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Fam. Schmetterlingsblütler ​​ Fabaceae-2005.C.Pdf Schmetterlingsblütler, Fabaceae, Papilionaceae Exkursion im Botanischen Garten der Universität Tübingen Zusammenstellung, Bilder und Texte von Franz Oberwinkler (© F.Oberwinkler). Fakultative Ergänzung zur Vorlesung „Farne“ im Grundstudium an der Universität Tübingen im Sommersemester 2005. Als Texte werden Gattungs- und Familien-Kurzdiagnosen verwendet. Es werden Arten angegeben die im Botanischen Garten Tübingen an unterschiedlichen Orten kultiviert werden. Artnamen sind mit Autoren und vereinfachten Verbreitungsangaben (als Abkürzungen) versehen. FABALES, Leguminosae, Hülsenfrüchtler. Hauptmerkmale der Taxa dieser Ordnung sind: Blätter meist gefiedert und mit Stipeln; Blüten radiär bis schmetterlingsartig, mit Hülsenfrüchten, selten Balg-, Nuß- oder Steinfrüchte. Familien: Caesalpiniaceae, Mimosaceae, Fabaceae. FABACEAE, PAPILIONACEAE, Schmetterlingsblütler. Familie der Fabales (Hülsenfrüchtler) mit 400-500 Gattungen und ca. 10.000 Arten von Kräutern, Sträuchern und Bäumen mit einer insgesamt weltweiten Verbreitung. Blätter meist gefiedert, selten einfach, mit Stipeln. Blüte meist schmetterlingsartig mit Schiffchen, Flügel und Fahne und absteigender Petalendeckung; A meist 10 mit Filamentverwachsungen; G1 = Hülse. Die Familie enthält viele, sehr wichtige Nutz- und Zierpflanzenarten. Name: Lat. faba - Bohne. Systematik: SOPHOREAE, A meist frei, Krone radiär bis schwach schmetterlingsförmig, Bäume oder Sträucher: Adesmia, Baphia, Cadia, Cladrastis, Maackia, Sophora, Sweetia; PODALYRIEAE, A frei, Krone schmetterlingsartig, einfache bis gefingerte Blätter meist ohne Stipeln, überwiegend Sträucher: Anagyris, Baptisia, Cyclopia, Oxylobium, Podalyria, Pultenaea; DALBERGIEAE, A(10)/(9)+1, Schließfrucht, Bäume und Sträucher: Andira, Dalbergia, Derris, Dipteryx, Lonchocarpus, Machaerium, Pterocarpus; GENISTEAE, A meist (10), Blätter häufig dreizählig, meist Sträucher: Argyrolobium, Aspalathus, Crotalaria, Lupinus; Cytisus, Genista, Laburnum, Lygos, Petteria, Sarothamnus, Spartium, Ulex; GALEGEAE, A(9)+1/(10), Blätter gefiedert, Sträucher und Kräuter: Indigofera; Amorpha, Psoralea; Galega, Millettia, Tephrosia, Wisteria; Carmichaelia, Robinia, Sesbania; Clianthus, Colutea; Astragalus, Caragana, Glycyrrhiza, Halimodendron, Oxytropis; LOTEAE, Blütenstände häufig doldig bis kopfig, A meist (9)+1, Blätter gefiedert oder gefingert: Anthyllis, Dorycnium, Lotus, Tetragonolobus; HEDYSAREAE, A(9)+1, häufig Gliederhülsen, meist Sträucher und Kräuter: Coronilla, Hippocrepis, Ornithopus, Scorpiurus; Alhagi, Hedysarum, Onobrychis; Aeschynomene; Amicia, Brya; Poiretia, Zornia; Arachis, Stylosanthes; Desmodium, Lespedeza; ONONIDEAE, A(10), Hülse zweiklappig, Blätter meist dreizählig, Sträucher oder Kräuter: Ononis; TRIFOLIEAE, A(9)+1, Hülse meist nicht öffnend, Blätter dreizähig, meist Kräuter: Medicago, Melilotus, Trifolium, Trigonella; VICIEAE, A(9)+1, Blätter meist paarig gefiedert, überwiegend Kräuter: Abrus, Cicer, Lathyrus, Lens, Pisum, Vicia; PHASEOLEAE, A meist (9)+1, Blätter unpaarig gefiedert, meist dreizählig, Bäume, Sträucher und Kräuter: Clitoria, Glycine, Hardenbergia, Kennedia; Apios, Butea, Erythrina, Mucuna; Canavalia, Galactia; Cajanus, Rhynchosia; Dolichos, Phaseolus, Pachyrrhizus, Vigna. Schmetterlingsblütler im Botanischen Garten: (1), (2), etc. (8) (9) (6) (7) (5) (3) (2) (4) (1) (6) (9) (5) (7) (2) (3) (4) (1) Fabaceae im Alpinum (1) ASTRAGALUS Tragant Astragalus L., Tragant, ca. 2000 subkosm excl. Aus, bes. Z/WAs; einjährige und ausdauernde Kräuter, sowie Halbsträucher, meist mit gefiederten Blättern; Blüten überwiegend zu dichten, ährigen, blattachselständigen Infloreszenzen zusammengelagert; Blüten weiß, gelb, rot, violett bis blau; Kelch röhrig bis glockig; Schiffchen höchstens so lang wie die Flügel, ohne aufgesetzte Spitze (Gegensatz zu Oxytropis-Arten); Hülse oft blasig aufgetrieben, häufig durch Längswand 2fächerig; Name: Griech. astrágalos - Knöchel, Würfel, verweist auf die Form mancher Samen; bevorzugt an trockenen bis sehr trockenen Standorten; Fabaceae alopecuroides L., Span/Fra/Kauk alopecurus Pall., SW-Alp/S-Bulg alpinus L., Alp/Norw angustifolius Lam., Balk/Kreta/KlAs australis (L.) Lam., Pyr/Alp/Apen/Karp/Ural balearicus Chater, Bale cicer L., Eu/ZAs depressus L., NO-Swe/Alp/MedGbg exscapus L., Alp/Span/Balk falcatus Lam., Kauk/Sib frigidus (L.) Gray, Gratlinse, Alp/Pyr glycyphyllos L., Bärenschote, Eu/Med/Kauk/Sib monspessulanus L., NAf/Pyr/S-Alp/Balk/W-Ukr onobrychis L., MEu/Med/Kauk/Sib pastellianus Poll., S-Alp penduliflorus Lam., Blasentragant, Pyr/Alp/Altai purpureus Lam., SW-Eu sempervirens (L.) Lam., Pyr/S-Alp/Apen/Balk vesicarius L., As/OEu/O-MEu" Botan. Garten Tübingen Astragalus angustifolius, Schmalblättriger Tragant © F.Oberwinkler, 28.5.2002 Botan. Garten, Tübingen Astragalus alopecurus © F.Oberwinkler, 10.6.2002 Botan. Garten, Tübingen Astragalus falcatus © F.Oberwinkler, 26.5.2002 Botan. Garten, Tübingen Astragalus monspessulanus, Montpellier-Tragant © F.Oberwinkler, 3.6.2002 Botan. Garten, Tübingen Astragalus sempervirens, Immergrüner Tragant © F.Oberwinkler, 1.6.2002 CHAMAECYTISUS Zwergginster Chamaecytisus Link, Zwergginster, ca. 50 M/S/OEu/ZAs; niederliegende, zu allermeist unbedornte Ginster mit dreiteiligen Blättern, meist gelben, selten weißen bis rosa Blüten in achselständigen Trauben oder terminalen Köpfchen und reif schwarzen Hülsen; Name: Griech. chamai - am Boden, kytisos - griech. Name für eine "Kleeart"; Fabaceae! austriacus (L.) Link, O-MEu/SEu/SO-Eu/M-Ruß! glaber (L.f.) Rothm., Balk/Rum/Bulg! hirsutus (L.) Link, M/OEu/ZAs! leiocarpus (A.Kerner) Rothm., N-Balk/Rum! lindemannii (Krecz.) Klask., Ukr/S-Ruß/Zas, "Atropurpureus"! purpureus (Scop.) Link, S/SO-Alp/N-Balk/N-Alba! ratisbonensis (Schaeffer) Rothm., M-Eu/SO-Ukr" Botan. Garten Tübingen Chamaecytisus supinus © F.Oberwinkler, 14.4.2002 ERINACEA Igelginster Erinacea Adans., Igelginster, 1; dicht verzweigter, sparrig-fester, halbkugeliger Dornstrauch (Name: Lat. erinaceus - igelartig) felsig- trockener Gebirgshänge; Blätter einfach, gelegentlich auch 3teilig, kurz gestielt; Blüten zu 1-3 blattachselständig oder terminal, mit aufgeblasenen, 2lippigen Kelchen und blau-violetten, selten auch weißlichen Blüten; Hülsen länglich; für sonnige Steingärten geeignet; Fabaceae! anthyllis Link (pungens), NW-Af/Span/O-Pyr" Botan. Garten, Tübingen Erinacea anthyllis © F.Oberwinkler, 1.5.2002 GENISTA