DOCSLIB.ORG

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA 2.1 Famili Polypodiaceae Kerajaan

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA 2.1 Famili Polypodiaceae Kerajaan BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA 2.1 Famili Polypodiaceae Kerajaan (Kingdom) : Plantae Divisi (Divisio) : Pteridophyta Kelas (Classis) : Pteridopsida Bangsa (Ordo) : Polypodiales Suku (Familia) : Polypodiaceae (Holttum, 1986) Famili Polypodiaceae, merupakan bagian dari kelas Polypodiosida atau Pteridosida. Polypodiaceae merupakan nama takson pada tingkat suku (famili) yang merupakan salah satu famili tumbuhan paku terbesar dan mempunyai habitat di daerah tropis (Chiou dalam Muhimmatin, 2016). Eames (dalam Muhimmatin, 2016) mengatakan bahwa dari semua tumbuhan paku yang hidup, sebagian besar adalah anggota Polypodiaceae, sehingga Polypodiaceae adalah suatu suku yang disebut sebagai paku-pakuan umum. Dalam klasifikasi tumbuhan, batasan anggota dari suku Polypodiaceae belum jelas karena terdapat perbedaan pendapat diantara ahli taksonomi. Perbedaan pendapat tersebut akibat dasar klasifikasi dan pemilihan ciri taksonomi yang berbeda-beda. Suatu organisme yang sama, dengan pemilihan sifat atau ciri taksonomi yang berbeda dapat menghasilkan versi klasifikasi yang berbeda. Sehingga organisme yang mana saja yang termasuk anggota suatu kelompok adalah tergantung pada dasar yang digunakan untuk mengelompokan (Ariyanto, 2014). Polypodiaceae meliputi beberapa genus, seperti: Dipteris, Cheiropleuria, Platycerium, Drynaria, Pyrrosia, Drymoglossum, Belvisia, Selligue, Colysis, 8 Loxogramme, Lepisorus, Lemmaphyllum, Microsorium, Phymatodes, Polypodium (Piggott, 1988). Spesies dari Polypodiaceae kebanyakan epifit, rimpang yang menjalar ditanah atau pepohonan, dengan ental yang bentuknya beraneka ragam. Banyak anggotanya yang merupakan tanaman hias seperti Drynaria dan Platycerium (Tjitrosoepomo, 1994). 2.1.1 Deskripsi Jenis Famili Polypodiaceae 1. Dipteris Gambar 2.1 Dipteris conjugata Reinw (Piggott, 1988) Termasuk ke dalam golongan paku terestrial dengan bentuk pertumbuhan tegak, tingginya dapat mencapai hingga 130 cm atau lebih. Hidup pada hutan dataran rendah yaitu pada ketinggian 800 hingga 1000 mdpl. Daun berbentuk tunggal, dan membundar menjari. Daun berwarna hijau terang. Sorus terletak di bawah permukaan daun berwarna kuning dan tersebar di bagian bawah daun (Arini, 2012). 9 2. Cheiropleuria Gambar 2.2 Cheiropleuria bicuspis (Piggott, 1988) Hidup didaratan tinggi atau pegunungan, memiliki daun tunggal. Terdapat daun fertil dan steril, fertil dan steril memiliki bentuk yang berbeda. Ukuran daun fertil 10-12 cm sedangkan daun steril 20 cm, dengan stipe yang panjang. Sorus berwarna coklat muda (Piggott, 1988). 3. Platycerium Habitat epifit, rimpangnya tertutup oleh daun penyangga. Daun penyangga tumbuh tegak dan mempunyai banyak lekukan. Daun fertil berjumbai dengan panjang mencapai 1 meter. Bentuk daun fertil menyerupai tanduk, pada bagian bawah daun terdapat bulu tipis dan spora yang saling berdekatan dan menutupi seluruh permukaan ujung daun (Sastrapradja, 1980: 109). a b Gambar 2.3 Platycerium a) Sorus Platycerium bifurcatum (Arini, 2012) b) Sorus Platycerium coronarium (Piggott, 1988) 10 a) Platycerium bifurcatum memiliki kantung-kantung spora yang terdapat diujung daun bagian bawah. Letaknya saling berdekatan menutupi seluruh ujung daun tersebut. b) Platycerium coronarium letak sorusnya pada bagian bawah daun fertil yang berbentuk menyerupai mangkuk terbalik. 