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Middle Atlas, Morocco) 2 Flora of the biological and ecological interest site (BEIS) of Tichoukt mountain (middle atlas, Morocco) 2 Soumis le : 19/03/2014 Forme révisée acceptée le : 28/ 06/2015 Nature & Technology Auteur correspondant : Flora of the biological and ecological interest site (BEIS) of Tichoukt mountain (middle atlas, Morocco) Mohammed Sghir Taleb and Mohamed Fennane Institut Scientifique, Université Mohammed V-Agdal, B.P. 703, Rabat, 10106 Maroc Abstract The work deals with floristic diversity and chorology of taxa present in the Biological and Ecological Interest Site (BEIS) of Tichoukt mountain (Middle Atlas, Morocco). Tichoukt mountain is covered by three main kinds of ecosystems : • Forest and matorral ecosystems: dominant species are Quercus rotundifolia (holm oak), Cedrus atlantica (cedar of Atlas), Juniperus phoenicea (red juniper), J. thurifera (thuriferous juniper) , J. communis subsp. hemisphaerica (common juniper), Berberis hispanica, Crataegus laciniata. • Spiny xerophytic ecosystem with Cytisus balansae, Bupleurum spinosum, Erinacea anthyllis, Alyssum spinosum ... • Rocky (or rupicolous) ecosystem with Ephedra major , Lonicera pyrenaica , Rhamnus atlantica , Globularia liouvillei , Saxifraga longifolia , Aethionema saxatile ... The flora is valued at more than 184 species with a remarkable number of rare, threatened and / or endemic species. To give an overview on the flora distribution in the BEIS, localities of species sampled are provided with detailled geographical coordinates for the endemic and/or rare ones. Keywords: Flora, Tichoukt mountain, Biological and Ecological Interest Site, Morocco. 1. Introduction species observed are listed as well as those cited in this Following a national study on protected areas in region by the "Flore vasculaire du Maroc: inventaire Morocco [1], Tichoukt mountain were selected by the et chorologie" [2,3]. ministry of water and forest as a Biological and Ecological Interest Site (BEIS) that needs urgent In this paper, we present, for the first time, the whole protection measures. According to this study, vascular flora of Tichoukt mountain with informations Tichoukt mountain is one of 154 terrestrial BEIS on the chorological aspect. Endemic and/or rare taxa identified in the whole country ; its main peculiarities are mentioned. are the presence of : Beside scientific interest, the main aim of this work is • Continental forest of Cedrus atlantica, to gather maximum of informations on floristic unfortunatly very degraded. diversity and originalities in order to help decision • Some stations of Juniperus communis , very rare makers for exploitation, conservation and protection species in Morocco, also currently degraded and issues. fragmented populations. • Many endemic and remarkable species (see 2. Material and Method below). Exhaustive sampling has permitted to develop a fairly Tichoukt mountain is located between the Central complete list of vascular plants for the first time. All and Eastern parts of Middle Atlas (Fig. 1). It culminates at 2787 m with a ridge line that remains above the 2400 m over most of its length. The Guigou Revue « Nature & Technologie ». C- Sciences de l'Environnement, n° 15/ Juin 2016. Pages 02 à 13 3 Flora of the biological and ecological interest site (BEIS) of Tichoukt mountain (middle atlas, Morocco) river delimits the BEIS to the north with the 3. Results depressions of the Tarhroute basin and Skoura. According to climate data of Boulmane, Tichoukt 3.1. vegetation survey mountain receives an average of over 470 mm of rain. Average temperatures do not exceed 20°C, while Due to its geographical position,Tichoukt mountain is minimum temperatures can reach -5°C in winter. submitted to both influences: wet from Western and Bioclimates are semi-arid and subhumid. The Northern and dry from East and South [7]; vegetation belts are montagnard mediterranean and consequently, it shows a rich flora (184 taxa) observed oromediterranean [4]. in three main kinds of ecosystems: The field sampling was oriented in order to cover all • Forest and matorral ecosystems (Fig. 2), organised kind of vegetation represented in the map "Carte by one or more of the following species: Cedrus phytoécologique du Moyen Atlas central" of Lecompte atlantica , Quercus rotundifolia, Juniperus phoenicea, [6] ; for each ecosystem, the floristic surveys were J. thurifera, J. communis, Buxus balearica, Taxus spread over a maximum number of different stations baccata, Berberis hispanica, Crataegus laciniata . depending on the altitude, exposure and soil. Taxa listed below were noted and/or collected during three field trips: two in spring of year 2008 and one in the same season in 2009. Informations on endemism and rarity of taxa come from the "Catalogue des plantes