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Cijhar 22 FINAL.Pmd
1 1 Vijayanagara as Reflected Through its Numismatics *Dr. N.C. Sujatha Abstract Vijayanagara an out-and-out an economic state which ushered broad outlay of trade and commerce, production and manufacture for over- seas markets. Its coinage had played definitely a greater role in tremendous economic activity that went on not just in India, but also across the continent. Its cities were bustled with traders and merchandise for several countries of Europe and Africa. The soundness of their economy depended on a stable currency system. The present paper discusses the aspects relating to the coinage of Vijayanagara Empire and we could enumerate from these coins about their administration. Its currency system is a wonderful source for the study of its over-all activities of administration, social needs, religious preferences, vibrant trade and commerce and traditional agriculture and irrigation Key words : Empire, Administration, Numismatics, Currency, trade, commerce, routes, revenue, land-grants, mint, commercial, brisk, travellers, aesthetic, fineness, abundant, flourishing, gadyana, Kasu, Varaha, Honnu, panam, Pardai, enforcement, Foundation of Vijayanagara Empire in a.d.1336 is an epoch in the History of South India. It was one of the great empires founded and ruled for three hundred years, and was widely extended over peninsular India. It stood as a bulwark against the recurring invasions from the Northern India. The rule Vijayanagara is the most enthralling period for military exploits, daring conquests, spread of a sound administration. Numismatics is an important source for the study of history. At any given time, the coins in circulation can throw lot of light on then prevalent situation. -
Introduction
Introduction The Fozu tongji 佛祖統紀 (T 2035, Comprehensive History of the Buddhist Patriarchs) is a massive work of Buddhist historiography composed by the Southern Song monk Zhipan 志磐 (ca. 1220–1275). The present translation project, which is intended to have three volumes, refers to a part of the Fozu tongji entitled “Fayun tongsai zhi” 法運通塞志 (Monograph on Success and Obstructions in the Spread of the Dharma). The “Fayun tongsai zhi,” covering Fozu tongji, juan 34–48, is an annalistic chronicle of Buddhism in China. It goes through Chinese history dynasty by dynasty, ruler by ruler, and year by year, list- ing events following the chronological order. With the present project I intend to offer a complete translation of the “Fayun tongsai zhi.” In the present vol- ume, I translate the first five juan (i.e. Fozu tongji, juan 34–38), which contain the annals referring to the history of Buddhism in China from the time of the birth of the Buddha in the 26th year of King Zhao of Zhou 周昭王 to the end of the Nanbeichao period. In the second volume I will translate the next four juan of the “Fayun tongsai zhi” (i.e. Fozu tongji, juan 39–42), which have previously been translated by Jan Yün-hua,1 and refer to the history of Buddhism from the Sui dynasty to the end of the Wudai period. In the third volume I will translate the remaining six juan of the “Fayun tongsai zhi” (i.e. Fozu tongji, juan 43–48), which refer to the history of Buddhism in the Song dynasty up to the year 1236, the third year of the duanping 端平 era of the Southern Song emperor Lizong 理宗. -
LU?N ÁN TI?N SI TAN NGOC HO 2009 BOOK.Indd
BEGINNING AND DEVELOPMENT OF BUDDHIST EDUCATION IN VIETNAM BY TAN NGOC HO UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST APRIL 2009 2020 CONTENTS Abstract 11 Acknowledgement 15 Chapter One INTRODUCTION 1.1. Rationale for Study 19 1.2. The Basic Hypothesis 20 1.3. Methodology of Research 21 1.4. Plan of Research 22 1.5. Presentation of results 26 Chapter Two CONTEXTUAL BACKGROUND A. C A E O V B T A O B: T R O V C 2.1. Geography and Early Migrations 27 2.2. Early Historical Dynasties 31 2.3. ntertwined History of Vietnam and China at the Beginning of Vietnamese Cultural Development 33 B. H B C T B I T V 2.4. Sources of Information 35 2.5. ntroduction of Buddhism to Vietnam by Asoka from India: Confl icting Theories and Tentative Conclusion 38 2.6. The Role of Buddhism in the Liberation of Vietnam 44 2.7. Buddhism and Its Two Golden Ages 49 2.8. Buddhism Spreads to the South 52 2.9. Assimilation and diff erentiation 55 BEGINNING AND DEVELOPMENT OF BUDDHIST EDUCATION IN VIETNAM 2.10. Historic Autonomy of the Pagoda 58 2.11. Verifi cation of Contextual Background 60 2.12 Conclusions on Contextual Background 69 Chapter Three BEGINNING OF BUDDHIST EDUCATION IN VIETNAM 3.1. Lack of Information 73 3.2. Impact of Chinese Tradition on Vietnamese Buddhism 73 3.3. Vietnam as Melting Pot of Indian and Chinese Cultures 75 Chapter Four DEVELOPMENT OF BUDDHIST EDUCATION IN VIETNAM 4.1. Buddhism: Origin and Teachings 79 4.2. Early Trends in Vietnamese Education 91 4.3. -
Out of the Shadows: Socially Engaged Buddhist Women
