may be attributable partly to a facies Formation and referred to them informally as Cyclic, boundary relationship with the underlying Salt member. The Rhythmic and Cherty units; Macqueen and Mackenzie (1973, gradational upper contact with the overlying Franklin p. 183), who recognized these three units in the cored Mountain Cyclic member was pinpointed following the rule borehole section at E-15; MaCkenzie (l974c), who studied the IThe possibility that this could be structurally exaggerated makes little difference to the interpretations that follow. 17 cored borehole section at A-73 (near Tenlen Lake), noting a 2. Northeast of Mahony Lake area "zone of floating sand grains" within the Cherty unit, and adding a "porous dolomite unit" above the Cherty unit; and 38.1 m at F-62; 37.2 m at G-22. The Cyclic member Pugh (1983, p. 15) who, in the Peel River map area, traced here is some 20 m thinner than in the nearest sections the above divisions westward, but found it practical for that to the northwest (A-40, noted above). Although this is area to omit the informal names other than Cherty unit. compatible with the general southeasterly thinning trend, it is distinctly thicker than in three of the The present study of the Franklin Mountain Formation Mahony Lake sections. Isopachs of the Franklin in the Great Bear River area defines the extent of the type Mountain Formation (Fig. 7) show that this area (F-62, fades as described by Douglas and Norris (1963), beyond G-22), preserved from post-Ordovician erosion, was at which it passes into the thick sequence of regionally the southeast end of an area in which very thick characteristic grey dolomites. A total of 35 boreholes within carbonate accumulation is indicated the study area have provided data pertaining to all or part of Franklin Mountain Formation. Of these, 23 were drilled into 3. West-southwest of Mahony Lake area the underlying strata. The four members of the Franklin Mountain Formation are described, followed by discussion of 43.6 m at G-78; 39.6 m at K-03; trace at N-28 type lithology. D-02 is chosen as the representative section (argillaceous dolomite)l. Thickness in the order of of the characteristic four-member dolomite fades (see 40 m is compatible with the general southerly or Appendix 2 and cross-section, Figure 21). southeasterly thinning. Similarly, the overall thickness of the Franklin Mountain Formation (below Cyclic member. The Cyclic member was first described in Mount Kindle beds) is found to decrease steadily the subsurface at E-15 by Macqueen and Mackenzie (1973) southeastward from the Peel River area (Fig. 7). In and at A-73 by Mackenzie (1974c) who equated it to the basal contrast, at N-28, the Franklin Mountain Formation argillaceous beds at the type section. This simple designation and its Cyclic member are both anomalously thin; has sufficed throughout the study area. There are 22 moreover, this thinning is bounded by much thicker complete subsurface sections. sections to the east and southeast. Because there is no evidence from underlying Cambrian beds of In the representative section at D-02, the Cyclic previous positive crustal activity at N-28, any uplift member comprises brown to grey-buff, grey to pale buff, in reflected in Franklin Mountain sediments must be new part argillaceous dolomite, with some upward-decreasing, in that area. The position of N-28 relative to paleo interbedded, green-grey, dolomitic shale. The Cyclic structural trends suggests early activity of Keele Arch member dolomite. commonly with some darker coloured areas, is characteristically microcrystalline to aphanitic and 4. Blackwater Lake area variably argillaceous. Uniquely, at E-1I in the south, the beds are in part silty and there are sandy zones. This and 45.1"m at E-l1 (beds are in part silty and include some other lithological variations are dealt with below. sandy zones); 43.0 m at G-22; 33.5 m at 1-54b (no samples). A thickness of 40 m is a reasonable figure Cyclic member distribution follows a distinct pattern. approaching the Bulmer Lake Arch zero edge With two important exceptions (discussed below), all sections (Meijer Drees, 1975, Fig. 9). The granite core of this greater than 60 m thick occur north of 67°N latitude, with a arch is the obvious source for the coarser clastic maximum of 128.9 m at E-15. Between 6]0 and 66°N quartz material at E-ll latitude, the Cyclic member is 58.8 m thick at M-48, and 58.3 m at A-40. Of the 14 sections south of 66°, 11 range in The remaining three sections south of latitude 66°N thickness from a trace to 43.6 m, and these can be grouped as constitute a fifth distinct group: follows: I. Mahony Lake area 5. Lower Keele River area 19.2 m at H-34; 15.5 m at K-76; 43.6 m at D-61 50.3 m at N-62 (argillaceous and calcareous dolomite; (argillaceous dolomite, but no shale); trace at 1-74 silty calcareous shale; some pale green dolomitic (some argillaceous dolomite at the base). This area of shale; trace of anhydrite); >108.5 m at J-65 (beds relatively very thin Cyclic member overlies noticeably silty); 130.5 m (maximum recorded anomalously thin Cambrian beds (see under previous thickness) at L-66. Thicknesses of Franklin Mountain headings); the anomaly is attributed to the presence of sections in this area exceed 500 m, even though Mahony Arch. This same area displays closure of exposed to pre-Devonian and pre-Mesozoic erosion. isopachs in the Franklin Mountain Formation, related Pre-Mount Kindle thicknesses must have been much to thinning (Fig. 7) where strata of that formation more, so that both the reconstructed figures for the were protected by overlying Mount Kindle strata from Franklin Mountain Formation and those of the Cyclic post-Ordovician erosion. We may infer, therefore, member are very close to their counterparts north that at least this part of Mahony Arch continued to be of 67° a positive feature during Cyclic member deposition, and that its activity continued or was renewed The recorded traces of anhydrite at N-62 suggest the sometime prior to Mount Kindle deposition. Pre possibility that part of the Cyclic member there may Mount Kindle uplift, in fact, is indicated by the be an equivalent of Saline River beds (otherwise truncation of Franklin Mountain members, below entirely absent at N-62), or alternatively that Mount Kindle beds, between H-34 and F -62 (cross localized hypersalinity developed initially within this section, Fig. 23) localized area of thicker carbonate buildup. 1 In the absence of radioactivity logs, picking of tops at N-28 was accomplished using drill cutting evidence and deduction: the Franklin Mountain Formation, below Mount Kindle beds, is thin; the upper two thirds appear to be Cherty member; the lower part has some argillaceous dolomite throughout, but is more argillaceous at base; the writer prefers the interpretation of a trace of the Cyclic member and a thin Rhythmic member to the alternative of a thick Cyclic member and no Rythmic member. 18 The gradational nature of the lower contact was only other record of sand in the Rhythmic member is in the discussed under "Saline River Formation". The upper contact Blackwater Lake area (E-ll, G-60) in the form of silty and with the Rhythmic member is conformable and non sandy zones and floating sand grains in mostly pale buff to gradational. dark grey-brown dolomite. In summary, the Cyclic member distribution represents Although the thickness distribution of the Rhythmic the beginning of thick carbonate buildup over a wide area member may be influenced by a time-variable upper contact north of latitude 66°N and in a smaller area in the south, with the Cherty member and certainly by erosion below bounded by submarine highs and Bulmer Lake Arch. Silt younger formations, a general depositional pattern can sized material on the southwest side of the latter area (at nevertheless be gleaned from available data. The thickest J-65) may have heralded the coarser clastic material that sections are in the north, at 0-45 073.1 m) and 0-01 was subsequently to enter the depositional area (see below 068.8 m, overlain by the Cherty member), and other sections under "Type lithology"). in the same general area range from 263.7 m to as little as 112.8 m in thickness (K-24). The apparent tendency for thinner Rhythmic member to be overlain by thicker Cherty Rhythmic member. The Rhythmic member was so named member, which is referred to again below under "Cherty (Norford and Macqueen, 1975) because of its distinctive member", suggests that an average thickness of Rhythmic sedimentary rhythms characteristic of surface exposures in member north of 66°N latitude might be more meaningful. the Franklin and Mackenzie mountains. These rhythms were We find that a mean figure of 250 m compares well to reported (Macqueen and Mackenzie, 1973, p. 184) to be "not thicknesses to the south in the lower Keele River area: apparent" in the cored borehole section at E- I5. Pugh (I983, 247.5 m below the Cherty at J-65; 209.7 m and 208.5 m below p. 15) made only passing reference to this unit because the the sub-Mesozoic unconformity at L-66 and N-62, distinctive rhythms of the Rhythmic member and also the respectively. For the Mahony Lake area, thicknesses of at basal argillaceous Cyclic member both disappear westward in least 200 m are indicated (see cross-section, Figure 23), with Peel River map area. With reference to the overall Franklin a thin 90.8 m at 0-61 being attributed to pre-Mount Kindle Mountain, it was noted (Pugh, 1983) "very generally, the truncation. Eastward, the Rhythmic member thins to around higher in the section, the paler the colours and the coarser 150 m (F-62, G-22). Similarly, 200-150 m thicknesses extend the crystallinity". southward to south of Blackwater Lake area. In the subsurface it is only in a localized area northwest of Keele In the present study area, recognitIOn of the Cyclic River that there is evidence of a significant anomaly: as member below and delineation of the Cherty member above little as 83.8 m of beds at N-28 occupy the interval from the are the means by which the stratigraphic boundaries of the top of the Saline River Formation to what has been picked as Rhythmic member are defined. Although the upper boundary the bottom of the Cherty member, and within this only a cannot be picked on mechanical logs with any consistent trace of the Cyclic member is assumed to be present (see precision, and because the downward disappearance of chert footnote, p. 17); 111.3 m at G-78; 189.0 m at K-03. Although in drill cuttings is not always a practical single criterion for sparsity of chert in the overlying Cherty member in this area, pinpointing the Rhythmic-Cherty contact, a significant and lack of radioactivity log control for N-28 and G-78 make change from darker to paler colour and from fine to more difficult the precise placing of the Rhythmic-Cherty contact, coarse crystalline dolomite is commonly associated with this the fact that at N-28 Franklin Mountain as a whole is also boundary. By these means, the Rhythmic member top has anomalously thin (isopachs, Fig. 7) is compatible with a thin been traced southward from its regionally characteristic Rhythmic member. lithology into more complex carbonate facies, including sand and shale. The foregoing evidence indicates a generally uniform distribution and dolomitization of Rhythmic unit sediments A total of 31 boreholes have penetrated the Rhythmic throughout the area except for the appearance of clay to member within the Great Bear River study area. From these, medium sand-sized clastics in the south, and the possibility of there are 24 complete sections, of which 15, underlying the nearby localized crustal warping. Cherty member, are not eroded. In the representative section at 0-02, the Rhythmic member comprises dolomite, Orill cutting samples from the top of the Rhythmic which in the upper part is pale buff, pale grey and white, member at N-62 were examined by T.T. Uyeno (see micro-, very fine-, fine- and medium-crystalline, and which Appendix 1), but were found to be barren of conodonts. The grades downward to buff-grey to pale buff, microcrystalline Rhythmic member was given a Late Cambrian age by and aphanitic, and in part slightly argillaceous. In the most Macqueen and Mackenzie (I973, p. 183). northerly section (G-02) where drilling terminated within the Franklin Mountain Formation, 198.1 m of strata above total depth have been assigned to the Rhythmic member even Cherty member. The upper part of the Franklin Mountain though there are traces of chert in the drill cuttings. Formation, in which dolomite contains chert, quartz and silicified oolites, was named the Cherty unit by Macqueen Varicoloured beds occur in the Franklin Mountain (I969) during mapping east of the lower Mackenzie River. Formation, and their limits are shown on Figure 7. The most The name, Cherty member, has been used south of 64 0 by northerly record of varicoloured dolomite in the subsurface is Meijer Orees (I 975) and west into the Peel River area by at 0-45. There, the Rhythmic member, overlain only by Pugh (1983). In the present study area, the Cherty member regolith conglomerate of chert and oolitic dolomite, includes is found in 24 boreholes, of which 20 drilled through into the some pink and pale yellow colouring with traces of pale green Rhythmic member. Five of these twenty complete sections and maroon shale. The more strongly varicoloured sections, are overlain by the Upper dolomite member. located in the lower Keele River area, include sand and limestone: at N-62 and 1-01, white, pink, brown, and red The subsurface representative section of the Franklin dolomite and white to buff limestone are in part argillaceous, Mountain Formation (at 0-02) includes a 304.8 m thick silty and sandy, grading to fine and medium grained quartzose section of the Cherty member with regionally characteristic sandstones and red or brown silty shales; at E-30 an lithology: pale buff-grey to very pale buff and white, mostly incomplete section of the Rhythmic member is predominantly coarse crystalline dolomite, with some fine and medium limestone - brown, buff, pink, red-streaked and orange. The crystalline dolomite in the lower part; milky white to very 19 pale buff chert, abundant near the top, and with traces of Mackenzie (J 97 4c) who referred to it as the "porous dolomite clear quartz. Chert and silicified oolite are relatively more unit", in the cored borehole section at A-73 (Tenlen Lake). abundant in the north, but also locally in the south, for Pugh (1983), in delineating the Cherty member I recognized example at C-21, where 330.4 m of fine to very coarse the upper non-cherty dolomite unit consistently occurring crystalline dolomite includes abundant oolitic chert over most of the Peel River area east of Richardson throughout. Mountains. South of latitude 67"N, some pink, red or pale green In the present study area, the Upper dolomite member colouring of the Cherty member dolomite and the presence of is identified in six borehole sections in the north, east and green shale or intercrystalline green clay are another southwest. Assumed limits of the unit are drawn on Figure 7. characteristic feature, one which is confined almost entirely At 0-02, the representative section for the Franklin to the Great Bear River area. The western limit of this Mountain Formation, the Upper dolomite member is made up feature was determined by Pugh (1983, Fig. 7) a little west of entirely of pale to very pale buff and pale grey, medium to longitude 128°W; at this location, no such colouring was coarse crystalline dolomite; it is 8r.l m thick and is overlain recorded in the underlying Rhythmic member. Similarly, in by Mount Kindle brown, micro- to fine-crystalline dolomite. the present area, the varicoloured Cherty member is areally Two sections in the east (45.7 m at F-62 and 35.1 m at G-22) more extensive than the varicoloured Rhythmic member (see, and a section to the southwest (J 3.7 m at K-03) are all of for example, G-22, F-62, 1-54b, G-60). However, in the lower similar lithology but with some green intercrystalline clay, Keele River area, where Rhythmic beds are most intensely and all three underlie "-1ount Kindle beds. The absence of the varicoloured, the Cherty member (where present in the Upper dolomite member below Mount Kindle west of F-62 northern part at B-45, K-14, E-30, C-21) has barely a trace of and G-22 suggests pre-Mount Kindle truncation over Mahony pink or green colouring. This Rhythmic-to-Cherty disappear Arch, to which is also attributed the thin, Cherty section ance of colouring is accompanied in the same area by an at 0-61 (see above). At another section in the southwest increase in incidence and grain size of sand content: at E-30, (H-15), 37.5 m of creamy white to buff and grey (some pink), the basal 49 m consist of dolomite, chert, quartz, and coarse fine, medium and coarse crystalline dolomite underlies Lower and very coarse, subrounded quartzose sand; at B-45 a trace Devonian Fort Norman Formation. of medium grained, rounded quartz sand is found 20 m above the base; at J-65, K-14, and N-28, floating medium and The remaining section is at the most northerly borehole coarse grained rounded quartz sand grains occur near the top; location, G-02. At this locality, 315.5 m are composed of at J-65, the top 10 m of dolomite grade to quartzose sand 256 m of regionally characteristic pale, coarse crystalline stone. South and north of Blackwater Lake area, sandy zones dolomite with some intercrystalline quartz and traces of are present throughout the Cherty member at G-60 and 1-54b. green shale, and an upper 60 m of pale buff to grey and brown, coarse crystalline and fine crystalline dolomite; it is Thickness distribution of the Cherty member is overlain by buff to brown, micro- to fine-crystalline dolomite controlled mainly by pre-Oevonian, pre-Mesozoic and of the Mount Kindle Formation. The appearance of darker present-day erosion. It may be meaningful only where colouring and some fine crystalline dolomite in this uniquely overlain by the Upper dolomite member. Five sections are in thick section suggests a possible transitional or gradational this category: in the north, 359.7 m at G-02, 304.8 m at change from the generally very pale, coarse crystalline Upper 0-02; in the east, 123.7 m at F-62, 126.8 m at G-22; in the dolomite to brown, more finely crystalline Mount Kindle southwest, 177.4 m at K-03. We might reasonably expect dolomite. The implication of a reduced degree of that other eroded sections would be thinner, but, in fact, unconformity between the Franklin Mountain and Mount three are much thicker: 421.5 m at A-40; 429.5 m at K-24; Kindle formations in this northern location close to the and 753.5 m at E-15. Much or most of this thickness at E-15 Anderson Basin may well be related to the stated (Pugh, was argued (Macqueen and Mackenzie, 1973, p. 184) to be 1983) disappearance of this unconformity westward depositional in origin (as opposed to being a result of approaching the Richardson Trough. A further implication repetition by faulting). Both contacts, therefore, are that Upper dolomite beds of post-Early Ordovician age may suspected of being time-transgressive, and there are two be present at G-02 relates favourably to the dating of an observations that are pertinent to this: the apparent Upper dolomite coral as probably Late Ordovician or Silurian tendency of the thinner Rhythmic member to be overlain by by B.S. Norford (quoted l!:1. Pugh, 1983, p. 17)1. The location the thicker Cherty member; for example, 171.3 m and was at N-02, about 200 km southwest of G-02. 753.5 m at E-15 compared with 368.4 m and 304.8 m, respectively, at 0-02; the Cherty and Upper dolomite The Upper dolomite member, therefore, though poorly members are lithologically indistinguishable except on the represented in Great Bear River area, contributes in two basis of chert and quartz content. The lower and upper ways to our understanding of the lower Paleozoic geology: contacts of the Cherty member are, therefore, considered to I. It delineates, by its somewhat peripheral distribution, a be time-transgressive facies-boundary relationships. For an central (Keele Arch) area of deeper truncation of exception to this pattern at the lower contact in the Keele Franklin Mountain beds and also an area over Mahony River area, see below under "Type lithology". Arch of greater pre-Mount Kindle erosion Core samples from E-30 were examined by T.T. Uyeno 2. It provides evidence of possible post-Lower Ordovician (see Appendix I) but were found to be barren of conodonts. Franklin Mountain strata. Conodonts from core samples of the Cherty member at C-21 have been dated as Early Ordovician (LT. Uyeno l!:1. Brideaux Type lithology. Norford and Macqueen's (J 97 5) description et al., 1975). Orill cutting samples from B-45 yielded of the Franklin Mountain type section places 266 m of clearly conodonts dated by T.T. Uyeno as Early Ordovician, early rhythmic dolomite into the Rhythmic member, which includes Arenigian (see Appendix I). clastic quartz with rare beds of medium to very coarse grained quartzose sandstone; it assigns only 14 m of sandy dolomite to the Cherty member. These type section Upper dolomite member. This fourth unit was added at the thicknesses of Norford and Macqueen agree closely with top of the three member Franklin Mountain Formation by those of nearby subsurface sections (see Figure 7). 1"As a colonial coral it is Middle Ordovician or younger" (pers. comm., B.S. Norford, August, 1985). 20 Sand was recorded in both the Rhythmic and Cherty consist of "dark greyish brown and greyish brown dolomite", members in the subsurface. Three borehole sections near to the upper light grey member to be "light greyish brown and and east of the type locality include some sand: sandy zones greyish brown". in the Rhythmic member at E-II and G-60; and sandy zones in the Cherty member at G-60 and 1-54b. Summarizing the The threefold division of the Mount Kindle Formation is clastic input for Keele River area 150 to 200 km northwest of recognized in eight complete borehole sections in the the type locality: some silt and sand during Cyclic southeastern part of the present study area. It is proposed to deposition; fine and medium grained sand, silt and adopt a more concise informal appellation. Because the varicoloured clay during the later part of Rhythmic entire formation is made up of dolomite, and "grey" does not deposition (I-o I, N-62, L-66); coarse and very coarse grained describe the colour, the three units are herein referred to as: sand at the beginning of Cherty member accumulation (E-30). the Basal member, the Lower dark member, and the Upper The coarse grained sand at the base of the Cherty member at pale member. The subdivision is traceable northward from E-30, and the sharp Rhythmic-Cherty contact at E-30 and the type locality almost to Smith Arm. North of latitude C-21 (see Figure 23) may well be related to an "apparent 66°;-J and west of the Franklin Mountains, the Mount Kindle minor unconformity" below the Cherty member, suggested by Formation is undivided. Isopachs and lithofacies of the Norford and Macqueen (1975, p. 9) for the Franklin and .Vlount Y.indle Formation are shown on Figure 8, and eleven Mackenzie mountains. Sand occurrences at the top of the sections are included on cross-sections (Figs. 21-23). Cherty member, (e.g., at J-65, N-28) are not considered to represent one discrete depositional event. Instead, the Basal member. In four subsurface sections within 140 km of topmost sand, especially where associated with green shale the Mount Kindle type locality, the Basal member is made up and red and green colouring, are considered to be features of of dark brownish grey to black, argillaceous and silty, weathering below pre-Mount Kindle or later erosion surfaces microcrystalline dolomite, with some black silty shale; at (see also Pugh, 1983, p. 16). E-II the shale is in part very sandy and contains crinoid ossicles; the cored section at G-52 includes siltstone, crinoid Possible sources for the Franklin Mountain detrital ossicles and solitary corals; in the thickest section (25.9 m at quartz, in particular the very coarse sand (cited above at the G-60) there is some black chert, in part pyritic. Northward, base of the Cherty member at E-30) have not been Basal member lithology varies: at 0-61, 3.0 m of brown-grey determined. The only possible source rocks appear to be flaky shale; at H-34, 5.2 m similar to strata at the type Precambrian igneous rocks and/or Lower Cambrian locality, abundant pyrite at base; at F-62, 0.9 m of buff-grey sandstones. However, there are no known paleo-exposures of pyritic shale, north of which the unit cannot be discerned. these rocks to the south or west of Keele River, and the absence of recorded detrital quartz in Franklin Mountain beds The Basal member at G-52 was cored, and was to the east and north of the type locality does not support described by Meijer Orees (I 975) as lying un conformably on derivation from those directions either. the Franklin Mountain Formation, To the north, between H-34 and F-62 (Fig. 23), the Basal member overlies the Franklin Mountain with angular unconformity. The upper Mount Kindle Formation contact with the Lower dark member is apparently conformable. A gradational upper contact was reported by Meijer Orees (I975, p. 16) in a cored section south of 63°. The name, Mount Kindle Formation, originated with Williams (1922, p. 60; 1923, p. 79b), who used it when describing "grey magnesian limestone" exposed at, and south Lower dark member. In the subsurface section (G-60) of, Mount Kindle in the Franklin Mountains. Two overlapping nearest to the type locality, 25 km southeast of Mount sections (on Mount Kindle and Smith Ridge) were reported by Kindle, the Lower dark member is made up entirely of grey Douglas and Norris (] 963, p. 11, 12) as consisting of fine to brown to dark brown-grey, micro- to very fine-crystalline medium crystalline dolomite, grey and finely vuggy in the dolomite. Northeast of Mount Kindle, borehole sections lower part, and pale brown-grey to pale grey in the upper include dark chert, sometimes abundant, as it is at E-II part. Colonial corals from the basal beds were dated (chert, very dark brown-grey to black, some grey-buff). (Douglas and Norris, 1963) as Late Ordovician (Richmondian) Northward, colours gradually pale: at I-54b, the dolomite is and fossils from beds near the top as early Silurian. The predominantly buff to grey-brown, but the chert is grey same authors (ibid., p. 32-34) also described the Mount Kindle brown to black, and there is some black dolomitic shale. In Formation in Redstone No. I well as brown, fine crystalline the most northerly recorded section (F-62), dolomite is limestone and dolomite. mostly buff in colour, and chert is grey-buff. The thickness of the Lower dark member ranges from The same (Mount Kindle-Smith Ridge) section was 50.6 m (K-76) in the north to more than 100 m near the type described in detail by Norford and Macqueen (1975), who locality, with a maximum of 142.6 m at G-52. The overall defined a threefold subdivision: a basal member, 20.7 m southward trend to thicker sections and darker colours for thick, of argillaceous dolomite and dark shale; a middle both the Basal member (see above) and the Lower dark resistant member, 64.6 m thick, of dark grey dolomite with member is taken to indicate a southward-deepening basin. many corals and some chert; and an upper member, 176.4 m exposed, of grey and pale grey dolomite. The age of the type Mount Kindle was stated (op. cit.) to range from Late Upper pale member. The lithology of the Upper pale Ordovician (basal and middle members) to Early Silurian member varies very little from the characteristic (Llandovery) and possibly later (upper member). dolomite - buff to pale buff, very fine crystalline, some medium crystalline, with intercrystalline porosity and traces Meijer Orees (1975, p. 14-18) described the Mount of pale chert. The most southerly section in the study area, Kindle Formation in the subsurface of the Fort Simpson area G-60, southeast of the type section, includes a middle part of as follows: "basal member of dark grey argillaceous dolomite grey-buff to white, aphanitic to microcrystalline dolomite and silty shale, in places underlain by or interbedded with with traces of dark grey shale. The contact with the Lower sandstone; a lower dark grey fossiliferous dolomite member dark member is picked on the basis of colour change, with a (or facies); and an upper light grey dolomite member (or corresponding subtle change on the gamma-ray trace (see facies)". The dark grey dolomite member was stated (ibid.) to cross-section, Fig. 21). 21 The thickness of the Upper pale member in the A-52, K-03 and N-28 (to the southwest); sub-Arnica subsurface ranges from 65.5 m to 89.9 m. This variation is Formation at K-24-; sub-Mesozoic at G-22; and at present-day considered not to be controlled significantly by erosion of the surface at L-21. upper surface (see below). East-to-west thickening appears The absence of Mount Kindle Formation in the northern to be at the expense of the Lower dark member: in the Franklin Mountains has been attributed to erosion over the north, from 64-.3 m Lower and 67.7 m Upper at F-62 to pre-Devonian Keele Arch (Cook, 1975). Twelve borehole 50.6 m and 86.9 m at K-76; in the south from 14-2.6 m and sections confirm the absence of Mount Kindle beds from the 89.9 m at G-52 to 64-.6 m and 176.4- m at the type section. Assuming minimal erosion of the upper surface prior to lower Keele River area northward (see Figure 8). In three of these sections (C-21, H-61, 1-74-) on the northeast flank of the Tsetso deposition (see below), this relationship is indicative Arch), the Franklin Mountain Formation is overlain by the of an eastward-migrating facies boundary. Tsetso Formation. The pre-Devonian phase of Keele Arch, Wherever the Upper pale member is recognized in the therefore, is pre-Tsetso. subsurface (in nine borehole sections north of latitude 63°N), The coincidence of the north-northwest trending axis of it is overlain unconformably by the Tsetso Formation. the Arch and the approximate line of facies change between Throughout much of the study area, the Mount Kindle subdivided and undivided Mount Kindle strata suggest that Formation has been removed by erosion, particularly over early activity of the Arch may have influenced the Keele Arch (Cook, 1975). The northeast flank of this arch is depositionaJ pattern of Mount Kindle carbonate. reflected in the truncation of subdivided Mount Kindle below Alternatively, that which was to become Keele Arch was Tsetso Formation between 1-74- and H-34- (see Figures 23 simply the 'western' side in juxtaposition with relative and 8). However, Mount Kindle isopachs also reflect that downwarping that took place at the beginning of deposition of elsewhere below Tsetso Formation (and below only Tsetso), the Basal and Lower dark members. The close similarity subdivided Mount Kindle Formation is fairly uniformly between the dolomites of the Upper pale member and distributed. For this reason, and because the Upper pale undivided Mount Kindle indicates that whatever mechanism member is found thickening westward (i.e. toward Keele resulted in the east-to-west facies change ceased to play any Arch), sub-Tsetso erosion of Mount Kindle is considered to be part after deposition of Lower dark dolomite. There is no insignificant (the above-noted truncation against Keele Arch evidence to indicate nondeposition of the Mount Kindle excepted). Thickness distribution, therefore, of the Upper carbonate over Keele Arch. Its absence over the Arch, pale member is assumed to be largely, if not entirely, therefore, is attributed entirely to truncation. On the depositional. northeast side of Keele Arch, this erosion was terminated prior to Tsetso deposition. Undivided. In the northern Franklin and eastern Mackenzie mountains, the Mount Kindle Formation was described by Peel Formation Macqueen (1970, p. 229) as "a monotonous succession of uniform, medium to dark brownish grey, fine to medium The name, Peel Formation, was introduced by Pugh crystalline dolomites" with abundant chert and silicified (1983, p. 20) for a sequence of dolomite rocks making up the fossils. Pugh (1983, p. 18) reported uniform Mount Kindle lower part of a previously unnamed "Upper Silurian-Lower lithology in 4-5 borehole sections east of about longitude Devonian" interval. The formation, the upper of the three 134- ° W in the Peel River area. There was stated (ibid.) to be, sub-units of the Ronning Group! in the Peel River area, was "very little variation from brown, buff, grey, pale buff and defined (op. cit.) as "the pale-coloured, generally micro- to dark brown, very finely to finely and medium crystalline finely crystalline dolomite sequence overlying the Mount dolomite, with some sucrosic texture and some Kindle Formation and overlain by the Tatsieta Formation". intercrystalline and vuggy porosity". The designated type section at Pacific Peel Y.T. F-37 is 350 m thick. "Pale grey and pale buff colouring and Over much of the Great Bear River study area, Mount microsucrosic textures were stated (op. cit.) to be Kindle Formation is absent below Devonian or younger beds "characteristic features of the Peel Formation by which it is and this is especially so outside the southern part. North of easily distinguished from underlying brown, less finely 66° and east of the Franklin Mountains, undivided Mount sucrosic dolomites of the Mount Kindle Formation ..• and Kindle was recorded at only nine widely distributed borehole from overlying aphanitic limestone and pale green locations, from G-02 in the north to G-70 in the south. The micropyritic shale of the Tatsieta Formation, or, where the uniform rock type consists of buff to brown, micro- to fine latter is absent to the east, from overlying brown sucrosic crystalline dolomite with traces of pale chert. The thickest dolomite of the Arnica Formation". recorded section of Mount Kindle, an incomplete 361.2 m at G-70, is made up of grey-buff to grey-brown, micro-, very The Peel Formation is clearly present in its type sense fine- and fine-crystalline dolomite with traces of chert in the at two borehole locations in the northwest of the present upper 120 m, and is situated 55 km southwest of the type study area. At G-02, the interval between characteristic section of subdivided Mount Kindle. To the north, 20 km Mount Kindle below and Tatsieta above is occupied by from F-62 (the most northerly section of subdivided Mount 355.7 m of predominantly pale buff to pale grey, micro Kindle), the undivided equivalent at G-22 is mostly buff, sucrosic dolomite with some medium crystalline dolomite in microcrystalline dolomite with some very pale green shale in the lower part. Some dark grey to black, silty shale was the upper part, and a zone of pink colouring and some white recorded in the upper part of this section, also a basal 4-0 m and pink chert in the lower part. of buff to dark brown dolomite with some grey to dark brown-grey argillaceous dolomite grading to shale. Darker Undivided Mount Kindle Formation thicknesses range coloured dolomite and dark shale were stated by Pugh (1983) from 9.1 m (N-28) to greater than 361.2 m (G-70). Its to be "not characteristic of the Peel Formation"; in the type distribution is controlled by erosion: sub-Delorme Group at section the presence of dark shales in the basal beds was G-70 (in the south); sub-Peel Formation at D-02 and possibly considered to represent interfingering of Road River basinal also at G-02 (in the north); sub-Fort Norman Formation at shale. G-02 is, in fact, located close to Anderson Basin. !See Pugh (J 983) for historical background. 22 At 0-02 the Mount Kindle Formation is overlain by Mountains. As a result of subsequent misuse of this term to 98.5 m of pale buff to pale grey, mostly microsucrosic include widely differing lithofacies, Delorme as a formation dolomite, medium crystalline in the lower 30 m, and, in turn, has been declared obsolete (Morrow and Cook, 1987; Morrow, these strata are overlain by buff to brown, porous, sucrosic in press). On the basis of an in-depth study of the Silurian dolomite of the Arnica Formation. Devonian rock sequence in the northern Mackenzie Mountains, Morrow (in press) has effectively solved the The approximate eastern zero edge of the Peel nomenclatural problem by raising Delorme to group status. Formation (isopachs shown on Figure 8) is extended from the The new group comprises the Tsetso Formation (sandy to Peel River area. The pronounced eastward thinning and argillaceous carbonates) and Camsell Formation (silty absence of Tatsieta Formation at 0-02 testify to pre-Arnica carbonates and evaporites). It was stated (Morrow, in press), truncation of the Peel Formation. The appearance of darker "the Camsell Formation is correlative either in large part or sediments at G-02 suggests proximity to Anderson Basin, and completely with the upper part of the Tsetso outside the area possible transition to Road River-related sediments (as in the of Camsell development". type area, discussed above). It should be noted that Meijer Drees (in press) defines The Mount Kindle-Peel contact was described by Pugh the Tsetso Formation as including evaporite as a minor (1983, p. 21) as "apparently conformable•... may be in part component; the type Tsetso (at 1-15, see below) includes disconformable", and the upper boundary of the Peel subordinate amounts of anhydrite. Formation, "is a paleo-erosional surface at the sub-Devonian unconformity"l. Contact relationships between G-02 and The Delorme Group in the subsurface west of Keele D-02 are shown on the cross-section in Figure 21: possible Arch is represented by five sections of mainly dolomite and disconformity at the lower contact disappearing basinward; anhydrite. Only one of these, at G-70, is complete; 1330.5 m and unconformable at the top below the Tatsieta and Arnica consist of: a lower 335 m of buff and buff-grey to dark brown formations. The Peel Formation was considered by Pugh aphanitic and microcrystalline dolomite, in part anhydritic, (1983) to range from Late Silurian to possibly Early Devonian, with some black dolomitic shale and, near the top, a 6 m zone on the basis of direct paleontological data at three locations with some fine to medium grained quartzose sandstone; an (indicative of a Late Silurian age) and from equivalent upper 995 m of dolomite, mostly buff to grey-brown, micro transitional beds (Early Devonian age). crystalline and aphanitic, with variable amounts of inter bedded anhydrite, and including one 20 m thick zone with some silty, very fine to fine grained quartzose sandstone. Middle Paleozoic stratigraphy East of G-70, 15 km away at 1-5/fW, the top 60 m of an incomplete /f02.3 m thick Delorme section of anhydrite and The natural boundary between lower and middle dolomite is in part silty and sandy to very sandy (very fine to Paleozoic stratigraphy north of latitude 63°N is the sub coarse grained, rounded quartz grains). Devonian unconformity, which, in Great Bear River map West of G-70, 53 km away at 1-70d, more than 2000 m area, was influenced by the first major phase of Keele Arch of anhydrite, with some dolomite, at the bottom of the activity (Cook, 1975). borehole, are assigned to the Delorme Group. The Upper Silurian to Upper Devonian succession to be At K-29, drilling was completed 1258.8 m below the considered under this heading comprises twelve rock units base of the Arnica platform. This section is considered to be that have previously been assigned formational or group Delorme Group, of which the lower 219.5 m are equated with status. They are illustrated on nine maps (Figs. 9-17) and six the Tsetso Formation (Morrow, in press). The K-29 Delorme cross-sections (Figs. 2/f-29). Upper Silurian to Lower section appears to correlate with the incomplete 289.3 m Devonian strata constitute the lowermost three units. They section of dolomite with some anhydrite at B-30, 2/f km are in part laterally equivalent and are characterized by a northeast of K-29 (see cross-section, Figure 25). carbonate-evaporite-detrital facies: Delorme Group, Tsetso and Tatsieta formations. The next four units, also in part Isopachs of the Delorme Group and equivalents are laterally equivalent, comprise Lower to Middle Devonian shown on Figure 10 2. It is evident that, even from only one carbonate-evaporite rocks: Arnica platform, Fort Norman, complete and four incomplete thicknesses, there is a rapid Arnica, and Landry formations. Middle Devonian beds are easterly and northeasterly thinning of the Delorme Group on divided into three units, of which the lowest is the carbonate the western side of Keele Arch. In the Wrigley area, the shale Hume Formation. The upper two Middle Devonian Delorme is found thinning eastward into the type area of the units, along with the lowest Upper Devonian unit, make up Tsetso Formation (Fig. 28), overlain all the way by Fort the Horn River Group: the laterally equivalent Hare Indian Norman anhydrite. A little to the north, the disappearance (grey and black shale facies) and Ramparts (reef facies) of the Delorme Group within the 15 km between B-30 and formations overlain by the Canol Formation (black shale 1-01 (see Figure 25) and the 12 km between B-30 and J-65 facies). Upper Devonian shales of the Imperial Formation are (see Figure 27) is more easily explained simply as depositional found to be the highest rock unit below Mesozoic strata. thinning against Keele Arch and/or partial equivalence to the Arnica platform deposits, than by placing a substantial erosional break between two evaporite sequences with the Delorme Group additional implications of such a model. Support for the continuing emergence of the Keele Arch is given by the The name, Delorme Formation, was introduced by presence of quartzose sandstone within the Delorme Group Douglas and Norris (1961) for a sequence of silty carbonate (G-70, 1-5/fW), probably derived from reworked sandstone rocks in the Root River area of the southern Mackenzie from within the Franklin Mountain Formation. l"sub-Devonian" is used here in an approximate sense only: post-Peel Formation (which may extend into the Lower Devonian); pre-Delorme Group (Upper Silurian to lowest Devonian). 2The inclusion of Arnica platform on this map is explained below under that heading. 23 The contact with the underlying Mount Kindle western side of the area of Tsetso distribution; exceptionally, Formation is exposed in the subsurface only at G-70. There, the most westerly section, at C-2l, comprises only it is abrupt and may be unconformable. The Delorme Group varicoloured dolomite and shale. The one borehole south of is overlain at G-70, 1-5ltw and B-30 by Fort i..Jorman ~he type locality (at C-60) consists entirely of dolomite with anhydrite, and in the more westerly sections at I-70d and some anhydrite. K-29 by Arnica platform dolomite. The suggested depositional thinning indicates that the upper contact is The Tsetso Formation is overlain in eleven sections by conformable. The regional unconformity, therefore, which is Fort Norman anhydrite, with which, locally, it might be referred to herein as "sub-Devonian", may extend below, but confused. The contact is drawn (as at I-5ltb; and see cross not above the Delorme Group. section, Figure 2lt) at the top of the highest red shale or other varicoloured beds. The Delorme Group east of Keele Arch is considered under the following heading. Surface exposures of Tsetso Formation near Fort Norman are listed in Meijer Drees (in press). Two of these exposures, south of Mount St. Charles, were described by Tsetso Formation Morrow and MeijerDrees (1981, p.112, 113) as "silty and sandy dolomite with some chert pebble lenses". The term, Tsetso Formation, derived from the name, Isopachs of Tsetso Formation (Fig. 10) show a bilobate l Tsetso Lake, has been proposed by Meijer Drees (in press) for pattern of distribution • The thickest recorded Tsetso a succession of sandy carbonates, shale and anhydrite section is at 0-13; this apparently almost complete section overlying the Mount Kindle Formation and overlain by the (see cross-section, Figure 2lt) is 359.7 m thick, with other Fort Norman Formation. The type section was selected thicknesses in the south ranging between 200 and 300 m. The (op. dt.) in the Shell Ochre River 1-15 well between borehole northern lobe thins to zero, to the east, west and north, from depths lt633 and 39lt6 ft.; a thickness of 209.lt m. Type a central thickness of 212.1 m at D-61. Thinning below the Tsetso consists of sandy and silty dolomite, quartzose overlying Fort Norman-Arnica formations is considered to be sandstone and some anhydrite. Meijer Drees (in press, Fig. 8) depositional - 81.7 m, for example, at C-21 on the eastern has proposed an informal seven-fold subdivision of the type flank of Keele Arch. Thinning to lt5.7 m at F-62 is erosional section, which includes marker units that can very usefully be at the sub-Mesozoic surface. traced south and north from 1-15. Camsell Formation anhydrite, equivalent to the Tsetso Formation, has been Tsetso thickness distribution is strikingly similar to that delineated east of Keele Arch by Meijer Drees (in press, of the underlying subdivided Mount Kindle Formation (Fig. 8), Figs. 7, 9). indicating related basinal configurations. It has been noted above that the fades change between subdivided and The use of the name, Tsetso Formation, has been undivided Mount Kindle strata was the result of the proto extended to the northern Mackenzie Mountains where, Keele Arch being a positive submarine feature during the together wi th its fades equivalent, the Camsell Formation early part of Mount Kindle deposition. The depositional silty evaporite sequence, the two formations constitute the thinning of the northerly lobe of the Tsetso and the presence Delorme Group (Morrow, in press; and see above under of quartzose sand in several of the more westerly sections Delorme Group heading). suggest that Keele Arch during Tsetso deposition was, in part at least, a land feature exposing the sand-bearing Franklin The present study supports the foregoing assignments Mountain Formation and possibly older strata. In the south, entirely. The following discussion of the Tsetso Formation westward thinning of Tsetso below the Fort Norman recognizes the presence also of a Camsell evaporite Formation is much less pronounced as the Tsetso passes into sequence, and hence of the biformational Delorme Group east the westward-thickening Delorme Group. This boundary, like of Keele Arch, but for simplidty all are being considered as the earlier Mount Kindle fades boundary, is roughly Tsetso Formation. coincident with the axis of Keele Arch. In the absence of direct evidence to the contrary, deposition in this area is Within the area east of Keel Arch there are thirteen assumed to have been continuous over the Arch axis. 2 The borehole sections of Delorme Group, one of which (G-60) presence in the south of quartzose, medium to coarse grained includes the Tsetso type section. These thirteen sections are sand in Tsetso and Delorme beds on either side of the Arch predominantly of Tsetso lithology. Isopachs and lithofades axis (I-15, E-ll, G-70, 1-5ltW) suggests derivation from, and are illustrated in Figure 10. Dolomite-evaporite-clastics proximity to~ exposed lower Paleozoic strata over Keele Arch fades extend some 300 km north from the type section to the north. wherever Devonian rocks are preserved on the east side of Keele Arch. Throughout most of that area north of latitude Referring to Figure 10, the reconstructed isopachs of 6lt°N, Tsetso strata are varicoloured, more intensely so in the the Tsetso-Delorme Group have been drawn to include the north: at H-3lt the section is predominantly dolomite with Arnica platform. The latter was included in this map because sandstone and shale and some anhydrite, and these rocks are of the possibility of partial time correlation (see p. 25). If, coloured pale buff to white, brick-red, maroon, pale purple, however, the Arnica platform were excluded from the pink, purple-brown, and pale green. Very poorly sorted isopachs, the reconstructed zero edge of Tsetso-Delorme quartzose sandstone and/or sandy and silty dolomite, which strata could be drawn very much farther south than is shown were recorded in seven of the sections, occur along the on Figure 10, meaning that sand-bearing lower Paleozoic 1 Anhydrite is dominant in the upper part of the sections at 0-13 and D-61, indicating that the two lobes represent subbasinal developments of Camsell evaporite fades toward the end of Tsetso deposition. This agrees with Morrow (in press), as noted above, that Camsell is correlative with upper Tsetso. For the purpose of this study, Camsell anhydrite is not discussed separately, and therefore these relatively minor developments east of Keele Arch are included under Tsetso Formation. 2 Willow Lake Passage of Williams (1975, p. 32), Keele Arch being McConnell Ridge. 3 Morrow (in press, Fig. 13D) has noted, for the northern Mackenzie Mountains, close petrographic similarity between the sandstone of the Franklin Mountain Formation and that of the Tsetso Formation. 2lt strata could have been exposed over Keele Arch during noticeably with rocks above (except Funeral) and below" and deposition of the Tsetso-Delorme Group. This implies that "crinoids", and by other criteria. the Arnica platform postdated the above-postulated southward transportation of lower Paleozoic sand from Keele The name given by Williams (J 975) is ideally descriptive Arch, and furthermore that, because the sand occurrences in of the unit's stratigraphic position and correlative value, the Delorme and Tsetso beds occur more in the upper part of except that "Arnica", by definition, renders "dolomite" these units, the Arnica platform is entirely younger than superfluous. The more concise "Arnica platform", therefore, those units. is used herein. The Tsetso Formation lies unconformably on the Mount Kindle Formation, which is found truncated below the Tsetso To the seven of Williams' borehole sections that are on the northeast flank of Keele Arch. The upper contact north of latitude 63°N, the present report adds another three with Fort Norman anhydrite is apparently conformable, and close to the northeast zero edge of the Arnica platform on may be gradational in the southern part (I-54b, etc.). the flank of Keele Arch. Of these ten sections, six comprise dark grey and brown dolomite with the darkest at the more Westward, the Tsetso Formation is the silty carbonate southwesterly locations: very dark grey to black, at I-70d; and sandstone facies of Delorme Group in the Mackenzie and very dark brown-grey at G-70. Buff and brown dolomite Mountains. The Tsetso may be in part equivalent to the make up the Arnica platform closer to Keele Arch, at J-65, Tatsieta Formation in the Peel River area. 1-01 and J-42. The platform dolomite is generally microcrystalline, locally very fine to fine crystalline. At B-30, the lower, somewhat dolomitic part (J 17 m) of the Fort Tatsieta Formation Norman Formation (see Figures 25, 27) is recognized as Arnica platform equivalent, following Williams' (j975, p. 33) assignment on the basis of fossil evidence. In the subsurface, The name, Tatsieta Formation, was introduced by Pugh the Arnica platform thickens southwesterly from 94.5 m at (J 983, p. 25) to refer to a "thin sequence of limestone and 1-01 to a maximum recorded 219.5 m at I-70d. green shale at the base of the subsurface Devonian system" in the Peel River map area. At its type section, the R.O.C. It will be seen below that the value of the Arnica Grandview Hills No. I (A-37) borehoIe at latitude 67°N, the platform as a correlative marker is appreciated when viewed Tatsieta Formation consists (op. dt.) of "61 m of pale buff within the framework of Lower and Middle Devonian rocks. aphanitic limestone, some white 'chalky' limestone and some The interval from the top of the Delorme Group to the base pale green micropyritic shale and it includes in the top 10 m of the Hume Formation is occupied in the subsurface by pale grey very silty dolomite". It lies between the Peel basically three lateral-facies-related units, commonly Formation below and Arnica Formation above. Type encountered, in ascending order: Fort Norman, Arnica and lithology was stated (op. cit.) to extend northeastward from Landry formations. The Arnica platform, described by Peel River. An eastern depositional edge was drawn west of Williams (J 975) as marking the base of the Arnica Formation, longitude 129°W. was stated (j 975, p. 34) to "be expected to become evaporitic eastward". Therefore, because the Fort Norman-Arnica One borehole section of Tatsieta Formation is boundary is an eastward-migrating, time-transgressive facies identified in the extreme north of the present study area (see relationship I, the Arnica platform may be expected to pass Figure 10). At G-02, the Peel to Arnica interval, 17.7 m eastward into (not necessarily either at the base or at the thick, comprises white to pale buff aphanitic limestone, pale top) the Fort Norman Formation. This understanding is at green to pale green-grey micropyritic shale, and some the basis of the correlations presented in this report: in the creamy white, microcrystalline, calcareous dolomite. south, as a facies equivalent at the top and in the middle of the Fort Norman Formation through G-70 and I-54W (see The Tatsieta Formation, which was recognized by Pugh cross-section, Figure 28); and farther north, as a fades (op. cit.) to be a key marker unit throughout most of the Peel equivalent at the base of the Fort Norman Formation through River area, is now found to persist unchanged north to the K-29, B-30 and 1-01 (see cross-section, Figure 27). The Arctic Ocean. The present study has no data to contribute to implication from these relationships - that the Arnica the understanding of relationships between the Tatsieta and platform may be, itself, a time-transgressive rock unit - does possible equivalents within the southern part of Great Bear not invalidate Williams' (j 975, p. 34) interpretation of this River area. Tatsieta isopachs and lithofacies have been unit "as a blanket carbonate deposited during a major included on the Delorme map (Fig. 10) to give recognition to transgressive pulse". It does mean, however, that there is a the possibility of correla'tion. possibility of the Arnica platform being in part time correlative with the topmost beds of the Delorme Group. It is for this reason that the Arnica platform has been included Arnica platform in Figure 10 directly southwest of Keele Arch (B-30, etc.) where it has been recognized as a basal equivalent within the Fort Norman Formation and where the Delorme Group has Williams (J 975) coined the term "Arnica platform thinned to zero. dolomite" for a marker unit at the base of the Arnica Formation. The recognition of this marker contributed toward relating the Delorme Group and Arnica formations of It was reasoned above that, rather than being time the mountains to their equivalents below the Mackenzie equivalent, the Arnica platform may be younger than the Plains. Williams (j 975) listed eight borehole and three Delorme Group or the Tsetso Formation, depending on the surface sections of Arnica platform dolomite with footage derivation of the sand found within the upper parts of the statistics, criteria for recognition, and the nature of latter units. The inclusion of the Arnica platform in underlying and overlying strata. Of the eleven sections, eight Figure la may also, therefore, serve to inspire further were recognized (op. cit., p. 33) by "dark colour, contrasting study. 1 Williams (j97 5, Fig. 7.3), and demonstrated by Pugh (J 983). 