Ginster Genista L., Ginster, ca. 100 Eu/WAs, bes. Med; überwiegend kleine Sträucher ohne, oder nur gelegentlich mit einfachen Dornen; Blätter einfach, Stipeln winzig oder fehlend; Kelch 2-lippig, Oberlippe tief 2spaltig, Unterlippe 3zähnig; Flügel nach der Blüte abwärts gebogen und Kielblätter sich trennend; Filamente röhrig; Samen aus den Hülsen ausgeschleudert; manche Arten (G. germanica, pilosa) durch Chinolizidin-Alkaloide (Spartein) giftig; mit dem römischen Namen für eine Ginsterart benannt; Fabaceae! ! hispanica L., N-Span/S-Fra! germanica L., Frau/W-Rus! horridum (Vahl) DC. (Echinospartum), Pyr/S/M-Fra! lydia Boiss., Balk! pilosa L., Sandginster, M/WEu/N-Balk/S-Swe! radiata (L.) Scop. (Cytisanthus), S-Alp/M-Ital/Balk! sagittalis = Chamaespartium! sylvestris Scop., Eu! tinctoria L., Färberginster, Eu/KlAs/Kauk/Ural! var. ovata (Waldst. & Kit.), Eu/Med/KlAs/Kauk" Botan. Garten, Tübingen Genista hispanica, Spanischer Ginster © F.Oberwinkler, 26.5.2002 Botan. Garten, Tübingen Genista germanica, Deutscher Ginster © F.Oberwinkler, 10.6.2002 Botan. Garten, Tübingen Genista radiata, Strahlen-Ginster © F.Oberwinkler, 30.5.2002 Botan. Garten, Tübingen Genista radiata, Strahlen-Ginster © F.Oberwinkler, 26.5.2002 HIPPOCREPIS Hufeinsenklee Hippocrepis L., Hufeisenklee, 15 Med/MEu/ZAs; überwiegend kleine Stauden mit unpaarig gefiederten Blättern und gestielt doldigen, blattachselständigen Infloreszenzen; Blüten gelb; von Arten der nah verwandten Gattung Coronilla durch hufeisenförmig gegliederte Hülsen (Name: Griech. híppos - Pferd, krépis - Schuh: Hufeisen) und sichelförmige Samen unterschieden; Fabaceae! comosa L., M/SEu/Engl" Botan. Garten Tübingen Hippocrepis comosa, Hufeisenklee © F.Oberwinkler, 5.5.2002 ONONIS Hauhechel Ononis L., Hauhechel, ca. 75 Makar/Med/Eu/ZAs, bes. W-Med; meist Sträucher, aber auch Stauden und einjährige Kräuter mit überwiegend 3teiligen Blättern; Teilblättchen gezähnt, mittleres meist gestielt, seitliche ungestielt; Stipeln mit den Blattstielen verwachsen; Blüten überwiegend gelb, manchmal auch rot bis rosa, lila oder weißlich; Schiffchen schnabelartig verschmälert; alle Filamente röhrig verwachsen; Name: Griech. ónos - Esel; Fabaceae! foetens All., MEu! fruticosa L., Span/SO-Fra! minutissima L., W-Med/Balk! natrix L., S-MEu/Balk/KlAs/Med/NAf! repens L., Eu! rotundifolia L., SEu! spinosa L., Eu" Botan. Garten, Tübingen Ononis fruticosa, Strauchige Hauhechel © F.Oberwinkler, 29.5.2002 SPARTIUM Binsenginster Spartium L., Binsenginster, 1; unbewehrter, binsenartiger Strauch (Name: Griech. sparton - Binse) mit grünen Trieben, kleinen, früh abfallenden Blättern und gelben Schmetterlingsblüten; im Mediterrangebiet zur Korbherstellung verwendet; stark giftig durch Alkaloide (Cytisin); als Zierstrauch geeignet, aber nur bedingt winterhart Fabaceae! junceum L., Med/Submed" Botan. Garten, Tübingen Spartium junceum, Binsenginster © F.Oberwinkler, 25.6.2002 Botan. Garten, Tübingen Spartium junceum, Binsenginster © F.Oberwinkler, 25.6.2002 Botan. Garten Tübingen Spartium junceum, Binsenginster © F.Oberwinkler, 10.6.2002 (6) (9) (5) (7) Fabaceae (2) (3) im System (4) (1) (1) Fabaceae Nymphaeaceae Rosaceae Botan. Garten, Tübingen Teil
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