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Institute's Annual Report, Released Online Today CONTENTS DIRECTORʼS FOREWORD DIRECTOR'S FOREWORD 3 2012—2017 2016—2017 INSTITUTE STRATEGIC SELECTED PAPERS 24 RoSy ALLIANCE 36 OPEN, SMART, PROGRAMMES OUR PEOPLE 26 #ROIF 38 20:20 WHEAT 4 PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT 28 NFU WORKSHOP 40 DELIVERING 8 30 STUDENTSHIPS 42 SUSTAINABLE SYSTEMS INTERNATIONAL ENGAGING… DESIGNING SEEDS 12 AfSIS 32 READ ALL ABOUT US 44 CROPPING CARBON 16 AGRI-TECH CENTRES 34 DIRECTOR'S VISION 46 ACHIM DOBERMANN NATIONAL CAPABILITIES We reflect on our achievements of the past Director and Chief Executive ROTHAMSTED 20 five years as strategic programmes end; and INSECT SURVEY we consider how this passing busy year has LONG-TERM 21 EXPERIMENTS helped us to set up for the next five years. NORTH WYKE 22 FARM PLATFORM Looking back over the 12 months to the and 2017, funded by the Biotechnology PATHOGEN-HOST 23 end of March 2017, I am reminded first and Biological Sciences Research “ We are pioneering INTERACTIONS of just how productive we have been. Council, to summarise the science and DATABASE We have made new discoveries, forged impact of their teams’ work. The heads a chemical spray alliances, shared knowledge, brought of the four BBSRC-funded National for enhancing crop people together and stepped forward Capabilities have done similarly. to support and lead. yields; we showed I’d like to highlight just three examples We helped to found three of the that illustrate the breadth and depth that damaged UK’s four new agri-tech centres, staged of our recent research. biodiversity can a popular forum on innovation and, We identified a sugar controlling with the NFU, came up with what’s recover; and we starch in cereal grain and are now needed for a UK agri-science sector helping to pioneer a chemical revealed nutritional outside the EU. spray for enhancing crop yields1; risks facing 1 billion We have engaged with the public, we provided the first evidence that opened up about our research, and grassland biodiversity can recover from people worldwide” supported a new generation of young pollution2; and we revealed the risk scientists. We have also ensured from climate change of falling levels more opportunities for prospective of selenium in soil, which threatens PhD students. the health of up to 1 billion people worldwide3. Cover: Stabiliser cattle on We took on leadership of the Africa Soil North Wyke Farm Platform; inside cover, one-year-old Information Service, consolidated links There’s no doubt that 2016/17 was re-growth from coppiced with China, explored new ventures in “a critical period for us”, as I predicted plants in the National Willow Collection at Rothamsted Latin America and expanded ties in the last annual report. We came in India and the Philippines. through it all, and with flying colours. Thank you, and well done. I’ve asked the leaders of the four strategic programmes between 2012 Superscripts refer to published papers, see p24 B02 Rothamsted Research Annual Report 2016—2017 Rothamsted Research Annual Report 2016—2017 03 ISP 2012—2017 Programme researchers A selection of our academic papers and water potential, to include soil Published papers indicates the knowledge base and depth and tested them with field data. tools developed over the programme. We linked wheat architecture to soil 20:20 We identified heritable variation strength and discovered a genotypic in photosynthetic traits in diversity basis for leaf stunting. We also linked 59 1 307 ® panels . Transgenic approaches yielded the effects of impedance of root new insights into the regulation of growth to leaf elongation and tiller WHEAT Rubisco by CA1Pase, and synthetic number 6 and to the degree of leaf biology promises a step-change in stunting in UK wheats that is related Funding won photosynthesis 2. to the Rht allele7. We obtained new understanding of We assessed the effect of warming SCIENCE the regulation of genes involved in temperature on global wheat production 8 14.2m nitrogen uptake and remobilisation, using an ensemble of wheat models , including the identification of and found production losses of 6% for transporters and regulatory factors 3,4. each degree of warming with increased Our target was science to support a variability of yield across regions and We improved assembly and seasons. We also reported that adverse potential wheat yield in the UK of annotation of the genomes of the climatic events will substantially increase pathogens Fusarium graminearum and 20 tonnes per hectare within 20 years by 2060 and cause more frequent crop Zymoseptoria tritici, and published failure across Europe9. (by 2032, from an average of 8t/ha). comprehensive Z. tritici-wheat transcriptome and metabolome data Finally, we commissioned and 5 The programme focused on maximising