Elemental Geosystems, 5E (Christopherson) Chapter 7 Global Climate Systems
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Canada GREENLAND 80°W
DO NOT EDIT--Changes must be made through “File info” CorrectionKey=NL-B Module 7 70°N 30°W 20°W 170°W 180° 70°N 160°W Canada GREENLAND 80°W 90°W 150°W 100°W (DENMARK) 120°W 140°W 110°W 60°W 130°W 70°W ARCTIC Essential Question OCEANDo Canada’s many regional differences strengthen or weaken the country? Alaska Baffin 160°W (UNITED STATES) Bay ic ct r le Y A c ir u C k o National capital n M R a 60°N Provincial capital . c k e Other cities n 150°W z 0 200 400 Miles i Iqaluit 60°N e 50°N R YUKON . 0 200 400 Kilometers Labrador Projection: Lambert Azimuthal TERRITORY NUNAVUT Equal-Area NORTHWEST Sea Whitehorse TERRITORIES Yellowknife NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR Hudson N A Bay ATLANTIC 140°W W E St. John’s OCEAN 40°W BRITISH H C 40°N COLUMBIA T QUEBEC HMH Middle School World Geography A MANITOBA 50°N ALBERTA K MS_SNLESE668737_059M_K.ai . S PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND R Edmonton A r Canada legend n N e a S chew E s kat Lake a as . Charlottetown r S R Winnipeg F Color Alts Vancouver Calgary ONTARIO Fredericton W S Island NOVA SCOTIA 50°WFirst proof: 3/20/17 Regina Halifax Vancouver Quebec . R 2nd proof: 4/6/17 e c Final: 4/12/17 Victoria Winnipeg Montreal n 130°W e NEW BRUNSWICK Lake r w Huron a Ottawa L PACIFIC . t S OCEAN Lake 60°W Superior Toronto Lake Lake Ontario UNITED STATES Lake Michigan Windsor 100°W Erie 90°W 40°N 80°W 70°W 120°W 110°W In this module, you will learn about Canada, our neighbor to the north, Explore ONLINE! including its history, diverse culture, and natural beauty and resources. -
How Important and Different Are Tropical Rivers? — an Overview
Geomorphology 227 (2014) 5–17 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Geomorphology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/geomorph How important and different are tropical rivers? — An overview James P.M. Syvitski a,⁎,SagyCohenb,AlbertJ.Kettnera,G.RobertBrakenridgea a CSDMS/INSTAAR, U. of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0545, United States b Dept. Geography, U. of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0322, United States article info abstract Article history: Tropical river systems, wherein much of the drainage basin experiences tropical climate are strongly influenced Received 29 July 2013 by the annual and inter-annual variations of the Inter-tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and its derivative mon- Received in revised form 19 February 2014 soonal winds. Rivers draining rainforests and those subjected to tropical monsoons typically demonstrate high Accepted 22 February 2014 runoff, but with notable exceptions. High rainfall intensities from burst weather events are common in the tro- Available online 11 March 2014 pics. The release of rain-forming aerosols also appears to uniquely increase regional rainfall, but its geomorphic Keywords: manifestation is hard to detect. Compared to other more temperate river systems, climate-driven tropical rivers Tropical climate do not appear to transport a disproportionate amount of particulate load to the world's oceans, and their warmer, Hydrology less viscous waters are less competent. Tropical biogeochemical environments do appear to influence the sedi- Sediment transport mentary environment. Multiple-year hydrographs reveal that seasonality is a dominant feature of most tropical rivers, but the rivers of Papua New Guinea are somewhat unique being less seasonally modulated. Modeled riverine suspended sediment flux through global catchments is used in conjunction with observational data for 35 tropical basins to highlight key basin scaling relationships. -
Climate and Vegetation • Almost Every Type of Climate Is Found in the 50 United States Because They Extend Over Such a Large Area North to South