4. Drynaria a b Gambar 2.4 Drynaria a) Drynaria quercifolia (L.) J.Sm. (Rambe, 2014) b) Drynaria rigidula (Arini, 2012) a) Drynaria quercifolia (L.) J.Sm. digolongkan ke dalam paku terestrial dan epifit. Daun tunggal yang dapat tumbuh tinggi hingga mencapai 150 cm atau lebih. Permukaan daun berwarna hijau kusam dan kaku. Kedudukan anak daun berselang-seling. Kedudukan spora menyebar di seluruh bawah permukaan daun, dengan bentuk bulat. Dikenal dengan nama lokal paku daun kepala tupai dan banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai tanaman hias. (Arini, 2012). b) Drynaria rigidula Bedd. digolongkan dalam kelompok paku epipit. Tumbuh pada tempat yang banyak mendapatkan sinar matahari. Termasuk daun majemuk, anak daun berjumlah 6-18 setiap 11 helainya. Daun berwarna hijau tua dan tekstur keras. Tepi daun bergerigi halus (Arini, 2012). 5. Pyrrosia a b c Gambar 2.5 Pyrrosia a) Daun steril dan fertil Pyrrosia lanccolata (Piggott, 1988) b) Sorus Pyrrosia longifolia (Rambe, 2014) c) Sorus Pyrrosia stigmosa (Piggott, 1988) a) Pyrrosia lanccolata sangat umum dijumpai didaerah lembab, efipit pada pepohonan tua dan dibebatuan. Daun steril berbentuk oval (4 cm) dan daun fertil memanjang (13 cm) dengan sorus yang bergerombol menutupi sebagian daun (Piggott, 1988). b) Pyrrosia longifolia memiliki rimpangnya menjalar panjang dengan diameter 2-3 mm, bersisik. Sisik-sisiknya berwarna merah kecoklatan dengan warna gelap. Umumnya panjang daun 20-60 cm, terkadang mencapai 100 cm. Memiliki dua jenis daun yaitu daun fertile dan steril. Sorus tumbuh hanya satu sepertiga dari bagian daun fertile. Daun fertil lebih panjang dari daun steril dan terdapat sorusnya (kotak spora), spora berada di tepi daun dan berada di sepertiga bagian daun (Holttum, 1968). 12 c) Pyrrosia stigmosa memiliki rimpang pendek dengan diameter 5 mm, panjang stipe 10-25 cm. Panjang daun 20-45 cm dengan lebar 2,5-5,5 cm (Holttum, 1968). Daun steril memiliki rambut coklat yang tebal dan daun fertil dengan sorus menempel dilapisan rambut (Piggott, 1988). 6. Drymoglossum Gambar. 2.6 Drymoglosum piloselloides (Rambe, 2014) Drymoglosum piloselloides merupakan jenis tumbuhan paku yang banyak dijumpai menempel pada pohon teh dan pohon-pohon tinggi lainnya di daerah yang mempunyai curah hujan tinggi. Rimpangnya menjulur dan ditutupi oleh sisik yang bulat dan kecil yang menyerupai sisik naga. Karena sifat inilah jenis paku ini disebut sisik naga. Memiliki daun fertil dan steril. Daun steril kecil, berbentuk bulat dengan garis tengah 1-2 cm. Sedangkan daun fertil lebih panjang dari daun steril seringkali dapat mencapai panjang 12 cm. Sori yang merupakan alat perkembang biakan, letaknya menggerombol dan terdapat ditepi daun. (Sastrapaja,1985). 13 7. Belvisia a b Gambar 2.7 Belvisia a) Belvisia spicata (Rambe, 2014) b) Belvisia revoluta (Piggott, 1988) a) Jenis yang sering dijumpai dari genus belvisia adalah Belvisia spicata (L.f) Copel. merupakan jenis paku efipit menempel pada tumbuhan hidup dan batu-batu. Tinggi tumbuhan dapat mencapai 18 cm. Daun merupakan daun tunggal, berwarna hijau muda. Panjang dan lebar daun masing-masing 15 cm dan 2 cm. Daun berbentuk lanset dengan ujungnya menyirip dan tepi rata. Sorus atau spora berada di ujung daun dengan bentuk memanjang berwarna coklat kehitaman (Arini, 2012). b) Belvisia revoluta memiliki sorus di ujung daun berbentuk runcing, sorus tersebar di atas permukaan di ujung dan berwarna kecoklatan. Hidup epifit (menempel) di batang pepohonan, akar pendek merambat. Memiliki dua jenis ental, ental steril memiliki panjang 11cm, berbentuk lanset, ental fertile dengan panjang 18-22cm (Piggott, 1988). 14 8. Selligue a b Gambar 2.8 Selligue a) Selligue lima (Piggott, 1988) b) Sorus Selligue lima (Piggott, 1988) Efipit pada pohon, umumnya didaratan tinggi atau pegunungan. Rimpang menjalar, daun tunggal dan kasar. Daun steril sekitar 21 × 2,3 cm dan daun fertil 27 × 1,2 cm. Sorus bulat tenggelam dibawah permukaan daun (Piggott, 1988). 