University of San Diego Digital USD Theology and Religious Studies: Faculty Scholarship Department of Theology and Religious Studies 2019 Out of the Shadows: Socially Engaged Buddhist Women Karma Lekshe Tsomo PhD University of San Diego, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digital.sandiego.edu/thrs-faculty Part of the Buddhist Studies Commons, and the Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons Digital USD Citation Tsomo, Karma Lekshe PhD, "Out of the Shadows: Socially Engaged Buddhist Women" (2019). Theology and Religious Studies: Faculty Scholarship. 25. https://digital.sandiego.edu/thrs-faculty/25 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Theology and Religious Studies at Digital USD. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theology and Religious Studies: Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of Digital USD. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Section Titles Placed Here | I Out of the Shadows Socially Engaged Buddhist Women Edited by Karma Lekshe Tsomo SAKYADHITA | HONOLULU First Edition: Sri Satguru Publications 2006 Second Edition: Sakyadhita 2019 Copyright © 2019 Karma Lekshe Tsomo All rights reserved No part of this book may not be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, or by any information storage or retreival system, without the prior written permission from the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations. Cover design Copyright © 2006 Allen Wynar Sakyadhita Conference Poster -
Buddhism at the End of the Colonial Period
Buddhism at the End of the Colonial Period Jonathan S. Watts Keio University Tokyo, Japan Historical Development of SEB: Asian Colonial Era 16th to 20th Centuries 4 Responses to Modernity v Buddhist Nationalism: Modern Nationalism is most often characterized by the fusing together of a specific ethnic group and their religious heritage to a nation-state with specifically defined borders. Buddhist Nationalism was initially part of the anti-colonial struggle against the West, but after Asian emancipation, it became a force against minority groups and cultural diversity as part of the complex renegotiation of national borders and identities in the Post WWII Era. v Socially Engaged Buddhism (SEB): SEB also arose as a response to the colonial domination of the West. However, it has been a more open minded movement that has not allied itself with the state and sought solutions to social problems through pan-Asian solidarity, inter-religious cooperation, and alliances with progressive forces in the West. 4 Responses to Modernity v Buddhist Socialism: The early development of socialism and communism in Europe had an important impact on Asians as a modern but anti- colonial and liberative ideology. Many Buddhists found socialist concepts to be in line with Buddhist teachings and the rules of the monastic order. v Market Buddhist: In Asian nations that did not embrace communism, some Buddhist groups have tried to align Buddhist teachings with capitalist values of economic growth and enjoying a prosperous life as a sign of virtue. Anti Colonial Movements -
Gongan Collections I 公案集公案集 Gongangongan Collectionscollections I I Juhn Y
7-1 COLLECTED WORKS OF KOREAN BUDDHISM 7-1 GONGAN COLLECTIONS I COLLECTIONS GONGAN 公案集公案集 GONGANGONGAN COLLECTIONSCOLLECTIONS I I JUHN Y. AHN JUHN Y. (EDITOR) JOHN JORGENSEN COLLECTED WORKS OF KOREAN BUDDHISM VOLUME 7-1 公案集 GONGAN COLLECTIONS I Collected Works of Korean Buddhism, Vol. 7-1 Gongan Collections I Edited by John Jorgensen Translated by Juhn Y. Ahn Published by the Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism Distributed by the Compilation Committee of Korean Buddhist Thought 45 Gyeonji-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-170, Korea / T. 82-2-725-0364 / F. 82-2-725-0365 First printed on June 25, 2012 Designed by ahn graphics ltd. Printed by Chun-il Munhwasa, Paju, Korea © 2012 by the Compilation Committee of Korean Buddhist Thought, Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism This project has been supported by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, Republic of Korea. ISBN: 978-89-94117-10-2 ISBN: 978-89-94117-17-1 (Set) Printed in Korea COLLECTED WORKS OF KOREAN BUDDHISM VOLUME 7-1 公案集 GONGAN COLLECTIONS I EDITED BY JOHN JORGENSEN TRANSLATED AND ANNOTATED BY JUHN Y. AHN i Preface to The Collected Works of Korean Buddhism At the start of the twenty-first century, humanity looked with hope on the dawning of a new millennium. A decade later, however, the global village still faces the continued reality of suffering, whether it is the slaughter of innocents in politically volatile regions, the ongoing economic crisis that currently roils the world financial system, or repeated natural disasters. Buddhism has always taught that the world is inherently unstable and its teachings are rooted in the perception of the three marks that govern all conditioned existence: impermanence, suffering, and non-self. -
Imperial-Way
