DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT OF COOCHBEHAR DISTRICT

(For mining of minor minerals) As per Notification No. S.O.3611 (E) New Delhi Dated 25th of July 2018 and Enforcement & Monitoring Guidelines for Sand Mining (EMGSM) January 2020, Issued by Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF & CC)

Government of West Bengal (Work Order No: MDTC/PM-5/160/66, Dated: 20.01.2020)

July 2021

CONSULTANT

District Survey Report Coochbehar, West Bengal

Table of Content

Chapter No Subject Page No

1 Preface 1-2

2 Introduction 3-15

3 General Profile of the District 16-35

a. General Information 16-18

b. Climate Condition 19-20

c. Rainfall and humidity 20-21

d. Topography & Terrain 21-22

e. Water courses and Hydrology 22-23

f. Ground water Development 24

g. Drainage System 24-26

h. Demography 26-28

i. Cropping pattern 29

j. Land Form and Seismicity 29-32

k. Flora 32-33

l. Fauna 33-35

4 Physiography of the District 36-39

4.1 General Landforms 36

4.2 Soil and rock pattern 36-38

4.3 Different geomorphology units 38-39

5 Land Use Pattern of the District 40-48

5.1 Forest 43-44

5.2 Agriculture and Irrigation 44-46

Work Order No: MDTC/PM-5/160/66, Dated: 20.01.2020

District Survey Report Coochbehar, West Bengal

5.3 Horticulture 46-48

5.4 Mining 48

6 Geology 49-50

7 Mineral Wealth 51-79

7.1 Overview of mineral resources 51

7.2 Details of Resources 51-79

7.2.1 Sand and other riverbed minerals 51-78

I. Drainage System 51-54

II. Annual deposition of riverbed minerals 55-76

A. Geomorphological studies 55-75

i. Place of Origin 55

ii. Catchment Area 55

iii. General profile of river stream 55-58

iv. Annual deposition factor 58-61 v. Replenishment Study as per EMGSM 61-74 guidelines 2020 vi. Total potential of minor mineral in the 75 river bed B. Geological studies 75-75

i. Lithology of the catchment area 75 ii. Tectonics and structural behavior of 75 rocks C. Climate Factors 75-76

i. Intensity of rainfall 75

ii. Climate zone 75

iii. Temperature variation 76

III. Riverbed Mineral Potential 77-78

Work Order No: MDTC/PM-5/160/66, Dated: 20.01.2020

District Survey Report Coochbehar, West Bengal

7.2.2 In-situ Minerals 79-79

7.3 Exploration Requirement of the district 79-79

8 Overview of Mining Activity in The District 80-82 Details Of Revenue Generated from Mineral Sector During Last 9 83-83 Three Years 10 Transport 84-85

11 Remedial measure to mitigate the impact of Mining 86-89

12 Suggested reclamation plan for already mined out areas 90-90

13 Risk assessment & disaster management plan 91-92

14 Summary 93-94

References 95-95 List of Annexure Annexure 1 List of Brick Earth Mines in Coochbehar District 1-10 List of Plates Plate 1 Drainage Map of the District 1-2

Plate 2A1- Distribution Map of Sand Bars on Rivers During Pre-Monsoon 3-29 2A26 Period of Coochbehar District

Plate 2B1- Distribution Map of Sand Bars on Rivers During Post-Monsoon 30-56 2B26 Period of Coochbehar District

Work Order No: MDTC/PM-5/160/66, Dated: 20.01.2020

District Survey Report Coochbehar, West Bengal

List of Figure

Figure No Subject Page No Figure 3.1 Location Map of Coochbehar 16 Figure 3.2 Block Divisional Map of Coochbehar 18 Figure 3.3 Graphical Representation of Coochbehar District Rainfall 21 Figure 3.4 Physiographic Map of Coochbehar District 22 Figure 3.5 Hydrogeological Map of Coochbehar District 23 Graphical Representation of Pre-Monsoon and Post- Figure 3.6 24 Monsoon Data of CGWB Monitor Wells Figure 3.7 Drainage Map of Coochbehar District 26 Block-Wise Population Distribution in Coochbehar Figure 3.8 28 District Demographic Map Showing Block-Wise Literacy Rate of Figure 3.9 28 Coochbehar District Earthquake Zonation Map of West Bengal Highlighting Figure 3.10 30 the Coochbehar District Position District Location with Respect to Wild Life Scantuary of Figure 3.11 35 West Bengal Figure 4.1 Soil Map of Coochbehar District 37 Figure 4.2 Geomorphological Map of Coochbehar District 39 Figure 5.1 Land Use Pattern of Coochbehar District 41 Figure 5.2 Land Use Land Cover Map of Coochbehar District 42 Figure 6.1 Geological Map of Coochbehar District 50 Plan Showing the Major Rivers along with the Figure 7.1 56 Distribution of Section Lines Figure 7.2 Cross Section of Rivers During Pre-Monsoon Period 57 Figure 7.3 Cross Section of Rivers During Post Monsoon Period 58 Figure 7.4 Figure Showing Site View of River Sankosh 63 Figure 10.1 Transportation Map of Coochbehar District 85