25 Fort Norman Formation of Lower and Middle Devonian carbonates over at least part of Keele Arch is indicated by the following: The term, Fort Norman Formation, has been introduced L The fact that the Arch is clearly outlined by an absence of evaporite and by an overall marked by Meijer Drees (in press) for the surface anhydrite-dolomite thinning of evaporite on both flanks succession that is the lateral facies equivalent of the surface breccias constituting most, but not all, of the Bear Rock 2. The reported presence of quartzarenite sandstones in Formation (originally defined by Hume and Link, 1945, and the Bear Rock (Fort Norman) Formation near Keele extended to the subsurface by Tassonyi, 1969). The name was Arch (Morrow and Meijer Drees, 1981, p. 112, 113) derived from the settlement of Fort Norman, in which area 3. The occurrence of some fine clastic material in post the formation was previously mapped by Tassonyi (1969) as anhydrite Landry strata southwest and northeast of the Evaporite member of the Bear Rock Formation. Because the Arch, and of traces of pink colouring in Landry it was seen that the stratigraphic relationships between the limestone at C-21 (see Figure 12). Fort Norman Formation and its facies equivalents can be more easily studied to the south near Fort Simpson, the type This possibility of nondeposition is expressed on section was chosen to be in the Fina Willow Lake L-59 well. Figure 12 as a speculative zero edge in the present Fort This location is south of the present study area. It was stated Norman area. (Tassonyi, 1969) that at its type locality, the Fort Norman Formation lies between the Tsetso Formation below and the Arnica Formation above. Arnica and Landry formations In the subsurface of the study area, the Fort Norman Formation has been drilled in 39 boreholes, and, of these, The names, Arnica and Landry formations, which 25 are complete sections. Drill cuttings indicate a originated with Douglas and Norris (1961) in their study of characteristic lithology of pale anhydrite with minor amounts the Camsell Bend - Root River - Virginia Falls map areas, of dolomite. Exceptionally, dolomite appears to predominate have been used progressively northward in surface mapping in the upper part at two locations in the southeast, at E- 11 (Gabrielse et al., 1973; Aitken and Cook, 1974). Pugh (1983) and 1-15, and also in the southwest at K-29. Solution breccia used the two names in describing the subsurface of Peel equivalents of the Fort Norman Formationl occur at J-65 River map area and designated R.O.C. Grandview Hills No. 1 and 1-01 (see map, Fig. 11) close to the truncated edge on (A-37) well as the representative borehole section. Reasons Keele Arch. were given (Pugh, 1983, p. 25) for declaring obsolete the name, Gossage, superseded by Tatsieta, Arnica and Landry Isopachs of the Fort Norman Formaticn on Figure 11 formations. Arnica dolomite was described (Pugh, 1983, show the depositional thickness distribution below the over p. 27) as "generally brown and buff, finely crystalline and lying and lateral-facies-related Arnica Formation. Fort characteristically in part sucrosic with common inter Norman evaporites accumulated in three roughly lenticular crystalline and vuggy porosity" and Landry limestone as bodies. In the south, one of these bodies is more than one "generally pale buff in the lower part to chocolate brown at thousand metres thick at its centre, and passes the top and is aphanitic, variably argillaceous and pelletal". southwestward ward into the dolomite facies equivalent The contact between the two units was placed "at the base of Arnica Formation, thinning rapidly northward to zero edge the stratigraphically lowest limestone", the nature of the against Keele Arch, and is apparently continuous with the contact reflecting "a pulsating, but overall easterly, other two bodies through 200 to 300 m thick corridors to the migration of the dolomite-limestone depositional boundary". northeast and northwest. To the northeast, somewhat elongate, and parallel to Keele Arch, the second body is The above descriptions of lithology have been found to possibly 400 m thick, and exhibits pronounced peripheral apply consistently over the wide range of their distribution thinning to a zero edge. To the northwest, also reaching within the present study area, enabling straightforward close to 400 m, a small lenticular area extends farther identification of 53 Arnica-Landry borehole intervals. Of northwestward to a more even distribution and reaches a these, 41 were complete Arnica and Landry sections. depositional edge in the Peel River area. Variations do occur, and it is on the characteristic lithological background that they gain significance. They will The Keele Arch area appears not to have been be discussed under two headings: favourable for the precipitation of Fort Norman evaporite. At C-21, it is definitely absent; the Arnica rests directly on I. Southwest of Keele Arch the Tsetso Formation. The question then arises as to whether or not Keele Arch was exposed at the time of Fort Norman In the thicker sections southwest of Keele Arch evaporite deposition, and, if it was not, whether Arnica there is clearly a southwesterly trend to darker, dolomite deposition was occurring over part or all of the area increasingly argillaceous carbonates. At I-70d, the contemporaneously with deposition of Fort Norman 1288.7 m of Arnica dolomite is mostly grey or buff evaporite. It will be seen under the next heading that the grey, micro- to very fine-crystalline and micro Arnica-Landry interval preserved below overlying Hume sucrosic, and includes about mid-section 100 m of Formation at C-21 is significantly thicker than the sub-Hume brown-grey to black argillacous limestone. At this section at 1-74, 30 km to the northeast (see Figure 25). The locality, the Arnica is overlain by characteristic whole facies-related Fort Norman-Arnica-Landry package, chocolate- and buff-brown aphanitic Landry however, thins westward toward Keele Arch. It is probable, limestone. This is one instance in the Great Bear therefore, that the lower part of the Arnica at C-21 is, in River area where the "stratigraphically lowest fact, equivalent to the Fort Norman, and that Arnica limestone" criterion (Pugh, 1983) for placement of carbonate began to build up at C-21 at the same time as the Arnica-Landry contact requires a modifier to precipitation of anhydrite northeastward. However, the recognize interfingering of basinal limestone (Funeral possibility that Keele Arch contributed to the nondeposition - see below) within the Arnica dolomite. 1 Bear Rock Formation in surface sections (Morrow and Meijer Drees, 198 I). 26 The transition to basinal fades is more pronounced 2. Northeast of Keele Arch in the Keele-Redstone rivers area, particularly in the Landry Formation. At G-51p, an incomplete (at Arnica dolomite northeast of the Arch varies 698 m) Arnica section, exhibiting both a trend to essentially only in its finer crystal size from the evaporite facies and, at the top, dark grey dolomite regionally familiar buff to brown, sucrosic lithology. with relict pelletal structure, is overlain by aphanitic, It is generally microcrystalline, and in drill cuttings pelletal Landry limestone ranging in colour from grey may locally appear almost "earthy" or "chalky" buff to black, and grading to black calcareous shale. textured, and may look quite unfamiliar where Toward Keele Arch from G- 51 p, aphanitic and bituminous residue superimposes a pattern of micrograined limestone with traces of pelletal microspecks and streaks. Porosity is more commonly structure is in part argillaceous and silty, and grades pinpoint or vuggy, rather than the usual to dark grey-brown, silty, calcareous shale. This intercrystalline. observed distribution of fine clastic material indicates derivation from Keele Arch, with the silt settling Of the 14- Arnica-Landry borehole intervals locally on the southwest flank, and the clay passing northeast of the Arch, 12 subcrop below Mesozoic basinward. Although darker rocks in the more strata. Two complete and six truncated sections of southwesterly sections bear witness to basinward Landry are available, and, of these, two display sedimentation throughout the entire Arnica-Landry a-characteristic features: at C-21, traces of pink interval, clastic input from Keele Arch appears to colour, otherwise buff to brown limestone; at N-70, have been confined to the time of later Landry much of the aphanitic limestone is argillaceous, some deposition. grading to very calcareous shale, some very pyritic, and some with thin veins and inclusions of pink calcite. Douglas and Norris (1961) have shown that, south of latitude 63°N in the Camsell Bend and Root River Two sections northeast of Keele Arch pose areas, the upper part of the Arnica Formation and all contact problems, for which the "stratigraphically of the Landry Formation together pass into a shaly lowest limestone" criterion (Pugh, 1983) is limestone unit known as the Funeral Formation. unsatisfactory: at C-21, the interval is almost Douglas (1974-) used the name Funeral to the north in equally divided into a fourfold dolomite-limestone surface mapping to Dahadinni Range, the area of the dolomite-limestone sequence; at F -4-9, the lower 1973 borehole I-70d. Meijer Drees (1980), describing 30 m consists of interbedded limestone and dolomite, Lower and Middle Devonian units in M-4-3 borehole, 3 m of pale green shale in the middle, and the upper assigned the entire interval between the Bear Rock part comprises 18 m of Arnica dolomite and 7 m of (now Fort Norman) and Headless (lower part of Hume) Landry limestone. As it is not the precise placing of formations to the Funeral Formation. The present the Arnica-Landry boundary that is important in the writer disagrees with the use of the name Funeral in context of a regionally recognized lateral facies any of the borehole sections encountered within the relationship, it is of little concern whether we have study area. At I-70d, where Funeral was used for tongues of Arnica in Landry or tongues of Landry in surface exposures (Douglas, 1974-), the Arnica-Landry, Arnica. The writer feels free, therefore, to break as stated above, varies from regionally characteristic the rule for the 'special' area northeast of Keele fades only to the extent of exhibiting grey Arnica Arch. For the sake of providing a boundary, the top dolomite and a relatively thin interval of basinal of the highest dolomite has been chosen for these two limestone. To designate this darker interval a tongue sections (C-21, F-4-9), but they may equally well be of the Funeral Formation might well be meaningful in labelled, Arnica-Landry undivided. the context of a regional understanding of the depositional environment. Similarly, the Landry section of G-51p would be usefully recognized as a The only depositionally controlled thickness variation transitional facies (to the Funeral Formation). If, northeast of Keele Arch lies between C-21 and 1-74- (30 km farther southwestward (basinward), there are sections apart), where Landry is overlain by Hume Formation. that show that most or all of the Delorme-Hume Thicknesses of Arnica and Landry formations increase from interval comprises predominantly basinal deposits, 15.2 m and 22.6 m, respectively, at 1-74-, to 99.4- m and then the Funeral Formation, in the sense of its use by 35.4- m at C-21, a substantial thickening toward the Arch. Douglas and Norris (1961), would appear to be an ideal However, as discussed under the previous heading, it is appellation. On the other hand, to extend the Funeral probable that part of the Arnica at C-21 is isochronous with into the known Arnica-Landry territory of this report Fort Norman anhydrite at 1-74. would merely obscure shelf relationships. Minor amounts of shale occurring in the Landry do not make In summary, the Arnica and Landry formations are it non-Landry technically or usefully. remarkably consistent rock stratigraphic units from the southern to the northern limits of the study area. They are bounded along possibly the entire western side by a transition One other recorded occurrence of dark shale into basinal units: the Funeral, Red River, Sombre and Road deserves mention. In the extreme north, at G-02, a River formations in the southern part; the Road River 196.6 m thick section of otherwise characteristic Formation in Peel River area; and assumed basinal facies Landry limestones includes throughout some west or northwest of G-02 in Anderson Basin in the north. interbedded shale, mostly dark brown-grey to black. Their eastern limit is erosion-controlled below Mes0zoic Several similar sections in the Peel River area have strata. It is possible that these units were not deposited been assigned (Pugh, 1983, p. 28) to a band of along the crest of Keele Arch, and that, in the later part of transitional facies (the Road River Formation) along this interval, submarine scouring of exposed lower Paleozoic the east side of Richardson Trough. Likewise, the shales and varicoloured carbonates contributed fine clastic section at G-02 may represent Landry in transition to material and traces of pink colouring to nearby Landry Anderson Basin equivalents. sediments. 27 In the southeast corner (Fig. 12), the 50 m isopach of members together are to be equated to Nahanni Formation, is Arnica-Landry (preserved below the Hume Formation) a question which should be resolved from a surface-to suggests depositional thinning over Liard Ridge (after subsurface study, which is outside the scope and area of this Williams, 1975). It would be reasonable to postulate that the report. Pending such work, and as the Middle member in the coaxial Keele Arch-Liard Ridge provided the modification in subsurface is clearly not Headless shale, the three sub-units the nearshore marine environment that is reflected in the of the Hume Formation are referred to herein as the chalky-textured carbonates and locally occurring green shale Headless Member and the Middle and Upper members. and pyrite. Isopachs and lithofacies of the Hume Formation and the Headless Member are shown on Figure 13. Hume sections are included in all five Devonian stratigraphic cross-sections, Hume Formation Figures 24-28. The historical development of the term, Hume Headless Member Formation, was given previously (Pugh, 1983, p. 29) for the Peel River area. Bassett (1961, p. 486, 487) designated a At the most southerly location, G-70, nearest to the type section on the Hume River (see Figure 13, this report) Headless Formation type locality, the Headless Member and gave a description outlining a fivefold division. consists of grey, pale grey, grey-buff, micrograined, Subsequently, similar subdivisions were recognized by argillaceous and silty limestone, which is in part bioclastic, Tassonyi (1969, p. 62) in the Norman Wells area and by Pugh and in part pelletalj and much grey to very dark grey and (1983) in the southeastern part of Peel River map area. Pugh black shale. Black shale in the Hume Formation is confined found that the fivefold division thicknesses in the subsurface to the Headless Member and observed in a dozen borehole closely resembled those of the type area, but differed from sections southwest of Keele Arch. The more basinward those reported by Tassonyi (1969). Inability to carry the type section at G-51p is predominantly dark grey to black, area subdivisions far, either to the west, north or east, was calcareous shale, with interbedded grey to grey-buff, attributed (Pugh, 1983, p. 29) to "evidently rapid facies micrograined, partly argillaceous limestone. Closer to the changes", and for that reason the sub-units were not formally Arch, at B-30, where the Headless limestone is aphanitic to recognized. Borehole section F -57 m, from the Peel River micrograined with traces of pelletaJ structure, it resembles area, is reproduced on the cross-section in Figure 26 (this the Landry Formation, but includes some silty and report), and the fivefold division of the type area is calcareous, dark brown-grey to black shale. Even closer to correlated from this locality southward into a widely Keele Arch, sections at 1-0 I and J -65 are made up of the recognizable threefold Hume subdivision (see below). more familiar argillaceous and bioclastic limestone with grey, calcareous shale, and this same lithology characterizes The overall Hume lithology, which is consistent the Headless Member in all other sections, northwest to the throughout both the Peel River and Great Bear River map Peel River area, and in erosional outliers of the Hume areas, comprises bioclastic, fossiliferous and argillaceous Formation northeast and southeast of Keele Arch. limestone and interbedded grey or green-grey calcareous shale. It is the vertical distribution of shale strata and their The remarkably persistent uniformity of individual beds degree of areal persistence on which the Hume subdivision is throughout the area of Headless distribution, as revealed on founded. Cross-section F -57 to K-71 (Fig. 26) shows the the sonic-gamma ray trace, and its conformable lower and correlation of Hume sub-units southeastward from the upper contacts, give diagnostic value to the isopachs fivefold division of the type area. The upper part of the (Fig. 13). Drawn at 10 m intervals, they show very clearly Hume at F -57 is a limestone-shale-limestone sequence that the nature of the depositional thinning and the reflection in can be traced some 50 km through H-40 to J-48, beyond this of Keele Arch. In contrast to the gradual thinning that which the thin middle shale unit pinches out. The Hume at can be seen eastward through the Blackwater Lake area and K-03, therefore, comprises the type locality Lower and northward through the Norman Wells area, the Headless is Middle members and an Upper member that is an undivided seen to thin rapidly on the southwestern flank of Keele Arch. composite of the upper three sub-units of the type area. The Reasonable projection of the 10 m isopach from A-37b threefold membership at K-03 continues southeastward to eastward to take into account the 31.7 m of Headless at K-71, and with continuing uniformity southward (Fig. 27) C-21, and southward to Stewart Lake area, outlines a from J-65 to G-70. The Lower member, thus correlated probable area of little or no deposition. Because the isopachs from type area to G-70 is found to be precisely the Headless of total Hume follow the same pattern as the Headless Formation as defined by Law (1971, Fig. 26)1, thereby isopachs, reconstructed Hume isopachs have been drawn agreeing with Law (1971, p. 451) that the Headless and lower (Fig. 13) around an assumed nondepositional area over the Hume of Bassett (1961) are correlative. crestal area of the Arch. Southward there appears to be much less pronounced influence along the axis of the Arch on South of the present study area, the Headless Headless (and Hume) deposition. Formation shale is overlain by Nahanni Formation limestone. Referring to Douglas and Norris's (1960) finding that on the The lower boundary of the Headless is placed where Headless Range of the southern Mackenzie Mountains, buff, brown, aphanitic and pelletal Landry limestone changes Nahanni limestones grade laterally into shales that were to grey, argillaceous, bioclastic limestone and interbedded included in the Headless Formation, Law (1971, p. 452) shale. Ability to pinpoint consistently this lower contact suggested that this upper Nahanni-facies-equivalent part of requires careful sonic-gamma ray log correlation in addition the Headless "should perhaps be called by a different name". to sample examination, suggesting that there is some degree Whether the upper Hume alone, or the upper and middle of gradational change. This is supported by the occasional 1This disagrees with Meijer Drees' (1980, p. 20 and Fig. 4) statement that "the Lower and Middle members are approximately equivalent to the Headless Formation as defined in the subsurface by Law (1971)". Comparison of the Hume section at G-70 and 1-46 in Meijer Drees' Figure 24 and in Law's Figure 26, shows clearly that Law's Headless equates only with about the lower two thirds of Meijer Drees' Lower member, which renders Meijer Drees' statement (op. cit.) invalid. 28 appearance of Landry-like limestone in Headless samples (as, probably also at M-43 (see Figure 24). Characteristic Hume for example, at B-30, mentioned above). The upper contact lithology is found as far north as G-02: grey-buff to grey is more easily drawn at the top of a prominent shale interval brown and white, argillaceous, fossiliferous limestone, and below an equally prominent limestone unit that is conspicuous grey, calcareous shale. A possible subdivision into a more both on sonic (see Figure 27) and electric log (see Figure 26) shaly lower part and a predominantly limestone upper part traces. indicate a close relationship wi th the southern Hume. At M-63, the Franklin Mountain, Cherty member, is Middle member overlain by 349 m of limestone at the top of the borehole. The lower 129 m of this is characteristic Landry limestone, The Middle member turns out to lie both lithologically buff coloured with some brown, and aphanitic with traces of and stratigraphically between the shale-rich Headless pellets. This is overlain by 220 m of greyish, argillaceous, Member below and the essentially non-shale Upper member. fossiliferous limestone, and buff, calcareous, very micaceous The Middle member comprises bioclastic, fossiliferous shale, and includes a 10 m interval of limestone with breccia limestone with varying amounts of argillaceous limestone and .like structure and black, noncalcareous pellets (see interbedded calcareous shale. The argillaceous content Appendix 2 for more detail). This is assigned to a localized increases northward. It is very sparse in the south at G-70 variant of the Hume Formation, the only possible, but less and A-12 (Fig. 27) but yet serves to distinguish Middle from likely alternatives being anomalous equivalents of the upper Upper on sonic-log trace. From K-71 to the Peel River area, Landry or Hare Indian formations. the limestone-shale ratio approaches Headless 'Itlember proportions. The Middle member there is reliably distinguished from the Headless by the prominent basal Horn River Group limestone below which the contact has been drawn. At B-30, the Middle member includes some argil The name, Horn River, made its stratigraphic debut as laceous, calcareous siltstone, which at that location suggests a label for a few metres of shale northwest of Great Slave derivation from Keele Arch, supporting the postulation that Lake (Whittaker, 1922). Its subsequent redefinition and the Arch was not entirely covered by Hume sediments. various applications and correlations were discussed and summarized by Pugh (1983, p. 31, 32), who proposed that The age of the Middle member at M-43 has been Horn River should be raised to group rank to include, in the determined as Middle Devonian, Eifelian, by A.E.H. Pedder north, the Middle Devonian Hare Indian and Ramparts (Appendix I). formations and the Upper Devonian Canol Formation. This was shown (Pugh, 1983), not only to integrate into one stratigraphic package the variety of seemingly different Upper member meanings of the name, Horn River, but also to give a nomenclatural identity to a "unique sedimentary interval of The Upper member of the Hume Formation is regional transition" from lower Paleozoic carbonates to upper characterized by grey to grey-buff, grey-brown and white, Paleozoic clastics. micrograined, bioclastic, fossiliferous, nonargillaceous limestone. Northward, however, there is some argillaceous The Horn River Group in the present study area was content: northwest at K-03, a mid-section shale unit appears studied in 42 borehole sections, the data from which were that extends into the Peel River area to become one of the used to compile three isopach and Iithofacies maps five subunits of the type Hume Formation (discussed earlier); (Figure 14, of the Horn River Group and Ramparts at C- 21 (see Figure 25) the thickening of the Middle member Formation; Figure 15, of the Bluefish Member; Figure 16, of at the expense of the Upper member suggests that the lower the Canol Formation). Sections are included in all five, part of the Upper member is argillaceous. Uniquely, at J-65, Devonian cross-sections (Figs. 24-28). on the western flank of Keele Arch, the Upper member is entirely buff to white, fine to coarse crystalline dolomite, probably related to reefoid facies of which there are Hare Indian Formation occurrences at several locations to the north (Fig. 13). The name, Hare Indian Formation, developed from the The Middle-Upper contact was drawn as an extension original term, Hare Indian River Shale, of Kindle and from the type area. Southeastward from the base of a major Bosworth (1921). Hare Indian has consistently been applied to limestone unit at F-57 m, it falls at the base of essentially the shale facies equivalent of the Ramparts Formation. Pugh nonargillaceous limestone constituting the upper one third of (1983, p. 32, 33) discussed the need to redefine the criterion the Hume Formation. This rule applies south all the way to for the Hare Indian-Ramparts contact. It was demonstrated G-70 and from there east into the Blackwater Lake area (op. cit.) that the contact could be picked unvaryingly (Fig. 28). This lower contact of the Upper member appears throughout the complex reef-to-shale facies relationships on to be an approximate timeline, with the exception of the the basis of assigning all quartz siltstone and sandstone to above-mentioned, suspected facies boundary at C-21. members of the Ramparts Formation. The provision was included that "Hare Indian shales locally may be very silty, The upper contact of the Hume Formation with the grading to argillaceous fine-grained siltstone in the upper Hare Indian Formation is abrupt but with no evidence of part". A basal, black shale unit was given (op. cit.) formal erosion. This agrees with previous observations (Bassett, recognition as the Bluefish Member, and the previously 1961, p.487; Tasonyi, 1969, p.66, who allowed for the Unnamed part (Tassonyi, 1969, p. 71) was referred to (Pugh, possibility of localized erosional surfaces on bioherm tops; 1983) informally as the Grey shale member. and Pugh, 1983, p. 30). Where, therefore, the Ramparts Formation is absent, the Horn River Group becomes a black-grey-black all-shale Undivided Hume Formation unit in which the Hare Indian Grey shale separates the Bluefish Member from the Canol Formation. In the Peel In the northern part of the study area the Hume River area the Grey shale member becomes black as Horn Formation is present in borehole sections G-02 and D-02, and River units are traced westward. Pugh (1983) developed 29 gamma-ray criteria for the westward-continuing recognitIOn member farther east at 1-15 (below the Grey shale member) of the Bluefish Member at the base of the resultant aU-black and at G-60 (below Ramparts). The Bluefish Member at B-30 Horn River (Formation), in which the Grey shale member and J-65 on the southwest flank of Keele Arch also varies could no longer be discerned. For practical purposes of from the characteristic pattern in that some limestone surface mapping in the Peel River area, the assignment of occurs throughout entirely noncalcareous shale sections. This black shale to Canol, because all Canol is black, is may indicate, when considered with the somewhat more understandable and acceptable even though technically pronounced thinning in that area, an approaching depositional incorrect (Pugh, 1983, p. 38). However, the application of edge. Reconstructed isopachs have been drawn to enclose an that practice in the Great Bear River area will now be seen area of less than 10 m thickness over the Arch. They could to be unacceptable. equally well be drawn to outline an area of nondeposition. Beginning from F -57m (see Figure 26) where the Horn In contrast to the uniform basinward thickening evident River Group includes the two-member Hare Indian, three south of Keele Arch, isopachs of the Bluefish Member member Ramparts and the Canol Formation, these sub-units (Fig. 15) to the north indicate an irregular distribution: are carried eastward to H-40. The line of cross-section then thickening northeastward from Fort Norman; localized leaves the reef (see also Figure 14), so that only the black thinning, thickening and variation in basal limestone content grey-black, all-shale, Hare Indian-Canol version of Horn between Fort Norman and the Peel River area. These River Group is present at J-48. The next step on the cross variations may reflect irregularities in sea-floor topography, section leads to K-03, southeast of the reef, where there is a distinct possibility in that area, where evidence of an all-black shale Horn River section. Continuing the biohermal development has been recorded in the underlying correlation southward, via Figure 27, to G-70, the section Hume Formation (see under previous heading). passes through some interesting grey-black relationships, which amply prove that there is more to Horn River black The lower contact with the Hume Formation is sharp, shale than just Canol, and more to Hare Indian black shale and apparently conformable, but there could be localized than just Bluefish. In view of the foregoing correlation, it is erosional surfaces on top of Hume bioherms. The upper proposed to distinguish Hare Indian black shale facies by contact has been picked using the criterion proposed by Pugh increasing the membership of the Hare Indian Formation to (1983, p. 34), "at the top of the zone of ultra high sonic include the Bluefish, Grey shale and Black shale members. gamma ray log trace and where the upward change from bituminous to non-bituminous is gradual, the contact is at the base of the gradation". This not only coincides perfectly with Bluefish Member. The term, Bluefish member, was a colour change from black or brown-black to brown-grey first used by R.J. Kirker in a presidential address in 1962 to where the Bluefish is overlain by the Grey shale member, but the Alberta Society of Petroleum Geologists. Tassonyi is an equally valid criterion for establishing the contact (1969), for lack of a suitable type section, postponed formal between the Bluefish and Black shale members (as, for recognition in favour of "Spore-bearing member". Mackenzie example, at K-71 and A-37s, Figure 26). This confirms (1972) gave potential economic importance to this thin Pugh's (op. cit.) finding that in the subsurface, the Bluefish bituminous member and reported beds of fibrous calcite with Member can be easily distinguished at the base of an all cone-in-cone structure persisting within the member black Hare Indian shale, a valuable stratigraphic tool as well throughout the Lower Mackenzie and Anderson River area. as a certain indicator that, within the family of Horn River Pugh (1983, p. 33) reinstated the earlier name to give this black shales, the Bluefish shale is different. unit formal definition, and selected Powell Creek as the type section, one which had been described by Mackenzie (1972). A subsurface reference section was designated 60 km north Grey shale member. The characteristic feature of the of the type locality, a section selected "in order to emphasize Grey shale member in the Peel River area was described by the inclusion of the basal limy beds within the Bluefish Pugh (1983) as "gradation from dark brown-grey, rarely black, Member, rather than at the top of the underlying Hume at the base immediately above the Bluefish Member, upward Formation" (Pugh, 1983). A second reference section was through brown-grey, progressively paler to grey, green-grey suggested (op. cit.) at Mac No. 1 borehole (J-76), it having or buff-grey and, in the thicker sections, to pale grey at the been reported by Mackenzie (1972) to be the only subsurface top." The grey shales were further described (op. cit.) as, occurrence of Bluefish fibrous calcite in a cored section. "micromicaceous, often very micaceous in the upper part" and generally grade upward "from non-silty and slightly or The 32 borehole sections of the Bluefish Member non-calcareous at the base to calcareous and silty at the top recognized in the present study area demonstrate the of the thicker sections". widespread uniform lithology of this relatively thin unit. At G-02, near the Arctic Ocean coast, black, bituminous, flaky This characteristic lithology is recognized both in the noncalcareous shale makes up aU of the 27.7 m thick section, extreme south and far north of Great Bear River area. At except for a basal 5 m of grey-brown to very dark brown G-70 in the south, a 158.8 m thick section consists at the grey, calcareous shale with white and brown calcite grading bottom of grey to dark brown-grey, noncalcareous shale that to grey-brown, very argillaceous limestone. At G-70, 760 km grades upward through brown-grey and grey, slightly to the south, a 34.7 m thick section of Bluefish comprises calcareous and micromicaceous to grey, flaky, calcareous and black, bituminous, siliceous, slightly calcareous, pyritic shale, micromicaceous. At G-02 in the north, in a 124.7 m thick and the basal 13 m are very calcareous with biocalcitic section, the Grey shale member is pale grey to brown-grey, mosaics, grading near the base to black and white, bioclastic, flaky, slightly calcareous and micromicaceous. Similarly in argillaceous and bituminous limestone. the Norman Wells area, the 140.2 m thick section at J -48 is made up of basal, dark brown-grey, noncalcareous shale that An apparent variation occurs where the entire unit is grades upward through brown-grey and grey, slightly silty, calcareous. The two sections of calcareous shale and slighty calcareous and micromicaceous shale, to an upper, limestone at D-65 and A-12 (Fig. 27) are also very thin, pale grey, silty, very micaceous shale. suggesting that elsewhere, equivalents of the upper, noncalcareous part of the Bluefish may locally be at the base Even though some variation might be expected of the overlying Grey shale member. A depositional pinch wherever the Grey shale member passes lateraUy into its out of the Bluefish Member is indicated in the south by the facies equivalent, the Black shale member, the same rate of eastward thinning (Fig. 15) and the absence of the characteristic pattern can be discerned. For example, at 30 I-ltb, where Black shale intervenes between a two-part Grey at A-37s it is slightly calcareous and includes traces of grey shale member, the lower part is grey, brown-grey to very buff siliceous limestone; at K-03, 121.6 m of brown-black, dark grey and black, in part micromicaceous, and the upper siliceous, variably calcareous, very bituminous, micro part is grey, brown-grey, dark grey, in part silty and very micaceous shale include some pyrite, some black shell micaceous. Finally, the C-21 section, northeast of Fort fragments, some brown to black chert, traces of brown, pale Norman, is uniquely different in its colour gradation from brown, and brown-black limestone, a trace of glauconite green-grey at the base to grey, very dark grey, black, buff concentrations, and, in one part, traces of green-grey, very grey and grey-brown at the top below the Ramparts micaceous shale. Formation. This could reasonably be attributed to a transition in the upper part to the Black shale member. The lower boundary of the Black shale member may be its contact with the Bluefish Member, the latter distinguished by its ultra high sonic-gamma ray trace, or it may be a Black shale member. The informal term, Black shale facies-related contact with the Grey shale member (as at member, is introduced to identify the black shale facies G-78, I-lt6, etc.) or with the transitional grey/black shale equivalent to the Grey shale member. The presence of black facies (as at A-28). The upper boundary may also be a shale in the upper part of the Hare Indian Formation was facies-related contact with the Grey shale member (as at recognized by Tassonyi (1969, p.90), "the term Horn River A-28, I-lt6), or it may be a contact with the Canol Formation Formation should be extended into those areas where the (as, for example, at A-37s, 0-65, etc.). Probably the most Ramparts Formation is absent and where the dark shales of useful and reliable way of picking the Black shale-Canol the Canol Formation are inseparable from similar shales of contact is by incorporating it into the regional correlation the Hare Indian Formation, and used to include both network, as demonstrated on the cross-sections in Figures 26 formations". Tassonyi (1969, Figs. 9, 10), however, did to 28. It is only the broader vision of the regional picture subdivide Horn River black shales, but includes them all in a that can give a firm basis for placing the Black shale-Canol triple-member Canol Formation. contact. A subtle change in lithology and/or the log trace across this contact will probably be there, and indeed these Comparison of Tassonyi's cross-section (1969, Fig. 10) changes are easily discernible in some sections, but it is with the assignments made in the present study (Appendix 2) suggested that they cannot provide the useful criteria that shows that the Black shale member equates with Tassonyi's would enable the contact to be picked with confidence in any 1 Lower member of the Canol Formation. For example, one isolated borehole section • Without knowledge of the Tassonyi's Canol, Lower member, at Loon Creek No. 2 (1969, broader regional picture, it would be most reasonable, but Sec. 37, Fig. 10) between borehole footages 16lt5 and 1330 incorrect, for example, to assign all the Horn River black (501.lt and lt05.lt m), equals the upper, Black shale part of shale at G-70 and at 0-65 to the Canol Formation, and to Hare Indian Formation at G-78 (Fig. 26, this report) between place the Canol at the sub-Mesozoic erosion surface at J-65 16ltlt and 1353 feet (501.1 and ltl2.lt m). Correlations in and B-30. Figures 26 and 27 show the Black shale member, the Grey shale member and the Ramparts Formation as lateral facies The Black shale member tends to occupy the upper part interrelated units. Tassonyi's (1969) Canol Lower member is of the Hare Indian-Ramparts interval more than it does the depicted likewise as a facies equivalent of the Ramparts lower part. It may, therefore, be significantly Formation, for example, at Loon Creek No. I, Section 3lt (= diagnostically) related to Ramparts reef development. If (A-52 this report). Clearly, Tassonyi's Canol Lower member, so, detailed study of Black shale distribution and content as shown on Figure 10 (Tassonyi, 1969), consists in fact, of might help locate any so-far-undiscovered reefs. The limits those dark shales of the Hare Indian Formation that were of Black shale distribution in relation to Ramparts are shown stated (op. cit.) to be inseparable from Canol, and which turn on Figure It. out to be the Black shale member of this report. The Black shale member is fairly easily recognized Ramparts Formation southeast of the Norman Wells area, but recognition becomes more difficult in places between the Norman Wells and Peel The name, Ramparts Formation, developed from the River areas (F -57m). Comparison of Tassonyi's (1969) original term, Ramparts limestone (Kindle and Bosworth, Figure 9 and with assignments in the present report shows 1921, p. ltlt3-lt63), through many years of controversy over that the Canol Lower member equates variously: to the Oevonian nomenclature. Tassonyi (1969) advocated the use Allochthonous limestone unit at H-ltO and A-16; to Canol at of the name, Ramparts, in its original type sense, and G-ltlt and F-39; and to Ramparts at L-28. This lack of recognized two informal members: a bedded platform, consistency is the result of several factors: the presence of overlain by a more massive reef member. Pugh (1983, p. 35) Allochthonous limestone (see under Canol Formation); the increased Ramparts membership to four: the Siltstone lentil, uncertainty of recognition of allochthonous beds in drill the Platform member, the Reef member and the Sandy cuttings; the dating of Allochthonous limestone as Frasnian member. The Ramparts Formation is identified in 21 of the (Late Oevonian); and the vertical range of the Ramparts Reef lt2 Horn River sections in the present study. Because little member into Frasnian in at least one section (J-76). new knowledge is added to what has already been described Assignments, therefore, within this local area are necessarily and illustrated for the Peel River area (Pugh, 1983), the tentative, and for simplicity, pending more detailed study, members of this formation are not treated separately in this the term Black shale member has not been used for any of report. the black shale interval overlying the Ramparts Formation between Norman Wells and F-57m. Of main interest is the evidence of Ramparts development outside the Norman Wells area. The Platform The Black shale member consists of black, bituminous member and/or the Siltstone lentil occur thinly (less than shale, variably micaceous, variably siliceous, variably pyritic, 20 m thick) in the south: overlying the Grey shale member at and locally calcareous. At A-28, it is very micromicaceous; A-12, 1-5ltw and 1-15, and occupying the whole Hume-to- 1 This does not eliminate the need first to determine lithology, for which core or drill cuttings must be examined in conjunction with mechanical logs. 31 Canol interval at G-60. In the erosional outlier at C-21, near in six borehole sections on the west (seaward) flank of the the top of a 284.7 m thick Horn River section, the Ramparts reef, according to evidence from drill cuttings and sonic Formation is represented by 48.5 m of coarse grained, logs". It was suggested (Pugh, 1983) that more detailed work bioclastic and fossiliferous (reef, crinoid and shell organisms) was required to justify recognition of the Allochthonous limestone with some calcareous pyritic siltstone, and includes limestone as a formal map unit, but importance was given to a 10 m interval of black micaceous shale and buff-grey the fact that "debris beds do occur and that in two localities, micaceous siltstone. This is overlain by brown-grey, at least, they are of early Frasnian age". Pugh (1983, p. 38), micromicaceous pyritic shale below the sub-Mesozoic although recognizing that the debris beds were deposited unconformity. The foregoing suggests, at C-21, proximity to roughly contemporaneously with Canol shales, chose simply thicker reef development, though the reef may have been to redefine the Canol Formation rather than revise a type removed by pre-Mesozoic erosion over Keele Arch. Some section: it "directly overlies the Ramparts Formation or its Ramparts limestone at A-37b may indicate the western edge reef-derived Allochthonous limestone unit, or, where these of this same postulated development. are absent, directly overlies the Hare Indian Formation." There is no indication that Hare Indian-Ramparts In the present study area, possible Allochthonous sedimentation was influenced by Keele Arch activity. Minor limestone overlying the Ramparts Formation occurs only thinning over that area showing in Horn River isopachs west of Norman Wells. Because the debris beds are verified, (Fig. 14) are accounted for by thinning only of the Bluefish therefore, to be of very limited distribution, and because Member (see Figure 15). Hare Indian Grey shale and/or they are stratigraphically identified, not with Ramparts from Ramparts carbonates, therefore, may have been the first which they were derived, but with Canol sediments into Devonian sediments to cover Keele Arch completely and to which they came to rest, it is proposed to include them bury pre-:Devonian beds. within the Canol Formation. The age of the Ramparts Formation is Givetian (late 1 Middle Devonian) (Pedder, 1975), and the upper part of the Revision • The lower boundary of the type Canol Reef member is referred by A.E.H. Pedder (in Norford et al., Formation is redefined in order to include within the 1971, p.17, 18, 21) to the "Late Devonian mackenziense formation localized deposits of debris material which, Zone". subsequent to the original definition of the Canol Formation, have been found to be an integral part of the Canol Formation. The proposed change of boundary will further Canol Formation restore the original intent of Bassett (1961, p. 494) that the Canol Formation directly overlies the Ramparts Formation. The name, Canol Formation, derived from Camp Canol on Mackenzie River opposite Norman Wells, was proposed by At the type locality on Powell Creek, the lower Bassett (1961, p.494) and defined as the black shale unit boundary of the Canol Formation is moved downsection 16 m directly overlying the Kee Scarp Formation or, where the to incorporate beds which Bassett (1961) originally included latter is absent, directly overlying the Hare Indian in the Kee Scarp (Ramparts) Formation. MacKenzie (1970) Formation. It is completely exposed at its type locality on referred to these beds as "allochthonous reef debris and the northwest side of Powell Creek at the Mackenzie limestone turbidites", and described them as "Lower thin Mountain front (65 0 16'30"N, 128°46'30"W). bedded argillaceous and silty limestone with black shale interbeds, black chert and blocks of coral and At the Canol type section, Bassett (1961) included at stromatoporoid-bearing limestone (18 ft) and overlying dark the top of the underlying "lower Kee Scarp Formation", a grey calcareous shales with graded echinoderm beds (35 ft)". limestone and shale unit, which subsequent study has shown to be a distinctive unit. Braun (1966, p. 254) referred to this There are only three other verified occurrences of limestone and shale unit as "Unnamed beds" because they Allochthonous limestone at the base of the Canol Formation: belonged neither lithologically nor faunally to the "Kee one outcrop (Carcajou Ridge, Braun, 1966); and two borehole Scarp" (Ramparts Formation), and lithologically they were sections (G-56, MacKenzie, 1973; D-53, Pugh, 1983). In "not typical of the Fort Creek shales" (Fort Creek addition, 13 borehole sections of Canol are assumed (Pugh, shales = Canol Formation, see Tassonyi, 1969, p.90). The 1983 and present study) to include Allochthonous limestone, "Unnamed beds" at Powell Creek were assigned a Frasnian on the basis of evidence from drill cuttings and the (Late Devonian) age by Braun (1966). The Canol type section, mechanical log trace. All of the foregoing, verified and therefore, no longer agreed with the Canol definition of assumed, are within 80 km of the Powel! Creek Canol type directly overlying Kee Scarp (Ramparts). This situation section. The thickness of the Allochthonous limestone is called for either redefinition of the name, or revision of a generally less than 10 m. type section boundary, depending upon the exact nature of the "Unnamed beds". The lower contact of the Canol Formation is redrawn in the original sense, namely, at the top of the Ramparts MacKenzie (1970) made a detailed study of the Formation, or, where this is absent, at the top of the "Unnamed beds" at Powell Creek and referred to them as underlying Hare Indian Formation. In the subsurface, the "allochthonous reef debris and limestone turbidites". Allochthonous limestone is more easily distinguished from Subsequently, MacKenzie (1973) identified Upper Devonian underlying Ramparts by its corresponding sharp "kick", than beds of echinoderm debris between the Ramparts and Canol it is from the overlying black shale. There is only one formations in a cored borehole section some 40 km north of recorded section in which suspected Allochthonous limestone the Powell Creek section, and concluded that they were rests directly on Hare Indian: at J -48 (see cross-section, genetically similar to the reef debris beds outcropping at Figure 26), where it is recorded as a relatively very thick Powell Creek. (21.7 m) interval of largely black shale with shell fragments, calcite and reef debris. Twenty-one kilometres away at H-40, Pugh (1983, p.37) provided additional evidence from 3.4 m of assumed limestone debris in black shale, at the base the subsurface, stating, "debris beds appear also to be present of the Canol, rest directly on the Ramparts Reef member. 1 Following the recommendations of the North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature, 1983, Article 19, p. 855. 32 Canol Formation shales are characteristically black, interpretation is illustrated in a map (Fig. 17) and cross bituminous, siliceous, pyritic and noncalcareous, making them section (Fig. 29). A subcrop-outcrop map (Fig. 18) shows the easily distinguishable except where they overlie the Black areal extent of pre-Mesozoic erosion alone, and also the area shale member of the Hare Indian Formation (discussed above where the Imperial has been further truncated by post under that heading). In the general area of Norman Wells Cretaceous exposure. The thickness distribution, therefore, over a distance of a hundred kilometres, there is a thin as shown by the isopachs in Figure 17, is valued only in carbonate development at the top of the Canol Formation: conjunction with the structure contours in constructing at H-I>O, 6 m of brown, fine crystalline, siliceous dolomite; at superimposed contour maps at lower surfaces (Figs. 5, 6, 9). A-16, 7 m of brown, siliceous, partly pyritic dolomite; at Eight sections of Imperial Formation are shown on cross J-76, 12 m of brown, siliceous limestone and brown, section, Figure 29, covering a distance of more than 250 km noncalcareous shale; at G-78, II m of brown-black, from G-12 at Norman Wells to A-12 near Wrigley. A-12 and bituminous shale with some brown-black, hard, bituminous K-03 support the earlier descriptions of a lower shale and an siltstone and a trace of pale buff, aphanitic limestone; and at upper shale-siltstone-sandstone subdivision near Norman G-5Ic, the top 22 m include some brown-grey, coarse Wells. At K-03, 282 m of dark grey to black, grained, argillaceous siltstone and brown, micro- and very micromicaceous shale with some thinly interbedded siltstone, fine-crystalline dolomite. The foregoing are examples of the are overlain by 261> m of very fine grained micaceous upper part of the Canol Formation, which corresponds to sandstone, coarse grained and fine grained micaceous Tassonyi's (1969) Upper member, although Tassonyi seems not siltstone and silty shale, and 129 m of dark grey, to have mentioned the presence of carbonates and siltstone. micromicaceous shale with interbedded, grey, coarse grained and fine grained, micaceous siltstone. The lower shale part is Thickness distribution of the Canol Formation is the same thickness at both A-12 and K-03, which are 20 km irregular. In the Norman Wells area, the variations seem to apart. be inversely related to the thickness of the Ramparts Formation (Fig. 16), agreeing with Tassonyi (1969, p. 93). A A different pattern is observed as we move south. The similar relationship was noted also for the Peel River area by limestone member between A-37b and A-28 (described Pugh (1983, p. 38). However, in the south of the study area, separately below) moves upsection southward. Marker bed pronounced thickness variation does not seem to be related to correlation lines can be drawn between A-28 and A-12 (see underlying Ramparts (which is only thinly developed there). Figure 29), that indicate northward condensation of section; Instead, the variation may be the result of differential in other words, an increasing rate of sediment accumulation movement of the basin floor prior to deposition of Imperial southward. The southern sections display a coarsening marine clastic sediments. upward feature, but it appears that most or all of the Imperial beds preserved in the south may be equivalent to The contact of the Canol Formation with the underlying only the lower part of the Imperial sections in the Norman Ramparts has been discussed above. Where Ramparts is Wells area. In this model of southward increasing rate of absent, contact with the Grey shale member of the Hare sedimentation, we might expect to find a corresponding Indian Formation is colour controlled and appears to be change in sediment colour, mainly from darker to paler abrupt but conformable; contact with the Black shale southward. This does, in fact, seem to be the case. Whereas member has been described under that heading. The upper at K-03, described above, the shales are dark grey to black, boundary of the Canol Formation with the Imperial at D-65, for example, Imperial shale varies upward from Formation is apparently conformable. slightly green-grey with some dark grey at the base, to grey and brown-grey upsection. ImpeMal Formation The lower contact with black, bituminous shale of the Canol Formation is probably conformable, but, according to subsurface data, apparently not gradational. The upper Documentation of marine shales and silty sandstones at boundary of the Imperial Formation is controlled by either the top of the Paleozoic succession in the Norman Wells area pre-Cretaceous or post-Cretaceous erosion. began with Kindle and Bosworth (1921). These rocks were known at various times by the names, Bosworth, Camp Creek, and Carcajou Mountain, before Hume and Link (191)5, Canyon Creek sandstone lentil p. 31>-39) introduced the name, Imperial Formation, and designated a type section on the Imperial River (see map, Tassonyi (1969, p. 99) described a thin, locally Figure 17, this report). The Imperial Formation was later occurring sandstone unit within the lower part of the Imperial revised by Bassett (1961, p. 1>96) to include, at the type Formation which had originally been reported by Canol section, 10 m of "upper non-bituminous shales of the Fort geologists as Canyon Creek sandstone. Stewart (191)5, p. 20) Creek Formation"; the lower bituminous member became the had referred to this unit in Canyon Creek No. I borehole Canol Formation. Bassett's (196 J) redefinition was stated, (G-5Ic) as the Canyon sandstone member. Tassonyi (1969), briefly, "as the sequence of Devonian clastics and minor because of "the local nature of this sandstone", deemed it interbedded limestones, which overlies the Canol Formation more appropriate to refer to it as the Canyon Creek and is unconformably overlain throughout the region by sandstone lentil. Cretaceous strata". Pugh (1983, p.l>l) recounted several documented descriptions of Imperial lithology to illustrate In the reference section at G-5Ic, the Canyon Creek facies variability in the Mackenzie River area. Among these: sandstone lentil is considered to occur between borehole Tassonyi (1969) described a lower marine shale and an upper depths of 1316 and 1225 feet (1)0l.1 and 373.1> m), giving a member of interbedded marine siltstones, sandstones, shales thickness of 27.7 m. It comprises pale grey, very fine and subordinate limestone beds; Aitken et al. (1982) grained, silty, quartz-rich, micaceous siltstone. It is recognized that shale dominated and siltstone was prominent, separated from the Canol Formation by 16 m of dark grey and that subordinate sandstone units "are clearly more shale. Two thicker sections occur: at G-78, 33.5 m of buff, prominent in the upper part of the formation". very fine grained, dolomitic, siliceous, quartz-rich, silty sandstone, resting directly on the Canol Formation; at J-20, The present study is mainly concerned with the Imperial 37.2 m of pale buff, very fine grained, silty sandstone grading Formation in the subsurface southeast of Norman Wells. to coarse grained siltstone, separated from the Canol by 10 m Thirty-four borehole sections are considered, and the of dark grey shale. 