vasculaires rares, menacées ou endémiques du Maroc" [7]. : Abbreviations are as following • E: Endemic to Morocco • A: Endemic to Morocco and Algeria • I: Endemic to Morocco and Iberian Peninsula • V: Vulnerable in Morocco • R: Rare in Morocco • R?: Suspected rare in Morocco • RR: Very rare in Morocco Fig. 2: Cedar forest • RR?: Suspected very rare in Morocco • Spiny xerophytic ecosystem (Fig. 3) with Cytisus Species abundance in the area of Tichoukt BEIS is balansae , Bupleurum spinosum, Erinacea anthyllis, expressed in three categories: Alyssum spinosum . The main association described (a): Abundant here is Avenastro filifolii-Erinaceetum anthyllidis [4]. (b): Moderately abundant (c): Rare to very rare. Fig. 3: Spiny xerophytic ecosystem • Rocky ecosystems (Fig. 4) with Juniperus communis, Ephedra major, Lonicera pyrenaica, Rhamnus atlantica and others more alticoles like Globularia liouvillei, Saxifraga longifolia, Aethionema saxatile Fig. 1: Location of the study area Revue « Nature & Technologie ». C- Sciences de l'Environnement, n° 15/ Juin 2016. Pages 02 à 13 Flora of the biological and ecological interest site (BEIS) of Tichoukt mountain (middle atlas, Morocco) 4 Geropogon hybridus (L.) Sch. Bip. (c) Berberis hispanica and Crataegus laciniata ecosystem. Pilosella pseudopilosella (Ten.) Sojàk R? (c) ● E Spiny xerophytic and common juniper ecosystems; above 2 100 m. Hypochoris laevigata (L.) Ces. & al. (c) Rocky ecosystem from 2400 m. Jurinea humilis (Desf.) DC. (b) Spiny xerophytic and common juniper ecosystems; rare in the cedar ecosystem; from 2200 m. Lactuca saligna L. (b) Holm oak ecosystem. Fig. 4: Rocky ecosystem Lactuca viminea (L.) J. Presl & C. Presl (c) Spiny xerophytic ecosystem. The flora and ecosystems of Tichoukt are submitted to Rhodanthemum arundanum (Boiss.) B. H. Wilcox & al. high natural constraints (climate stress, parasites (b) attack,...) and anthropozoic pressure (overgrazing, Spiny xerophytic ecosystem. overexploitation of wood product, illegal clearing of Micropus supinus L. (b) woodlands, ...). Thus, many ecosystems are in Red juniper ecosystem; holm oak ecosystem with advanced state of deterioration such as cedar, Buxus balearica . thuriferous and common juniper. Onopordum acaulon L. (b) Holm oak, cedar and spiny xerophytic ecosystems. I- Flora Pallenis spinosa (L.) Cass. (b) Lower sides. Asteraceae Phagnalon rupestre (L.) DC. (b) Achillea santolinoides Lag. (c) Holm oak ecosystem with Buxus balearica . Red juniper ecosystem. Scolymus hispanicus L. (b) Artemisia herba alba Asso (c) Lower sides of clearings in the holm oak with Buxus holm oak and red juniper ecosystems, isolated places, balearica and red juniper. up to 2000 m. Scorzonera caespitosa Pomel (a) Atractylis caespitosa Desf. (c) Spiny xerophytic, thuriferous and common juniper Holm oak ecosystem, lower north side. ecosystems. Bellis sylvestris Cirillo (c) Taraxacum obovatum (Willd.) DC. (c) Holm oak ecosystem with Buxus balearica, 1650 m Spiny xerophytic ecosystem from 2 300 m. (33° 24' 10" x 4° 43' 14") ; dead cedar, 2440 m Xeranthemum inapertum (L.) Miller (b) (33° 23' 20" x 4° 40' 36") ; thuriferous ecosystem, 2300 Holm oak and red juniper ecosystems. m (33° 22' 91" x 4° 40' 68"). Fabaceae Carthamus atractyloides (Pomel) R (b) ●A Anthyllis vulneraria L. RR (c) ●E Cedar, spiny xerophytic and common juniper - subsp. atlantis Emberger & Maire RR ●I ecosystems (33° 22' 94" x 4° 40' 67"), from 2 350 to 2 - subsp. reuteri Cullen RR ●E 600 m. Astragalus armatus Willd. (b) Carthamus pomelianus (Batt.) Prain R? (c) ●A - subsp. numidicus (Murb.) Tietz. Holm oak ecosystem, south side piedmont (33° 21' 54 x South lower sides in Berberis hispanica and Crataegus 4° 39' 58"), 2120 m. laciniata ecosystem and holm oak ecosystem with Carthamus rhaponticoides (Pomel) Greuter (c) Buxus balearica . Cedar ecosystem, southern side (33° 23' 12" x 4° 40' Astragalus incanus L. (c) 39"), 2370 m. Medium altitudes earth soils. Catananche caerulea L. (b) Coronilla minima L. (c) Holm oak with Buxus balearica , cedar, thuriferous - subsp. lotoides (Koch) Nyman and common juniper ecosystems, 2000-2400 m. Cytisus balansae (Boiss.) Ball (a) Cheirolophus benoistii (Humbert) Holub R? (c) ●E - subsp. balansae Holm oak ecosystem, north side. Organizer with other species the spiny xerophytic Centaurea involucrata Desf. (c) ecosystem. South side. Cytisus fontanesii Ball (c) ●IA Cyanus triumfetti (All.) A. Löve & D. Löve RR (c) Erinacea anthyllis Link. (a) spiny xerophytic ecosystem, north side, above 2200 m. - subsp. anthyllis Cirsium odontolepis DC. R (b) Organizer with other species the spiny xerophytic Cedar ecosystem. ecosystem. Revue « Nature & Technologie ». C- Sciences de l'Environnement, n° 15/ Juin 2016. Pages 02 à 13 5 Flora of the biological and ecological interest
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