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Water Quality Assessment of Lakes in Mysuru, India - a Case Study

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Water Quality Assessment of Lakes in Mysuru, India - a Case Study Published by : International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) http://www.ijert.org ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol. 8 Issue 06, June-2019 Water Quality Assessment of Lakes in Mysuru, India - A Case Study Adarsh. S Manasa. M P 1Assistant Professor 1Assistant Professor Department of Civil Engineering, Vidya Vikas Institute of Department of Civil Engineering, Vidya Vikas Institute of Engineering and Technology, Mysuru 570028, INDIA Engineering and Technology, Mysuru 570028, INDIA Dr. Shesha Prakash. M N (CONTACT AUTHOR) Vice Principal and Professor Department of Civil Engineering, Vidya Vikas Institute of Engineering and Technology, Mysuru 570028, INDIA Abstract: Mysuru district lies in the southern part of Karnataka (lentic), like ponds, lakes, and reservoirs etc. Rivers attracted (12° 18' 26'' North Latitude and 76° 38' 59'' East Longitude). more attention by providing water for large scale activities Presently the city is supplied with Cauvery river as source and are defined as a relatively large volume of water moving though sufficient quantum of bulk water is available, due to within a visible channel, including sub surface water moving inadequate distribution network, the water distribution is not in the same direction and the associated flood plain and uniform wherein some areas getting excess and many areas receiving very less quantity of water supply. Mysuru district riparian vegetation. Both streams and rivers as ecological comprises of many lakes which can also be used as a source for systems are highly variable over space and time, and exhibit distribution of water during periods of shortage. Research work high degrees of connectivity between systems longitudinally, aims to bring out the assessment of quality of lakes in Mysore; laterally and vertically. (N. Athira.et.al 2014). result shows that lakes are polluted due to the disposal of sewage The lakes comprise the one of the most productive ecosystem. or through the industrial effluents. Lake environments are comprised of physical, chemical and Due to rapid increase in population, exponential organic properties contained inside these water bodies. industrialization and urbanization, etc. several water bodies, in Numerous living beings rely upon freshwater for endurance and around Mysuru exposed to various forms of environmental and humans commonly depends upon lakes for a considerable degradations. This leads to aggregations of phytoplankton, macro algae and occasionally colourless heterotrophic protists number of ‘goods and services’, for example, drinking water, can discolour the water giving rise to foam. Due to this, there is waste removal, fisheries, agricultural irrigation, industrial reduction in DO (Dissolved Oxygen) level which ultimately activity and recreation. Hence lakes represent imperative disturbs the ecological balance of the lake and finally leads to biological communities. The study of water variables of a lake eutrophication in water bodies. In the present work, the ecosystem plays an important role to determine the biological Kukkarahalli Lake, Karanji Lake, Dalvoy Lake situated in production. The changes in these variables of aquatic different locations in Mysuru, Karnataka, India has been ecosystem also showed considerable impact on the biological selected as case study and its physico-chemical water quality diversity. Therefore an accurate evolution of the physico- parameters have been analysed. The results show fluctuation of chemical variables in Lake Ecosystem is significant for the values. This study reveals the current status of the all the above mentioned three Lakes in terms of water quality and controlling pollution. (Rama Kumari.et.al 2018). Lakes serves thereby suggestions are listed to improve the quality by eco as an important life support system by helping in recharging remediation measures. of aquifers and regulating hydrological regimes. Restoration and recharge of water table is possible due to lakes, so the Keywords: Kukkarahalli Lake, Karanji Lake, Dalvoy Lake, Mysuru lakes play an important role in human life. (K C Khare.et.al city, Physico-chemical variables, water quality. 2008) Lakes are dynamic ecosystem that reflects their specific lake 1. INTRODUCTION: basin characteristics, variations in climate and biological Water is indispensable and one of the most abundant components. The size of the lake basin, its depth and volume, resources of nature and prime necessity for the survival of quantity and quality of water that enters the lake are important life. So the availability of water both in terms of quality and considerations. Lake management activities are implemented quantity is essential for the existence of living world. The on the basis of this information, including surface use rapid industrialization, urbanization and modern civilization regulations, aeration, and native and exotic aquatic plant (increased population) have lead to the increasing demand for management. Important water quality issues include the water in domestic, agricultural