33 Known distribution of the Canyon Creek sandstone is northwest-side-down, Precambrian structure passing near confined in the subsurface to the above three boreholes. It is Fort Norman, District of Mackenzie". This structure demar known from outcrop in Norman Range where it has been cates the southeast limit of the Middle or Upper Proterozoic reported as thick as 90 m (Stewart, 191>5, p. 20). "Mackenzie Mountains supergroup east of Mackenzie River". Both lower and upper contacts were reported by Tassonyi (J 969) as "gradational into shales through Mackenzie Arch interbedded shales and siltstones. The term, Mackenzie Arch, was used by Gabrielse Jungle Ridge limestone member (1970, p.375-1>00) and Aitken et al. (1973, p.37, 38) to describe a northwest-trending Proterozoic to Cambrian The term, Jungle Ridge limestone member, was used by structure passing through the Mackenzie Mountains. Its Hume and Link (J 91>5, p. 29, 30) to refer to a silty and shaly reactivation during Cambrian time probably provided the limestone within the lower part of Imperial Formation. They restrictive barrier that allowed development of hypersaline reported it to be about 60 m thick on Jungle Ridge. In marine conditions in which evaporites of the Saline River Bluefish No. IA (A-37b), Hume and Link (J 91>5) reported the Formation precipitated. member to be between borehole depths of 1780 and 1618 feet (51)2.5 and 1>93.2 m), immediately below the sub-Mesozoic erosion surface. As a result of calculations based on field BuImer Lake Arch data, Tassonyi (1969, p. 100), suggested that the limestone member in the reference well may be restricted by excluding Bulmer Lake Arch was recognized by Meijer Drees the lower, more shaly part, which is transitional into the (1971» as a north-northwest-trending, paleotopographic and underlying shale. This suggestion is compatible with the tectonic feature in the Bulmer Lake area. It was stated electric log trace, which places the limestone between (op. cit.) to consist of a high, partly of Precambrian granite, borehole depths of 1640 and 1618 feet (500.0 and 1>93.2 m). and to have been a positive element during Cambrian sedimentation. Since Tassonyi's study, two boreholes, 1-701 and A-28, have revealed a limestone unit within the Imperial Formation, but much higher in the section than at A-37b. Mahony Arch About 30 km south of the reference section, at 1-701, 39.3 m of grey-buff to very pale buff, micrograined argillaceous The term, Mahony Arch, is proposed in this report for a limestone occur i 66 m above the bottom of the borehole, and Cambrian feature trending roughly northwest, and passing an estimated 3i0 m above the Canol. About 100 km south of below Mahony Lake. This positive feature provided a barrier the reference section, at A-28, 31>.7 m of pale buff, silty, or partial barrier between two depositional basins, Good Hope bioclastic, fossiliferous limestone and brown and buff Basin, and -Keele Trough, which paralleled Mackenzie Arch. aphanitic limestone are nearly 600 m above the Canol. These Mahony Arch may have extended into the Peel River area and three sections of Imperial are included in Figure 29. Marker also may have merged with Bulmer Lake Arch. horizons have been drawn within the Imperial Formation that indicate that the limestone intervals at A-28 and 1-701 are directly related and, furthermore, that it is reasonable to Keele Trough extend the correlation northward to the Jungle Ridge limestone member at A-37b. Projection of the unit The term, Keele Trough, is introduced in this report for southward from A-28 indicates a possible truncated edge an Early(?) and Middle Cambrian structural depression close to D-65. It may, therefore, be found to outcrop on located between Mackenzie and Mahony arches, and named Crescent Ridge Anticline (Dahadinni River, Map 1374A, after the Keele River area, where nearly six hundred metres Douglas, 1974), and is possibly the fossiliferous limestone in of Middle Cambrian shales were drilled in borehole L-04. map unit uDsp or even the reefy limestone, map unit uDls. The Jungle Ridge limestone member, therefore, appears Good Hope Basin to have a much greater areaI distribution than was known when Tassonyi (J 969, p.99) proposed to give it the rank of The term, Good Hope Basin, is applied in this report to lentil "owing to its local occurrence." a broad, shallow Cambrian depression northeast of Mahony Arch. It was named after the Fort Good Hope area, the centre of maximum accumulation of Lower, Middle and Upper Cambrian sediments. STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY The record of tectonic activity based on evidence from Mackenzie Platform the subsurface of the present study area covers mainly that area to the southwest of Great Bear Lake. Four arches, The name, Mackenzie Platform, was used by Lenz jointly spanning Cambrian to Middle Devonian time, have (J 972, p. 328, 329) to refer to the Cambrian to Middle roughly similar northwest trends. Underlying the Paleozoic Devonian shelf platform east of Richardson Trough (Peel rocks is a northeast trending structure of Proterozoic age. River area, see Pugh, 1983). Extending during Late Cambrian time over most of the Great Bear River area, it subsequently The tectonic elements of Great Bear River area, merged with Keele Arch and became bounded by Anderson pertinent to this report, are as follows (see also Figure I), and Great Bear basins. listed chronologically. Keele Arch Fort Norman structure The name, Keele Arch, was proposed by Cook (1975) for The Fort Norman structure was named by Aitken and a "regional paleo-arch about 200 miles long and 75 miles wide Pugh (J 981» and described as a "northeast-trending, •.• from Keele River northward at least to Lac des Bois". It 31> was stated (op. cit.) to have developed in pre-Early Devonian weathering into a ridge-depression landform. A broad time and to have been reactivated in pre-Late Cretaceous Precambrian anticlinal structure exposed fine and coarse time. The Arch broadens northward into Mackenzie Platform. grained clastic rocks of the Proterozoic Shale unit northwest of the Fort Norman structure. Erosion of these exposed beds There is evidence (p. 17, this report) of a proto-Keele contributed mud, silt and sand to the initial Phanerozoic Arch as early as Late Cambrian. sediments, while much greater amounts of very coarse grained quartzose material were transported into the area from Precambrian outcrops on the craton. The accumulation Great Bear Basin of the Mount Clark sands is centred roughly over the axis of the above-mentioned Precambrian anticline, suggesting that Great Bear Basin was described by Yorath and Cook this may have been the site of a paleotopographic depression (1981, p.37) as an Early Cretaceous (Albian) tectonic in the outcropping Shale unit. This alone, however, would not element, possibly bounded on its western side by Keele Arch, explain the same depositional basin continuing through Middle and with a northern limit arbitrarily chosen north of Great and Late Cambrian time. By the same reasoning, the ridge of Bear Lake. Yorath and Cook stated (1981, p. 11) that the more resistant Proterozoic dolomite along the southwest Basin existed "as a structural and at times depositional basin side, which was not covered by Mount Clark sands and which at various times during the Paleozoic and Mesozoic, subsequently was only thinly covered by Upper Cambrian essentially corresponding to periods of uplift along the sediments, cannot reasonably be interpreted only as a adjacent Keele Arch". Precambrian paleotopographic feature. It is, therefore, assumed that Good Hope Basin and Mahony Arch may already In the present report, Great Bear Basin is described as a have been structural elements at the beginning of Cambrian discrete sedimentary basin possibly generated during Late time. Although nothing is known of earliest Cambrian history Ordovician to Early Silurian time, and active from Late between Mackenzie and Mahony arches, basal Cambrian sands Silurian to Middle Devonian time (see under Mount Kindle and were also deposited as discontinuous and diachronous beds in Middle Paleozoic Stratigraphy headings). paleotopographic depressions around the periphery of the Good Hope Basin area and to the south. Anderson Basin More extensive marine flooding followed in late Early The name, Anderson Basin, was used by Yorath and Cambrian time. At the beginning of Mount Cap deposition, glauconitic quartzose sands and silts were carried into the Norris, 1975, for a trough-like depression adjacent to and on southeastern part of Good Hope Basin, their distribution the southeast side of the Aklavik Arch Complex. It cuts northwestward grading into an increasingly thicker across the northwest corner of the study area bounding the Mackenzie Platform in that direction. The existence of accumulation of carbonate and clay. These later consolidated as brown, coarse crystalline dolomite and dark Anderson Basin in Late Silurian and in Middle Devonian times green and black shale. is inferred from the presence of basinal transition facies in platform carbonate sequences of those ages in the subsurface at the Arctic coast. The possibility that Anderson Basin is a Late Early Cambrian deposition northeast of Mahony northern extension of Richardson Trough is not demonstrable Arch began with predominantly micaceous silty clay settling at this time. in Good Hope Basin, and alongside the Arch, minor glauconitic carbonate development and some shoreward sand. Mount Cap sedimentation continued through Middle Cambrian HISTORICAL GEOLOGY time in a cyclic carbonate-clay sequence. Four carbonate clay cycles completed the Mount Cap Formation, with the areal distribution in Good Hope Basin possibly decreasing An account of the geological history of the present progressively as the Basin filled. Meanwhile, during Middle study area will naturally complement that of the adjoining Cambrian time southwest of Mahony Arch, a much greater Peel River area (Pugh, 1983, p. 52-54). In order, therefore, amount of clay sediment settled in Keele Trough. This to present the Great Bear River story as completely as subsequently compacted into 600 m or more of grey, green possible at this time, while maintaining an uninterrupted and brown shales with interbedded dolomite only near the account, parts of the previously published Peel River story top. (Pugh, 1983) are quoted wi thout further acknowledgment. A general, somewhat deeper, though restricted, marine inundation in early Late Cambrian time marked the beginning Earliest record of Saline River deposition. Mount Cap rocks were almost everywhere covered by the clay and lime muds and anhydrite Paleozoic rocks of the Hornby Bay Group, which of the Lower clastic member. Proterozoic rocks over outcrop in Coppermine area (Kerans et al., 1981) in the Mahony Arch and part of Bulmer Lake Arch were only thinly northeastern part of the study area, are the earliest known covered. Part of what was later the si te of Keele Arch sedimentary rocks in Great Bear River area. Rocks became a posi tive feature, so that locally Mount Cap beds correlative with Hornby Bay Group are known also in the were not buried by Lower clastic, or indeed by any Saline southeastern half of the area, both in outcrop and subsurface. River, sediments. Increasingly hypersaline conditions brought Later Proterozoic (Helikian and Hadrynian) strata in the about the precipitation of salt in a trilobate basin in the subsurface are formations of the Mackenzie Mountains north and an elongate basin in the south, the two areas Supergroup. These younger rocks subsequently were struc separated by a structurally high, but at least partly turally truncated to the southeast by the Fort Norman submergent area over Mahony, Bulmer Lake and Keele structure (Aitken and Pugh, 1984). arches. This positive complex continued to influence the subsequent regional blanket distribution of Upper clastic varicoloured clay muds. The slow subsidence of the entire Cambrian-hypersaline basin shelf area that followed, gave rise in later Cambrian time to open marine circulation and a depositional transition to By Early Cambrian time, the land surface northeast of argillaceous dolomite and decreasing amounts of grey Mackenzie Arch had been sculptured by differential shale. 35 Late Cambrian to Late Ordovician resulted in the deposition of shallow marine aphanitic limestone and green shale of the Tatsieta Formation. Thick carbonate buildup over the entire Mackenzie Possibly at the same time, in the southern part of the area, Platform area during Late Cambrian time began with the Fort Norman anhydrite had begun to precipitate in three, Cyclic member argil1aceous dolomites of the Franklin roughly lenticular evaporitic basins. Keele Arch was a Mountain Formation, in the distribution of which is reflected submarine feature and along its flanks conditions locally were a continuing influence of Mahony Arch and an early positive conducive to carbonate development. From the southwest movement of Keele Arch. The Rhythmic member flank this carbonate extended southwestward to become the accumulated during latest Cambrian time, the end of which Arnica Platform. was marked in the south by crustal warping, exposing Proterozoic and/or Lower Cambrian coarse clastics that were A deepening marine environment resulted in the reworked locally into the upper part of the Rhythmic regional development of carbonates over the Mackenzie dolomite and the base of the succeeding Cherty dolomite. Platform. The depositional boundaries between the Fort The Franklin Mountain carbonates at that time were Norman anhydrite and the brown, dolomitized Arnica varicoloured throughout the southern half of the study area. carbonate, and between Arnica and the brown, pelletal Landry limestone, migrated generally eastward, so that in As carbonate development continued through Early time, anhydrite was superseded by dolomite, and dolomite Ordovician time, formation of chert was common over the (almost everywhere) by limestone. Toward the end of this southern part of the area. Conditions favouring chert process, a minor positive movement of Keele Arch may have formation appear to have migrated northward (as well as re-exposed Cambro-Ordovician rocks, from which may have westward, see Pugh, 1983). To the south, the rising of the been derived the fine clastic material and traces of pink eratonic shelf area relative to sea level exposed much of the colouring in Landry carbonates near the Arch. The Early and Mackenzie Platform to erosion. Erosion over Mahony Arch Middle Devonian platform carbonates passed basinward into removed all Upper dolomite rocks and cut deeply into the deepening dark shale facies: southwest of Keele Arch into Cherty dolomite unit. the Funeral Formation; in the extreme northwest into unnamed rocks in Anderson Basin. Late Ordovician to Late Silurian A deeper basinal environment southwest of Keele Arch persisted into Middle Devonian Eifelian time. Interbedded In Late Ordovician time came renewed marine black and grey shales and argillaceous limestone deposited in transgression. In the extreme north, where the erosional the southwestern part of the area and extending close to the break is less marked, the new phase followed a transitional Arch constitute the Headless Member at the base of the change of deposition from the pure, very pale dolomite of the Hume Formation. Regionally over the entire Mackenzie Franklin Mountain Formation to the generally brown, very Platform, the Hume was deposited as a laterally uniform fine to medium crystalline dolomite of the Mount Kindle series of argillaceous bioclastic limestones and grey shales. Formation. In the southeastern part of the area, marine Keele Arch remained a positive feature, possibly submarine, flooding accompanied the first downwarping of Great Bear but supplying some fine clastic material to surrounding Sub-basin. In this elongate basin, bounded on its western side carbonate sediments. Some bioherms developed northwest of by the site of Keele Arch, deposition of black basal muds was Keele Arch. followed by dark-coloured cherty carbonate development (Lower dark), and this in turn was superseded by paler coloured carbonate (Upper pale). Givetian interlude On the northwestern shelf area of continental North Late Silurian to Early Oevonian America, Cambrian to Middle Devonian time was dominated by carbonate development and overall tectonic stability. By latest Silurian or earliest Devonian, a depositional Late Devonian to Permian time featured the deposition of change had taken place in the northern part of the Mackenzie orogenic clastic sediments derived from a northern source Platform, from the brown, medium crystalline Mount Kindle (Pugh, 1983). Between these two depositional stages was the dolomite to the very pale, microsucrosic Peel Formation Givetian interlude, lithologically represented by the Horn dolomite. Peel carbonates included darker material closer to River Group, during which time sedimentary processes over Anderson Basin. a wide area slowed and finally came almost to a standstill straddling the boundary of Middle to Late Devonian time. Eustatic changes gave rise to the "sub-Devonian" unconformity. Probably during the course of Peel deposition Bituminous muds with fibrous calcite (Bluefish Member) to the north and west, Mount Kindle rocks were already sub were the first black sediments to settle over the Mackenzie aerially exposed over the southern part of the area, and were Platform. Submarine topographic highs formed by Hume being truncated on the flanks of Keele Arch. Renewed bioherms were thinly covered as was also much or all of marine transgression in the south brought about the Keele Arch. Grey and black micaceous muds (Hare Indian deposition of the Delorme Group, made up of carbonates, Formation) followed, at the same time as reef (Ramparts clastics and anhydrite of the Tsetso Formation and thick Formation) built up locally offshore. The interlude ended sequences of silty evaporites and carbonates of the Camsell with a "black sea". Reef-top debris tumbled down into Formation. Continuing, or renewed, activity of Keele Arch bituminous pyritic muds which settled as a regional black exposed the Franklin Mountain Formation and possibly also veneer (Canol Formation) at the opening of the Late older rocks, from which sand, silt and shale were reworked Devonian Frasnian Stage. into the later Tsetso sediments. Meanwhile, in the north, rocks of the Mount Kindle and Peel formations were exposed at the "sub-Devonian" erosion surface. Late Oevonian Slowly at first, a new depositional pattern evolved. Early to Middle Devonian Mud sediments of the Imperial Formation became Slow regional resubmergence during Early Devonian progressively less bituminous. Localized silty sand deposits time, in the north of and to the west of the study area, appeared (Canyon Creek sandstone lentil). Southward, the 36 rate of sediment accretion increased rapidly. Some thin Lake) has been found (Macqueen et al., 1975) to contain high bioclastic and reefy limestones developed in the Dahadinni values of zinc, lead and uranium oxide. The base of the Horn River area, and one of these may be continuous with an River Group was also reported (Pugh, 1983) to be mineralized argillaceous limestone unit (Jungle Ridge limestone member) in the western half of Peel River area. in the southern part of the present Norman Range area. Clays, silts and sands continued to be carried on to the shelf area at least throughout the Frasnian Stage. There is no clear evidence from this study indicating the source of these REFERENCES Imperial sediments. Imperial rocks may have been continuously exposed to Aitken, J.D. erosion from Carboniferous through Jurassic time. Renewed in press: Pre-Windermere rocks of the Cordillera; in uplift of Keele Arch re-exposed earlier Paleozoic rocks down Geological Survey of Canada, Geology of Canada, to Middle Cambrian beds along its crest prior to the no. If (also Geological Society of America, The Cretaceous marine transgression. Geology of North America, v. G-2). Aitken, J.D. and Cook, D.G. 1971f: Carcajou Canyon map-area, District of ECONOMIC GEOLOGY Mackenzie, Northwest Territories; Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 71f-13. Hydrocarbon potential 1977: Geology of Blackwater Lake (96B) and Fort Cambrian clasties Norman (96C), District of Mackenzie; Geological Survey of Canada, Open File Report If 02. Porous quartzose sandstones (Lower Cambrian Mount Clark Formation, see Figure 3), up to more than 60 m in Aitken, J.D., Cook, D.G., and Yorath, C.J. thickness, extend through the subsurface for some 200 km 1982: Upper Ramparts River and Sans Sault Rapids west and northwest of Great Bear Lake. Near their western map-areas 006 G, H), District of Mackenzie, extremity, at K-21f, near Tedji Lake, this sandstone unit has Geological Survey of Canada, Memoir 388, with tested gas to surface at 1f.1f Mmcf/d (123 x 10 3 m 3 d). maps Ilf52A and Ilf53A. Chances are good for the presence of structural-stratigraphic traps (for example, related to the northern part of Keele Aitken, J.D., Macqueen, R.W., and Usher, J.L. Arch) within the main sandstone body, and also in 1973: Reconnaissance studies of Proterozoic and discontinuous deposits elsewhere. Mount Clark sandstones Cambrian Stratigraphy, lower Mackenzie River are capped by generally nonporous Middle and Upper area (Operation Norman), District of Mackenzie; Cambrian shales, dolomites and evaporites. Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 73-9. Aitken, J.D. and Pugh, D.C. Cambrian to Devonian carbonates 1981f: The Fort Norman and Leith Ridge structures: major, buried, Precambrian features underlying Intercrystalline porosity is a common feature of Franklin Mountains and Great Bear and Mackenzie Franklin Mountain coarse crystalline dolomite (Fig. 7) and Plains; Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, Arnica sucrosic dolomite (Fig. 12). Porosity is generally v. 32, no. 2 (June, 1981f), p. 139-1lf6. vuggy in the locally-oil-producing Ramparts Reef limestone (Fig. Ilf). There are abundant Paleozoic source rocks in the Balkwill, H.R. basinal shaly equivalents of the platform carbonates. Updip 1971: Reconnaissance Geology, Southern Great Bear closures are uncommon, but there is a good possibility that Plain, District of Mackenzie; Geological Survey of there are structural traps west of the Mackenzie Mountains. Canada, Paper 71-11. Major source rocks in the area are the Horn River black Balkwill, H.R. and Yorath, D.J. shales (Bluefish and Black shale members of the Hare Indian 1970a: Simpson Lake map-area, District of Mackenzie Formation and the Canol Formation), widely distributed and (97B); Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 69-10. in part laterally equivalent to the Ramparts Formation (see cross-sections, Figures 26, 27). A more in-depth study of the 1970b: Brock River map-area, District of Mackenzie relationships between Ramparts and the off-reef Hare Indian (97D); Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 70-22. Black shale may aid in locating other reef developments outside the Norman Wells area. Barnes, C.R., Brideaux, W.W., Chamney, LP., Clowser, D.R., Dunay, R.E., Fisher, M.J., Fritz, W.H., Hopkins, W.S. Jr., Widespread bituminous residue in porous Arnica Jeletzky, J.A., McGregor,D.C., Norford, B.S., Norris, A.W., dolomite below Great Bear Plain suggests loss to the Pedder, A.E.H., Rauwerda, P.J., Sherrington, P.F., overlying porous Mesozoic sands, but leaves the possibility of Sliter, W.V., Tozer, E.T., Uyeno, 1.T., and Waterhouse, J.B. entrapment where the Arnica is overlain locally by 1971f: Biostratigraphic determinations of fossils from bituminous shale, instead of the more common sandstone, at the subsurface of the Northwest and Yukon the base of the Mesozoic strata. territories; Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 71f-ll. Mineral deposits Bassett, H.G. 1961: Devonian stratigraphy, central Mackenzie River The Bluefish Member (Fig. 15) of the Hare Indian region, Northwest Territories, Canada; l!l Geology Formation is important as a potential indicator of of the Arctic, G.O. Raasch (ed.); Alberta Society metalliferous deposits. The equivalent Bituminous member of Petroleum Geologists and University of at the base of the Horn River unit at Pine Point (Great Slave Toronto Press, v. 1, p. 1f81-If95. 37 Braun, W.K. Gabrielse, H., Blusson, S.L., and Roddick, J.A. 1966: Stratigraphy and microfauna of Middle and Upper 1973: Geology of Flat River, Glacier Lake and Wrigley Devonian formations, Norman Wells area, Lake map-areas, District of Mackenzie and Yukon Northwest Territories, Canada; Neues Jahrbuch Territory; Geological Survey of Canada, fUr Geologie und Palaontologie, Abstract, v. 125, Memoir 366. p.247-264. Hume, G.S. Brideaux, W.W., Chamney, T.P., Dunay, R.E., Fritz, W.H., 1923: Geology of the Norman Wells oil fields and a Hopkins, W.S. Jr., Jeletzky, J.A., McGregor, D.C., Norford, reconnaissance of a part of Liard River; B.S., Norris, A.W., Pedder, A.E.H., Sherrington, P.F., Sliter, Geological Survey of Canada, Summary W.V., Sweet, A.R., Uyeno, T.T., and Waterhouse, J.B. Report 1922, Part B, p. 47 -64. 1975: Biostratigraphic determinations of fossils from the subsurface of the Districts of Franklin and 1954: Lower Mackenzie River area, Northwest Mackenzie; Geological Survey of Canada, Territories and Yukon; Geological Survey of Paper 74-39. Canada, Memoir 273. Hume G.S. and Link, T.A. Canada Department of Indian Affairs and Northern 1945: Canol investigations in the Mackenzie River area, Development 0 Northwest Territories and Yukon; Geological 1985: Schedule of wells north of 60 , 1920-1980; Survey of Canada, Paper 45-16. 1980-1984, Amendments. Kerans, C., Ross, G.M., Donaldson, J.A., and Geldsetzer, H.J. Cook, D.G. 1981: Tectonism and depositional history of the Helikian 1975: The Keele Arch - a pre-Devonian and pre-Late Hornby Bay and Dismal Lakes groups, District of Cretaceous paleo-upland in the northern Franklin Mackenzie; in Proterozoic Basins of Canada, Mountains and Colville Hills; in Report of F.H.A. Campbell (ed.); Geological Survey of Activities, Part C, Geological Survey of Canada, Canada, Paper 81-10, p. 157-182. Paper 75-lC, p. 243-246. Kindle, E.M. and Bosworth, T.O. Cook, D.G. and Aitken, J.D. 1921: Oil-bearing rocks of lower Mackenzie River 1969: Geology Erly Lake, District of Mackenzie; valley; Geological Survey of Canada, Summary Geological Survey of Canada, Map 5-1969. Report, 1920, Part B, p. 37 -63. 1971: Geology Colville Lake map-area and part of Coppermine map-area, Northwest Territories; Law, J. Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 70-12. 1971: Regional Devonian geology and oil and gas possibilites, upper Mackenzie River area; Bulletin 1975: Geology of Norman Wells (96 E) and Mahony Lake of Canadian Petroleum Geology, v. 19, no. 2, (96 F) map-areas, District of Mackenzie, p. 437 -486. Northwest Territories; Geological Survey of Canada, Open File No. 304. Lenz, A.C. 1972: Ordovician to Devonian history of northern Yukon Douglas, R.J.W• and adjacent District of Mackenzie; Bulletin of 1974: Geology Dahadinni River, District of Mackenzie; Canadian Petroleum Geology, v. 20, p. 321-361. Geological Survey of Canada, Map 1374A. McConnell, R.G. Douglas, R.J.W. and Norris, A. W. 1889: Report on an exploration in the Yukon and 1960: Horn River map-area, Northwest Territories; Mackenzie basins, Northwest Territories; Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 59-11. Geological and Natural History Survey of Canada, Annual Report, v. IV, 1888-1889, Part D, 1961: Camsell Bend and Root River map-areas, District p. 120-134. of Mackenzie, Northwest Territories (95J, K); Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 61-13. MacKenzie, W.S. 1970: Allochthonous reef-debris limestone turbidites, Douglas, R.J.W., Norris, A.W., and Norris, D.K. Powell Creek, Northwest Territories; Bulletin of 1974: Geology Horn River, District of Mackenzie; Canadian Petroleum Geology, v. 18, p. 474-492. Geological Survey of Canada, Map l372A. 1972: Fibrous calcite, a Middle Devonian geologic Douglas, R.J.W. and Norris, D.K. marker, with stratigraphic significance, District 1963: Dahadinni and Wrigley map-areas, District of of Mackenzie, Northwest Territories; Canadian Mackenzie, Northwest Territories; Geological Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 9, p. 1431-1440. Survey of Canada, Paper 62-33. 1973: Upper Devonian echinoderm debris beds with 1974: Geology Wrigley, District of Mackenzie; graded texture, District of Mackenzie, Northwest Geological Survey of Canada, Map l373A. Territories; Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 10, p. 519-528. Gabrielse, H. 1970: Geology of Western Canada; ~ Geology and 1974a: Radiolaria from the Canol Formation, Northwest Economic Minerals of Canada, R.J.W. Douglas Territories; in Report of Activities, Part A, (ed.); Geological Survey of Canada, Economic Geological SUrvey of Canada, Paper 74-IA, Geology Report No. 1. p. 319. 38 MacKenzie, W.S. Norford, B.S., Barss, M.S., Brideaux, W.W., Chamney, T.P., 1971tb: Hare Indian Formation (Spore-bearing member); ~ Fritz, W.H., Hopkins, W.S., Jr., Jeletzky, J.A., Pedder, Report of Activities, Part A, Geological Survey of A.E.H., and Uyeno, LT. Canada, Paper 71t-lA, p. 321. 1971: Biostratigraphic determinations of fossils from the subsurface of the Yukon Territory and the 1971tc: Lower Paleozoic carbonates, C.D.R. Tenlen Lake District of Mackenzie; Geological Survey of A-73 well, Northwest Territories; in Report of Canada, Paper 71-15. Activities, Part B, Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 71t-l B, p. 265-270. Norford, B.S., Braun, W.K., Chamney, LP., Fritz, W.H., McGregor, D.C., Norris, A.W., Pedder, A.E.H., and Macqueen, R.W. and MacKenzie, W.S. Uyeno, T.T. 1973: Lower Paleozoic and Proterozoic Stratigraphy, 1970: Biostratigraphic determinations of fossils from Mobil Colville Hills E-15 well and environs, the subsurface of the Yukon Territory and the Interior Platform, District of Mackenzie; in Districts of Mackenzie and Franklin; Geological Report of Activities, Part B, Geological Survey Of Survey of Canada, Paper 70-15. Canada, Paper 73-lB, p. 183-187. Norford, B.S. and Macqueen, R.W. Macqueen, R.W., Williams, G.K., Barefoot, R.R., and 1975: Lower Paleozoic Franklin Mountain and Mount Foscolos, A.E. Kindle formations, District of Mackenzie: their 1975: Devonian metalliferous studies, Pine Point region, type sections and regional development; District of Mackenzie; in Report of Activities, Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 74- 31t. Part A, Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 75-lA, p. 553-556. Norris, A.W. 1965: Stratigraphy of Middle Devonian and older Matthews, D.D. Paleozoic rocks of the Great Slave Lake region, 1977: Cambrian unit; in Lower Mackenzie Energy Northwest Territories; Geological Survey of Corridor Study, Geological Component, AGAT Canada, Memoir 322. Consultants Ltd., p. C-l to C-1t8. North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature Meijer Drees, N.C. 1983: North American Stratigraphic Code; American 1971t: Geology of the "Bulmer Lake High", a gravity Association of Petroleum Geologists, Bulletin, feature in the southern Great Bear Plain, N.W.T.; v. 67, p. 81t1-875. ~ Report of Activities, Part B, Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 71t-l B, p. 271t-277. Pedder, A.E.H. 1975: Revised megafossil zonation of Middle and lowest 1975: Geology of the lower Paleozoic formations in the Upper Devonian strata, central Mackenzie valley; subsurface of the Fort Simpson area, District of ~ Report of Activities, Part A, Geological Survey Mackenzie, N. W.1., Geological Survey of Canada, of Canada, Paper 75-lA, p. 571-576. Paper 71t-1t0. Pugh, D.C. 1980: Description of the Hume, Funeral and Bear Rock 1975: Cambrian stratigraphy from western Alberta to formations in the Candex et al. Dahadinni M-1t3A northeastern British Columbia; Geological Survey well, District of Mackenzie; Geological Survey of of Canada, Paper 71t-37. Canada, Paper 78-17. 1983: Pre-Mesozoic geology in the subsurface of Peel in press: The Devonian succession in the subsurface of the River map area, Yukon Territory and District of Great Slave and Great Bear Plains, Northwest Mackenzie; Geological Survey of Canada, Territories; Geological Survey of Canada, Memoir 1t0l. Bulletin. Raasch and Associates, Ltd. Morrow, D.W. 1971: Slave Point Datum Project; Geological Survey of in press: The Silurian-Devonian sequence of the northern Canada, Open File nos. 697, 698. part of the Mackenize Shelf, Northwest Territories; . Geological Survey of Canada, Stewart, J.H. Bulletin. 1945: Recent exploratory deep drilling in Mackenzie River valley, Northwest Territories; Geological Morrow, D.W. and Cook, D.G. Survey of Canada, Paper 1t5-29. 1987: The Prairie Creek Embayment and lower Paleozoic stratigraphy of the southern Mackenzie Tassonyi, E.J. Mountains; Geological Survey of Canada, 1969: Subsurface geology, lower Mackenzie River and Memoir 1t12. Anderson River area, District of Mackenzie; Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 68-25. Morrow, D.W. and Meijer Drees, N.C. 1981: The Early to Middle Devonian Bear Rock Uyeno, T.T. Formation in the Type Section and in other 1978: Devonian conodont biostratigraphy of Powell surface sections, District of Mackenzie; in Creek and adjacent areas, western District of Current Research, Part A, Geological Survey Of Mackenzie; Geological Association of Canada, Canada, Paper 81-lA, p. 107-111t. Special Paper 18, p. 233-257. 39 Whittaker, E.J. Yorath, C.J. and Norris, D.K. 1922: Mackenzie River district between Great Slave 1975: The tectonic development of the southern Lake and Simpson; Geological Survey of Canada, Beaufort Sea and its relationship to the origin of Summary Report, 1921, Part B, p. 45-55. the Arctic Ocean Basin; in Canada's Continental Margins and Offshore Petroleum Exploration, Williams, G.K. C.J. Yorath, E.R. Parker, and D.J. Glass (eds.); 1975: "Arnica Platform Dolomite" (NTS 85, 95,96, 105, Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, 106), District of Mackenzie; in Report of Memoir 4, p. 589-612. Activities, Part C, Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 75-IC, p. 31-35. Young, G.M. 1981: The Amundsen Embayment, Northwest Terri Williams, M. Y. tories; relevance to the Upper Proterozoic 1922: Exploration east of the Mackenzie River between evolution of North America; in Proterozoic Basins Simpson and Wrigley; Geological Survey of of Canada, F.H.A. Campbcll (ed.); Geological Canada, Summary Report, 1921, Part B, p. 56-66. Survey of Canada, Paper 81-10, p. 203-218. 1923: Reconnaissance across northeastern British Columbia and the geology of the northern Young, G.M., Jefferson, C.W., Delaney, G.D., and Yeo, G.M. extension of Franklin Mountains, N.W.T.; 1979: Middle and Late Proterozoic evolution of the Geological Survey of Canada, Summary report, northern Canadian Cordillera and Shield; Geology, 1922, Part B, p. 65-87. v. 7, p. 125-128. Yorath, C.J., Balkwill, H.R., and Klassen, R.W. Young, G.M., Jefferson, C.W., Delaney, G.D., Yeo, G.M., and 1975: Franklin Bay and Malloch Hill map-areas, District Long, D.G.F. of Mackenzie; Geological Survey of Canada, 1982: Upper Proterozoic stratigraphy of Northwestern Paper 74-36. Canada and Precambrian history of the North Yorath, C.J. and Cook, D.G. American Cordillera; in S.E.G. Coeur d'Alene 1981: Cretaceous and Tertiary stratigraphy and paleo Field Conference, 1971"; Idaho Bureau of Mines geography, Northern Interior Plains, District of and Geology, Bulletin 24. Mackenzie; Geological Survey of Canada, Memoir 398. 40 APPENDIX 1 Paleontology Report on one Lower Cambrian fossil collection Loc. C-28100, slides 18 and 19: Tasmanites, Leiosphaeridia, from British Petroleum et al. Losh Lake G-22 and organic debris, of no stratigraphic significance. Well (lat. 65°51'29"N, long. 133°19'45"W), N.W.T. B.S. Norford submitted the collection for Loc. C-28101, slides 20 and 21: Same as previous. identification to W.H. Fritz in May 1977. The collection was returned to Calgary on May 20, Loc. C-281 02, slide 22: Dark brown to black, fragmented 1977. (NTS 106 F) organic debris, and Leiosphaeridia. Nothing identifiable or diagnostic of age. Field number Conodonts and age GSC loc. no. Loc. C-28103, slides 23 and 24: Unidentified thin-walled leiospherids, and one poorly preserved, thick, trilete spore. Although badly preserved, the spore resembles Tholisporites, Interval Olenellus gilberti? C-68087 Geminospora, or Archaeozonotriletes. Spores of these genera 3722-3732' Meek are most abundant in Givetian rocks, but occur also in the 0134.5 Paterina sp. Upper Devonian. 1137.5 m), Mount Cap Loc. C-28104, slides 25 and 26: Large, thin-walled Formation, specimens of Leiosphaeridia, poorly preserved and of no basal 10' (3 m) stratigraphic value. above Loc. C-28105, slides 27 and 28: Same as previous. contact with Old Loc. C-28106, slides 29 and 30: Corroded and pitted Fort Island Leiosphaeridia and ?Tasmanites, of no stratigraphic value. Formation. Loc. C-28107, slides 31 and 32: Same as previous. Remarks Loc. C-28108, slides 33 and 34: Well preserved dino flagellates of post-Paleozoic, possibly Jurassic-Cretaceous Upper Lower Cambrian (upper part of Bonnia-Olenellus age. As the preparations are from cuttings, the Zone). dinoflagellates could be either in situ or from cavings or drilling mud. It is difficult to tell which is the case without having examined samples from higher in the hole. Loc. C-28109, slide 35: Numerous Devonian spores. The Palynology of samples from the western District following were identified: of Mackenzie (NTS 96 and 106), submitted by W.S. MacKenzie. Identifications and comments Cirratriradites avius Alien by D.C. McGregor. Contagisporites optivus (Chibrikova) Owens var. optivus cf. Cristatisporites triangulatus (Alien) McGregor and Slides of palynological residues from 27 localities were Camfield submitted for study. Descriptions of the localities, provided Cymbosporites magnificus (McGregor) McGregor and by W.S. MacKenzie, appear at the end of the report. Camfield Grandispora protea (Naumova) Moreau-Benoit Loc. C-24313, slides 1-4: Large and small specimens of Hymenozonotriletes celeber Chibrikova Leiosphaeridia and rare, unidentifiable trilete spores. Hystricosporites sp. Sculpture, if originally present, is completely obscured by Kraeuselisporites ollii? (Chibrikova) McGregor and severe corrosion. The spores evidently are Silurian or Camfield younger but a more specific conclusion is not possible. cf. Triangula tisporites rootsii Chaloner (fragment) Loc. C-24403, slides 5-8: Similar to previous, but specimens The age indicated by this assemblage is early late slightly less corroded.' The only identifiable fossil is a Givetian. Cirratriradites avius and Hymenozonotriletes specimen of Lophozonotriletes sp. Spores of this type range celeber are both abundant, and are characteristic of mid to throughout the Middle and Upper Devonian. late Givetian strata in Vestspitsbergen and the south Urals respectively. CL Cristatisporites triangula tus may be a Loc. C-24415, slides 9-12: Highly corroded specimens of precursor of typical late Givetian C. triangulatus. CL Leiosphaeridia up to 300 ~ in diameter, of no stratigraphic Triangulatisporites rootsii is part of a morphon that includes value. the late Givetian species Aulicosporites vitabilis Alien. Loc. C-28110, slide 36: Dark brown to black fragmented Loc. C-24444, slides 13-16: Rare scolecodonts and small, organic debris and leiospheres, of no stratigraphic value. subtriangular, trilete spores, highly corroded, unidentifiable, and of no stratigraphic value beyond indicating a Silurian or Loc. C-281 11, slides 37 and 38: Extremely poorly preserved, younger age. In addition there are dark brown, subtriangular, dark brown to black, subcircular and irregular organic unsculptured spore-like structures about 15-45 ~ in structures, and rare light yellow Leiosphaeridia. Material of diameter, resembling fungal spores. They have no known at least two ages appears to be represented here, but neither stratigraphic significance. is of use for age determination. Loc. C-28099, slide 17: Carbonized organic debris and a few Loc. C-281 12, slides 39 and 40: Leiosphaeridia and specimens of ?Tasmanites. This genus is long-ranging in the ?Tasmanites, mostly 100-350 ~ in diameter, dark brown. No Devonian, and not useful for age determination at present. age determination possible. 41 Loc. C-28113, slides 41 and 42: Same as previous. Loc. C-28118A, slides 46 and 47: Indeterminate, dark brown to black, amorphous organic debris and Leiosphaeridia, of no Loc. C-28114, slides 43 and 44: There are palynomorph stratigraphic value. assemblages of at least three ages in this sample. The oldest, poorly preserved, probably is Givetian or early Frasnian, Loc. C-28119A, slides 48 and 49: Same as previous. based on one identifiable specimen of the spore Hymenozonotriletes celeber Chibrikova. The most abundant Loc. C-28120A, slides 50 and 51: Dark brown to black, pitted and well preserved component is Early Carboniferous, and broken Leiosphaeridia, and rare trilete spores. Of the probably Visean, and consists mostly of Dictyotriletes, spores, only Hystricosporites sp. and cf. ?Triangulatisporites Convolutispora, and densospores. The youngest is Mesozoic, rootsii Chaloner (fragment) could be identified. The age is possibly Early Cretaceous, based on the presence of spores Givetian or Frasnian. assignable to Cicatricosisporites, and dinoflagellates. I cannot say which of these assemblages is in situ, if any, as I Loc. C-28121A, slides 52 and 53: Pitted, broken, dark brown do not have enough information from other levels in the hole to black, unidentifiable leiospheres of no stratigraphic value. to put this sample in perspective. As the slides are from cuttings, the younger assemblages could represent caving. Loc. C-28122A, slides 54 and 55: Poorly preserved leiospheres and spores, unidentifiable and of no stratigraphic Loc. C- 28115, slide 45: This sample contains assemblages of value. at least three ages. The youngest is Mesozoic, possibly Cretaceous. One of the other assemblages, the best Loc. C-28123A, slides 56 and 57: Same as previous. preserved, contains Contagisporites optivus (Chibrikova) Owens, and is therefore late Givetian or Frasnian in age. The third assemblage is badly preserved, and its age is unknown. Slide no. GSC loco Well name Depth in feet (m) Latitude/longitude 1-4 C-24313 Imp. Mac No. 1 3110 (947.9) 65° 15'30"NjI26°53'OO"W 10° above base of Hare Indian 5-8 C-24403 Imp. Mac No. 1 1024 (312.1 ) 9-12 C-24415 Imp. Mac No. 1 522 (159.1) 13-16 C-24444 Imp. Mac No. 1 15' (4.6) above base of Hare Indian Fm. 17 C-28099 Thunder River D-69 640-700 (195.1-213.4) 67° 38'lO"Nj120° 12'40"W 18, 19 C-28100 Beavertail G- 26 700-730 (216.1-222.5) 65° 55'25"N; 128° 34'25"W 20, 21 C-28101 Shoals C-31 2210-2260 (673.6-688.9) 65° 30'07"N;128° 51'45"W 22 C-28102 Iroquois D-40 460-540 (140.2-164.6) 67"29'08"N;129°52'20"W 23, 24 C-28103 Maida Creek F -57 2130-2210 (649.2-673.6) 65° 36'17"N;128° 10'36"W 25, 26 C-28104 Maida Creek F-57 2160-2210 (658.4-673.6) 27, 28 C-28105 Maida Creek F -57 2300-2360 (701.0-719.3) 29, 30 C-28106 Maida Creek F -57 2370-2430 (722.4-740.7) 31, 32 C-28107 Maida Creek F-57 2220-2290 (676.7-698.0) 33, 34 C-28108 Hume River L-09 5050-5150 (1539.2-1569.9) 65°28'31"N; 129°31'32"W 35 C-28109 Oscar Creek H-71 640-730 (195.1-222.5) 65°30'20"Nj 127° 13'26"W 36 C-2811O Carcajou L-24 4500-4540 (1371.6-1383.8) 65° 33'34"Nj128°50'20"W 37, 38 C-28111 Mountain River H-47 1610-1620 (490.8-493.8) 65°46'23"Nj129°07'50"W 39, 40 C-28112 Hume River A-53 1860-1910 (566.9-582.1 ) 66 °02'12"Nj 129°09'46"W 41, 42 C-281l3 Grandview L-26 1310-1340 {399.3-408.4} 66°35'32"Nj130°20'21"W 43, 44 C-28114 Stewart B-30 5920-5970 (1804.4-1819.6) 64° 19'12"Nj125° 19'20"W 45 C-281l5 Dodo Canyon K-03 5750-5810 (1752.6-1770.9) 65°02'33"N;126°46'14"W 46, 47 C-28118A Mountain R. A-23 3000-3020 (914.4-920.5) 65°42'14"N; 129° 19'12"W 48, 49 C-28119A Iroquois 1-11 3060-3090 (932.7-941.4) 67°40'40"Nj 129°32'05"W 50, 51 C-28l20A Grandview No. 1 1550-1560 (472.4-475.5) 6?006'12"Nj 130°52'30"W 52, 53 C-28121A Little Chicago N-32 500-520 (152.4-158.5) 67° 11'46"Nj130006'55"W 54, 55 C-28122A Manuel Lk. J-42 860-920 (262.1-280.4) 67° 11'40"N; 129°23'15"W 56, 57 C-28123A Ontaratue K-4 1610-1650 (490.7-502.9) 66° 33'37.5"Nj 130 046'lO"W 42 Stratigraphic Report by A.E.H. Pedder on 17 subsurface Well, fauna and age GSC loc. no. Devonian fossil lots from S. W. District of level Mackenzie, submitted by N.C. Meijer Drees (NTS 95 G, H, I & N). /f009.5' 0222.1 m), As above C-65088 Hume Fm., /f63.5' Temnophyllum sp. (141.3 m), below indet. Stratigraphic Well, fauna and age GSC loc. no. top; 50.5' (15.4 m) gastropods, indet. level above top of Age: Middle or Late Headless Fm. Devonian (not Famennian) 3805' 0159.8 m), Candex et al. C-65089 4020' (1225.3 m), As above C-650n Hume Fm., 259' Dahadinni M-43A Hume Fm., 474' Alveolites sp. novo (79.9 m), below 63° 52'59"N; (144.5 m), below Age: Middle Devonian, top; 255' (77.7 m) 124°39'15"W; 95 N top; 40' (12.2 m) Eifelian above top of Radiastraea sp. cL above top of Headless Fm. R. trichomisca Headless Fm. (Crickmay) Age: Middle Devonian, 4048' 0233.8 m), As above C-65091 late EifeIian Hume Fm., 502' Alveolites? sp. (153.0 m), below Age: Devonian? 3864' 0177.8 m), As above C-64521 top; 12' (3.7 m), Hume Fm., 318' Alveolites sp. novo above top of (96.9 m), below Age: Middle Devonian, Headless Fm. top; 196' (59.7 m) Eifelian above top of 431/f' 0314.9 m), As above C-65096 Headless Fm. Landry Fm., 52' gastropods 05.9 m), below Age: not determinable 3866' 0178.3 m), As above C-64523 top; 58/f.5' Hume Fm., 320' Digonophyllum sp. cL 078.2 m), above (97.5 m), below D. powellense top of Bear Rock top; 194' (59.1 m) McLean Fm. above top of Age: Middle Devonian, Headless Fm. probably late Eifelian 4/f13' 03/f5.1 m), As above C-65095 Fm. Landry Fm., 151' tabulate coral, gen. (46.0 m), below novo (Multitheco- 3878' 0182.0 m), As above C-6/f525 top; 485'5 poridae) Hume Fm., 332' Radiastraea trichomisca 048.0 m), above Age: Probably Middle (101.2 m), below (Crickmay) top of Bear Rock Devonian top; 182' (55.5 m) Age: Middle Devonian, Fm. above top of late Eifelian Headless Fm. /f986' 0519.7 m), As above C-65093 Bear Rock Fm., Chovanella burgessi 3881' 0182.9 m), As above C-64524 88.5' (27.0 m), Peck & Eyer Hume Fm., 335' Lekanophyllum? sp. below top Age: Middle Devonian (108.2 m), below indet. (faulted and top; 179' (54.3 m) Age: Early or Middle repeated below). above top of Devonian Headless Fm. 3988' 0215.5 m), As above C-65094 Remarks Hume Fm., /f/f2' Tikhinella sp. indet. (13/f.7 m), below Stachyodes sp. indet. top; 72' (21.9 m) Thamnopora sp. indet. 1. Candex et al. Dahadinni M-43A above top of rugose coral, indet. Headless Fm. fragment Although the specimen of Radiastrea in C-65089 gastropods (3805', 1159.8 m) cannot be firmly identified, both it ostracodes and R. trichomisca (Crickmay) in C-64525 (3878', Age: Middle or Late 1182.0 m) should be considered diagnostic of the Hume Devonian Formation (adoceta and lower dysmorphostrota Zones of Pedder, 1975). Species that a decade or so ago would 4002' 0219.8 m), As above C-65090 have been accommodated in Alveolites or Caliapora Hume Fm., 456' Pachyfavosites sp. have recently been assigned to a number of new genera (139.0 m), below undet. (Mironova, 197/f). In the light of Mironova's and other top; 58' 07.7 m) Age: Early or Middle work, the forms identified as Alveolites in C-64521 above top of Devonian (386/f', 1177.7 m) and C-650n (4020', 1225.2 m) may Headless Fm. belong to another genus. Regardless of this possibility the species, which has not been named, is typical of the 43 Hume Formation. Firm identification of the large Mironova, N.V. cystimorph corals in C-64523 (3866'/1178.3 m) and 1974: Rannedevonskie tabulyaty gornogo Altaya C-64524 (3881'/1182.9 m) is impossible, because only Salaira; Sibirskiy Nauchno-Issledovatel'skiy incomplete specimens were recovered from the small Institut Geologii, Geofiziki i Mineral'nogo Syr'ya, diameter core. The occurrence of the foraminifer Vyp. 163. genus Tikhinella in C-65094 (3881'/1182.9 m) is important (see above). The new tabulate coral in Pedder, A.E.H. C-65095 is probably related to both Syringoporella and 1971: Dohmophyllum and a new related genus of corals Spiroclados, and, therefore, should be of Middle from the Middle Devonian of northwestern Devonian age. Rice (j971, p. 10) gave the range of the Canada; Geological Survey Canada, Bulletin 197, charophyte species Chovanella burgessi as late Eifelian p.37-77. to late Givetian. However, the occurrence in the Bear Rock Formation at a depth of 4986 feet 0519.7 m) Pedder, A.E.H. (C-65093) is possibly early or middle, rather than late 1975: Revised megafossil zonation of Middle and lowest Eifelian. Upper Devonian strata, central Mackenzie Valley; Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 75-1 A, p.571-576. 2. Pan American A-I Mattson I11 Pel, J. and Lejeune, M. Dendrostella trigemme occurs with 1971: Trypanopora gabeliensis sp. nov., tabule Stringocephalus in the McDame Group of British enigrnatique du Mesodevonien superieur de Givet Columbia and some other parts of the world (Old World (France); Annales Societe Geologique Belgique, Faunal Realm). These occurrences are considered to be tome 94, p. 295-300. Givetian, but by far the greatest number of occurrences in Western Canada are in the upper Eifelian Hume, Rice, H.M.A. Nahanni, Headless and Dunedin formations and their 1971: Some Devonian charophytes from Western equivalents. The occurrence of the foraminifer genus Canada; Geological Survey of Canada, Tikhinella is important; previously it was regarded as Paper 70-60. being highly characteristic, if not entirely diagnostic, of the Upper Devonian Frasnian Stage (Toomey et al., Toomey, D.F., Mountjoy, E.W. and Mackenzie, W.S. 1970). 1970: Upper Devonian (Frasnian) algae and foraminifera from the Ancient Wall carbonate complex, Jasper National Park, Alberta, Canada; Canadian Journal 3. Gulf et al. Trout River D-14 Earth Sciences, v. 7, p. 946-981. Collections from depths of 1500 to 1628.5 feet (457.2-496.4 m) in this well were reported on by the present author in Paleontological Report No. HRB-25-AEHP-71. In outcrop, Psydracophyllum lonsdaleiaforme is known from the Nahanni and Report by A.R. Sweet on Leiosphaeridia sp. in Headless formations of southwest District of Mackenzie five samples of the Hare Indian Formation for (Pedder, 1971), while Sociophyllum redactum occurs in W.S. MacKenzie (Project 710010). the type exposure of the Horn Plateau reef (McLaren and Norris, 1964). The Nahanni and Headless formations are believed to be late Eifelian and therefore slightly older than the early Givetian Horn Localities: District of Mackenzie Plateau Formation. I. McDermott Canada GCO. Maida Ck., F-57 (65°36'I7"N, 128° lO'36"W, NTS 106 H); interval 4. Imp. Triad Harris River F-71 2120-2130 feet (646.2-649.2 m); sample C-23941. The discovery of a species of Trypanopora in the 2. IMP Canol Mac III (65° 15'30"N, 126°59'OO"W, Lonely Bay Formation of this well (2291', 698.3 m; NTS 96 El; 3110 feet (947.9 m) depth, 10 feet (3.1 m) C-76466) is the first record of the genus in North above base of Hare Indian Formation; sample C-24313. America. The oldest and youngest well dated occurrence of the genus currently known are in the 3. IMP Canol Hoosier Ridge III (65° 24'16"N, 127° 32'14"W, Zlichovian Bindi and Cavan limestones of southwestern NTS 96 E); 1024 feet (312.1 m) depth, 36 feet (11.0 m) Australia, and Upper Givetian limestone at above base of Hare Indian Formation; sample C-24403. Mont d'Haurs, France (Pel and Lejeune, 1971). 4. Delcalta et al., Rond Lake 115 (67°06'OO"N, 128°24'55"W, NTS 106 Pl; 522 feet 059.1 m) depth, 31 feet (9.5 m) above base of Hare Indian Formation; References sample C-24415. McLaren, D.J. and Norris, A.W. 5. Powell Creek locality (65° 16'00"N, 128°46'00"W, 1964: Fauna of the Devonian Horn Plateau Formation, NTS 106 H); from 15 feet (4.6 m) above base of Hare District of Mackenzie; Geological Survey of Indian Formation; sample C-24444. Canada, Bulletin 114. 44 The maximum diameters of one hundred algal spore Collector's note: probable age, Early Ordovician; Cherty cases from each of the five samples referable to the genus member top at 3990' 0216.2 m), overlain by Leiosphaeridia were measured to determine the range of Cretaceous. variability of this spore type over an extended geographic area. The per cent frequency size distribution was then calculated for each population using a class size of Unnamed fm., Decalta Keele N-62 C-50559/ 25 microns. 284-0 to 3030' 64-°2I'4-8 I N,124-°57'12"W 284-0-3030 (865.6-923.5 m) (NTS 96 C) (865.6-923.5) On the basis of size distribution one could consider two below top species to be present (one greater than 150 ]J in diameter and (Con. no. 732-2; one less than 150 ]J in diameter); however, there is no other wt. = 131 g) morphological basis for making such a distinction. Groupings of spores of various sizes were observed. This may mean that Remarks: No conodonts the total assemblage belongs to one biological species and that the variation in spore size within a single sporangiaI (?) CoHector's note: top at 284-1' (866.0 m), overlain by mass is a reflection of either: Cretaceous; probable age, Ordovician, perhaps Silurian-Devonian. 1. A mixture of mature and immature specimens, or 2. Differential sporal development within a single Unnamed fm., Cdn. Res Keller Lake C-50560/ sporangia ei ther by the partial abortion of some 2900 to 3090' 0-13,64-° 12'53"N, 2900-3090 of the spores or a tendency toward heterospory. (883.9-94- 1.8 m) 122° I 7'25"W (NTS 96 B) (883.9-94- 1.8) below top (Con. Most probably the variation in size distribution (Fig. I) no. 732-3; within the different samples is a factor of size sorting during wt. = 131 g) deposition. Hence, the value of these palynomorphs might be in their use as indicators of energy conditions within the Remarks: No conodonts basin of deposition. CoHector's note: suspect no pre-Devonian at bottom of Leiosphaeridia has no specific age significance. well; interval overlain by Devonian Bear Rock Group. Scolecodonts and small anomalous trilete spores were seen in sample C-24-4-4-4-. Trilete spores were also seen in C-24-4-03. Unnamed fm., Old Fort Point E-30 C-52551/ 1331.5 to 64°4-9'26"N,124-°50'16"W 1331.5-1332.5 1332.5' (NTS 96 C) (4-05.8-4-06. J) (4-05.8-4-06.1 m) below top. (Con. Report by T.T. Uyeno on five lots of conodont samples from no. 732-4-; four wells in the Fort Norman area, west-central District of wt. = 4-60 g) Mackenzie (NTS 96 B, C), submitted by D.C. Pugh. Remarks: No conodonts Field no. and LocaJity, conodonts GSC loco CoHector's note: probable age, Ordovician. stratigraphy and age no. Unnamed fm., Old Fort Point E-30 C-5255J/ FrankJin Mtn. Candel East Mackay B-4-5 C-50558/ 2578.5 to 2579' 64- °4-9'26"N,124-° 50' I 6"W 2578.5-2579 Fm, Cherty 64-°4-4-'09 I N,125°38'18"W 4-000-5000 (785.9-786.1 m) (NTS 96 C) (785.9-786.1 ) mbr., 4-000 (NTS 96 C) (]219-1524) below top. to 5000' (Con. no. 732-5; 0219-1524 m) Oneotodus variabilis wt. = 4-99 g) below top Lindstrom (Con. no. "Scolopodus" gracilis Remarks: No conodonts 732-1; Ethington and Clark wt. = 4-00/g) (graciliform element) Collector's note: probable age, Ordovician. Age: Early Ordovician, early Arenigian ("Scolopodus" References quadriplicatus afL Scolopodus rex Interval Ethington, R.L. and Clark, D.L. of Ethington and Clark, 1982) 1982: Lower and Middle Ordovician conodonts from the Ibex area, western Millard County, Utah; Brigham Remarks: CAI 2 "Scolopodus" gracilis has its first occurrence Young University Geology Studies, v.28, pt. 2, within the "S." quadriplicatus aff. S. rex Interval, but p. 155. ranges considerably higher. Oneotodus variabilis has been previously reported from the Road River Tipnis, R.S., Chatterton, B.D.E., and Ludvigsen, R. Formation at the Broken Skull River section. There it 1979: Ordovician conodont biostratigraphy of the occurs about 37 m below a sample that yielded a southern District of Mackenzie; Geological conodont fauna diagnostic of this interval (Tipnis et al., Association of Canada, Special Paper 18, 1979). p. 39-91, (imprint 1978). 45 Report by T.T. Uyeno on four lots of conodont samples from Note: in the following report, the ages of the the Vera Formation in southwestern District of Mackenzie conodonts are quoted in terms of conodont zones (see (NTS 95 F), and from Aquitaine Old Fort Point E-30 well in attached figure from Klapper and Johnson, 1980, Fort Norman area, District of Mackenzie (NTS 96 C), Text-fig. I, for the correlation of these zones with the submitted by D.G. Cook. standard stages). This is because the selection of the Lower-Middle and Middle-Upper Devonian boundaries are yet to be made by the Subcommission on Devonian 76-CW -80B; 61°55'15"N,124°55'10"W C-59499 Stratigraphy. The prevailing opinion is that the base of Vera Fm. (Con. (NTS 95 F) southwestern the Lower dengleri Subzone will be ultimately selected no. 650-1; District of Mackenzie for the Middle-Upper Devonian boundary, and the base wt. = 1549 g) of the partitus Zone (upper half of the patultts Zone on Ozarkodina confluens the attached figure) for the Lower-Middle Devonian (Branson and Mehl), boundary. alpha morphotype of Klapper and Murphy (1975) Stratigraphic level Conodonts and age in 95 F/15 near O. remscheidensis (wt. of sample) base of Vera Fm. remscheidensis in Tundra Thrust- (Ziegler) plate I. Candex et al. Dahadinni M-43A Age: latest Silurian, Lat. 63°52'59.3"N, long. 124°39'15.I"W; NTS 95 N late Pridolian (upper- GSC loc. C-64552 (Con. no. 652) most eosteinhomensis See also Report no. 10-TTU-77. Zone) 3710.5' (1131.0 m); Panderodus sp. (2 specimens) Remarks: CAI5 Nahanni Fm. (217 g) Age: Middle Ordovician to Middle Collector's note: Silurian-Devonian Devonian, and possibly early Late Devonian (depending on the placement of the Middle-Upper Unnamed fm., Aquitaine Old Fort Point C-52551/ Devonian boundary) 910 to 925' E-30 well, 64°49'26"N, 9[0-925 (277.4-281.9 m) 124°50'16"W (NTS 96 C) (277.4-28 [.9) below top. (Con. 2. Decalta et al. Johnson A-12 no. 511-2; Remarks: No conodonts wt. = 387 g) Lat. 61 °3I'02"N, long. 124°02'75"W; NTS 95 F GSC loc. no. C-45952 (Con. no. 54) Unnamed fm., Same locality as C-52551/ 2161.5' (658.8 m); Icriodus difficilis Ziegler and 1325 to 1336' C-52551 1325-1336 Hare Indian Fm. Klapper (403.9-407.2 m) (403.9-407.2) (658 g) Polygnathus varcus Stauffer below top. (Con. Remarks: No conodonts Group of Klapper et a1. (1970) no. 511-3; Schmidtognathus wittekindti wt. = [980 g) Ziegler Age: Lower hermanni-cristatus Unnamed fm., Same locality as C-5255[/ Zone to lower part of the Lower 2568 to 2583' C-52551 2568-2583 asymmetricus Zone (but probably (782.7-787.3 m) (782.7-787.3) Upper dengleri Zone to lower part below top. Remarks: No conodonts of the Lower asymmetricus Zone, (Con. nos. with control at the 2192-foot 511-1 and 4; level) wt. =2.9 g) 2192' (668.1 m); Hare Elsonella rhenana Lindstrom Reference Indian Fm. (593 g) and Ziegler Icriodus difficilis Ziegler and Klapper, G. and Murphy, M.A. Klapper 1975: Silurian-Lower Devonian conodont sequence in I. subterminus Youngquist the Roberts Mountains Formation of central Palmatolepis disparilis Ziegler Nevada; University of California, Publications in and Klapper Geological Sciences 111, p. 62 (imprint 1974). Polygnathus varcus Stauffer Group of Klapper et a1. (1970) Report by T.T. Uyeno on 78 lots of Middle and Upper Age: Upper dengleri Subzone Devonian conodont samples from 14 wells located in southwestern District of Mackenzie and southeastern Yukon Territory (NTS 85 E, F, L; 95 A, B, F, G, H, J, N), submitted by N.C. Meijer Drees. 