The 14Th Top Chess Engine Championship
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The 12Th Top Chess Engine Championship
TCEC12: the 12th Top Chess Engine Championship Article Accepted Version Haworth, G. and Hernandez, N. (2019) TCEC12: the 12th Top Chess Engine Championship. ICGA Journal, 41 (1). pp. 24-30. ISSN 1389-6911 doi: https://doi.org/10.3233/ICG-190090 Available at http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/76985/ It is advisable to refer to the publisher’s version if you intend to cite from the work. See Guidance on citing . To link to this article DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ICG-190090 Publisher: The International Computer Games Association All outputs in CentAUR are protected by Intellectual Property Rights law, including copyright law. Copyright and IPR is retained by the creators or other copyright holders. Terms and conditions for use of this material are defined in the End User Agreement . www.reading.ac.uk/centaur CentAUR Central Archive at the University of Reading Reading’s research outputs online TCEC12: the 12th Top Chess Engine Championship Guy Haworth and Nelson Hernandez1 Reading, UK and Maryland, USA After the successes of TCEC Season 11 (Haworth and Hernandez, 2018a; TCEC, 2018), the Top Chess Engine Championship moved straight on to Season 12, starting April 18th 2018 with the same divisional structure if somewhat evolved. Five divisions, each of eight engines, played two or more ‘DRR’ double round robin phases each, with promotions and relegations following. Classic tempi gradually lengthened and the Premier division’s top two engines played a 100-game match to determine the Grand Champion. The strategy for the selection of mandated openings was finessed from division to division. -
Game Changer
Matthew Sadler and Natasha Regan Game Changer AlphaZero’s Groundbreaking Chess Strategies and the Promise of AI New In Chess 2019 Contents Explanation of symbols 6 Foreword by Garry Kasparov �������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 7 Introduction by Demis Hassabis 11 Preface 16 Introduction ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 19 Part I AlphaZero’s history . 23 Chapter 1 A quick tour of computer chess competition 24 Chapter 2 ZeroZeroZero ������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 33 Chapter 3 Demis Hassabis, DeepMind and AI 54 Part II Inside the box . 67 Chapter 4 How AlphaZero thinks 68 Chapter 5 AlphaZero’s style – meeting in the middle 87 Part III Themes in AlphaZero’s play . 131 Chapter 6 Introduction to our selected AlphaZero themes 132 Chapter 7 Piece mobility: outposts 137 Chapter 8 Piece mobility: activity 168 Chapter 9 Attacking the king: the march of the rook’s pawn 208 Chapter 10 Attacking the king: colour complexes 235 Chapter 11 Attacking the king: sacrifices for time, space and damage 276 Chapter 12 Attacking the king: opposite-side castling 299 Chapter 13 Attacking the king: defence 321 Part IV AlphaZero’s -
(2021), 2814-2819 Research Article Can Chess Ever Be Solved Na
Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education Vol.12 No.2 (2021), 2814-2819 Research Article Can Chess Ever Be Solved Naveen Kumar1, Bhayaa Sharma2 1,2Department of Mathematics, University Institute of Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab-140413, India [email protected], [email protected] Article History: Received: 11 January 2021; Accepted: 27 February 2021; Published online: 5 April 2021 Abstract: Data Science and Artificial Intelligence have been all over the world lately,in almost every possible field be it finance,education,entertainment,healthcare,astronomy, astrology, and many more sports is no exception. With so much data, statistics, and analysis available in this particular field, when everything is being recorded it has become easier for team selectors, broadcasters, audience, sponsors, most importantly for players themselves to prepare against various opponents. Even the analysis has improved over the period of time with the evolvement of AI, not only analysis one can even predict the things with the insights available. This is not even restricted to this,nowadays players are trained in such a manner that they are capable of taking the most feasible and rational decisions in any given situation. Chess is one of those sports that depend on calculations, algorithms, analysis, decisions etc. Being said that whenever the analysis is involved, we have always improvised on the techniques. Algorithms are somethingwhich can be solved with the help of various software, does that imply that chess can be fully solved,in simple words does that mean that if both the players play the best moves respectively then the game must end in a draw or does that mean that white wins having the first move advantage. -
Chess Engine Using Deep Reinforcement Learning Kamil Klosowski