123-126-Chapter5 10/16/02 10:16 AM Page 123 Main Ideas Climate and Vegetation • Almost every type of climate is found in the 50 United States because they extend over such a large area north to south. • Canada’s cold climate is related to its location in the far northern latitudes. A HUMAN PERSPECTIVE A little gold and bitter cold—that is what Places & Terms thousands of prospectors found in Alaska and the Yukon Territory dur- permafrost ing the Klondike gold rushes of the 1890s. Most of these fortune prevailing westerlies hunters were unprepared for the harsh climate and inhospitable land of Everglades the far north. Winters were long and cold, the ground frozen. Ice fogs, blizzards, and avalanches were regular occurrences. You could lose fin- Connect to the Issues gers and toes—even your life—in the cold. But hardy souls stuck it out. urban sprawl The rapid Legend has it that one miner, Bishop Stringer, kept himself alive by boil- spread of urban sprawl has led US & CANADA ing his sealskin and walrus-sole boots and then drinking the broth. to the loss of much vegetation in both the United States and Canada. Shared Climates and Vegetation The United States and Canada have more in common than just frigid winter temperatures where Alaska meets northwestern Canada. Other shared climate and vegetation zones are found along their joint border at the southern end of Canada and the northern end of the United States. If you look at the map on page 125, you will see that the United MOVEMENT The snowmobile States has more climate zones than Canada. -
Challenges in the Paleoclimatic Evolution of the Arctic and Subarctic Pacific Since the Last Glacial Period—The Sino–German
challenges Concept Paper Challenges in the Paleoclimatic Evolution of the Arctic and Subarctic Pacific since the Last Glacial Period—The Sino–German Pacific–Arctic Experiment (SiGePAX) Gerrit Lohmann 1,2,3,* , Lester Lembke-Jene 1 , Ralf Tiedemann 1,3,4, Xun Gong 1 , Patrick Scholz 1 , Jianjun Zou 5,6 and Xuefa Shi 5,6 1 Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung Bremerhaven, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany; [email protected] (L.L.-J.); [email protected] (R.T.); [email protected] (X.G.); [email protected] (P.S.) 2 Department of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany 3 MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany 4 Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany 5 First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; zoujianjun@fio.org.cn (J.Z.); xfshi@fio.org.cn (X.S.) 6 Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 24 December 2018; Accepted: 15 January 2019; Published: 24 January 2019 Abstract: Arctic and subarctic regions are sensitive to climate change and, reversely, provide dramatic feedbacks to the global climate. With a focus on discovering paleoclimate and paleoceanographic evolution in the Arctic and Northwest Pacific Oceans during the last 20,000 years, we proposed this German–Sino cooperation program according to the announcement “Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) of the Federal Republic of Germany for a German–Sino cooperation program in the marine and polar research”. Our proposed program integrates the advantages of the Arctic and Subarctic marine sediment studies in AWI (Alfred Wegener Institute) and FIO (First Institute of Oceanography). -
Description of the Ecoregions of the United States
(iii) ~ Agrl~:::~~;~":,c ullur. Description of the ~:::;. Ecoregions of the ==-'Number 1391 United States •• .~ • /..';;\:?;;.. \ United State. (;lAn) Department of Description of the .~ Agriculture Forest Ecoregions of the Service October United States 1980 Compiled by Robert G. Bailey Formerly Regional geographer, Intermountain Region; currently geographer, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and originally published as an unnumbered publication by the Intermountain Region, USDA Forest Service, Ogden, Utah In April 1979, the Agency leaders of the Bureau of Land Manage ment, Forest Service, Fish and Wildlife Service, Geological Survey, and Soil Conservation Service endorsed the concept of a national classification system developed by the Resources Evaluation Tech niques Program at the Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, to be used for renewable resources evaluation. The classifica tion system consists of four components (vegetation, soil, landform, and water), a proposed procedure for integrating the components into ecological response units, and a programmed procedure for integrating the ecological response units into ecosystem associations. The classification system described here is the result of literature synthesis and limited field testing and evaluation. It presents one procedure for defining, describing, and displaying ecosystems with respect to geographical distribution. The system and others are undergoing rigorous evaluation to determine the most appropriate procedure for defining and describing ecosystem associations. Bailey, Robert G. 1980. Description of the ecoregions of the United States. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Miscellaneous Publication No. 1391, 77 pp. This publication briefly describes and illustrates the Nation's ecosystem regions as shown in the 1976 map, "Ecoregions of the United States." A copy of this map, described in the Introduction, can be found between the last page and the back cover of this publication. -
An Archaeological Survey of Newton County: Enhancement of a Data Deficient Region, Part II Grant # 18-15FFY-05
An Archaeological Survey of Newton County: Enhancement of a Data Deficient Region, Part II Grant # 18-15FFY-05 By: Jamie M. Leeuwrik, Christine Thompson, and Kevin C. Nolan Principal Investigators: Christine Thompson and Kevin C. Nolan Reports of Investigation 92 Volume 1 May 2016 Applied Anthropology Laboratories, Department of Anthropology Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306-0439 Phone: 765-285-5328 Fax: 765-285-2163 Web Address: http://www.bsu.edu/aal i An Archaeological Survey of Newton County: Enhancement of a Data Deficient Region, Part II Grant # 18-15FFY-05 By: Jamie M. Leeuwrik, Christine Thompson, and Kevin C. Nolan Christine Thompson and Kevin C. Nolan Principal Investigators ________________________________ Reports of Investigation 92 Volume 1 May 2016 Applied Anthropology Laboratories, Department of Anthropology Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306-0439 Phone: 765-285-5328 Fax: 765-285-2163 Web Address: http://www.bsu.edu/aal ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF STATE AND FEDERAL ASSISTANCE This project has been funded in part by a grant from the U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service’s Historic Preservation Fund administered by the Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology. The project received federal financial assistance for the identification, protection, and/or rehabilitation of historic properties and cultural resources in the State of Indiana. However, the contents and opinions contained in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of the Interior, nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation by the U.S. Department of the Interior. -
Example of Tropical Savanna Biome Is
Example Of Tropical Savanna Biome Is Marve waves outstation while unlighted Wilt reinvolves bimonthly or overheats divisibly. Shoddily lyncean, Gill silences eyebolts and wainscoted operativeness. Cubist Zary earmarks some sestina after nickel-and-dime Graham decapitating indirectly. They are also a major food source for other animals as aardvark and anteaters appreciate! These farmers are nutrition for sandy soils, which are considered to give higher and more reliable yields of millet, particularly when manured, than its clay soils in sample area. Commonwealth Plant Introduction Scheme. Fruit trees provide shade and food and also protect the soil. Savanna Wikipedia. Also some governments are exceptions and already have excellent programs operating. Narrow fringes of gallery forest often bring small rivers and streams of the region. If the rain were well distributed throughout the year, many such areas would become tropical forest. Walker, a skill be based on Unfortunately, our for this there even by doing the soi could help loan the tropics, strongly contrasting between years. Evergreen trees grow faster than deciduous trees in the boreal forest. Tropical and subtropical savannas found pay the equator and. The ecology and management of biological invasions in southern Africa. Truly, it makes her day enjoyable, structured and continuous. It was hypothesized that if facilitation is proof for seedling establishment in savanna, then fire or reduce seedling establishment. View or download all content the institution has subscribed to. Causes included works put these tropical biome fun. Learn new green wall: a long before its rate with flooded annually by a lot of. It has responded differently but increased. -
Tropical Savanna Climate Or Tropi- Cal Wet and Dry Climate Is a Type of Climate That Corresponds to the Köppen Climate Classification Categories “Aw” and “As”
