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SAND AND GRAVEL CHALK BRICK CLAY BUILDING STONE

Sand and gravel are defined on the basis of particle size rather than composition. In current usage, the term 'gravel' is used for Chalk is a relatively soft, fine-grained, white limestone consisting mostly of the debris of planktonic algae. The Chalk is of Upper 'Brick clay' is the term used to describe clay and shale used predominantly in the manufacture of bricks and, to a lesser extent, The and Tertiary rocks have provided a limited range of building stones for local use. The succession contains no freestones and therefore much of the building stone found in the county (principally Lincolnshire Limestone-Barnack Stone etc) material that is coarser than 5 mm, with a maximum size of 40 mm, and the term 'sand' for the material that is finer, but coarser Production of sand and gravel, 1979 - 2001 (including landings of marine-dredged) Cretaceous age and occurs extensively in eastern and southern where it forms an important resource of 'limestone raw roof tiles and clay pipes. These clays may sometimes be used in cement making, as a source of constructional fill and for lining than 0.075 mm. Most sand and gravel is composed of particles that are rich in silica (, and ), but other rock materials'. and sealing landfill sites. The suitability of a clay for the manufacture of bricks depends principally on its behaviour during was imported into the area from medieval times onwards. The Upper Cretaceous Chalk yielded both chalk block stone (or types may occur locally. Total permitted reserves (land based) = 13,700,000 tonnes (as at 01.01.02) shaping, drying and firing. This will dictate the properties of the fired brick such as strength and frost resistance and, Clunch) as well as flint for building purposes, the latter being the most common building stone in the county. The Tertiary succession provided concretionary limestones (or Septarian nodules) and occasional fossiliferous limestones, as at Sutton 3 000 Thousand tonnes The White Chalk Subgroup (formerly known as the Middle and Upper Chalk) occurs extensively in the western half of the county, importantly, its architectural appearance. 3 000 00 Glaciofluvial Sand and Gravel although much of the outcrop is concealed by a thick cover of superficial deposits. Over much of the county it is around 250 m (Bryozoan Rock), for local building. Pebbles of flint and other more exotic lithologies, derived from the glacial drift, were 00 4000 4000 in thickness and is grey or white coloured, with layers of flint. This part of the sequence is generally of high purity (93 - 98% Most facing bricks, engineering bricks and related clay-based building products are manufactured in large automated factories. frequently used for building purposes. No building stone quarries are currently operating in the county. This unit broadly corresponds to the Formation (includes Bytham and Ingham sand and gravels in north of county) and CaCO3), in contrast to the underlying Grey Chalk Subgroup (formerly Lower Chalk), which is expected to be mainly of lower These represent a high capital investment and are increasingly dependent, therefore, on raw materials with predictable and High Plantation (Sg) its equivalents and is one of the most widespread and important aggregate resources in . At the base of the unit purity (<93% CaCO3) due to the numerous calcareous mudstone bands. consistent firing characteristics in order to achieve high yields of saleable products. Blending different clays to achieve improved SUFFOLK unfossiliferous marine of the Norwich Crag Formation may locally have been included within the unit during surveying. It durability and to provide a range of fired colours and textures is an increasingly common feature of the brick industry. Continuity is also probable that in parts of the area the upper part of the unit has been reworked by meltwaters issuing from the Anglian Until recently the Chalk was extracted on a large scale for cement manufacture at Masons Cement Works, Great Blakenham. of supply of consistent raw materials is of paramount importance. 