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Writing the Bicycle
Writing the Bicycle: Women, Rhetoric, and Technology in Late Nineteenth-Century America Sarah Overbaugh Hallenbeck A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of English and Comparative Literature. Chapel Hill 2009 Approved by: Jane Danielewicz Jordynn Jack Daniel Anderson Jane Thrailkill Beverly Taylor ABSTRACT Sarah Overbaugh Hallenbeck Writing the Bicycle: Women, Rhetoric, and Technology in Late Nineteenth-Century America (Under the direction of Jane Danielewicz and Jordynn Jack) This project examines the intersections among rhetoric, gender, and technology, examining in particular the ways that American women appropriated the new technology of the bicycle at the turn of the twentieth century. It asks: how are technologies shaped by discourse that emanates both from within and beyond professional boundaries? In what ways do technologies, in turn, reshape the social networks in which they emerge—making available new arguments and rendering others less persuasive? And to what extent are these arguments furthered by the changed conditions of embodiment and materiality that new technologies often initiate? Writing the Bicycle: Women, Rhetoric and Technology in Late Nineteenth- Century America addresses these questions by considering how women’s interactions with the bicycle allowed them to make new claims about their minds and bodies, and transformed the gender order in the process. The introduction, “Rhetoric, Gender, Technology,” provides an overview of the three broad conversations to which the project primarily contributes: science and technology studies, feminist historiography, and rhetorical theory. In addition, it outlines a “techno-feminist” materialist methodology that emphasizes the material ii and rhetorical agency of users in shaping technologies beyond their initial design and distribution phases. -
The History of Cycling
The History of Cycling 1493 A student of Leonardo Da Vinci sketched an idea for a bicycle. 1817 Drais running machine, the 'Draisine'. It was also called the 'hobby horse' because it competed with horses for transport. It was popular in Europe and North America and didn't have any pedals. Instead the riders pushed against the ground with their feet to move along. 1860s The French velocipede was also called 'bone shaker', because it had such hard wooden wheels and was rough to ride on old roads and cobblestones. There was a major breakthrough when pedals were added to the front wheel of a running machine. Again, the 'bone shaker' was a huge craze in Europe and North America, where special schools were set up to teach people how to ride. 1870s The British penny farthing was named because it looked like two British coins, the large penny in front and the small farthing behind. The penny farthing used several new inventions to make it much better than the bone shaker. They used tubular steel frames that were light, strong and cheap. The wheels and pedals had ball bearings that allowed them to spin smoothly and lasted a long time. Wheels had previously used wooden spokes which were much stronger and heavier than needed. On the penny farthing they used wire spokes, which were a major breakthrough as the wheels were not only much lighter, but were also able to be repaired easily. Adding solid rubber tyres to the outside of the wheel gave the wheels more grip and made the ride smoother by absorbing some of the bumps. -
The History of the Wheel and Bicycles
NOW & THE FUTURE THE HISTORY OF THE WHEEL AND BICYCLES COMPILED BY HOWIE BAUM OUT OF THE 3 BEST INVENTIONS IN HISTORY, ONE OF THEM IS THE WHEEL !! Evidence indicates the wheel was created to serve as potter's wheels around 4300 – 4000 BCE in Mesopotamia. This was 300 years before they were used for chariots. (Jim Vecchi / Corbis) METHODS TO MOVE HEAVY OBJECTS BEFORE THE WHEEL WAS INVENTED Heavy objects could be moved easier if something round, like a log was placed under it and the object rolled over it. The Sledge Logs or sticks were placed under an object and used to drag the heavy object, like a sled and a wedge put together. Log Roller Later, humans thought to use the round logs and a sledge together. Humans used several logs or rollers in a row, dragging the sledge over one roller to the next. Inventing a Primitive Axle With time, the sledges started to wear grooves into the rollers and humans noticed that the grooved rollers actually worked better, carrying the object further. The log roller was becoming a wheel, humans cut away the wood between the two inner grooves to create what is called an axle. THE ANCIENT GREEKS INVENTED WESTERN PHILOSOPHY…AND THE WHEELBARROW CHINA FOLLOWED 400 YEARS AFTERWARDS The wheelbarrow first appeared in Greece, between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE. It was found in China 400 years later and then ended up in medieval Europe. Although wheelbarrows were expensive to purchase, they could pay for themselves in just 3 or 4 days in terms of labor savings. -
Discovering Bicycling Leaders Manual