BUDDHISM/ZEN PHILOSOPHY/JAPANESE HISTORY (Continued from front flap) IMPERIAL-WAY ZEN IMPERIAL-WAY Of related The Record of Linji his own argument that Imperial-Way Zen interest Translation and commentary by Ruth Fuller Sasaki During the first half of the twentieth centu- can best be understood as a modern instance Edited by Thomas Yūhō Kirchner ry, Zen Buddhist leaders contributed active- 2008, 520 pages of Buddhism’s traditional role as protector ly to Japanese imperialism, giving rise to Cloth ISBN: 978-0-8248-2821-9 of the realm. Turning to postwar Japan, Ives what has been termed “Imperial-Way Zen” examines the extent to which Zen leaders “This new edition will be the translation of choice for Western Zen communities, (Kōdō Zen). Its foremost critic was priest, have reflected on their wartime political college courses, and all who want to know that the translation they are reading is professor, and activist Ichikawa Hakugen stances and started to construct a critical faithful to the original. Professional scholars of Buddhism will revel in the sheer (1902–1986), who spent the decades follow- wealth of information packed into footnotes and bibliographical notes. Unique Zen social ethic. Finally, he considers the ing Japan’s surrender almost single-hand- among translations of Buddhist texts, the footnotes to the Kirchner edition con- resources Zen might offer its contemporary tain numerous explanations of grammatical constructions. Translators of classi- edly chronicling Zen’s support of Japan’s leaders as they pursue what they themselves cal Chinese will immediately recognize the Kirchner edition constitutes a small imperialist regime and pressing the issue have identified as a pressing task: ensuring handbook of classical and colloquial Chinese grammar. -
Gushan: the Formation of a Chan Lineage During the Seventeenth Century and Its Spread to Taiwan
Gushan: the Formation of a Chan Lineage During the Seventeenth Century and Its Spread to Taiwan Hsuan-Li Wang Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2014 © 2014 Hsuan-Li Wang All rights reserved ABSTRACT Gushan: the Formation of a Chan Lineage During the Seventeenth Century and Its Spread to Taiwan Hsuan-Li Wang Taking Gushan 鼓山 Monastery in Fujian Province as a reference point, this dissertation investigates the formation of the Gushan Chan lineage in Fujian area and its later diffusion process to Taiwan. From the perspective of religion diffusion studies, this dissertation investigates the three stages of this process: 1. the displacement of Caodong 曹洞 Chan center to Fujian in the seventeenth century; 2. Chinese migration bringing Buddhism to Taiwan in the Qing dynasty (1644-1911) and 3. the expansion diffusion activities of the institutions and masters affiliated with this lineage in Taiwan during the Japanese rule (1895-1945), and the new developments of humanistic Buddhism (renjian fojiao 人間佛教) after 1949. In this spreading process of the Gushan Chan lineage, Taiwanese Buddhism has emerged as the bridge between Chinese and Japanese Buddhism because of its unique historical experiences. It is in the expansion diffusion activities of the Gushan Chan lineage in Taiwan that Taiwanese Buddhism has gradually attained autonomy during the Japanese rule, leading to post-war new developments in contemporary humanistic Buddhism. Table of Contents List of Chart, Maps and Tables iii Acknowledgements iv Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1. Research Motives and Goals 2 2. -
Sanskrit Words Seen in 27 Khmer Proverbs
SAN SArIN SANSkrIT wOrDS SEEN IN 27 khMEr PrOVErBS a Glance through sanskrit, Proverbs and Khmer cultural context. A proverb would have been considered as an equivalent to a big and thick book. In ancient time a proverb can resume an exhortation, an appeal to reason, a reprimand, a justice, a taking care of love. without speaking of philosophy, a proverb is a popular wisdom. It conveys the first steps of truth, the realistic aspects of things, and in a few words it embodies living voice of humanity. Any civilization through its own language has a collection of proverbs which are capable to hold on the signications facing elaborate philosophy and sophisticated thought. Mankind has created various tools to satisfy the need of all kind. Otherwise, a proverb could be viewed as a tool functioning like a whip made of words. human being lashes a whip against the ground to call upon anyone to a good sense in life as a proverb is the fruit of experiences through generations. A proverb may be considered as a lengthening of human intelligence as well as a tool is an extension of hands. Mankind has laid down a wisdom and a proverb, in its simple expression, is still an evidence through ages. Does one know when a proverb will reach a regression? Facing the prowess of the forthcoming technology, spiritual feeling would have a restricted place as life is more surrounded by bodily needs, by diseases, by a progressive degradation of natural resources and by an ill- working of living framework. Consequently, mankind could have left proverb as well as dead body had been abandoned at a 92 Indologica taurinensia, 36 (2010) secluded place in the forest. -
Rethinking Buddhist Materialism