9. Colysis a b Gambar 2.9 Colysis a) Sorus Colysis pedunculata (Piggott, 1988) b) Sorus Colysis macrophylla (Piggott, 1988) a) Colysis pedunculata efipit pada pohon dan bebatuan. Panjang dan lebar daun steril masing-masing 18 × 3,3 cm dan daun fertil 12×1 cm sorus menyebar dari ibu tulang daun ke tepi (Piggott, 1988). 15 b) Colysis macrophylla efipit pada pohon atau semak di hutan dataran rendah. Panjang daun fertil 23 cm dengan lebar 4,5 cm. Sorus terletak diantara urat daun (Piggott, 1988). 10. Loxogramme a b Gambar. 2.10 Loxogramme a) Loxogramme avenia (BI.) Presl. (Piggott, 1988). b) Sorus Loxogramme avenia (BI.) Presl. (Piggott, 1988). Rizome pendek merayap dengan daun yang saling berhimpitan antara yang satu dengan lainnya. Daun tidak memiliki tangkai dengan panjang sekitar 20-70 cm dan lebar sekitar 1,5-6 cm. Tekstur daun sedikit berdaging dan tulang daun terlihat jelas di tengah. Sorus terletak di setengah bagian atas daun, hampir lurus, sangat miring, biasanya mulai dari dekat tulang daun sampai ke tepi daun (Holttum, 1968: 167-168). 11. Lepisorus Gambar 2.11 Daun fertil Lepisorus longifolius (Piggott, 1988) 16 Efipit pada pohon dataran rendah dan pegunungan, terkadang dibebatuan dan tembok. Sorus memanjang dan tenggelam dilamina dari barisan dekat tepi daun dengan warna coklat kekuningan. Panjang daun mencapai 50 cm dengan lebar 3 cm (Piggott, 1988). 12. Lemmaphyllum Gambar 2.12 Lemmaphyllum accendens (Piggott, 1988) Rizome panjang merayap, diameter 1 mm dengan rambut yang menempel. Memiliki daun steril oval dan daun fertil bulat dengan ujung meruncing, panjang daun steril 15 cm. Sorus terlihat jelas diujung daun sepanjang 6 cm. 13. Microsorium a b c Gambar 2.13 Microsorium a) Daun fertil Microsorium sarawakense (Piggott, 1988) b) Daun fertil Microsorium zippelii (Piggott, 1988) c) Microsorium punctatum (Piggott, 1988) 17 a) Microsorium sarawakense efipit dipohon maupun dibebatuan atau tembok, pada umumnya terdapat dipegunungan, daun tunggal, panjang daun 18 cm dengan lebar 2,7 cm dengan sorus bulat (Piggott, 1988). b) Microsorium zippelii efipit dibebatuan atau pepohonan yang berada dihutan atau pegunungan, daun tunggal dengan panjang 35 cm, pada permukaan daun fertil terdapat sorus bulat dengan 2 baris diantara vena (Piggott, 1988). c) Microsorium punctatum epifit, seperti di pohon
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Staghorn Fern - Platycerium Bifurcatum Platycerium Bifurcatum Is an Amazing Fern That Is Native to Eastern Australia
    Staghorn Fern - Platycerium bifurcatum Platycerium bifurcatum is an amazing fern that is native to eastern Australia. It is one of eighteen species in the Platycerium genus, all of whom share a very dramatic, sculptural style. At first glance, most observers would not recognize these plants as ferns at all, since they are anything but ferny! Instead, the fronds of these beautiful, silvery green stunners resemble the antlers of elk or deer, which is why they have earned the common name of Staghorn or Elkhorn Fern. The resemblance is only heightened by the fact that they are epiphytes and grow outwards as if a large buck had left his rack hanging there. Platycerium bifurctum can easily be grown outdoors in subtropical gardens, but here in St. Louis we can imitate their native environment by mounting them on wooden plaques that can be brought indoors once the temperatures begin to cool. These plaques make striking decorations for a porch or patio. Learn how to craft your own on the next page. a few words on the anatomy of a staghorn • Staghorn ferns are epiphytes, clinging and growing vertically on tall trees or rock surfaces. They derive moisture and nutrients from the air and rain, supplemented by the plant debris that accumulates around their anchoring structures. • While the anchors for most epiphytes (such as orchids and bromeliads) are aerial roots or rhizomes, staghorn ferns add a covering layer of thick, spongy fronds that make a basket or inverted plate-like structure over the short, creeping rhizomes, providing a rooting media for the arching foliage fronds.