46 References Remarks: The pedderi-parawebbi faunal unit also occurs in the lower part of the Hume Formation at Powell Creek, Chatterton, B.D.E. western District of Mackenzie (Uyeno, in press). There 1979: Aspects of late Early and Middle Devonian the unit occurs within the brachiopod "Schuchertella" conodont biostratigraphy of western and adoceta Zone. northwestern Canada; in Western and Arctic Canadian BiostratigraPhY; C.R. Stelck and Conodont Color Alteration Index (CA!) = 4Y,. B.D.E. Chatterton (eds.); Geological Association of Canada, Special Paper 1&, p. 161-231 (imprint 197&). 4625-4627.5' indeterminate conodont C-46949/ (1410-1410.5 m); fragments only (2) 4625-4627.5 Klapper, G. and Johnson, J.G. core 67, box 2, (1410-1410.5) 19&0: Endemism and dispersal of Devonian conodonts; Funeral Fm. Journal of Paleontology, v. 54, p. 400-455. (464 g) Klapper, G., Philip, G.M., and Jackson, J.H. Remarks: Conodont CAI = 6; conodonts from this interval 1970: Revision of the Polygnathus varcus Group suggest a high degree of metamorphism (Epstein et al., (Conodonta, Middle Devonian); Neues Jahrbuch 1977) fur Geologie and Palaontologie, Monatshefte, Jahrgang 1970, p. 650-667. The following intervals did not yield any conodonts: Pollock, C.A. Weight of samples 196&: Lower Upper Devonian conodonts from Alberta, Intervals processed (g) Canada; Journal of Paleontology, v. 42, p.415-443. 459&.5-4600.5' (1401.6-1402.2 m); 340 Uyeno, T.T. core 66, box I 1974: Conodonts of the Waterways Formation (Upper Devonian) of northeastern and central Alberta; 4627.5-4630' (14 I 0.5-14 11.2 m); 342 Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 232. core 67, box 2 Ziegler, W. 4710-4711' (1435.7-1436.0 m); 2&7 1966: Eine Verfeinerung der Conodontengliederung an core 72, box 2 der Grenze Millel-/Oberdevon; Fortschritte in der Geologie von Rheinland und Westfalen, v. 9, 4726-4727' (1440.5-1440.& m); 13& p. 647-676 (imprint 1965). core 73, box 14&56-4&57' (14&0.0-14&0.4 m); 260 core 79, box 3 Report by T.T. Uyeno on nine lots of conodont samples from the Candex et al. Dahadinni M-43A well located 4866-4867' (1483.0-1483.5 m); 317 at latitude 63°52'59.3"N, longitude 124°39'15.1"W, core 80, box 2 western District of Mackenzie, submitted by N.C. Meijer Drees (NTS 95 N). 4875-4876' (1485.9-1486.2 m); 335 core 81, box 1 Well interval Conodonts and age GSC loc. no. and stratigraphy References 4622.5-4625' Icriodus afL I. angustus C-46949/ Epstein, A.G., Epstein, J.B., and Harris, L.D. (1409-1410 m); Stewart and Sweet of 4622.5-4625 1977: Conodont Color Alteration - an index to organic core 67, box 2; Bultynck (1972) (two (1409-1410) metamorphism; United States Geological Survey, Funeral Fm. I elements; small form) Professional Paper 995, 27 p. (332 g) Age: early to mid-Couvinian/ Uyeno, T.T. Eifelian; Pelekysgnathus in press: Devonian conodont biostratigraphy of Powell pedderi-Polygnathus parawebbi Creek and adjacent areas, western District of (early form) faunal unit of Mackenzie; Geological Association of Canada, Uyeno (in press) Warren Symposium volume. 47 APPENDIX 2 Logs of Wells A-12 to P-78 4-9 Borehole Depth I. A-12 feet (m) Lithology Log of Decalta J ohnson A-12 Bluefish Member Location: 63°31'02"N,124°02'15"W (Thickness: 7.6 mf25 ft.) Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 563.0 m (1847 ft.) Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; 3195-3220 Shale: black, bituminous, calcareous, with depth adjusted to sonic log. (973.8-981.5) calcite streaks and patterns; grading to Limestone: very argillaceous Borehole Depth feet (m) Lithology Hume Formation Top at 418.5 m (1373 ft.) below sea level UPPER DEVONIAN Thickness: 162.2 m (532 ft.) Imperial Formation Upper member (Thickness: 48.8 m!160 ft.) Top at bedrock, 563.0 m (1847 ft.) above sea level Thickness: 609.9 m (200 I ft.) 3220-3380 Limestone: grey-buff to dark grey-brown, (981.5-1030.2) some chalky buff; micrograined, some 0-50 Samples missing aphanitic; some shell fragments; some (0-15.2) calcite, whi te 50-500 Siltstone: slightly green-grey, micaceous, (15.2-152.4) in part argillaceous; grading to Middle member Shale: grey, silty, micromicaceous; shale (Thickness: 64.3 mf211ft.) increases downward Trace of sandstone: pale green-grey, pale 3380-3591 Limestone: as above; any shale present is buff-grey, very fine grained, silty, in (1030.2-1094.5) hidden among Hare Indian shale part siliceous cavings -500-2001 Shale: grey to dark grey, micromicaceous; Headless Member (-152.4-609.9) grading to (Thickness: 49.1 m/l61 ft.) Shale: green-grey, very silty; grades downward to 3591-3752 Limestone: buff-grey to dark brown-grey, Shale: grey to very dark grey, micro (1094.5-1143.6) micro- to very fine-grained, in part micaceous, flaky to splintery silty and argillaceous, biodastic; some shale: grey and black DEVONIAN Landry Formation Thickness: >617.2 m (>2025 ft.) Top at 580.6 m (1905 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 46.6 m (153 ft.) Horn River Group 3752-3905(R) Limestone: buff-grey and buff to dark Thickness: 371.6 m (1219 ft.) (1143.6-1190.2) brown, aphanitic to micrograined; some limestone: buff, brown Canol Formation and white, pelletal; much calcite, white Top at 46.9 m (154 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 37.5 m (123 ft.) Arnica Formation 2001-2124 Shale: black, bituminous, siliceous, micro (609.9-647.4) micaceous; some pyrite; at 2iOO Top at 627.3 m (2058 ft.) below sea level 2110 feet (640.0-643.1 m), some Thickness: >36.9 m (>121 ft.) chert: very pale blue 3905(R)-4026 Very poor samples - no dolomite observed (1190.2-1227.1) Ramparts Formation Total depth: 1227.1 m Top at 84.4 m (277 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 8.2 m (27 ft.) Platform member/Siltstone lentil 2124-2151 Limestone: grey-buff, micrograined, very (647.4-655.6) silty; grading to 2. A-16 Siltstone: buff, calcareous, argillaceous Some calcite veins Log of Imperial Hossler Ridge No. 2 Location: 65°25'00"N, 127"32'II"W Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 84.1 m (276 ft.) Hare Indian Formation Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; depth adjusted to electric log. Sample quality poor. Top at 92.7 m 004 ft.) Thickness: 325.8 m (1069 ft.) Grey shale member UPPER DEVONIAN (Thickness: 318.2 m/l044 ft.) Imperial Formation 2151-2930 Shale: pale grey, flaky, slightly (655.6-893.1) calcareous, very micromicaceous. At Top at bedrock, 68.9 m (226 ft.) above sea level 2161.5 feet (658.8 m) and 2192 feet Thickness: 245.1 m (804 ft.) (668.1 m) - conodonts, Middle-Upper Devonian boundary, T.T. Uyeno (see 50(5)-470 Siltstone: grey, micromicaceous Appendix I) (15.2-143.3) Shale: dark grey, micromicaceous, in part silty -2930-3195 Shale: grey to dark grey, flaky, micro (-893.1-973.8) micaceous; grading downward to dark -470-854 Shale: dark grey. micromicaceous, in part grey to black <-143.3-260.3) silty 50 Borehole Depth Borehole Depth feet (m) Lithology feet (m) LithoJogy DEVONIAN 2470?-2500(5) Limestone: brown, aphanitic (752.9?-762.0) Thickness estimated at 790 m (2592 ft.) Arnica Formation Horn River Group Top at 677.9 m (2224 ft.) below sea leveJ Thickness: 387.7 m (1272 ft.) Thickness: 18.3 m (60 ft.) Canol Formation 2500(5)...2560(5) DoJomite: buff, brown, fine crystaJJine, (762.0-780.3) sucrosic; some intercrystalline Top at 176.2 m (578 ft.) below sea leveJ porosity Thickness: 20.1 m (66 ft.) 854-878 Dolomite: brown, siliceous, probably in Fort Norman Formation (260.3-267.6) part pyritic Top at 696.2 m (2284 ft.) below sea Jevel 878-902 Shale: bJack, pyritic Thickness: >48.2 m (> J58 ft.) (267.6-274.9) 2560(S)...2700 Anhydrite: pale buff, pale grey, white AJJochthonous limestone (780.3-823.0) (Thickness: 5.5 m!l 8 ft.) 2700-2718 5amples missing 902-920 Electric log and a few cuttings indicate (823.0-828.5) (274.9-280.4) limestone debris Total depth: 828.5 m Ramparts Formation Top at 196.3 m (644 ft.) beJow sea JeveJ Thickness: 158.5 m (520 ft.) Reef member (Thickness: 122.8 m/403 ft.) 3. A-23 920-1323 Limestone: pale buff to white; reef Log of Arco Smokjng Hills A-23 (280.4-403.3) Location: 69°22'06"N, 126°20'30"W Elevation of KeJJy Bushing: 292.0 m (958 ft.) PJatform member WeJJ log prepared by the writer based on driJJ cuttings; (Thickness 20.4 m/67 ft.) no mechanical logs available. J323-1390 Limestone: buff to brown, very fine (403.3-423.7) grained; some limestone: brown, very silty MESOZOIC Thickness: 338.3 m (1110 ft.) 5il tstone lentil Basal beds (Lower Cretaceous?) (Thickness: 15.2 m/50 ft.) 1260(S)...1450(5) Sand: medium to very coarse grained, sub 1390-1440 Siltstone: grey, in part coarse grained, (384.1-442.0) rounded quartz; some Jarger grains; (423.7-438.9) micaceous probabJy some reworked Paleozoic rock in the lower part Hare Indian Formation Top at 354.8 m (1164 ft.) below sea level DEVONIAN Thickness: 209.1 m (686 ft.) Thickness: >149.4 m (>490 ft.) Grey shale member (Thickness: 175.2 m/575 ft.) Landry Formation 1440-2015 Shale: grey, micaceous, silty, slightly Top at 150.0 m (492 ft.) below sea level (438.9-614.2) calcareous Thickness: 76.2 m (250 ft.) Bluefish Member 1450(5)...1660(S) Limestone: pale buff to buff and white, (Thickness: 33.8 m/ J11 ft.) (442.0-506.0) aphanitic to micrograined, grading downward to more characteristic buff 2015-2126 Shale: black, bituminous brown wi th traces of peJJets (614.2-648.0) 1660(S)...1700(5) Limestone: pale buff to white, aphanitic Hume Formation (506.0-518.2) to micrograined; in part dolomitic Top at 563.9 m (1850 ft.) beJow sea Jevel Thickness: 104.9 m (344 ft.) Arnica Formation 2126-2163 Limestone: argiJJaceous, and Top at 226.2 m (742 ft.) beJow sea JeveJ (648.0-659.3) Shale: grey, calcareous Thickness: >73.2 m (>240 ft.) 2163~2240 Limestone: pale buff to buff-grey, micro 1700(5)...1720(5) DoJomite: pale buff, very fine, fine and (659.3~82.8) grained, in part fine grained, in part (518.2-524.3) medium crystalline argiJJaceous I 720(5)...1940(S) Dolomite: buff, brown and pale buff, -2240-2470? Limestone: grey-buff, very fine grained, (524.3-591.3) micro-crystalJine, very fine and fine (-682.8-752.9?) in part silty crystalline Shale: grey, calcareous Total depth: 596.2 m Landry Formation Top at 668.7 m (2194 ft.) below sea Jevel Thickness: 9.1 m (30 ft.) 51 Borehole Depth 4. A-28 feet (m) Lithology Log of Decalta Keele S. A-28 Grey shale member Location: 64°07'03"N, 125°04'10"W (Thickness: 51.8 m/UO ft.) Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 390.1 m (1280 ft.) Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; 7550-7720 Shale: grey, some dark grey and green depth adjusted to sonic log. (2301.2-2353.1 ) grey, flaky to splintery, noncalcareous Black shale member Borehole Depth (Thickness: 191.4 m/628 ft.) feet (m) Lithology 7720-8153 Shale: black, bituminous, siliceous, very (2353.1-2485.0) micromicaceous; trace pyrite 8153-8348 Shale: grey to dark grey and black, in MESOZOIC AND (?)TERllARY (2485.0-2544.5) part micromicaceous, noncalcareous Thickness: 1161.0 m (3809 ft.) Bluefish Member Basal beds (Lower Cretaceous?) (Thickness: 34.1 m/112 ft.) 3842-3869 Shale: dark brown-grey to black, very 8348-8430 Shale: black, bi tuminous, in part slightly (1171.0-1179.3) micromicaceousj trace pyrite; some (2544.5-2569.5) calcareous; trace pyri te shale: white, waxy, in part micaceous. 8430-8460 Shale: as above, thinly interbedded with (2569.5-2578.6) Limestone: black and white; grading from black speckled and streaked with UPPER DEVONIAN white to white with black streaks; bi tuminous, argillaceous, fossi1iferous Imperial Formation Top at 789.1 m (2589 ft.) below sea level Hume Formation Thickness: 1072.0 m (3517 ft.) Top at 2188.4 m (7180 ft.) below sea level 3869~3980 Siltstone: pale green, argillaceous, Thickness: 233.2 m (765 ft.) (l179.3~12l3.l) micromicaceou5; some shale: grey- green Upper member (Thickness: 71.9 m/236 ft.) -3980-5395 Shale: grey-green to grey, micro H213.l-1644.4) micaceous; some siltstone: pale green, 8460-8696 Limestone: chalky buff with white specks micaceous; grades downward to (2578.6-2650.5) and streaks, to brown with white Shale: grey to green-grey, micromica streaks and veins; micrograined ceous; and Siltstone: grey, pale grey, pale green, in Middle member part micaceous (Thickness: 92.0 m1302 ft.) 8696-8907 Limestone: brown, dark brown, buff, (2650.5-2714.9) white, micro-to very fine-grained, some aphanitic, in part biodastic; 5395-5509 Limestone: pale buff, biodastic, fossili some shale: grey, calcareous, si1ty, (1644.4-1679.0 ferous, in part very si1ty; some grading to siltstone limestone: brown, buff, aphanitic 8907-8998 Limestone: brown, dark brown, buff, pale 5509---6630 Siltstone: pale green to pale grey-green, (2714.9-2742.6) buff, micro- to very fine-grained, (1679.1-2020.8) micaceous, in part argillaceous, in bioclastic part slightly calcareous; some shale: green-grey, micromicaceous Headless Member (Thickness: 69.2 m/227 ft.) -6630-7386 Shale: grey, micromicaceous, in part silty; (-2020.8-2251.3) grading to 8998-9225 Limestone: brown, dark brown, argil- Siltstone: green-grey, micaceous, argil (2742.6-2811.8) laceous, silty laceous; grades downward to Shale: black, calcareous, splintery Shale: brown-grey, micromicaceous, sil ty; grading to Siltstone: grey to grey-brown, micaceous Landry Formation Top at 2421.6 m (7945 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 127.7 m (419 ft.) DEVONIAN 9225-9510 Limestone: brown, buff, mainly (2811.8-2898.7) aphanitic, trace pelletal, in part Thickness: >949.2 m (>3116 ft.) micrograined; some limestone: very dark brown, aphanitic, argillaceous Horn River Group 9510-9644 Limestone: brown, dark brown, some buff, Thickness: 327.8 m (1074 ft.) (2898.7-2939.5) aphanitic, some pelletal and fine grained; bioclastic; some interbedded Canol Formation dolomite: buff, microsucrosic Top at 1861.1 m (6106 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 50.0 m (164 ft.) Fort Norman Formation 7386-7550 Shale: black, bituminous; with some pyrite Top at 2549.3 m (8364 ft.) below sea level (2251.3-2301.2) Thickness: >260.9 m (>856 ft.) Hare Indian Formation 9644-10500 Anhydrite and dolomite (grey, buff, (2939.5-3200.4) brown, in part anhydritic) Top at 1911.1 m (6270 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 277.4 m (910ft.) Tolal depth: 3200.4 m 52 Borehole Depth 5. A-J7b feet (m) Lithology Log of Imperial Bluefish No.I-A Home Formation Location: 64° 56'01"N, 125° 50'54"W Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 67.1 m (220 ft.) Top at 702.0 m (2303 ft.) below sea level Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; Thickness: 114.0 m (374 ft.) depth adjusted to electric log. Sample quality poor. Upper member (Thickness: 52.1 m!l71 ft.) Borehole Depth feet (m) Lithology 2523-2694 Limestone: buff, white, brown, micro- to (769.0-821.1) fine-grained, biodastic; at 2556 feet (779 m) Favosites, at 2658 feet (810.2 m) brachiopods and ostracodes, MESOZOIC at 2562 feet (780.9 m) brachiopods (Raasch and Associates, Ltd., 1971) Thickness: 383.4 m (1258 ft.) Basal beds (Lower Cretaceous?) Middle member (Thickness: 51.5 m!l69 ft.) -1618 Shale: dark grey, micromicaceous (-493.2) 2694-2830 Limestone: grey, grey-puff, brown, micro- (821.1-862.6) to very fine-grained, in part argillaceous UPPER DEVONIAN Shale: grey, brown-grey, calcareous Imperial Formation 2830-2863 Limestone: grey-buff, whi te, brown, (862.6-872.6) micro- to very fine-grained Top at 426.1 m (1398 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 87.4 m (287 ft.) Headless Member (Thickness: 10.4 m!34 ft.) Jun 2863-2897 Limestone: as above; and (872.6-883.0) Shale: grey, brown-grey, calcareous 1618-1640 Limestone: buff, crumbly (493.2-499.9) Shale: buff-grey, soft, very micaceous, bentonitic Landry Formation 1640-1780 Shale: grey, silly, calcareous, micro Top at 816.0 m (2677 ft.) below sea level (499.9-542.5) micaceous Thickness: 7.0 m (23 ft.) 1780-1905 Shale: dark grey 2897-2920 Limestone: brown, buff, white, pelletal (542.5-580.6) (883.0-890.0) and aphanitic DEVONIAN Arnica Formation Thickness estimated at 565 m (1854 ft.) Top at 823.0 m (2700 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 6.1 m (20 ft.) Horn River Group 2920-2940 Dolomite: brown, very fine crystaJJine, Thickness: 188.4 m (618 ft.) (890.0-896.1 ) sucrosic Canol Formation Fort Norman Formation Top at 513.6 m (1685 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 28.0 m (92 ft.) Top at 829.1 m (2720 ft.) below sea level Thickness: >182.6 m (>599 ft.) 1905-1997 Shale: black (very poor samples) (580.6-608.7) 2940-3539 Anhydrite and dolomite. Dolomite (896.1-1078.7) decreases downward Ramparts Formation Total depth: 1078.7 m Top at 541.6 m (1777 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 18.6 m (61 ft.) Platform member 1997-2058 Limestone: grey-buff, argillaceous; (608.7-627.3) possibly, in the upper part, some shale: 6. A-37s brown-black, bi tuminous, calcareous Log of Mobil Slater River A-37 Hare Indian Formation Location: 64°56'05"N, 126°05'42"W Elevation of KeJJy Bushing: 132.6 m (435 ft.) Top at 560.2 m (1838 ft.) below sea level WeJJ log prepared by the writer based on driJJ cuttings; Thickness: 141.7 m (465 ft.) depth adjusted to sonic log. Grey shale member (Thickness: 1I 5.2 m1378 ft.) MESOZOIC 2058-2436 Shale: grey, calcareous, micromicaceous (627.3-742.5) Thickness: 157.0 m (515 ft.) Basal beds (Lower Cretaceous?) Bluefish Member (Thickness: 26.5 m!87 ft.) -515 (-157.0) Shale: very dark grey, flaky to splintery, micromicaceous 2436-2505 Shale: black, bituminous. noncalcareou5; (742.5-763.5) in part calcareous toward base 2505-2523 Shale: black, bi tuminous, calcareous; (763.5-769.0) some limestone: black, brown and white, bituminous, argillaceous 53 Borehole Depth Borehole Depth feet (m) Lithology feet (m) Lithology UPPER DEVONIAN 3125-3168 Limestone: grey-buff to white, micro (952.5-965.6) grained to aphanitic Imperial Formation Headless Member Top at 24.4 m (80 ft.) below sea level (Thickness: 31.1 m/l02 ft.) Thickness: 506.3 m (1661 ft.) 3168-3270 Limestone: grey-buff, grey, white, micro 515-1078 Siltstone: pale green-grey, coarse grained, (965.6-996.7) to very fine-grained, in part aphanitic (157.0-328.6) micaceous and argilJaceous; some shale: grey, Siltstone: grey, micromicaceous calcareous Shale: grey, green-grey, si! ty, micro- micaceous Sandstone: pale green-grey, very fine Landry Formation grained, silty, micaceous; some rusty weathering at the top Top at 864.1 m (2835 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 32.0 m (105 ft.) 1078-2176 Shale: dark grey, micromicaceous, in part (328.6-663.2) silly; grading to 3270-3375 Limestone: buff, brown and white, aphan Siltstone: argillaceous (996.7-1028.7) itic and pelletal Arnica Formation DEVONIAN Top at 896.1 m (2940 ft.) below sea level Thickness estimated at 739.4 m (2426 ft.) Thickness: 18.9 m (62 ft.) Horn River Group 3375-3437 Dolomite: buff to brown, micro- to very (1028.7-1047.6) fine-crystalline, sucrosic Thickness: 199.0 m (653 ft.) Canol Formation Fort Norman Formation Top at 530.7 m (1741 ft.) below sea level Top at 915.0 m (3002 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 71.3 m (234 ft.) Thickness: >19.2 m (>63 ft.) 2176-2290 Shale: black, siliceous, bi tuminous, in part 3437-3500 Anhydrite and dolomite: brown, very fine (663.2-698.0) very siliceous; grading to (1047.6-1066.8) crystalline, anhydritic Chert: argillaceous Trace dolomite: brown; trace pyrite Total depth: 1066.8 m 2290-2410 Shale: very dark grey to black, fissile, (698.0-734.6) bituminous; trace pyrite Hare Indian Formation 7. A-40 Top at 602.0 m (1975 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 127.7 m (419 ft.) Log of Union Good Hope A-40 Location: 66°29'10"N, 124°35'52"W Black shale member Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 443.8 m (1456 ft.) (Thickness: 110.3 m/362 ft.) Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; depth adjusted to gamma ray-neutron log - very 2410-2661 Shale: brown-black, siliceous, in part poor log and no log below 4240 feet (1292 m). (734.6-811.1 ) slightly calcareous, bituminous, pyritic; traces of limestone: grey-buff, siliceous CAMBRIAN-SILURIAN 2661-2772 Shale: black, bi tuminous, micromicaceous (811.1-845.0) Ronning Group Bluefish Member Thickness: 740.7 m (2430 ft.) (Thickness: 17.4 m/57 ft.) Franklin Mountain Formation 2772-2829 Shale: black, bituminous, variably (845.0-862.3) calcareous, in part streaked white and Top at 443.8 m (1456 ft.) above sea level very calcareous, pyritic; in lower part Thickness: 740.7 m (2430 ft.) some limestone: black and whi te, bi tuminous, argillaceous Cherty member (Thickness: 421.5 m/I383 ft.) Hume Formation 0-20 Samples missing (0-6.1) Top at 729.7 m (2394 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 134.4 m (441 ft.) 20-200 Dolomite: very pale grey to very pale buff (6.1-61.0) and milky white, trace pink, very fine Upper member to fine and microcrystalline; some (Thickness: 55.8 m/I83 ft.) chert; trace clay: pale green 2829-3012 Limestone: pale buff to brown and white, 200-350 Dolomite: pink to very pale buff and (862.3-918.1) aphanitic to very fine grained, (61.0-106.7) milky whi te, very fine to fine crystal bioclastic line; much chert: white and very pale buff. and clear quartz; appear to be Middle member crystal-lined vugs (Thickness: 47.5 m/I 56 ft.) 350-410 Chert: very pale buff and milky white; 3012-3125 Limestone: grey, grey-buff, aphanitic to (106.7-125.0) some dolomite, as above (918.1-952.5) micrograined, in part argiJlaceous; some shale: grey, buff-grey, 410-560 Dolomite: pink and some pale buff, very calcareous (125.0-170.7) fine, fine and medium crystalline; some chert: milky white 54 Borehole Depth Borehole Depth feet (m) Lithology feet (m) Lithology 560-620 Dolomite: buff to grey, micro- to coarse Shale: green, doJomitic, and some brown (l70.7-189.0) crystalline; trace clay: pale green, and black, brittle intercrystalline Some chert: brown and :Jhite, in ,he lower part 620-1080 Dolomite: pale buff, pale grey and pink, (189.0-329.2) mostly fine to medium and coarse ,V,ember f crystalline; trace chert: very pale buff (Thickness: 24.7 m/81 ft.) 1080-1350 Dolomite: pink, fine to coarse crystalline; 4103-4184 Shale: green to grey-green, some dark {329.2-411.5} some chert: milky white and pink; (1250.6-1275.3) green-grey to black, mostly some clear do10mi te rhombs micromicaceous, in part dolomitiq some dolomite: bulf to dark brown, in 135D-1383(R} Samples missing part very sil ty; some glauconite (411.5-421.5) concentrations; in basal 5 m, some limestone: pale buff, micrograined Rhythmic member (Thickness: 260.9 m!856 ft.) Members e, d and c (undivided) (Thickness: 102.4 m/336 ft.) 1383(R}-J540 Samples missing (421.5-469.4) 4184-4520(5) Dolomite: buff to brown and grey, mostly 1540-1550 Dolomite: as above; no chert observed (1275.3-1377.7) microcrystalline, in part silty (469.4-472.4) possibly all cavings Shale: green to brown-~rey, dolomitic, mostly very micaceous 1550-2239 Samples missing Siltstone: pale grey to '..mite and grey (472.4-682.4) bulf, dolomitic, cnicdceous; glauconite pellets scattered throughout Cyclic member At base, trace of dolomite: brown, (Thickness: 58.2 m/l 91 ft.) medium crystalline 2239-2430 Samples missing Member b (682.4-740.7) (Thickness: 82.3 m/270 ft.) 4520(5)..4790(5) Shale: grey-brown, very micaceous, CAMBRIAN (1377 .7-1460.0) slightly dolomitic; shale: green, micro micaceous, slightly dolomiric Saline River Formation Siltstone: pale. grey, pale bulf and whi te, very micaceous, dolomitic, in part Top at 296.9 m (974 ft.) below sea leve.' siliceous, in part highly glauconitic (to Thickness: 448.4 m (1471 ft.) 90% pellets) Some dolomite: buff to grey, siliceous, glauconitic Member a 2430-2743 Samples missing (Thickness: 27 4 m/90 ft.) (740.7-836. I} 4790(S}-4880(S} Siltstone: pale grey to pale green and pale Salt member (l460.0-1 1187.4) bulf-grey, mostly very glauconitic and (Thickness: 313.6 m!1029 ft.) siliceous, in part dolomi tic, in part coarse grained and sandy 2743-3320 Samples missing Shale: green to grey-c;reen, flaky to (836.1-1011.9) splintery, some grey-brown, very micaceous 3320-3772 Halite Sandstone: white, trace pink, very fine (l011.9-1149.7) grained, siliceous, glauconltic Lower clastic member (Thickness: 39.3 m/l29 ft.) Mount Clark Formation 3772-3901 Dolomite: brown-grey to grey-buff, Top at 1043.6 m (3424 ft.) below sea level (1149.7-1189.0) mostly aphanitic to microcrystalline, Thickness: 54.9 m (j80 ft.) in part argillaceous, in part anhydritic Shale: brown-grey to grey-green, in part 4880(5)..5060(S} Very poor samples - sand and sandstone: dolomitic (l487.4-1542.3) pink in the lower part, fine to very Some anhydrite coarse grained, quartzose; in the lower part some sandstone: very fine to medium grained, silty Mount Cap Formation Top at 745.2 m (2445 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 298.4 m (979 ft.) PROTEROZOIC Member h Top at 1098.5 m {3604 ft.} below sea level (Thickness: 34.7 m/114 ft.) Dolomite unit 3901-4015 Shale: green to olive-green to dark grey (Thickness: >50.3 m!>165 ft.) (l189.0-1223.8) green, some grey-brown, splintery to flaky, dolomitic; some dolomite: pale 5060(5)-5225 Dolomite and chert: pink to buff, micro grey and pale bulf to brown, (l542.3-1592.6) crystalline dolomite, and oolite, microcrystalline, in part si1ty especially oolitic chert; at base, some orthoquartzite with trace glauconite Member g (Thickness: 26.8 m/88 ft.) Total depth: 1592.6 m 4015-4103 Dolomite: buff to brown, microcrystal (1223.8-1250.6) line, some very fine crystalline and a trace of fine crystalline, in part pyritic 55 Borehole Depth 8. A-52 feet (m) Lithology Log of Imperial Loon Creek No. 1 2810-2835 Shale: brown-black, calcareous, bi tu Location: 65°ll'06"N, 126°54'23"W (856.5-864.1) minous, with many limy streaks and Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 116.4 m (382 ft.) specks Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; Limestone: brown, fine grained, bitu- depth adjusted to electric log. minous 2835-2888 Limestone: brown, brown-black and white, Borehole Depth (864.1-880.3) argillaceous, bituminous feet (m) Lithology Shale: brown-black, calcareous, bitu minous Ramparts tongue, Platform member MESOZOIC (Thickness: 8.5 m/28 ft.) Thickness: 146.3 m (480 ft.) 2888-2916 Limestone: buff, brown, white, fine and Basal beds (Lower Cretaceous?) (880.3-888.8) medium grained, bioclastic, in part bituminous 455-480 Sandstone: fine to medium grained, 038.7-146.3) slightly glauconitic, possibly sub Grey shale member angular to subrounded with quartz (Thickness: 63.1 m/207 Lt.) outgrowths; some sand: coarse, very coarse and probably granule size and 2916-3123 Shale: grey to pale buff-grey, in part larger; quartz (888.8-951.9) slightly calcareous, micromicaceous, in part very micaceous; trace ironstone: pale brown UPPER DEVONIAN Bluefish Member (Thickness: 12.8 m/42 ft.) Imperial Formation 3123-3165 Shale: black, bituminous, slightly Top at 29.9 m (98 ft.) below sea level (951.9-964.7) calcareous; trace pyrite Thickness: 528.8 m {I 735 ft.) At the base, shale: brown-black and brown, very calcareous; grading to 480-520 Sandstone: slightly green-grey, very fine limestone: very argillaceous, (l46.3-158.5) grained, silty, micaceous; some bituminous sHtstone: grey, micaceous, argilIa- ceous Hume Formation 520-550 Siltstone: pale green-grey, coarse grained, 058.5-167.6) very micaceous; some interbedded Top at 848.3 m (2783 ft.) below sea level shale Thickness: 102.1 m (335 ft.) 550-1360 Siltstone: grey, argillaceous, micromica 3165-3360 Limestone: buff, pale buff, white, mainly (l67.6-414.5) ceous; some siltstone: pale grey, (964.7-1024.1) micrograined to aphanitic, some fine coarse grained, micaceous grained Shale: dark grey, micromicaceous 3360-3411 Shale: grey, slightly calcareous 1360-2215 Shale: dark grey, micromicaceous; rare 0024.1-1039.7) (414.5-675.1) si! tstone: grey, argi!laceous 3411-3500 Limestone: grey-buff, brown, white, (I039.7-1066.8) micro- and very fine-grained DEVONIAN Landry Formation Thickness: 702.6 m (2305 ft.) Top at 950.4 m (3118 ft.) below sea level Horn River Group Thickness: 21.3 m (70 ft.) Thickness: 289.6 m (950 ft.) 3500-3535 Limestone: buff, brown, aphanitic and (I 066.8-1077 .5) micrograined Canol Formation 3535-3570 Limestone: as above, some pelletal Top at 558.7 m (l833 ft.) below sea level (1077.5-1088.1) Thickness: 79.2 m (260 ft.) Arnica Formation 2215-2333 Dolomite: brown-grey, siliceous, argil (675.1-711.1) laceous Top at 971.7 m (3188 ft.) below sea level Shale: brown-black, bituminous, in part Thickness: 14.6 m (48 ft.) siliceous; trace pyrite 3570-3618 Dolomite: brown, buff, very fine and fine 2333-2427 Shale: dark brown-grey, micromicaceous, (1088.1-1 102.8) crystalline,sucrosic (711.1-739.8) bituminous 2427-2475 Shale: brown-black, siliceous, bituminous; Fort Norman Formation (739.8-754.4) some pyrite Top at 986.3 m (3236 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 274.9 m (902 ft.) Hare Indian Formation (incl. Ramparts tongue) 3618---4100 Anhydrite and dolomite (in part an (I 102.8~1249.7) hydritic) Top at 637.9 m (2093 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 210.3 m (690 ft.) -4100---4400 Anhydrite Black shale member H 249.7~134 1.1) (Thickness: 125.9 m/413 ft.) -4400-4520 Anhydrite and dolomite (anhydritic) 2475-2810 Shale: brown-black, bituminous, in part H34I.l-1377.7) (754.4-856.5) calcareous, siliceous; shale: dark brown-grey, bituminous, very sili- ceous; trace ironstone: brown 56 Borehole Depth Borehole Depth feet (m) Lithology feet (m) Lithology CAMBRIAN-SILURIAN 5436-5441 Sandstone: fine grained, poorly sorted, (1656.9-1658.4) siliceous, angular, quartz/chert; some Ronning Group glauconite Thickness: >272.8 m (>895 ft.) Mount Kindle Formation DEVONIAN Top at 1261.3 m (4138 ft.) below sea level Thickness: >1289.3 m (>4230 ft.) Thickness: 7.0 m (23 ft.) Horn River Group 4520-4543 Dolomite: buff, fine crystalline; trace ([ 377 .7-1384.7) chert: white Thickness: 163.1 m (535 ft.) Hare Indian Formation Franklin Mountain Formation Top at 1143.6 m (3752 ft.) below sea level Top at 1268.3 m (4161 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 163.1 m (535 ft.) Thickness: >265.8 m (>872 ft.) Black shale member Cherty member (Thickness: 100.3 m/329 ft.) (Thickness: 151.5 m/497 ft.) 5441-5770 Shale: black, noncalcareous, bituminous, 4543-4570 Dolomite: pale buff to creamy white, 0658.4-1758.7) slightly siliceous; some pyrite (1384.7-1392.9) some very pale grey, very fine to fine crystalline, some microcrystalline; Grey shale member some chert: whi te (Thickness: 33.2 m/109 ft.) 4570-5040 Dolomite: pale buff to creamy white, 5770-5879 Shale: brown-grey, dark grey, very ([392.9-1536.2) some pink and green colouring, very ([758.7-1791.9) micromicaceous, in part silty fine to fine and medium crystalline, some micro- and coarse-crystalline; Bluefish Member trace chert: white, buff mottled and (Thickness: 29.6 m/97 ft.) clear quartz; some shale: pale green, in part filling poresity; some scattered 5879-5976 Shale: black, bituminous, noncalcareous; pyrite crystals; much pink colouring at 0791.9-1821.5) some limestone: dark grey, black and 4880-4890 feet 0487.4-1490.5 m) white, argillaceous. At 5920-5970 feet ([612.4-1819.7 m) spore study, Rhythmic member D.C. McGregor (see Appendix J) (Thickness: >114.3 m/>375 ft.) 5040-5350 Dolomite: buff-grey, brown, pale buff, Hume Formation ([ 536.2-1630.7) fine and very fine crystalline; grading downward to brown, buff, grey, micro Top at 1306.7 m (4287 ft.) below sea level and fine-crystalline Thickness: 211.5 m (694 ft.) 5350-5415 Dolomite: buff, pale buff, grey, pale grey, Upper member ([630.7-1650.5) brown, micro-, very fine-, fine- and (Thickness: 74.4 m/244 ft.) medium-crystalline 5976-6220 Limestone: buff, grey-buff, some brown, FAULT (1821.5-1895.9) mostly micrograined to "earthy" textured, some very fine and fine Franklin Mountain Formation grained Top at 1534.1 m (5033 ft.) below sea level Middle member Thickness: >10.7 m (>35 ft.) (Thickness: 75.6 m/248 ft.) Cherty member 6220-6405 Limestone: brown, buff, buff-grey, ([895.9-1952.2) bioclastic, micro- and very fine 5415-5450 Dolomite: pale buff to creamy whi te and grained; some interbedded shale: ([650.5-1661.2) pale grey with trace pink, very fine, grey, calcareous; and siltstone: grey, fine and medium crystalline with some argillaceous, calcareous micro- and coarse-crystalline; some dear quartz (no chert found); trace 6405-6468 Limestone: brown, dark brown, buff, grey, shale: pale green, in part filling ([ 952.2-1971.4) micro- to fine-grained, in part silty or porosi ty; trace pyrite argillaceous Total depth: 1661.2 m Headless Member (Thickness: 61.6 m/202 ft.) 6468-6670 Limestone: brown, buff, aphanitic, trace ([ 971.4-2033.0) pelletal, in part micrograined; some shale: dark brown-grey to black, silty, calcareous 9. B-30 Landry Formation Log of Candel Stewart B-30 Location: 64 0 19' 12"N, 125°19'20"W Top at 1518.2 m (4981 ft.) below sea level Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 514.8 m ([689 ft.) Thickness: 78.0 m (256 ft.) Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; depth adjusted to sonic log. 6670-6760 Limestone: brown, dark brown, buff to (2033.0-2060.4) white, some aphanitic, some fine grained, pelleta1 MESOZOIC AND (?)TERTIARY 6760-6926 Limestone: as above; some limestone: (2060.4-2111.0) dark brown-grey, argillaceous; possibly Thickness: 1509.1 m (4951 ft.) some shale: dark, calcareous Basal beds (Lower Cretaceous?) 57 Borehole Depth Borehole Depth feet (m) Lithology feet (m) Lithology Arnica Formation -4330--4730 Dolomite: as above, pale buff, yellow, H 319.8-1441.7) creamy white. pink, grading downward Top at 1596.2 m (5237 ft.) below sea level to very fine and microcrystalline; Thickness: 88.1 m (289 ft.) some chert, white and pale buff, and clear quartz, chert abundant locally; 6926-7215 Dolomite: brown, grey-brown, grey-buff, some shale: green, waxy; and some (2111.0-2199.1) microcrystalline to very fine and fine shale: pale green, intercrystalline crystalline; microsucrosic in upper part -4730-4980 Dolomite: pink and buff, micro- to very (-1441.7-1517.9) fine-crystalline; some chert: white, pale buff, pale grey; trace floating Fort Norman Formation sand grains, medium, quartz, rounded Top at 1684.3 m (5526 ft.) below sea level -4980-5030 Dolomite: as above, buff, pale buff; some Thickness: 459.3 m (1507 ft.) H517.9-1533.1} chert: as above. At 4000-5000 feet (1219.2-1524 m) - conodonts, dated 7215-8722 Anhydrite: with some dolomite below Early Ordovician, early Arenigian, (2199.1-2658.5) -8150 feet (8240-8625 ft./2511.5 T.T. Uyeno (see Appendix J) 2628.9 m; "Arnica Platform" dolomite of Williams, 1975) Rhythmic member (Thickness: >78.0 m/>256 ft.) Delorme Group 5030-5250 Dolomite: buff, brown, grey-buff, very (1533.1-1600 2) fine to microcrystalline, in part Top at 2143.7 m (7033 ft.) below sea level microsucrosic; traces of pink Thickness: >289.3 m (>949 ft.) colouring, glauconi te and pyrite 8722-9671 Dolomite: brown, buff, grey, micro- and 5250-5286 Samples missing (2658.5-2947.7) very fine-crystalline, in part silty; ( 1600.2-161], 2) some anhydrite Total depth: 1611.2 m Total depth: 2947.7 m 11. 8-46 10. 8-45 Log of Imperial Ray No. I Log of Candel East Mackay B-45 Location: 65°IY06"N,127°08'08"W Location: 64°44'09"N, 125°38' 18"W Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 136.2 m (447 ft.) Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 259.4 m (851 ft.) Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; depth adjusted to electric log; sample quality very depth adj usted to sonic log. poor. MESOZOIC AND (?}TERTIARY MESOZOIC Thickness: 1210.1 m (3970 ft.) Thickness: >553.5 m (>1816 ft.) Basal beds (Lower Cretaceous?) Basal beds (Lower Cretaceous?) 3890-3990 Shale: dark grey to black, hard to fissile 1785-1890 Sandstone: very pale grey, very fine (I185.7-1216.2) Sandstone: grey, very fine grained, silty, (544.1-576.1) grained, quartz-rich, in part very hard glauconitic; probably some siltstone Siltstone: grey and dark grey with and shale bituminous and/or carbonaceous streaks 1890-1896 Sand: coarse grained, subrounded, frosted; Trace pyri te (576.1-577.9) one medium-sand sized grain of glauconite CAMBRIAN-SILURIAN UPPER DEVONIAN Ronning Group Imperial Formation Thickness: >393.2 m (>1290 ft.) Top at 441.7 m ([449 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 390.1 m ([280 ft.) Franklin Mountain Formation 1896-2404 Siltstone: pale grey, coarse grained, (578.0-732.7) micromicaceous Top at 956.8 m (3139 ft.) below sea level Siltstone: grey, argillaceous, micro Thickness: >393.2 m (>1290 ft.) micaceous; Shale: dark grey, micromicaceous Cherty member (Thickness: 317.0 m!J 040 ft.) 2404-3176 Shale: dark grey, micromicaceous; rare (732.7-968.0) sil ts tone: argillaceous 3990--4330 Dolomite: pale grey and pale buff to (I216.2-1319.8) white, mostly fine crystalline; some chert and dear quartz; trace shale: very pale green; trace pale pink and DEVONIAN pale green colouring; some pyrite Horn River Group Thickness: >195.4 m (>641 ft.) 58 Borehole Depth Borehole Depth feet (m) Lithology feet (m) Lithology Canol Formation 1114-1196 Shale: brown-grey, slightly calcareous, 039.5-364.5) micromicaceousj some pyrite; Top at 831.8 m (2729 ft.) below sea level bituminous odour; abundant micro Thickness: 25.0 m (82 ft.) organism impressions 3176-3250 Very poor samples Ramrarts Reef or Platform member (968.0-990.6) Thickness: 48.5 m/159 ft.) 3250-3.258 Shale: black; some pyrite; some 1196-1355 Limestone: pale buff to creamy white, (990.6-993.0) (?)siltstone: coarse grained, calcareous 064.5-413.0) coarse grained, bioclastic and fossiliferous (reef organisms, crinoid and shell fragments); some siltstone: Ramparts Formation pale grey, calcareous, in part very pyritic Top at 856.8 m (2811 ft.) below sea level 1290-1325 feet 093.2-403.9 m), shale: Thickness: 140.8 m (462 ft.) brown-black, micaceous; and siltstone: buff-grey, micaceous Reef member (Thickness: 112.2 m/368 ft.) Grey shale member (Thickness: 175.6 m/576 ft.) 3258- 3626? Reef limestone: oil stain near top (993.0-1105.2?) 1355-1931 Shale: grey to dark grey and black, and (413.0-588.6) butt-grey and grey-brown, very Platform member micaceous, grading downward through (Thickness: 28.7 m/94 ft.) grey, very micaceous, calcareous to green-grey, micaceous 3626?-3720 Some limestone: bull and brown, very fine (l105.2?-1133.9) grained; oily odour Bluefish Member (Thickness: 35.7 m/l17 ft.) Hare Indian Formation 1931-2048 Shale: very dark brown-grey to black, (588.6-624.2) bituminous, slightly calcareous, in part Top at 997.6 m 0273 ft.) below sea level very calcareous with white calcitic Thickness: >29.6 m (>97 ft.) streaks and specks; at the base grading to limestone: black and white, very Grey shale member argillaceous, bituminous 3720-3817 Shale: buff-grey, slightly -::alcareous, (1133.9-1163.4) micaceous; probably some sil tstone or Hume Formation thin limestone in top 10 m Top at 491.0 m (1611 ft.) below sea level Total depth: 1163.4 m Thickness: 146.9 m (482 ft.) Upper member (Thickness: 55.5 m/182 ft.) 2048-2230 Limestone: buff to pale buff, (624.2-679.7) micrograined to aphanitic, some fine grained, bioclastic 12. C-21 Middle member Log of Aquit Brackett Lake C-21 (Thickness: 59.7 m/J 96 ft.) Location: 65°10'02"N, 125°05'08"W Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 133.2 m (437 ft.) 2230-2338 Limestone: buff, micro- to fine-grained, Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; (679.7-712.6) in part bioclastic; trace shale: grey, depth adjusted to sonic log. flaky, calcareous (more at 2300 2338 ft./701.0-712.6 m) 2338-2426 Limestone: buff, as above MESOZOIC (712.6-739.4) Thickness: 239.0 m (784 ft.) Headless Member Basal beds (Lower Cretaceous') (Thickness: 31.7 m/104 ft.) 1071-1090 Very poor samples - sandstone: pale grey, 2426-2530 Very poor samples - probably limestone 026.4-332.2) fine to medium grained, poorly sorted, (739.4-771.1) and shale: grey, calcareous quartzose Landry Formation 1090-1114 Samples missing (332.2-339.5) Top at 637.9 m (2093 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 35.4 m (116 ft.) DEVONIAN 2530-2646 Limestone: buff to brown, trace pink, (771.1-806.5) mostlyaphanitic Thickness: 648.0 m (2126 ft.) Horn River Group Arnica Formation Thickness: 284.7 m (934 ft.) Top at 673.3 m (2209 ft.) below sea level Thickness (incl. Landry tongue): 99.4 m 026 ft.) Hare Indian/Ramparts formations 2646-2779 Dolomite: pale buff to brown, mostly (806.5-847.0) microcrystalline; trace pinpoint Top at 206.3 m (677 ft.) below sea level porosi ty; some very fine crystalline Total thickness: 284.7 m (934 ft.) with intercrystalline porosity 2779-2872 (Landry tongue) limestone: buff, aphanitic (847.0-875.4) to micrograined; trace dolomi te: as above 59 Borehole Depth Borehole Depth feet (m) Lithology feet (m) Lithology 2872-2972 Dolomite: very pale buff to buff in Jower DEVONIAN (875.4-905.9) part, micro- and very fine-crystalline Thickness: >276.5 m (>907 ft.) Tsetso Formation Horn River Group Top at 772.7 m (2535 ft.) below sea Jevel Thickness: 254.5 m (835 ft.) Thickness: 81.7 m (268 ft.) Canol Formation 2972-3062 Dolomite: very pale buff, very pale grey, (may include top Hare Indian beds) (905.9-933.3) pale green, trace pink, aphanitic to microcrystalline; in part possibly Top at 603.5 m (1980 ft.) below sea level anhydri tic; in part argillaceous; Thickness: 128.0 m (420 ft.) grading to Shale: pale green. brick-red 2150?(R~2570(R) Shale: dark brown-grey, siliceous (655.3-783.3) 3062-3240 Dolomite: paJe buff, pale grey, pink, pale (933.3-987.5) green, purple, aphanitic and Ramparts Formation microcrystalline Shale: brick-red, pale green, purple, in Top at 731.5 m (2400 ft.) below sea level part dolomitic Thickness: 10.7 m (35 ft.) Platform member CAMBRIAN-Sll..URIAN 2570(R)-2605(R) Limestone: buff and brown, bioclastic, in (783.3-794.0) part siliceous; at the top, much chert: Ronning Group buff, brown, white, bioclastic struc ture; some pyrite Thickness: >548.6 m (>1800 ft.) FrankJin MOlUltain Formation Hare Indian Formation Top at 854.4 m (2803 ft.) below sea leveJ Top at 742.2 m (2435 ft.) below sea level Thickness: >548.6 m (>1800 ft.) Thickness: 115.8 m <380 ft.) Cherty member Grey shale member (Thickness: 330.4 mfJ 084 ft.) (Thickness: 13.7 m/45 ft.) 3240-4324 Dolomite: creamy white to pale buff, 2605(R~2940(S) Shale: grey, slightly calcareous, mica (987.5-1318.0) fine, medium and coarse crystalJine. (794.0-896. J) ceous; some ironstone: buff some very coarse crystalline; abundant chert: milky white to pale buff, much Bluefish Member of it oolitic. At 3878-389 J feet (Thickness: 13.7 m/45 ft.) (1182.0-1186.0) - conodonts, dated Early Ordovician (T.T. Uyeno, !!! 2940(S~2985(R) Shale: brown-black, very bi tuminous; Brideaux W.W. et al., 1975) (896.1-909.8) some pyrite in the lower part; some limestone: brown-black, argillaceous, Rhythmic member bituminous (Thickness: >218.2 m/>7J6 ft.) 4324-5040 Dolomite: buff to pale buff and pale grey, HlIDle Formation (1318.0-1536.2) trace pink, micro- to fine-crystalline, grading downward to grey and buff to Top at 858.0 m (2815 ft.) below sea leveJ pale buff and brown, mostly micro Thickness: >21.9 m (>72 ft.) and very fine-crystalline 2985(R)-3057 Limestone: pale buff, buff, micrograined Total depth: 1536.2 m (909.8-931.8) Total depth: 931.8 m 13. C-25 Log of Northwest C-2 14. 0-02 Location: 65°14'N, 126°50'W EJevation of Kelly Bushing: 51.8 m (170 ft.) Log of MobiJ Sadene 0-02 Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; Location: 68°5J'01"N, 126°47'15"W no logs available; samples dirty. Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 236.8 m (777 ft.) Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; depth adjusted to sonic log. MESOZOIC Thickness: 189.0 m (620 ft.) MESOZOIC Thickness: 72.5 m (238 ft.) Basal beds (Lower Cretaceous?) UPPER DEVONIAN -388 Poor samples - trace shale: grey; sandstone: Imperial Formation (-118.3) poorly sorted, fine to very fine grained, siJty; and sandstone or siltstone: very Top at 155.4 m (510 ft.) below sea level pyritic Thickness: 448.1 m (1470 ft.) 680(R~2150?(R) Very poor samples (207.3-655.3?) 60 Borehole Depth Borehole Depth feet (m) Lithology feet (m) Lithology DEVONIAN 2294-2560 Dolomite: pale buff, some very pale buff (699.2-780.3) and trace pale grey, medium to coarse Thickness: 345.6 m (1134 ft.) crystalline Hume Formation Cherty member (Thickness: 304.8 m/1000 ft.) Top at 118.6 m 089 ft.) above sea level Thickness: 30.8 m (101 ft.) 2560-3560 Dolomite: pale buff to pale buff-grey, (780.3-1085.1) some very pale buff to white, mostly 388-489 Limestone and shale coarse crystaJJine in the lower part (-118.3-149.0) Limestone: buff, brown, grey, with some fine and medium micrograined, in part aphanitic, crystalline; some chert: milky white mostly argillaceous, fossiliferous to very pale buff (near top, very much Shale: grey, calcareous, micromicaceous chert and trace of clear quartz) Rhythmic member Landry Formation (Thickness: 368.8 mll21 0 ft.) Top at 87.8 m (288 ft.) above sea level 3560-4300 Dolomite: pale buff, pale grey and white, Thickness: 238.7 m (783 ft.) 0085.1-1310.6) microcrystalline, very fine, fine and medium-crystalline; grading downward 489--1100 Limestone: buff, brown, aphanitic and to (149.0-335.3) micrograined with some pelletal; Dolomite: buff to pale buff and buff-grey, grades downward to buff and pale mostly micro- to fine-crystalline buff; some interbedded shale: pale grey-green, slightly calcareous -4300-4610 Dolomite: pale buff to white, some buff H310.6-1405.1) and grey, micro- to very fine -1100-1272 Limestone: pale buff to creamy white, crystalline (-335.3-387.7) some buff and brown, micrograined and aphanitic; some dolomite: buff, -4610-4770 Dolomite: buff to pale buff and buff-grey, micro- and very fine-crystalline; trace H405.J-1453.9) microcrystalline to aphanitic, in part shale: as above slightlyargiJJaceous Cyclic member Arnica Formation (Thickness: 97.5 m/320 ft.) Top at 150.9 m (495 ft.) below sea level 4770-5090 Dolomite: brown to grey-buff, grey and Thickness: 76.2 m (250 ft.) 0453.9-1551.4) pale buff, in part argillaceous; some interbedded shale: green-grey, dolo 1272-1522 Dolomite: buff, some brown (darker oil mitic 087.7-463.9) stain near top), microcrystalline, very fine and fine crystalline, partly sucrosic; some crystal lined vugs and intercrystaJIine porosi ty CAMBRIAN Saline River Formation CAMBRIAN-SILURIAN Top at 1314.6 m (4313 ft.) below sea level 127.4 m (418 ft.) Ronning Group Thickness: 1087.5 m 0658 ft.) Peel Formation 5090-5309 Shale: maroon, green, olive-grey, purple, 0551.4-1618.2) brown Top at 227.J m (745 ft.) below sea level Dolomite: buff to white, pale grey and Thickness: 98.5 m 023 ft.) pink, microcrystalline 1522-1640 Dolomite: paJe grey, some grey-buff, Salt member (463.9-499.9) microcrystalline, micro5ucrosiq some (Thickness: 27.7 m/91 ft.) interbedded shale: green-grey and dark grey, silty 5309-5400 Dolomite: brown to grey, microcry 0618.2-1645.9) stalline -1640-1750 Dolomite: pale buff to pale grey, mostly Shale: grey and brown-grey to dark grey, (-499.9-533.4) microsucrosic, with some Hne and dolomitic medium crystaJJine Some anhydrite: pale buff, pale grey with trace pink and pale green; some chert: -1750-1845 Dolomite: pale buff to pale grey, mostly white, buff, smoky brown (-533.4-562.4) medium crystalline Lower clastic member (Thickness: 32.9 mll08 ft.) Mount Kindle Formation 5400-5508 Shale: brown-grey, grey-green, some Top at 325.5 m (1068 ft.) below sea level 0645.9-1678.8) maroon, dolomitic Thickness: 136.9 m (449 ft.) Dolomite: grey-brown to buff and grey, argillaceous; trace anhydrite 1845-2294 Dolomite: buff and brown, some pale buff, (562.4-699.2) microcrystalline, very fine and fine crystalline Mount Cap Formation Top at 1442.0 m (4731 ft.) below sea level FrankJin Mountain Formation Thickness: 127.7 m (419 ft.) (Representative section) Member e Top at 462.4 m (1517 ft.) below sea level (Thickness: 18.9 m/62 ft.) Thickness: 852.2 m (2796 ft.) 5508-5570 Dolomite: brown, dark brown, buff, Upper dolomite member 0678.8-1697.7) microcrystalline, in part siliceous (Thickness: 81.1 m/266 ft.) Chert: grey, buff, pale buff, white 61 Borehole Depth Borehole Depth feet (m) Lithology feet (m) Lithology Some shale: very dark grey, brown-grey, Franklin Mountain Formation green, in part micromicaceous Top at 535.2 m (1756 ft.) above sea level Member d Thickness: 465.1 m (1526 ft.) (Thickness: 39.6 m/DO ft.) Rhythmic member 5570-5700 Shale: green and very dark brown-grey to (Thickness: 465.1 m/1526 ft.) (1697.7-1737.4) black Dolomite: as above, some very fine and 340(5)-1400 Dolomite: very pale buff, in parts some fine crystalline (l03.6-Ml26.7) pink and some pale yellow, microcrystalline, very fine and fine Member c crystalline, some medium crystalline; (Thickness: 4.6 m/15 ft.) trace shale: pale green and maroon; dolomite grades downward to very 5700-5715 Dolomite: dark brown to brown and buff, pale buff to pink, micro- to very fine (1737.4-1741.9) very fine and fine crystalline with crystalline trace of vuggy porosi ty and bitumen -1400-1564 Dolomite: pale buff, pink, pale grey, Member b (-426.7-476.7) microcrystalline to aphanitic, in part (Thickness: 16.8 m/55 ft.) argillaceous 5715-5770 Shale: grey-green, some brown and Cyclic member (1741.9-1758.7) maroon, micromicaceous (Thickness: 92.0 m!302 ft.) Member a 1564-1866 Dolomite: grey buff to buff and grey, (Thickness: 47.9 m/157 ft.) (476.7-568.8) microcrystalline, argi!laceous; some interbedded shale: grey to grey-green, 5770-5888 Dolomite: brown, very fine and fine dolomitic, in part pyritic (1758.7-1794.7) crystalline Shale: dark green and very dark brown grey; at 5850- 5870 feet (1783.1 1789.2 m) some varicoloured shale CAMBRJAN At base some sandstone: whi te, very fine grained, silly, quartzitic, slightly Saline River Formation dolomitic Top at 70.1 m (230 ft.) above sea level 5888-5927 Dolomite: brown to pale brown, very fine, Thickness: 239.0 m (784 ft.) (1794.7-1806.5) fine and medium crystalline, trace bitumen Sandstone: grey-brown to white, fine and very fine grained, siliceous Shale: dark green, maroon, olive-green, 1866-2030 Shale: maroon, green, grey-green, purple, very dark grey, in part micromica (568.8-618.7) in part dolomitic, in part waxy; some ceous interbedded dolomite: grey, buff, pink, microcrystalline; trace anhydrite 2030-2196 Shale: green to grey-green and maroon; PROTEROZOlC (618.7-669.3) interbedded with, and brecciated into Anhydrite: pink, white and pale buff Shale unit Salt member Top at 1569.7 m (5150 ft.) below sea level (Thickness: 109.1 m!358 ft.) Thickness: >51.2 m (> 168 ft.) 2196-2554 Halite: interbedded with shale and 5927-6095 Shale: maroon to purple and brown, some (669.3-778.5) anhydrite in the lower part (1806.5-1857.8) dark green to pale green, in part micromicaceous, mostly silly to very Lower clastic member si! t y; trace si! tstone: pale green (Thickness: 29.3 m!96 ft.) Total depth: 1857.8 m 2554-2650 Shale: buff-grey, green, very dark grey; (778.5-807.7) interbedded wi th Dolomite: grey to grey-brown, argil laceous and some anhydrite Mount Cap Formation 15. 0-45 Top at 168.9 m (554 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 159.4 m (523 ft.) Log of Union Colville D-45 Location: 67" 14'09"N, 125°09'21"W Member g Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 638.9 m (2096 ft.) above (Thickness: 10.7 m/35. ft.) sea level Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; 2650-2685 Dolomite: buff to brown, oolitic, depth adjusted to sonic log. (807.7-818.4) siliceous, grading to cherl; interbedded with Overlying beds (erosional debris) Shale: dark green, some very dark grey, splintery 0-340(S) Conglomerate: chert, some dolomite with (0-103.6) oolites Member f (Thickness: 32.0 m/105 ft.) 2685-2790 Shale: dark grey-green, some oli ve-green, CAMBRJAN-SILURIAN (818.4-850.4) splintery to (laky, slightly dolomitic At 2713-2719 feet (826.9-828.8 m) dolcr Ronnin!: Group mite: grey-buff, glauconitic (in part up to 50%), in part pyritic Thickness: 465.1 m (1526 ft.) 62 Borehole Depth feet (m) Lithology 16. D-61 Member e Log of Sindair Wolverine Creek D-61 (Thickness: 17.7 m/58 ft.) Location: 65°10'14"N, 124°12'52"W Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 310.0 m (1017 ft.) 2790-2848 Siltstone: grey-buff to grey, dolomitic, Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; (850.4-868.1 ) some calcareous depth adjusted to sonic log. Limestone: fine and very fine grained, in part pyritic; at base some limestone: buff to white, some brown mottling, Boreho1e Depth mostly micrograined; some shale: dark feet (m) Lithology green, splintery Member d (Thickness: 7.6 m/25 ft.) MESOZOIC 2848-2873 Shale: dark grey-green and very dark Thickness: 862.3 m (2829 ft.) (868.1-875.7) grey, micromicaceous, splintery to Basal beds (Lower Cretaceous) flaky 2729-2829 (Below siltstone, sandstone, shale) Member c (831.8-862.3) Sand: coarse, very coarse and larger; (Thickness: 17.4 m/57 ft.) quartz, very poorly sorted 2873-2930 Dolomite: buff to brown, very fine and (875.7-893.1) fine crystalline, some medium crystal line; some thinly interbedded DEVONIAN Shale: black and very dark grey-green; trace concentrations of glauconite Thickness: 577.0 m (1893 ft.) pellets Arnica Formation Member b (Thickness: 26.5 m/87 ft.) Top at 552.3 m (1812 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 20.4 m (67 ft.) 2930-2952 Siltstone: grey-buff, very micromica (893.1-899.8) ceous; with thinly interbedded 2829-2896 Dolomite: pale buff, microcrystalline, Shale: dark green, splintery; and shale: (862.3-882.7) almost "earthy"-textured, many bJack very micaceous microstreaks and specks; grades downward to pale buff to buff and 2952-3017 Shale: purple-brown and grey-green, in brown, microcrystalline (899.8-919.6) part very micromicaceous Member a Fort Norman Formation (Thickness: 47.5 m/156 ft.) Top at 572.7 m (1879 ft.) below sea level 3017-3173 Shale and sandstone. Thickness: 344.4 m (1130 ft.) (919.6-967.1 ) At 3164-3173 feet (964.4-967.1 m), dole> mite (cored, see well history report) 2896-4026 Anhydrite: pale buff to pale grey; below (882.7-1227.1) 3500 feet (1066.8 m) with some dolomite: buff to grey-brown, Mount Clark Formation microcrystalline Top at 328.3 m (Ion ft.) below sea level Thickness: 33.2 m (109 ft.) Tsetso Formation 3173-3207 Sandstone with interbedded green shale: Top at 917.1 m (3009 ft.) below sea level (967.1-977.5) some oil-stain (cored, see well history Thickness: 212.1 m (696 ft.) report) 4026-4370 Anydrite and dolomite: some buff, some 3207-3233 Sandstone: quartzose, with minor green 0227.1-1332.0) pale green-grey, aphanitic, argiJ (977.5-985.4) shale breaks (cored, see well history laceous; trace shale: grey-green, waxy report) 4370-4554 Dolomite: pale buff to pale grey, buff and 3233-3282 Sandstone and conglomerate: quartzose, (1332.0-1388.1) pink, some red, some pale green-grey, (985.4-1000.4) both unconsolidated and silica- aphanitic and microcrystalline, in part cemented argillaceous Anhydrite: white to pale buff and pink Shale: brick-red to maroon, some pale green, dolomilic, in part silty PROTEROZOIC 4554-4722 Dolomite: pale purple to mottled brick (1388.1-1439.3) red, pale grey-green to pale buff and Shale unit pale grey, aphanitic and microcry stalline, in part argillaceous; grading Top at 361.5 m (1186 ft.) below sea level to Thickness: >173.1 m (> 568 ft.) Shale: brick-red, pale green, some purple, in part dolomitic, micromicaceous 3282-3850 Siltstone: (at top pale purple) grey and Trace anhydrite (1000.4-1173.5) pale grey, mostly micaceous Siltstone: in part argillaceous, grading to Shale: silly Siltstone: in part sandy and hard, grading CAMBRlAN-SILURIAN to Sandstone: grey, silty, siliceous, and Ronning Group orthoquarlzite Thickness: 278.3 m (913 ft.) Total depth: 1173.5 m MOWlt Kindle Formation Top at JJ29.3 m (3705 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 143.9 m (472 ft.) 63 Borehole Depth Borehole Depth feet (m) Lithology feet (m) Lithology Upper pale member MESOZOIC (Thickness: 66.5 m/218 ft.) Thickness: 579.1 m (1900 ft.) 4722-4940 Dolomite: buff to pale buff, very fine to Basal beds (Lower Cretaceous?) (1439.3-1505.7) fine crystalline grading downward to buff to brown, micro- and very fine 1788-1895 Shale: black, bi tuminous, micromicaceous, crystalline (545.0-578.0) in part silty Lower dark member 1895-1900 Silicified dolomite: pale buff, in part (Thickness: 74.4 m/244 ft.) (577 .6-579.U sandy or silty; trace orthoquartzite 4940-5184 Dolomite: buff to dark grey-brown, (1505. 