3000 3000 ice-sheet but such reworking has not significantly modified the composition of the deposits. This quarry, however, closed in 1999 and the site is now used for landfill. Chalk is currently extracted at several sites in the Mineral Resource Information in Support of National, county, but on a relatively small scale, for the production of agricultural lime. A relatively small brick manufacturing site at uses clays from the Clay Member of the Norwich Crag The deposits form a semi-continuous sheet across the county comprising 5-15 m of clean, pale coloured sands and pebbly Formation to produce the characteristic 'Aldeburgh Red' brick which is valued for restoration work as well as for the Regional and Local Planning sands with subordinate gravels. The clasts present are rounded quartz, quartzite and well-rounded flint in sub-equal proportions construction of new quality buildings. The Chillesford Clay forms a thin (3 - 6 m) deposit of pale grey or orange/buff sandy clays. (Cl) together with small amounts of angular-nodular flint, and rare volcanic lithologies. The sand fraction is sharp, predominantly Extraction is on a small scale at Chillesford and the material is transported to Aldeburgh to make the red-fired bricks. A small medium-angular to sub-angular quartz with flint, although locally the incorporation of significant quantities of sand from the 2000 2000 amount of the underlying Chillesford Sand is dug to face the bricks. Mineral Resources underlying more mature marine Crag deposits increases the content of rounded and coarse sand grains. A series of levels PEAT aligned SW-NE have been identified within the Formation; these fall southeastwards across the county and become Until recently large amounts of Quaternary Till (Chalky Boulder Clay) has been extracted for use as a raw material in Oulton Scale 1:100 000 progressively younger in age. A reddened soil horizon comprising 1-2 m of grey-red mottled silty clay cryoturbated together cement manufacture at Masons Cement Works, Great Blakenham. The works closed, however, in 1999 and the former clay pit Laurel Farm (Hall Lane) (Sg) (Gorleston) (Sg) Peat is an unconsolidated deposit of plant remains in a water saturated environment such as a bog or fen. Bogs occur in areas with sand and loessic silt is commonly found as a capping on several of these levels even when they are buried beneath has now been restored. In addition clay from the Lowestoft Till at the former Brick and Pipe Works, has been used for where they are dependent on rainfall for supply of water and the vegetation is characterised by acid tolerant plant communities Holly Hill (Campsheath) (Sg) younger deposits. 1000 1000 other non- brick manufacturing purposes, including the construction of flood defences. Compiled by P.J. Henney, D.J. Harrison, S.J. Mathers, D.G. Cameron, S. Hobbs, of which the genus Sphagnum is dominant. The two main types of bog are (i) raised bogs, characteristic of flat underlying Campsheath (Sg) St. Margarets D.J. Evans, G.K. Lott and D.E. Highley. The upper parts of the Kesgrave Formation generally lie above the watertable but at depth the deposits may be saturated topography and found on low plains and broad valley floors and (ii) blanket bogs which occur mainly in upland areas where Although the outcrop of Tertiary age Clay is extensive in the south-east of the county, this clay is not shown as a Burton Grove Project Leader: D.E. Highley. especially where they rest directly on impermeable Tertiary clays. conditions are suitable cool and wet. Many lowland raised bogs have been designated as sites of international and national resource since it is generally unsuitable for use in modern brickmaking processes. This is due the presence of relatively high (Sg) (Hollingsworth levels of the clay mineral montmorillonite. Rd) (Sg) Digital cartography by N.A. Spencer, British Geological Survey. conservation status. 