Tropical savanna climate or tropi- cal wet and dry climate is a type of climate that corresponds to the Köppen climate classification categories “Aw” and “As”. Tropi- cal savanna climates have month- ly mean temperatures above 18 °C (64 °F) in every month of the Aw year and typically a pronounced Tropical savanna climate dry season, with the driest month having less than 60 mm (2.36 inches) of precipitation and also less than 100 – [total annual Location Examples: precipitation {mm}/25] of precip- • Northeastern Brazil itation. • Mexico This latter fact is in direct contrast to a tropical monsoon climate, • Florida, USA whose driest month sees less than • Caribbean 60 mm of precipitation but has more than 100 – [total annual precipitation {mm}/25] of pre- cipitation. In essence, a tropical savanna climate tends to either see less rainfall than a tropical monsoon climate or have more pronounced dry season(s). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Tropical_savanna_climate study By YuYan case study Naples Botanical Garden Visitor Center By Yanan Qian Location: Naples, USA Architect: Lake Flato Architects Owner: N/A Year of completion: 2014 Climate: Aw Material of interest: wood Application: Exterior Properties of material: Providing strong contextual place to the garden, a wood-paneled Prow above the cul- tivated greenery gives visitors views of Everglade palms below and distant glimpses of sawgrass wetlands beyond. Sources: Architect Website: http://www.lakeflato.com/ https://www.archdaily.com/774181/naples-botanical- garden-visitor-center-lake-flato-architects case study Marble House By Zhuoying Chen Location: Bangkok, Thailand Architect: OPENBOX Architects Owner: N/A Year of completion: 2017 Climate: Aw (Tropical Savanna Climate) Material of interest: Persian white classico Application: Roof and Skin Properties of material: • hard, durable, stable • adjust temporature, shield from direct sunlight and exter- nal heat • can be polished to a high luster, neat and elegant • expansive Sources: https://www.archdaily.com/872904/marble-house-open- box-architects. -
Mega-Stress for Mega-Cities a Climate Vulnerability Ranking of Major Coastal Cities in Asia
Mega-Stress for Mega-Cities A Climate Vulnerability Ranking of Major Coastal Cities in Asia Shanghai CHINA BANGLADESH Hong Kong Calcutta Dhaka INDIA Manila PHILIPPINES THAILAND VIETNAM Bangkok CAMBODIA Phnom Ho Chi Minh Penh Kuala Lumpur MALAYSIA SINGAPORE INDONESIA Jakarta Table of Contents Section I 3 - 6 Executive Summary Section II 7 - 8 Context Section III 9 - 10 Methodology Section IV City Scorecards 11 - 12 Dhaka, Bangladesh 13 - 14 Jakarta, Indonesia 15 - 16 Manila, Philippines 17 - 18 Calcutta, India 19 - 20 Phnom Penh, Cambodia 21 - 22 Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam 23 - 24 Shanghai, China 25 - 26 Bangkok, Thailand 27 - 28 Hong Kong, China 29 - 30 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 31 - 32 Singapore, Republic of Singapore Section V 33 - 34 Vulnerability Rankings Section VI 35 - 36 Policy Recommendations Section VII 37 - 39 References and Resources 2 Section I Executive Summary Asia is arguably among the regions of the world most vulnerable to climate change. Climate change and climatic variability have and will continue to impact all sectors, from national and economic security to human health, food production, infrastructure, water availability and ecosystems. The evidence of climate change in Asia is widespread: overall temperatures have risen from 1°C to 3°C over the last 100 years, precipitation patterns have changed, the number of extreme weather events is increasing, and sea levels are rising. Because many of the largest cities in Asia are located on the coast and within major river deltas, they are even more susceptible to the impacts of climate change. In response, this report highlights the vulnerability of some of those cities - with the goal of increasing regional awareness of the impacts of climate change, providing a starting point for further research and policy discussions, and triggering action to protect people and nature in and around Asia’s mega- cities from mega-stress in the future. -
MULTICENTENNIAL CLIMATIC CHANGES in the TERE-Khol