Leaders Manual 4-H Body Works Series Discovering Bicycling Learning is 3D! To help you get the most out of your learning, each project meeting has Dig It Dream It the following parts: Dream it! Plan for success Do it! Hands on learning Dig it! What did you learn? Do It What Skills Will You Learn? To complete this project, members must: Spend a minimum of 15 - 20 hours completing the project work. Complete the listed activities, OR a similar activity that focuses on the same skills, as you and your members may plan other activities. Plan and complete the Showcase Challenge Complete the Portfolio Page. Participate in your club’s Achievement (see the inside back cover for more information about 4-H Achievement). This project is being offered in Manitoba, with permission from Saskatchewan 4-H Council. Achievement (project completion) requirements for 4-H Manitoba apply to this project and are described above. The amount of time spent on project work may exceed the minimum 15 hours, depending on the project that you have chosen and the activities within the project. This project was selected to be offered by 4-H Manitoba because it provides members with the opportunity to meet Manitoba 4-H project learning objectives. These objectives include technical skills, communication, meeting management, leadership skills, as well as community involvement and real world experiences. Showcase Challenge and My Portfolio Page At the end of the member’s section are the “Showcase Challenge” and “My Portfolio Page”. The “Showcase Challenge” page gets members to think about their accomplishments and explain or demonstrate how they were successful. -
1990) Through 25Th (2014
CUMULATIVE INDEX TO THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CYCLE HISTORY CONFERENCES 1st (1990) through 25th (2014) Prepared by Gary W. Sanderson (Edition of February 2015) KEY TO INDEXES A. Indexed by Authors -- pp. 1-14 B. General Index of Subjects in Papers - pp. 1-20 Copies of all volumes of the proceedings of the International Cycling History Conference can be found in the United States Library of Congress, Washington, DC (U.S.A.), and in the British National Library in London (England). Access to these documents can be accomplished by following the directions outlined as follows: For the U.S. Library of Congress: Scholars will find all volumes of the International Cycling History Conference Proceedings in the collection of the United States Library of Congress in Washington, DC. To view Library materials, you must have a reader registration card, which is free but requires an in-person visit. Once registered, you can read an ICHC volume by searching the online catalog for the appropriate call number and then submitting a call slip at a reading room in the Library's Jefferson Building or Adams Building. For detailed instructions, visit www.loc.gov. For the British Library: The British Library holds copies of all of the Proceedings from Volume 1 through Volume 25. To consult these you will need to register with The British Library for a Reader Pass. You will usually need to be over 18 years of age. You can't browse in the British Library’s Reading Rooms to see what you want; readers search the online catalogue then order their items from storage and wait to collect them. -
4-H Bicycling Project – Reference Book
4-H MOTTO Learn to do by doing. 4-H PLEDGE I pledge My HEAD to clearer thinking, My HEART to greater loyalty, My HANDS to larger service, My HEALTH to better living, For my club, my community and my country. 4-H GRACE (Tune of Auld Lang Syne) We thank thee, Lord, for blessings great On this, our own fair land. Teach us to serve thee joyfully, With head, heart, health and hand. This project was developed through funds provided by the Canadian Agricultural Adaptation Program (CAAP). No portion of this manual may be reproduced without written permission from the Saskatchewan 4-H Council, phone 306-933-7727, email: [email protected]. Developed in January 2013. Writer: Leanne Schinkel Table of Contents Introduction Objectives .................................................................................................................................................... 1 Getting the Most from this Project ....................................................................................................... 1 Achievement Requirements for this Project ..................................................................................... 2 Safety and Bicycling ................................................................................................................................. 2 Online Safety .............................................................................................................................................. 4 Resources for Learning ............................................................................................................................ -
CTM English E2 First Bicycles Final.Cdr