yield; protecting sets , providing new insights into the established the world’s first gantry- this yield from pathogens and pests; investigating soil infection process. Also, we are using based, automated field phenotyping 10,11 interactions; optimising wheat ideotypes; and predicting the VIGS system to assess the function platform ; dubbed the Field the impacts of future climates on production. of plant genes in disease resistance Scanalyzer, this platform will be central and the VOX system to assess the to Rothamsted’s future contributions We screened for natural variation and exploited function of fungal genes in the to digital biology and to systems-based genetic engineering, aiming to achieve step changes in establishment of disease. approaches to crop improvement productivity. At the same time, we ensured these yield and plant breeding. increases could be obtained sustainably by considering We extended models, which predict the efficiency of nutrient use, crop architecture and the relationship between soil strength Superscripts refer to published papers, see p24 resource allocation. To protect yields, we focused on the genomics of key Stackyard Field on pathogenic fungi, supplemented through a strategic Rothamsted Farm, looking towards Broadbalk; left, alliance with Syngenta, which also facilitated additional healthy Cadenza wheat work on maximising yield and on soil interactions. National collaborations International collaborations 48 119 04 Rothamsted Research Annual Report 2016—2017 Rothamsted Research Annual Report 2016—2017 05 ISP 2012—2017 Beneficiaries were researchers, Our programme produced substantial ® farmers, wheat breeders, the knowledge on yield gain, on production agrochemical industry, government efficiency, including the importance of and society. Wheat is the UK’s largest soil interactions, on targets for plant 20:20 WHEAT crop, with an annual production of protection and on the influence of 14 million tonnes; market values for future climates. its seed and its processed products Many projects were initiated with are around £1.4 billion and £14 billion industry, notably a strategic alliance respectively. Attaining a potential with Syngenta. yield of 20 tonnes per hectare is a challenging target that requires a Global impact came through long-term integrated effort. In the past international collaborations, 20 years, farm gate yields increased notably with organisations such by only 1t/ha to an average of 8 t/ha. as the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) Further improvements will come IMPACT in Mexico, which eased knowledge through genetic gains and better farm Our programme generated more than transfer among developed and practices that both increase yield developing countries. 300 scientific papers, substantially potential and decrease disease losses. increasing the knowledge base; and The annual impact of a 50% increase During its lifetime, the 20:20 Wheat® in the UK’s wheat production could concept was widely acknowledged, funding for additional supporting be more than £7 billion for both rural by government ministers and the UK projects exceeded the original funding and urban economies; worldwide, chief scientist among many others, the figure could be more than $350bn. and provoked considerable media for the programme itself. In addition, production efficiencies coverage. The programme also will lower requirements for land, featured in annual displays at cereals carbon, water and fertiliser. events in the UK. Agro-industry work Policy engagements MALCOLM 42 25 HAWKESFORD “ We want our findings Commercial outputs Public & media events to benefit wheat production globally” Developing transgenic wheat for study of 13 38 important traits 06 Rothamsted Research Annual Report 2016—2017 Rothamsted Research Annual Report 2016—2017 07 ISP 2012—2017 The programme focused on lowland We identified climate as the most Funding won grassland systems grazed by sheep important factor in determining the and beef cattle, and on arable systems concentration of selenium in soils, DELIVERING dominated by cereal crops (wheat and that climate change will lead to and barley) and oilseed rape. decreasing concentrations of this 33.5m micronutrient in soils. The benefits The ultimate target was to increase of zero-till agriculture in a carbon- farmers’ profit by reducing the cost of SUSTAINABLE mitigation strategy were critically inputs (fuel, pesticides and fertiliser), reviewed as widely overstated 3. by increasing yield or quality, and by reducing the costs to the environment Our expertise in metagenomics and of such things as greenhouse gas metatranscriptomics enabled us to SYSTEMS emissions, water pollution and the exploit our data from Rothamsted’s between the plants warning of above- 8 loss of biodiversity. Long-Term Experiments to
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