    [Show full text]
  • Australia Lacks Stem Succulents but Is It Depauperate in Plants With
    Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Australia lacks stem succulents but is it depauperate in plants with crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM)? 1,2 3 3 Joseph AM Holtum , Lillian P Hancock , Erika J Edwards , 4 5 6 Michael D Crisp , Darren M Crayn , Rowan Sage and 2 Klaus Winter In the flora of Australia, the driest vegetated continent, [1,2,3]. Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), a water- crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), the most water-use use efficient form of photosynthesis typically associated efficient form of photosynthesis, is documented in only 0.6% of with leaf and stem succulence, also appears poorly repre- native species. Most are epiphytes and only seven terrestrial. sented in Australia. If 6% of vascular plants worldwide However, much of Australia is unsurveyed, and carbon isotope exhibit CAM [4], Australia should host 1300 CAM signature, commonly used to assess photosynthetic pathway species [5]. At present CAM has been documented in diversity, does not distinguish between plants with low-levels of only 120 named species (Table 1). Most are epiphytes, a CAM and C3 plants. We provide the first census of CAM for the mere seven are terrestrial. Australian flora and suggest that the real frequency of CAM in the flora is double that currently known, with the number of Ellenberg [2] suggested that rainfall in arid Australia is too terrestrial CAM species probably 10-fold greater. Still unpredictable to support the massive water-storing suc- unresolved is the question why the large stem-succulent life — culent life-form found amongst cacti, agaves and form is absent from the native Australian flora even though euphorbs.
    [Show full text]
  • ABC Botanica 2-17.Indd
    ACTA BIOLOGICA CRACOVIENSIA Series Botanica 59/2: 17–30, 2017 DOI: 10.1515/abcsb-2017-0011 POLSKA AKADEMIA NAUK ODDZIAŁ W KRAKOWIE A LOW RATIO OF RED/FAR-RED IN THE LIGHT SPECTRUM ACCELERATES SENESCENCE IN NEST LEAVES OF PLATYCERIUM BIFURCATUM JAKUB OLIWA, ANDRZEJ KORNAS* AND ANDRZEJ SKOCZOWSKI** Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Cracow, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Kraków, Poland Received June 10, 2017; revision accepted September 18, 2017 The fern Platycerium bifurcatum is a valuable component of the flora of tropical forests, where degradation of local ecosystems and changes in lighting conditions occur due to the increasing anthropogenic pressure. In ferns, phytochrome mechanism responsible for the response to changes in the value of R/FR differs from the mechanism observed in spermatophytes. This study analyzed the course of ontogenesis of nest leaves in P. bifurcatum at two values of the R/FR ratio, corresponding to shadow conditions (low R/FR) and intense insolation (high R/FR). The work used only non-destructive research analysis, such as measurements of reflectance of radiation from the leaves, their blue-green and red fluorescence, and the chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics. This allowed tracing the development and aging processes in the same leaves. Nest leaves are characterized by short, intense growth and rapid senescence. The study identified four stages of development of the studied leaves related to morphological and anatomical structure and changing photochemical efficiency of PSII. Under the high R/FR ratio, the rate of ontogenesis of the leaf lamina was much slower than under the low R/FR value. As shown, the rapid aging of the leaves was correlated with faster decline of the chlorophyll content.
