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China Mineral Resources 2018 China Mineral Resources Prepared by Ministry of Natural Resources, PRC GEOLOGICAL PUBLISHING HOUSE BEIJING Editorial Committee Chairman: Ling Yueming Vice-chairman: Ju Jianhua Jiang Wenbiao Members: Yu Qinghe Wang Shaobo Wang Quanling Zhuang Shaoqin Liu Jian Liu Shuchen Zhang Zuoheng Zhang Zhi Yang Hulin Yang Shangbing Yang Xuejun Wu Taiping Chen Xianda Yao Yichuan Xiong Zili Bo Zhiping Wei Tiejun Editor-in-chief: Wei Tiejun Associate Editor-in-chief: Yan Weidong Editorial Staff: Ma Xiaojie Ma Jianming Yu Jiangwei Niu Li Deng Feng Yan Shenghao Li Erheng Li Jianzhong Li Xianhai Wang Hanyu Zhang Ying Fan Li Lin Bolei Shan Weidong Zhou Qizhong Hu Jie Jiang Ya Jiang Wenli Luo Tuanjie Zhao Zheng Xu Guifen Xu Shuguang Guo Min Guo Juan Cao Qinghua Lin Zhiyong Pan Xinru Foreword Foreword Since 2011, the Ministry of Land and Resources has started to organize the preparation of the annual China Mineral Resources (CMR) to effectively improve the public service capacity of mineral resources management departments and promote the disclosure of government information so that the public can better know about China’s exploration, exploitation and utilization of mineral resources and the latest policies and regulations. In 2018, the Ministry of Natural Resources was established to integrate the responsibilities of the former Ministry of Land and Resources and other departments to uniformly exercise the responsibilities of the owners of natural resources assets owned by the whole people, and to uniformly exercise all the responsibilities of national land space use regulations and ecological protection & restoration. The continuous compilation of CMR will enable the relevant departments and agencies at home and abroad, as well as people who care about and support China’s natural resources undertakings, to better know about the relevant information. The CMR 2018 focuses on such information since 2017 as the new progress in China’s exploration, exploitation and utilization of mineral resources, mine geological environment protection, and geological and mineral surveys and evaluations; the new measures in policies and regulations related to mineral resources planning, supervision and management, mining tax and fee system reforms and ecological environment protection; the new developments in scientific and technological innovation in mineral resources exploration, exploitation and utilization, as well as geoscience theory research; and the new achievements in international geological and mineral resources cooperation with countries participating in the “Belt and Road” Initiative. In 2017, the reserves & resources of coal, oil, natural gas, shale gas, manganese, gold, graphite and so on in China increased. Several giant deposits were discovered, in which of, three new I China Mineral Resources 2018 coal fields with resources more than 5 billion tons, two gold deposits more than 1 hundred tons, two oil fields with geological reserves more than 100 million tons, and three gas fields more than 50 billion m3. By the end of April 2018, accumulative geological reserves of shale gas has been more than 1 trillion cubic meters. The investment in oil and gas exploration rebounded to some extent, whilst the investment in non-oil and gas exploration continued to decline. Guided by the strategic thought of ecological civilization, green exploration was advocated, and the use of green environmentally-friendly exploration and exploitation techniques was promoted. Four support policies (i.e. mining right policy, land use policy, fiscal policy, and financial policy) were clearly defined, and the construction of green mines was comprehensively promoted. The mine geological environment management and ecological restoration were actively implemented. The availability of mineral commodities has been continuously strengthened, the demand has kept growing, and the energy consumption structure has been continuously optimized. Policies and regulations on mineral resources have been constantly revised and improved. Some of the administrative approvals were further canceled and decentralized clean-up of land and resources laws, regulations, rules and normative documents involved in the construction of ecological civilization and fair competition review was carried out, so as to further promote the reform of “decentralization, supervision and service optimization”. The royalty system for mineral resources was established and improved, and the competitive transfer of mineral rights in six pilot provinces was comprehensively promoted. The State Council’s approval opinion of the National Mineral Resources Plan was fully implemented, and the mid-term evaluation of the implementation of the plan was conducted. The supervision and management of geological