Chess Engine Using Deep Reinforcement Learning Kamil Klosowski 916847 May 2019 Abstract Reinforcement learning is one of the most rapidly developing areas of Artificial Intelligence. The goal of this project is to analyse, implement and try to improve on AlphaZero architecture presented by Google DeepMind team. To achieve this I explore different architectures and methods of training neural networks as well as techniques used for development of chess engines. Project Dissertation submitted to Swansea University in Partial Fulfilment for the Degree of Bachelor of Science Department of Computer Science Swansea University Declaration This work has not previously been accepted in substance for any degree and is not being currently submitted for any degree. May 13, 2019 Signed: Statement 1 This dissertation is being submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of a BSc in Computer Science. May 13, 2019 Signed: Statement 2 This dissertation is the result of my own independent work/investigation, except where otherwise stated. Other sources are specifically acknowledged by clear cross referencing to author, work, and pages using the bibliography/references. I understand that fail- ure to do this amounts to plagiarism and will be considered grounds for failure of this dissertation and the degree examination as a whole. May 13, 2019 Signed: Statement 3 I hereby give consent for my dissertation to be available for photocopying and for inter- library loan, and for the title and summary to be made available to outside organisations. May 13, 2019 Signed: 1 Acknowledgment I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Dr Benjamin Mora for supervising this project and his respect and understanding of my preference for largely unsupervised work. -
Elo World, a Framework for Benchmarking Weak Chess Engines
Elo World, a framework for with a rating of 2000). If the true outcome (of e.g. a benchmarking weak chess tournament) doesn’t match the expected outcome, then both player’s scores are adjusted towards values engines that would have produced the expected result. Over time, scores thus become a more accurate reflection DR. TOM MURPHY VII PH.D. of players’ skill, while also allowing for players to change skill level. This system is carefully described CCS Concepts: • Evaluation methodologies → Tour- elsewhere, so we can just leave it at that. naments; • Chess → Being bad at it; The players need not be human, and in fact this can facilitate running many games and thereby getting Additional Key Words and Phrases: pawn, horse, bishop, arbitrarily accurate ratings. castle, queen, king The problem this paper addresses is that basically ACH Reference Format: all chess tournaments (whether with humans or com- Dr. Tom Murphy VII Ph.D.. 2019. Elo World, a framework puters or both) are between players who know how for benchmarking weak chess engines. 1, 1 (March 2019), to play chess, are interested in winning their games, 13 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/nnnnnnn.nnnnnnn and have some reasonable level of skill. This makes 1 INTRODUCTION it hard to give a rating to weak players: They just lose every single game and so tend towards a rating Fiddly bits aside, it is a solved problem to maintain of −∞.1 Even if other comparatively weak players a numeric skill rating of players for some game (for existed to participate in the tournament and occasion- example chess, but also sports, e-sports, probably ally lose to the player under study, it may still be dif- also z-sports if that’s a thing). -
The 17Th Top Chess Engine Championship: TCEC17
The 17th Top Chess Engine Championship: TCEC17 Guy Haworth1 and Nelson Hernandez Reading, UK and Maryland, USA TCEC Season 17 started on January 1st, 2020 with a radically new structure: classic ‘CPU’ engines with ‘Shannon AB’ ancestry and ‘GPU, neural network’ engines had their separate parallel routes to an enlarged Premier Division and the Superfinal. Figs. 1 and 3 and Table 1 provide the logos and details on the field of 40 engines. L1 L2{ QL Fig. 1. The logos for the engines originally in the Qualification League and Leagues 1 and 2. Through the generous sponsorship of ‘noobpwnftw’, TCEC benefitted from a significant platform upgrade. On the CPU side, 4x Intel (2016) Xeon 4xE5-4669v4 processors enabled 176 threads rather than the previous 43 and the Syzygy ‘EGT’ endgame tables were promoted from SSD to 1TB RAM. The previous Windows Server 2012 R2 operating system was replaced by CentOS Linux release 7.7.1908 (Core) as the latter eased the administrators’ tasks and enabled more nodes/sec in the engine- searches. The move to Linux challenged a number of engine authors who we hope will be back in TCEC18. 1 Corresponding author: [email protected] Table 1. The TCEC17 engines (CPW, 2020). Engine Initial CPU proto- Hash # EGTs Authors Final Tier ab Name Version Elo Tier thr. col Kb 01 AS AllieStein v0.5_timefix-n14.0 3936 P ? uci — Syz. Adam Treat and Mark Jordan → P 02 An Andscacs 0.95123 3750 1 176 uci 8,192 — Daniel José Queraltó → 1 03 Ar Arasan 22.0_f928f5c 3728 1 176 uci 16,384 Syz. -
Super Human Chess Engine