    [Show full text]
  • Morphological and Anatomical Adaptations to Dry, Shady Environments in Adiantum Reniforme Var
    Morphological and anatomical adaptations to dry, shady environments in Adiantum reniforme var. sinense (Pteridaceae) Di Wu1, Linbao Li1, Xiaobo Ma1, Guiyun Huang1 and Chaodong Yang2 1 Rare Plants Research Institute of Yangtze River, Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, China 2 Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agriculture Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China ABSTRACT The natural distribution of the rare perennial fern Adiantum reniforme var. sinense (Pteridaceae), which is endemic to shady cliff environments, is limited to small areas of Wanzhou County, Chongqing, China. In this study, we used brightfield and epifluorescence microscopy to investigate the anatomical structures and histochemical features that may allow this species to thrive in shady, dry cliff environments. The A. reniforme var. sinense sporophyte had a primary structure and a dictyostele. The plants of this species had an endodermis, sclerenchyma layers and hypodermal sterome, reflecting an adaption to dry cliff environments. Blades had a thin cuticle and isolateral mesophyll, suggesting a tolerance of shady environments. These characteristics are similar to many sciophyte ferns such as Lygodium japonicum and Pteris multifida. Thus, the morphological and anatomical characteristics of A. reniforme var. sinense identified in this study are consistent with adaptations to shady, dry cliff environments. Subjects Conservation Biology, Plant Science Keywords Endodermis, Dictyostele, Sclerenchyma layer, Suberin lamellae, Thin cuticle Submitted 14 April 2020 Accepted 24 August 2020 INTRODUCTION Published 30 September 2020 Adiantum reniforme var. sinense (Pteridaceae, subfamily Vittarioideae) is a rare Corresponding authors Guiyun Huang, cliff-dwelling perennial pteridophyte, with a natural distribution limited to small areas of [email protected] Wanzhou County, Chongqing, China.
    [Show full text]
  • Microsorum 3 Tohieaense (Polypodiaceae)
    Systematic Botany (2018), 43(2): pp. 397–413 © Copyright 2018 by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists DOI 10.1600/036364418X697166 Date of publication June 21, 2018 Microsorum 3 tohieaense (Polypodiaceae), a New Hybrid Fern from French Polynesia, with Implications for the Taxonomy of Microsorum Joel H. Nitta,1,2,3 Saad Amer,1 and Charles C. Davis1 1Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Harvard University Herbaria, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA 2Current address: Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Japan, 305-0005 3Author for correspondence ([email protected]) Communicating Editor: Alejandra Vasco Abstract—A new hybrid microsoroid fern, Microsorum 3 tohieaense (Microsorum commutatum 3 Microsorum membranifolium) from Moorea, French Polynesia is described based on morphology and molecular phylogenetic analysis. Microsorum 3 tohieaense can be distinguished from other French Polynesian Microsorum by the combination of sori that are distributed more or less in a single line between the costae and margins, apical pinna wider than lateral pinnae, and round rhizome scales with entire margins. Genetic evidence is also presented for the first time supporting the hybrid origin of Microsorum 3 maximum (Microsorum grossum 3 Microsorum punctatum), and possibly indicating a hybrid origin for the Hawaiian endemic Microsorum spectrum. The implications of hybridization for the taxonomy of microsoroid ferns are discussed, and a key to the microsoroid ferns of the Society Islands is provided. Keywords—gapCp, Moorea, rbcL, Society Islands, Tahiti, trnL–F. Hybridization, or interbreeding between species, plays an et al. 2008). However, many species formerly placed in the important role in evolutionary diversification (Anderson 1949; genus Microsorum on the basis of morphology (Bosman 1991; Stebbins 1959).