98% of the peat extracted in the UK is used as growing media by amateur and professional gardeners. In The deposits were laid down during successive cold phases between about 1.5 and 0.5 million yrs BP (up to the beginning of 0 0 NW Suffolk there are peat deposits similar to those in Lincolshire and . These represent 2 main groups, the Published 2003. the Anglian glaciation) in braided rivers; the main swathe represents ancestral deposits of the River Thames which formerly 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Marshes (Sg) Lower Peat and the Nordelph Peat. The older Lower Peat infills erosional depressions in older superficial deposits or in the Colville Rd (Sg) flowed NE across the area. Source: Annual Minerals Raised Inquiry, Office for National Statistics bedrock and is thus of variable thickness, from 10 cm at the Fen margin up to 1.7 m in some boreholes. This peat is thought to This map comprises part of a summary of the ’Mineral Resources of the East of Glacial Sand and Gravel have been deposited from 6000 BP up until the Neolithic. This is overlain by the Nordelph Peat which is much more extensive Long Rd (Sg) England Region’. and ranges in thickness from 10 cm at the Fen margin up to 5 m in some boreholes. Its formation dates from 4000 BP up to the Ditchingham (Sg) Wolsey’s Wood (Sg) For further information see www.mineralsUK.com This category comprises waterlain sands and gravels deposited in close proximity to the Anglian ice-sheet which was the most early 19th century. Extensive peat shrinkage has occurred due to the network of artificial drainage systems in , reducing Sandy Hill (nr blindman’s gate,P.H.) (Cl) 90 extensive of the Quaternary glaciations in and covered most of Suffolk; its limit broadly corresponds to the dashed the original area of coverage. (Sg) 90 blue line on the map. In Suffolk these deposits have been termed the Barham Sands and Gravels. Watch House Hill (Sg) Beccles Rd (Sg) BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCE Beccles Rd (Watch House) (Sg) Beccles Gravel pit (Sg) (Pound These deposits mainly occur on top of the sheet of till (boulder clay) and on the shoulders of the existing valleys indicating early Farm) (Sg) Gisleham Brick and Henney, P J, and 7 others. 2003. Mineral Resource Information in Support of National, Regional and Local Planning: Suffolk. British downcutting along the present lines of drainage that were established by the Anglian glaciation. The deposits tend to form as Tile Works (Waveney) (Sg) Geological Survey Commissioned Report CR/03/076N. discrete patches and channel infills, they are best developed in the northwest of the county especially where chalk bedrock is Wash Lane (Beccles) (Sg) present. The deposits locally reach 15 m thick where they infill channels on the sides of the modern valleys but generally they Gisleham Brick and are less than 5 m thick. Gravel predominates and is variably clayey and sandy. The deposits are commonly very variable in grain Weston Sand Pit (Sg) Tile Works (Cl, Sg) Production of this map was commissioned and funded by the Office of the size, poorly sorted and can contain interbeds of glacial silt, clay and till. The abundance of clay and its oxidation leads to Church Farm (Weston Sand Pit) (Sg) orange-red coloration of most deposits. The clasts are predominantly angular-nodular flint and chalk . Other material includes Flixton (Sg) Deputy Prime Minister (Contract MP0677). rounded quartz, quartzite and flint derived from the Kesgrave Formation and sedimentary rocks reflecting a derivation Taflins (Thetford Road) (Ch) Hulver Street (Sg) from the northwest. Brandon (Ch) Flixton (Hall Farm) (Sg) River Terrace Deposits (Sg) Benacre Sluice (The Deies, SAND & GRAVEL Since the Anglian glaciation the present day drainage pattern has become established. Terraced river deposits occur at several ) (Sg) levels in most of the major valleys in the county flanking the present floodplain.