7- 1580 .I) micro- to very fine-crystalline, some fine crystalline; some chert: buff to UPPER OEVONIAN pale buff-grey Imperial Formation Basal member (Thickness: 3.0 m/lO ft.) Top at 321.0 m (1053 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 695.6 m (2282 ft.) 5184-5194 Shale: brown-grey, flaky ( 1580 • 1- 1583 . I) 1900-2400 SiItstone: pale grey-green, micaceous (579.1-731.5) Shale: grey, green-grey, micromicaceous; Franklin Mountain Formation Trace sandstone: fine grained, poorly sorted, lithic trace shale: very pale Top at 1273.1 m (4177 ft.) below sea level buff, waxy Thickness: 134.4 m (441 ft.) At 2343-2353 feet (714.1-717.2 m), sandstone: fine to medium grained, Rhythmic member poorI y sorted, micaceous, grains of (Thickness: 90.8 m/298 ft.) various metamorphic or igneous rocks 5194-5492 Dolomite: creamy white to pale buff and -2400-3700 Shale: grey, brown-grey, micromicaceous; (1583.1-1674.0) pink, trace pale green, very fine, fine (-731.5-1127.8) some shale: very pale buff, waxy; and medium crystalline; some shale: some siltstone: green-grey, micaceous; green, trace red, waxy, some filling trace sandstone: fine grained, poorly intercrystalline pores; grades sorted; grades downward to mainly downward to mostly pale buff to grey Shale: grey, some brown-grey, micro buff, microcrystalline dolomite micaceous, with traces of siltstone, sandstone and waxy shale, as above Cyclic member (Thickness: 43.6 m/l43 ft.) -3700-4182 Shale: slightly green-grey, some dark HI27.8-1274,7) grey, flaky to splintery, micro 5492-5635 Dolomite: some grey-buff to brown-grey, micaceous (1674.0-1717.5) argillaceous, some pale buff to creamy white with trace pink, micro crystalline OEVONIAN Thickness: >449.3 m (> 1474 ft.) CAMBRIAN Horn River Group Saline River Formation Thickness: 336.5 m (1104 ft.) Top at 1407.6 m (4618 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 44.2 m (145 ft.) Canol Formation 5635-5780 Shale: purple, brown, maroon, pale green, Top at 1016.5 m (3335 ft.) below sea level (1717.5-1761. 7) in part very dolomitic grading to Thickness: 23.8 m (78 ft.) dolomite; thinly interbedded dolomite and anhydrite: white, pale green, pink, 4182-4260 Shale: black, bituminous, micromicaceousj buff (1274.7-1298.4) trace pyri te Hare Indian Formation PROTEROZOIC Top at 1040.3 m (3413 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 312.7 m (1026 ft.) Unit I (Cap Mountain) Black shale member Top at 1451.8 m (4763 ft.) below sea level (Thickness: 66.4 m/218 ft.) Thickness: >170.1 m (>558 ft.) 4260-4478 Shale: black, silty, siliceous, bituminous, 5780-6338 Shale: pale grey-green, "sparkly", sili (1298.4-1364.9) micromicaceousj some pyrite (1761.7-1931.8) ceous; increasingly siliceous downward to give appearance in drill cuttings of Grey shale member either orthoquartzite or chert or (Thickness: 235.9 m/774 ft.) schist 4478-5252 Shale: pale grey to olive-grey with faint, Total depth: 1931.8 m (1364.9-1600.8) dark micromarkings, flaky, noncal- careous, micromicaceousj grading downward into (below 5000 ft'! 1524.0 m) Shale: grey, brown-grey, dark grey, some black, micromicaceous 17. 0-65 Bluefish Member (Thickness: 10.4 m/34 ft.) Log of Decalta Dahadinni D-65 Location: 63°54'12"N,124°27'55"W 5252-5286 Shale: black, calcareous, grading from Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 258.2 m (847 ft.) (1600.8-1611.2) faint white streaks and specks to Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; bioclastic mosaics to depth adjusted to sonic log. Limestone: white and black 64 Borehole Depth Borehole Depth feet (m) Lithology feet (m) Lithology Hume Formation Arnica Formation Top at 1353.0 m (4439 ft.) below sea level Top at 1746.2 m (5729 ft.) below sea level Thickness: >112.8 m (>370 ft.) Thickness: 35.4 m (116 ft.) 6576-6692 Dolomite: buff, brown, grey, dark brown, (2004.4-2039.7) very fine and microcrystalline, some fine crystalline 5286-5656 Limestone: grey-buff, chalky buff with (1611.2-1723.9) white specks, brown and white, dark Fort Norman Formation brown, micrograined, fossiliferous; at base much white calcite Top at 1781.6 m (5845 ft.) below sea level Thickness: >398.7 m (>1308 ft.) FAULT 6692-8000 Anhydrite and dolomite DEVONIAN (2039.7-2438.4) Thickness: >714.5 (>2344 ft.) Total depth: 2438.4 m Horn River Group Thickness: 47.9 m (157 ft.) Hare Indian Formation Top at 1465.8 m (4809 ft.) below sea level 18. E-lI Thickness: 47.9 m (157 ft.) Log of Union Blackwater E-Il Grey shale member Location: 63°40'20"N, 123°03'30"W (Thickness: 38.1 m/l25 ft.) Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 504.4 m (1655 ft.) Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; 5656-5781 Shale: very dark brown-grey, noncal- depth adjusted to sonic log; very poor samples to (1723.9-1762.0) careous, micromicaceous 2700 feet (823.0 m) Bluefish Member (Thickness: 9.8 m/32 ft.) MESOZOIC 5781-5813 As above, at 5252-5286 feet (1600.8 (1762.0-177 1.8) 1611.2m) Thickness: 623.6 m (2046 ft.) Basal beds (Lower Cretaceous?) Hume Formation -2046 Shale: grey, dark grey, splintery to flaky, (-623.6) micromicaceous; basal sample is very Top at 1513.6 m (4966 ft.) below sea level sandy, highly glauconitic; pyrite Thickness: 175.6 m (576 ft.) nodule Upper member (Thickness: 53.9 m/l77 f I.) DEVONIAN 5813-5990 Limestone: grey-buff, chalky buff with (1771.8-1825.8) whi te specks, brown and white, dark Thickness: 929.9 m (3051 ft.) brown, micrograined, fossiJiferous Hume Formation Middle member (Thickness: 71.6 m/235 ft.) Top at 119.2 m (J91 ft.) below sea level Thickness: JJ 7.7 m (J86 ft.) 5990-6156 Limestone: grey, brown, white, micro 0825.8-1876.3) and very fine-grained, some aphanitic, Upper member fossiliferous; some shale: grey, green (Thickness: 35.4 m/ll6 ft.) grey, black, noncalcareous, micro micaceous 2046-2162 Limestone: buff, micrograined, some very (623.6-659.0) fine grained, some bioclastic 6156-6225 Limestone: dark grey-brown to buff and (1876.3-1897.4) white, micro- and very fine-grained Middle member (Thickness: 52.1 m/l71 ft.) Headless Member (Thickness: 50.0 m/l64 ft.) 2162-2333 Limestone: as above(?) (659.0-711.1 ) 6225-6389 Limestone: buff-grey to very dark brown Headless Member (1897.4-1947.4) grey, mostly micrograined and argiJla (Thickness: 30.2 m/99 ft.) ceous, some very fine grained; some shale: buff-grey and black, noncal 2333-2432 Limestone and shale careous; trace chert: buff (71 1.1-74 1.3) Landry Formation Landry Formation Top at 1689.2 m (5542 ft.) below sea level Top at 236.8 m (777 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 57.0 m (187 ft.) Thickness: 35.7 m (117 ft.) 6389-6576 Limestone: grey, brown-grey, pale grey, 2432-2549 Limestone: pale buff, aphanitic; in the (1947.4-2004.4) micro- to very fine-grained (741.3-776.9) lower part with some dolomite: pale Limestone: grey-buff to brown, aphanitic buff, microcrystalline Limestone: buff to grey, very fine grained and in part pelletal 65 Borehole Depth Borehole Depth feet (m) Lithology feet (m) Lithology Arnica Formation 5852-6293 Dolomite: pale buff, pale grey, some buff, (1783.7-1918.1) some pink and pale green, fine, Top at 272.5 m (894 ft.) below sea level medium and coarse crystalline with Thickness: 15.5 m (51 ft.) some very fine crystalline grading downward to mainly very fine to 2549-2600 Dolomite: pale buff, microcrystalline and microcrystalline; some silty and sandy (776.9-792.5) aphanitic; some pelletal structure zones and floating sand grains 6293-6544 Dolomite: pale buff and pale grey to Fort Norman Formation (1918.1-1994.6) brown and dark grey-brown, micro-and very fine-crystalline; in the lower part Top at 288.0 m (945 ft.) below sea level argillaceous and silty with some thin Thickness: 486.5 m (1596 ft.) black shale breaks 2600-4196 Anhydrite and dolomite (decreasing Cyclic member (792.5-1278.9) downward): pale buff to pale grey to (Thickness: 45.1 m/I48 ft.) brown-grey, microcrystalline to aphanitic 6544-6692 Dolomite: buff and buff-grey to dark (1994.6-2039.7) brown-grey, mostly microcrystalline, in part argillaceous and silty grading Tsetso Formation to shale; some sandy zones; more shaly in basal 10 m Top at 774.5 m (2541 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 274.6 m (901 ft.) 4196-4500 Anhydrite: pale buff; and CAMBRIAN (1278.9-1371.6) Dolomite: pale buff, some pale grey, some very pale green, aphanitic and micro Saline River Formation crystalline; some silty and sandy zones; trace pyrite; dolomite increases Top at 1535.3 m (5037 ft.) below sea level downward Thickness: 89.0 m (292 ft.) 4500-5097 Dolomite: buff to brown and grey, (1371.6-1553.6) aphanitic and microcrystalline; some anhydrite and some silty zones 6692-6788 Shale: maroon, pale green, purple, brown, (2039.7-2069.0) pink, slightly dolomitic Siltstone: pale grey, pale brown, CAMBRIAN-SILURIAN dolomitiq some Anhydrite: white, pink, pale grey, mostly Ronning Group in streaks in shale, some in siltstone Thickness: 486.2 m (1595 ft.) Salt member (Thickness: 42.7 m/I 40 ft.) MOWlt Kindle Formation 6788-6928 Halite Top at 1049.1 m (3442 ft.) below sea level (2069.0-2111.6) Thickness: 230.l m (755 ft.) Lower clastic member Upper pale member (Thickness: 17.1 m/56 ft.) (Thickness: 77.1 mf253 ft.) 6928-6984 Shale: grey, brown, maroon, green-grey, 5097-5350 Dolomite: buff to pale buff, very fine and (2111.6-2128.7) dolomitic; some anhydrite: some (1553.6-1630.7) fine crystalline, some medium siltstone: dolomitic crystalline; trace chert: pale buff, pale grey, grey-buff MOWlt Cap Formation Lower dark member (Thickness: 137.5 m/451 ft.) Top at 1624.3 m (5329 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 6.7 m (22 ft.) 5350-5510 Dolomite: grey-buff to dark brown-grey, (1630.7-1679.4) micro- to very fine-crystalline, in part 6984-7006 Shale: olive-green, brown, dolomitic very silty (2128.7-2135.4) Sandstone: pale grey, pale green, fine to very fine grained, quartzose 5510-5801 Dolomite: grey-buff to very dark brown Dolomite: black, si!ty, siliceous; grading (1679.4-1768. J) grey, some pale buff, micro- and very to fine-crystaJline; much chert: very dark Chert: in part oolitic brown-grey to black, some grey-buff Some glauconite concentrations Basal member (Thickness: 15.5 m/51 ft.) MOWlt Clark Formation 5801-5838 Dolomite: brown-grey to very dark brown Top at 1631.0 m (5351 ft.) below sea level (1768.1-1779.4) grey, argillaceous and silty; some Thickness: 21.3 m (70 ft.) crinoid ossicles 7006-7076 Sandstone: clear, some pink and pale 5838-5852 Shale: very dark brown-grey to black, (2135.4-2156.8) green colouring, fine to medium (1779.4-1783.7) dolomitic, silty, in part very sandy grained with some very fine and some coarse grained, subrounded, quartzose; some green specks (glauconite?) Franklin MOWltain Formation Top at 1279.2 m (4197 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 256.0 m (840 ft.) PROTEROZOIC Rhythmic member Unit I (Cap MOWltain) (Thickness: 210.9 m/692 ft.) Top at 1652.3 m (5421 ft.) below sea level Thickness: >13.4 m (>44 ft.) 66 Borehole Depth Borehole Depth feet (m) Lithology feet (m) Reported core descriptions 7076-7120 Shale: maroon to brick-red and purple, Upper clastic member (2156.8-2170.2) some brown and olive-green, dolo (Thickness: 119.8 m!393 ft.) mitic, in part silty and sandy, grading to sandstone and argillaceous dolomite 3757-3883 Shale: maroon, brown, green, slightly 0145.1-1183.5) dolomitic; thinly interbedded siltstone Total depth: 2170.2 m and anhydrite 3883-4150 Shale: green, some red; some anhydrite as (1183.5-1264.9) thin beds and filling fractures; rare sittstone beds Salt member (Thickness: 110.9 m!364 ft.) 19. E-15 4150-4514 Halite, with interbedded shale, anhydrite Log of \-Iobil Colville E-15 0264.9-1375.9) and dolomite Location: 67°14'18"N,126°18'26"W Elevation of Kelly BUShing: 386.8 m 0269 ft.) Lower clastic member Well log prepared by the writer based on reported core (Thickness: 29.8 m!98 ft.) descriptions; depth adjusted to gamma ray-neutron log. 4514-4612 Shale: dark green, green, brown and grey; (1375.9-1405.7) interbedded Dolomite: brown-grey, argillaceous, and Borehole Depth anhydrite feet (m) Reported core descriptions' Mount Cap Formation Top at 1018.9 m (3343 ft.) below sea level DEVONIAN Thickness: 105.2 m (345 ft.) Arnica-Landry formations Member f (Thickness: 8.5 m/28 ft.) Top at 386.8 m 0269 ft.) above sea level Thickness: 91.4 m (300 ft.) 4612-4640 Shale: black and green; dolomite; some (1405.7-1414.3) chert Member e CAMBRIAN-SILURIAN (Thickness: 18.3 m/60 ft.) Ronning Group 4640-4700 Dolomite, some shale 0414.3-1432.6) Thickness: 1053.7 m (3457 ft.) Member d FrankJin Mountain Formation (Thickness: 19.8 m/65 ft.) Top at 295.4 m (969 ft.) above sea level 4700-4765 Limestone: fossiliferous Thickness: 1053.7 m (3457 ft.) 0432.6-1452.4) Shale: black and green Cherty member Member c (Thickness: 753.5 m/2472 ft.) (Thickness: 10.7 m/35 ft.) 300(R)-2772 Dolomite: white and pale grey, fine and 4765-4800 Dolomite: fine and coarse crystalline (91. 4-844.9) medium crystalline, grading downward 0452.4-1463.0) Shale: black to (below 2100 ft./640.1 m) dark grey, brown and buff, microcrystalline, and Member b to grey and pale grey-brown at base (Thickness: 15.8 m/52 ft.) Chert: at 500 feet (J 52.4 m), 700 feet (213.4 m), 900 feet (274.3 m), 1100 4800-4852 Shale: green, red, grey; some pyrite: rare 1150 feet (335.3-350.5 m); oolitic 0463.0-1478.9) dolomite: coarse crystalline; 4755 chert at 1940 feet (591.3 m), 2070 feet 4856 feet 0449.3-1480.1 m) - early (630.9 m), and 2640-2760 feet (804.7 Middle Cambrian, W.H. Fritz (in 841.2 m) Barnes, et aI., 1974) Rhythmic member Member a (Thickness: 171.3 m!562 ft.) (Thickness: 32.0 m/i 05 ft.) 2772-3334 Dolomite: grey, pale grey-brown, micro 4852-4872 9 inches at top - dolomite: coarse crystal (844.9-1016.2) crystalline, in part argillaceous (J 478.9-1485.0) line, very glauconitic; siltstone: pale grey, dolomitic Cyclic member (Thickness: 128.9 m!423 ft.) 4872-4912 Siltstone: dolomitic, argillaceous 0485.0-1497.2) Shale: green, pyritic 3334-3566 Dolomite: grey, brown, argillaceous, with 4900-4902 feet 0493.5-1494.1 m) -late 0016.2-1086.9) some interbedded shale Early Cambrian, W.H. Fritz (!.!! Barnes et al., 1974) 3566-3757 Dolomite: as above, with interbedded 0086.9-1145.1) shale: green and grey 4912-4922 Dolomite: grey to brown, coarse (1497.2-1500.2) crystalline; some glauconite 4922-4957 Siltstone: grey and brown CAMBRIAN (1500.2-1510.9) Dolomite: coarse crystal1ine; some glauconite and pyrite Saline River Formation Top at 758.3 m (2488 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 260.6 m (855 ft.) 'Well history report. 67 Borehole Depth Borehole Depth feet (m) Reported core descriptions feet (m) Lithology Mount Clark Formation Cherty member (Thickness: 375.2 m/1231 ft.) Top at 1124.1 m (3688 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 18.6 m (61 ft.) 913--1300 Dolomite: buff to pale buff and white, (278.3-396.2) trace pale green, micro- and very 4957-5018 Sandstone: white, fine to coarse grained, fine-crystalline, some fine and (1510.9-1529.5) rounded, quartzose medium crystalline; trace chert: At base - I foot 01 pebble conglomerate white, pale buff; some pyrite. Dolomite: grades downward to mainly buff, fine crystalline; 910-925 feet (277.3-281.9 m) no conodonts, PROTEROZOIC T.T. Uyeno (see Appendix I) Shale unit -1300--1700 Dolomite: (at top in part calcareous), (Reference section) H96.2~518.2) buff, grey, brown, pale buff, white, micro- to very fine-crystalline; some Top at 1142.7 m (3749 ft.) below sea level chert: white and pale buff; and clear Thickness: >298.1 m (>978 ft.) quartz (abundant in places); at 1300 feet (396.2 m) some sand: coarse, 5018-5186 Shale and siltstone: varicoloured, inter quartz; 1600- 1700 feet (487.7 (1529.5-1580.7) bedded; some sandstone 518.2 m) trace pink colouring; 1325- 1336 feet (403.9-407.2 m) no 5186-5650 Siltstone, sandstone and shale: 5377- conadonts, T.T. Uyeno (see (1580.1-1722.1 ) 5404 feet (1638.9-1647.1 m) - mainly Appendix J) sandstone; 5506-5512 feet (1678.2 1680.1 m) - orthoquartzite -1700-1800 Dolomite: brown to buff, micro- and very (-518.2~548.6) fine-crystalline 5650-5850 Mainly sandstone: very fine grained; trace Shale: buff-grey to green-grey, dolomitic; (1722.1-1783.1) of glauconite grades downward to Dolomite: brown, grey-brown, pink, buff, 5850-5958 Shale, sandstone and siltstone in part argillaceous, grading to (1783.1-1816.0) dolomitic shale 5958-5980? Conglomerate: of sandstone, chert and -1800-1983 Dolomite: brown, buff to pale buff and (1816.0-1822.77) quartz; some siltstone and sandstone (-548.6-604.4) white, micro- and very fine interbedded crystalline; trace of white and pale buff chert 5980?-5996 Shale, sandstone, siltstone and (I822.7?-1827.6) orthoquartzite 1983-2144 Dolomite: buff to white, microcrystalline (604.4-653.5) Chert: white and pale buff TotaJ depth: 1827.6 m Quartz: clear Sand: coarse and very coarse grained, subrounded, quartzose Trace shale: pale green Rhythmic member (Thickness: >133.8 m!>439 ft.) 20. E-30 2144-2500 Limestone: brown, pink, red-streaked and Log of Aquit. Old Fort Point E-30 (653.5-762.0) orange, mlcrograined, doJomitic Location: 64°49'26"N, 124° 50' 16"W Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 127.1 m (417 ft.) 2500-2583 Limestone: as above, and Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; (762.0-787.3) Dolomite: brown, orange, buff, pink, depth adjusted to sonic log. micro-crystalline; some dolomite: dark grey, argillaceous; 2568-2583 feet (782.7-787.3 m) - no conodonts, Borehole Depth T.T. Uyeno (see AppendiX I) feet (m) Lithology Total depth: 787.3 m MESOZOIC Thickness: 122.8 m (403 ft.) Basal beds (Lower Cretaceous ?) 760-913 (Overlain by sandstone) Conglomerate: 22. F-39 (231.6-278.5) pebbles (and larger?) of buff, grey, and white chert Log of Imperial Raider Island No. I Location: 65° 18' 15"N, 127"06'57"W Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 65.8 m (216 ft.) CAMBRIAN-SlLURIAN Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; depth adjusted to electric log. Ronning Group Thickness: >509.0 m (> 1670 ft.) MESOZOIC Franklin Mountain Formation Thickness: 104.6 m (343 ft.) Top at 151.2 m (496 ft.) below sea level Basal beds (Lower Cretaceous ?) Thickness: >509.0 m (>1670 ft.) 68 Borehole Depth feet (m) Lithology 22. F-49 275-393 Sandstone: very pale grey, very fine Log of Cdn. Res. KeJJer Lake F-49 (83.8-119.8) grained, very silty, mainly quartzose, Location: 63°58'20"N,121°53'30"W micaceous; some siltstone: grey, Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 2& 1.0 m (922 ft.) coarse grained; some shale: dark grey, Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; silty; traces glauconite; at base some depth adjusted to sonic log. sandstone: medium grained, poorly sorted, quartzose, slightly glauconitic; Borehole Depth and some sand: coarse grained, feet (m) Lithology subrounded quartz MESOZOIC UPPER DEVONIAN Thickness: 25.3 m (83 ft.) Imperial Formation Basal beds (Lower Cretaceous ?) Top at 53.9 m (I77 ft.) below sea level 443-477 Siltstone: grey-buff to brown-grey, Thickness: 426.7 m (1400 ft.) ( 135.0-145.4) argillaceous, highly micaceous, in part sandy 393-1003 Siltstone: grey, micromicaceous, in part Sandstone: dear, pale buff, some black, 019.8-305.7) argillaceous very poorly sorted; some sand, up to Siltstone: pale grey, coarse grained, very coarse grained, quartzose; some micromicaceous pyrite nodules Shale: dark grey, micromicaceous, in part silly 1003-1793 Shale: dark grey, micromicaceous, rarely DEVONIAN (305.7-546.5) silty; rare siltstone, argillaceous Thickness: >71.5 m (>234.7 ft.) Horn River Group Landry Formation Thickness: >121.1 m (>397 ft.) Top at 135.6 m (445 ft.) above sea level Thickness: 7.0 m (23 ft.) Canal Formation 477-500 Limestone: pale buff, aphanitic and some Top at 480.7 m (1577 ft.) below sea level 045.4-152.4) peJJetal Thickness: 79.6 m (261 ft.) 1793-1868 Shale: dark brown-grey, brittle; some Arnica Formation (546.5-569.4) pyrite; trace limestone: brown, fine grained, argiJJaceous Top at 128.6 m (422 ft.) above sea level Thickness: 47.5 m (156 ft.) 1868-1932 Shale: brown-black, bi tuminous; some (569.4-588.9) pyri te nodules 500-560 Dolomite: pale buff, microcrystalline, (152.4-170.7) "earthyll-textured 1932-2035 Shale: very dark brown-grey, brittle; (588.9-620.3) trace shell fragments, black, non 560-590 Limestone: pale buff, micrograined and calcareous ( 170.7-180.0) very fine grained Dolomite: very pale buff, chalky textured; Allochthonous limestone some shale: pale grey-green, waxy (Thickness: 5.8 mf19 ft.) 590-600 Shale: pale green, dolomitic, grading to 2035-2054 Limestone: brown to brown-black, fine 0&0.0- 182 .9) very argillaceous dolomite (620.3-626.1) grained fragments in black, silty, argiJJaceous material 600-656 Limestone: pale buff and buff, micro- and Shale: brown-black, silty, calcareous 082.9-200.0) very fine-crystalline Dolomite: pale and very pale buff, micro crystalline, in part chalky-textured Ramparts Formation Top at 560.2 m (1838 ft.) below sea level Fort Norman Formation Thickness: 7.9 m (26 ft.) Top at 81.1 m (266 ft.) above sea level Platform member Thickness: >16.8 m (>55 ft.) 2054-2080 Limestone: pale buff, micrograined, some 656-71 1 Anhydrite: pale buff (626.1-634.0) fine and coarse grained; some (200.0-216.7) limestone: brown, micrograined Total depth: 216.7 m Hare Indian Formation Top at 568.1 m (I864 ft.) below sea level Thickness: >33.5 m (> 110 ft.) Grey shale member 23. F-62 2080-2190 Shale: buff-grey, micromicaceous; 2130 Log of Arco Lost Hill Lake F-62 (634.0-667.5) 2190 feet (649.2-667.5 m) samples include some siltstone: white, pale Location: 65°41'23"N, 123° 12'20"W Elevation of KeJJy Bushing: 267.9 m (879 ft.) grey and grey, in part coarse grained and slightly sandy, calcareous, WeJJ log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; micaceous depth adjusted to sonic log. Total depth: 667.5 m MESOZOIC Thickness: 502.3 m (1648 ft.) Basal beds (Lower Cretaceous ?) 69 Borehole Depth Borehole Depth feet (m) Lithology feet (m) Lithology 1669-174& (Overlain by sandstone and siltstone). 3210-33&9 Dolomite: very pale bull to bull, (50&.7-532.&) Sand: coarse grained, very coarse grained (97&.4-1033.0) aphanitic to microcrystalline; 3290 and larger, quartz, subangular to 3321 feet (1002.&-1012.2 m)- much subrounded dolomite: bull, grey, aphanitic and veryargillaceous DEVONIAN Cyclic member (Thickness: 3&.1 m/I 25 ft.) Tsetso Formation 33&9-3514 Dolomite: buff and grey, aphanitic to Top at 264.9 m (&69 ft.) below sea level (l033.0-1071.1l microcrystalline, in part argillaceous; Thickness: 45.7 m (150 ft.) some shale: buff··grey, dolomitic; 3500-3514 feet (1066.&-1071.1 m) 1748-1&98 Dolomite: pale grey-green to pale buff, some shale: grey-green, dolomitic (532.&-578.5) microcrystalline, mostly silty and argillaceous; grading to Dolomitic si!tstone and dolomitic shale; CAMBRIAN some pyri te; trace shale: maroon, dolomitic Saline River Formation Top at &03.1 m (2635 ft.) below sea level CAMBRIAN-SILURIAN Thickness: 253.9 m (&33 ft.) Ronning Group Thickness: 492.6 m (1616 ft.) 3514-3577 Interbedded dolomite and shale. Mount Kindle Formation (1071.1-1090.3) Dolomite: buff-grey to pale grey-bull, microcrystalline to aphanitic, in part Top at 310.6 m (1019 ft.) below sea level argillaceous Thickness: 132.9 m (436 ft.) Shale: pale green-grey to pale grey-green and pale green, trace maroon, mostly U er ale member dolomitic (Thickness: 67.7 m 222 ft.) 3577-3696 Shale: maroon, green, pale green, purple, 189&~2120 Dolomite: buff and pale buff, micro- (1090.3-1126.5) dolomitic (57&.5~46.2) crystalline; some shale: pale grey Dolomite: pale bull to grey-bull and green, in part micropyritic pink, microcrystalline, in part silty; some anhydrite Lower dark member (Thickness: 64.3 m/211 ft.) Salt member (Thickness: 156.7 m/514 ft.) -2120-2331 Dolomite: bull to grey-brown, micro- (-646.2-710.5) crystalline; some chert: grey-bull; 3696-4210 Halite grades downward to buff, micro- to (1126.5-12&3.2) very fine-crystalline dolomite Lower clastic member Basal member (Thickness: 41.& m/137 ft.) (Thickness: 0.9 ml3 f t.) 4210-4347 Dolomite: grey, grey-brown, some bull, 2331-2334 Shale: bUll-grey, slightly dolomitic, (12&3.2-1325.0) aphanitic to microcrystalline, mostly (710.5-711.4) pyritic argillaceous Shale: green-grey to grey-green, olive green, trace maroon, in part dolomitic Franklin Mountain Formation Mount Cap Formation Top at 443.5 m (1455 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 359.7 m (11&0 ft.) Top at 1057.0 m (346& ft.) Thickness: >66.& m (>219 ft.) Members d and e (Thickness: 29.6 m/97 ft.) 2334-2484 Dolomite: pale grey to pale buff and (711.4-757.1l milky white, medium and coarse 4347-4444 Shale: grey-green and olive-green to dark crystalline; trace pale green (1325.0-1354.5) green-grey, some purple-grey (much intercrystalline day; trace pyrite maroon at top), splintery, slightly dolomitic; some si!tstone: brown-grey, Cherty member dolomitic, hard; some dolomite: buff, (Thickness: 123.7 m/406 ft.) micro- and very fine-crystalline 24&4--2&10 Dolomite: buff to creamy white, trace Member c (757.k856.5) pink and pale green, very fine and (Thickness: 6.7 m/22 ft.) microcrystalline; some chert: white, pale bull, pale buff-grey 4444-4466 Dolomite: bull, medium crystalline; some (1354.5-1361.2) thinly interbedded shale: black, -2&10-2&90 Dolomite: pale grey-buff to brown, some brittle, slightly dolomitic (-&56.5-&&0.9) pale buff, micro- and very fine crystalline; some chert: grey-buff Member b (Thickness: >30.5 m/> 100 ft.) Rhythmic member (Thickness: 152.1 m/499 ft.) 4466-4566 Shale: purple and brown to grey and (1361.2-1391.7) green, mostly very micaceous, in part 2&90-2923 Dolomite: grey-buff to brown, micro- dolomitic, in part with glauconite (&&0.9-&90.9) crystalline; some dolomite: bUll-grey, pellets; some si!tstone: whi te to bull very argillaceous; grading to shale: and grey, in part very micaceous, grey, very dolomitic dolomitic, in part highly glauconitic; trace dolomite: brown, pelletal 2923-3210 Dolomite: very pale bull to bull and structured (&90.9-97&.4 ) brown, micro- to very fine-crystalline; trace fine crystalline; trace chert Total depth: 1391.7 m 70 Borehole Depth 24. G-02 feet (m) Lithology Log of Elf Horton River G-02 Arnica Formation Location: 69°51'23"N,127°15'56"W Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 38.1 m ([25 ft.) Top at 909.8 m (2985 ft.) below sea level Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; depth adjusted to sonic log. Thickness: 138.7 m (455 ft.) 3110~3200 Dolomite: pale buff to creamy white, (947.9~75.4) very fine and fine crystalline Borehole Depth feet (m) Lithology -3200-3565 Dolomite: pale buff and buff, some (-975.4-1086.6) brown, very fine and fine crystalline, some microcrystalline, in part sucrosic with intercrystalline porosity MESOZOIC Thickness: 553.2 m ([815 ft.) Tatsieta Formation Basal beds (Lower Cretaceous) Top at 1048.5 m (3440 ft.) below sea level 1737-1815 Sand: fine to very coarse grained, sub Thickness: 17.7 m (58 ft.) (529.4-553.2) rounded, quartzose 3565-3623 Limestone: white to pale buff, aphanitic; (1086.6-1104.3) some shale: pale green to pale green grey, micropyritic; some dolomite: DEVONIAN creamy white, microcrystalline, calcareous Thickness: 551.1 m ([808 ft.) Horn River Group CAMBRIAN-SILURIAN Thickness: 152.4 m (500 ft.) Ronning Group Hare Indian Formation Thickness: >1373.7 m (>4507 ft.) Top at 515.1 m ([690 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 152.4 m (500 ft.) Peel Formation Grey shale member Top at 1066.2 m (3498 ft.) below sea level (Thickness: 124.7 m!409 ft.) Thickness: 355.7 m (1167 ft.) 1815-2224 Shale: pale grey to brown-grey, flaky, 3623-3910 Dolomite: pale buff to pale grey, (553.2-677.9) slightly calcareous, micromicaceous (1104.3-1191.8) microcrysta1Jine, microsucrosic; trace shale: pale green Bluefish Member (Thickness: 27.7 m!91 ft.) 3910-4400 Dolomite: as above; some dolomite: grey (11 91.8-1341.1) buff to brown, microcrystalline, in 2224--2300 Shale: black, bituminous, flaky, non part argillaceous; some shale: dark (677. 9~70 1.0) calcareous grey to black, in part silty; trace shale: grey-green -2300-2315 Shale: grey-brown to very dark brown (-701.0-705.6) grey, calcareous, with white and ~400--4630 Dolomite: pale buff to buff-grey, micro brown calcite; grading to (-)341.1-1411.2) crystalline and microsucrosiq some Limestone: grey-brown, very argillaceous fine and medium crystalline -4630-4750 Dolomite: pale buff to creamy white and Hume Formation H411.2-1447.8) pale grey, mostly medium crystalline with some coarse and some fine Top at 667.5 m (2190 ft.) below sea level crystalline; some good intercrystalline Thickness: 45.7 m ([50 ft.) porosity 2315-2465 Limestone: grey-buff to grey and brown 4750-4790 Dolomite: buff and brown to dark brown, (705.6-751.3) and white, micrograined, in part (1447.8-1460.0) microcrystalline, very fine and fine argillaceous; some shale: grey, crystalline, some microcrystalline, calcareous; shell fragments; below tight; some dolomite: grey to dark 2380 feet (725.4 m) - increasingly brown-grey, argillaceous; grading to argillaceous and fossil iferous, with shale more interbedded shale downward Mount Kindle Formation Landry Formation Top at 1421.9 m (4665 ft.) below sea level Top at 713.2 m (2340 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 144.8 m (475 ft.) Thickness: 196.6 m (645 ft.) 4790-5265 Dolomite: buff to brown, micro- to fine 2465-2900 Limestone: buff to brown, aphanitic to ([ 460.0-1604.8) crystalline (751.3~883.9) micrograined, some pelletal; some interbedded shale: dark brown-grey to black; grades downward to Franklin Mountain Formation -2900--3000 Limestone: buff and grey-buff, mostly Top at 1566.7 m (5140 ft.) below sea level (-883.9~14.4) aphanitic and pelletal, some micro Thickness: >873.3 m (>2865 ft.) grained; trace shale: pale grey-green Upper dolomite member -3000-3110 Limestone: pale buff to creamy white, (Thickness: 315.5 m1l035 ft.) (-914.4-947.9) some buff to brown, mostly aphanitic; some dolomite: buff and pale buff, 5265-5460 Dolomite: buff to grey, pale buff, brown, microcrystalline; some interbedded (1604.8-1664.2) coarse crystalline and fine crystalline shale: dark brown-grey to black with traces pale green, purple and pink 71 Borehole Depth Borehole Depth feet (m) Lithology feet (m) Lithology 5460-6300 Dolomite: pale to very pale buff and pale Horn River Group (l664.2~1920.2) grey, coarse crystalline, some medium and fine crystalline; some inter Thickness: 272.8 m (895 ft.) crystalline quartz; trace shale: pale green to pale green-grey Canol Formation Cherty member (Thickness: 359.7 m/1180 ft.) Top at 806.5 m (2646 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 60.7 m (199 ft.) -6300-7335 Dolomite: as above; some chert: pale H 920.2-2235.7} buff to white, in part oolitic; trace 3083-3282 Shale: black, bi tuminous quartz; at 6730-6740 feet (2051.3 (939.7-1000.4) 2054.3 m) some sandy dolomite and trace sandstone: fine to medium Hare Indian Formation grained, rounded to subrounded, quartzose with dolomitic cement; Top at 867.2 m (2845 ft.) below sea level around 7300 feet (2225.0 m) much Thickness: 212.1 m (696 ft.) chert and some quartz Black shale member 7335-7480 Dolomite: pale to very pale buff and pale (Thickness: 89.6 m/294 ft.) (2235.7-2279.9) grey, microcrystalline, very fine, fine and medium to coarse crystalline; 3282-3550 Shale: black, siliceous, bi tuminous; some some chert: pale buff to pale buff (l000.4-1082.0) very thin calcite veins; in lower part grey; chert decreases downward to some siltstone: brown-grey, very trace calcareous (?)Rhythmic member 3550-3576 Shale: black, very calcareous, with limy (Thickness: >198.1 m/>650 ft.) (1082.0-1090.0) specks and streaks 7480-8130 Dolomite: grey-buff to pale buff, some Grey shale member (2279.9-2478.0) grey-brown, mostly micro- to very' (Thickness: 107.9 m/354 ft.) fine-crystalline, some fine and medium crystalline; trace chert: 3576-3930 Shale: brown-grey, flaky, slightly cal whi te, pale buff and pale grey (l090.0-1197.9) careous, micromicaceous Total depth: 2478.0 m Bluefish Member (Thickness: 14.6 m/48 ft.) 3930-3978 Shale: black, in the lower part calcareous (l197.9-12l2.5) with some chalky limestone patches Hume Formation 25. G-12 Top at 1079.3 m (3541 ft.) below sea level Log of Imperial Loonex No. I Thickness: 100.0 m (328 ft.) Location: 65°11'19"N, 127°02'33"W Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 133.2 m (437 ft.) 3978-4170 Limestone: grey-brown and buff, micro Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; (l212.5-1271.0) grained, in part argillaceous depth adjusted to electric log. 4170-4220 Shale: dark grey, calcareous (1271.0-1286.3) Limestone: grey-brown, argillaceous MESOZOIC 4220-4306 Limestone: grey-brown, grey, buff-grey, (l286.3-l312.5) in part argillaceous; some shale: Thickness: 399.3 m (1310 ft.) calcareous Basal beds (Lower Cretaceous ?) 1300-1320 (Overlain by sandstone and siitstone.) Landry Formation (396.2-402.3) Sandstone: medium and coarse grained, quartzose, very glauconitic; one very Top at 1179.3 m (3869 ft.) below sea level coarse sand grain of quartz Thickness: 21.0 m (69 ft.) 4306-4375 Limestone: brown, buff, aphanitic and (l3l2.5-1333.5) micrograined, some pelletal UPPER DEVONIAN Imperial Formation Arnica Formation Top at 269.1 m (883 ft.) below sea level Top at 1200.3 m (3938 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 537.4 m (1763 ft.) Thickness: 22.9 m (75 ft.) 1320-2230 Shale: dark grey, micromicaceous 4375-4450 Dolomite: brown, buff, micro- and very (402.3-679.7) Siltstone: grey, argillaceous, micromica (1333.5-1356.4) fine-crystalline, in part microsucrosic ceous 2230-3083 Shale: dark grey, micromicaceous; at Fort Norman Formation (679.7-939.7) 2770-2780 feet (844.3-847.3 m) - some glauconite concentrations that look to Top at 1223.2 m (4013 ft.) below sea level be in-place Thickness: >34.7 m (> 114 ft.) 4450-4564 Anhydrite: buff, grey-buff, grey; probably (1356.4-1391.1) some interbedded dolomite DEVONIAN Total depth: 1391.1 m Thickness: >451.4 m (>1481 ft.) 72 Borehole Depth 26. G-22 feet (m) Lithology Log of BP Losh Lake, G- 22 2060-2120 Dolomite: creamy white to grey, buff, Location: 65'51'29"N, 123'19'35"W (627.9-646.2) brown and pale green-grey, microcry Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 293.2 m (962 ft.) stalline; trace shale: grey and green Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; depth adjusted to sonic log. 2120~2300 Dolomite: creamy white to buff, micro (646.2-701.0) crystalline Borehole Depth feet (m) Lithology -2300-2550 Dolomite: pale buff to grey-brown, micro (-701.0-777.2) crystalline to aphanitic; in lower part, in part argillaceous; 2450-2485 feet (746.8-757.4 m) some very argillaceous MESOZOIC dolomite Thickness: 328.6 m (1078 ft.) Cyclic member Basal beds (Lower Cretaceous ?) (Thickness: 37.2 m/l22 ft.) 1212-1228 (Overlain by sandstone) 2550-2672 Dolomite: buff and grey, aphanitic to 069.4-374.3) Sandstone: pale grey, fine to very fine (777.2-814.4) microcrystalline, in part argillaceous; grained, poorly sorted, and fine to much shale: buff-grey to green-grey, coarse and very coarse grained, very dolomitic poorly sorted, quartzose; interbedded with Shale: dark grey and black, very pyritic; much pyrite in sandstone; some CAMBRJAN Sand: coarse grained and very coarse grained and larger, quartz Saline River Formation Top at 521.2 m (1710 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 241.7 m (793 ft.) CAMBRIAN-SILURJAN Ronning Group Thickness: 440.1 m (1444 ft.) 2672-2722 Interbedded dolomite and shale. (814.4-829.7) Dolomite: pale buff to grey-brown, micro Mount Kindle Formation crystalline to aphanitic, in part argillaceous; trace pink colouring in Top at 81.1 m (266 ft.) below sea level dolomite Thickness: 84.1 m (276 ft.) Shale: grey-green to pale green and green-grey, mostly dolomitic 1228-1370 Dolomite: pale buff to grey-buff, micro 074.3-417.6) crystalline to aphanitic; trace darker 2722-2&53 Shale: maroon, green, pale green, purple, streaks and patches; some shale: very (829.7-869.6) dolomitic pale green Dolomite: pale buff to grey-buff and pink, some milky white and some pale green 1370-1504 Dolomite: buff, mostly microcrystalline, colouring, microcrystalline to (417.6-458.4) some very fine crystalline; 1400 aphanitic, in part argillaceous and in 1420 feet (426.7-432.8 m) - some pink part silly; trace anhydrite colouring and some chert: whi te and pink Salt member (Thickness: 146.6 m/481 ft.) FrankJin Mountain Formation 2853-3334 Halite (869.6-1016.2) Top at 165.2 m (542 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 356.0 m (1168 ft.) Lower clastic member (Thickness: 39.9 m/131 ft.) 3334-3465 Shale: green-grey, olive-green, brown (1016.2-1056.1) grey, in part dolomi tic 1504-1619 Dolomite: pale grey to pale buff and Dolomite: grey to grey-brown and grey (458.4-493.5) milky white, some pink, medium and buff, mostly aphanitic and argil coarse crystalline; some pale green, laceous; trace anhydrite, associated intercrystalline day; 1600-1619 feet with shale and dolomite in very thin (487.7-493.5 m) - pale green colouring layers and more pale green day Cherty member Mount Cap Formation (Thickness: 126.8 m/4l6 ft.) Top at 762.9 m (2503 ft.) below sea level 1619--1880 Dolomite: buff to creamy white, very fine Thickness: 82.6 m (271 ft.) (493.5~573.0) to microcrystalline, some fine and medium crystalline; near top some Members e and d pink and pale green colouring; trace (Thickness: 26.5 m/87 ft.) oolite; trace chert: milky white and pale buff; trace shale: pale green 3465-3552 Shale: dark grey-green to olive-green, (1056.1-1082.6) maroon and brown, splintery, -1880-2035 Dolomite: pale grey-buff to brown, dolomi tic, grading downward to mostly (-573.0-620.3) micro- and very fine-crystalline, some grey-green, splintery to flaky; some pale grey, pale buff and dark brown; dolomite: pale buff to brown with trace chert: pale grey-buff; 1990 some heavy glauconite concentrations; 2000 feet (606.6-609.6 m) - some some sHtstone: brown-grey, dolomitic dolomite: buff-grey, very argillaceous Member c Rhythmic member (Thickness: 7.3 m/24 ft.) (Thickness: 157.0 m/515 ft.) 3552-3576 Dolomite: brown to buff, medium to 2035-2060 Dolomite: grey-buff to brown, micro- (1082.6-1090.0) coarse crystalline, at the top highly (620.3-627.9) crystalline, in part argillaceous; some glauconitic; some interbedded shale: shale: dark brown-grey, dolomitic very dark brown-grey to black, brittle 73 Borehole Depth Borehole Depth feet (m) Lithology feet (m) Lithology Member b Canol Formation (Thickness: 37.2 10/122 ft.) Top at 175.6 m (576 ft.) below sea level 3576-3698 Shale: green to purple, grey and brown, Thickness: 74.1 m (243 ft.) (1090.0-1127.2) mostly very micaceous, in part dolomitic; in the lower part some 759-822 At top (sample "760"), limestone: chalky dolomite: buff to brown, very silty; (231.3-250.5) brown, silty grading to siltstone: very dolomitic, Limestone: dark brown, very fine and fine micaceous grained, argilIaceous and silty Shale: dark brown-grey, brittle; some Member a pyrite (Thickness: 11.6 10/38 ft.) 822-880 Shale: black, hard, bituminous, with 3698-3736 Siltstone: white, coarse grained, micro (250.5-268.2) pyritic chert nodules (1127.2-1138.7) glauconitic, in part sandy, quartzose Sandstone: very fine to fine grained, some 880-980 Shale: dark brown-grey, brittle; some medium and coarse grained, quartzose; (268.2-298.7) thinly interbedded siliceous limestone; some sandstone: green and pale grey, some pyrite very poorly sorted, highly glauconitic (to more than 5096) Allochthonous limestone 3722-3732 feet (l134.5-1137.5m) - late (Thickness: 6.7 10/22 ft.) Early Cambrian, W.H. Fritz (see Appendix 1) 980-1002 Limestone: brown, buff, reef, bioclastic (298.7-305.4) and other; some shale: black, silty Mount Clark Formation Ramparts Formation Top at 845.5 m (2774 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 64.3 m (211 ft.) Top at 249.6 m (819 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 30.5 m (J 00 ft.) 3736-3947 Sand: pink, fine to very coarse grained (J 138.7-1203.0) and larger, quartz Reef member (Thickness: 7.3 10/24 ft.) 1002-1026 Limestone: reef PROTEROZOIC 005.4-312.7) Unit I (Cap Mountain) Platform member (Thickness: 23.2 10/76 ft.) Top at 909.8 m (2985 ft.) below sea level Thickness: >22.3 m (>73 ft.) 1026-1060 Siltstone: brown, calcareous, oily 012.7-323.1) Limestone: brown, buff, silty, fossili- 3947-4020 Shale: maroon to brick-red and pale ferous (1203.0-1225.3) purple, hard, slightly dolomitic, Shale: grey-brown, fossiliferous micromicaceous; some dolomite: paie buff to pink and some pale green, 1060-1102 Limestone: pale buff, buff, reefoid, microcrystalline; some chert: pale 023.1-335.9) bioclastic, fossiliferous; some buff and pink; trace shale: pale olive siltstone: coarse grained, slightly green, waxy calcareous, micaceous Total depth: 1225.3 m Hare Indian Formation Top at 280.1 m (919 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 153.6 m (504 ft.) Grey shale member (Thickness: 137.510/451 ft.) 27. G-44 1102-1155 Shale: grey, silty, very micaceous, Log of Imperial Morrow Creek No. I 035.9-352.0) slightly calcareous Location: 65°23'15"N,127°23'07"W Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 55.8 m (183 ft.) 1155-1553 Shale: grey, micromicaceous, slightly Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; 052.0-473.4) calcareous, in part very micaceous depth adjusted to electric log. Bluefish Member (Thickness: 16.2 m/53 ft.) UPPER DEVONIAN 1553-1606 Shale: black bi tuminous; spores; some (473.4-489.5) pyrite; 1580-1606 feet (481.6 Imperial Formation 489.5 m), much calcite, brown and white, and pyrite Top above 40.5 m (above 133 ft.) above sea level Thickness: >216.1 m (>709 ft.) Hume Formation above 50(R)-759 Shale: dark grey, mostly silty, micro above (J 5.2-231.3) micaceous Top at 433.7 m (I423 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 101.8 m 034 ft.) 1606-1700(S) Limestone: brown and buff; mostly DEVONIAN (489.5-518.2) micrograined Thickness: >385.6 m (> 1265 ft.) 1700(S)-1740(S) Limestone: pale buff, fine and medium (518.2-530.4) grained, reefoid and bioclastic Horn River Group 1740(S)-1830(S) Limestone: grey and brown-grey, mostly Thickness: 258.2 m (847 ft.) (530.4-557.8) argillaceous and silty, in part medium grained and rubbly 74 Borehole Depth Borehole Depth feet (m) Lithology feet (m) Lithology -1830(5)--1940(5} Limestone: brown, grey-brown, buff, Canol Formation (-557 .8~591.3) grey-buff, grey, mostly very fine grained to medium grained, in part Top at 362.7 m (1190 ft.) below sea level argillaceous and silty; trace shale: Thickness: 64.9 m (213 ft.) green 1370-1444 Shale: black, bi tuminous (417.6-440.1) Siltstone: brown-grey, coarse grained, Landry Formation argillaceous; some Dolomite: brown, micro- and very fine Top at 535.5 m (1757 ft.) below sea level crystalline; trace pyrite Thickness: 6.1 m (20 ft.) 1444-1583 Shale: dark brown-grey, black, bituminous -1940(5}-1950(5} Limestone: brown, pelletal (440.1-482.5) (-591.3-594.4) 1950(5}- I960(5} Limestone: pale buff, soft, very Hare Indian Formation (594.4-597.4) argillaceous Top at 427.6 m (1403 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 132.6 m (435 ft.) Arnica Formation Black shale member Top at 541.6 m (1777 ft.) below sea level (Thickness: 86.6 m!284 ft.) Thickness: >19.5 m (>64 ft.) 1583-1733 Shale: brown-black, siliceous, in part cal 1960(5}-2024 Dolomite: buff and brown, micro- and (482.5-528.2) careous; trace pyrite; some shale: (597.4-616.9) very fine-crystalline; at 2000 feet grey, very micaceous (609.6 m) some pale buff and pale grey, anhydritic 1733~1840 Shale: black, slightly calcareous, bitu (528.2~560.8) minous, micromicaceous Total depth: 616.9 m -1840-1867 Shale: brown-black, calcareous, very bi tu (-560.8-569.0) minous; some pyrite Grey shale member (transitional) (Thickness: 31.4 m/I 03 ft.) 1867-1970 Shale: dark brown-grey, hard, very sili 28. G-5fc (569.0-600.5) ceous, micromicaceous; shale: brown black, noncalcareous, bituminous, Log of Imperial Canyon Creek No. 1 micromicaceolls; some shale: grey, Location: 65° 10'22"N, 126°24'51"W brown-grey, very micaceous; trace Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 54.9 m (180 ft.) pyrite Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; depth adjusted to electric log. Bluefish Member (Thickness: 14.6 m!48 ft.) 1970-1996 Shale: brown-black, silty, slightly calcar UPPER DEVONIAN (600.5-608.4) eous, bituminous Imperial Formation 1996-2018 Shale: brown-black, very calcareous, bi tu (608.4-61 5. I} minous; thin calcitic streaks Top at 54.9 m (180 ft.) above sea level Thickness: 417.6 m (1370 ft.) Hume Formation 0-300 5iltstone: grey, slightly calcareous, (0-91.4) micaceous; siltstone: grey, coarse Top at 560.2 m (1838 ft.) below sea level grained, slightly calcareous, Thickness: >14.6 m (>48 ft.) micaceous; grading to 5andstone: very fine grained, sil ty 2018-2060 Limestone: pale buff to brown, micro 5hale: dark grey, silty, micaceous (615.1-627.9) grained, biodastic, fossiliferous 300-325 Sandstone: pale green-grey, fine grained, Total depth: 629.7 m (91.4-99.1 ) calcareous, micaceous; some sand stone: green-brown, fine grained Siltstone: green-grey, Coarse grained, calcareous, micaceous 325-1225 Shale: dark grey, micromicaceous (99.1-373.4) 29. G-51p Canyon Creek sandstone lentil (Reference section) Log of Aquit Plateau G-51 (Thickness: 27.7 m/91 ft.) Location: 63°50'22"N, 125°25'04"W Elevation of Kelly BUShing: 814.4 m (2672 ft.) 1225-1316 Sandstone: pale grey, very fine grained, Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; 073.4-40I.I) silty, quartz-rich, micaceous depth adjusted to sonic log. 1316-1370 Shale: dark grey, micromicaceous (401.1-417.6) UPPER DEVONIAN Imperial Formation DEVONIAN Top at 814.4 m (2672 ft.) above sea level Thickness: >212.1 m (>696 ft.) Thickness: 587.7 m (1928 ft.) Horn River Group 0~1000 Shale: dark grey, silty, micromicaceous; (0~304.8) rare quartzitic siltstone or sandstone Thickness: 197.5 m (648 ft.) 75 Borehole Depth Borehole Depth feet (m) Lithology feet (m) Lithology -1000--1800 Shale: dark grey, splintery to flaky, 4004-4660 Limestone: brown-grey to very dark (-304.8~548.6) micromicaceous (1220.4-1420.4) brown-grey and black, aphanitic, pel letal, argillaceous; grading to, and -1800-1928 Shale: dark grey, silty, micromicaceous, interbedded with shale: black, cal (-548.6-587.7) in part grading to siltstone: argil careous; increasing amount downward laceous; si! tstone increases downward of limestone: grey-buff, dark grey brown, aphanitic; at 4500-4520 feet (1371.6-1377.7 m) much shale: grey, calcareous, pyritic DEVONIAN Thickness: >1530.1 m (> 5020 ft.) Arnica Formation Horn River Group Top at 605.9 m (1988 ft.) below sea level Thickness: >698.0 m (>2290 ft.) Thickness: 347.5 m (1140 ft.) 4660~4900 Dolomite: dark grey, dark grey-brown, Canol Formation (1420.4-1493.5) microcrystalline, in part calcareous, in part wi th pelletal structure; some Top at 226.8 m (744 ft.) above sea level anhydrite Thickness: 54.3 m (178 ft.) -4900-6900 Dolomite: grey-buff, grey, white, dark 1928-2106 Shale: very dark grey to black, in part H493.5-2103.1} grey, micro- and very fine-crystalline; (587.7-641.9) silty, pyritic some anhydrite Total depth: 2118.4 m Hare Indian Formation Top at 172.5 m (566 ft.) above sea level Thickness: 293.2 m (962 ft.) Black shale member (Thickness: 229.8 m/754 ft.) 30. G-52 2106-2730 Shale: black, silty, bituminous, siliceous, (641.9-832.1) pyritic (micromicaceous and nodular) Log of Shell Blackwater Lake G-52 Location: 64°01'20"N,122°55'12"W 2730-2860 Shale: very dark grey and black, in part Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 370.0 m (1214 ft.) (832.1-871. 7) siliceous, in part pyritic Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; depth adjusted to sonic log. Sample quality in part Bluefish Member very poor. (Thickness: 63.4 m/208 ft.) 2860-3008 Shale: very dark brown-grey to black, in (871.1-916.8) part siliceous, in part calcareous; MESOZOIC some calcite veins and streaks; some pyrite Thickness: 23.5 m (77 ft.) Basal beds (Lower Cretaceous ?) 3008-3068 Shale: as above, and (916.8-935.0 Limestone: black and white, argillaceous, 669-686 Shale: pale buff and pale grey, waxy; bituminous; some calcite crystals (203.9-209.1) some pyrite Hume Formation DEVONIAN Top at 120.7 m (396 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 285.3 m (936 ft.) Thickness: 628.5 m (2062 ft.) Upper member Hume Focmation (Thickness: 88.4 m/936 ft.) Top at 160.9 m (528 ft.) above sea level 3068-3358 Limestone: grey, pale grey, dark grey, Thickness: 37.8 m (124 ft.) (935.1-1023.5) mostly micrograined, in part argil laceous and silty, in part bioclastic; Middle member some shell fragments (Thickness: 26.8 m/88 ft.) Middle member 686-730 Limestone: grey-brown to buff and pale (Thickness: 118.3 m/388 ft.) (209.1-222.5) buff, some dark grey-brown, micro- to very fine-grained, bioclastic 3358-3640 Limestone: as above, argillaceous and (1023.5-1109.5) sil t y; grading to 730-774 Very poor samples - limestone: brown, Shale: grey, silty, calcareous (222.5-235.9) micrograined (R) 3640-3746 Limestone: grey to dark grey, micro- to Headless Member (1109.5-1141.8) very fine-grained, in part argillaceous (Thickness: 11.0 m/36 ft.) Headless Member 774--810 Limestone (R) (Thickness: 78.6 m/258 ft.) (235. 9~246.9) 3746-4004 Shale: dark grey to black, calcareous; (1141.8-1220.4) interbedded Arnica Formation Limestone: grey to grey-buff, micro grained, in part argillaceous Top at 123.1 m (404 ft.) above sea level Thickness: 67.1 m (220 ft.) Landry Formation -810-1030 Dolomite: buff to grey-brown and dark (transitional to Funeral Formation) (-246.9-313.9) grey-brown, microcrystalline Top at 406.0 m (1332 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 199.9 m (656 ft.) 76 Borehole Depth Borehole Depth feet (m) Lithology feet (m) Lithology Fort Norman Formation Lower dark member (Thickness: 142.6 m!468 ft.) Top at 56.l m (184 ft.) above sea level Thickness: 239.3 m (785 ft.) 4328-4796 Dolomite: grey-brown to very dark brown (1319.2-1461.8) grey, micro- to very fine-crystalline; lO30-1400 Very poor samples - anhydrite and some chert: buff-grey, grey-brown, ()13.9-426.7) dolomite (R) very dark brown 1400-1815 Anhydrite: pale buff to whi te; some Basal member (426.7-553.2) dolomite: buff, brown, micro- and (Thickness: 11.0 m/36 ft.) very fine-crystalline 4796-4824 Siltstone: dark grey, argillaceous, very (l461.8-1470.4) dolomitic; crinoid ossicles, shell Tsetso Formation fragments Top at 183.2 m (601 ft.) below sea level 4824-4832 Shale: very dark grey, dolomitic Thickness: 284.4 m (933 ft.) ( 1470.4-1472.8) l815-2748 Anhydrite and dolomite: mainlyaphanitic (553.2-837.6) to microcrystalline, with interbedded Franklin Mountain Formation shale: very dark grey; 2470-2533 feet (752.9-772.1 m) - shale: grey-green Top at 1102.8 m ()618 ft.) below sea level and dull red, dolomi tic, grading to Thickness: 277.1 m (909 ft.) argillaceous dolomite Cherty member (Thickness: 67.7 m!222 ft.) CAMBRIAN-SU.URIAN 4832-5054 Dolomite: white to pale buff, (1472.8-1540.5) microcrystalline, very fine, fine and Ronning Group medium crystal-line; in the lower part some pink colouring and some shale: Mount Kindle Formation green, waxy, in part micropyritic Top at 467.6 m (1534 ft.) below sea level Rhythmic member Thickness: 150.3 m (493 ft.) (Thickness: 166.4 m! 546 ft.) 5054-5320 Dolomite: grey-buff to grey-brown and (1540.5-1621.5) dark brown, micro- and very fine crystalline, in part argillaceous 2748-3046 Dolomite: pale buff, mainly micro- to (837.6-928.4) very fine-crystalline, in part micro 5320-5464 Dolomite: creamy white to buff and some sucrosic; rare chert: pale buff or pale (1621.5-1665.4) dark brown, micro- and very fine grey crystalline Lower dark member 5464-5600 Dolomite: grey-buff to grey-brown and (Thickness: 59.4 m!195 ft.) (1665.4-1706.9) very dark brown-grey, aphanitic and microcrystalline, in part argillaceous 3046-3241 Dolomite: brown and dark brown, micro (928.4-987.9) crystalline to aphanitic Cyclic member (Thickness: 43.0 m/141 ft.) FAULT 5600-574 I Dolomite: grey-brown to very dark brown DEVONIAN (1706.9-1749.9) grey, mostly argillaceous, in part grading to very dolomitic shale Tsetso Formation Top at 617.8 m (2027 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 241.4 m (792 ft.) CAMBRIAN 3241-4033 Dolomite and anhydrite: with some inter Saline River Formation (987.9-1229.3) bedded shale: very dark brown-grey; 3748-3796 feet (1142.4-1157.0 m) Top at 1379.8 m (4527 ft.) below sea level shale: dull red, dark green and grey Thickness: 82.9 m (272 ft.) green, dolomitic, grading to argil laceous dolomi te 5741-5884 Shale: purple, grey-green, maroon, pink, CAMBRIAN-SU.URIAN (l749.9-1793.4) dolomitic, in part silty; some dolomite: pale buff, in part pink, in Ronning Group part anhydritic Thickness: 520.6 m (1708 ft.) Salt member (Thickness: 20.1 m!66 ft.) Mount Kindle Formation 5884-5950 Shale: brick-red, green, dark grey, Top at 859.2 m (2819 ft.) below sea level (1793.4-1813.6) dolomitic; some anhydrite: pale buff Thickness: 243.5 m (799 ft.) to pale grey Upper pale member Lower clastic member (Thickness: 89.9 mf295 ft.) (Thickness: 19.2 m!63 ft.) 4033-4328 Dolomite: pale buff and buff, micro-, 5950-6013 Shale: purple to maroon and brick-red, (1229.3-1319.2) very fine, and fine-crystalline, with (1813.6-1832.8) some grey-green and grey, dolomitic; some sucrosic texture; trace chert: some dolomite: pale buff and pink; pale buff; in the lower part trace some siltstone and trace sandstone: black shale partings clear, fine grained, quartzose 77 Borehole Depth Borehole Depth feet (m) Lithology feet (m) Lithology Mount Clark Formation 1001-1316 Shale: dark grey, very micromicaceous, (305.1-401.1) and black, bituminous, micro- Top at 1462.7 m (4799 ft.) below sea level micaceous; trace pyrite Thickness: 41.5 m (136 ft.) 1316-1373 Shale: very dark grey and black, bi tu 6013-6149 Sandstone: clear, fine grained, possibly (401.1-418.5) minous, micromicaceous (1832.8-1874.2) subrounded, quartzitic DEVONIAN PROTEROZOIC Thickness: 865.0 m (2838 ft.) Unit I (Cap Mountain) Horn River Group Top at 1504.2 m (4935 ft.) below sea level Thickness: >107.0 m (>351 ft.) Thickness: 85.0 m (279 ft.) 6149-6317 Dolomite: pink to purple, micro- and Canol Formation (1874.2-1925.4) very fine-crystalline; some dolomite: pale buff and pink-buff, aphanitic Top at 29.3 m (96 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 66.4 m (218 ft.) 6317--6370 Shale: green, grey-green, purple, dark (l925.4~1941.6) grey, dolomitic, in part silty; some 1373-1591 Shale: black, bituminous, slightly sili sandstone: buff, grey, poorly sorted, (418.5-485.0) ceous, micromicaceous; some pyrite quartzose, argillaceous -6370-6422 Shale: brick-red to purple, grey-green, Ramparts Formation (-1941.6-1957.4) pale green, olive-green, In part mottled, in part si! ty and sandy Top at 95.7 m (314 ft.) below sea level Siltstone: varicoloured, argillaceous, in Thickness: 18.6 m (61 ft.) part sandy, grading to Sandstone: varicoloured, very fine, fine, SiI tstone lentil and Platform member to medium and coarse grained, quart Onterfingering with Hare Indian zose, mostly silty and argiJlaceous Formation shale facies) 6422-6490 Dolomite: pink to purple, some buff, 1591-1652 Shale: very dark grey, slightly calcareous (1957.4-1978.2) microcrystalline, some aphanitic, in (485.0-503.5) Siltstone: brown-grey, argillaceous, very part si! ty and argillaceous; grading to calcareous, in part pyritic Shale: brick-red, purple, pale green, silty, Limestone: white, grey, buff, micre> dolomitic grained, chalky, fragmental, bie> clastic, in part very argillaceous and Total depth: 1981.2 m siIty, pyritic Hume Formation Top at 114.3 m (375 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 117.0 m (384 ft.) 31. G-60 Middle member (Thickness: 78.9 mf259 ft.) Log of H.B. Fish Lake G-60 Location: 63°09'30 0 N, 122° 55'00"W 1652-1911 Limestone: white to buff and brown, Elevation of KeJly Bushing: 389.2 m (1277 ft.) (503.5-582.5) mostly micrograined, in part chalky, WeIJ log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; bioclastic, fossiliferous (including depth adjusted to sonic log. crinoid ossicles) Headless Member (Thickness: 38.1 mfl25 ft.) MESOZOIC 1911-2036 Limestone: buff to whi te, some pale grey, Thickness: 219.5 m (720 ft.) (582.5-620.6) mostly aphanitic; some interbedded Basal beds (Lower Cretaceous ?) shale: green-grey, splintery, noncal careous 610-700 Shale: dark brown-grey to black, micre> (185.9-213.4) micaceous Siltstone: grey, in part coarse grained and Landry Formation sandy, glauconitic, slightly calcareous Top at 231.3 m (759 ft.) below sea level 700-720 Samples missing - sonic log suggests Thickness: 31.7 m (104 ft.) (213.4-219.5) possible basal sand 2036-2140 Limestone: buff, aphanitic and pelletal (620.6-652.3) UPPER DEVONIAN Arnica Formation Imperial Formation Top at 263.0 m (863 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 42.4 m (139 ft.) Top at 169.8 m (557 ft.) above sea level Thickness: 199.0 m (653 ft.) 2140-2279 Dolomite: buff, grey-buff, some dark (652.3-694.6) grey-brown, mostly microcrystalline, 729-1001 Shale: grey, flaky to splintery, micre> some very fine crystalline, in part (222.2-305.1) micaceous microsucrosic 78 Borehole Depth feet (m) Lithology 32. G-70 Fort Norman Formation Log of Shell Wrigley G-70 Location: 63°09'17"N,124°11'50"W Top at 305.4 m 0002 ft.) below sea level Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 549.9 m (1804 ft.) Thickness: 439.2 m (1441 ft.) Well log prepared by the writer based on driJJ cuttings; depth adjusted to sonic log. 2279-3720 Anhydrite: pale buff to white and buff (694.6-1133.9) grey; traces dolomite Borehole Depth feet (m) Lithology Tsetso Formation Top at 744.6 m (2443 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 149.7 m (491 ft.) UPPER DEVONIAN 3720-4211 Dolomite: grey-buff to brown, aphanitic (ll 33.9-1283.5) to microcrystalline, in part anhydritic; Imperial Formation some anhydrite Top at 549.9 m (1804 ft.) above sea level Thickness: 684.3 m (2245 ft.) CAMBRIAN-SlLURIAN Q..