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In Practice of Leading Scientific Schools ISSN 2313-7525 Fundamental and applied researches in practice of leading scientific schools journal homepage: http://farplss.org Significance of energy efficiency for energy security L. Jovanović ALFA BK University, Belgrade, Serbia V. Radović Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Belgrade University, Belgrade, Serbia M. Lukinović UNION University, Belgrade, Serbia Institutes for Multidisciplinary Research, Belgrade University, Belgrade, SERBIA Article info Jovanović, L., Radović, V., Lukinović, M. (2018). Significance of energy efficiency for energy security. Fundamental and applied researches in practice of leading scientific Received 10.06.2018 schools, 28 (4), 46-52. Accepted 31.08.2018 ALFA BK University, Energy security of the European Union is one of the most important parameters Belgrade, Serbia that determine the present and the future on the world's geopolitical scene. EU countries are characterized by: insufficient fossil fuels from their own sources, Institute for continuous increase in consumption and strict environmental regulations (which limit Multidisciplinary Research, the use of coal and oil). From all of the above, it follows that the long-term energy Belgrade University, security of the European Union can be ensured by increase of gas supply capacity and Belgrade, Serbia diversification of sources of supply. The main objective of the paper is to analyze the UNION University, Belgrade, situation and perspective of optimizing energy efficiency in the countries of the Serbia European Union through the application of resource of energy saving and new and innovative technologies of renewable resources. Key words: energy security; energy efficiency; diversification of energy sources; optimization of energy efficiency. Introduction problems, on the one hand, a lack and uncertainty in energy supply and, on the other hand, environmental pollution and Energy is fundamental to the economy, but also to life. As climate change as a result of excessive energy consumption. much as 95% of energy resources depend on energy input One way to reduce the negative impacts of these [34]. During the 20th century, the global population phenomena, and to positively influence sustainable increased 3.7 times, while demand for final energy increased development, is the efficient use of energy. more than 30 times. This means that, with the intense Energy efficiency is the sum of measures and actions in exponential growth of the world's population, especially all areas of life with the ultimate goal of minimizing energy expressed in the second half of the 20th century, the consumption, provided that the level of work and life consumption of energy per capita was much more remains the same or improves. It is not energy saving that pronounced. Although the exponential trend of population implies renunciation, but its efficient use that contributes to growth has been diminished at the end of the century, improving the quality of life and work, as well as greater energy consumption per capita continues to grow. For three competitiveness of production. Almost all the governments decades at the end of the 20th century, the global population of the world face climate change and energy security increased at a rate of 1.6%, the world's gross domestic dilemmas (in correlation with public support), especially in product (GDP) grew at a rate of 3%, while primary energy times of economic hardship [5]. consumption grew at an average annual rate of 2.1% . This And in those countries that rapidly advance speaks of the fact that, regardless of the decrease in energy technologically and generate the highest income per unit of intensity, primary energy consumption continues to grow energy consumed, thus becoming more and more energy faster than the population. efficient, production and consumption per capita increase. The development of industrialization at the global level, According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), in the the world today faces two dominant and closely related period from 2005 to 2025, primary energy consumption is Volume 28, Number 4, 2018 46 Fundamental and applied researches Jovanović, L., Radović, V., Lukinović, M. in practice of leading scientific schools - ISSN 2313-7525 Significance of energy efficiency … Volume 28, Number 4, 2018 expected to increase by 40%. Therefore, it is necessary that The development of technologies for the use of the development of energy is strategically planned and renewable energy sources is the main objective of the thoroughly analyzed from all aspects, such as those of European Commission's energy strategy. Through its Energy general-development, technical-technological, economic, as Efficiency Commission, the European Union monitors and well as social, ecological and other. takes into account the overall global consumption of electricity and the share of renewable energy sources in the Diversification of energy sources and optimization of total consumption balance. The data shows that renewable energy efficiency energy sources currently account for 17.9% of the total global electricity production with a tendency for growth are Oil, gas and coal are still the three major energy sources stated in official reports: in the world. If we want to mitigate the effects of climate - sustainable Development change, we need to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels. - reduction of carbon dioxide emissions The technologies that can do this are the wind, wave and sun - energy independence and security, energy, hydropower and heat energy [5]. - a more favorable mix of energy products, Since the 70s, the European Union has approved over - competition with conventional energy sources - 200 regulations in the field of environmental protection. The - economy, new jobs. European Council confirmed in December 2009 that "according to the Treaty of Lisbon, sustainable development The EU's intention is to remain a leader in the remains a fundamental objective of the European Union." development and use of renewable energy sources and The countries of the European Union (as well as Europe wants to achieve the planned share in this area. State as a whole) depend to a great extent on the import of energy governments, through their example and support, play a key of all kinds, where natural gas is of paramount importance role in achieving this goal, but each person can also make a because it is a “clean” fuel, and as such is more contribution. In the countries of the European Union, as environmentally friendly in comparison with other kind of other countries, the processes of strategic positioning and fuels. Natural gas generates less carbon dioxide by the creation of the multinational companies' alignments, as combustion (compared to coal) and has a lower price well as other countries, lead to access to remaining natural (compared to oil).The recent data stated that the European resources, especially mineral and fossil fuels, such as oil, Union imports more than half of energy products for the natural gas, coal, oil shale. In addition to this, there is a needs of industry, transport, and energy supply of technological game for optimizing energy efficiency and residential buildings. Import dependence is particularly high more efficient systems of conversion and transfer of energy, when it comes to crude oil (more than 90%) and natural gas especially with the help of innovative technological (about 66%). processes of application of renewable energy sources. And in An enormous problem, from the aspect of security of this regard, multinational companies are also created. supply, is the fact that many countries of the European The idea of the EU is to use 100% of its renewable Union depend on the import of natural gas from only one energy sources based on installed capacities and to take part supplier - the Russian Federation. The dependence on in the production of electricity. With the 2020 forecast, we imports of natural gas from the Russian Federation varies in see that the same starting points are based on real data from scope among EU countries. Finland and the Baltics states are 2005 and that the expected results match the potentials of 100% dependent on Russian gas imports. Only five countries both the capacity and the share of electricity generation. For are energy independent from Russian Federation: Spain, EU renewable energy sources are economically viable and Portugal, Denmark, Sweden and Ireland. In other EU competitive sources, as follows: countries, the dependence on natural gas imports varies • wind Energy, from 5% (the Netherlands) to 90% (Bulgaria). • small hydropower plants, The European Commission has proposed ways of • biomass energy, addressing integrated industrial development issues, energy • geothermal sources, procurement and adaptation to climate change. The • the use of solar energy in photovoltaic and thermal European countries' summit approved the plan and adopted systems, the Energy Policy for Europe by 2020: 20% of energy • municipal waste, savings; 20% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions; 20% • fuel cells. share of renewable sources in European energy Increasing energy efficiency - EE is defined as a consumption. It is planned to reach 10% of the renewable reduction in energy use per unit of production, without energy component in the transport fuel. European goal is an affecting the level of quality of products and services. effort of all member states to achieve 20% energy savings. The benefits of this increase for the community are the The energy security of European countries
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