and industrial sectors. Surface biological productivity of a lake (trophic state), water water comprises of flowing fresh water system (lotic), such chemistry profiles, regional water quality comparisons, as, river, streams, canals etc. and static fresh water system nutrient concentrations, water transparency, specific IJERTV8IS060249 www.ijert.org 270 (This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.) Published by : International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) http://www.ijert.org ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol. 8 Issue 06, June-2019 pollutants and historical trends. Lake management issues, related to the physical characteristics of the lake will require data on the surface area, shape, depth and volume of the lake. The inlet and outlet characteristics and bottom types are also important. (Parul Baranwal.et.al.)The quality and quantity of these resources is an indicator of sustainable development of a country. Water bodies like lakes and rivers located in urban cities provide market and non-market benefits like boating, recreation, nature viewing, climate amelioration, water flow Fig. 1 Location of Mysore city-India regulation, carbon sequestration etc. (P. Chaudhry.et.al 2013). Water contamination is becoming the most serious threat to 1.2 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LAKES: human health. It has been estimated that about 80% of all the Kukkarahalli Lake located in the heart of the Mysuru city, diseases in mankind are due to one or the other unhealthy adjoins the Manasagangotri (University of Mysore), the aspects of water. Contamination of lakes and other reservoirs Kalamandir (Rangyana) and the Central Food Technological is seen as one of the commonly occurring phenomenon in Research Institute (CFTRI) campus (separated by the Hunsur almost all developing nation, especially urban ones, due to Road). It provides lung-space to the city. Mummadi demographic expansion coupled with lack of civic amenities Krishnaraja Wodeyar, (1794–1868) of the Mysore Dynasty results in hitting these natural water reservoirs very hard. (Kingdom of Mysore) was responsible for getting the lake Majority of the urban and rural lakes have vanished due to created, in the year 1864, to provide water for irrigation to this human neglect and the others which could sustain this about 4000 ha (10,000 acres) of land outside the city. The pressure, present non-potable water or are not able to meet Lake also used to be a source of water supply to the city of human requirements. (Ravinder Kumar.et.al 2018). Mysore but over the years, sewage and excessive land The aim of this research is to determine Physico-chemical and encroachments (mostly illegal) and blockage of water flow biological parameters of water pollution in Kukkarahalli sources almost led to the eutrophication of the lake. The Lake, Karanji Lake, Dalvoy Lake of Mysuru city with a view University of Mysore and the citizen forums of Mysore to reveal information about its water quality, the impact of continue to make efforts to preserve the lake by implementing water pollution on the aquatic ecosystem and public health of several remedial measures. The Lake drains a catchment area the Kukkarahalli Lake, Karanji Lake, Dalvoy Lake of Mysore of more than 414 square kms (160 sq. mi) and the water body city. It will also help in conservation, effective utilization, and spreads over 62 hectares (150 acres). Dewan Poornaiah feeder sustainable exploitation of the vast aquatic resources that canal, 27 km (17 mi) long, which passes through Hinkal, abound in the lake along with aquatic life. Bogadi, Kudremala and Manasagangotri outfalls into the Lake. The Lake is ‘J’ shaped. The maximum depth of lake is 1.1 DESCRIPTION OF STUDY AREA: reported to be 5 m (16 ft.). The east-west bund holds water on Mysore city is geographically located between 12° 18' 26'' one side. Sandy loams to clay loam form the dominant North Latitude and 76° 38' 59'' East Longitude. It is located at geological condition of the Lake. On the northern side another an altitude of 2,427 feet. It encompasses an area of 6,268 sq. temporary bund hold back the direct flow of waste water into o o km., the temperature varying between 14 C and 35 C. The the lake. The highest flood level in the lake is 755.73 m weather of Mysuru is pleasant throughout the year. Mysore (2,479.4 ft.).(Hanieh Farzaneh.et.al 2016). city is located in the southern part of the Deccan Plateau. Karanji Lake, located in the heart of the Mysuru city in the Location map of Mysuru city is as shown in Fig 1. It is a state of Karnataka, India. It was constructed by Maharaja of beautiful land, bordered by luxuriant forests. Mysuru is Mysore. It is one of the biggest lakes in Karnataka and located 140 km from the city of gardens, Bengaluru (Hanieh spreads over an area of 90 acres with a water spread area of Farzaneh.et.al 2016). Mysuru has several large and small about 55 hectares. This lake is the site for largest walk water bodies. Some of the major lakes are Kukkarahalli Lake, through aviary in India. It is an abode for more than 90 Lingambudi Lake, Devanoor Lake, Dalvoy Lake and Karanji species of native and migratory birds, butterflies and Lake.
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