SUPER HUMAN CHESS ENGINE FIDE Master / FIDE Trainer Charles Storey PGCE WORLD TOUR Young Masters Training Program SUPER HUMAN CHESS ENGINE Contents Contents .................................................................................................................................................. 1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 2 Power Principles...................................................................................................................................... 4 Human Opening Book ............................................................................................................................. 5 ‘The Core’ Super Human Chess Engine 2020 ......................................................................................... 6 Acronym Algorthims that make The Storey Human Chess Engine ......................................................... 8 4Ps Prioritise Poorly Placed Pieces ................................................................................................... 10 CCTV Checks / Captures / Threats / Vulnerabilities ...................................................................... 11 CCTV 2.0 Checks / Checkmate Threats / Captures / Threats / Vulnerabilities ............................. 11 DAFiii Attack / Features / Initiative / I for tactics / Ideas (crazy) ................................................. 12 The Fruit Tree analysis process ............................................................................................................ -
Project: Chess Engine 1 Introduction 2 Peachess
P. Thiemann, A. Bieniusa, P. Heidegger Winter term 2010/11 Lecture: Concurrency Theory and Practise Project: Chess engine http://proglang.informatik.uni-freiburg.de/teaching/concurrency/2010ws/ Project: Chess engine 1 Introduction From the Wikipedia article on Chess: Chess is a two-player board game played on a chessboard, a square-checkered board with 64 squares arranged in an eight-by-eight grid. Each player begins the game with sixteen pieces: one king, one queen, two rooks, two knights, two bishops, and eight pawns. The object of the game is to checkmate the opponent’s king, whereby the king is under immediate attack (in “check”) and there is no way to remove or defend it from attack on the next move. The game’s present form emerged in Europe during the second half of the 15th century, an evolution of an older Indian game, Shatranj. Theoreticians have developed extensive chess strategies and tactics since the game’s inception. Computers have been used for many years to create chess-playing programs, and their abilities and insights have contributed significantly to modern chess theory. One, Deep Blue, was the first machine to beat a reigning World Chess Champion when it defeated Garry Kasparov in 1997. Do not worry if you are not familiar with the rules of chess! You are not asked to change the methods which calculate the moves, nor the internal representation of boards or moves, nor the scoring of boards. 2 Peachess Peachess is a chess engine written in Java. The implementation consists of several components. 2.1 The chess board The chess board representation stores the actual state of the game. -
The 19Th Top Chess Engine Championship: TCEC19
The 19th Top Chess Engine Championship: TCEC19 Guy Haworth1 and Nelson Hernandez Reading, UK and Maryland, USA After some intriguing bonus matches in TCEC Season 18, the TCEC Season 19 Championship started on August 6th, 2020 (Haworth and Hernandez, 2020a/b; TCEC, 2020a/b). The league structure was unaltered except that the Qualification League was extended to 12 engines at the last moment. There were two promotions and demotions throughout. A key question was whether or not the much discussed NNUE, easily updated neural network, technology (Cong, 2020) would make an appearance as part of a new STOCKFISH version. This would, after all, be a radical change to the architecture of the most successful TCEC Grand Champion of all. L2 L3 QL{ Fig. 1. The logos for the engines originally in the Qualification League and in Leagues 3 and 2. The platform for the ‘Shannon AB’ engines was as for TCEC18, courtesy of ‘noobpwnftw’, the major sponsor, four Intel (2016) Xeon E5-4669v4 processors: LINUX, 88 cores, 176 process threads and 128GiB of RAM with the sub-7-man Syzygy ‘EGT’ endgame tables in their own 1TB RAM. The TCEC GPU server was a 2.5GHz Intel Xeon Platinum 8163 CPU providing 32 threads, 48GiB of RAM and four Nvidia (2019) V100 GPUs. It is not clear how many CPU threads each NN-engine used. The ‘EGT’ platform was less than on the CPU side: 500 GB of SSD fronted by a 128GiB RAM buffer. 1 Corresponding author: [email protected] Table 1. The TCEC19 engines (CPW, 2020). -
Nieuwsbrief Schaakacademie Apeldoorn 93 – 7 Februari 2019