Special 20th Anniversary Issue Journal of Buddhist Ethics ISSN 1076-9005 http://blogs.dickinson.edu/buddhistethics/ Volume 20, 2013 Liberation as Revolutionary Praxis: Rethinking Buddhist Materialism James Mark Shields Bucknell University Copyright Notice: Digital copies of this work may be made and distributed provided no change is made and no altera- tion is made to the content. Reproduction in any other format, with the exception of a single copy for private study, requires the written permission of the author. All enquiries to: [email protected]. Liberation as Revolutionary Praxis: Rethinking Buddhist Materialism James Mark Shields1 Abstract Although it is only in recent decades that scholars have be- gun to reconsider and problematize Buddhist conceptions of “freedom” and “agency,” the thought traditions of Asian Buddhism have for many centuries struggled with ques- tions related to the issue of “liberation”—along with its fundamental ontological, epistemological and ethical im- plications. With the development of Marxist thought in the mid to late nineteenth century, a new paradigm for think- ing about freedom in relation to history, identity and social change found its way to Asia, and confronted traditional re- ligious interpretations of freedom as well as competing Western ones. In the past century, several attempts have been made—in India, southeast Asia, China and Japan—to bring together Marxist and Buddhist worldviews, with only moderate success (both at the level of theory and practice). 1 Associate Professor of Comparative -
Scriptural Continuity Between Traditional and Engaged Buddhism
SCRIPTURAL CONTINUITY BETWEEN TRADITIONAL AND ENGAGED BUDDHISM Jack Carman B.A., California State University, Fresno 1974 THESIS Submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in LIBERAL ARTS at CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, SACRAMENTO SPRING 2010 © 2010 Jack Carman ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii SCRIPTURAL CONTINUITY BETWEEN TRADITIONAL AND ENGAGED BUDDHISM A Thesis by Jack Carman Approved by: __________________________________, Committee Chair Joel Dubois, Ph.D. __________________________________, Second Reader Jeffrey Brodd, Ph.D. ____________________________ Date iii Student: Jack Carman I certify that this student has met the requirements for format contained in the University format manual, and that this thesis is suitable for shelving in the Library and credit is to be awarded for the thesis. __________________________, Department Chair ___________________ Jeffrey Brodd, Ph.D. Date Liberal Arts Master’s Program iv Abstract of SCRIPTURAL CONTINUITY BETWEEN TRADITIONAL AND ENGAGED BUDDHISM by Jack Carman Engaged Buddhism is a modern reformist movement. It stirs debate concerning the scriptural and philosophical origins of Buddhist social activism. Some scholars argue there is continuity between traditional Buddhism and a rationale for social activism in engaged Buddhism. Other scholars argue that while the origins of social activism may be latent in the traditional scriptures, this latency cannot be activated until Asian Buddhism interacts with Western sociopolitical theory. In this thesis I present an overview of Buddhist fundamentals that are common to both traditional and engaged Buddhism, and I conduct a critical overview of three seminal Buddhist texts – The Dhammapada, The Edicts of Asoka, and Nagarjuna’s Precious Garland. I provide critical reviews of contemporary Buddhist scholars representing both the traditional and modernist schools. -
How to Meditate: the Classic Zazen Manual for Today
How to Meditate: The Classic Zazen Manual For Today In Zen Buddhism, a worthy student is never taught. Guided, inspired, challenged – yes. But not taught. Why? It’s essential that each of us directly realize it for ourselves. The real thing cannot be taught. It doesn’t need to be. A genuine “teacher” and Dharma friends, however, offer great support and inspiration on the way. Through mutual respect and trust, valuable guidance naturally emerges. And, when needed, also a real challenge. But we are careful not to let anything get in the way of each one realizing themselves. Common obstacles include over-reliance on the teacher and obsession over perfecting meditation techniques in order to dwell in emptiness or have an enlightenment experience. With this in mind, I will comment on the classic Zazen Manual. It has been used for many centuries and is still used today in Zen training. While its authorship is unclear, it is a Chinese work that took its present form about 1,000 years ago. In Japan it is found in both the popular Four Texts of the Zen School and in the Poison-Painted Drum, the basic handbook for Rinzai monastic practice. It is the zazen manual; other, later writings on zazen, including those by the Japanese Zen master Dôgen (1200-1253), are largely based, word for word, on it. Brief and to the point, it covers the basics of zazen meditation, including physical posture, mental attitude, and problems that may arise. Let us look into this classic Zazen Manual and apply it so that it too can offer, like an old and trusted Dharma friend, the needed guidance, inspiration, and challenge for us today.