Work Order No: MDTC/PM-5/160/66, Dated: 20.01.2020

District Survey Report Coochbehar, West Bengal

List of Table

Table No Subject Page No Requirement of District Survey Report & its year wise Table 2.1 5 modification of Guidelines Table 2.2 Pictorial Description of Land Use Classification Methods 12 Pictorial Description of Geomorphological Units Table 2.3 13 Classification Methods Table 3.1 Block Distribution of Coochbehar District 17 Monthly Average Temperature Distribution of Coochbehar Table 3.2 19 District Annual Rainfall Recorded In Coochbehar District Table 3.3 Annual Rainfall Recorded in Coochbehar District 20 Table 3.4 Rivers System of Coochbehar District 25 Table 3.5 Demographic Distribution of Coochbehar District 27 Table 3.6 Major River Causing Floods in Coochbehar District 32 Table 4.1 Description of District Soil Type 38 Table 5.1 Classification of Land Utilisation Statistics in the District 40 Distribution of Villages According to Agricultural Land Use, Table 5.2 41 2011 Classification of Forest Area, Out-Turn of Forest Produce, Table 5.3 43 Revenue and Expenditure of Forest Department Production of Principal Crops in the Coochbehar District Table 5.4 45 (Thousand Tonnes) Table 5.5 Production of Fruits and Vegetables in the District 47 Table 5.6 Production of Flowers in The District 48 Table 7.1 Drainage System with Description of Main Rivers 54 Table 7.2 Salient Features of Important Rivers and Streams 54 Estimation of Sand Resources in Pre-Monsoon & Post Table 7.3 65 Monsoon Period in Sand Bars Sediment Load Comparison Between Pre and Post Monsoon Table 7.4 74 Period for Different Rivers of Coochbehar District Table 7.5 Annual Deposition of Riverbed Minerals 76 Table 7.6 Resources of Potential Riverbed Mineral 77 Table 7.7 Potential Zone of Riverbed Mineral 77 Table 7.8 In-Situ Minerals Occurrences 79 Table 8.1 Details of Mining Leases of the Districts 81 Details of Production of Sand as Per Mine Plan in Table 8.2 82 Coochbehar District Table 9.1 District Revenue Generation from Mineral Sector 83

Work Order No: MDTC/PM-5/160/66, Dated: 20.01.2020

District Survey Report Coochbehar, West Bengal

1 Preface

The need for District Survey Report (DSR) have been necessitated by MoEF & CC vide there Notification No. 125 (Extraordinary, Part II Section 3, Sub-section ii), S.O. 141 (E), dated 15th January 2016. The notification was addressed to bring certain amendments with respect to the EIA notification 2006 and in order to have a better control over the legislation, district level committee’s for introduced in the system. As a part of this notification, preparation of District Survey Reports has been introduced. Subsequently, MOEF & CC has published Notification No. 3611 (E), dt. 25th July, 2018 regarding inclusion of the “Minerals Other than Sand” and format for preparation of the DSR has been specified. Monitoring Guidelines for Sand Mining (EMGSM) January 2020, Issued by Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change is prepared in consideration of various orders/directions issued by Hon’ble NGT in matters pertaining to illegal sand mining and also based on the reports submitted by expert committees and investigation teams. This DSR has been prepared in conformity with the S O 141 (E), S O 3611 (E) and other sand mining guidelines published by MOEF & CC time to time as well as the requirement specified in WBMMCR, 2016.

The purpose of District Survey Report (DSR) is to identify the mining potential areas where mining can be allowed; and also to distinguish areas where mining will not be allowed due to proximity to infrastructural structures and installations, areas of erosion. The DSR would also help to estimate the annual rate of replenishment wherever applicable.

Preparation of this DSR involved both primary and secondary data generation. The primary data generation involved the site inspection, survey, ground truthing etc. while secondary data has been acquired through various authenticated sources and satellite imagery studies.