The First Bicycles Course: English Adult Learning at Coventry Transport Museum The First Bicycles Course: English Teacher information This activity is designed for learners working at Entry 2 or above. The questions are based on information in this museum exhibition: Cycle Pioneers 1868-1900 Learners can answer the questions on the wipeable answer sheet. There is a vocabulary sheet at the front of the pack. In this activity, learners will practice: • using illustrations, captions and images to locate information • understanding the main points in texts • sequencing words in alphabetical order Introduction Go to this exhibition to answer the questions: Cycle Pioneers 1868-1900 You can answer the questions on the wipeable answer sheet. What are pioneers? Pioneers are the first people to do something. The Cycle Pioneers 1868 - 1900 exhibition tells you about the people who were first to design and develop bicycles. It also tells you about the history of the bicycle and how the bicycle started out. To understand the history of the bicycle, you can look at the captions and illustrations. Captions are labels or headings, and illustrations are pictures. You can use the captions and illustrations in the museum to help you understand the history of the bicycle. Vocabulary Parts of a Bicycle Brake Lever Handlebars Saddle Brakes Pedals Tyres Brakes These help the rider to slow down and stop a bicycle. The rider squeezes a lever on the handlebars to make the brakes work. The brakes squeeze on the wheels to make them stop. Handlebars A bar with a handle on each end. The rider holds each end of the handlebars to steer the bicycle. -
The Bicycle in America to 1900
Oberlin Digital Commons at Oberlin Honors Papers Student Work 1941 The Bicycle in America to 1900 William Herbert Mariboe Oberlin College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.oberlin.edu/honors Part of the History Commons Repository Citation Mariboe, William Herbert, "The Bicycle in America to 1900" (1941). Honors Papers. 788. https://digitalcommons.oberlin.edu/honors/788 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Work at Digital Commons at Oberlin. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Papers by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons at Oberlin. For more information, please contact [email protected]. • 'THE BICYCLE IN AMERICA TO 1900 ' By William Herbert Mariboe A.B. Oberlin College, 1940 A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Oberlin College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the Department of History 1941 t TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction. • • • • • • • • . l History ot The Bicycle Era. • • • • • • • • • • 7 The Velocipede. • • • • • • • • .. • • • • • 9 High Bicycle Era. • • • • • • • • • • • • • 13 Progress Toward The Safety••••••••• 18 The "Safety" •••••••••••••••• 21 Manufacturing • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 30 Advertising • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 40 Organizations• ••••••••••••••••• 51 League of American Wheelm.en •••••••• 52 L.A. W. and Law • • • • • • • • • • • • 56 L.A. W. and Good Roads. • • • • • • • • 59 The Club Movement •••••••••••• • 61 Racing. • . • • • . • . 66 Military Use. • • • • • • • • • • • -
An Analysis of the Role of Cycling in Sustainable Urban Mobility
An Analysis of the Role of Cycling in Sustainable Urban Mobility An Analysis of the Role of Cycling in Sustainable Urban Mobility: The Importance of the Bicycle By Ricardo Marqués An Analysis of the Role of Cycling in Sustainable Urban Mobility: The Importance of the Bicycle By Ricardo Marqués This book first published 2020 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2020 by Ricardo Marqués All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-5275-4890-2 ISBN (13): 978-1-5275-4890-9 To my family, Asun and Ricardo And to all my friends of 'A Contramano' TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword ................................................................................................... ix Introduction ................................................................................................ 1 Chapter One ................................................................................................ 6 The History and Physics of the Bicycle Part I: The invention of the bicycle: from the draisine to the safety bike. Part II: The physics of bicycle. Part III: The evolution of the bicycle up to the present. Chapter Two ............................................................................................. 38 Mobility in the Quagmire Part I.- The unstoppable ascent of the car. Part II.- Mobility: the Achilles heel of the fight against climate change. Part III.- Other undesirable effects of the motorization-privatization of urban mobility. Par t IV. - A personal reflection on the undesired effects of motorization- privatization of mobility and its relation to neo-liberal thinking. -
Strategies for Increasing Bikeability
