I Facts and Figures

2. Policy and Decision-making

■ Proportion of Major Women in Leadership Positions in Various Fields “Target of increasing the share of women in leadership positions to at least 30% by 2020” Although there has been a moderate increase, the proportion of women in decision-making processes still remains low and in most fields “the target of 30% by 2020” (referred to page 32) set by the Government, has yet to be achieved.

politics Diet members (House of Representatives) 9.5

Diet members (House of Councilors) 15.7

Members of prefectural assemblies 8.9

Members of city and ward assemblies 13.8

Menbers of town and village assemblies 8.9

Prefectural governors 4.3

Mayors 2.1

Mayors of town and village 0.5 public administration National public employees in and above positions equivalent to directors of Ministries 3.5

Members in national advisory councils and commitees 36.7

Local public employees in and above positions equivalent to directors of prefectural 7.7 governments

Members of advisory councils and committees of prefectures 30.6

Members of advisory councils and committees of city, ward, town and village governments 25.6 justice Public prosecutors 22.4

Judges 20.0

Lawyers 18.2 economic field Section manager or higher in private corporations with more than 100 employees 8.7 Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Agricultural committee members 7.2

Board members of Agricultural Cooperatives 6.1 Media Journalists ( Newspaper Publishers & Editors Association) 17.6 Education and Research Assistant principals and above at elementary school 21.0

Assistant principals and above at lower secondary school 7.6

Assistant principals and above at upper secondary school 7.9

Assistant principals and above at elementary and secondary education institute 15.7

Lecturers and above at university 20.1

Researchers 14.7 Internetional Fields Ministers, counsellors and above in diplomatic establishments abroad 5.4

Japanese staff at international organizations (higher than professional positions) 60.4 Other Professions Doctors 20.4

Dentists 22.2

Pharmacists 66.1

Veterinarians 28.6

Certified public accountants 14.4

010203040506070 (%)

Source: http://www.gender.go.jp/research/kenkyu/sankakujokyo/2015/pdf/2015_ir_pr.pdf

3 I Facts and Figures

■ Proportion of Female Workers and Female Administrative/ Managerial Workers The proportion of female administrative and managerial workers in Japan is lower than other countries.

(%) 60

50 48.348.2 47.747.6 47.2 47.0 47.3 46.7 46.6 45.9 45.9 44.8 43.4 43.2 42.0 39.537.1 39.6 40 38.3 36.0 35.435.3 36.2 33.9 31.732.6 30 29.0

22.2 20

12.5 11.2 10

0 Japan United United AustraliaSingapore Republic States Kingdom of Korea

Workers Administrative and Managerial Workers Note: 1.Created from “Labour Force Survey (Basic Tabulation), 2015” by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications and “ILO STAT." 2.Data of Japan, France, Sweden, Norway and UK are as of 2015; data of US is as of 2013; data of other countries are as of 2014. 3.“Administrative and Managerial Workers” include company officers, company management staff, and management government officials among workers. Definition of administrative and managerial workers varies across countries.

■ Indices for Measurement of Equality (HDI, GII, and GGI)

HDI (188 countries) GII (155 Countries) GGI (145 Countries) () ( Index) (Gender Gap Index) Country Score Country Score Country Score 1 Norway 0.944 1 0.016 1 0.881 2 0.935 2 0.028 2 Norway 0.850 3 Switzerland 0.930 3 Germany 0.041 3 0.850 4 0.923 4 Denmark 0.048 4 Sweden 0.823 5 0.922 5 0.053 5 Ireland 0.807 6 Germany 0.916 6 Australia 0.056 6 0.794 6 Ireland 0.916 7 Netherland 0.062 7 Philippines 0.790 8 0.915 8 0.063 8 Switzerland 0.785 : : : : : : : 20 Japan 0.891 26 Japan 0.133 101 Japan 0.670

Source: HDI and GII from “Human Development Report 2015,” United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), GGI from “ 2015,” Note: 1.The Human Development Index (HDI) is a summary measure of achievements in key dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life, access to knowledge and a decent standard of living. The HDI is the geometric mean of normalized indices for each of the three dimensions. 2.The Gender Inequality Index (GII) reflects gender-based disadvantage in three dimensions—, empowerment and the labour market. It shows the loss in potential human development due to inequality between female and male achievements in these dimensions. 3.The Gender Gap Index (GGI) measures the gap between men and women in four fundamental categories (sub indexes): Economic Participation and Opportunity, Educational Attainment, Health and Survival and Political Empowerment.

4 I Facts and Figures

■ Proportion of Women in Parliament

Lower or single house Upper House or Senate Rank (Lower or single Country Percentage of Percentage of house) Total Women Women Total Women Women

1 Rwanda 80 51 63.8% 26 10 38.5% 2 130 69 53.1% 36 17 47.2% 3 612 299 48.9% - - - 4 Seychelles 32 14 43.8% - - - 5 Sweden 349 152 43.6% - - - 6 150 64 42.7% - - - 7 498 211 42.4% 128 43 33.6% 8 400 168 42.0% 54 19 35.2% 9 137 57 41.6% - - - 10 Finland 200 83 41.5% - - - 26 Germany 631 230 36.5% 69 28 40.6% 28 257 92 35.8% 72 30 41.7% 42 630 195 31.0% 321 91 28.3% 48 650 191 29.4% 782 192 24.6% 54 Australia 150 40 26.7% 76 29 38.2% 58 France 577 151 26.2% 348 87 25.0% 60 338 88 26.0% 83 31 37.3% 70 2959 699 23.6% - - - 91 151 30 19.9% - - - 95 United States 434 84 19.4% 100 20 20.0% 104 555 95 17.1% - - - 111 Korea 300 49 16.3% - - - 123 550 82 14.9% - - - 131 450 61 13.6% 170 29 17.1% 144 543 65 12.0% 243 31 12.8% 154 513 51 9.9% 81 13 16.0%

156 Japan 475 45 9.5% 242 38 15.7%

Source: Created from “Women in Parliaments,” International Parliamentary Union. Note: 1. Data as of 1st February 2016. 2. Countries Surveyed: 189 countries. Top 10 countries and G20 countries are extracted.

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