Coochbehar district has 128 gram panchayats with 665720 households and a total population of 2819086 people. The area covers around 3387 sq. km. Coochbehar district is located in the northeastern part of the state and bounded by the district of Jalpaiguri and Alipurduar in the north, Dhubri and Kokrajhar district of Assam in the east and by Bangladesh in the west as well as in the south. The district forms part of the Himalayan Terai of West Bengal.

Coochbehar is a flat region with a slight southeastern slope along which the main rivers of the district flow. Most of the highland areas are in the Sitalkuchi region and most of the low- lying lands lie in Dinhata region. The rivers in the district of Coochbehar generally flow from northwest to southeast. Six rivers that cut through the district are the Teesta, Jaldhaka, Torsha, Kaljani, Raidak and Gadadhar. All these rivers show meandering trends and are prone to change their course frequently during heavy floods, as is characteristic of typical alluvial plains. All the major rivers are snow-fed and perennial, having their origin in the high Himalayas mostly in

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District Survey Report Coochbehar, West Bengal

Bhutan and, in the case of Teesta and Jaldhaka, in Sikkim. The minor rivers however are seasonal and flow only during the monsoon.

The district is characterized by moderate humid climate with heavy rainfall. It receives adequate rainfall from South-West monsoon. Soil in the area is mostly sandy to clayey alluvial soils, Sandy loam being prevalent in the areas. In the northeastern corner of the area, i.e., in the Toofanganj block, brown soils are found to occur in the higher altitude.

Economy of the Coochbehar district is primarily deriving from agricultural activity. Except for some tea in the northern areas and wood and tobacco the district does not have any other big industry. In the absence of significant forest tracks, more than 75% of the district's land area is under cultivation.

The district is entirely underlain by Quaternary alluvium laid down by the South-flowing mountainous streams and rivers. No older alluvium formations have been found anywhere of the district within the depth of 304 m bgl. It is likely that Siwaliks and other Tertiary sequences, if present, occur below this depth.

The district is fall under Zone IV and V as per the earthquake zonation map of India along eastern and western part. This indicates high prone to earthquake. The part of the district is also severely affected by flush flood.

The District is so far not exposed to extensive mining activities. The district is currently generating revenue from mining of minor minerals such as sand, stone and brick-earth. Mining of riverbed sand and stone should be carried out scientifically and based on statutory guidelines for conservation of land, river channels and sustainable development of the society.

As per the data received from Department of Mines and Minerals, Siliguri, total 13 blocks have been allotted for mining of river sand in the district and 54 blocks have been allotted for mining of Brick-earth. Total allotted river-bed block area for 13 blocks is 32.91 Ha and estimated reserve is around 2326611.3 CuM. Area allotted for Brick-earth is 80.48 Ha and estimated reserve is around 863435.08 CuM. Revenue generated in the district of Coochbehar from Minor minerals in the FY 2019-20 is Rs. 5.96 Crores.

The occurrence of riverbed sand and stone in the district has been established by Directorate of Mines and Minerals, Government of West Bengal and others in previous instances. It requires further systematic and scientific approach to quantify the resource along with their grade assessment. This report also recommends to undertake detail exploration (G1 & G2 level) program to assess the mineral occurrences in the major rivers of the district and should have a proper development and production plan for the specified minerals. The potential sand mining zones are identified and shown in the relevant section of the report.

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District Survey Report Coochbehar, West Bengal 2 Introduction

The District Survey Report of Coochbehar District has been prepared as per the guide line of Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEF & CC), Government of India vide Notification S.O.-1533(E) dated 14th Sept, 2006 and subsequent MoEF& CC Notification S.O. 141(E) dated 15th Jan, 2016. This report shall guide systematic and scientific utilization of natural resources, so that present and future generation may be benefitted at large. Further, MoEF & CC published a notification S.O. 3611(E) Dated 25th July, 2018 and recommended the format for District Survey Report.

Preparation of District Survey Report (DSR) of Coochbehar District was awarded to Global Management and Engineering Consultant (GMEC) International vide tender Ref NIT No: MDTC/PM-5/160/1147, Dt: 20.11.2019 and subsequent work order no MDTC/PM-5/160/66, dated 20.01.2020.

The main objective of DSR is identification of areas of aggradations or deposition where mining can be allowed; and identification of areas of erosion and proximity to infrastructural structures and installations where mining should be prohibited and calculation of annual rate of replenishment and allowing time for replenishment after mining in that area. The DSR would also help to calculate the annual rate of replenishment wherever applicable and allow time for replenishment. Besides the sand mining, the DSR also include the potential development scope of in-situ minor minerals.