    [Show full text]
  • Polypodiaceae (PDF)
    This PDF version does not have an ISBN or ISSN and is not therefore effectively published (Melbourne Code, Art. 29.1). The printed version, however, was effectively published on 6 June 2013. Zhang, X. C., S. G. Lu, Y. X. Lin, X. P. Qi, S. Moore, F. W. Xing, F. G. Wang, P. H. Hovenkamp, M. G. Gilbert, H. P. Nooteboom, B. S. Parris, C. Haufler, M. Kato & A. R. Smith. 2013. Polypodiaceae. Pp. 758–850 in Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong, eds., Flora of China, Vol. 2–3 (Pteridophytes). Beijing: Science Press; St. Louis: Missouri Botanical Garden Press. POLYPODIACEAE 水龙骨科 shui long gu ke Zhang Xianchun (张宪春)1, Lu Shugang (陆树刚)2, Lin Youxing (林尤兴)3, Qi Xinping (齐新萍)4, Shannjye Moore (牟善杰)5, Xing Fuwu (邢福武)6, Wang Faguo (王发国)6; Peter H. Hovenkamp7, Michael G. Gilbert8, Hans P. Nooteboom7, Barbara S. Parris9, Christopher Haufler10, Masahiro Kato11, Alan R. Smith12 Plants mostly epiphytic and epilithic, a few terrestrial. Rhizomes shortly to long creeping, dictyostelic, bearing scales. Fronds monomorphic or dimorphic, mostly simple to pinnatifid or 1-pinnate (uncommonly more divided); stipes cleanly abscising near their bases or not (most grammitids), leaving short phyllopodia; veins often anastomosing or reticulate, sometimes with included veinlets, or veins free (most grammitids); indument various, of scales, hairs, or glands. Sori abaxial (rarely marginal), orbicular to oblong or elliptic, occasionally elongate, or sporangia acrostichoid, sometimes deeply embedded, sori exindusiate, sometimes covered by cadu- cous scales (soral paraphyses) when young; sporangia with 1–3-rowed, usually long stalks, frequently with paraphyses on sporangia or on receptacle; spores hyaline to yellowish, reniform, and monolete (non-grammitids), or greenish and globose-tetrahedral, trilete (most grammitids); perine various, usually thin, not strongly winged or cristate.
    [Show full text]
  • Fern Gazette
    THE FERN GAZETTE Edited by BoAoThomas lAoCrabbe & Mo6ibby THE BRITISH PTERIDOLOGICAL SOCIETY Volume 14 Part 3 1992 The British Pteridological Society THE FERN GAZETTE VOLUME 14 PART 3 1992 CONTENTS Page MAIN ARTICLES A Revised List of The Pteridophytes of Nevis - B.M. Graham, M.H. Rickard 85 Chloroplast DNA and Morphological Variation in the Fern Genus Platycerium(Polypodiaceae: Pteridophyta) - Johannes M. Sandbrink, Roe/and C.H.J. Van Ham, Jan Van Brederode 97 Pteridophytes of the State of Veracruz, Medico: New Records - M6nica Pa/acios-Rios 119 SHORT NOTES Chromosome Counts for Two Species of Gleichenia subgenus Mertensiafrom Ecuador - Trevor G. Walker 123 REVIEWS Spores of The Pteridophyta - A. C. Jermy 96 Flora Malesiana - A. C. Jermy 123 The pteridophytes of France and their affinities: systematics. chorology, biology, ecology. - B. A. Thoinas 124 THE FERN GAZ ETTE Volume 14 Pa rt 2 wa s publis hed on lO Octobe r 1991 Published by THE BRITISH PTERIDOLOGICAL SOCIETY, c/o Department of Botany, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 580 ISSN 0308-0838 Metloc Printers Ltd .. Caxton House, Old Station Road, Loughton, Essex, IG10 4PE ---------------------- FERN GAZ. 14(3) 1992 85 A REVISED LIST OF THE PTERIDOPHYTES OF NEVIS BMGRAHAM Polpey, Par, Cornwall PL24 2T W MHRICKARD The Old Rectory, Leinthall Starkes, Ludlow, Shropshire SY8 2HP ABSTRACT A revised list of the pteridophytes of Nevis in the Lesser Antilles is given. This includes 14 species not previously recorded for the island. INTRODUCTION Nevis is a small volcanic island in the West Indian Leeward Islands. No specific li st of the ferns has ev er been pu blished, although Proctor (1977) does record each of the species known to occur on the island.