Olga K. Borisova1*, Andrei V. Panin1,2 1 Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 2 Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia 02|2019 * Corresponding author: [email protected] GES Multicentennial Climatic CHANGES 148 IN THE TERE-KHOL BASIN, SOUTHERN SIBERIA, DURING THE Late Holocene Abstract. Pollen analysis was carried out on an 80-cm sedimentary section on the shore of Lake Tere-Khol (southeastern Tuva). The section consists of peat overlapping lake loams and covers the last 2800 years. The alternation of dry-wet and cold-warm epochs has been established, and changes in heat and moisture occurred non-simultaneously. The first half of the studied interval, from 2.8 to 1.35 kyr BP was relatively arid and warmer on average. Against this background, temperature fluctuations occurred: relatively cold intervals 2.8– 2.6 and 2.05–1.7 kyr BP and relatively warm 2.6-2.05 and 1.7-1.35 kyr BP. The next time interval 1.35-0.7 kyr BP was relatively humid. Against this background, the temperatures varied from cold 1.35-1.1 kyr BP to relatively warm 1.1–0.7 kyr BP. The last 700 years have been relatively cold with a short warming from 400 to 250 years ago. This period included a relatively dry interval 700–400 years ago and more humid climate in the last 400 years. The established climate variability largely corresponds to other climate reconstructions in the Altai-Sayan region. The general cooling trend corresponds to an astronomically determined trend towards a decrease in solar radiation in temperate latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, and the centennial temperature fluctuations detected against this background correspond well to changes in solar activity reconstructed from 14C production and the concentration of cosmogenic isotopes in Greenland ice. -
Subarctic Passive House Study
July 11, 2013 Subarctic Passive House Case Study: A Superinsulated Foundation and Vapor Diffusion‐ Open Walls Cold Climate Housing Research Center Written by Bruno Grunau, PE July 11, 2013 Disclaimer: The research conducted or products tested used the methodologies described in this report. CCHRC cautions that different results might be obtained using different test methodologies. CCHRC suggests caution in drawing inferences regarding the research or products beyond the circumstances described in this report. i Subarctic Passive House Case Study: A Superinsulated Foundation and Vapor Diffusion‐Open Walls CONTENTS Summary .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Overview ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 2 Description of Wall System .................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Properties of Cellulose ..................................................................................................................................................................... -
Appendix 1: Database Matrix
Appendix 1: Database Matrix In reviewing each article, we inserted the data for each variable listed below into the ready- formulated Excel database. Where information was not provided or not clear, the data cells were left blank. Answers were mostly quantitative, pre-coded and categorized (as shown in Table A1 and A2 below) to ease subsequent data analysis. Similarly, as seen in Table 3, we used pre- defined categories (Mobility, Exchange, Rationing, Pooling, Diversification, Intensification, Innovation, Revitalization, and Other) to analyze adaptation type. We used basic statistics in Excel to analyze our results. Throughout, we critically examined data collection procedures and analytical methods used to support the information provided in the studies. Part I: Table A1. Descriptive characteristics Description Format Categories Variable Num Number of article (assigned Number --- by us: from 1 onwards) Ref Full scientific reference, eg: Text --- Author et al. (Year) Title, Journal, vol: (issue), pgs. Year Year that article published Number --- Jour Journal title Text --- Auth Lead author affiliation Text country Group Group studied Text Coded later into the following: Data year Year(s) that data were Number collected Cont Continent (classification of Number 1 = Africa 2 = Europe Encyclopedia Britannica 2006) 3 = Asia 4 = North America (including Central America) 5 = South America 6 = Australia 7 = Antarctica Region Region Number 101 = Northern Africa (Maghreb) 102 = Sahel 103 = Rest of Western Africa 104 = East Africa (excluding the Horn