Superficial deposits The deposits commonly comprise sequences of sands and gravels around 3-6 m in thickness and with a sheet like body Benacre (Sg) geometry. The basal contact is usually gently scalloped but locally the deposits infill deep channels. Compositionally the Sub-alluvial: Inferred resources deposits reflect their derivation from Glacial and Fluvioglacial deposits up-stream and up-slope. Locally they are overlain by fine grained alluvial and loessic deposits (brickearth). Weybread (Deans) (Sg) Church Street (Cl, Sg) Fox Bottom Plantation Weybread No.2 Sub-alluvial: Indicated resources (only in area assessed by BGS) The terrace deposits are commonly dry in their upper parts and saturated to the base. They are post-Anglian in age and were (Rushford Heath, Euston) (Sg) (Weybread House) (Sg) deposited under cold periglacial climatic conditions. Barnham (Thetford Barnham Road) (Sg) Heath (Sg) Rushford Heath (Sg) Weybread No 3 (Deans) (Sg) River Terrace deposits Sub-Alluvial Gravels Mendham (Sg) Claycommon Brickyard (Cl) Collings Pit (Cl) South Cove Brickworks Blomfield Brickworks (Cl) Sub-alluvial gravels are encountered beneath the alluvium of the major valleys throughout the county. The deposits are Rushford Pit (Cove Bottom Brickworks) (Cl) 80 compositionaly similar to the river terrace deposits, indeed some are their downstream equivalents where they pass below OD. 80 Glaciofluvial sand and gravel (including Kesgrave Formation) (Black Carr) (Sg) Heath (Sg) (Thorpe Gravel pits?) (Sg) They were mainly laid down during periods of deep downcutting during the ultimate Devensian cold phase when sea-levels fell Barnham (Sg) to at least -100 m OD. The subsequent rise in sea-level enabled silting up of these river channels producing thick overlying Barnham (Gravel Hill) (Sg) Hopton (Sg) Gravel Hill (Land west Stuston (Sg) (Hill alluvial deposits (silty clays, peat). The deposits rest on an irregular channelled surface and are thus of very variable thickness; Gravel Hill (Barnham) (Sg) Wortham (Sg) Henham (Sg) of disused tip south of Farm, Mardle Glaciofluvial sand and gravel: Concealed (only in area assessed by BGS) locally 5-10 m of deposits are present but they are commonly thinner. These deposits are always saturated and require wet C634) (Sg) Barnham (Euston Estate) (Sg) working. Rd (Sg) Rd) (Sg) Eastern Baverts Cliffs (Sg) Fakenham Pit (Sg) Oakley (Dross Plantation) (Sg) Holton (Sg) Holton Sand Pit (Sg) Reydon (Sg) Glacial sand and gravel deposits Head Gravels Euston (Ch) Euston Road, Fakenham (Sg) Hoxne (Sg) Nr Halesworth Rd (Sg) These comprise gravelly deposits that have been involved in mass movement downslope to their present position. Such Hinderclay (Hinderclay Hall) (Peat) Fairstead Farm (Cl) Fairstead Farm (Cl) Glacial sand and gravel deposits: Concealed (only in area assessed by BGS) movement commonly takes place under cold climatic conditions when vegetation is sparse and frozen ground leads to Blyth River Pit Henham Park (Sg) increased run off. The gravel is commonly mixed with other lithologies present on the slope and so the resulting lithologies are Honington (Sg) Botesdale (OS4450 Holton (Sg, Fi) very variable, most contain significant clay contents and are only suitable for working as hoggin. The clast composition reflects () (Sg) (part) ) (Sg) Wenhaston (Sg) Head gravel (only in area assessed by BGS) that of the parent material. The deposits often accumulate as lobes or fans which are then dissected by subsequent Taylor’s Gate (Sg) downcutting. Cork Wood (Chalke Wood) (Cl)

Three Hills (Sg, Chert, Fi) Blown Sand Blown Sand Rectory (near Church Farm) (Sg) (Sg) (Chalk This is generally composed of clean, well sorted, fine to medium grained sand and comprises sub-rounded to well-rounded Weatherhill Farm Thornington (Sg) (Ramport Field, (Marlwheat Covert) quartz grains. These deposits are largely Recent in age, resulting from aeolian reworking of adjacent dry beaches. The most Hill Farm) (Ch) (Home Glassfield Rd (Sg) Marston's () (Sg) (Sg) Beach and Shoreface deposits favourable sites for blown sand accumulation in Suffolk are along the coast. Deposits are generally thin, mostly less than 2 m, OS 541, 550) (Sg) Farm) (Sg) but locally up to 5 m thick and occur mainly as dunes but also as thin linear spreads of sand. The most extensive areas occur on Culford Dairy Farm (NW of Bangrove Wood) (Sg) the coast around Lowestoft. Newmarket Rd (Ch) Manor Farm, (Sg) (Park Farm) (Sg) Bay Farm (Red Lodge) (Sg) Brickworks Ingham (Bodney Fm, Place Fm) (Sg) Crag (only in area assessed by BGS) (Cl, Sg) Tagu Pit (Sg) Beach Sand and Gravel The Folly (Ingham) (Sg) Dairy Farm (S. of Bangrove Wood) (Sg) Red Lodge Warren (Sg) Cavenham Place Farm (Ingham) (Sg) Beds (within Norwich Crag Formation) (Cavenham) (Sg) Included in this category are deposits