--2000 Shale: grey to dark grey and dark brown (0-'1)09.6) grey, micromicaceous, mostly silty, in Ronning Group parts very silty and very micaceous Thickness: >389.8 m (>1279 ft.) -2000-2245 Shale: as above, grading downward to dark (-609.6-684.3) grey to black at base Mount Kindle Formation Top at 894.3 m (2934 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 239.9 m (787 ft.) DEVONIAN Upper pale member Thickness: 2688.3 m (8820 ft.) (Thickness: 85.6 m/281 ft.) Horn River Formation 4211-4292 Dolomite: buff to pale buff, medium (1283.5-1308.2) crystalline, in part with good inter Thickness: 197.5 m (648 ft.) crystalline porosity Canol Formation 4292-4350 Dolomite: grey-buff to white, aphanitic, (1308.2-1325.9) in part microcrystalline; trace shale: Top at 134.4 m (441 ft.) below sea level dark grey Thickness: 38.7 m (127 ft.) 4350-4492 Dolomite: buff to pale buff, fine 2245-2372 Shale: black, bituminous, micromicaceous, 0325.9-1369.2) crystalline grading downward to very (684.3-723.0) siliceous; some pyrite; basal part very fine crystalline siliceous, grading to chert: black with white microspecks Lower dark member (Thickness: 128.3 m/421 ft.) Hare Indian Formation 4492-4913 Dolomite: grey-brown to dark brown-grey, (1369.2-1497.5) mostly microcrystalline; below Top at 173.1 m (568 ft.) below sea level 4780 feet (1456.9 m) mostly micro- to Thickness: 158.8 m (521 ft.) very fine-crystalline Black shale member Basal member (Thickness: 75.6 m/248 ft.) (Thickness: 25.9 m/85 ft.) 2372-2620 ShaJe: black, bi tuminous, micromicaceous, 4913-4998 Dolomite: dark brown-grey to black, (723.0-798.6) siliceous; some pyrite (1497.5-1523.4) microcrystalline, in part argillaceous and siJty, in part pyritic; some chert: Grey shale member black, in part pyritic; some shale: (Thickness: 48.5 m/l59 ft.) black, silly 2620-2779 Shale: grey to very dark grey, flaky, (798.6-847.0) micromicaceous Franklin Mountaln Formation Bluefish Member Top at 1134.2 m (3721 ft.) below sea level (Thickness: 34.7 m/l14 ft.) Thickness: >150.0 m (>492 ft.) 2779-2850 Shale: black, bi tuminous, siliceous, Cherty member (847.0-868.7) slightly calcareous; some pyrite (Thickness: 46.9 m/154 ft.) -2850-2893 Shale: black, bituminous, calcareous, in 4998-5152 Dolomite: creamy white to pale buff with (-868.7-881.8) part very calcareous with bioclastic (1523.3-1570.3) some pink; micro- and very fine mosaics; near base grading to crystalline; pyritic near top; at 5050 limestone: black and white, bioclastic, 5060 feet (1539.2-1542.3 m) some argillaceous and bi tuminous chert, white; some sandy zones (very fine to medium grains of quartz) Hume Formation Rhythmic member (Thickness: >103.0 m/>338 ft.) Top at 331.9 m (1089 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 238.7 m (783 ft.) 5152-5490 Dolomite: grey-buff to dark grey-brown, (1570.3-1673.3) very fine crystalline, grading down Upper member ward to pale buff to grey-brown, (Thickness: 72.5 m/783 ft.) micro- and very fine-crystalline; some sil ty and sandy zones Total depth: 1674.9 m 79 Borehole Depth Borehole Depth feet (m) Lithology feet (m) Lithology 2893-3131 Limestone: grey to grey-buff, grey-brown 6700~7750 Dolomite: buff to buff-grey, micro (881.8-954.3) and white, rnicrograined, biodastic, (2042.2~2362.2) crystalline or aphanitic; some anhyd fossil if erous rite Middle member -7750-8180 Dolomite: buff, aphanitic, anhydritic, to (Thickness: 103.9 m/341 ft.) (-2362.2-2493.3) dark grey-brown, aphanitic and micro crystalline; rare anhydrite 3131-3472 Limestone: as above, possibly in part (954.3-1058.3) argillaceous or with some interbedded 8180-8635 Anhydrite and dolomite: buff to grey shale (2493.3-2631.9) brown, aphanitic and microcrystalline Headless Member 8635-8690 Dolomite: as above; some sandstone: very (Thickness: 62.2 m!204 ft.) (2631.9-2648.7) fine to fine grained, silty, dolomitic, quartzose; some anhydrite 3472-3676 Limestone: grey, pale grey, grey-buff, {1058.3-1120.4} micrograined, argillaceous and silty; 8690-9850 Dolomite: grey-buff to pale buff, some much shale: grey to very dark grey and (2648.7-3002.3) grey-brown to dark brown-grey, black; limestone: in part biodastic, in microcrystalline and aphanitic, in part part pelletal anhydritic; some anhydrite 9850-9896 Dolomite: grey-buff, aphanitic, in part Landry Formation (3002.3-3016.3) anhydritic, in part argillaceous; dolomite: pale buff, aphanitic, Top at 570.6 m {1872 ft.} below sea level anhydritic Thickness: 117.0 m (384 ft.) 9896-9948 Dolomite: buff to grey-brown, mostly 3676-3920 Limestone: buff, grey-buff to dark grey (3016.3-3032.2) microcrystalline, in part microsucrosic (1120.4-1194.8) brown, aphanitic, some pelletal, some micrograined, mostly argillaceous 9948-10076 Dolomite: buff-grey to dark brown-grey, (3032.2-3071.2) microcrystalline, in part silty and 3920-3980 Limestone: as above, in part dolomitiq argillaceous; some interbedded shale: {1194.8-1213.ll some shale: very pale green-grey, black; 9980-10000 feet (3041.9 waxy 3048.0 m), some sandstone: white to grey, fine to medium grained, 3980-4060 Limestone: as above, aphanitic and quartzose, in part quartzi tic {1213.1-1237.5} pelletal; some interbedded dolomite: pale buff, pale grey, microcrystalline 10076-10820 Dolomite: buff to buff-grey, aphanitic, (3071.2-3298.0) some microcrystalline, in part anhydritic, grading to dolomitic Arnica Formation anhydrite; some dolomite: dark brown grey, argillaceous; grading to shale: Top at 687.6 m (2256 ft.) below sea level black, dolomitic Thickness: 499.9 m {1640 ft.} 10820-11 065 Dolomite: buff-grey to dark brown-grey, 4060~4100 Dolomite: buff to brown and dark brown, (3298.0-3372.6) aphanitic and microcrystalline, in part {1237.5~1249.7} microcrystalline, microsucrosic; some argillaceous, in part anhydritic interbedded shale: black, dolomitic -4100-4320 Dolomite: grey, line to medium and H249.7-1316.7} coarse crystalline CAMBRIAN-SILURIAN 4320~5700 Dolomite: grey-buff to brown-grey, Ronning Group (1316.7~1737.4) microcrystalline, microsucrosic; some zones are very line to line crystalline Mount Kindle Formation sucrosic; intercrystalline porositYi grades downward to dolomite: grey Top at 2822.8 m (9261 ft.) below sea level buff to pale buff and grey-brown, Thickness: >361.2 m (> 1185 ft.) mostly microcrystalline and micro sucrosic, some very fine crystalline; 11 065-12 250 Dolomite: grey-buff to grey-brown, some whi te dolomite veins (3372.6-3733.8) microcrystalline, very fine and fine crystalline; in upper 400 feet (121.9 m) Arnica Platform t races of chert Top at 1187.5 m (3896 ft.) below sea level Total depth: 3733.8 m Thickness: 176.5 m (579 ft.) -5700-6279 Dolomite: mostly very dark brown-grey, (-1737.4-1913.8) microcrystalline, oily odour; grades downward to grey-buff to very dark brown-grey 33. G-78 Fort Norman Formation Log of Imperial Loon Creek No. 2 Top at 1364.0 m (4475 ft.) below sea level Location: 65°07'20"N,126°28'51"W Thickness: 128.3 m (421 ft.) Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 110.6 m (363 ft.) Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; 6279-6700 Anhydrlte: mostly pale buff with some depth adjusted to electric log. {1913.8-2042.2} dolomite: anhydritic Delorme Group UPPER DEVONIAN Top at 1492.3 m (4896 ft.) below sea level Imperial Formation Thickness: 1330.5 m (4365 ft.) Top at 68.0 m (223 ft.) above sea level Thickness: 323.1 m (J 060 ft.) 80 Borehole Depth Borehole Depth feet (m) Lithology feet (m) Lithology 140(S)-170 SlItstone: pale grey, coarse grained, mica 1990-2052 Shale: grey, slightly calcareous; some (42.7-51.8) ceous (606.6-625.4) limestone: grey, white, buff, fine SlItstone: grey, micaceous grained and medium grained, Shale: dark grey. silty, micromicaceous bioclastic 170-360 Cavings 2052-2100 Limestone: grey-buff, grey, white, micro (51.8-109.7) (625.4-640.1 ) grained and very fine grained, bioclastic 360-450(S) Ver y poor samples - some sandstone: pale (109.7-137.2) green-grey, very fine grained, silty, 2100-2168 Limestone: grey-buff, grey, brown, white, slightly calcareous, micaceous (640.1-660.8) micrograined, very fine and fine grained, bioclastic 450(S)-1090 Shale: dark grey, micromicaceous Shale: grey, calcareous (137.2-332.2) Canyon Creek sandstone lentil Landry Formation (Thickness: 33.5 m!t1O ft.) Top at 550.2 m ([805 ft.) below sea level 1090-1200 Sandstone: buff, very fine grained, silty, Thickness: 19.5 m (64 ft.) (332.2-365.8) dolomitic, siliceous, quartz-rich 2168-2232 Limestone: brown, some buff, aphanitic, (660.8-680.3) some pelletal DEVONIAN Arnica Formation Thickness: 652.2 m (2140 ft.) Top at 569.7 m (1869 ft.) below sea level Horn River Group Thickness: 28.7 m (94 ft.) Thickness: 180.7 m (593ft.) 2232-2326 Dolomite: brown, buff, micro- and very (680.3-709.0) fine-crystalline, some fine crystalline, Canol Formation in part sucrosic Top at 255.1 m (837 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 46.6 m (153 ft.) Fort Norman Formation 1200-1236 Shale: brown-black, bituminous; some Top at 598.3 m (1963 ft.) below sea level (365.8-376.7) slltstone: brown-black, hard, bitu Thickness: 309.1 m (1014 ft.) minous; trace limestone: pale buff, aphanitic; trace pyrite 2326-2370 Anhydrite: and some dolomite: as above (709.0-722-4) 1236-1353 Shale: dark brown-grey to brown-black, (376.7-412.4) bituminous 2370-3340 Anhydrite: buff, pale buff, brown, pale (722.4-1018.0) grey, white, in part wi th some anhydritic dolomite Hare Indian Formation Top at 301.8 m (990 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 134.1 m (440 ft.) CAMBRlAN-SILURIAN Black shale member Ronning Group (Thickness: 88.7 mf291 ft.) Franklin Mountain Formation 1353-1504 Shale: brown-black, silty, hard, bitu (412.4-458.4) minousj some pyrite Top at 907.4 m (2977 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 386.5 m (1268 ft.) 1504-1644 Shale: brown-black, hard, bituminous, (458.4-501.1) slightly calcareous, becoming more (?)Cherty member calcareous downward; some pyrite (Thickness: 386.5 m/760 ft.) Grey shale member 3340-4100 Dolomite: pale buff, pale buff-grey, (Thickness: 31.1 m!t02 ft.) (1018.0-1249.7) creamy white with traces pink and green, microcrystalline, very fine, 1644-1746 Shale: grey, buff-grey, in part micaceous; fine, medium and coarse crystalline; (501.1-532.1) around 1720 feet (524.3 m) some some shale: pale green, waxy, in part slltstone: brown-black, calcareous, inter-crystalline filling; dolomite: bituminous generally more finely crystalline downward with some darker coloured Bluefish Member bands; some relict ooli tic structures (Thickness: 14.3 mf47 ft.) (Note: no chert or quartz seen) 1746-1773 Shale: brown-black, silty, slightly cal Rhythmic member (532.1-540.4) careous, bituminous (Thickness: 111.3 m1365 ft.) 1773-1793 Shale: brown-black, very calcareous, bi tu 4100-4465 Dolomite: buff-grey to grey-brown, some (540.4-546.5) minous; white bioclasts ([249.7-1360.9) pale buff, fine and very fine crystalline, grading downward to grey brown to buff-grey, microcrystalline Hume Formation Cyclic member Top at 435.9 m (1430 ft.) below sea level (Thickness: 43.6 m!I43 ft.) Thickness: 114.3 m (375 ft.) 4465-4608 Dolomite: grey-buff to grey, argillaceous; 1793-1990 Limestone: buff, brown, white, very fine (1360.9-I404.5) some shale: grey, trace green, (546.5-606.6) and fine grained, bioclastic dolomitic Borehole Depth Borehole Depth feet (m) Lithology feet (m) Lithology CAMBRIAN Bluefish Member (Thickness: 16.1 m!53 ft.) Saline River Formation 975-1028 Shale: black, bituminous; some pyrite; Top at 1293.9 m (4245 ft.) below sea level (297.2-313.3) 1024 feet (312.1 m) - spore study by Thickness: >143.9 m (>472 ft.) A.R. Sweet (see Appendix I) Hume Formation 4608-4700 Shale: maroon, grey-green, oH Ye-green, Top at 182.3 m (598 ft.) below sea level (1404.5-1432.6) dolomitic, in part anhydritic; some Thickness: 104.2 m (342 ft.) anhydrite: pink to buff, dolomitic 1028-1068 Limestone: brown-grey, micrograined, Salt member (313.3-325.5) argillaceous; trace pyri te; trace shale: (Thickness: >115.8 m!> 380 ft.) grey, calcareous 4700-4775 Anhydrite: pink to buff, in part dolomitic 1068-1160 Limestone: buff, grey-buff, micrograined (1432.6-1455.4) Shale: maroon, olive-green, pale green (325.5-353.6) Halite (casts): compaction structures -1160·-1220 Limestone: grey-brown, fine grained, 4775-5080 Halite: possibly with anhydrite and shale, (-)53.6-371.9) some chalky, bioclastic (1455.4-1548.4) red and green -1220-1370 Limestone: grey, silty, in part argil Total depth: 1552.3 m <-)71.9-417.6) laceous; limestone: buff, micro grained; shale: grey, silty, calcareous; shell fragments Landry Formation 34. H-15 Top at 286.5 m (940 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 10.4 m (34 ft.) Log of Imperial Hossier Ridge No. I 1370-1404 Limestone: buff, aphanitic, micrograined; Location: 65°24' 16"N, 127° 32' 14"W (417.6-427.9) some limestone: brown, very fine Elevation of Kelly Bushing: U1.1 m (430 ft.) grained; trace limestone: pelletal; Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; some pyrite; 1390-1404 feet (423.7 depth adjusted to electric log; sample quality poor. 427.9 m) - some shale: pale green and grey green DEVONIAN Arnica Formation Thickness: 764.1 m (2507 ft.) Top at 296.9 m (974 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 32.6 m (107 ft.) Horn Group River 1404-1430 Dolomite: brown, microcrystalline, cal Thickness: 313.3 m (1028 ft.) (427.9-435.9) careous Canol Formation -1430-1511 Dolomite: brown, buff, very fine crystal (-435.9-460.6) line Top at 131.1 m (430 ft.) above sea level Thickness (R): 3.0 m (10 ft.) Fort Norman Formation Ramparts Formation Top at 329.5 m (1081 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 303.5 m (996 ft.) Top at 128.0 m (420 ft.) above sea level Thickness: 170.7 m (560 ft.) 1511-2455 Anhydrite: in the upper part, dolomite: (460.6-748.3) brown and white, anhydritic, Reef member decreasing downward (Thickness: 106.7 m!J50 ft.) Basal beds IO(R)-J60 Limestone: pale buff, reef (Thickness: 15.8 m/52 ft.) (3.0-109.7) 2455-2507 Very poor samples - some cuttings of very Platform member (748.3-764.1) silty dolomite: some green shale (Thickness: 41.1 m/l35 ft.) reported by Tassonyi (1969, Fig. 9) 360-495 (?) (109.7-150.9) CAMBRIAN-SILURIAN Siltstone lentil (Thickness: 22.9 m!75 ft.) Ronning Group 495-570 Siltstone: grey, coarse grained, cal Franklin Mountain Formation (150.9-173.7) careous, micaceous Top at 633.1 m (2077 ft.) below sea level Thickness: >45.4 m (> 149 ft.) Hare Indian Formation Upper dolomite member Top at 42.7 m (140 ft.) below sea level (Thickness: 37.5 m/l23 ft.) Thickness: 139.6 m (458 ft.) 2507-2630 Dolomite: creamy white to buff-grey, Grey shale member (764.1-801.6) fine, medium and coarse crystalline; (Thickness: 123.4 m!405 ft.) 2610-2620 feet (795.5-798.6 m) some pink dolomite -570-975 Shale: grey, silty, slightly calcareous, {-I 73.7-297.2) micaceous 82 Borehole Depth Borehole Depth feet (m) Lithology feet (m) Lithology Cherty member -3300-3379 Anhydrite: some dolomite (Thickness: >7.9 m/>26 ft.) (-1005.8-1029.9) 2630-2656 Dolomite: creamy whi te to pale buff and (801.6-809.6) pale grey, fine, medium and coarse Tsetso Formation crystalline; some chert: white Top at 799.2 m (2622 ft.) below sea level Total depth: 809.6 m Thickness: 177.1 m (581 ft.) 3379-3466 Dolomite: pale grey, pale buff, pale grey (l029.9-1056.4) green, microcrystalline, in part very sandy; grading to Sandstone: pale grey, some pale green, very poorly sorted, dolomitic 35. H-34 Some anhydrite: pale buff, trace pink; grading to dolomite: anhydritic; some Log of Arco W. Whitefish River H-34 shale: pale green, slightly dolomitic Location: 65°33'24"N, 127°35'45"W Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 230.7 m (757 ft.) 3466-3498 Dolomite: brick-red, some pale buff, Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; ( 1056.4-1066.2) microcrystalline and aphanitic depth adjusted to sonic log. Sandstone: brick-red to pale buff and pale grey, very poorly sorted, quartzose, dolomi tic and quartzi tic Shale: brick-red to purple-brown, dolo MESOZOIC mitic Some anhydrite: pink and pale buff Thickness: 663.2 m (2176 ft.) Basal beds (Lower Cretaceous?) 3498-3690 Dolomite: pale buff to white, micro- and (1066.2-1124.7) very fine-crystalline; some anhydrite: 2442-2506 Sandstone: fine grained, poorly sorted, colour gradation downward to very (744.3-763.8) quartzose, slightly glauconitic; some pale buff to white and pink; 3570 medium to coarse grained, poorly 3620 feet (1088.1-1103.4 m) some sorted, quartzose; probably some interbedded sandstone and shale: interbedded shale: black, splintery, brick-red trace pyri te 3690-3720 Dolomite: pale purple, pink, white, pale (l124.7-1133.9) buff, aphanitic and microcrystalline; some shale: brick-red, pale purple, DEVONIAN pale green, doJomi tic Thickness: 443.2 m (1454 ft.) 3720-3960 Dolomite: brick-red, maroon, pale purple, (I 133.9-1207.0} pale green, pale buff, aphanitic and Landry Formation microcrystalline Shale: brick-red, purple-brown, pale Top at 533.1 m (1749 ft.) below sea level green, dolomitic; shale increases Thickness: 18.9 m (62 ft.) downward Trace anhydrite 2506-2530 Samples missing (763.8-771.1) 2530-2568 Limestone: buff to brown, aphanitic, CAMBRIAN-SILURIAN (771.1-782.7) microcrystalline, some pelletal Ronning Group Arnica Formation Thickness: 318.5 m (1045 ft.) Top at 552.0 m (1811 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 47.9 m (157 ft.) Mount Kindle Formation 2568-2610 Dolomite: pale buff, microcrystalline, Top at 976.3 m (3203 ft.) below sea level (782.7-795.5) almost "earthyt'_ textured; numerous Thickness: 132 m (433 ft.) black specks and dark streaks; some pinpoint porosity 2610-2640 Limestone: buff and brown to dark brown, (795.5-804.7) micrograined, in part argillaceous 3960-11220 Dolomite: pale buff, very fine crystalline, (1207.0-1286.3) grading downward to mostly micro 2640-2690 Dolomite: pale buff to brown with dark crystalline (804.7-819.9) bituminous patches, microcrystallinej pinpoint and vuggy porosity Lower dark member (Thickness: 47.5 m/l56 ft.) 2690-2710 Dolomite: buff to pale buff, some thin (819.9-826.0) black streaks, microcrystalline; trace 4220-4330 Dolomite: buff and grey-brown, micro porosi ty (1286.3-1319.8) and very fine-crystalline; some chert: grey-buff 2710-2725 Dolomite: brown, microcrystalline and (826.0-830.6) dark grey-brown, argillaceous 4330-4376 Dolomite: as above, buff to brown (1319.8-1333.8) Fort Norman Formation Basal member (Thickness: 5.2 m/17 ft.) Top at 599.8 m (1968 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 199.3 m (654 ft.) 4376-4393 Dolomite: dark grey-brown, microcrystal (1333.8-1339.0) line, argillaceous; some dolomite: 2725~3200 Anhydrite: some dolomite downward grey, microcrystalline; some shale: (830.6~75.4) black, dolomitic, in part silty; some pyrite, abundant at base -3200-3300 Dolomite: buff and brown, micro- and (-97 5.4~ 1005.8) very fine crystalline; some inter crystalline and vuggy porosity; some anhydrite 83 Borehole Depth Borehole Depth feet (m) Lithology feet (m) Lithology Franklin Mountain Formation Member b (Thickness: 14.6 m/48 ft.) Top at 1108.3 m (3636 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 186.5 m (612 ft.) 5248-5296 Siltstone: brown-grey, micaceous, 0599.6-1614.2) siliceous; siltstone: white, coarse Cherty member grained, and sandstone: white, very (Thickness: 2 m/7 ft.) fine grained; some dolomite: pale buff to grey-buff, very fine crystalline 4893-4400 Dolomite: medium and coarse crystalline (1491.4-1341.1) Member a (Thickness: 3.7 m/12 ft.) Rhythmic member (Thickness: 165.2 m/542 ft.) 5296-5308 Dolomite: buff to buff-grey, siliceous (1614.2-1617.9) Sandstone: 50% glauconite, very poorly -4400-4566 Dolomite: pale buff to pale grey, trace sorted, quartzose, dolomitic (-1341.1-1391.7) pink, micro- and very fine-crystalline 4566~4780 Dolomite: creamy white to very pale grey Mount Clark Formation (l391.7~1456.9) and pale buff with scattered pale green patches, mostly micro- and very Top at 1387.1 m (4551 ft.) below sea level fine-crystalline; trace shale: pale Thickness: 31.4 m 003 ft.) green 5308-5405 Sand: fine to very coarse grained, sub -4780-4942 Dolomite: creamy white to buff, 0617.9-1647.4) rounded, quartzose, frosted (-1456.9-1506.3) microcrystalline to aphanitic; some Sandstone: white, fine to very fine shale: pale green and green; 4780 grained, quartzose; fragments of 4840 feet 0456.9-1475.2 m) some larger-than-sand-size quartz grains dolomite: pale grey, pink and very pale green 5405-5411 As above with some shale: olive-green, 0647.4-1649.3) trace maroon Cyclic member (Thickness: 19.2 m/63 ft.) 4942-5005 Dolomite: grey-buff to dark grey-brown, PROTEROZOIC (J 506.3-1525.5) microcrystalline, in part argillaceous; grades downward to grey-buff to grey, Dolomite unit argillaceous dolomite; with inter bedded Top at 1418.5 m (4654 ft.) below sea level Shale: grey, dolomitic Thickness: >5.2 m (> 17 ft.) 5411-5428 Dolomite: buff to pink and very pale grey (J 649.3-1654.5) with some thin blood-red streaks, CAMBRIAN microcrystalline Saline River Formation Total depth: 1654.5 m Top at 1294.8 m (4248 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 63.1 m (207 ft.) 5005-5123 Shale: green, brown, maroon, purple, 36. H-40 (1525.5-1561.5) olive-green, dolomitic, with inter bedded Log of Imperial Judile No. I Dolomite: pale buff to brown, microcry Location: 65°29'24"N, 127°35'58"W stalline; trace anhydri te Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 93.6 m (307 ft.) Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; Salt member depth adjusted to sonic log. Sample quality poor. (Thickness: 10.1 m/33 ft.) 5123-5156 Halite (1561.5-1571.5) MESOZOIC Lower clastic member Thickness: 77.4 m (254 ft.) (Thickness: 17.1 m/56 ft.) Basal beds (Lower Cretaceous ?) 5156-5212 Shale: varicoloured; with some dolomite: -314 (-95.7) Siltstone: pale grey, some coarse grained, (1571.5-1588.6) grey to buff, microcrystalline glauconitic; shale(?); at base, possibly sandstone: argillaceous, very glauconitic Mount Cap Formation Top at 1357.9 m (4455 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 29.3 m (96 ft.) UPPER DEVONIAN Members d and e Imperial Formation (Thickness: 4.9 m/!6 ft.) Top at 2.1 m (7 ft.) below sea level 5212-5228 Siltstone: dark grey, siliceous, dolomitic, Thickness: 285.6 m (937 ft.) 0588.6-1593.5) argillaceous; grading to Shale: dark grey, silty 314-770 Siltstone: grey, in part coarse grained, (95.7-234.7) variably calcareous and micro- Member c micaceous; interbedded (Thickness: 6.1 m/20 ft.) Shale: dark grey, si! ty, micromicaceous At -450-460 feet (-137.2-140.2 m) 5228-5248 Dolomite: buff-grey to dark grey, very limestone: buff, coarse grained, (1593.5-1599.6) fine to fine crystalline, mostly hard biodastic 84- Borehole Depth Borehole Depth feet(m) Lithology feet (m) Lithology -770-1251 Shale: dark grey, micromicaceous, in part 2255-2303 Limestone: grey-buff to brown, (-234.7-381.3) silty (687.3-702.0) argillaceous, some chalky; interbedded Shale: grey, calcareous 2303-2495 Limestone: buff to grey-brown, fine DEVONIAN (702.0-760.5) grained, biodastic, fossiliferous; -2400-2495 feet (-731.5-760.5 m) inter Thickness: >476.7 m (> 1564 ft.) bedded shale: grey, calcareous Horn River Group Headless Member (Thickness: 18.3 m/60 ft.) Thickness: 306.0 m (1004 ft.) 2495-2555 Limestone: grey-buff, fine grained, bio Canol Formation (760.5-778.8) clastic Shale: grey, calcareous Top at 287.7 m (944 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 16.2 m (53 ft.) Landry Formation 1251-1272 Dolomite: brown, fine crystalline, sili 081.3-387.7l ceous Top at 685.2 m (2248 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 9.1 m 00 ft.) 1272-1293 Probably shale: black, pyritic 087.7-394.0 2555-2585 Limestone: brown, pelletal; some lime (778.8-787.9) stone: buff and brown, aphanitic Allochthonous limestone (Thickness: 3.4 m/I 1 ft.) Arnica Formation 1293-1304 Probably shale: black, calcareous, and 094.1-397.5) limestone debris Top at 694.3 m (2278 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 26.8 m (88 ft.) Ramparts Formation 2585-2673 Dolomite: buff and brown, very fine (787.9-814.7) crystalline, microsucrosic; stylolites; Top at 303.9 m (997 ft.) below sea level oil-staining at sample labelled Thickness: 170.1 m (558 ft.) 2648 feet (807.1 m) and at base Reef member (Thickness: 129.8 m/426 ft.) Fort Norman Formation 1304~1620 Limestone: pale buff, reef Top at 721.2 m (2366 ft.) below sea level 097 .5~493.8) Thickness: >43.3 m (> 142 ft.), est. 260 m -1620-1730 Limestone: pale buff and whi te, reef 2673-2815 Anhydrite: pale buff, some brown; at (-493.8-527.3) (814.7-858.0) 2780-2790 feet (847.3-850.4 m) pos sibly some dolomite Platform Member (Thickness: 14.6 m/48 ft.) Total depth: 858.0 m 1730-1778 Limestone: pale buff and grey-buff, fine (527.3-541.9) grained and medium grained, bioclastic, some aphanitic; limestone: possibly in part silty (unable to determine whether interbedded shale is present) 37. H-61 Sil tstone lentil (Thickness: 25.6 m/84 ft.) Log of SOBC St. Charles Creek H-61 Location: 64°50'24"N,123°56'28"W 1778-1862 Siltstone: pale grey, much coarse grained, Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 262.7 m (862 ft.) (541.9-567.5) calcareous, micaceous Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; depth adjusted to sonic log. Hare Indian Formation Top at 474.0 m (1555 ft.) below sea level MESOZOIC Thickness: 119.8 m 093 ft.) Thickness: 459.3 m (1507 ft.) Grey shale member Basal beds (Lower Cretaceous ?) (Thickness: 100.0 m/328 ft.) 1428-1657 Sandstone: pale grey to buff, very fine 1862-2190 Shale: pale grey, micaceous, calcareous, (435.3-505.1) grained, in part glauconitic, in part (567.5-667.5) colour probably grades downward to sil ty, grading to brown-grey Siltstone: buff-grey; siltstone: grey, argillaceous; grading to Bluefish Member Shale: dark grey, silty, micromicaceous; (Thickness: 19.8 m/65 ft.) shale: black, splintery; near base some Sandstone: pale grey, fine to very fine 2190-2255 Shale: black, bituminous; !2P 15 feet grained, with glauconite concentra (667.5-687.3) (4.6 m) calcareous tions; at base some pyrite Hume Formation DEVONIAN Top at 593.8 m (1948 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 91.4 m 000 ft.) Thickness: 597.1 m (1959 ft.) 85 Borehole Depth feet(m) Lithology 38. H-7I Landry Formation Log of Banff Oscar Creek H-71 Location: 65°30'20"N, 127° 13'26"W Top at 242.3 m (795 ft.) below sea level Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 234.7 m (770 ft.) Thickness: 60.7 m (199 ft.) Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; depth adjusted to sonic log. 1657-1856 Limestone: buff and brown, aphanitic, in (505.1-565.7) part pelletal; below 1810 feet (551.7 m) some limestone: pale buff, Borehole Depth chalky-textured, dolomitic feet (m) Lithology Arnica Formation Top at 303.0 m (994 ft.) below sea level DEVONIAN Thickness: 31.1 m (102 ft.) Thickness: >432.2 m (>1418 ft.) 1856-1880 Dolomite: buff to very pale buff, micro (565.7-573.0) crystalline Horn River Group 1880-1958 Dolomite: buff to brown, very fine and Thickness: 221.9 m (728 ft.) (573.0-596.8) microcrystalline, microsucrosic Hare Indian Formation Fort Norman Formation Top at 234.7 m (770 ft.) above sea level Thickness: 221.9 m (728 ft.) Top at 334.1 m (1096 ft.) below sea level Grey shale member Thickness: 349.0 m (1145 ft.) (Thickness: J99.3 m!654 ft.) 1958-3103 Anhydrite: pale buff and pale grey; below 0(R}-654 (596.8-945.8) Very poor samples (cavings, cement) 2500 feet (762.0 m) some dolomite (0-199.3) Tsetso Formation Bluefish Member (Thickness: 22.6 m!74 ft.) Top at 683.1 m (2241 ft.) below sea level 654-681 Possibly chert: Thickness: 156.4 m (513 ft.) black and smoky (199.3-207.6) translucent 3103-3342 Anhydrite: as above; some dolomite: some (945.8-1018.6) shale: pale green, dolomitic, anhy 681-728 Shale: black, bituminous; spores abundant; (207.6-221.9) dritic some calcite and calcareous shale; 640-730 feet (195.1-222.5 m) - spore 3342-3530 Dolomite: grey-buff to pale buff, some study by D.C. McGregor (see Appendix 1) (I 018.6-1 075.9) mottled brick-red, some pale green grey, aphanitic and microcrystalline Anhydrite: pale buff to whi te Hume Formation Shale: brick-red, dolomi tic, silty; some shale: pale green, dolomitic Top at 12.8 m (42 ft.) above sea level Thickness: 83.2 m (273 ft.) 3530-3600 Shale: pale green, pale brown, brick-red, (I075.9-1097.3) in part very dolomitic 728-800 Dolomite: pale purple to pale buff-grey, Limestone: grey-buff, pale buff, brown, (221.9-243.8) microcrystalline to aphanitic, argil micrograined to fine grained, laceous bioclastic; 760-800 feet (231.6- Siltstone: pale buff to whi te, dolomi tic 243.8 m) some shale: grey, calcareous, micromicaceous 3600-3616 Shale: brick-red, some dark brown-grey, 800-946 pal~ (1097.3-1102.2) in part siJty, in part dolomitic Limestone: buff and grey-buff, (243.8-288.3) Siltstone: pale grey, pale buff, some pale bioclastic, In part reefoid; 892 grey-green and brick-red, in part very 946 feet (271.8-288.3 m) - in part argillaceous sandy (very fine to medium grained, quartz), in part very dolomitic; grading to Headless Member Dolomite: pale buff to pale grey and pink, (Thickness: 17.4 m! 57 ft.) microcrystalline to aphanitic, in part siJty or sandy 946-1001 Limestone: buff, grey, white, fine grained (288.3-305.1 ) and medium grained, some aphanitic and argillaceous, bioclastic; some interbedded shale: grey, calcareous, CAMBRIAN-SILURIAN silty. micromicaceous Ronning Group Landry Formation Franklin Mountain Formation Top at 70.4 m (231 ft.) below sea level Top at 839.4 m (2754 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 11.3 m (37 ft.) Thickness: >7.3 m (>24 ft.) 1001-1038 Limestone: brown, pelletal; 1001- (305.1-316.4) Cherty member 1010 feet (305.1-307.8 m) some buff, aphanitic limestone 3616-3640 Dolomite: pale buff, trace pink colouring, (1l02.2-1109.5) aphanitic and microcrystalline; some Arnica Formation chert: milky white and pale buff Top at 81.7 m (268 ft.) below sea level Total depth: 1114.7 m Thickness: 40.2 m (132 ft.) 86 Borehole Depth Borehole Depth feet(m) Lithology feet (m) Lithology 1038-1170 Dolomite: brown and buff, micro- and Reef member (316.4-356.6) very fine-crystalline, microsucrosic (Thickness: 19.8 m/65 ft.) 1644-1709 Limestone: pale buff, coarse grained Fort Norman Formation (501.1-5Z0.9) Siltstone lentil Top at IZI.9 m (400 ft.) below sea level (Thickness: 20.1 m/66 ft.) Thickness: >75.6 m (>248 ft.) est. 220 m 1709-1740 Siltstone: grey-buff, grey, in part coarse 1170-1418 Anhydrite: pale buff, some pale grey (520.9-530.4) grained, calcareous and very cal (356.6-432.2) careous Total depth: 432.Z m 1740-1775 Siltstone: brown-grey, slightly calcareous, (530.4-541.0) ver y micaceous Platform member (Thickness: 8.8 m/29 ft.) 1775-1804 Limestone: pale buff,. fine grained and (541.0-549.9) coarse grained, biodastic, fossili 39. H-77 feraus Log of Pacific Oscar Creek H-77 Location: 65°Z6'ZZ"N,IZ7°28'15"W Hare Indian Formation Elevation at ground level: 60.1 m (197 ft.) Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; Top at 489.8 m (1607 ft.) below sea level depth adjusted to electric log. Thickness: >62.8 m (>206 ft.) Grey shale member MESOZOIC 1804-2010 Shale: grey, pale grey, slightly calcareous, (549.9-612.7) micromicaceous Thickness: 66.1 m (217 ft.) Basal beds (Lower Cretaceous ?) Total depth: 612.7 m 255-307 (OverJain by glauconitic sil tstone and m.7-93.5) shale) Sand: medium and coarse grained, quartz UPPER DEVONIAN 40. 1-01 Imperial Formation Log of Decalta Keele River 1-01 Top at 33.5 m (110 ft.) below sea level Location: 64°20'40"N, 125°00'07"W Thickness: 343.5 m (1127 ft.) Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 289.9 m (951 ft.) Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttingsj 307~800 Siltstone: grey, in part coarse grained, depth adjusted to sonic log. (93.5~Z43.8) micromicaceous Shale: dark grey, in part silty, micro micaceous MESOZOIC AND TERTIARY -800- I434 Shale: dark grey, micromicaceous; in the (-Z43.8-437.1) upper part, rare siltstone: as above Thickness: 1113.1 m (3652 ft.) Basal beds (Lower Cretaceous ?) 3609-3672 Sandstone: fine to very fine grained, DEVONIAN (I 100.0-1119.2) quartz-rich, glauconitic; some shale: black, trace carbonaceous fragments; Horn River Group some pyrite Thickness: >175.6 m (>576 ft.) Canol Formation DEVONIAN Top at 377.0 m (1237 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 468.8 m (1538 ft.) Thickness: 64.0 m (210 ft.) Hume Formation 1434-1640 Shale: brown-black, bi tuminousj trace (437.1-499.9) pyrite; -1550-1640 feet (-472.4 Top at 829.4 m (2721 ft.) below sea level 499.9 m) shale: slightly calcareous; Thickness: 91.7 m (301 ft.) some shell impressions Middle member Allochthonous limestone (Thickness: 49.7 m!t63 ft.) (Thickness: 1.2 m/4 ft.) 3672-3835 Limestone: buff, grey-brown, white, (1119.2-1168.9) 1640-1644 Limestone: black and whi te, argillaceous micrograined, some fine grained, (499.9-501.1) and bituminous fossil iferous Shale: black, calcareous Headless Member (Thickness: 42.1 m!t38 ft.) Ramparts Formation 3835-3973 Limestone: brown and white, bioclastic, (1168.9-1211.0) Top at 441.0 m (1447 ft.) below sea level fossiliferousj some shale: grey, dark Thickness: 48.8 m (160 ft.) grey, calcareous 87 Borehole Depth feet (m) Lithology 41. 1-15 Landry Formation Log of Shell Ochre River 1-15 Location: 63°24'45"N, 122°46'57"W Top at 921.1 m (J022 ft.) below sea level Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 507.2 m (1664 ft.) Thickness: 56.1 m (184 ft.) Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; depth adjusted to sonic log. 3973-4157 Limestone: grey-buff and dark brown, (1211.0-1267.1) aphanitic and micrograined with trace pelletal structure, in part argillaceous Borehole Depth and silty; grading to feet (m) Lithology Shale: dark grey-brown, silty, calcareous Arnica Formation MESOZOIC Top at 977.2 m (3206 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 38.7 m (127 ft.) Thickness: 383.7 m (1259 ft.) Basal beds (Lower Cretaceous ?) 4157-4284 Dolomite: pale buff to buff, micro- (1267.1-1305.8) crystalline, in part microsucrosic; 1380-1539 Siltstone: dark brown-grey, in part coarse some intercrystalline porosity and (420.6-469.1 ) grained, in part argillaceous, very some bituminous residue micaceous; oil y odour; some shale: black, flaky to splintery; trace orthoquartzite: pink, very thinly Fort Norman Formation interbedded with black shale (includes Arnica platform) Top at 1015.9 m (33JJ ft.) below sea level Thickness: 282.2 m (926 ft.) DEVONIAN 4284-4790 Dolomite: grey-brown, white, grey to dark (1305.8-1460.0) grey, buff and brown, mostly micro Thickness: 943.0 m (3094 ft.) crystalline; much bituminous residue in poor porosity and cracks; dolomite Horn River Group grades downward to whi te to buff and some grey-brown, micro- and very Thickness: 63.7 m (209 ft.) fine-crystalline; some limestone: pale buff and white, very fine grained; much breccia structure throughout Hare Indian Formation Arnica Platform Top at 38.1 m (125 ft.) above sea level (Thickness: 94.5 mnlO ft.) Thickness: 63.7 m (209 ft.) 4790-5100 Dolomite: buff to brown, microcry- Grey shale member (1460.0-1554.5) stalJine (may include a tongue of Ramparts Formation, Platform member) 5100-5210 Dolomite: brown, grey, white, micro- and (1554.5-1588.0) very fine-crystalline; breccia 1539-1596 Limestone: brown-grey, micrograined, structure (469.1-486.5) very argillaceous, grading to Shale: very calcareous; some shell fragments CAMBRIAN-SILURIAN 1596-1748 Shale: grey to dark brown-grey, flaky, (486.5-532.8) micromicaceous Ronning Group Franklin Mountain Formation Hume Formation Top at 1298.1 m (4259 ft.) below sea level Top at 25.6 m (84 ft.) below sea level Thickness: >118.9 m (>390 ft.) Thickness: 118.9 m (390 ft.) Rhythmic member Upper member (Thickness: 36.6 mf120 ft.) 5210~5300 Limestone: white to buff, micrograined, (l588.0~1615.4) in part sitty and sandy (quartz), and 1748-1868 Limestone: grey-buff to brown and white, very sandy; grading to (532.8-569.4) micrograined, some very fine grained, Sandstone: fine and medium grained, in part bioclastic, fossiliferous rounded, quartzose, calcareous Middle member -5300-5512 Dolomite and limestone: pale buff, pale (Thickness: 49.4 m/l62 ft.) H615.4-1680.1) grey and white, microcrystalline (micrograined), in part sandy; grading 1868-2030 Limestone: as above to (569.4-618.7) Sandstone: poorly sorted, very fine, fine and medium grained, quartzose, Headiess Member rounded (Thickness: 32.9 m/l08 ft.) 5512-5600 Dolomite: pale buff to white, pink, pale 2030-2138 Limestone: grey-buff to grey and white, (1680.1-1706.9) grey and trace pale green, micro (618.7-651.7) very fine grained, bioclastic, in part crystalline, some aphanitic, in part silty or argillaceous; some shale: grey, sandy; some dolomite: brick-red, argil calcareous; some shale: black, laceous; some clear quartz filling splintery (cavings?); some limestone: grey-buff, aphanitic; some limestone: Total depth: 1706.9 m grey, aphanitic, argillaceous or sil ty 88 Borehole Depth feet(m) Lithology 42. 1-46 Log of Shell Cloverleaf 1-46 Landry Formation Location: 63°55'44"N, 124°52'39"W Elevation of Kelly BUShing: 443.8 m (1456 ft.) Top at 144.5 m (474 ft.) below sea level Well log prepared by the writer based on driJl cuttings; Thickness: 21. 3 m (70 ft.) depth adjusted to sonic log. 2138-2208 Limestone: buff to pale buff, aphanitic; (65 I.7-673.0) trace microcrystals of pyrite Borehole Depth feet (m) Lithology Arnica Formation Top at 165.8 m (544 ft.) below sea level MESOZOIC Thickness: 40.2 m (132 ft.) Thickness: 731.8 m (240 I ft.) 2208-2340 Dolomite: pale buff, some pale grey, Basal beds (Lower Cretaceous ?) (673.0-713.2) microcrystalline; at top some bio structure preserved 2080-2401 Shale: dark grey to black, micromica (634.0-731.8) ceous; some interbedded sandstone: very fine and fine grained, Fort Norman Formation quartz/chert; some siltstone; at base probably shale: black, bituminous; and Top at 206.0 m (676 ft.) below sea level some shale: very pale green, waxy, ft.) Thickness: 489.5 m (1606 micaceous 2340-3946 Dolomite and anhydrite. (713.2-1202.7) Dolomite: buff to pale buff, pale grey, grey-brown, microcrystalline .and UPPER DEVONIAN aphanitic, in part anhydntlc, decreasing downward to minor Imperial Formation amounts Top at 288.0 m (945 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 622.4 m (2042 ft.) Tsetse Formation (Type Section) 2401-2700 Siltstone: grey, buff-grey, green-grey, (731.8-823.0) micaceous, in part argillaceous; some Top at 695.6 m (2282 ft.) below sea level shale: grey, dark grey, buff-grey, Thickness: 209.4 m (687 ft.) brown-grey, green-grey, micromica ceous 3946-3991 Dolomite: pale buff, pale grey, micro crystalline to aphanitic; some floating (1202.7-12l6.5) 2700-3720 Samples missing. Siltstone may continue quartz sand grains (823.0-1133.9) to 3500 feet (1066.8 m) 3991-4006 Sandstone: pale grey, some buff, very 3720-4443 Shale: grey, dark grey, brown-grey, fine to coarse grained, rounded, (1216.5-1221.0) (1133.9-1354.2) micromicaceous, in part silty, grading quartzose, mostly dolomitic; grading to siltstone: micaceous to sandy dolomite 4006-4025 Dolomite: pale buff, pale grey, micro (1221.0-1226.8) crystalline to aphanitic, in part sandy DEVONIAN Dolomite: as above, with some anhydrite 4025-4247 Thickness: >2095.5 m (>6875 ft.) (1226.8-1294.5) and trace sand grains; some sand grains at 4100-4110 feet {1249.7 Horn River Group 1252.7 ml; much anhydrite at 4190 4247 feet (1277.1-1294.5 m) Thickness: 327.7 m (1075 ft.) 4247-4633 Dolomite: pale buff, pale grey, pink, Canol Formation {1294.5-l412.0 microcrystalline and aphanitic, in part anhydritic, in part silty; grading to Top at 910.4 m (2987 ft.) below sea level siltstone: dolomitic, in part sandy; Thickness: 30.2 m (99 ft.) some anhydrite 4443-4542 Shale: black, bituminous; trace pyrite (1354.2-1384.4) CAMBRIAN-Sll..URIAN Hare Indian Formation Ronning Group Top at 940.6 m (3086 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 297.5 m (976 ft.) MOWlt Kindle Formation Grey shale member (including Black shale tongue) Top at 905.0 m (2969 ft.) below sea level (Thickness: 267.0 m/876 ft.) Thickness: >76.2 m (>250 ft.) 4542-4741 Shale: grey, brown-grey, dark grey, flaky 4633-4883 Dolomite: buff to pale buff, very fine and (1384.4-1445.1) to splintery, micromicaceous, in part (1412.1-1488.3) fine crystalline, some medium crystal si! ty and very micaceous line; around 4800 feet (1463.0 m), some chert: milky white to pale buff Ton ue of Black shale member Thickness: 132.6 m 435 ft. Total depth: 1488.3 m 4741-5176 Shale: black, bituminous, siliceous, (1445.1-1577.6) pyritic, micromicaceous 89 Borehole Depth Borehole Depth feet (m) Lithology feet (m) Lithology Gre shale member 7310-7700 Dolomite and anhydrite. 1continued) (2228.1-2347.0) Dolomite: grey, grey-buff, micro- and very fine-crystalline, sucrosic 5176-5418 Shale: grey, brown-grey to very dark grey {I 577.6-1651.4} and black, flaky to splintery, in part 7700-10 622 Dolomite: as above; some anhydrite micromicaceous, noncalcareous (2347.0-3237.6) Bluefish Member 10622-10652 Lost circulation, fault at 10625 feet (Thickness: 30.5 m/lOO ft.) 0237.6-3246.7) 0238.5 m}(R} 5418-5490 Shale: black, bituminous, in part slightly (l651.4-167304) calcareous; trace pyri te Arnica Platform 5490-5518 Shale: as above; caJcite and calcitic Top at 2802.9 m (9196 ft.) below sea level {l673.4-1681.9} streaks and speckles; in part grading Thickness: >203.0 m (>666 ft.) to limestone: black and white, bituminous, argillaceous; trace pyrite 10 652-11 318 Dolomite: dark grey to grey, micro- to (3246.7-3449.7) very fine-crystalline; some fine crystalline; white doJomite veins; Hume Formation trace fossil structures Top at 1238.1 m (4062 ft.) below sea level Total depth: 3449.7 m Thickness: 231.6 m (760 ft.) Upper member (Thickness: 70. t m/230 ft.) 5518-5748 Limestone: chalky buff, speckled white (l618.9-1752.0) to brown and whi te, micrograined, fossiliferous 43. I-54b Middle member (Thickness: 91.4 mf300 ft.) Log of Buttes Blackwater Lake 1-54A Location: 64° 33'44"N, J22° 39'40"W 5748-5949 Limestone: grey-buff, grey-brown, chalky Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 242.0 m (794 ft.) (l752.0-1813.3) buff, brown, white, micrograined to Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; very fine grained, some aphanitic; depth adjusted to sonic log. some shale: grey, calcareous, in part silty, micromicaceous 5949-6048 Limestone: grey, grey-buff, grey-brown, MESOZOIC {l813.3-1843.4} mostly micrograined (poor samples) Thickness: 43.0 m (141 ft.) Headless Member (Thickness: 70.1 m/230 ft.) 564(R}-705(R} Samples missing (l71.9-214.9) 6048-6278 (Poor samples - cavings and drilling {l843.4-1913.5} materiaJs). Limestone: grey, brown, white, micrograined and very fine DEVONIAN grained, in part argHlaceous; some shale: black, grey, in part silty Thickness: 630.9 m (2070 ft.) Arnica Formation Landry Formation (TransitionaJ to Funeral Formation) Top at 27.1 m (89 ft.) above sea level Thickness: 52.7 m (173 ft.) Top at 1469.7 m (4822 ft.) below sea leveJ Thickness: 191.7 m (629 ft.) 705(R}-790 SampJes missing (214.9-240.8) 6278-6530 Limestone: grey, pale grey, brown-grey, ([ 913.5-1990.3) micrograined to fine grained; some 790-878 Dolomite: very pale buff to very paJe grey limestone: grey-buff and brown, (240.8-267.6) and creamy white, microcrystalline to aphanitic; some limestone: dark aphanitic and chalky-textured; some brown-grey, argillaceous, silty with dark brown stains and very thin black oily odour streaks and styJoli tes; some shale: pale green, waxy 6530--b800 Limestone: grey-buff, aphanitic; some ([ 990.3-2072.6) limestone: grey to buff and white, very fine grained, in part bioclastic, in Fort Norman Formation part argillaceous; trace pyri te Top at 25.6 m (84 ft.) below sea level -6800-6907 Limestone: as above; some dolomite: Thickness: 327.4 m (1074 ft.) (-2072.6-2105.3) buff, micro- and very fine-crystalline, in part microsucrosic 878--1400 Anhydrite: pale buff to white, some buff (267.6-426.7) to brown and grey Arnica Formation -1400-1952 Anhydrite: as above; some dolomite (-426.7-595.0) Top at 1661.5 m (5451 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 122.8 m (403 ft.) Tsetso Formation 6907-7310 Dolomite: grey, micro- to very fine- (2105.3-2228.1 ) crystalline, in part sucrosic Top at 353.0 m (1158 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 250.9 m (823 ft.) Fort Norman Formation 1952-2250 Anhydrite: pale buff to brown and grey, (595.0-685.8) some pink colouring; some dolomite: Top at 1784.3 m (5854 ft.) beJow sea level brick-red, argillaceous; and shale: Thickness: 1018.6 m 0342 ft.) dolomitic 90 Borehole Depth Borehole Depth feet (m) Lithology leet (m) Lithology 2250-2310 Anhydrite: as above; some shale: pale 3445-3623 Dolomite: bulf to pale buff and milky (685.8-704.1 ) green, in part dolomitic, in part waxy 0050.0-1104.2) white, some pink and pale grey, trace pale green, mainly fine to very fine 2310-2595 Anhydrite: as above, and dolomite: pale crystalline; trace chert: milky white; (704.1-791.0) buff to buff-grey, microcrystalline to dolomite: in part sandy or sil ty; some aphanitic; some pink and trace pale oolitic structure; trace shale: pale green colouring; some shale: brick green red, dolomi tic Rhythmic member 2595-2631 Shale: brick-red to purple and brown, (Thickness: 203.9 m!669 ft.) (791.0-801.9) dolomitic, sil ty 3623-3878 Dolomite: some buff and pale buff, some 2631-2656 Anhydrite (1104.2-1182.0) brown to dark grey-brown, micro- and (801.9-809.5) very fine-crystalline grading down ward to microcrystalline and aphanitic 2656-2750 Dolomite: buff to grey-buff and grey, (809.5-838.2) microcrystalline; trace pink colouring, 3878-4110 Dolomite: very pale bulf and very pale and anhydrite (1182.0-1252.7) grey, micro- and very fine-crystalline, grading downward to mostly buff to 2750-2775 Dolomite: pale buff, microcrystalline to brown, microcrystalline, in part (838.2-845.8) aphanitic; some shale: pale green to slightlyargillaceous pale green-grey, dolomitic, in part pyritic 4110-4292 Dolomite: grey-buff to dark grey-brown, (1252.7-1308.2) microcrystalline to aphanitic, in part argillaceous; some dolomite: pale buff and pale grey, aphanitic; trace shale: CAMBRIAN-SILURIAN dark grey to black Ronning Group Cyclic member (Thickness: 33.5 m/110 ft.) Thickness: 495.9 m (1627 ft.) 4292-4402 Samples missing below 4280 feet Mount Kindle Formation 0308.2-1341.7) (1304.5 m) Top at 603.8 m (1981 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 185.6 m (609 ft.) CAMBRIAN Upper pale member (Thickness: 65.5 m/215 It.) Saline River Formation 2775-2990 Dolomite: buff to pale bulf, very fine Top at 1099.7 m (3608 ft.) below sea level (845.8-911.4) crystalline, some microcrystalline and Thickness: >34.4 m (> 113 ft.) line crystalline; some intercrystalline porosity Upper clastic member Lower dark member 4402-4515 Samples missing (Thickness: 109.1 m1358 ft.) (1341.7-1376.2) 2990-3059 Dolomite: buff to grey-brown, micro- to Total depth: 1376.2 m (911.4-932.4) very line-crystalline, in part dark grey-brown, argillaceous; grading to some black bituminous streaks in dolomite Shale: black, dolomitic 3059-3100 Dolomite: as above, and chert: grey (932.4-944.9) brown to black 44. 1-54w 3100-3348 Dolomite: grey-buff, microcrystalline, Log of Decalta Wrigley I-54 (944.9-1020.5) grading downward to bufl, very fine to Location: 63°l3'33"N,123°54'32"W line crystalline; trace chert: grey-buff Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 418.5 m (1373 ft.) Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; Basal member depth adjusted to sonic log. (Thickness: 11.0 m136 ft.) 3348-3379 Dolomite: bulf-grey, argillaceous, grading (1020.5-1029.9) to UPPER DEVONIAN Shale: dark brown-grey to black, dolo mitic, silty, in part micropyritic Imperial Formation 3379-3384 Dolomite: grey, microcrystalline to Top at 385.0 m (1263 ft.) above sea level 0029.9-1031.4) aphanitic, silty, pyritic; some shale: as Thickness: 70.4 m (231 ft.) above 110-341 Shale: dark grey, grading downward to 03.5-103.9) very dark grey and black, flaky to Franklin Mountain Formation splintery, micromicaceous; some very pyritic shale near the base Top at 789.4 m (2590 It.) below sea level Thickness: 310.3 m 0018 ft.) Cherty member DEVONIAN (Thickness: 72.8 m!239 ft.) Thickness: >1865.1 m (>6119 ft.) 3384-3445 Dolomite: very pale bulf to very pale 0031.4-1050.0) grey, some pink and trace pale green Horn River Group colouring, fine, medium and coarse crystalline; some shale: green and pale Thickness: 279.5 m (917 ft.) green, in part as intercrystalline filling; dolomite: in part sandy 91 Borehole Depth Borehole Depth feet (m) Lithology feet (m) Lithology Canol Formation FAULT Hume Formation Top at 314.6 m (1032 ft.) above sea level Thickness: 82.9 m (272 ft.) Top at 287.4 m (943 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 35.4 m (116 ft.) 341-613 Shale: black, bituminous, siliceous, micro (103.9-186.8) micaceous; some pyri te concentrations Headless Member 2316-2370 Samples missing Ramparts Formation (705.9-722.4) Top at 231.6 m (760 ft.) above sea level 2370-2432 Limestone and shale(?) Thickness: 19.5 m (64 ft.) (722.4-741.3) Platform member Landry Formation 613-677 Limestone: brown-grey, very argillaceous (186.8-206.3) and silty Top at 322.& m (1059 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 104.5 m (343 ft.) Hare Indian Formation 2432-2775 Very poor samples. Stratigraphic (741.3-845.&) interpretation of contact at Top at 212.1 m (696 ft.) above sea level "2775 feet"I"845.8 m" is based on acid Thickness: 177.1 m (581 ft.) reaction of powdery samples, adjusted to sonic log Grey shale member (Thickness: 158.& mf521 ft.) Arnica Formation 677-1I98 Shale: grey, flaky, calcareous, micro- (206.3-365.2) micaceous, grading downward through Top at 427.3 m (1402 ft.) below sea level grey and brown-grey, slightly Thickness: 294.1 m (965 ft.) calcareous, to grey to dark brown grey, noncalcareous 2775-2880 Very poor or missing samples (&45.8-877 .8) Bluefish Member (Thickness: 1&.3 mf60 ft.) 2&80-2950 Dolomite: grey-buff to dark brown-grey, (&77 .&-899.2) micro- to very fine-crystalline 1198--1240 Shale: black, bi tuminous, pyritic, noncal (365.2-378.0) careous 2950-3010 Dolomite: pale grey to dark grey, fine, (899.2-917.4) medium and coarse crystalline; much -1240-1258 Shale: black with white calcitic biopat dolomite: white, very coarse (-378.0-383.4) terns; grading to crystalline Limestone: argillaceous, bituminous 3010-3130 Dolomite: grey-buff to dark brown-grey, (917.4-954.0) micro- to very fine-crystalline Hume Formation 3130-3 L90 Dolomite: pale buff to brown-grey, fine, Top at 35.1 m (115 ft.) above sea level (954.0-972.3) medium and coarse crystalline; much Thickness: 250.9 m (&23 ft.) dolomite: white, very coarse crystalline Upper member (Thickness: 62.5 mf205 ft.) 3190-3512 Dolomite: grey-buff to dark brown-grey, (972.3-1070.5) micro- to very fine-crystalline; 1258-1463 Limestone: buff to grey-brown, pale buff 3320-3360 feet (1011.9-1024.1 m) (383.4-445.9) and white, mostly micrograined; some dolomite: buff to grey-brown, fine, calcite and quartz crystals throughout medium and coarse crystalline Middle member 3512-3740 Dolomite: buff to pale buff, some brown (Thickness: 123.4 mf405 ft.) (1070.5-1140.0) grey, microcrystalline to aphanitic, in part anhydritic 1463-1747 Limestone: as above, in part argillaceous; (445.9-532.5) some interbedded shale: dark brown grey Fort Norman Formation (Including Arnica platform) 1747-1868 Very poor samples (cavings) (532.5-569.4) Top at 721.5 m (2367 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 426.7 m (1400 ft.) Headless Member (Thickness: 64.9 mf213 ft.) 3740-4250 Anhydrite: pale buff; and (1140.0-1295.4) Dolomite: buff to pale buff and brown 1868-2081 Mostly shale cavings grey, microcrystalline to aphanitic (569.4-634.2) Grades downward through mostly anhy drite to mostly dolomite Landry Formation Arnica platform (Thickness: 129.5 mf425 ft.) Top at 215.8 m (70& ft.) below sea level Thickness: >71.6 m (>235 ft.) 4250-4500 Dolomite: grey-brown to very dark brown (1295.4-1371.6) grey, micro- to very fine-crystalline; 2081-2260 Limestone: buff to grey-brown, micro oily odour (634.2-688.8) grained to aphanitic; abundant calci te in lower part 4500-4605 Dolomite: white, very coarse crystalline (1371.6-1403.6) Breccia: anhydrite and dolomite 2260-2316 Samples missing (688.8-705.9) 4605-4675 Dolomite: dark grey-brown, microcrystal (1403.6-1424.9) line 4675-5140 Anhydrite, some dolomite (1424.9-1566.7) 92 Borehole Depth Borehole Depth feet (m) Lithology feet (m) Lithology Delorme Group 4112-4520 Dolomite: grey and grey-buff to very (1253.3-1377.7) dark grey and black, micro- and very Tsetse Formation fine-crystalline, in part microsucrosic; some anhydrite Top at 1148.2 m 0767 ft.) below sea level Thickness: >402.3 m (> 1320 ft.) Arnica Platform 5140-6460 Anhydrite and dolomite: at 5160- Top at 533.4 m (I 750 ft.) below sea level (1566.7-1969.0) 5170 feet (l572.8-1575.8 m) and 5260 Thickness: 219.5 m (720 ft.) 5270 feet (1603.2-1606.3 m), some pale green colouring and dolomite: in 4520-5240 Dolomite: very dark grey to black, micro part silty and sandy; at 5300-5340 feet (I 377 .7-1597.2) and very fine-crystalline (1615.4-1627.6 m), dolomite: in part very sandy (very fine, fine, medium Delorme Group and coarse grained, rounded quartz}, 5830-5880 feet (1777.0-1792.2 m), Top at 752.9 m (2470 ft.) below sea level dolomite: grey-brown to very dark Thickness: >2066.5 m (>6780 ft.) brown-grey, microcrystalline, and some anhydrite; 6180-6200 feet 5240-7990 Anhydrite and some dolomite: pale grey, (l883.7-1889.8 m), oily samples (1597.2-2435.4) pale buff, in part microcrystalline, in part anhydritic Total depth: 1969.0 m 7990-8240 Dolomite: grey-buff to dark brown-grey, (2435.4-2511.6) aphanitic to microcrystalline, in part anhydritic 8240- 12 020 Anhydrite and dolomite: pale buff and (2511.6-3663.7) pale grey, aphanitic; some dolomite: grey-buff, aphanitic to micro 45. 