exploration was improved, and the layout of mineral exploration was further optimized. The approval and registration system of mineral rights was improved, and the clean-up and classified disposal of mining rights were accelerated. Moreover, a pilot project for unified mining rights registration of mineral resources and reserves was initiated, the mineral resources reserve system was established and improved, the protection and supervision of mineral resources were strengthened, and the ability of mineral resources protection was further improved. The level of basic geological survey was further improved. Important discoveries of oil and gas were made in new areas, new series of strata, new fields and new depths. Geological survey and evaluation of non-oil and gas minerals were mainly carried out in the key metallogenic belts, packaged exploration areas, important ore deposit-concentrated areas and large resource II Foreword bases, new prospecting targets were delineated and new mineral deposits were discovered. The geological data management system was further improved, and the service capacity and level were continuously promoted. The strategy of scientific and technological innovation of mineral resources was fully implemented to meet national development. Moreover, innovations were continuously made in metallogenic theory, prospecting model and exploration approach, and R&D or integration of a number of geological prospecting instruments and equipment was also carried out. The technology for comprehensive utilization of mineral resources was widely applied. A recommended national standard and 35 recommended geological and mineral industry standards were released and implemented. The bilateral and multilateral cooperation in the field of geology and mineral resources was comprehensively promoted to actively respond to the “Belt and Road” Initiative. Through international exchange platforms such as China Mining and China - ASEAN Mining Cooperation Forum, mining exchanges and cooperation with relevant countries were further expanded. Statistics in the CMR are mainly from the Ministry of Natural Resources and the National Bureau of Statistics of the People’s Republic of China. Statistics from the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Macao Special Administrative Region and Taiwan Province of the People’s Republic of China are not included in this report. III Contents Contents Foreword Chapter I Mineral Resources ………………………………………………1 I. Reserves & Resources ………………………………………………………… 1 II. Review and Filing of Reports on Mineral Resources & Reserves ……… 4 III. Potential of Mineral Resources ……………………………………………… 4 Chapter II Exploration ………………………………………………………8 I. Geological Exploration Spending …………………………………………… 8 II. Progress in Oil and Gas Exploration ………………………………………… 9 III. Progress in Non-oil and Gas Mineral Exploration ………………………… 11 Chapter III Development and Utilization ……………………………… 13 I. Mining Fixed Assets Investments …………………………………………… 13 II. Production and Consumption ………………………………………………… 15 III. Conservation and Comprehensive Utilization ……………………………… 18 Chapter IV Rehabilitation and Restoration of Mine Geological Environment and Green Development ………………… 23 I. Rehabilitation and Restoration of Mine Geological Environment ………… 23 II. Green Exploration ……………………………………………………………… 24 III. Green Mines …………………………………………………………………… 25 Chapter V Policies and Regulations on Mineral Resources ……… 26 I. Policies and Regulations on Mineral Resources …………………………… 26 II. Reforms of Mineral Resources System ……………………………………… 27 V China Mineral Resources 2018 III. Taxes on Mineral resources ………………………………………………… 30 Chapter VI Mineral Resources Management ………………………… 32 I. Mineral Resources Planning and Management ……………………………… 32 II. Geological Exploration Management ………………………………………… 34 III. Management of Mineral Resources and Reserves ……………………… 35 IV. Mineral Rights Management ………………………………………………… 37 V. Management of Paleontological Fossils ……………………………………… 38 Chapter VII Geological and Mineral Resources Surveys and Evaluations ……………………………………………… 40 I. Basic Geological Surveys ……………………………………………………… 40 II. Mineral Resources Surveys and Evaluations ……………………………… 41 III. Marine Geological Surveys …………………………………………………… 43 IV. Urban Geological Surveys …………………………………………………… 44 Chapter VIII Geological Data Management and Services …………… 45 I. Geological Data Management ………………………………………………… 45 II. Archived Geological Data ……………………………………………………… 46 III. Geological Data Services …………………………………………………… 47 Chapter IX Scientific and Technological Innovations ……………… 48 I. Research on Basic Geology and Mineral Theories ………………………… 48 II. Exploration Technologies ……………………………………………………… 50 III. Development and Utilization Technologies ………………………………… 52 IV. Scientific and
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