marked on BGS maps as 'Shoreface and Beach Deposits', 'Storm Beach Deposits' and a (Sg) variety of raised beach deposits. Typically these occur as accumulations of sand and gravel restricted to the modern coast and (Lackford Ingham (Park Farm, ) (Sg) (Red Lodge, Freckenham) (Sg) (Ch) Hall Farm (Lackford) (Sg) Bridge Farm (Ch) 70 a relatively narrow belt of country adjacent to it. Typically the shingle is composed of 10 to 15 mm diameter clasts of Bridge) (Sg) 70 Undifferentiated deposits: concealed (only in area assessed by BGS) well-rounded flint with subordinate quartz and quartzite, with a matrix of medium grained sand. The most extensive deposits of Freckenham (Green Lane, The Carrops) (Sg) Green Lane (The Carrops) (Ch) Timworth (Sg) Badwell Ash (Sg) this type are found to the south of Aldburgh, at Orford Ness. Hall Heath Pakenham (Ch) The Carrops (Red Lodge) (Sg) Hempton (Sg) Grimstone End (Sg) Westleton Heath (Sg) Boundary of area assessed for sand and gravel at the indicated Georges Plantation (Higham) (Sg) (Hall Heath Stowlangtoft (Ch) Back Lane (Badwell Ash) (Sg) Moorland Stud (Jaggard’s Pit) (Sg) Davies Pit (Sg) Landfill Site) (Sg) Wickham Skeith (Sg) Westleton Common (Sg) resource level Maulkins Hall Farm, Shackerland Hall (Mill) (Sg) Finningham (Sg) Westleton (Sg) Bedrock Sand & Gravel Jaggard’s Pit (Moorland Stud Farm) (Sg) Jaggard’s Pit (Moorland Pakenham (Sg) Fornham Park (Sg) Pakenham (Sg) Stud Farm) (Sg) (Stanchils Fornham Park, (Sg) Approximate limit of Anglian ice sheet Sand and gravel, of varying quality, are extracted from members of the Coralline, Red and Norwich Crag Formations. Rail Depot (CR) Rotten End (OS 59) (Sg) Two members of the uppermost Norwich Crag Formation are exploited, the Westleton Gravel member and the Chillesford Sand Road (Sg) Farm Pit) (Sg) member. The former represents a series of gravel-rich shoreline deposits whilst the underlying Chillesford Sands, Higham Pit (Gazeley, Roberts Bridge (Sg) Meddler Stud Slade Bottom) (Sg) composed of yellow- brown, well-sorted, fine to medium-grained micaceous quartz sands, are thought have been deposited as Thurston Grange (Grange Farm, Thurston) (Sg) BRICK CLAY tidal sand flats. The Westleton Gravel is extracted for aggregate whilst the Chillesford Sand is used as building sand. (Gazeley Road, (Sg) Higham Pit) (Sg) Denes (Saxham & Chillesford Clay, Norwich Brick Clay The is comprises medium to coarse-grained, poorly-sorted shelly sands which was deposited in an open Risby Station) (Sg) Denes Pit (Ch) British Sugar Corp (High Bank?) (Sg) Crag Formation marine environment. It is exploited mainly as a poor quality aggregate material as fill and for track and footpath repairs.

The Coralline Crag Formation is composed of a series of shelly calcarenites and shelly sands and has been worked both for PEAT building stone and as coarse aggregate for trackway and footpatch repairs. Westley Hall Farm (Ch) Bridge Farm (Field to the west of Bridge Farm) (Sg) Crossway Brickworks (Cl) Peat Denham pit (Sg) Twite Farm (SE Turners Lane Pit Denham (Sg) of Sheepwash Bridge (Warren Wood) (Sg) Rougham Hill (Sg) Ticehurst Farm (Sg) Lawn Farm (Land off Old Bury Road, Wetherden) (Sg) GT Saxham) (Ch) CHALK Broomhill Lane (Sg) Woolpit (Sg) Drinkstone (Sg) Lawn Farm, Woolpit (Sg) Church Farm (Sg) 300 High purity chalk (93-98% CaCO 3 ) White Chalk Subgroup Woolpit Brickworks (Cl) Lane Farm (Sg) House (Sg) Low purity chalk (<93% CaCO ) Grey Chalk Subgroup Kettleburgh (Brook Farm) (Sg) 3 Eden Nurseries (Sg) Stratford (Sg) 60 Ashes Pit (Stowupland) (SiS) 60 Newton Road (SiS) Undifferentiated Chalk (1:50 000 Sheet 174 Thetford only) Sandpit (Sg) Stowmarket (Sg) Aldeburgh Brickworks Sandpit (Hazelwood, MINERAL PLANNING PERMISSION (as at 31.12.02) (Sg) (Sg) Road) (Sg) Source: Mineral Planning Authorities FOUR ASHES 1 Burntmill Hill (Stowmarket) (Sg) Creeting St Mary (Sg) Gallons Hill, Bridge Farm (Sg) Aldeburgh Brickworks (Saxmundham Surface planning permission (valid and expired) Grove Farm (Creeting (Glevering Bridge) (Sg) Road ) (Cl, Sg) St Peter) (Sg) Broom Hill (Sg, SiS) Cockfield (Cross Green Farm) (Sg) Aldeburgh Marshes (Cl) Hillside (Creeting Hills, Creeting St Mary) (Sg) MINERAL WORKINGS Flordon