The objectives of the District Survey Report are as following

1. Identification and Quantification of Mineral Resource and its optimal utilization. 2. To regulate the Sand & Gravel Mining in the Country, identification of site specific end-use consumers and reduction in demand & supply gaps. 3. Use of information technology (IT) & latest scientific method of mining for surveillance of the sand mining at each step. 4. District Survey report shall enable Environmental Clearance for cluster of Sand & Gravel Mines. It shall assist concern Department during post Environmental Clearance Monitoring. 5. To control the instance of illegal mining. 6. To control the flood in the area. 7. To maintain the livelihood of aquatic habitat. 8. To protect the incursion of ground water in the area. Limiting extraction of material in floodplains to an elevation above the water table generally disturbs more surface area than allowing extraction of material below the water table. 9. To keep accumulated data records viz. details of Mineral Resource, potential area, lease, approved mining plan, co-ordinates of a district at one place. 10. To maintain the records of revenue generation.

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11. In-stream extraction of gravel from below the water level of a stream generally causes more changes to the natural hydrologic processes than limiting extraction to a reference point above the water level, hence the DSR can be useful to design ultimate pit limit and scientific Mining plan. 12. In-stream extraction of gravel below the deepest part of the channel generally causes more changes to the natural hydrologic processes than limiting extraction to a reference point above the thalweg. 13. Excavating of sand and gravel from a small straight channel with a narrow floodplain generally will have a greater impact on the natural hydrologic processes than excavations on a braided channel with a wide floodplain. 14. Extracting of sand and gravel from a large river or stream will generally create less impact than extracting the same amount of material from a smaller river or stream. In this DSR, location of sand blocks are plotted on river bed which will enable the competent authority to understand the nature and sensitivity of the sand deposit before new block allotment. 15. A concise guideline can be framed considering the point discussed in the DSR for sand and or minor mineral mining in the district.

The District Survey report (DSR) is comprised of secondary data published and endorsed by various departments and websites about geology of the area, mineral resources, climate, topography, land form, forest, rivers, soil, agriculture, road, transportation, irrigation etc. Data on lease and mining activities in the district, revenue etc. are collected and collated from concern district DL& LRO office and West Bengal Mineral Development Corporation Limited.

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District Survey Report Coochbehar, West Bengal

2.1 Statutory Framework

Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF & CC) has published several notifications time to time to formulate and implement the District Survey Report (DSR) for every district. Statutory Framework and its legal aspect with respect to DSR is tabulated in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1: Requirement of District Survey Report & its year wise modification of Guidelines

Year Particulars 1994 The Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change (MoEF&CC) published Environmental Impact Assessment Notification 1994 which is only applicable for the Major Minerals more than 5 ha. 2006 In order to cover the minor minerals also into the preview of EIA, the MoEF&CC has issued EIA Notification SO 1533 (E), dated 14th September 2006, made mandatory to obtain environmental clearance for both Major & Minor Mineral more than 5 Ha. 2012 Further, Hon’ble Supreme Court wide order dated the 27th February, 2012 in I.A. No.12- 13 of 2011 in Special Leave Petition (C) No.19628- 19629 of 2009, in the matter of Deepak Kumar etc. Vs. State of Haryana and Others etc., ordered that “leases of minor minerals including their renewal for an area of less than five hectares be granted by the States/Union Territories only after getting environmental clearance from MoEF”; and Hon’ble National Green Tribunal, order dated the 13th January, 2015 in the matter regarding sand mining has directed for making a policy on environmental clearance for mining leases in cluster for minor Minerals. 2016 The MoEF&CC in compliance of above Hon’ble Supreme Court’s and NGT’S order has prepared “Sustainable Sand Mining Guidelines (SSMG), 2016” in consultation with State governments, detailing the provisions on environmental clearance (EC) for cluster, creation of District Environment Impact Assessment Authority, preparation of District survey report and proper monitoring of minor mineral. There by issued Notification dated 15.01.2016 for making certain amendments in the EIA Notification, 2006, and made mandatory to obtain EC for all minor minerals. Provisions have been made for the preparation of District survey report (DSR) for River bed mining and other minor minerals. 2016 West Bengal Minor Minerals Concession Rules,2016 amended the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957 (Act 67 of 1957), to make the rules regulating the grant of mining licenses, prospecting license-cum-mining leases and mining leases in respect