Nieuwsbrief Schaakacademie Apeldoorn 93 – 7 februari 2019 De nieuwsbrief bevat berichten over Schaakacademie Apeldoorn en divers schaaknieuws. Redactie: Karel van Delft. Nieuwsbrieven staan op www.schaakacademieapeldoorn.nl. Mail [email protected] voor contact, nieuwstips alsook aan- en afmelden voor de nieuwsbrief. IM Max Warmerdam (rechts) winnaar toptienkamp Tata. Naast hem IM Robby Kevlishvili en IM Thomas Beerdsen. Inhoud - 93e nieuwsbrief Schaakacademie Apeldoorn - Les- en trainingsaanbod Schaakacademie Apeldoorn - Schaakschool Het Bolwerk: onthouden met je lichaam - Schoolschaaklessen: proeflessen op diverse scholen - Apeldoornse scholencompetitie met IM’s Beerdsen en Van Delft als wedstrijdleider - Gratis download boekje ‘Ik leer schaken’ - ABKS organisatie verwacht 45 teams - Schaakles senioren in het Bolwerk: uitleg gameviewer Chessbase - Max Warmerdam wint toptienkamp Tata Steel Chess Tournament - Gratis publiciteit schaken - Scholen presenteren zich via site Jeugdschaak - Leela Chess Zero wint 2e TCEC Cup - Kunnen schakende computers ook leren? - Quote Isaac Newton: Een goede vraag is het halve antwoord - Divers nieuws - Trainingsmateriaal - Kalender en sites 93e nieuwsbrief Schaakacademie Apeldoorn Deze gratis nieuwsbrief bevat berichten over Schaakacademie Apeldoorn, Apeldoorns schaaknieuws en divers schaaknieuws. Nieuws van buiten Apeldoorn betreft vooral schaakeducatieve en psychologische onderwerpen. De nieuwsbrieven staan op www.schaakacademieapeldoorn.nl. Wie zich aanmeldt als abonnee (via [email protected]) krijgt mails met een link naar de meest recente nieuwsbrief. Diverse lezers leverden een bijdrage aan deze nieuwsbrief. Tips en bijdragen zijn welkom. Er zijn nu 340 e-mail abonnees en enkele duizenden contacten via social media. Een link staat in de Facebook groep Schaakpsychologie (513 leden) en op de FB pagina van Schaakacademie Apeldoorn. Ook delen clubs (Schaakstad Apeldoorn) en schakers de link naar de nieuwsbrieven op hun site en via social media. -
The TCEC20 Computer Chess Superfinal: a Perspective
The TCEC20 Computer Chess Superfinal: a Perspective GM Matthew Sadler1 London, UK 1 THE TCEC20 PREMIER DIVISION Just like last year, Season 20 DivP gathered a host of familiar faces and once again, one of those faces had a facelift! The venerable KOMODO engine had been given an NNUE beauty boost and there was a feeling that KOMODO DRAGON might prove a threat to LEELA’s and STOCKFISH’s customary tickets to the Superfinal. There was also an updated STOOFVLEES to enjoy while ETHEREAL came storming back to DivP after a convincing victory in League 1. ROFCHADE just pipped NNUE-powered IGEL on tie- break for the second DivP spot. In the end, KOMODO turned out to have indeed received a significant boost from NNUE, pipping ALLIESTEIN for third place. However, both LEELA and STOCKFISH seemed to have made another quantum leap forwards, dominating the field and ending joint first on 38/56, 5.5 points clear of KOMODO DRAGON! Both LEELA and STOCKFISH scored an astonishing 24 wins, with LEELA winning 24 of its 28 White games and STOCKFISH 22! Both winners lost 4 games, all as Black, with LEELA notably tripping up against bottom-marker ROFCHADE and STOCKFISH being beautifully squeezed by STOOFVLEES. The high winning percentage this time is explained by the new high-bias opening book designed for the Premier Division. I had slightly mixed feelings about it as LEELA and STOCKFISH winning virtually all their White games felt like going a bit too much the other way: you want them to have to work a bit harder for their Superfinal places! However, it was once again a very entertaining tournament with plenty of good games. -
The TCEC Cup 2 Report
TCEC Cup 2 Article Accepted Version The TCEC Cup 2 report Haworth, G. and Hernandez, N. (2019) TCEC Cup 2. ICGA Journal, 41 (2). pp. 100-107. ISSN 1389-6911 doi: https://doi.org/10.3233/ICG-190104 Available at http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/81390/ It is advisable to refer to the publisher’s version if you intend to cite from the work. See Guidance on citing . Published version at: https://content.iospress.com/articles/icga-journal/icg190104 To link to this article DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ICG-190104 Publisher: The International Computer Games Association All outputs in CentAUR are protected by Intellectual Property Rights law, including copyright law. Copyright and IPR is retained by the creators or other copyright holders. Terms and conditions for use of this material are defined in the End User Agreement . www.reading.ac.uk/centaur CentAUR Central Archive at the University of Reading Reading’s research outputs online TCEC Cup 2 Guy Haworth and Nelson Hernandez1 Reading, UK and Maryland, USA The knockout format of TCEC Cup 1 (Haworth and Hernandez, 2019a/b) was well received by its audience and was adopted as a regular interlude between the TCEC Seasons’ Division P and Superfinal. TCEC Cup 2 was nested within TCEC14 (Haworth and Hernandez, 2019c/d) and began on January 17th 2019 with 32 chess engines and only a few minor changes from the inaugural Cup event. The ‘standard pairing’ was again used, with seed s playing seed 26-r-s+1 in round r if the wins all go to the higher seed.