Rd Sand Pit (Sand Pit, Flordon Road, Creeting St Mary) (Sg) Coddenham Rd (Sg) Coddenham (Ch) Wickham Market (Valley Farm) (Sg) Riverside Farm (S of Bosmere Hall) (Sg) Kesgrave Active site 2 Battisford (Sg) Grove Farm (Cl) 50 Needham Watering Farm (Needham) (Ch) Mayhew’s Farm (Sg) (Watering Road Borrow Pit (South of Bosmere Hall) (Sg) Inactive (including sites not yet worked), Valley Farm (Sg) Haverhill Quarry Farm) (Ch) Shrublands Quarry (Coddenham) (Sg) worked-out and/or restored site Battisford (Hascothill Farm (Sg) Mill Land & Pool Covert (Sg) Chillesford Extension (Hill Farm) (Cl) Chillesford (Hill Farm) (Cl) Broomfield (Lock Covert) (Sg) Darmsden Hall (Moat Farm) (Sg) Broomfield (Railway Bank) (Sg) Active wharf Active rail aggregate depot Hydrocarbon Well Darmsden Hall (Mole Hill, Darmsden No 1) (Sg, Chert, Fi) Broomfield (Chert) Chillesford Crag Pit (Chillesford Church Pit) (Sg) Baylham (Baylham House) (Sg) Sandy Lane Pit (Barham) (Sg) 6 6 Broomfield (Sg) 00 50 Neutral Farm (Ch) Mineral commodity Barham Rail Depot (CR) Barham (Workhouse Lane) (Sg) Masons Ck Quarry (Claydon Stn) (Ch) Melton (Brick Kiln Farm) (Sg) Masons Chalk Quarry (Column Field) (Ch) Weavers Sandpit (Larks Hill) (Sg) Bromewell Heath (Sg) 50 Sg Sand and gravel Peat Peat Chert Chert Great Blakenham (Mason’s, Column Field) (Ch) 50 Claydon Lime (Church Lane) (Ch) Weavers Sandpit (Broomhill) (Sg) Haugh lane (Sg) (Sg) HYDROCARBONS Red House Farm (Little Blakenham) (Ch) ClCommon clay and shale Ch Chalk Sst Sandstone W of Claydon Hill (Sg) Tuddenham No 1 Conventional Oil and Gas Akenham (Sg) Akenham (Bower Farm) (Sg) Haugh Lane (Sg) Brook Street (Sg) (Clopton Road ) (Sg) MSg Marine sand and gravel Fi Flint CR Crushed Rock Little Blakenham (Bramford) (Ch) Whitton (Ch) (Sg) Hall Pit (Ch) To the north of the Variscan Front in southern Britain, the county of Suffolk occupies a tract of land beneath which Palaeozoic Gt Bealings () (Sg) Pound Lane (Little Blakenham) (Ch) Westerfield (Off Church Lane ) (Sg) basement, forming part of the northern margin of the ancient London-Brabant Massif, lies at relatively shallow depths. Mesozoic Red Yard (Cl) Martlesham (Sg) Chalk Quarry (Monksleigh) (Ch) Bramford (Lorraine Way) (Sg) rocks are relatively thin, with Chalk and Tertiary rocks mostly at crop over the western and eastern halves of the county Church Lane (Westerfield) (Sg) respectively. Scotland Pit (Lovetofs) (Sg) ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGNATIONS (as at 30/04/03) Lime Works ( Bramford ) (Ch, Sg) Kesgrave (Sinks Pit) (Sg) (Sg) Semer (Sg) No seismic lines have been acquired in the county and Superior Oil in 1964 drilled the only two hydrocarbon exploration wells in Bramford (Bramford, A45 Ipswich Bramford Ck (Ch) Dales Rd (Cl) (Sink Pits) (Sg) National nature conservation designations the county at Lakenheath and Four Ashes. The former proved thin rocks overlying rocks, the latter Gault upon Bassets Farm (Sg) Haverhill Quarry (Ch) by pass - Land near to Bramford Road) (Sec) Bramford Pit (Sg) (SSSIs and NNRs) rocks. The wells were plugged and abandoned as dry upon completion. By mid-2002, there was no licensed acreage Martlesham (Sg) in the county, which appears to have little or no hydrocarbon potential. Boss Hall (Sg) Park Farm (Sg) Hall Farm (Sg) Dobbs Lane (Sg) International nature conservation designations Sproughton Rd (Sg) Hadliegh Rd (Sg) (Sheepdrift Grove Lane (Sg) Duck Corner (Sg) (SACs, SPAs and Ramsar sites) Withindale Mill (Sg) Sugar Beet Foxhall Heath (Sg) Farm) (Sg) Box Hall (Sg) Coal Bed Methane (CBM) potential Acton Stone Pit (Babergh Broomhill (Sg) Church Lane (Monk’s Gate) (Sg) Factory Foxhall Rd (Sg) (Sg) Heath Farm) (Sg) Hadleigh (Peyton Red Hill (Sg) Sproughton (Sg) (Sproughton) (Sg) Foxhall No 3 (Foxhall) (Sg) Heritage Coast Strata of Silurian age form the majority of the pre- and Mesozoic basement to the county of Suffolk (Smith, 1985). A Lynn’s Hall (Sg) Hall Farm) (Sg) Hadleigh Brickworks (Cl) Foxhall (Foxhall No 1) (Sg) Long Melford (Rodbridge Corner) (Sg) Foxhall No 2 (Near Dukes Hill Wood) (Sg) Virtues Farm Pit (Ch) small patch of Devonian rocks has been proved in the area of the Four Ashes borehole that have been connected with