    [Show full text]
  • Platycerium Ferns Summer 2020 Platycerium Ferns Are Some of the Most Beautiful and Majestic Plants in Cultivation
    Platycerium Ferns Summer 2020 Platycerium ferns are some of the most beautiful and majestic plants in cultivation. Common names include “staghorn” or “elkhorn” ferns. The species are found world-wide, primarily in tropical conditions in Southeast Asia and Australia, across to Africa and Madagascar with oddly just one species from South America. Our imported modern hybrids offer growers even more choices. All are best grown on plaques to reach their full, glorious potential (and allow for portability), but can also be mounted directly on trees to create a real jungle look in the garden. Filtered light conditions like a canopy of a tree is the best except for the harder leafed variety, Plat. veitchii, which can take more light-and actually requires that to retain its silvery appearance. Many of the species go slightly dormant during the dry winter months, and can show some browning of the shields. Don’t panic, it is temporary. In the spring they will begin to show new growth activity and will really put on the growth as the warm and wetter summer months prevail. We grow these in our intermediate house and sell them to successful growers from the Pacific Coast to Florida and beyond. CUTURAL NOTES: For optimal growth, we use these terms in the descriptions on the following pages. • Tropical: Recommends a nighttime minimum of 60 °F. • Warm: Expect some damage if temps hit 40 °F at night. • Temperate: Can take 40 °F without damage and slightly colder if protected. To order plants, please contact us via email at [email protected], or by phone at 805-967-1312.
    [Show full text]
  • These Ferns May Be the First Plants Known to Share Work Like Ants the Plants May Form a Type of Communal Lifestyle Never Seen Outside of the Animal Kingdom
    INDEPENDENT JOURNALISM SINCE 1921 NEWS PLANTS These ferns may be the first plants known to share work like ants The plants may form a type of communal lifestyle never seen outside of the animal kingdom Many of this fern colony’s fan-shaped nest fronds (growing closer to the tree trunk) are sterile, while the thinner strap fronds (sticking up and out from between the nest fronds) lift more of the reproductive load for the colony. IAN HUTTON By Jake Buehler JUNE 7, 2021 AT 6:00 AM High in the forest canopy, a mass of strange ferns grips a tree trunk, looking like a giant tangle of floppy, viridescent antlers. Below these fork-leaved fronds and closer into the core of the lush knot are brown, disk-shaped plants. These, too, are ferns of the very same species. The ferns — and possibly similar plants — may form a type of complex, interdependent society previously considered limited to animals like ants and termites, researchers report online May 14 in Ecology. Kevin Burns, a biologist at Victoria University of Wellington in New Zealand, first became familiar with the ferns while conducting fieldwork on Lord Howe Island, an isolated island between Australia and New Zealand. He happened to take note of the local epiphytes — plants that grow upon other plants — and one species particularly caught his attention: the staghorn fern (Platycerium bifurcatum), also native to parts of mainland Australia and Indonesia. “I realized, God, you know, they never occur alone,” says Burns, noting that some of the larger clusters of ferns were massive clumps made of hundreds of individuals.