Strategies for Increasing Bikeability: A Closer Look at the St. Louis Regional Bike Plan Megan McLean Washington University in St Louis Environmental Studies Program Senior Honors Thesis March 2012 St. Louis, Missouri Acknowledgements I’d like to thank my thesis advisor, Dr. Robert Holahan, for his support and guiding comments during the drafting of this paper. Thanks also to my readers, Dr. Bill Lowry and Professor Beth Martin, and all who have edited the text or given perspective on this paper. Most of all, thanks to the people at Trailnet and Great Rivers Greenway for their continued insight and assistance on this project. Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction……………………………………………………………………3 Chapter 2: Background……………………………………………………………………5 Chapter 3: Benefits of Bicycling…………………………………………………………14 Chapter 4: Obstacles to Cycling Culture………………………………………………...21 Chapter 5:Proposed St. Louis Bicycle Plan……………………………………………...26 Chapter 6: Cost Effectiveness of Infrastructure Initiatives………………………………38 Chapter 7: Cost Effectiveness of Education and Encouragement Programs…………….47 Chapter 8: Analysis………………………………………………………………………54 Chapter 9: Conclusion and Recommendations…………………………………………..58 Appendix…………………………………………………………………………………62 Works Cited………………………………………………………..…………………….72 2 Chapter 1: Introduction Transportation system planning in the latter half of the 20th Century has largely focused on the needs of automobiles, pushing the bicycle out of the picture. In recent years, bicycling has re-emerged as a viable mode of transportation, especially with rising gas prices, the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and a desire for more sustainable and livable development patterns. Recent federal policy encourages local city and state governments to support new bike friendly transportation projects. For example, in March of 2010, Secretary of the U.S. -
Bicycling in Minneapolis in the Early 20Th Century
ing in Minnea Bicycl polis n 2010, Bicycling maga- zine named Minneapolis the top bike-friendly city in the U.S., displacing Portland, Oregon, for the first time. On June 10, the Nice Ride bike-sharing program Idebuted, and within 20 days, more than 10,000 trips had been taken on its 450 bikes-for-rent. Earlier in the year, bicyclists were allowed to resume weekday daytime use of the pedestrian-bus mall on Nicollet Avenue, a historically significant cy- cling location, after a 12-year hiatus. These accomplishments built on the 2008 silver-level Bicycle Friendly Community Award from the League of American Bicyclists and the 2009 estimate by cycling experts that the city operated about 120 miles of bike paths and lanes. Minneapolis Mayor R. T. Rybak traced this enthusiasm for the bicycle back to the 1970s when the first on-street bike lanes appeared. In fact, the city’s love affair with the bicycle began much earlier.1 Well after the end of the 1890s’ “bicycle boom,” Twin Citians continued to ride; Mrs. John P. Upham, about 1917. ing in Minnea Bicycl polis in the Early 20th Century Ross D. Petty In 1916 the Minneapolis Tribune “this city”—presumably New York. velocipede seemed to fade from crowed that its hometown was once In early 1869 the Tribune predicted local interest, at least as reported in considered one of the greatest bi- that even though no mechanics in the Tribune. It appears that Min- cycle centers in the United States.2 Minneapolis were yet producing neapolitans were still using bicycles, Minneapolis also has the apparently velocipedes, some dozen probably however, because an 1873 ordinance unique distinction of being the only would be imported into the city by banned sidewalk riding. -
BICYCLE (The Vehicle of Choice Before the Automobile) Steve Krar
1 BICYCLE (The Vehicle of Choice Before the Automobile) Steve Krar The bicycle was born in Europe, but American know-how helped to reduce its cost and make it affordable to many people, many years before the first automobile made its appearance. It provided people with an inexpensive means of travel to work and play and some manufacturers advertised their bicycles at unheard speeds of 20 miles and hour. This, a remarkable revolution of those times, gave people the freedom to roam a little from their home surroundings. American industry took a very strong interest in this relatively new means of travel and made major contribution to its development of the popular and versatile bicycles of today. They promoted cycling clubs and riding schools offering free riding lessons to promote the public interest in bicycles and the enjoyment they could bring to their owners Bicycle Developments over the Years Through the centuries, several inventors and innovators contributed to the development of the bicycle. Its earliest known forebears were called velocipedes, and included many types of bicycle and human-powered vehicles. New innovations in the 1890s made riding more comfortable with the invention of pneumatic tires, hand operated brakes, and freewheeling drive to coast without the pedals turning. Bicycling clubs flourished all over America before the automobile era. The Walking Machine In 1817 Baron von Drais invented a walking machine that would help him get around the royal gardens faster: two same-size in-line wheels, the front one steerable, mounted in a frame which was straddled. The device was propelled by pushing your feet against the ground, thus rolling yourself and the device forward in a sort of gliding walk.