similar Gallows Hall (Sg) Valley Farm (Sg) rocks encountered in the Breckles and Rocklands boreholes to the north in . To date, no boreholes drilled in the county Chantry Cut (Sg) Dairy Farm (Sg) have encountered Westphalian Lower to Middle Coal Measures. The nearest occurrences of these strata in the pre-Permian Ipswich West Bank Terminal (MSg) Shingleton Steet (Beach Working) (Sg) National Park: Norfolk Boards (part) Park (Sg) subcrop are found some 10 km to the NE around Somerton in Norfolk and just offshore to the east (Smith, 1985). Ipswich Wharf (MSg) Pit (Sg) Waddingfield Rd (Ch) Hook Lane (Sg) (Sg) Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB): Dedham Vale (part) No deposits of Tertiary age are encountered in the county, Jurassic and Cretaceous rocks cropping out at surface across the Wherstead (Cl) Bourne Hill (?Bobbits Hole Lane) (Sg) and Suffolk Coast & Heaths county. There is therefore thought to be little or no likelihood of lignite occurrences in the county. Consequently, it is thought Kates Hill Farm (Sg) Bobbits Hole Lane (Sg) Wherstead (Redhouse Farm) (Sg) BGS maps covering Suffolk that the county shows negligible CBM development potential. Sandy Lane (Ch) Park (Sg) Grove Chalk pit (Ch) Ipswich Airport (Borrow Pit) (Sg) Kirton (Sg) 40 Scheduled Monument 162 40 Hall (Ballingdon Hill) (Sg) Spercers Farm (Sg) Fox Farm (Foxes Carr, (Popes Green Farm) (Sg) Alnesbourne Priory ( ) (Sg) Topography reproduced from the OS map by British Geological Survey with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of (Great House) (Sg) Cornard No 1 (Sg) Orwell Park Estate) (Sg) Brick Kiln Farm (Sg) 173 174 175 The Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office, © Crown copyright. Layham (Sg) ADMINISTRATIVE AREAS (Sg) Cornard No 2 (Sg) Wades Lane (Sg) Nacton (Lst) All rights reserved. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings. (Wades Lane) (Sg) Little Cornard (Stone Farm) (Sg) Cornard Brickworks (Cl, Sst, SiS) Suffolk Yacht Harbour (Sst) Mineral Planning Authority Licence number: GD272191/2003. Report 145 Report 117 Report 137 Report 145 District Administrative boundaries are reproduced with permission from Ordnance Survey Boundary Line. Licence number Harrow Street Farm (Sg) Gulpher (Gulpner, GD272671/2003. NE of Hill House Report 73Report 110 Report 123 Farm) (Cl) 176 Gallows Hall (Sg) Keeper’s Lane (Sg) Digital SSSI, NNR, SPA, SAC and Ramsar boundaries © English Nature 2003. Folly Farm (Sg) 188 189 Contact address: Aims and Limitations Walton (Sg) 190 English Nature, Northminster House, Northminster, Peterborough, PE1 1UA, Tel: 01733 455000, Little Dodnash Farm (Sg) Report 72 Report 127 Fax: 01733 455103, Web page: www.english-nature.org.uk The purpose of the maps in this series is to show the broad distribution of those mineral resources which may be of current or potential (Sg) (Sg) economic interest and to relate these to selected nationally-recognised planning designations. The maps are intended to assist in the Blofield Marshes (Cl) Positions of Scheduled Monuments at 15th August 2001 as supplied by English Heritage. consideration and preparation of development plan policies in respect of mineral extraction and the protection of important mineral The majority of monuments are plotted using a centred NGR symbol. Consequently the actual area and/or length of a resources against sterilisation. They bring together a wide range of information, much of which is scattered and not always available in a Peewit Hill (The Brickyard, Walton Brickyard) (Cl) PLANNING PERMISSIONS FOR MINERAL EXTRACTION monument protected by the legal constraints of scheduling cannot be represented here. Monuments scheduled since that date convenient form. 191 are not accounted for. © Copyright English Heritage. 