    [Show full text]
  • ASEAN Heritage Parks 6 the ASEAN Heritage Conference to Discuss Role About the Cover
    CONTENTS VOL. 12 z NO. 2 z MAY-AUGUST 2013 11 24 31 SPECIAL REPORTS 22 4th ASEAN Heritage Parks 6 The ASEAN Heritage Conference to discuss role About the cover. The ever- Parks Programme: of indigenous peoples in expanding network of ASEAN Heritage Parks (AHPs) represents Sustaining ASEAN’s Natural conservation the very best of the species and ecosystems of the ASEAN region, Heritage which provide a substantial 8 The ASEAN Heritage Parks: contribution to global biodiversity FEATURES conservation. From an initial listing Southeast Asia’s best 24 Mangroves: Mother Nature’s of 11 AHPs in 1984, there will be a total of 33 AHPs by 2013 with protected areas best insurance policy the announcement of Makiling 11 Makiling Forest Reserve set 26 Access and benefi t sharing: Forest Reserve of the Philippines as the 33rd ASEAN Heritage Park to joins the ranks of ASEAN solving the battle over at the 4th ASEAN Heritage Parks Conference on 1-4 October. More Heritage Parks biological resources protected areas are expected to 12 Bukit Timah Nature 27 Save the taxonomists, join the ASEAN Heritage Parks Programme, which will benefi t from Reserve: Singapore’s conserve the web of life collaborations, capacity building programmes, and sharing of tropical rainforest 28 This Earth Day, April 22, experiences and best practices in 16 From reef to ridge – A Sunday conserve biodiversity protected area management. stroll through Mt. Malindang 31 25 May, International for Photos provided by ACB and partners from Range Natural Park Biodiversity, Water for ASEAN Member
    [Show full text]
  • Mangrove Guidebook for Southeast Asia
    RAP PUBLICATION 2006/07 MANGROVE GUIDEBOOK FOR SOUTHEAST ASIA The designations and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its frontiers or boundaries. The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors alone and do not imply any opinion whatsoever on the part of FAO. Authored by: Wim Giesen, Stephan Wulffraat, Max Zieren and Liesbeth Scholten ISBN: 974-7946-85-8 FAO and Wetlands International, 2006 Printed by: Dharmasarn Co., Ltd. First print: July 2007 For copies write to: Forest Resources Officer FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific Maliwan Mansion Phra Atit Road, Bangkok 10200 Thailand E-mail: [email protected] ii FOREWORDS Large extents of the coastlines of Southeast Asian countries were once covered by thick mangrove forests. In the past few decades, however, these mangrove forests have been largely degraded and destroyed during the process of development. The negative environmental and socio-economic impacts on mangrove ecosystems have led many government and non- government agencies, together with civil societies, to launch mangrove conservation and rehabilitation programmes, especially during the 1990s. In the course of such activities, programme staff have faced continual difficulties in identifying plant species growing in the field. Despite a wide availability of mangrove guidebooks in Southeast Asia, none of these sufficiently cover species that, though often associated with mangroves, are not confined to this habitat.
    [Show full text]
  • Epiphytic Ferns
    HortFacts 74-04 Plants for Your Home and Office Epiphytic Ferns Bob Anderson, Extension Specialist in Floriculture Ferns are admirable plants for interior decoration. In most cases, ferns will tolerate filtered to low light conditions and continue to grow. Terrestrial ferns are often limited by insufficient humidity in the interior environment. However, epiphytic ferns are adapted to a drier habitat than most terrestrial types, are more suited to the centrally heated, and air conditioned environment of a Kentucky home. Cultural techniques are different for epiphytic ferns than for many other houseplants. Epiphytic ferns naturally occur on the branches of trees in subtropical and tropical forests. This habitat is much different from most terrestrial habitats and these ferns have adaptations appropriate to this unusual location. Thus, epiphytic ferns must be grown under conditions that mimic their natural habitat, or poor growth and plant death will occur. Epiphytic ferns grow naturally in a totally soilless condition. These ferns grow without using the typical water and nutrient storage of soil. The plants obtain water and nutrients (leached from tree leaves) only during rain. Between periods of rain, the tree bark of the branch is dry. For these reasons, epiphytic ferns should be grown in very well-drained media composed mainly of fir or redwood bark, osmunda fiber, Styrofoam beads, tree fern fiber, shredded pine bark, or sphagnum moss. Soak your epiphytic fern each time you water and allow it to remain dry 2-4 days before you water again. Low concentrations of soluble fertilizer, organic or inorganic, can be added in every second or third irrigation.
    [Show full text]