1-70d crystalline Log of IOE Dahadinni 1-70 Total depth: 3663.7 m Location: 63°19'41"N, 124°56'35"W Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 844.3 m (2770 ft.) Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; depth adjusted to sonic log below 4000 feet (l219.2 m). 46. 1-70L DEVONIAN Log of Candex Little Bear 1-70 Thickness: >3657.6 m (> 12 000 ft.) Location: 64°39'44"N,125°56'35"W Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 416.4 m (1366 ft.) Hume Formation Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; depth adjusted to sonic log. Top at 838.2 m (2750 ft.) above sea level Thickness: 9.1 m 00 ft.) Headless Member MESOZOIC AND (?)TERTIARY 20(5)-50(5) Very poor samples, possibly limestone and Thickness: 1734.3 m (5690 ft.) (6.1-15.2) shale: grey and black Basal beds (Lower Cretaceous ?) 5750-5850 Shale: black, bi tuminous Landry Formation (1752.6-1783.1) Sandstone: grey, very pale green, fine grained, slightly glauconitic Top at 829.1 m (2720 ft.) above sea level Thickness: 73.8 m (242 ft.) 50(S)-292(R) Limestone: brown and buff (character UPPER DEVONIAN (l5.2-89.0) istic "chocolate and fudge"), aphanitic; abundant white calcite veining in Imperial Formation bottom 50 feet (15.2 m) Top at 1366.7 m (4484 ft.) below sea level Thickness: >356.6 m (> 1170 ft.), est. 500 m Arnica Formation 5850-6347 Shale: grey, some dark grey, micro- Top at 755.3 m (2478 ft.) above sea level (1783.1-1934.6) micaceous; some thinly interbedded Thickness: 1288.7 m (4228 ft.) siltstone and rare sandstone 292(R )--1500 Dolomite: grey, buff-grey, micro- to very (89.0-457.2) fine-crystalline, microsucrosic -1500--1900 Dolomite: as above, mainly very fine 6347-6476 Limestone: grey-buff to very pale buff, (-457.2-579.1) crystaHine, microsucrosic (1934.6-1973.9) micrograined, in part argillaceous (increasingly near base) -1900-2440(5) Dolomite: buff-grey, mainly micro- (-579.1-743.7) crystalline 6476-6976 Shale: grey, some dark grey, micromica- (1973.9-2126.3) ceous; some thinly interbedded 2440(5)--2760 Limestone: brown-grey to very dark grey siltstone (743.7-84 I .2) and black, micrograined to aphanitic, argillaceous 6976-7020 Siltstone: brown, coarse grained, in part (2126.3-2139.7) siliceous, very slightly calcareous; oily -2760-4112 Dolomite: grey to grey-buff, micro- and odour; interbedded wi th (-841.2-1253.3) very fine crystalline, microsucrosic Shale: black, splintery, with some carbon aceous remains Total depth: 2139.7 m 93 Borehole Depth 47. 1-74 feet (m) Lithology Log of Sinclair Mahony Lake [-74 4632-5178 Dolomite and shale. Location: 65 6 23'36"N,124 6 43'30"W (1411.8-1578.3) Dolomite: brick-red, maroon, purple, pale Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 310.3 m (1018 ft.) buff, pale grey, pink, pale green, Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; aphanitic and microcrystalline, in part depth adjusted to sonic log. sandy; grading to sandstone Shale: varicoloured, dolomi tic; trace anhydrite; shale increases downward Borehole Depth feet (m) Lithology 5178-5214 Dolomite and anhydrite: pale buff, pink, (1578.3-1589.2) brick-red; some shale: pale green, brick-red, dolomitic MESOZOIC CAMBRJAN-SILURIAN Thickness: 880.9 m (2890 ft.) Basal beds (Lower Cretaceous ?) Ronning Group 3070-3130 Sandstone: fine to very coarse grained, Franldin Mountain Formation (935.7-954.0) quartzose; some sandstone: fine grained, glauconitic; shale: dark grey, Top at 1278.9 m (4196 ft.) below sea level in part highly glauconitic; some pyrite Thickness: 232.6 m (763 ft.) nodul es; probably a basal coarse sand or pebbles Rhythmic member 5214-5470 Dolomite: buff to pale buff and pale (1589.2-1667.3) grey, trace pink, microcrystalline, DEVONIAN some very line crystalline Thickness: 635.2 m (2084 ft.) 5470-5650 Dolomite: buff to dark brown, micro- and (1667.3-1722.1 ) very fine-crystalline Hume Formation 5650--5800 Dolomite: creamy white to very pale buff Top at 643.7 m (2112 ft.) below sea level (1772.1-1767.8) and very pale grey with some Thickness: 23.2 m (76 ft.) scattered pale green patches, coarse crystalline and micro- to very fine Headless Member crystalline; shale: pale green, in pores, specks and partings; some 3130-3206 Limestone: buff to buff-grey, micro pyrite (954.0-977.2) grained, in part biodastic and fossil iferous, in part argillaceous - 5800-5977 Dolomite: creamy white to buff and pale Shale: grey, flaky (-1767.3-1821.8) grey and some brown, microcrystalline and aphanitic; trace shale: pale green and green; near the base, dolomite is Landry Formation pale buff to grey-brown, microcry stalline, in part argillaceous Top at 666.9 m (2188 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 22.6 m (74 ft.) Includes trace of Cyclic member at base 3206-3280 Limestone: pale buff to brown, aphanitic, (977 .2-999.7) some micrograined, trace pelletal and bioclastic CAMBRIAN Saline River Formation Arnica Formation Top at 1511.5 m (4959 ft.) below sea level Top at 689.5 m (2262 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 32.6 m (I 07 ft.) Thickness: 15.2 m (50 ft.) Upper clastic member 3280-3330 Dolomite: buff, microcrystalline (Thickness: 13.1 m/43ft.) (999.7-1015.0) 5977-6020 Shale: green, maroon, slightly dolomitic (1821.8-1834.9) Fort Norman Formation Salt member Top at 704.7 m (2312 ft.) below sea level (Thickness: 11.0 m/36 ft.) Thickness: 382.2 m (I254 ft.) 6020-6056 3330-4584 Anhydrite and shale: grey, hard, slightly Anhydrite (abundant cavings) (1834.9-1845.9) dolomitic (1015.0-1397.2) Lower clastic member (Thickness: 8.5 m/28 ft.) Tsetse Formation 6056-6084 Shale: pale green, maroon, purple, in part Top at 1086.9 m (3566 ft.) below sea level (1845.9-1854.4) dolomitic Thickness: 192.0 m (630 ft.) 4584-4632 Dolomite: buff to pale grey, pale green, (1397.2-1411.8) aphanitic and microcrystalline, in part PROTEROZOIC anhydritic, in part argillaceous, 10 part sandy; grading to Dolomite unit Sandstone: fine to medium grained, very (Reference section) dolomitic, quartzose; some Shale: pale olive-green to green, in part Top at 1544.1 m (5066 ft.) below sea level dolomitic Thickness: >29.3 m (>96 ft.) 94- Borehole Depth Borehole Depth feet (m) Lithology feet (m) Lithology 6084-6119 Dolomite: maroon to pale pink with some 470-520? Sandstone: pale grey, fine to medium (1854.4-1865.1) thin blood-red streaks, microcry 043.3-158.5?) grained, poorly sorted, si! ty, stalline, mostly siliceous; some chert: chert/quartz, slightly calcareous, in whi te to very pale buff and very pale part very micaceous; some black shale pink partings and fine disseminated pyrite; at base sandstone is medium to coarse 6119-6180 Dolomite: pale purple to pale red-brown grained (1865.1-1883.7) and pink, argillaceous and siliceous Total depth: 1883.7 m UPPER DEVONIAN Imperial Formation Top at 86.9 m (285 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 384.0 m 0260 ft.) 48. J-20 520?-1780 Shale: dark grey, micromicaceous 058.5?-542.5) Log of Imperial Canyon Creek No. 2 Location: 65°09'36"N, 126° 17'35"W Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 100.3 m (329 ft.) Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; DEVONIAN depth adjusted to electric log. Thickness: >941.8 m (> 3090 ft.) Horn River Group UPPER DEVONIAN Thickness: 257.6 m (845 ft.) Imperial Formation Top at 100.3 m (329 ft.) above sea level Canol Formation Thickness: 240.5 m (789 ft.) Top at 470.9 m (1545 ft.) below sea level 0-60(S) Siltstone: pale grey, coarse grained, cal Thickness: 73.2 m (240 ft.) (0-18.3) careous, micaceous; siltstone: grey, micaceous, argillaceous 1780-2020 Shale: black and very dark grey, bi tu Shale: dark grey, micromicaceous (542.5-615.7) minous, siliceous; some pyrite 60(S)...667 Shale: dark grey, micromicaceous 08.3-203.3) Hare Indian Formation Canyon Creek sandstone lentil Top at 544.1 m (1785 ft.) below sea level (Thickness: 27.4 m!90 ft.) Thickness: 184.4 m (605 ft.) 667-757 Sandstone: pale buff, very fine grained, Grey shale member (203.3-230.7) quartz-rich, silly; grading to (Thickness: 176.8 m!580 ft.) Siltstone: coarse grained 2020-2600 Shale: grey to buff-grey, flaky- to 757-789 Shale: dark grey, micromicaceous (615.7-792.5) splintery, micromicaceous (230.7-240.5) Bluefish Member (Thickness: 7.6 mf25 ft.) DEVONIAN 2600-2625 Very poor samples - some shale: black, (792.5-800.1 ) and some pyrite Horn River Group Canol Formation Hume Formation Top at 140.2 m (460 ft.) below sea level Top at 728.5 m (2390 ft.) below sea level Thickness: >4.3 m (> 14 ft.) Thickness: 214.9 m (705 ft.) 789-800 Shale: brown-black, bi tuminous Upper member (240.5-243.8) (Thickness: 47.2 m!l55 ft.) Total depth: 244.8 m 2625-2780 Limestone: grey-brown, grey-buff, micro (800.1-847.3) to very fine-grained Middle member (Thickness: 118.9 m!390 ft.) 2780-2965 Limestone and shale 49. J-42 (847.3-903.7) Log of Imperial Redstone No. I 2965-3170 Limestone: grey, grey-brown and white, Location: 64 ° 11 '42"N, 124 °38' 19"W (903.7-966.2) micrograined and very fine grained Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 71.6 m (235 ft.) Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; Headless Member depth adjusted to electric log; no log below (Thickness: 48.8 m!160 ft.) 4230 feet (1289.3 m); sample quality poor. 3170-3330 Limestone: in part argillaceous, in part (966.2-1015.0) aphanitic Shale: very dark grey, splintery MESOZOIC Thickness: 146.3 m (480 ft.) Basal beds (Lower Cretaceous ?) Borehole Depth Borehole Depth feet (m) Lithology feet (m) Lithology Landry Formation 460-480 Poor samples - calcite and reef debris(?) (140.2-146.3) Top at 943.4 m (3095 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 91.4 m (300 ft.) Hare Indian Formation 3330-3630 Limestone: grey to buff, aphanitic, some (1015.0-1106.4 ) micro- to very fine-grained Top at 71.3 m (234 ft.) above sea level Thickness: 153.3 m (503 ft.) Arnica Formation Grey shale member (Thickness: 140.2 m!460 ft.) Top at 1034.8 m (3395 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 27.4 m (90 ft.) 480.",00 Shale: pale grey, silty, very micaceous ( 146.3-182.9) 3630-3720 Dolomite: grey-buff, grey-brown, micro (1106.4-1133.9) crystalline, tight ~00-940 Shale: grey, brown-grey, slightly silty, H82.9-286.5) slightly calcareous, micromicaceous, grading downward through grey, pale Fort Norman Formation grey and brown-grey, flaky, slightly caJcareous, micromicaceous, to dark Top at 1062.2 m (3485 ft.) below sea level brown-grey, noncalcareous in lower Thickness: 237.7 m (780 ft.) 100 feet (30.5 m) 3720-4500 Anhydrite Bluefish Member ( 1133.9-1371.6) (Thickness: 13.1 m!43 ft.) Arnica Platform 940-968 Shale: black, bituminous with spores (286.5-295.1 ) Top at 1300.0 m (4265 ft.) below sea level Thickness: >112.8 m (>370 ft.) 968-983 Shale: black with calcite and white (295.1-299.6) calcitic streaks 4500-4870 Dolomite: buff to brown, microcrystal- (1371.6-1484.4) line Hume Formation Total depth: 1485.6 m Top at 82.0 m (269 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 85.0 m (279 ft.) Upper member (Thickness: 34.1 m!112 ft.) 50. J-48 983-1018 Poor samples - limestone: buff and grey (299.6-310.3) buff, micrograined; possibly some shale Log of Banff Oscar Creek J -48 Location: 65°27'35"N,127"08'23.5"W 1018-1043 Shale: grey, calcareous Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 217.6 m (714 ft.) (310.3-317.9) Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; depth adjusted to sonic log. 1043-1095 Limestone: buff, pale buff, white, micro (317.9-333.8) grained, fossiliferous Middle member UPPER DEVONIAN (Thickness: 31.1 !102 ft.) Imperial Formation 1095-1140 Limestone: as above; some interbedded (333.8-347.5) shale: grey, calcareous Top at 217.6 m (714 ft.) above sea level Thickness: 54.3 m (178 ft.) 1140-1158 Shale (?) (347.5-353.0) 0-140 Samples missing (0-42.7) 1158-1198 Limestone: buff to white, very fossili (353.0-365.2) ferous; interbedded 140-178 Shale: dark grey, micromicaceous Shale: grey, calcareous (42.7-54.3) Siltstone: grey, argillaceous, micaceous Headless Member (Thickness: 19.5 m!64 ft.) DEVONIAN 1198-1262 Shale: black, flaky, slightly calcareous, (365.2-384.7) micromicaceou5; some limestone: Thickness: >406.6 m (> 1334 ft.) buff to white, very fossiliferous, and interbedded shale: grey, flaky, slightly Horn River Group calcareous, micromicaceous Thickness: 245.4 m (805 ft.) Landry Formation Canol Formation Top at 167.0 m (548 ft.) below sea level Top at 163.4 m (536 ft.) above sea level Thickness: 11.0 m (36 ft.) Thickness: 92.0 m (302 ft.) 1262-1298 Limestone: brown, some buff, in part 178-408 Shale: black, bi tuminous; some free (384.7-395.6) pelletal, in part aphanitic (54.3-124.4) bitumen Allochthonous limestone Arnica Formation (Thickness: 21.9 m/?2 ft.) Top at 178.0 m (584 It.) below sea level 408-460 Shale: black with shell fragments and Thickness: 42.7 m (140 ft.) (124.4-140.2) much calcite, pale buff; trace reef limestone 96 Borehole Depth Borehole Depth feet (m) Lithology feet (m) Lithology 1298-1438 Dolomite: buff, brown, very fine Hume Formation {395.6-438.3} crystalline, some microcrystalline, in part micro5ucrosic; some bi tumen Top at 1221.0 m (4006 ft.) below sea level residue in intercrystalline porosity; Thickness: 123.4 m (405 ft.) possible anhydrite around 1400 feet (426.7 m) Upper member (Thickness: 31.4 m/I 03 ft.) Fort Norman Formation 5999-6102 Dolomite: buff to white, fine, medium (l828.5-1860.0) and coarse crystalline Top at 220.7 m (724 ft.) below sea level Thickness: >22.6 m (>74 ft.) Middle member (Thickness: 45.1 m/J48 ft.) 1438-1455 Dolomite: buff, anhydritic; some anhy (438.3-443.5 m) drite 6102-6197 Limestone: grey-buff, micrograined, in (l860.0-1888.9) part argillaceous; trace pyri te 1455-1490 Anhydrite: pale buff and whi te (443.5-454.1) 6197-6250 Limestone: grey-buff, micrograined; some (l888.9-1905.0) limestone: pale buff, chalky 1490-1512 Samples missing (454.1-460.9) Headless Member (Thickness: 46.9 m/I 54 ft.) Total depth: 460.9 m 6250-6404 Limestone: bUff-grey, micrograined, pyr {/905.0-1951.9} itic; some limestone: very fine grained, argillaceous; some shale: grey, calcareous Landry Formation 51. J-65 Top at 1344.5 m (4411 ft.) below sea level Log of Candel Tate J-65 Thickness: 50.6 m {/66 ft.} Location: 64°24'39"N, 125°26'48"W Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 607.5 m (/993 ft.) 6404-6477 Limestone: buff, brown, dark brown, pale Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; (1951.9-1974.2) buff, white, micrograined, very fine depth adjusted to sonic log. and fine grained, in part argillaceous 6477-6570 Limestone: buff, aphanitic, in part (l974.2-2002.5) micrograined; some limestone: dark MESOZOIC brown, argillaceous; probably some interbedded shale: black, calcareous Thickness: 1664.8 m (5462 ft.) Basal beds (Lower Cretaceous 7) Amlca Formation 5725-5742 Sandstone: fine grained, siliceous, (1745.0-1750.2) quartz/chert; some pyrite; trace Top at 1395.1 m (4577 ft.) below sea level glauconite Thickness: 24.4 m (80 ft.) 6570-6650 Dolomite: buff, pale buff, microcrystal (2002.5-2026.9) line, in part microsucrosic, in part DEVON/AN argillaceous Thickness: 567.5 m (1862 ft.) Fort Norman Formation Horn River Group (Breccia equivalent) Thickness: 78.3 m (257 ft.) Top at 1419.5 m (4657 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 167.6 m (550 ft.) Hare Indian Formation -6650--7200 Dolomite: grey-brown, grey, buff, white, Top at 1142.7 m {3749 ft.) below sea level (-2026.9-2194.6) micro- and very line-crystalline, in Thickness: 78.3 m (257 ft.) part heavily veined - appearance of solution breccia Black shale member (Thickness: 29.9 m/98 ft.) Arnica Platform 5742-5840 Shale: black, noncalcareous, bituminous, Top at 1587.1 m (5207 ft.) below sea level ( l750.2-1780.0) in part siliceous; some pyrite; some Thickness: 123.1 m (404 ft.) thin calcite veins -7200-7604 Dolomite: mainly buff, microcrystalline; Grey shale member (-2 I94.6-2317.7) possibly some dolomite, as above (Thickness: 32.6 m/J 07 ft.) -5840-5947 Shale: very dark grey, very micromica H 780.0-1812.6) ceous; some fine disseminated pyrite; CAMBRIAN-SILURIAN some siltstone: grey and dark grey Ronning Group Bluefish Member (Thickness: 15.8 m/52 ft.) Franklin Mountain Formation 5947-5999 Shale: black bi tuminous, noncalcareous; Top at 1710.2 m (5611 ft.) below sea level (/812.6-1828.5) some limestone: black with white Thickness: >516.3 m (>1694 ft.) streaks, hard Cherty member (Thickness: 160.3 m/526 ft.) 97 Borehole Depth Borehole Depth feet (m) Lithology feet (m) Lithology 7604-8130 Dolomite: pale grey, pale buff, micro- to DEVONIAN (2317.7-2478.0) fine-crystalline; top 30 feet (9.1 m) sandy, in part grading to sandstone: Thickness: >348.7 m (> 1144 ft.) quartzose, dolomitic; floating sand: medium and coarse grained, quartz, Horn River Group rounded; rare traces of pale green and pink colouring; trace shale: pale green; Thickness: 340.8 m (1118 ft.) dolomite: grading downward to micro crystalline to aphanitic; very rare Canol Formation chert: milky whi te, trace pink at base Top at 559.3 m (1835 ft.) below sea level Rhythmic member Thickness: 27.4 m (90 ft.) (Thickness: 247.5 mf812 ft.) 2002-2044 Limestone: brown, translucent, fine 8130-8400 Dolomite: dark grey-brown to grey-buff, (610.2-623.0) grained, crystalline textured, sili (2478.0-2560.3) aphanitic to microcrystalline, in part ceous; some shale: brown, noncal slightly argillaceous; probably some careous; some limestone: brown, interbedded shale: very dark grey, siliceous, argiJJaceous dolomitic; grading to argillaceous dolomite 2044-2071 Shale: dark brown-grey, bituminous; (623.0-631.2) some shale: hard, dolomitic, -8400-8942 Dolomite: dark grey-brown, brown-grey, bituminous (-2560.3-2725.5) grey, buff, mostly microcrystalline, in part argillaceous; some interbedded 2071-2092 Shale: dark grey-brown, dolomitic shale: very dark grey, dolomitic (631.2-637.6) and/or calcareous, hard, bituminous Cyclic member (Thickness: >108.5 mf> 356 ft.) Ramparts Formation 8942-9298 Dolomite: grey, brown-grey, buff-grey, Top at 586.7 m (1925 ft.) below sea level (2725.5-2834.0) mostly argillaceous and in part silty; Thickness: 150.3 m (493 ft.) some shale: green-grey, dolomitic Reef member Total depth: 2839.0 m (Thickness: 117.7 m/386 ft.) 2092-2478 Limestone: reef; 2262 feet (689.5 m) (637.6-755.3) Middle or Late Devonian, 2290 feet (698.0 m) Late Devonian, mackensiense Zone (Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 71-15, p.21) 52. J-76 Platform member Log of Imperial Mac No. I (Thickness: 32.6 m/I 07 ft.) Location: 65°15'30"N, 126°59'00"W Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 50.9 m (167 ft.) 2478-2585 Limestone: pale buff, mostly fine to Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; (755.3-787.9) coarse grained, bioclastic and fossil depth adjusted to electric log. iferous Hare Indian Formation MESOZOIC Top at 737.0 m (2418 ft.) below sea level Thickness: >154.2 m (>506 ft.) Thickness: 163.1 m (535 ft.) Basal beds (Lower Cretaceous) Grey shale member 785-800 Sandstone: very pale grey, fine to very (Thickness: 154.5 mf507 ft.) (239.3-243.8) fine grained, quartz-rich, slightly glauconitic, in part micaceous 2585-2640 Shale: grey, slightly calcareous, very (787.9-804.7) micaceous 800-806 Sample missing Siltstone: grey, slightly calcareous, (243.8-245.7) micaceous 2640-3092 Shale: grey, slightly calcareous, very (804.7-942.4) micaceous, in part silty UPPER DEVONIAN Bluefish Member Imperial Formation (Thickness: 8.5 m/28 ft.) Top at 194.8 m (639 ft.) below sea level 3092-3120 Shale: brown-black, calcareous, bitu Thickness: 364.5 m (1196 ft.) (942.4-951.0) minous, micromicaceous Limestone: brown, dark brown, in part 806-1315 Siltstone: grey, micaceous argillaceous, much bituminous (245.7-400.8) Sandstone: pale grey, very fine grained, residue; trace fibrous calcite sil ty, micaceous, grading to sandy 3105-3110 feet (946.4-947.9 m) - spore siltstone study by D.C. McGregor (see Appendix I). Siltstone: grey, argillaceous, micromica 3110 feet (947.9 m) - spore study by ceous A.R. Sweet (see Appendix 1) Shale: dark grey, micromicaceous; 1024 feet 012.1 m) - spore study by D.C. McGregor (see Appendix I) Hume Formation 1315-2002 Shale: dark grey, flaky to splintery, Top at 900.1 m (2953 ft.) below sea level (400.8-610.2) micromicaceous; some siltstone: Thickness: >7.9 m (>26 ft.) green-grey, micaceous in the upper half 3120-3146 Limestone: buff, brown, aphanitic and (951.0-958.9) micrograined, fossiliferous Total depth: 958.9 m 98 Borehole Depth 53. K-03 feet (m) Lithology Log of Aquit. Dodo Canyon K-03 5363-5762 Shale: brown-black, siliceous, variably Location: 65°02'33"N, 126°46'14"W (J634.6-1756.3) calcareous, bituminous (some free Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 308.5 m (l012 ft.) bitumen), micromicaceous; some Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; pyrite; some black shell fragments; depth adjusted to sonic log. some chert: brown to black with white specks; trace limestone: brown, pale brown, brown-black, in part Borehole Depth siliceous; trace glauconite concen feet (m) Lithology trations in black shale; 5740-5760 feet (J750.0-1755.6 m) trace shale: green-grey, very micaceous MESOZOIC Bluefish Member (Thickness: 14.3 m!47 ft.) Thickness: 907.1 m (2976 ft.) Basal beds (Lower Cretaceous ?) 5762-5785 Shale: brown-black, slighlly calcareous, (J 756.3-1763.3) bituminous 2876-2976 Sandstone: very pale grey, fine to very (876.6-907.1) fine grained, quartz-rich, calcareous, 5785-5809 Shale: brown-black, very calcareous; some glauconitic (J763.3-1770.6) thin white calcite structures; 5750 Siltstooe; pale grey, coarse grained, 5810 feet (J752.6-1770.9 m) - spore slightly calcareous, slightly gJau study .by D.e. McGregor (see conitic; siltstone: grey, argillaceous, Appendix 1) micromicaceous 2953-2976 feet (900.1-907.1 m) - trace sandstone: fine grained, quartzose, Hume Formation glauconitic Top at 1462.1 m (4797 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 118.6 m (389 ft.) UPPER DEVONIAN Upper member (Thickness: 61.6 m!202 ft.) Imperial Formation 5809-6011 Limestone: buff, brown, some aphanilic, Top at 598.6 m (J964 ft.) below sea level (J770.6-1832.2) some fine grained, some silty and Thickness: 675.4 m (2216 ft.) micaceous (Note: "chocolate" brown and buff coloured aphanitic limestone 2976-3400 Shale: dark grey, micromicaceous; inter gives Upper member here a Landry (907.1-1036.3) bedded with like appearance) Siltstone: grey, in part coarse grained, micaceous Middle member (Thickness: 31.7 m/I04 ft.) -3400-4266 Sandstone: pale grey, pale green-grey, (-1036.3-1300.3) very fine grained, micaceous 6011-6079 Limestone: grey-brown, white and bull, Siltstone: grey, coarse grained, very (l832.2-1852.9) bioclastic, fossiliferous micaceous, slightly calcareous; Shale: grey, calcareous, micromicaceous siltstone: grey, micaceous Shale: dark grey, silty, micromicaceous 6079-6115 Limestone: bull-grey, white, grey-brown, (1852.9-1863.9) bioclastic, fossiliferous, micro- to 4266-5192 Shale: dark grey to black, micromica- fine- grai ned (l300.3-1582.5) ceous; some thinly interbedded siltstone Headless Member (Thickness: 25.3 m!83 ft.) 6115-6198 Limestone: as above, silty and argil DEVONIAN (J 863.9-1889.2) laceous; some shale: grey, silty, calcareous, micromicaceous Thickness: 706.8 m (2319 ft.) Horn River Group Landry Formation Thickness: 188.1 m (617 ft.) Top at 1580.7 m (5186 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 17.7 m (58 f I.) Canol Formation 6198-6256 Limestone: brown ("chocolate") and bull Top at 1274.1 m (4180 ft.) (1889.2-1906.8) ("fudge"), aphanilic and pelletal Thickness: 52.1 m (J 71 ft.) 5192-5313 Shale: brown-black, bi tuminous, hard, Arnica Formation (J582.5-1619.4) siliceous; some pyrite; some chert: brown, dolomitic; some black shell Top at 1598.4 m (5244 ft.) below sea level fragments; trace "beefy" calcite; Thickness: 29.0 m (95 ft.) trace dolomite: brown, siliceous 6256-6351 Dolomite: bull to brown, very fine 5313-5363 Shale: very dark brown-grey and black, ( 1906.8-1935.8) crystalline, sucrosic; in part anhydrilic (J 619.4-1634.6) bituminous near base Hare Indian Formation Fort Norman Formation Top at 1326.2 m (4351 ft.) below sea level Top at 1627.3 m (5339 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 135.9 m (446 ft.) Thickness: 353.6 m (J 160 fl.) Black shale member 6351-7511 Anhydrite: generally buff and pale buff; (Thickness: 121.6 m! 399 ft.) (J 935.8-2289.4) some interbedded dolomite, especially in lower 150 feet (45.7 m) 99 Borehole Depth leet (m) Lithology 54. K-14 CAMBRIAN-SILURIAN Log of Candel Fort Norman K-14 Location: 64 °53'42"N, 125°18'08"W Ronning Group Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 115.5 m (379 ft.) Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; Thickness: 443.5 m (1455 It.) depth adjusted to sonic log. Mount Kindle Formation Borehole Depth feet (m) Lithology Top at 1980.9 m (6499 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 23.8 m (78 ft.) 7511-7589 Dolomite: buff, fine and medium crystal MESOZOIC AND (?)TERTIARY (2289.4-2313. Jl line, in part pyritic Thickness: 676.0 m (2218 ft.) Basal beds (Lower Cretaceous ?) FrankJin Mountain Formation 2150-2210 Poor samples - mainly shale Top at 2004.7 m (6577 ft.) below sea level (655.3-673.6) Thickness: 419.7 m (1377 ft.) 2210-2218 Probably a basal bed of sandstone: white Upper dolomite member (673.6-676.0) and some pale pink, line to very (Thickness: 13.7 m!45 ft.) coarse grained, very poorly sorted, quartzose and quartzitic 7589-7608 Dolomite: very pale buff-grey to white, (2313.1-2318.9) microsucrosic 7608-7634 Dolomite: pale buff to creamy white, CAMBRlAN-SILURIAN (2318.9-2326.8) trace pink, fine, medium and coarse crystalline; some shale: green, green Ronning Group grey, waxy, in part filling porosity FrankJin Mountain Formation Cherty member (Thickness: 177.4 m!582 ft.) Top at 560.5 m (1839 ft.) below sea level Thickness: >180.4 m (>592 It.) 7634-7680 Dolomite: pale buff, very line crystalline; (2326.8-2340.9) some chert: white and dear quartz Cherty member 7680-8216 Dolomite: pale buff to creamy white, 2218-2250 Abundant chert: white; some dolomite: (2340.9-2504.2) buff, pink, very fine, fine medium and (676.0-685.8) secondary pYrite; possibly partly coarse crystalline; traces shale: green, dissolved beds at paleo-erosion surface waxy, in part filling porosity; trace chert: white; dolomite grades 2250-2810 Dolomite: buff to creamy white, very downward to pale buff, buff, grey (685.8-856.5) fine to medium crystalline; some buff, pink, some green, very fine to chert: white; in upper part, evidence medium crystalline; trace chert: of leaching, and quartz sand grains and white traces green shale; dolomite grades downward to mainly buff, grey-buff, Rhythmic member brown, traces of pink and pale green (Thickness: 189.0 m!620 ft.) colouring, very fine and fine crystalline; trace shale: green, waxy; 8216-8836 Dolomite: grey-buff, brown, pale buff, trace quartz crystals and chert: pale (2504.2-2693.2) white, microcrystalline, very fine, and buff and white, ooli tic fine crystalline; at 8450-8460 feet (2575.6-2578.6 m) one fragment of Total depth: 856.5 m oolitic chert; dolomite grades downward to brown, buff, grey, micro and very fine-crystalline Cyclic member (Thickness: 39.6 m! 130 ft.) 8836-8966 Dolomite: grey-brown, grey-buff, micro 55. K-24 (2693.2-2732.8) crystalline, in part argillaceous Shale: brown-grey, dolomitic Log of Ashland Tedji Lake K-24 Location: 67°43'38"N, 126°49'56"W Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 346.9 m (1138 ft.) Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; CAMBRIAN depth adjusted to sonic log. Saline River Formation Top at 2424.4 m (7954 ft.) below sea level DEVONIAN Thickness: >13.4 m (>44 ft.) Thickness: 170.4 m (559 ft.) Upper clastic member Landry Formation 8966-9010 Shale: maroon, grey-green, dolomi tic (2732.8-2746.2) Top at 306.6 m (1006 ft.) above sea level Thickness: 124.4 m (408 ft.) Total depth: 2746.2 m 132-540 Limestone: buff to pale buff, mostly (40.2-164.6) aphanitic 100 Borehole Depth Borehole Depth feet (m) Lithology feet (m) Lithology Arnica Formation Top at 182.3 m (598 ft.) above sea level Thickness: 46.0 m (151 ft.) 3050-3210 Shale: maroon, green, grey-green, purple, (929.6-978.4) brown; some interbedded dolomite: 540-640 Dolomite: buff to brown, very fine pale buff to pale grey, micro (164.6-195.1) crystalline and microcrystalline crystalline to aphanitic; trace anhydrite ~40-691 Dolomite: pale buff to grey-buff and H 95.0-210.6} grey, microcrystalline to aphanitic Salt member (Thickness: 51.2 m!J68 ft.) 3210-3378 Halite CAMBRIAN-SILURIAN (978.4-1029.6) Ronning Group Lower clastic member (Thickness: 24.1 m!79 ft.) Thickness: 719.0 m (2359 ft.) 3378-3457 Shale: grey-green, olive-green, grey Mount Kindle Formation (1029.6-1053.7) Dolomite: grey-buff to grey Anhydrite: pale grey and pale buff to Top at 136.2 m (447 ft.) above sea level white Thickness: 94.5 m {310 ft.} 691-960 Dolomite: pale buff, some pale grey-buff, Mount Cap Formation (210.6-292.6) mostly very fine crystalline, some microcrystalline and fine crystalline; Top at 706.8 m (2319 ft.) below sea level grades downward to pale buff, pale Thickness: 88.1 m (289 ft.) grey, very fine and fine crystalline with intercrystalline porosity Member f (Thickness: 3.4 m/I I ft.) 960-1001 Dolomite: buff to brown, very fine to (292.6-305.1 ) fine crystalline, tight 3457-3468 Shale: black and green (1053.7-1057.0) FrankIin Mountain Formation Member e (Thickness: 15.8 m/52 ft.) Top at 41.8 m (137 ft.) above sea level Thickness: 624.5 m (2049 ft.) 3468-3520 Dolomite: brown, very fine and fine (l057.0-1072.9) crystalline; some medium crystalline Cherty member (Thickness: 429.5 m!t409 ft.) Member d (Thickness: 21.3 m/70 ft.) 1001-2410 Dolomite: white to pale grey and pale {305.1-734.6} buff, medium and coarse crystalline; 3520-3590 Shale: black and green; some dolomite: as some chert (1001-1140 ft./305.1 (l072.9-1094.2) above 347.5 m, very much chert, some after oolite); at top some shale: green, and Member c some intercrystalline green clay and (Thickness: 9.8 m/32 ft.) trace pyrite; dolomite grades down ward through very fine, fine and 3590-3622 Dolomite: brown, very fine and fine medium crystalline to pale buff to (1094.2-1104.0) crystalline; some medium crystalline pale grey, some micro- and very fine crystalline, some fine, medium and Member b coarse crystalline and in parts some (Thickness: 16.8 m/55 ft.) chert 3622-3677 Shale: dark grey-green, slightly dolomitic Rhythmic member (1104.0-1120.7) (Thickness: 112.8 m!370 ft.) Member a 2410-2780 Dolomite: mostly pale buff and pale grey, (Thickness: 21.0 m/69 ft.) (734.6-847.3) some grey-buff, micro- and very fine crystalline; trace green shale and clay 3677-3706 Shale: as above; interbedded with and pale green colouring (1120.7-1129.6) Dolomite: brown, fine, medium and coarse crystalline Cyclic member (Thickness: 82.3 m!270 ft.) 3706-3726 Dolomite: brown and dark brown, fine, (1129.6-1 135.7} medium and coarse crystalline; some 2780-2997 Dolomite: buff to grey and brown, mostly glauconite pellets (847.3-913.5) microcrystalline to aphanitic and argillaceous; increasing amounts 3726-3744 Shale: dark grey-green and olive-green, in downward of interbedded (JJ35.7-1141.2) part splintery to flaky, in part waxy Shale: grey, brown-grey, green, grey, slightly dolomitic 3744-3746 Dolomite: brown to pale buff, fine and (l141.2-1141.8) medium crystalline; some glauconite 2997-3050 Dolomite: grey to buff and brown, micro (913.5-929.6) crystalline to aphanitic, in part argillaceous; interbedded Mount Clark Formation Shale: green to grey-green Top at 794.9 m (2608 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 5.5 m (18 ft.) CAMBRIAN 3746-3747 Sandstone: brown, fine grained, poorly (l141.8-1142.1) sorted, in part siJty, quartzosej some Saline River Formation sand: medium and coarse grained, quartz, subrounded Top at 582.8 m (1912 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 124.1 m (407 ft.) 101 Borehole Depth Borehole Depth leet (m) Lithology leet (m) Lithology 3747-3751 Siltstone: white to buff, mostly coarse Arnica Formation (l142.1-1143.3) grained, siliceous, slightly dolomitic Top at 322.8 m (1059 ft.) above sea level 3751-3764 Sandstone: mostly brown, very fine Thickness: 176.2 m (578 ft.) (l143.3-1147.3) grained, silty, quartzose, oil-stained; samples contain some sand: medium -780-1260 Dolomite: mainly buff, very fine crystal and coarse grained, quartz, rounded; (-237.7-384.0) line, some fine crystalline, sucrosic, 37521eet (I 143.6 m) (R) sidewall core intercrystalline porosity; some - shale: dark green with traces dolomite: buff, microcrystalline with sandstone, dolomite and anhydrite pinpoint porosity (Note: sample 3760-3770 ft./1146.0 1260-1358 Samples missing 1149.1 m, is 40-50% dolomite: pale grey (384.0-413.9) and pale buff, aphanitic; this constitutes an average 01 10% of the deeper borehole samples) Fort Norman Formation Top at 146.6 m (481 ft.) above sea level Thickness: 271.9 m (892 ft.) PROTEROZOIC l358-1550 Samples missing Shale unit (413.9-472.4) Top at 800.4 m (2626 ft.) below sea level 1550-1610 Dolomite and anhydrite - possibly much Thickness: >65.8 m (>216 ft.) (472.4-490.7) breccia 3764-3797 Siltstone: maroon, coarse grained, hard, 1610-2010 Samples missing (l147.3-1157.3) siliceous, in part argillaceous (490.7-612.6) Shale: maroon, purple-brown, olive-green, grey-green, mostly hard, in part silty 2010-2020 Dolomite and anhydrite: as above (612.6-615.7) 3797-3980 Siltstone: grey to dark brown-grey, coarse {I 157.3-1213.1) grained, siliceous, grading to and 2020-2250 Samples missing thinly interbedded with (615.7-685.8) Sandstone: very line grained, silty, siliceous Arnica Platform Some very thinly interlaminated shale: black Top at 125.3 m (411 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 204.2 m (670 It.) Total depth: 1213.1 m 2250-2670 Samples missing (685.8-813.8) 2670-2920 Dolomite: dark grey to grey-buff, very (813.8-890.0) fine and fine crystalline; much veining Delorme Group 56. K-29 Top at 329.5 m (l081 ft.) below sea level Log of Amoco Red Dog K-29 Thickness: >1258.8 m (>4130 ft.) Location: 64 °08'43"N, 125 0 34'55"W Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 560.5 m (l839 ft.) 2920-2970 Very poor samples Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; (890.0-905.3) depth adjusted to sonic log. 2970-3350 Dolomite: grey-buff to pale buff, micro (905.3-1021.1) crystalline Anhydrite: pale buff DEVONIAN 3350-3400 Dolomite: buff, microcrystalline, micro Thickness: >2148.8 m (>7050 ft.) (1021.1- l036.3) sucrosic Hume Formation 3400-5460 Anhydrite and dolomite: mainly pale (1036.3-1664.2) bufl, microcrystalline, very line and Top at 560.5 m (l839 It.) above sea level line crystalline; some zones of buff Thickness: 33.5 m (110ft.) grey to dark brown-grey and, very rare, pale green colouring of dolomi te Headless Member 5460-6330 Dolomite: buff-grey, grey-buff to pale 0-50 Samples missing (1664.2-1929.4) buff with rare, slightly green colouring (0-15.2) and very rare pink, mainly micro crystalline; some anhydrite in upper 50-110(5) Looks like limestone: bioclastic, fossili part decreasing downward to trace, {I 5.2-33.5) ferous except some at 6275-6285 feet (1912.6-1915.7 m) Landry Formation Tsetso Formation Top at 527.0 m (l729 ft.) above sea level (Morrow, 1987) Thickness: 204.2 m (670 ft.) 6330-6471 Dolomite: mainly grey-buff, microcry 110(5)--640 Limestone: dark brown to dark grey and (l929.4-1972.4) stalline; some anhydrite (33.5~195.1) grey-buff, micrograined to aphanitic; trace pellets 6471-6567 Dolomite: dark brown-grey, microcry- (1972.4-2001.6) stalline, argillaceous; grading to -640~780 Limestone: grey-buff and brown, micro dolomite: black, argillaceous; some H95.k237.7) grained, dolomitic pyrite; oil y odour Dolomite: buff, very fine crystalline 102 Borehole Depth Borehole Depth feet (m) Lithology feet (m) Lithology 6567-6685 Dolomite: buff to dark buff-grey, micro Mount Cap Formation (2001.6-2037.6) crystalline, in part argillaceous Top at 380.1 m (1247 ft.) below sea level 6685-7050 Dolomite: pale to dark buff-grey, micro Thickness: 96.3 m (316 ft.) (2037.6-2148.8) crystalline; some anhydrite Member g Total depth: 2148.8 m (Thickness: 4.0 m/ 13 ft.) 2451-2460 Samples missing (747.1-749.8) 2460-2464 Dolomite: brown, medium crystalline (749.8-751.0) 57. K-44 Member f (Thickness: 10.4 m/34 ft.) Log of Union Stopover K-44 Location: 67°33'31"N, 123°38'32"W 2464-2498 Shale: dark green to dark grey-green, Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 367.0 m (1204 ft.) (751.0-761.4) some very dark grey to black Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; depth adjusted to density log. Members d and e (Thickness: 22.8 m/75 ft.) (Overlain by surficial deposits of igneous, 2498-2573 Dolomite: brown, medium crystalline metamorphic and dolomitic rocks) (761.4-784.3) Siltstone: grey, brown, pale green-grey, dolomi tic, in part glauconitic Shale: dark green to dark grey-green to black CAMBRIAN-SILURIAN Member c Ronning Group (Thickness: 15.8 m/52 ft.) Franklin Mountain Formation 2573-2625 Dolomite: brown, some buff, mostly (784.3-800.1) medium crystalline; some thinly Top at 315.2 m (1034 ft.) above sea level interbedded shale: green; at 2613 Thickness: 512.7 m (1682 ft.) 2625 feet (796.4-800.1 m), dolomite: in part argillaceous and interbedded with Cherty member shale: dark grey-brown, dolomi tic (Thickness: 203.6 m/668 ft.) Member b 170-630 Dolomite: very pale buff, very pale grey, (Thickness: 15.8 m/52ft.) (51.8-192.0) milky white, some pale buff and pale grey, very fine, fine, medium and 2625-2631 Siltstone: grey to buff and brown, in part coarse crystalline; some micro (800.1-80 I.9) very dolomitic, grading to crystalline; some chert: white to very Dolomite, in part highly glauconitic, in pale buff; trace pyrite throughout part argillaceous; grading to Shale: silty, very micaceous 630-838(R) Samples missing (no returns) (192.0-255.4) 2631-2677 Shale: interlaminated dark grey-green and (80 I.9-815.9) very dark grey, in part very micaceous Rhythmic member Siltstone: green-grey to pale grey, very (Thickness: 222.5 m/730 ft.) micaceous, slightly glauconitic 838(R)-l568(R) Samples missing (no returns) Member a (255.4-447.9) (Thickness: 27.4 m/90 ft.) Cyclic member 2677-2767 Siltstone: pale buff, pink-buff, some (Thickness: 86.6 m/284 ft.) (815.9-843.4) brick-red, mostly glauconitic and micaceous, in part sandy; grading to 1568(R)-1852 Samples missing (no returns) Sandstone: very silty 447.9-564.5) Probably some shaly interbeds Mount Clark Formation CAMBRIAN Top at 476.4 m (1563 ft.) below sea level Saline River Formation Thickness: 24.4 m (80 ft.) Top at 197.5 m (648 ft.) below sea level 2767-2847 (R) core - sandstone: red, white, pink, Thickness: 182.6 m (599 ft.) (843.4-867.8) fine and medium grained, quartzose, rounded Upper clastic member (Thickness: 83.8 m/275 ft.) 1852-2127 Samples missing PROTEROZOIC (564.5-648.3) Dolomite unit Salt member (Thickness: 55.2 m/181 ft.) Top at 500.8 m (1643 ft.) below sea level Thickness: >74.7 m (>245 ft.) 2127-2308 Samples missing (648.3-703.5) 2847-2900 Dolomite: pink, some pale grey, micro (867.8-883.9) crystalline, tight, in part siliceous; Lower clastic member 2880-2900 feet (877.8-883.9 m) some (Thickness: 43.6 m/I 43 ft.) shale: green, splintery 2308-2451 Samples missing (703.5-747.1) lOj Borehole Depth Borehole Depth feet(m) Lithology feet (m) Lithology 2900-2970 Dolomite: grey to pale grey and buff, Canol Formation (883.9-905.3) microcrystalline and aphanitic, in part argillaceous; grading to Top at 980.8 m (3218 ft.) below sea level Shale: grey, very dolomitic Thickness: 65.2 m (214 ft.) Some oolite structures 3716-3815 Shale: black, bi tuminous, in part siliceous; 2970-3000 Dolomite: buff to brown and grey, micro (l132.6-1l62.8) some pyrite (905.3-914.4) crystalline, in part aphanitic and argillaceous 3815-3930 Shale: very dark grey to black, fissile, (1l62.8-1l97.9) bituminous; trace pyrite 3000-3092 Dolomite: pale buff, pale grey, some pink (914.4-942.4) and pale green, microcrystalline and aphanitic, in part argillaceous; some Hare Indian Formation shale: pale green, dark green, olive green, waxy; trace chert: pale green, Top at 1046.1 m (3432 ft.) below sea level pale buff; 3050-3060 feet (929.6 Thickness: 124.7 m (409 ft.) 932.7 m) dolomite, mostly pink Black shale member Total depth: 942.4 m (Thickness: 107.0 m/351 ft.) 3930-4152 Shale: brown-black, hard, siliceous; trace (1997.9-1265.5) pyrite 4152-4281 Shale: brown-black, bi tuminous, micro (1265.5-1304.8) micaceous Bluefish Member 58. K-71 (Thickness: 17.7 m!58 ft.) Log of C.S. Bluefish K-71 4281-4339 Shale: brown-black, bituminous, variably Location: 64°50'30"N, 125°59'30"W (1304.8-1322.5) calcareous; trace pyrite; at base some Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 151.8 m (498 ft.) limestone: black and whi te, Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; bituminous, argillaceous depth adjusted to sonic log. Hume Formation MESOZOIC Top at 1170.7 m (3841 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 136.9 m (449 ft.) Thickness: 435.5 m (1428 ft.) Basal beds (Lower Cretaceous ?) Upper member (Thickness: 55.8 m!183 ft.) -2018 (-615.0 Shale: very dark grey, flaky to splintery, mi~romicaceous 4339-4522 Limestone: buff, white, brown, micro- to (1322.5-1378.3) fine-grained, biodastic 2018-2028 Sandstone: weathered rusty, fine grained, (615.1-618.0 very micaceous, in bentonitic clay Middle member matrix (Devonian regolith ?) (Thickness: 45.4 m/149 ft.) 4522-4642 Limestone: grey-buff, white, brown, (1378.3-1414.9) aphanitic to micrograined, in part UPPER DEVONIAN argillaceous Shale: grey, brown-grey, calcareous, Imperial Formation micromicaceous Top at 466.3 m (1530 ft.) below sea level 4642-4671 Limestone: grey-buff to white, micro Thickness: 514.5 m (1688 ft.) (1414.9-1423.7) grained 2028-2039 Sandstone: pale green-grey, very fine Headless Member (618.1-621.5) grained, silty, micaceous, partly (Thickness: 35.7 m!117 ft.) weathered rusty 4671-4788 Limestone: grey-buff, brown, white, 2039~2580 Siltstone: pale green-grey, coarse grained, (1423.7-1459.4) micrograined to fine grained, bio (621.5~786.4) micaceous; siltstone: grey, argil clastic, in part argillaceous; some laceous, micromicaceous, grading to shale: dark grey, splintery, calcareous Shale: grey, green-grey, silty, micro micaceous Sandstone: pale green-grey, very fine Landry Formation grained, silty, micaceous Traces rusty colouring throughout Top at 1307.6 m (4290 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 36.3 m (119 ft.) -2580-3716 Shale: dark grey, micromicaceous; rare (-786.4-1132.6) siltstone: green-grey 4788-4907 Limestone: brown, buff, white, dark (1459.4-1495.7) brown, in part aphanitic, in part micro- to fine-grained, pelletal DEVONIAN Arnica Formation Thickness: >442.3 m (> 1451 ft.) Top at 1343.9 m (4409 ft.) below sea level Horn River Group Thickness: 25.3 m (83 ft.) Thickness: 189.9 m (623 ft.) 4907-4990 Dolomite: buff and pale buff, micro- to (1495.7-1521.0) very fine-crystalline, sucrosic 104 Borehole Depth Borehole Depth feet(m) Lithology feet (m) Lithology Fort Norman Formation 3140-3250 Dolomite: brick-red to pale buff, micro (957.1-990.6) crystalline to aphanitic Top at 1369.2 m (4492 ft.) below sea level Shale: brick-red to purple-brown, trace Thickness: >53.9 m (> 177 ft.) pale green, in part dolomitic Sandstone: varicoloured, quartzose, 4990-5167 Anhydrite dolomitic, in part quartzitic (1521.0-1574.9) Some anhydrite: pink and pale buff Total depth: 1574.9 m 3250-3374 Dolomite: pale buff, microcrystalline; (990.6-1028.4) some anhydrite: white, pink; some interbedded shale: brick-red 3374-3479 Anhydrite and dolomite: pale buff, pale (1028.4-1060.4) purple to pink and pale green, micro crystalline to aphanitic, in part 59. K-76 argillaceous Log of Sinclair Whitefish River K-76 3479-3725 Dolomite: maroon to pale purple, brick Location: 65°35'32"N,124°29'16"W (1060.4-1135.4) red, pale buff, pale green, aphanitic Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 241.4 m (792 ft.) and microcrystalline Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; Shale: brick-red, purple-brown, pale depth adjusted to sonic log. green, dolomitic, increasing in amount downward Trace of siltstone and sandstone: varicoloured MESOZOIC Thickness: 517.6 m (1698 ft.) Basal beds (Lower Cretaceous ?) CAMBRIAN-SILURIAN 2550-2668 Sandstone: pale buff, fine to very coarse Ronning Group (777.2-813.2) grained, very poorly sorted, quartzose Shale: very dark grey, splintery, some Thickness: 370.6 m (1216 ft.) black, carbonaceous At the base, some coal Mount Kindle Formation Top at 894.0 m (2933 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 140.5 m (461 ft.) DEVONIAN Thickness: 322.2 m (1057 ft.) Landry Formation 3725-4010 Dolomite: buff and pale buff, micro- and (1135.4-1222.3) very fine-crystalline; trace chert: Top at 571.8 m (1876 ft.) below sea level pale buff Thickness: 7.9 m (26 ft.) Lower dark member 2668-2694 Limestone: grey-brown to buff and white, (Thickness: 50.6 m/l66 ft.) (813.2-821.1) micrograined, some pelletal, in part dolomitic 4010-4176 Dolomite: as above, little colour change (1222.3-1272.8) noticeable - top from sonic log cor Arnica Formation relation Top at 579.7 m (1902 ft.) below sea level Basal member Thickness: 109.4 m (359 ft.) (Thickness: 3.1 m/lO ft.) 2694-2794 Dolomite: buff to brown, some pale buff, 4176-4186 Dolomite: as above, and siltstone: pale (821.1-851.6) almost "earthy" texture, micro- (1272.8-1275.9) buff, coarse grained, dolomitic crystalline 2794-2870 Dolomite: pale buff, microcrystalline Franklin Mountain Formation (851.6-874.8) Top at 1034.5 m (3394 ft.) below sea level 2870-3053 Dolomite: buff and brown, micro- to very Thickness: 230.1 m (755 ft.) (874.8-930.6) fine-crystalline, sucrosic; in the lower part, some dolomite: grey-buff, micro Rhythmic member crystalline to aphanitic, anhydritic (Thickness: 214.6 m!704 ft.) Fort Norman Formation 4186-4300 Dolomite: pale grey to pale buff and (1275.9-1310.6) creamy white, fine, medium and Top at 689.2 m (2261 ft.) below sea level coarse crystalline; some pale green Thickness: 14.3 m (47 ft.) patches; some pyrite; trace shale: green, waxy 3053-3100 Anhydrite (930.6-944.9) -4300-4425 Dolomite: pale buff to pale grey, pale (-1310.6-1348.7) green-grey and milky white, micro Tsetso Formation and very fine-crystalline; some shale: pale green, waxy Top at 703.5 m (2308 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 190.5 m (625 ft.) 4425-4630 Dolomite: creamy white to very pale (1348.7-1411.2) grey and pale buff with some green 3100-3140 Dolomite: pale buff, pale grey-green, pale patches, micro- to fine-crystalline, (944.9-957.1) grey, microcrystalline to aphanitic, in some medium and coarse crystalline; part very sandy; grading to some shale: pale grey-green Sandstone: pale grey, pale green, pink, very poorly sorted, quartzose, dolomitic Shale: pale green, in part dolomi tic Trace anhydrite 105 Borehole Depth Borehole Depth feet (m) Lithology feet (m) Lithology -4630~4890 Dolomite: pale bull to pink, some pale 2220-2290 (Overlain by shale). H41 J.2~1490.5) purple, trace pale green, micro (676.7-698.0) Sandstone: fine to medium grained, poorly crystalline to aphanitic; some shale: sorted, quartz!chert, siliceous, in part pale green and pale purple with black shale matrix, in part pyritic Shale: black, sandy; some chert fragments Cyclic member (pebbles?) at top; some siltstone: dark (Thickness: 15.5 m/51 ft.) brown, sandy -4890-4941 Dolomite: grey-buff to dark grey-brown, (-1490.5-1506.0) microcrystalline, in part argillaceous; some shale: buff-grey and grey, CAMBR1AN dolomitic, in part grading to dolomite: very argillaceous Mount Cap Formation Top at 435.3 m (1428 ft.) below sea level CAMBRIAN Thickness: >595.0 m (>1952 ft.) Saline River Formation 2290-2486 Shale: grey, slightly dolomitic, flaky; (698.0-757.7) some shale: pale. green, slightly Top at 1264.6 m (4149 ft.) below sea level dolomitic Thickness: 72.8 m (239 ft.) Dolomite: brown to buff and white, microcrystalline, siliceous and with quartz veins; at 2392-2398 feet (729.1-730.9 m), dolomite: dark grey brown, argillaceous and sit ty 49/j 1-5060 Shale: green, maroon, brown, purple, (1506.0-1542.3) grey-green, olive-green; interbedded 2486-4230 Shale: grey-green to grey and brown, in Dolomite: grey-buff, microcrystalline {757.7-1289.3) part slightly dolomitic, in part very micromicaceous, and in part sit ty; rare Salt member dolomite: brown, microcrystalline, (Thickness: 17.7 m/58 ft.) argillaceous; rare sit tstone: brown, grey-green, argillaceous; 3233 5060-5118 Dolomite: grey-buff, microcrystalline 3255 feet (985.4-992.1 m) - Middle (1542.3-1560.0) and aphanitic, in part anhydritic Cambrian, (W.H. Fritz, Geological Anhydrite: white, pale buff, trace pink Survey of Canada, Paper 70-15, p. 18) Lower clastic member Total depth: 1293.0 m (Thickness: 18.9 m/62 ft.) 5118-5180 Shale: maroon, purple, green, olive-green, (1560.0-1578.9) brown Dolomite: pale buff-grey to grey-brown, microcrystalline Mount Cap Formation 61. L-21 Top at 1337.5 m (4388 ft.) below sea level Thickness: >28.0 m (>92 ft.) Log of Pex N. Colville L-21 Location: 67°40'37"N, 126°05'37"W Members d and e Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 308.8 m (1013 ft.) (Thickness: 12.2 m/40 ft.) Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; depth adjusted to sonic log. 5180-5220 Siltstone: whi te to pale grey, coarse (1578.9-1591.1) grained, slightly dolomitic; some siltstone: grey, siliceous Shale: grey-green, maroon, in part glau coni tic CAMBRIAN-SILURIAN Trace dolomi te: brown and whi te, oolitic; in part glauconitic Ronning Group Member c Thickness: 821.4 m (2695 ft.) (Thickness: >I 5.8 m!> 52 ft.) MOWlt Kindle Formation 5220-5272 Siltstone: white to grey and pale bull, (J591.1-1606.9) coarse grained and fine grained, Top at 287.4 m (943 ft.) above sea level dolomitic, in part highly glauconitic Thickness: 156.4 m (513 ft.) (some 50-90% concentrations) Dolomite: buff to grey and brown, 70(S}-430 Dolomite: buff and pale buff, micro- and siliceous (21.3-131.1) very fine-crystalline, some fine crysta11ine, in part with vuggy porosity Total depth: 1606.9 m 430-550 Dolomite: very pale grey-buff to pale (131.1-167.6) grey, very fine crystalline; trace pyrite 550-583 Dolomite: buff with some grey mottling, (167.6-177.7) fine crystalline; trace chert 60. L-04 Log of Shell Keele River L-04 FrankJin Mountain Formation Location: 64 °23'37"N, 125°0I'43"W Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 262.7 m (862 ft.) Top at 131.1 m (430 ft.) above sea level Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; Thickness: 665.1 m (2182 ft.) depth adjusted to sonic log. Cherty member (Thickness: 322.2 m/l 057 ft.) MESOZOIC AND TERTIARY Thickness: 698.0 m (2290 ft.) Basal beds (Lower Cretaceous ?) 106 Borehole Depth Borehole Depth feet (m) Lithology feet (m) Lithology 583~1640 Dolomite: pale buff to pale grey and Member d (l77.7~99.9) white, fine, medium and coarse (Thickness: 21.0 m/69 ft.) crystalline; some chert thrOUghout; abundant chert, milky white, and some 3500-3530 Interbedded dolomite and shale. quartz, at 640-670 feet 095.1 (\066.8-1 07 5.9) Dolomite: as above 204.2 m) and 690-730 feet (210.3 Shale: olive-green, pale green 222.5 m) 3530-3569 Siltstone: pale grey, pale buff, pale green, Rhythmic member (1075.9-1087.8) in part coarse grained, dolomitic; (Thickness: 263.7 m!865 ft.) some shale: dark green and black; some dolomite: brown, very fine, fine -1640-2505 Dolomite: buff, grey, in parts pale buff and medium crystalline, in part si! ty (-499.9-763.5) and pale grey to white, some grey to brown, micro- and very fine-crystal Member c line, in parts fine and medium (Thickness: 9.8 m/32 ft.) crystaJJine 3569-3601 Dolomite: mostly brown, very fine, fine Cyclic member (\087.8-1097.6) and medium crystalline (Thickness: 79.2 m!260 ft.) Member b 2505-2536 Dolomite: buff, pale buff, brown, grey, (Thickness: 20.7 m/68 ft.) (763.5-773.0) microcrystaJJine, in part argillaceous; grading to 3601-3669 Shale: dark brown to dark grey, some dark Shale: dolomitic (\ 097.6-11 18.3) red-brown, slightly dolomitic, very micromicaceous 2536-2580 Dolomite: pale grey to pale buff and (773.0-786.4) whi te, microcrystalline, some fine and Member a very fine crystalline (Thickness: 27.7 m/91 ft.) 2580-2716 Dolomite: grey-buff to grey and some 3669-3683 Siltstone: grey to buff, in part very (786.4-827.8) dark grey-brown, microcrystalline to (\18.3-1122.6) micromicaceous, some white, coarse aphanitic, argiJJaceous; some shale: grained, glauconitic very dark grey, dolomitic Dolomite: brown, fine and medium crystaJJine 2716-2765 Dolomite: as above (827.8-842.8) Shale: brown-grey to very dark grey and 3683-3693 Shale: black, micromicaceous some green-grey, dolomitic; traces of (1122.6-1125.6) micropyrite 3685-3760 Cored {\ 123.2-1 146.0 CAMBRIAN 3693-3706(R} Shale: pale green and black; some sand 0125.6-1129.6) stone: pale green, very fine grained Saline River Formation 3706-3709(R) Dolomite: dark brown, very fine crystal Top at 534.0 m (\752 ft.) below sea level {\ 129.6-1 130.5) line, vuggy Thickness: 203.0 m (666 ft.) 3709-3712(R) Sandstone: pale brown, very fine grained, Upper clastic member {\ 130.5-1 131.4) slightly dolomitic (Thickness: 49.7 m/l63 ft.) 3712-3717(R) Dolomite: dark brown-grey, very fine to 2765-2928 Shale: maroon, green, purple, brown and (\131.4-1132.9) medium crystalline, vuggy; some (842.8-892.5) black; some dolomite: pale buff, anhydrite microcrystaJJine to aphanitic; trace anhydrite 3717-3747(R) Dolomite: glauconitic (1132.9-1142.1) Sandstone: very fine grained, glauconitic Salt member (Thickness: 134.7 m!442 ft.) 3747-3760(R) Sandstone: very fine grained and fine 0142.1-1146.0 grained, glauconitic, in part silty and 2928-3370 Halite shaly; some interbedded shale: green, (892.5-1027.2» maroon Lower clastic member (Thickness: 18.6 m!61 ft.) Mount Clark Formation 3370-3431 (Very poor samples) - possibly shale, Top at 837.3 m (2747 ft.) below sea level 0027.2-1045.8) dolomite and anhydrite Thickness: 13.4 m (44 ft.) 3760-3804 Shale: maroon, in part very silty and hard; Mount Cap Formation (1146.1-1159.5) some shale: pale green, waxy Orthoquartzlte: pale grey to maroon, in Top at 737.0 m (2418 ft.) below sea level part argitJaceous; trace sand: medium Thickness: 100.3 m (329 ft.) and coarse grained Member f (Thickness: 14.0 m/46 ft.) PROTEROZOIC 3431-3477 (Poor samples). Shale: dark green and (\045.8-1059.8) black, in part slightly dolomitic Shale unit Member e Top at 850.7 m (2791 ft.) below sea level (Thickness: 7.0 m/23 ft.) Thickness: >35.7 m (> 117 ft.) 3477-3500 Chert: brown, dark brown, grey-buff 3804-3900 Siltstone: grey and brown, in part (\059.8-1066.8) (chert mainly at top) {\159.5-1188.7} argillaceous; grading to Dolomite: brown, buff, some pale buff, in Silty shale: in part sandy and hard; part medium crystaJJine, in part grading to microcrystaJJine Sandstone: grey, silly, hard; some ortho quartzite 107 Borehole Depth Borehole Depth feet (m) Lithology feet (m) Lithology 3900-3921 Samples missing Grey shale member (1188.7-1195.0 (Thickness: 144.8 m!475 ft.) Total depth: 1195.1 m 1010-1485 Shale: buff-grey, calcareous, very mica (307.8-452.6) ceous; some ironstone: buff Bluefish Member (Thickness: 14.3 m!47 ft.) 1485-1532 Shale: black, slightly calcareous, bi tu (452.6-467.0) minous, with spores and shell 62. L-28 impressions; in lower part some limestone: brown, shaly, bituminous Log of Imperial Seepage Lake No. lA Location: 65° 17'40"N, 126°50'24"W Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 68.3 m (224 ft.) Hume Formation Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; depth adjusted to electric log. Top at 398.7 m (1308 ft.) below sea level Thickness: >31.7 m (> 104 ft.) 1532-1630 Limestone: pale buff, some brown, micro UPPER DEVONIAN (467.0-496.8) grained, in part bioclastic Imperial Formation Total depth: 498.7 m Top at 48.5 m (159 ft.) above sea level Thickness: 176.5 m (579 ft.) ?65-644 Shale: dark grey, micromicaceous (? 19.8-196.3) 63. L-57 DEVONIAN Log of Imperial Goose Island No. 20 L-57 Location: 65°16'34"N, 126°56'10"W Thickness: >302.4 m (>992 ft.) Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 46.9 m (154 ft.) Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; Horn River Group depth adjusted to sonic log. Thickness: 270.7 m (888 ft.) Canol Formation MESOZOIC Top at 128.0 m (420 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 50.6 m (166 ft.) Thickness: 54.3 m (178 ft.) Samples missing 644-750 Shale: very dark grey to black; some (196.3-228.6) pyrite Limestone: very dark grey-brown, micro- grained, argillaceous, bituminous, UPPER DEVONIAN siliceous Imperial Formation 750-822 Shale: dark brown-grey, siliceous, trace (228.6-250.5) pyrite Top at 3.7 m (12 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 349.0 m (1145 ft.) - true vertical; depths (TVD) 166-1311 ft. (50.6-399.6 m) Ramparts Formation 200-1300 Samples missing Top at 182.3 m (598 ft.) below sea level (61.0-396.2) Thickness: 57.3 m (188 ft.) 1300-1578 Shale: dark to very dark grey, micro Platform/Reef equivalent (396.2-481.0) micaceous; some shale: grey-brown, (Thickness: 49.7 m!163 ft.) in part si! ty, micromicaceous 822-930 Shale: brown-grey, siliceous (250.5-283.5) Limestone: grey-brown, very fine grained, siliceous, argillaceous, DEVONIAN bituminous Shale: more siliceous downward, grading Horn River Group to argillaceous chert; some pyrite Thickness: >109.7 m (>360 ft.) 930-985 Limestone: brown, fine grained, argil TVD 1311-1671 ft. (399.6-509.3 m) (283.5-300.2) laceous, siliceous, bituminous Shale: dark brown-grey, siliceous (?)Canol Formation Some chert: brown; trace pyri te Top at 352.7 m (1157 ft.) below sea level Siltstone lentil Thickness: 41.5 m (I 36 ft.) - (Thickness: 7.6 m!25 ft.) TVD 1311-1447 ft. (399.6-441.0 m) 985-1010 Siltstone: buff-grey, coarse grained, very 1578-1622 Limestone: pale brown and brown, fine (300.2-307.8) calcareous, micaceous, grading in part (481.0-494.4) grained, slightly argillaceous; to very sit ty limestone; some shale: limestone: dark brown, micrograined, grey, calcareous, silty, micaceous argillaceous and slightly silty Shale: black, bi tuminous, micromicaceous Hare Indian Formation 1622-1647 Siltstone: dark brown, argillaceous, (494.4-502.0) bituminous, micaceous; siltstone: Top at 239.6 m (786 ft.) below sea level grey, coarse grained Thickness: 159.1 m (522 ft.) 108 Borehole Depth Boreho1e Depth feet (m) Lithology feet (m) Lithology 1647-1698 Shale: dark grey, siliceous; trace pyrite CAMBRIAN (502.0-517.6) Saline River Formation 1698-1742 Shale: brown-black, bi tuminous, non (517.6-531.0) calcareous, slightly siliceous, pyritic Top at 1144.2 m (3754 ft.) below sea level Thickness: >53.0 m (>174 ft.) Ramparts Formation Upper clastic member Top at 394.1 m (1293 ft.) below sea level 4240-4414 Siltstone: grey, buff, pink, dolomitic Thickness: >68.3 m (>224 ft.)- (1292.4-1345.4) Shale: pale green, maroon, dolomitic TVD 1447-1671 ft. (441.0-509.3 m) Total depth: 1345.4 m Reef member 1742-2012 Limestone: reef (531.0-613.3) Total depth: 613.3 m 65. M-04 Log of B.P. White M-04 Location: 65° 33'56"N, 123°46'30"W Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 210.9 m (692 ft.) Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; 64. L-66 depth adjusted to sonic log. Log of Candel Police Island L-66 Location: 64°45'38"N,125°12'57"W Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 148.1 m (486 ft.) MESOZOIC Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; depth adjusted to sonic log. Thickness: 400.5 m (1314 ft.) Basal beds (Lower Cretaceous ?) 1407-1464 (Overlain by sandstone, sittstone, shale) MESOZOIC AND TERTIARY (428.9-446.2) Shale: contains quartz: coarse to very coarse grained and larger Thickness: 943.1 m (3094 ft.) Basal beds (Lower Cretaceous ?) 3098-3124 (Overlain by sandstone) DEVONIAN (944.3-952.2) Conglomerate: of chert (white, in part oolitic), quartz, dolomite; some sand: Arnica Formation coarse grained to granules, quartz Top at 235.3 m (772 ft.) below sea level Thickness: >36.6 m (> 120 ft.) CAMBRJAN-Sn.URIAN 1464-1500 Dolomite: buff to pale buff, micro (446.2-457.2) crystalline, some pinpoint and micro ROlUling Group vuggy porosity FrankJin Mountain Formation -1500-1542 Dolomite: pale grey-buff to pale buff, (-457.2-470.0) microcrystalline to aphanitic; trace Top at 804. I m (2638 ft.) below sea level bitumen Thickness: 340.2 m (1116 ft.) 1542-1584 Dolomite: buff, microcrystalline, micro (?)Rhythmic member (470.0-482.8) sucrosic, some very fine crystalline; (Thickness: 209.7 m/688 ft.) some intercrystalline and microvuggy porosity 3124-3812 Limestone: brown-grey to pale grey-buff, (952.2- Jl61.9) micrograined, slightly argiJlaceous; Total depth: 482.8 m some doJomite: buff to whi te and pink, micro- and very fine-crystalline; some shale: red and green; grades downward to Dolomite: pale buff to white and pink, micro- to very fine-crystalline; dolomite: in part argillaceous, grading to 66. M-07 Shale: red, dolomitic Limestone: as above Log of B.P. Russe1 M-07 Location: 65°26'58"N,123°31'50"W Cyclic member Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 274.6 m (901 ft.) (Thickness: 130.5 m/428 ft.) Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; depth adjusted to sonic log. 3812-4240 Dolomite: grey-buff to pale buff, mostly (l161.9-J292.4) argillaceous, in part grading to dolomitic shale, and mostly calcareous; in part grading to MESOZOIC limestone: dolomitic, argillaceous; increasing amount downward of shale: Thickness: 433.7 m (1423 ft.) grey-green, dolomitic or calcareous; Basal beds (Lower Cretaceous ?) trace shale: red 1596-1613 (Overlajn by sandstone and shale) (486.5-491.6) Sand: very coarse grained and larger, quartz 109 Borehole Depth Borehole Depth feet (m) Lithology feet (m) Lithology DEVONIAN Bluefish Member (Thickness: 20.4 m/67 ft.) Arnica Formation 3480-3547 (l060.7-1081.1) Top at 217.0 m (712 ft.) below sea level Thickness: >38.4 m (>126 ft.) Hume Formation 1613-1622 Dolomite: pale grey-buff, microcrystal Top at 830.6 m (2725 ft.) below sea level (491.6-494.4) line to aphanitic, almost "ear thy-'I Thickness: 234.4 m (769 ft.) textured Upper member 1622-1663 Dolomite: buff, microcrystalline, micro (Thickness: 67.1 m/220 ft.) (494.4-506.9) sucrosict some pinpoint porosity 3547-3767 3710.5 feet (1131.0 m) - conodont study 1663-1712 Dolomite: buff to dark brown, micro (l081.1-1148.2) by T.T. Uyeno (see Appendi x l) (506.9-521.8) crystalline to aphanitic, calcareous; grading to Middle member Limestone: dolomitic (Thickness: 86.9 m/285 ft.) 1712-1739 Dolomite: buff, microcrystalline, micro 3767-4052 3805-4048 feet (1159.8-1233.8 m) (521.8-530.0) sucrosic; some pinpoint to microvuggy (1148.2-1235.0) Middle Devonian, Eifelian, A.E.H. porosity; some dolomite: calcareous, Pedder (see Appendix I) as above Headless Member Total depth: 530.0 m (Thickness: 80.5 m/264 ft.) 4052-4316 4314 feet (1314.9 m) - gastropods, age not (l235.0-1315.5) determinable (see Appendix I) Landry Formation 67. M-43 Top at 1065.0 m (3494 ft.) below sea level Thickness: >43.9 m (> 144 ft.) Log of Candex Dahadinni M-43A Location: 63° 52'59"N, 124°39'15"W 4316-4460 4413 feet (1345.1 m) - probably Middle Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 250.6 m (822 ft.) (l315.5-1359.4) Devonian (see Appendix l) Tops determined from core descriptions (see Well History Report) adjusted to sonic log. FAULT Hume Formation Top at 1108.9 m (3638 ft.) below sea level UPPER DEVONIAN Thickness: 47.9 m (157 ft.) Imperial Formation Headless Member 4460-4617 Top at 125.6 m (412 ft.) above sea level (l359.4-1407.3) Thickness: 702.0 m (2303 ft.) 410(R}-2713 (l25.0-826.9) Landry Formation Top at 1156.7 m (3795 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 84.7 m (278 ft.) DEVONIAN 4617-4895 4622.5-4627.5 feet (1408.9-14 I0.5 m) Thickness: >2212 m (>7258 ft.) (l407.3-1492.0) conodont study by T.T. Uyeno (see Appendix I) Horn River Group Thickness: 254.2 m (834 ft.) Arnica Formation Canol Formation Top at 1241.4 m (4073 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 36.6 m (120 ft.) Top at 576.4 m (1891 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 52.4 m (172ft.) 4895-5015 4986 feet (1519.7 m) - Middle Devonian 2713-2885 (1492.0-1528.6) (see Appendix I) (826.9-879.3) Fort Norman Formation Hare Indian Formation Top at 1278.0 m (4193 ft.) below sea level Top at 628.8 m (2063 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 1443.2 m (4735 ft.) Thickness: 201.8 m (662 ft.) 5015---9750 (1528.6-2971.8) Black shale member (Thickness: 57.3 m/I 88 ft.) Arnica Platform 2885-3073 (879.3-936.7) Top at 2721.3 m (8928 ft.) below sea level Thickness: >159.1 m (>522 ft.) Grey shale member (Thickness: 124.1 m/407 ft.) -9750-10272 Dolomite: dark grey, fossiliferous 3073-3480 (-2971.8-3130.9) (936.7-1060.7) Total depth: 3130.9 m 110 BorehoJe Depth 68. M-48 feet (m) Lithology Log of Union Maunoir M-48 Mount Cap Formation Location: 66° 57' 54"N, 124°24'00"W (Reference section) Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 382.8 m (1256 ft.) Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; Top at 184.4 m (605 ft.) below sea level depth adjusted to gamma ray-neutron log. Thickness: 192.9 m (633 ft.) Member h Boreho1e Depth (Thickness: 36.3 m/ Il9 ft.) feet (m) Lithology 1861-1980 Shale: dark green and grey-green, some (567.2-603.5) grey-brown, splintery, micromica ceous; some very thinly interbedded CAMBRIAN-SILURIAN dolomite: buff, microcrystalline Ronning Group Member g (Thickness: 21.3 m/70 ft.) Franklin Mountain Formation 1980-2050 Dolomite: buff to brown, micro- to very Top at 317.3 m (1041 ft.) above sea level (603.5-624.8) fine-crystalline, some fine to medium Thickness: 218.8 m (718 ft.) crystalline; some interbedded shale: dark green, dark grey-brown and black (?}Rhythmic member (Thickness: 160.3 mf526 ft.) Member f (Thickness: 36.6 m/ 120 ft.) 215?-500 Dolomite: creamy white to pale buff, (65.5-152.4) some yellow, microcrystalline, some 2050-2170 Shale: dark green to dark green-grey, very fine crystalline; some vuggy (624.8-661.4) splintery with some slickensiding; at porosity with trace bituminous residue 2090-2100 feet (637.0-640.1 m), some dolomite: brown, medium crystalline -500-741 Dolomite: mostly creamy white with and very fine crystalline; trace (-/52.4-225.9) trace pink, microcrystalline to aphan glauconite concentrations itic, with chaJky (microsucrosic) texture; some microvuggy porosity Member e (Thickness: 13.4 m/44 ft.) Cyclic member (Thickness: 58.5 mf J92 ft.) 2170-22l4 Dolomite: pale buff to buff and brown, (661.4-674.8) micro- and very fine-crystalline, in 741-877 Dolomite: buff to grey, microcrystalline, part with glauconite concentration up (225.9-267.3) in part argillaceous; some shale: grey to 90%; some limestone: paJe buff, and green-grey, dolomitic micrograined, doJomitic; some shale: dark green; some siltstone: pale grey 877-933 Dolomite: pale buff to grey-buff, micro to pale green, very micaceous, (267.3-284.4) crystalline, in part argillaceous; inter dolomitic bedded Shale: grey, dolomi tic, and shale: grey Member d green, in part pyritic (Thickness: 10.7 m/35 ft.) 2214-2249 Poor samples - probabJy shale: as above (674.8-685.5) CAMBRIAN Member c Saline River Formation (Thickness: 8.8 m/29 ft.) Top at 98.5 m {323 ft.} above sea leveJ 2249-2278 Dolomite: brown and dark brown, micro Thickness: 282.9 m (928 ft.) (685.5-694.3) and very fine-crystalline; some shale: dark green, grey-green, micaceous Upper clastic member (Thickness: 108.5 m/356 ft.) Member b (Thickness: 49.7 m/l63 ft.) 933-960 Shale: green, maroon, in part pyritic; (284.4-292.6) some doJomite 2278-2441 Poor samples - probably shale and (694.3-744.0) siltstone: dolomitic both very -960-1l53 Shale: green, some grey-green and olive micaceous and very glauconitic (-292.6-351.4) green, dolomitic, in part micaceous, in part pyritic; some interbedded Member a dolomite: paJe buff, pale grey, trace (Thickness: 16.2 m/53 ft.) pink, microcrystalline 2441-2476 Sandstone: clear, some buff and pink, fine 1153-1289 Shale: pale green to green and grey-green (744.0-754.7) and very fine grained, quartzose, in {351.4-392.9} and maroon, dolomitic; interbedded part gJauconitic; some sandstone: Anhydrite: pale buff to white, some pink medium and coarse grained, very poorly sorted Salt member Siltstone: white to paJe grey and buff, in (Thickness: 155.1 mf509 ft.) part coarse grained, mostly very gJauconitic 1289-1798 Halite Dolomite: buff, micro- and very fine {392.9-548.0} crystalline, glauconitic Some beds highJy glauconitic Lower clastic member (Thickness: 19.2 mf63 ft.) 2476-2494 Probably shale and siltstone (754.7-760.2) 1798-1861 Poor sampJes - probabJy shale: green, (548.0-567.2) grey-green, maroon, and anhydrite and dolomite: grey-buff Mount Clack Formation Top at 377.3 m (1238 ft.) beJow sea level Thickness: 53.0 m (174 ft.) 111 BorehoJe Depth Borehole Depth feet (m) Lithology feet (m) Lithology 2494-26687 Very poor samples - some sand and 349-710 Dolomite: creamy white to pale buff, (760.2-813.27) sandstone: medium, coarse and very (106.4-216.4) trace pink, very fine, fine and medium coarse grained, quartz, subrounded crystalline; much Chert: white to milky white (some samples almost 100% chert) PROTEROZOIC 710-1590 DoJomite: pink and pale buff, grading (2J6.4-484.6) downward - through pale buff, pale Shale unit(7} grey, some pink, very fine, fine and medium crystalline; some chert: pale Top at 430.4 m (1412 ft.) below sea level grey to pale buff, trace pink and Thickness: >49.4 m (> 162 ft.) green, micro- to very fine-crystalline, and fine to coarse crystalline, with 26687-2820 Cavings - no new Ji thology seen traces of intercrystalline green clay (813.27-859.5) and pyrite; traces throughout of chert: white and buff Total depth: 862.6 m 1590-? (484.67) Samples missing Rhythmic member (Thickness: 7) 7-2265 (7-690.4) SampJes missing 69. M-63 Cyclic member (Thickness: 64.3 mf211 ft.) Log of Mobi! Belot, Hills M-63 Location: 67"02'45"N, 126°27'45"W 2265-24767 Samples missing Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 461.8 m (1515 ft.) (690.4-754.P) Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; depth adjusted to acoustic log. CAMBRIAN DEVONIAN Saline River Formation Thickness: 106.4 m (349 ft.) Top at 292.9 m (96 I ft.) below sea level Thickness: 151.5 m (497 ft.) Hume Formation equivalent Upper clastic member Top at 461.8 m (1515 ft.) above sea level (Thickness: 39.0 m!l28 ft.) Thickness: 67.1 m (220 ft.) 24767-2604 Samples missing 0(R)...80 Samples missing (754.77-793.7} (0-24.4) Salt member 80-150(S) Limestone: pale buff to pale grey, (Thickness: 75.9 m/249 ft.) (24.4-45.7} micrograined to aphanitic and highly fossiJiferous (macro shell fragments) 2604-2853 Samples missing Shale: buff, calcareous, flaky, very (793.7-869.6) micaceous Lower clastic member 150(SH60(S) Limestone: some grey and white with (Thickness: 36.6 m!l20 ft.) (45.7-48.8) breccia-like structure; some white and red, and white and buff, streaked, in 2853-2973 Samples missing part with black, noncalcareous pellets (869.6-906.2) (some pellets show black and whi te concentric "onion" structure) Mount Cap Formation 160(S)-220(S) Limestone: pale grey to paJe buff-grey, (48.8-67.1) aphanitic, argillaceous, pyri tic Top at 444.4 m (1458 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 142.3 m (467 ft.) Landry Formation Members f and g (Thickness: 37.8 mfl24 ft.) Top at 394.7 m (1295 ft.) above sea Jevel Thickness: 39.3 m (129 ft.) 29737-3097 Samples missing (906.2'-944.0) 220(S)-349 Limestone: buff (characteristic "fudge" (67.1-106.4) colour) and some brown, aphanitic, Member e trace pellets (Thickness: 11.9 m/39 ft.) 3097-3136 Samples missing (944.0-955.9) CAMBRIAN-SILURIAN Member d Ronning Group (Thickness: 35.1 m/l15 ft.) Franklin Mountain Formation 3136-32517 Samples missing (955.9-990.97) Top at 355.4 m (I J66 ft.) above sea level Thickness: 648.3 m (2127 ft.) Member c (Thickness: 2.4 m/8 ft.) Chert member (Thickness: >378.3 m >1241 ft.) 32517-3259 Samples missing (990.97-993.3) 112 Borehole Depth Borehole Depth feet (m) Lithology feet (m) Lithology Member b Horn River Group (Thickness: 18.6 m/61 ft.) Thickness: 143.3 m (470 ft.) 3259-3320 Samples missing (993.3-1011.9) Hare Indian Formation Member a Top at 281.9 m (925 ft.) above sea level (Thickness: 36.6 m/ 120 ft.) Thickness: 143.3 m (470 ft.) 3320-3350 Samples missing Black shale member (1011.9-1021.1) (Thickness: 112.8 mf370 ft.) 3350-3440 Dolomite: brown, very fine, fine, medium 0-370 Shale: brown-black, hard, in part (l021.1-1048.5) and coarse crystalline, in part (0-1I2.8) calcareous, siliceous, bituminous glauconitic; some dolomite: microcrystalline, silty Grey shale member Shale: dark green, green, dark grey-brown (Thickness: 15.2 mf50 ft.) and black, mostly splintery, in part micromicaceous 370-420 Shale: brown-grey, flaky, slightly Siltstone: buff, some pale grey and pale (112.8-128.0) dolomitic, micromicaceous green, in part dolomitic, in part coarse grained and quartzitic, in part Bluefish Member micaceous; some glauconite concen (Thickness: 15.2 mf50 ft.) trations; traces sand and sandstone: medium to coarse grained, quartz 420-450 Shale: black, slightly calcareous, bitu (l28.0-137.2) minous Mount Clark Formation 450-470 Limestone: dark brown, very fine grained, Top at 586.7 m (1925 ft.) below sea level (l37.2-143.3) argillaceous, bituminous Thickness: 14.3 m (47 ft.) Shale: black, calcareous, bituminous 3440-3487 Sand: fine to very coarse grained, quartz; (l048.5-1062.8) some sandstone: quartzitic Hume Formation Top at 138.7 m (455 ft.) above sea level PROTEROZOIC Thickness: 115.8 m (380 ft.) Thickness: >220.7 m (>724 ft.) Upper member (Thickness: 54.9 mfl80 ft.) Dolomite unit (Reference section) 470-650 Limestone: brown, grey-brown, pale (l43.3-198.1) brown, micrograined, very fine and Top at 601.1 m (1972 ft.) below sea level fine-grained, biocIastic; some reef Thickness: 112.2 m (368 ft.) organisms 3487-3838 Dolomite: mostly pink to brick-red, trace Middle member (1062.8-1169.8) buff, micro- and very fine-crystalline, (Thickness: 33.5 m/l lOft.) tight; below 3600 feet (1097.3 m), as above with some shale: brick-red to 650-720 Shale: grey, calcareous, micromicaceous purple and brown, dolomitic, hard (l98.1-219.5) Limestone: grey-buff, biocIastic, in part argillaceous 3838-3855 Dolomite: pale buff to brown, micro- and (l169.8-1175.0) very fine-crystalline, in part aphanitic 720-760 Limestone: grey-buff, grey-brown, micro and very argillaceous (219.5-231.6) grained, some very fine grained, in Shale: buff to dark grey-buff, some olive part biocIastic green and yellow-brown, in part dolo mitic and hard, in part splintery and Headless Member micaceous (Thickness: 27.4 mf90 ft.) At base, some dolomite: buff, speckled brown and black, siliceous 760-850 Limestone: grey-buff, grey-brown, micro (231.6-259.1) grained; some limestone: very pale Shale unit buff, aphanitic, in part argillaceous; possibly some interbedded shale Top at 713.2 m (2340 ft.) below sea level Thickness: >108.5 m (>356 ft.) Landry Formation 3855-4211 Shale: very dark brown-grey to black, (l175.0-1283.5) hard, appears to be micromicaceousj Top at 22.9 m (75 ft.) above sea level top 100 feet (30.5 m) - some shale: Thickness: 25.9 m (85 ft.) dark grey-brown, very hard, siliceous and slightly dolomitic 850-935 Limestone: mainly brown and buff, in part (259.1-285.0) aphanitic, some pelletal Total depth: 1283.5 m Arnica Formation Top at 3.0 m (10 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 30.5 m (100 ft.) 70. N-28 935-1035 Dolomite: brown, buff, pale buff, micro Log of Imperial Vermilion Ridge No. I (285.0-315.5) and very fine-crystalline, in part Location: 65°07'51"N, 126°05'00"W sucrosic; brecciated structures - black Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 281.9 m (925 ft.) stylolites and partings Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; depth adjusted to electric log. Fort Norman Formation DEVONIAN Top at 33.5 m (110 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 248.4 m (815 ft.) Thickness: 563.9 m (1850 ft.) 113 Borehole Depth Borehole Depth feet (m) Lithology feet (m) Lithology 1035-1850 Anhydrite: mainly pale buff; some Mount Cap Formation 015.5-563.9) dolomite; 1760-1795 feet (536.5 547.1 m), mostly dolomite: anhydritic Top at 1455.4 m (4775 ft.) below sea level Thickness: >82.3 m (>270 ft.) -5700-5970 Very poor samples (mostly cavings); 5700 CAMBRIAN-SILURIAN H 737.4-1819.7) 5720 feet (1737.4-1743.5 m), trace limestone with glauconite; 5788 Ronning Group 5806 feet (1764.2-1769.7 m) - early Middle Cambrian, W.H. Fritz (see Thickness: 288.0 m (945 ft.) Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 71-15, p. 23) Mount Kindle Formation Total depth, 1820.3 m Top at 281.9 m (925 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 9.1 m (30 ft.) 1850-1880 Dolomite: buff, very fine and fine (563.9-573.0) crystalline, tight Franklin MountiUn Formation 71. N-30 Top at 291.1 m (955 ft.) below sea level Log of SOBC Great Bear River N-30 Thickness: 278.9 m (915 ft.) Location: 64°59'45"N,124°04'51"W Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 252.4 m (828 ft.) Cherty member Wel1 log prepared by the writer based on drill cutting'; (Thickness: 195.1 m/640 ft.) depth adjusted to sonic log. 1880-2520 Dolomite: pale buff to creamy white, (573.0-768.1 ) some grey-buff, very fine, fine, medium and coarse crystalline, MESOZOIC grading downward through very fine and microcrystalline to micro Thickness: 402.9 m (1322 ft.) crystalline to aphanitic; at the top, Basal beds (Lower Cretaceous ?) some floating medium and coarse sub rounded sand grains of quartz; some 2172-2200 Siltstone: pale grey, coarse grained, in shale: pale green, waxy, some (662.0-670.6) part glauconitic, in part sandy; grading porosity; at 2215-2220 feet (675.1 to 676.6 m), much chert: creamy white Sandstone: pale grey to grey, fine to very fine grained, silty, highly glauconitic Rhythmic and Cyclic members Thinly interbedded shale: dark grey to (Thickness: 83.8 m/275 ft.) black, micromicaceous 2520-2795 Dolomite: grey-buff, grey-brown, buff 2200-2250 Samples missing Thickness: >80.8 m (>265 ft.) CAMBRIAN Landry Formation Saline River Formation Top at 433.4 m (1422 ft.) below sea level Top at 570.0 m (1870 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 47.9 m (157 ft.) Thickness: 885.4 m (2905 ft.) 2250-2310 Samples missing (cored) (685.8-704.1 ) 2310-2380 Limestone: buff to brown, aphanitic with 2795-2970 Shale: maroon, olive-green, dolomitic, in (704.1-725.4) some pelletal structure; much white (851.9-905.3) part anhydritic; some dolomite: grey, crystalline calcite; some limestone: buff-grey, in part anhydritic; some buff, aphanitic, argillaceous, grading anhydrite to shale: very calcareous; some pyrite Salt member 2380-2407 Limestone: pale buff to pale grey, some (Thickness: 795.5 m/2610 ft.) (725.4-733.7) buff, aphanitic to micrograined and pel1etal, in part argillaceous, in part 2970-3360 Anhydrite, shale, and halite. very pyritiC, in part with thin veins (905.3-1024.1) Anhydrite: buff, some pink, in part and inclusions of pink calcite dolomitic Shale: maroon, olive-green, pale green, dolomitic, anhydritic; halite casts Arnica Formation 3360-4640 Halite: clear Top at 481.3 m (1579 ft.) below sea level (1024.1-1414.3) Thickness: 24.1 m (79 ft.) 4640-5580 Halite: clear and pink; some zones with 2407-2486 Dolomite: buff to brown, microcrystal (1414.3-I 700.8) dolomite and anhydrite (733.7-757.7) line, in part microsucrosic; some intercrystalline porosity Lower clastic member (Thickness: 36.6 m!J 20 ft.) Fort Norman Formation 5580~5700 Shale: grey-green, dark purple, slightly (l700.8~1737 .4) dolomitic; trace dolomite and Top at 505.4 m (1658 ft.) below sea level anhydrite Thickness: >8.8 m (>29 ft.) 114 Borehole Depth Borehole Depth feet (m) Lithology feet (m) Lithology 2486-2515 Anhydrite: pale buff to pale grey; some 3690-3920 Shale: dark grey to black, some grey (757.7-766.6) dolomite microbreccia (1124.7-1194.8) green to pale green, in part silty Dolomite: dark grey-brown, some grey Total depth: 766.6 m buff, argillaceous, in part grading to Shale: silty, dolomitic; some pyrite 3920-4199 Shale: dark grey to black and grey-green (1194.8-1279.9) to pale green, flaky to splintery; trace only of dolomite Total depth: 1279.9 m 72. N-62 Log of Decalta Keele N-62 Location: 64 ° 21 '48"N, 124 °57' 12"W Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 225.6 m (740 ft.) Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; depth adjusted to sonic log. 73. N-70 Log of B.P. Grey Goose N-70 MESOZOIC AND {?)TERTJARY Location: 65°19'58"N, 123°42'15"W Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 217.9 m (715 ft.) Thickness: 850.7 m (2791 ft.) Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; Basal beds (Lower Cretaceous ?) depth adjusted to sonic log. 2764-2841 Sandstone: pale grey, grey, black, very (842.5-865.9) fine grained Shale: black, carbonaceous fragments, MESOZOIC mostly silty or sandy, grading to sHtstone and sandstone; in part pyritic Thickness: 571.8 m (1876 ft.) Basal beds (Lower Cretaceous ?) 2112-2148 (Overlain by sandstone and shale) CAMBRIAN-SILURIAN (643.7-654.7) Sand: coarse grained, very coarse grained and larger, quartz Ronning Group Franklin Mountain Formation DEVONIAN Top at 640.4 m (2101 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 258.8 m (849 ft.) Landry Formation Rhythmic member Top at 436.8 m (1433 ft.) (Thickness: 208.5 m/684 ft.) Thickness: >31.1 m (> 102 ft.) 2841-3026 Limestone and dolomite: pale buff to 2148~2180 Limestone: pale grey-buff to brown, (865.9-922.3) white, some buff to brown, trace pink, (654.7~64.5) aphani tic; some dark brown; trace micrograined or microcrystalline; pelletal 2840-3030 feet (865.6-923.5 m), no conodonts, T.T. Uyeno (see -2180-2250 Limestone: pale buff-grey to grey and Appendix I) (-664.5-685.8) grey-brown and white, micrograined, slightly argillaceous; some chalky 3026-3093 Dolomite: pale buff, pale grey, pink, texture and some crystalline texture (922.3-942.7) microcrystalline, in part aphanitic, in part very sandy; grading to Total depth: 685.8 m Sandstone: fine grained, quartzose, dolomitic 3093-3525 Dolomite: pink, red, buff, white, pale (942.7-1074.4) grey, microcrystalline and aphanitic; in part sandy to sit ty; grading to sandstone and siltstone; in part argillaceous; grading to shale: red or 74. 0-13 brown, silty, dolomitic; in part calcareous; grading to rare limestone Log of Cdn. Res. Keller Lake 0-13 Location: 64° 12'53"N, 122° 17'25"W Cyclic member Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 457.2 m (1500 ft.) (Thickness: 50.3 m/l65 ft.) Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; depth adjusted to sonic log. 3525-3690 Dolomite: grey-brown, dark grey, grey (1074.4-1124.7) buff, argillaceous and calcareous, grading to Shale: dark grey, sil ty, calcareous; some MESOZOIC shale: pale green, dolomitic Traces of anhydrite Thickness: 180.7 m (593 ft.) Basal beds (Lower Cretaceous ?) 1112-1157 (Overlain by shale and sit tstone) CAMBRIAN (338.9-352.7) Siltstone: pale grey, in part coarse grained, micaceous, slightly glau Mount Cap Formation conitic; some black partings; at base, some sandstone: fine to very fine Top at 899.2 m (2950 ft.) below sea level grained, quartzose Thickness: >155.1 m (>509 ft.) 115 Borehole Depth Borehole Depth feet (m) Lithology feet (m) Lithology DEVONIAN -200-278 Sandstone: pale grey, very fine grained, (-61.0-84.7) quartzose, glauconitic Thickness: >589.2 m (>1933 ft.) Siltstone: pale grey, some coarse grained, glauconitic Arnica Formation Shale: dark grey, silty, micromicaceous At base, some sandstone: very fine to Top at 104.5 m 043 ft.) above sea level medium grained, poorly sorted, Thickness: 31.1 m (102 ft.) quartzose, glauconitic 1157-1191 Dolomite: very pale buff to very pale grey 052.7-363.0) and creamy white, microcrystalline to aphanitic and some chalky texture UPPER DEVONIAN l!91-1259 Dolomite: buff, microcrystalline; some 063.0-383.7) pinpoint and microvuggy porosity; Imperial Formation trace limestone: buff, micrograined Top at 29.0 m (95 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 298.7 m (980 ft.) Fort Norman Formation 278-640 Siltstone: grey, in part coarse grained, Top at 73.5 m (241 ft.) above sea level (84.7~195.1) micromicaceous Thickness: 198.4 m (651 ft.) Shale: dark grey, micromicaceous Samples from 400-420 feet (121.9- 1259-1910 Anhydrite 128.0 m) contain some limestone: pale 083.7-582.2) buff, coarse grained, biostromal, but no indication of this lithology on mechanical logs Tsetso Formation -640-1258 Shale: dark grey, in part sit ty, micro Top at 125.0 m (410 ft.) below sea level H 95.1-383.4) micaceous Thickness: >359.7 m (>1180 ft.) 1910-2500 Anhydrite: trace pink colouring; trace (582.2-762.0) shale: brick-red DEVONIAN 2500-2836 Anhydrite: as above (762.0-864.4) Dolomite: pale grey, anhydritic Horn River Group 2836-2890 Dolomite: grey to buff with some pink, Thickness: >192.6 m (>632 ft.) (864.4-880.9) pale green and pale purple colouring, in part argillaceous, in part anhydritic Anhydrite: pale buff to pink and white Canol Formation Shale: brick-red and pale green, dolo mitiq some sandy zones Top at 327.7 m (1075 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 15.5 m (51 ft.) 2890-2978 Dolomite: pale buff, microcrystalline to (880.9-907.7) aphanitic, anhydritic; trace chert: 1258-1302 Shale: black, bituminous, pyritic; at top whi te, at or near top 083.4-396.8) some dolomite: brown, fine crystalline 2978-3039 Dolomite: purple-brown to pink and grey (?)Allochthonous limestone (907.7-926.3) buff, microcrystalline, anhydritic, in (Thickness: 2.1 m/7 ft.) part probably argillaceous; some anhydrite: pale buff to pink 1302-1309 Gamma-ray log suggests limy beds or 096.8-399.0) limestone debris 3039-3090 Dolomite: grey-buff to pale buff, micro (926.3-941.8) crystalline to aphanitic, anhydritic Anhydrite: pale buff to white Ramparts Formation Shale: grey, in part dolomitic; some shale: pale green, waxy, pyritic; 2900 Top at 343.2 m (1126 ft.) below sea level 3090 feet (883.9-941.8 m), no cono Thickness: 153.3 m (503 ft.) donts, T.T. Uyeno (see Appendix I) Reef member Total depth: 941.8 m (Thickness: 123.7 m/406 ft.) 1309-1715 Limestone: pale buff and white, reef 099.0-522.7) Platform member (Thickness: 12.5 m/41 ft.) 75. 0-17 1715-1756 Limestone: buff-grey, brown, very fine (522.7-535.2) crystalline, in part bioclastic Log of Pacific Judile 0-17 Location: 65°26'53"N, 127°32'35"W Siltstone lentil Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 55.8 m (183 ft.) (Thickness: 17.1 m/56 ft.) Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; depth adjusted to gamma - ray log; sample quality 1756-1812 Siltstone: grey-buff, coarse grained, cal poor. (535.2-552.3) careous Hare Indian Formation MESOZOIC Top at 496.5 m (1629 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 74.4 m (244 ft.) Thickness: >23.8 m (>78 ft.) Basal beds (Lower Cretaceous ?) 116 Borehole Depth feet (m) Lithology 77. P-05 Grey shale member Log of Imperial Mac No. 2 Location: 65° 14'51"N, 127°00'52"W 1812-1890 Shale: grey, silty, very micaceous; some Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 93.0 m (305 ft.) (552.3-576.1) siltstone: grey, argillaceous, mica Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; ceous depth adjusted to electric log. Total depth: 576.1 m Borehole Depth feet (m) Lithology MESOZOIC 76. 0-41 Thickness: 321.0 m (1053 ft.) Basal beds (Lower Cretaceous ?) Log of Pacific Judile 0-41 Location: 65°30'45"N, 127"38'00"W 1030-1126 Sandstone: very pale grey, very fine Elevation of KeJly Bushing: 56.7 m (186 ft.) (313.9-343.2) grained, quartz-rich; some sandstone: Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; fine grained, in part glauconitic; some depth adjusted to electric log. siltstone: argillaceous, micromica ceous 1126-1138 Sandstone: fine to medium grained, some MESOZOIC (343.2-346.9) coarse grained, subangular to sub rounded, quartzose, glauconitic (some Thickness: 71.6 m (235 ft.) medium sand-sized grain pellets of Basal beds (Lower Cretaceous ?) glauconite) 145(R)-380(S) Siltstone: pale grey and grey, some coarse (44.2-115.8) grained, glauconitic Shale: dark grey, micromicaceous UPPER DEVONIAN At base, possibly shale: black, carbon aceous, and quartz sand Imperial Formation Top at 253.9 m (833 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 372.5 m (1222 ft.) UPPER DEVONIAN 1138-1737 Siltstone: grey, some coarse grained, Imperial Formation (346.9-529.4) micaceous; siltstone: grey, argil- laceous, micromicaceous Top at 59.1 m (194 ft.) below sea level Shale: dark grey, micromicaceous Thickness: 258.8 m (849 ft.) 1737-2360 Shale: dark grey, micromicaceous; rare 380(S)~700 Siltstone: grey, in part coarse grained and (529.4-719.3) siltstone: argillaceous, but prominent (115.8~213.4) micaceous; grading to siltstone(?) marker on log at 1915 Siltstone: dark grey, argillaceous; some 1940 feet (583.7-591.3 m) shale: dark grey, micromicaceous -700-1229 Shale: dark grey, micromicaceous, in part (-213.4-374.6) silty; grading to DEVONIAN Si!tstone: argillaceous Horn River Group Thickness: >182.3 m (>598 ft.) DEVONIAN Canol Formation Horn River Group Top at 626.4 m (2055 ft.) below sea level Thickness: >56.7 m (>186 ft.) Thickness: 28.3 m (93 ft.) Canol Formation 2360-2403 Shale: black, bi tuminous, siliceous(?) (719.3-732.4) Top at 317.9 m (1043 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 40.2 m (132 ft.) 2403-2430 Shale: black, bi tuminous (732.4-740.7) 1229-1305 Shale: black, bi tuminous, pyritic (374.6-397.8) 2430-2453 Shale: black, bituminous, siliceous, (740.7-747.7) pyritic; some siltstone: brown-grey, 1305-1361 Shale: black, calcareous; some limestone: argillaceous, very calcareous, pyritic, (397.8-414.8) dark brown-grey, bituminous, argil in part very pyritic laceou5; probably limestone debris at base, but cannot determine thickness of Allochthonous limestone Ramparts Formation Top at 654.7 m (2148 ft.) below sea level Ramparts Formation Thickness: 146.6 m (481 ft.) Top at 358.1 m (1175 ft.) below sea level Reef member Thickness: >16.5 m (>54 ft.) (Thickness: 128.6 m/422 ft.) Reef member 2453-2875 Limestone: reef; some thin black (747.7-876.3) bituminous streaks 1361-1415 Limestone: pale buff to white, reef; some (414.8-431.3) porosity; at top some bitumen Total depth: 431.3 m 117 Borehole Depth feet (m) Lithology 79. P-78 Platform member (Thickness: 18.0 m/59 ft.) Log of Decalta Redstone P-78 Location: 64°07'57"N, 124°28'15"W 2875-2934 Limestone: buff and brown, mostly very Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 176.2 m (578 ft.) (876.3-894.3) fine to coarse grained; trace Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; limestone: very fine grained, depth adjusted to sonic log. micrograined and aphanitic; reefal limestone and some pyritized lime stone; some partings or interbeds of Borehole Depth black shale feet (m) Lithology Hare Indian Formation MESOZOIC Top at 801.3 m (2629 ft.) below sea level Thickness: >7.3 m (>24 ft.) Thickness: 468.4 m (1537 ft.) Basal beds (Lower Cretaceous ?) Grey shale member 1526-1577 (Overlain by shale) 2934-2958 Shale: buff-grey, noncalcareous, slightly (465.1-480.7) Sandstone: pale grey, very fine to medium (894.3-901.6) micromicaceous grained, poorly sorted, chert!quartz, very micaceous, slightly calcareous, Total depth: 901.6 m siliceous; some thinly interbedded shale: very dark grey; some pyrite DEVONIAN Thickness: >705.0 m (>2313 ft.) 78. P-14 Horn River Group Log of Cdn. Res. Keller Lake P- 14 Location: 64° 13'53"N, 122°32'00"W Thickness: 77.1 m (253 ft.) Elevation of Kelly Bushing: 392.3 m (1287 ft.) Well log prepared by the writer based on drill cuttings; Hare Indian Formation depth adjusted to sonic log. Top at 304.5 m (999 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 77.1 m (253 ft.) MESOZOIC Black shale member (Thickness: 11.3 m/37 ft.) Thickness: 105.5 m (346 ft.) Basal beds (Lower Cretaceous ?) 1577-1614 Shale: very dark grey, soft, in part (480.7-491.9) slightly bituminous 910-11 l3 Siltstone: pale grey, in part coarse (277 .4-339.2) grained and glauconitic Grey shale member Shale: dark grey, flaky to splintery, (Thickness: 61.6 m/202 ft.) micromicaceous 1614-1816 Shale: grey, brown-grey, flaky, noncal (491.9-553.5) careous, micromicaceous; near base, some shale: very dark grey to black DEVONIAN (1610-1620 ft./490.7-493.8 m - sample contains some dolomite: pale yellow, Thickness: >145.1 m (>476 ft.) soft, silty, very micaceous) Landry Formation Bluefish Member (Thickness: 4.3 m/I 4 ft.) Top at 53.0 m (174 ft.) above sea level Thickness: 25.9 m (85 ft.) 1816-1830 Shale: black, bituminous, noncalcareous; (553.5-557.8) some pyrite; in the lower part some 1113-1198 Limestone: buff and brown, aphanitic and limestone: black and white; argil (339.2-365.2) pelletal laceous, bituminous, with some pyrite Arnica Formation Hwne Formation Top at 27.1 m (89 ft.) above sea level Top at 381.6 m ([252 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 48.2 m ([58 ft.) Thickness: 148.7 m (488 ft.) 11 98-1356 Dolomite: creamy white to very pale buff Upper member (365.2-413.3) and very pale grey, microcrystalline to (Thickness: 39.6 m/l30 ft.) aphanitic and chalky-textured 1830-1920 Limestone: grey-brown, grey-buff to (557.8-585.2) white, micro- to very fine-grained, Fort Norman Formation fossiliferous; some limestone: dark grey-brown to black, argillaceous, Top at 21.0 m (69 ft.) below sea level bituminous Thickness: >71.0 m (>233 ft.) 1920-1960 Samples missing - (R) fractured lost 1356-1589 Anhydrite; some dolomite: buff and grey, (585.2-597 .4) circulation zone (413.3-484.3) microcrystalline to aphanitic Middle member Total depth: 484.3 m (Thickness: 64.0 m/21O ft.) 1960-2119 (?)Limestone: with interbedded shale (597.4-645.9) 118 Borehole Depth Borehole Depth feet (m) Lithology feet (m) Lithology 2119-2170 (?)Limestone Arnica Formation (645.9-661.4) Top at 571.2 m (1874 ft.) below sea level Headless Member Thickness: 51.2 m (168 ft.) (Thickness: 45.1 m!l48 ft.) 2452-2460 Dolomite: buff, micro- to very fine 2170-2318 Limestone: buff and brown to very dark (747.4-749.8) crystalline (661.4-706.5) grey-brown, micro- to very fine grained, in part argillaceous; some 2460-2620 Samples missing shale: black and grey (749.8-798.6) Landry Formation Fort Norman Formation Top at 530.4 m (1740 ft.) below sea level Top at 622.4 m (2042 ft.) below sea level Thickness: 40.8 m (134 ft.) Thickness: >387.1 m (>1270 ft.) 2318-2452 Limestone: grey-buff to grey-brown, 2620-3890 Samples missing (706.5-747.4) micro- and very fine-grained, some (798.6-1185.7) apl'lanitic (poor samples) Total depth: 1185.7 m 119 APPENDIX 3 List of Wells with Geological Data (Stratigraphic depths in metres) 121 LEGEND TO APPENDIX 3 Well reference Well reI. Well Well name name North latitude Lat. West longitude " Long. NWT Land Survey System LSS Total depth (m) TD Kelly bushing (m above sea level) KB Mesozoic Mes Imperial Formation uDi Jungle Ridge limestone member uDij Canyon Creek sandstone lentil uDic Horn River Group muDh Canol Formation uDc Allochthonous limestone uDca Ramparts Formation Reef member mDrr Platform member mDrp Siltstone lentil mDrst Hare Indian Formation Grey shale member mDhigy Black shale member mDhibk Bluefish Member mDhib Hume Formation Upper member mDhu Middle member mDhm Headless Member mDhh ..., Landry Formation o ImDI 0.. Arnica Formation ImDa ....o Fort Norman Formation ImDf Q) "Arnica Platform" ImDap .r::...... Tatsieta Formation IDt ~'" di Delorme Group SDd > Tsetso Formation Q) SDt '"Q) Ronning Group £OSr '"Q) Peel Formation SDp o> V10unt Kindle Formation OSk .0 Upper pale member OSku '" Lower dark member OSkl ....'"Q) o Basal member OSkb c Q) FrankIin Mountain Formation £Of "0 Upper dolomite member tOfu ...:. Cherty member £Ofch ~ S Rhythmic member £Ofr c: Cyclic member £Ofc 0;:o Saline River Formation Upper clastic member L£su > '"Q) Salt member L£ss di Lower clastic member L£sl '"Q) Mount Cap Formation Im£c .0 Member h Im£ch '"::l V) Member g Im£cg Member f lm£cf Member e lm£ce Member d lm£cd Member c lm£cc Member b lm£cb Member a Im£ca Mount Clark Formation l£c Proterozoic Dolomite unit Pd Shale unit Ps Unit 1 (Cap Mountain) PI 122 Well A-12 A-16 A-23 A-28 A-37b A-37s ref. Decalta Imperial Arco Decalta Imperial Mobil Well Johnson Hossier Smoking Keele S. Bluefish Slater name A-12 Ridge Hills A-28 I-A River No.2 A-23 A-37 Lat. 63.31.02 65.25.00 69.22.06 64.07.03 64.56.01 64.56.05 long. 124.02.15 127.32.11 126.20.30 125.04.10 125.50.54 126.05.42 LSS A12634012400 AI6653012730 A23693012615 A28641012500 A37650012545 A37650012600 TD 1227.1 828.5 596.2 3200.4 1078.7 1066.8 KB 563.0 84.1 292.0 390.1 67.1 132.6 \lies B B B B uDi B +563.0 B +68.9 789.1 426.1 24.4 uDij 1254.3 426.1 uDic muDh 46.9 176.2 1861.1 513.6 530.7 uDc 46.9 176.2 1861.1 513.6 530.7 uDca 190.8 mDrr 196.3 mDrp 319.1 541.6 84.4 mDrst 339.5 mDhigy 92.7 354.8 1911.1 560.2 mDhibk 1962.9 602.0 mDhib 410.9 530.0 2154.3 675.4 712.3 mDhu 418.5 563.9 2188.4 702.0 729.7 mDhm 467.3 ? 2260.3 754.1 785.5 mDhh 531. 6 ? 2352.3 805.6 833.0 ImDI 580.6 668.7 150.0 2421.6 816.0 864.1 ImDa 627.3 677.9 226.2 823.0 896.1 ImDf 696.2 2549.3 829.1 915.0 ImOap IDt SDd SOt £OSr SDp OSk OSku OSkl OSkb £Of £Ofu £Ofch £Ofr £Ofc U£su U£ss U£sl Im£c Im£ch Im£cg Im£cf Im£ce Im£cd Im£cc Im£cb Im£ca I£c Pd Ps PI 123 Well A-40 A-52 (A-52) B-46 rei. Fault repeated B-30 B-45 Union Imperial Candel Candel Imperial Well Good Loon Stewart East Ray name Hope Creek B-30 Mackay No. I A-40 No. I B-45 Lat. 66.29.10 65.11.06 64.19.12 64.44.09 65.15.06 Long. 124.35.52 126.54.23 125.19.20 125.38.18 127.08.08 LSS A40663012430 A52652012645 B30642012515 B45645012530 B46652012700 TD 1592.6 1661.8 2947.7 1611.2 1163.4 KB 443.8 116.4 514.8 259.4 136.2 Mes B B B B uDi 29.9 441.7 uDij uDic muDh 558.7 1143.6 831. 8 uDc 558.7 831. 8 uDca mDrr 856.8 mDrp 763.8 969.0 mDrst mDhigy 772.3 1243.9 997.6 mDhibk 637.9 1143.6 mDhib 835.4 1277 .1 mDhu 848.3 1306.7 mDhm ? 1381.1 mDhh ? 1456.7 ImDI 950.4 1518.2 ImDa 971.7 1596.2 ImDf 986.3 1684.3 ImDap 1996.7 lOt SDd 2143.7 SDt £OSr B +443.8 1261.3 956.8 SDp OSk 1261.3 OSku OSkl OSkb £Of B +443.8 1268.3 1534.1 956.8 £Ofu £Ofch B +443.8 1268.3 1534.1 956.8 £Ofr +22.3 1419.8 1273.8 £Ofc 238.6 U£su 296.9 U£ss 392.3 U£sl 705.9 Im£c 745.2 Im£ch 745.2 Im£cg 779.9 Im£cf 806.7 Im£ce Im£cd 831. 4 Im£cc Im£cb 933.8 Im£ca 1016.1 I£c 1043.6 Pd 1098.5 Ps PI 124 Well C-21 C-25 D-02 D-45 D-61 D-65 ref. Aquit Northwest Mobil Union SincJair Decalta Well Brackett C-2 Sadene Colville Wolverine Dahadinni name Lake D-02 D-45 Creek D-65 C-21 D-61 Lat. 65.10.02 65.14 68.51.01 67.14.09 65.10.14 63.54.12 Long. 125.05.08 126.50 126.47.15 125.09.21 124.12.52 124.27.55 LSS C21652012500 C256520 12645 D02690012645 D45672012500 D61652012400 D65640012415 TD 1536.5 931. 8 1857.8 1173.15 1931.8 2438.4 KB 133.2 51.8 236.8 638.9 310.0 258.2 Mes B B B B B uDi 155.4 321.0 uDij uDic muDh 206.3 603.5 1016.5 uDc 603.5 1016.5 uDca mDrr Chert 231.3 mDrp 731.5 mDrst and mDhigy 206.3/279.8 742.2 1106.7 mDhibk dolomite 1040.3 mDhib 455.4 844.3 1342.6 conglomerate mDhu 491.0 858.0 1353.0 mDhm 546.5 +118.6 at mDhh 606.2 lmDl 637.9 +87.8 +638.9 lmDa 673.3 150.9 552.3 lmDf 572.7 lmDap lOt SDd SDt 772.7 917.1 £OSr 854.4 227.1 B +535.2 1129.3 SDp 227.1 OSk 325.5 1129.3 OSku 1129.3 OSkl 1195.7 OSkb 1270.1 £Of 854.4 462.4 B +535.2 1273.1 tOfu 462.4 £Ofch 854.4 543.5 £Ofr 1184.8 848.3 B +535.2 1273.1 £Ofc 1217.1 +162.1 1364.0 U£su 1314.6 +70.1 U£ss 1381.4 30.5 1407.6 U£s1 1409. 1 139.6 lm£c 1442.0 168.9 lm£ch lm£cg 168.9 lm£cf 179.6 1m£ce 1442.0 211. 6 1m£cd 1460.9 229.3 lm£cc 1500.5 236.9 lm£cb 1505.1 254.3 1m£ca 1521. 9 280.8 1-E:c 328.3 Pd Ps 1569.7 361.5 P1 1451.8 125 Well (0-65) E-11 E-15 E-30 F-39 F-49 re£. Fault repeated Union Mobil Aquit Imperial Cdn. Res. Well Blackwater Colville Old Fort Raider Keller name E-ll E-15 Point Island Lake E-30 No. 1 F-49 Lat. 63.40.20 67.14.18 64.49.26 65.18.15 63.58.20 Long. 123.Q3.30 126.l8.26 124.50.16 127.06.57 121.53.30 LSS E11635012300 E15672012615 E30645012445 F39652012700 F49640012145 TO 2170.2 1827.6 787.3 667.5 216.7 KB 504.4 386.8 127.1 65.8 281.0 Mes B B B B uOi 53.9 uOij uOic muOh 480.7 uOc 480.7 uOca 554.4 mOrr mOrp 560.2 mOrst mOhigy 1465.8 568.1 mOhibk mOhib 1503.9 mOhu 1513.6 119.2 mOhm 1567.5 154.6 mOhh 1639.2 206.7 1mOl 1689.2 236.8 B +386.8 +135.6 lmOa 1746.2 272.5 +128.6 lmOf 1781. 6 288.0 +81.1 lmOap IDt SDd SDt 774.5 £OSr 1049.1 +295.4 151. 2 SDp OSk 1049.1 OSku 1049.1 OSkl 1126.2 OSkb 1263.7 £Of 1279.2 +295.4 151. 2 tOfu £Ofch +295.4 151. 2 £Ofr 1279.2 458.1 526.4 £Ofc 1490.1 629.4 utsu 1535.3 758.3 utss 1564.5 878.1 utsl 1607.2 989.1 Im£c 1624.3 1018.9 lm£ch lm£cg 1m£cf 1018.9 1m£ce 1027.4 1m£cd 1045.7 1m£cc 1065.5 lm£cb 1076.2 Im£ca 1092.0 l£c 1631.0 1124.1 Pd Ps 1142.7 PI 1652.3 126 Well F-62 G-02 G-12 G-22 G-44 G-51e ref. Areo Elf Imperial B.P. Imperial Imperial Well Lost Hill Horton Loonex Losh Morrow Canyon name Lake River No. I Lake Creek Creek F-62 G-02 G-22 No. I No. I Lat. 65.41.23 69.51.23 65.11.19 65.51.29 65.23.15 65.10.22 Long. 123.12.20 127.15.56 127.02.33 123.19.35 127.23.07 126.24.51 LSS F62655012300 G02700012715 G126520 12700 G22660012315 G44653012715 G51652012615 TD 1391.7 2478.0 1391.1 1225.3 616.9 629.7 KB 267.9 38.1 133.2 293.2 55.8 54.9 Mes B B B B uDi 269. I B above +40.5 B +54.9 uDij uDic 318.5 muDh 515.1 806.5 175.6 362.7 uDe 806.5 175.6 362.7 uDea 242.9 mDrr 249.6 mDrp 256.9 mDrst mDhigy 515.1 956.8 280.1 514.2 mDhibk 867.2 427.6 mDhib 639.8 1064.7 417.6 545.6 mDhu 1079.3 433.7 560.2 mDhm 677 .5 ? ? mDhh ? ? ImDI 713.2 1179.3 535.5 ImDa 909.8 1200.3 541.6 ImDf 1223.2 ImDap IDt 1048.5 SDd SDt 264.9 €OSr 310.6 1066.2 81.1 SDp 1066.2 OSk 310.6 1421. 9 81.1 OSku 310.6 OSkl 378.3 OSkb 442.6 £Of 443.5 1566.7 165.2 £Ofu 443.5 1566.7 165.2 £Ofeh 489.2 1882.1 200.3 £Ofr 612.9 2241.8 327.1 £Ofc 765.0 484.1 U£su 803. I 521. 2 u€ss 858.6 576.4 U£sl 1015.3 723.0 Im£e 1057.0 762.9 Im£eh Im£eg Im£cf Im£ee 1057.0 762.9 Im£ed Im£ee 1086.6 789.4 Im£eb 1093.3 796.7 Im£ea 833.9 I€e 845.5 Pd Ps PI 909.8 127 Well (G-52) ret. G-51p G-52 Fault repeated G-60 G-70 G-78 Aquit Shell H.B. Shell Imperial Well Plateau Blackwater Fish Wrigley Loon name G-51 Lake Lake G-70 Creek G-52 G-60 No.2 Lat. 63.50.22 64.01.20 63.09.30 63.09.17 65.07.20 Long. 125.25.04 122.55.12 122.55.00 124.11.50 126.28.51 LSS G51640012515 G526410 12245 G60631012245 G70631012400 G78651012615 TD 2118.4 1981.2 1674.9 3733.8 1552.4 KB 814.4 370.0 389.2 549.9 110.6 Mes B B uDi B +814.4 +169.8 B +549.9 B +68.0 uDij uDic 221.6 muDh +226.8 29.3 134.4 255.1 uDc +226.8 29.3 134.4 255.1 uDca mDrr mDrp mDrst 95.7 mDhigy 248.7 390.4 mDhibk +172.5 173.1 301.8 mDhib 57.3 297.2 421. 5 mDhu 120.7 331. 9 mDhm 209.1 +160.9 114.3 404.4 435.9 mDhh 327.4 +134.1 193.2 508.4 ImDl 406.0 231.3 570.6 550.2 ImDa 605.9 +123.1 263.0 687.6 569.7 ImDf +56.7 305.4 1364.0 598.3 ImDap 1187.5 IDt SDd 1492.3 SDt 183.2 617.8 744.6 £OSr 467.6 859.2 894.3 2822.8 907.4 SDp OSk 467.6 859.2 894.3 2822.8 OSku 558.4 859.2 894.3 OSkl 949.1 979.9 OSkb 1091.8 1108.3 £Of 1102.8 1134.2 907.4 £Ofu £Ofch 1102.8 1134.2 907.4 £Ofr 1170.5 1181.1 1139.0 £Ofc 1336.9 1250.3 u.f:su 1379.8 1293.9 u.f:ss 1423.4 1321. 9 u.f:sl 1443.5 Im.f:c 1m.f: ch Im£cg lm.f:cf lm.f:ce lm.f:cd Im.f:cc Im.f:cb lm.f:ca l.f:c 1462.7 Pd Ps PI 1504.2 128 Well H-15 H-34 H-40 H-61 H-71 H-77 ref. Imperial Arco Imperial SOBC Banff Pacific Well Hossier W. Whitefish Judile St. Charles Oscar Oscar name Ridge River No. 1 Creek Creek Creek No. 1 H-34 H-61 H-71 H77 La!. 65.24.16 65.33.24 65.29.24 64.50.24 65.30.20 65.26.22 Long. 127.32.14 124.35.45 127.35.58 123.56.28 127.13.26 127.28.15 LSS H15653012730 H34654012430 H40653012730 H61650012345 H71654012700 H77653012715 TD 809.6 1654.5 858.0 1114.7 432.2 612.7 KB 131.1 230.7 93.6 262.7 234.7 60.1 Mes B B B B uDi 2.1 33.5 uDij uDic muDh B +131.1 287.7 B +234.7 377 .0 uDc +131.1 287.7 377 .0 uDca 300.5 439.8 mDrr +128.0 303.9 441.0 mDrp +21.3 433.7 480.9 mDrst 19.8 448.3 460.8 mDhigy 42.7 474.0 +234.7 489.8 mDhibk mDhib 166.1 573.9 +35.4 mDhu 593.8 +12.8 mDhm 182.3 mDhh 666.9 53.0 ImDl 286.5 533.1 685.2 242.3 70.4 ImDa 296.9 552.0 694.3 303.0 81.7 ImDf 329.5 599.8 721.2 334.1 121. 9 ImDap lOt SDd SDt 799.2 683.1 £OSr 633.1 976.3 839.4 SDp OSk 976.3 OSku 976.3 OSkl 1055.5 OSkb 1103.0 £Of 633.1 1108.3 839.4 £Ofu 633.1 £Ofch 670.6 110&.3 &39.4 £Ofr 1110.3 £Ofc 1275.5 t£su 1294.& t£ss 1330.8 t£sl 1340.8 Im£c 1357.9 Im£ch Im£cg Im€cf Im€ce 1357.9 Im€cd Im£cc 1362.& Im€cb 136&.9 Im£ca 1383.5 l£c 13&7.1 Pd 1418.5 Ps PI 129 Well (I-54w) rei. 1-0 I 1-15 1-46 1-54A 1-54w Fault repeated Decalta Shell Shell Buttes Decalta Well Keele Ochre Cloverleaf Blackwater Wrigley name River River 1-46 Lake I-54 1-01 1-15 1-54A Lat. 64.20.40 63.24.45 63.55.44 64.33.44 63.13.33 Long. 125.00.07 122.46.57 124.52.39 122.39.40 123.54.32 LSS IQ 16430 12500 115633012245 146640012445 154644012230 154632012345 TD 1706.9 1488.3 3449.7 1376.2 1969.0 KB 289.9 507.2 443.8 242.0 418.5 Mes B B B B ? uDi 288.0 B +385.0 uDij uDic muDh +38.1 910.4 +314.6 uDc 910.4 +314.6 uDca mDrr mDrp +231.6 mDrst mDhigy +38.1 940.6 +212.1 mDhibk 1001.3-1133.9 mDhib 1207.6 +53.3 mDhu 25.6 1238.1 +35.1 mDhm 829.4 62.2 1308.2 27.4 mDhh 879.0 1l1.6 1399.6 150.9 287.4 ImDl 921.1 144.5 1469.7 215.8 322.8 ImDa 977 .2 165.8 1661. 5 +27.1 427.3 ImDf 1015.9 206.0 1784.3 25.6 721.5 ImDap 1170.1 2802.9 876.9-1006.4 lOt SDd SDt 695.6 353.0 1148.2 £OSr 1298.1 905.0 603.8 SDp OSk 905.0 603.8 OSku 905.0 603.8 OSkl 669.3 OSkb 778.5 £Of 1298. I 789.4 £Ofu £Ofch 789.4 £Ofr 1298. I 862.2 £Ofc 1066.1 U£su 1099.7 U£ss U£sl Im£c Im£ch Im£cg Im£cf Im£ce Im£cd Im£cc Im£cb Im£ca J£c Pd Ps PI 130 Well 1-70d 1-701 1-74 J-20 J-42 J-48 ref. IOE Candex SincJair Imperial Imperial Banff WeIJ Dahadinni Little Mahony Canyon Redstone Oscar name 1-70 Bear Lake Creek No. 1 Creek 1-70 1-74 No. 2 J-48 Lat. 63.19.41 64.39.44 65.23.36 65.09.36 64.11.42 65.27.35 Long. 124.56.35 125.56.35 124.43.30 126.17.35 124.38.19 127.08.23.5 LSS 170632012445 170644012545 174653012430 120651012615 J42642012430 J48653012700 TD 3663.7 2139.7 1883.7 244.8 1485.6 460.9 KB 844.3 416.4 310.3 100.3 71.6 217.6 Mes B B B uDi 1366.7 B + 100.3 86.9 B +217.6 uDij 1518.2-1557.5 uDic 103.0 muDh 140.2 470.9 +163.4 uDc 140.2 470.9 +163.4 uDca +93.2 mDrr mDrp mOrst mOhigy 544.1 +71.3 mOhibk mOhib 720.9 68.9 mOhu 728.5 82.0 mOhm ? 775.7 116.1 mOhh B +838.2 643.7 894.6 147.5 ImOI +829.1 666.9 943.4 167.0 ImOa +755.3 689.5 1034.8 178.0 ImOf 704.7 1062.2 220.7 ImOap 533.4 1300.0 lOt SOd 752.9 SOt 1086.9 -E:OSr 1278.9 SDp OSk OSku OSkl OSkb £Of 1278.9 £Ofu £Ofch £Ofr 1278.9 -E:Ofc trace ubSU 1511.5 ubSS 1524.6 U£sl 1535.6 Im-E:c Im-E:ch Im-E:cg Im-E:cf Im-E:ce Im-E:cd Im-E:cc Im-E:cb Im-E:ca l£c Pd 1544.1 Ps PI 131 Well re£. J-65 J-76 K-03 K-14 K-24 K-29 Candel Imperial Aquit Candel Ashland Amoco Well Tate Mac Dodo Fort Norman Tedji Red Dog name J-65 No. I Canyon K-14 Lake K-29 K-03 K-24 Lat. 64.24.39 65.15.30 65.02.33 64.53.42 67.43.38 64.08.43 Long. 125.26.48 126.59.00 126.46.14 125.18.08 126.49.56 125.34.55 LSS J65643012515 J76652012645 K03651 012645 K14650012515 K24675012645 K29641012530 TD 2834.0 958.9 2746.3 856.5 1213.1 2148.8 KB 607.5 50.9 308.5 115.5 346.9 560.5 Mes B B B B uDi 194.8 598.6 uDij uDic muDh 1142.7 559.3 1274.1 uDc 559.3 1274.1 uDca mDrr 586.7 mDrp 704.4 mDrst mDhigy 1172.6 737.0 mDhibk 1142.7 1326.2 mDhib 1205.2 891.5 1447.8 mDhu 1221.0 900.1 1462.1 mDhm 1252.4 1523.7 mDhh 1297.5 1555.4 B +560.5 ImDl 1344.5 1580.7 B +306.6 +527.0 ImDa 1395.1 1598.4 +182.3 +322.8 ImDf 1419.5 1627.3 +146.6 ImDap 1587.1 125.3 lOt SDd 329.5 SDt £OSr 1710.2 1980.9 560.5 +136.2 SDp OSk 1980.9 +136.2 OSku OSkl OSkb £Of 1710.2 2004.7 560.5 +41.8 £Ofu 2004.7 £Ofch 1710.2 2018.4 560.5 +41.8 £Ofr 1870.5 2195.8 387.7 £Ofc 2118.0 2384.8 500.5 U£su 2424.4 582.8 U£ss 631.5 U£sl 682.8 Im£c 706.8 Im£ch Im£cg Im£cf 706.8 Im£ce 710.2 Im£cd 726.0 Im£cc 747.3 Im£cb 757.1 Im£ca 773.9 I£c 794.9 Pd Ps 800.4 PI 132 Well K-44 K-71 K-76 L-04 L-21 L-28 re£. Union C.S. Sinclair Shell Pex Imperial Well Stopover Bluefish Whitefish Keele N. Colville Seepage name K-44 K-71 River River L-21 Lake K-76 L-04 No. lA Lat. 67.33.31 64.50.30 65.35.32 64.23.37 67.40.37 65.17.40 Long. 123.38.32 125.59.30 124.29.16 125.01.43 126.05.37 126.50.24 LSS K44674012330 K71650012545 K76654012415 L04643012500 L21675012600 L28652012645 TD 942.4 1574.9 1606.9 1293.0 1195.1 498.7 KB 367.0 151.8 241.4 262.7 308.8 68.3 Mes B B B uDi 466.3 B +48.5 uDij uDic muDh 980.8 128.0 uDc 980.8 128.0 uDca mDrr equiv.182.3 mDrp mDrst 232.0 mDhigy 239.6 mDhibk 1046.1 mDhib 1153.1 384.4 mDhu 1170.7 398.7 mDhm 1226.5 mDhh 1271.9 ImDl 1307.6 571.8 ImDa 1343.9 579.7 ImDf 1369.2 689.2 ImDap IDt SDd SDt 703.5 £OSr B +315.2 894.0 B +287.4 SDp OSk 894.0 +287.4 OSku 894.0 OSkl 980.9 OSkb 1031.5 £Of +315.2 1034.5 +131.1 £Ofu £Ofch +315.2 ? +131.1 £Ofr +111.6 1034.5 191.1 £Ofc 110.9 1249.1 454.8 U£su 197.5 1264.6 534.0 U£ss 281.3 1300.9 583.7 U£sl 336.5 1318.6 718.4 Im£c 380.1 1337.5 435.3 737.0 Im£ch Im£cg 380.1 Im£cf 384.1 737.0 Im£ce 751.0 394.5 1337.5 Im£cd 758.0 Im£cc 417.3 1349.7 779.0 Im£cb 433.1 788.8 Im£ca 448.9 809.5 I£c 476.4 837.3 Pd 500.8 Ps 850.7 PI 133 Well L-57 L-66 M-04 M-07 M-43 (M-43) ret. Fault repeated Imperial Candel B.P. B.P. Candex Well Goose Police White Russel Dahadinni name Island Island M-04 M-07 M-43A No. 20 L-57 L-66 Lat. 65.16.34 64.45.38 65.33.56 65.26.58 63.52.59 Long. 126.56.10 125.12.57 123.46.30 123.31.50 124.39.15 LSS L57652012645 L66645012500 M04654012345 M07653012330 M43640012430 TD 509.3 1345.4 482.8 530.1 3130.9 KB 46.9 148.1 210.9 274.6 250.6 Mes B B B B ? uDi 3.7 +125.6 uDij uDic muDh 352.7 576.4 uDc ? 352.7 576.4 uDca mDrr 394.1 mDrp mDrst mDhigy 686.1 mDhibk 628.8 mDhib 810.2 mDhu 830.6 mDhm 897.7 mDhh 984.5 1108.9 ImDl 1065.0 1156.7 ImDa 235.3 217.0 1241.4 ImDf 1278.0 ImDap 2721.3 lOt SDd SDt £OSr 804.1 SDp OSk OSku OSkl OSkb £Of 804.1 tOfu £Ofch £Ofr ? 804.1 £Ofc 1013.8 utsu 1144.2 utSS utsl Im£c Im£ch Im£cg Im£cf Im£ce Im£cd Im£cc Im£cb Im£ca lE:c Pd Ps PI 134 Well M-48 M-63 N-28 N-30 N-62 N-70 ref. Union Mobil Imperial SOBC Decalta B.P. Well Maunoir Belot Hills Vermilion Great Bear Keele Grey Goose name \1-48 M-63 Ridge River N-62 N-70 No. I N-30 Lat. 66.57.54 67.02.45 65.07.51 64.59.45 64.21.48 65.19.58 Long. 124.24.00 126.27.45 126.05.00 124.04.51 124.57.12 123.42.15 LSS M48670012415 M63671012615 N28651012600 N306500 12400 N62643012445 N706520 12330 TO 862.6 1283.5 1820.3 766.6 1279.9 685.8 KB 382.8 461. 8 281. 9 252.4 225.6 217.9 Mes B B B uDi uDij uDic muDh B +281.9 uDc uDca mDrr mDrp mDrst mDhigy +169.2 mDhibk +281.9 mDhib +153.9 mDhu +138.7 mDhm B +461.8 +83.8 mDhh +50.3 ImDl +394.7 +22.9 433.4 436.8 ImDa 3.0 481.3 ImDf 33.5 505.4 ImDap lOt SOd SOt £OSr B +317.3 +355.4 281. 9 640.4 SDp OSk 281.9 OSku OSkJ OSkb £Of +317.3 +355.4 291.1 640.4 £Ofu £Ofch +355.4 291. I £Ofr ? +317.3 ? 486.2 ? 640.4 £Ofc +157.0 228.6 trace 848.9 U£su +98.5 292.9 570.0 U£ss J0.1 331. 9 623.3 U£sJ 165.2 407.8 1418.8 Im£c 184.4 444.4 1455.4 899.2 Im£ch 184.4 Im£cg 220.7 444.4 Im£cf 242.0 Im£ce 278.6 482.2 Im£cd 292.0 494. I Im£cc 302.7 529.2 Im£cb 311. 5 531. 6 Im£ca 361.2 550.2 l£c 377 .3 586.7 Pd 601. I Ps 430.4 713.2 PI 135 Well 0-13 0-17 O-Itl P-05 P-llt P-78 ref. Cdn. Res. Pacific Pacific Imperial Cdn. Res. Decalta Well Keller Lake Judile Judile Mac Keller Lake Redstone name 0-13 0-17 O-Itl No.2 P-llt P-78 Lat. 61t.12.53 65.26.53 65.30.lt5 65.11t.51 61t.13.53 61t.07.57 Long. 122.17.25 127.32.35 127.38.00 127.00.22 122.32.00 121t.28.15 LSS 0136lt2012215 017653012730 Olt165lt012730 P05652012700 Pllt6lt2012230 P786ltlOI2lt15 TD 9lt1.8 576.1 1t31.1t 901.6 1t81t.3 1185.7 KB 1t57.2 55.8 56.7 93.0 392.3 176.2 Mes B B B B B B uDi 29.0 59. I 253.9 uOij uOic muOh 327.7 317 .9 626.1t 301t.5 uOc 327.7 317.9 626.1t uOca 3lt1.1 thin mOrr 3lt3.2 358.1 651t.7 mOrp 1t66.9 783.3 mOrst 1t79.1t mOhigy 1t96.5 801.3 315.8 mDhibk 301t.5 mDhib 377 .3 mDhu 381.6 mOhm 1t21. 2 mDhh 1t85.2 ImDl +53.0 530.1t ImOa +101t.5 +27.1 571.2 ImOf +73.5 21.0 622.1t lmOap lOt SOd SOt 125.0 £OSr SDp OSk OSku OSkl OSkb £Of £Ofu £Ofch £Ofr £Ofc U£su U£ss U£sl Im£c Im£ch Im£cg Im£cf Im£ce Im£cd Im£cc Im£cb Im£ca I£c Pd Ps PI 136 APPENDIX ~ Revision of Peel River Area Geological Data As a result of the present study, some minor revisions of a few tops and thicknesses in the previously published (Pugh, 1983) Peel River area borehole data are necessary: I. Mount Cap-Saline River boundary (op. cit., Appendices 2 and 3, Figs. 4, 5 and 24). Borehole Mount Cap Formation reference Mount Cap Formation corrected top Lower clastic member Saline River Formation number corrected thickness corrected thickness corrected thickness Borehole Subsea footage elevation 0-40 167 m (548 ft.) 6502 ft. 1765 m (5792 ft.) 29 m (96 ft.) 136 m (446 ft.) 1-11 75 m (246 ft.) 6182 ft. 1757 m (5764 ft.) 29 m (94 ft.) 157 m (516 ft.) J-42 >53 m (>173 ft.) 6537 ft. 1667 m (5469 ft.) 13 m (43 ft.) 166 m (545 ft.) 2. Canol Formation, lower boundary to include Allochthonous limestone (op. cit., Appendix 2, Fig. 16). Borehole Canol Formation reference corrected thickness number A-23 27 m (90 ft.) A-53 7 m (23 ft.) D-53 6 m (21 ft.) D-72 14m (47ft.) G-56 17 m (57 ft.) L-09 apparent 35 m (I 15 ft.) estimate >18 m (>60 ft.) 0-62 17 m (56 ft.) 137