205 206 The extent of all known extant and non-extant planning permissions for the extraction of minerals is shown on the map, Contact address: The maps have been produced by collation and interpretation of mineral resource data principally held by the British Geological Survey. Bures Pit (Clicket Hill) (Sg) Peewit Hill (Walton 207 208 English Heritage, 23 Savile Row, London, WS1 2ET, Tel: 020 7973 3132, Web page: www.english-heritage.org.uk Information on the extent of mineral planning permissions has been obtained from the relevant Mineral Planning Authority (MPA). Some irrespective of their current planning or operational status. The polygons were either supplied as digital files by Suffolk Brickyard, Ferry Hill) (Cl) of these permissions may have lapsed or expired. The status of individual areas can be ascertained from the appropriate MPA. Location Report 97 Report 118 Report 55Report 3 Report 83 County Council or digitised by BGS from Plotting Sheets and other documents supplied by Suffolk County Council. Any Digital AONB boundaries © Countryside Commission 1986 (now Countryside Agency). information on national planning designations has been obtained from the appropriate statutory body (Countryside Agency, English queries regarding the sites shown should be directed to the authority at the address shown below. The polygons cover Contact address: Nature and English Heritage). For further information the relevant body should be contacted. active, former and restored mineral workings and, occasionally, unworked deposits. Countryside Agency, John Dower House, Crescent Place, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, GL50 3RA,

Tel: 01242 521381, Fax: 01242 584270, Web page: www.countryside.gov.uk The mineral resource data presented are based on the best available information, but are not comprehensive and their quality is variable. Report 68 Report 85 Report 11 Report 8 Planning Permissions represent areas where a commercial decision to work mineral has been made, a successful The inferred boundaries shown are, therefore, approximate. Mineral resources defined on the map delineate areas within which application has been dealt with through the provisions of the Town and Country Planning legislation and the permitted Published for the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister. potentially workable minerals may occur. These areas are not of uniform potential and also take no account of planning constraints that 223 225 30 reserve will have been depleted to a greater or lesser extent. The current planning status is not qualified on the map but is © Queen's Printer and Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office 2003. may limit their working. The economic potential of specific sites can only be proved by a detailed evaluation programme. Such an 30 available in the underlying database. investigation is an essential precursor to submitting a planning application for mineral working. Extensive areas are shown as having no 224 This publication (excluding logos) may be reproduced free of charge in any format or medium for research, private study or mineral resource potential, but some isolated mineral workings may occur in these areas. The presence of these operations generally circulation within an organisation. This is subject to it being reproduced accurately and not used in a misleading context. The reflect very local or specific situations. Report 55 207 1:25 000 map published (Industrial Minerals Assessment Contact address: material must be acknowledged as Crown copyright and the title of the publication specified. 1:63 360 and 1:50 000 map published Sand and Gravel Resource Map) The maps are intended for general consideration of mineral issues and not as a source of detailed information on specific sites. The Suffolk County Council, Environment and Transport Department, St Edmund House, County Hall, Ipswich IP4 1LZ, Tel: Applications for reproduction should be made in writing to: The Copyright Unit, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, St Clements maps should not be used to determine individual planning applications or in taking other decisions on the acquisition or use of a 01473 583000, Fax: 01473 288221, Webpage: www.suffolkcc.gov.uk House, 1-16 Colgate, Norwich NR3 1BQ. Fax 01603 723000 or e-mail: [email protected] particular piece of land, although they may give useful background information which sets a specific proposal within context. Current digital availability of these sheets can be found at the British Geological Survey website www.bgs.ac.uk

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