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Year Particulars of minor minerals by auction process. The rule also incorporates EIA 2016 also includes SSMG 2016 for minor mineral mining. 2018 MoEF & CC published a notification S.O. 3611(E) Dated 25th July, 2018 and recommended the format for District Survey Report .The notification stated about the objective of DSR i.e “Identification of areas of aggradations or deposition where mining can be allowed; and identification of areas of erosion and proximity to infrastructural structures and installations where mining should be prohibited and calculation of annual rate of replenishment and allowing time for replenishment after mining in that area”. 2020 Enforcement & Monitoring Guidelines for Sand Mining (EMGSM) 2020 has been published modifying Sustainable sand Mining Guidelines, 2016 by MoEF & CC for effective enforcement of regulatory provisions and their monitoring. The EMGSM 2020 directed the states to carry out river audits, put detailed survey reports of all mining areas online and in the public domain, conduct replenishment studies of river beds, constantly monitor mining with drones, aerial surveys, ground surveys and set up dedicated task forces at district levels. The guidelines also push for online sales and purchase of sand and other riverbed materials to make the process transparent. They propose night surveillance of mining activity through night-vision drones.

2.2 Other Guidelines for Sand Mining in India:

2.2.1 The West Bengal Minor Minerals Concession Rules (WBMMCR), 2016

1) (a) No person shall undertake mining operation in any area prohibited by the 'Stale Government in the public interest by notification in the Official Gazette. Provided that nothing in the sub-rule shall affect any mining operation undertaken in any area in accordance with the terms and conditions of a mining lease or mineral concession already granted. (b) No person shall transport or store or cause to be transported or stored any mineral otherwise than in accordance with the provisions of these rules and the West Bengal Minerals (Prevention of Illegal Mining, Transportation and Storage) Rules, 2002. (2) No minor mineral coming out in course of digging of wells or excavation of tanks Shall be disposed of by the person digging or excavating without informing the District Authority as well as the Executive Officer of the Panchayat Samiti or the Executive Officer of the Municipality concerned, as the case may be, about such occurrence. Provided that disposal of such minor mineral may be allowed on pre-payment of prices of such minor mineral at the prevailing market rate as determined on the basis of the rates

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published by the Public Works Department / concerned department of the State Government for the concerned area from time to time. (3) No mining of river bed occurrences shall be allowed within 300 meters, upstream and downstream, measured from the centre line of any bridge, regulator or similar hydraulic structure and from the end point of bank protection works. (4) No river bed mining shall be allowed beneath 3 meters of the river bed or ground water Ievel, whichever is less. (5) No mining operation in case of river bed occurrence shall be done within a distance of three (3) kilometers of a barrage axis or dam on a river unless otherwise permitted by the concerned Executive Engineer or Revenue Officer or authorized officer and such distance shall be reckoned across an imaginary line parallel to the 'barrage, or dam axis, as the case maybe. (6) No extraction of river bed occurrence shall 'be allowed beyond the central one third of the river bed, or keeping a distance of 100 meter from the existing bank line whichever is less, unless otherwise permitted by the concerned Executive Engineer or Revenue Officer. (7) No extraction of minerals other than river bed occurrence shall be allowed within fifty (50) meters from any road, public structure, embankment, railway line, bridge canal, road and other public works or buildings. (8) No mining lease shall be granted without proof of existence of mineral contents in the area for which the application for a mining lease has been made in accordance with such parameters as may be prescribed by the Government from time to time.

N.B- The aforesaid application for mining lease shall succeed the competitive bidding for mining lease for a specified mineral(s).

2.2.2 Sustainable Sand Mining Management Guidelines (SSMMG), 2016by MoEF & CC. The sustainable sand Mining Management Guidelines 2016 has been prepared after extensive consultation with the States and Stakeholders over a period of one year. The main objective of the Guideline is to ensure sustainable sand mining and environment friendly management practices in order to restore and maintain the ecology of river and other sand sources. a) Parts of the river reach that experience deposition or aggradation shall be identified first. The Lease holder/ Environmental Clearance holder may be allowed to extract the sand and gravel deposit in these locations to manage aggradation problem. b) The distance between sites for sand and gravel mining shall depend on the replenishment rate of the river. Sediment rating curve for the potential sites shall be developed and checked against the extracted volumes of sand and gravel. c) Sand and gravel may be extracted across the entire active channel during the dry season. d) Abandoned stream channels on terrace and inactive flood plains be preferred rather than active channels and their deltas and flood plains. Stream should not be diverted to form inactive channel.

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District Survey Report Coochbehar, West Bengal e) Layers of sand and gravel which could be removed from the river bed shall depend on the width of the river and replenishment rate of the river. f) Sand and gravel shall not be allowed to be extracted where erosion may occur, such as at the concave bank. g) Segments of braided river system should be used preferably falling within the lateral migration area of the river regime that enhances the feasibility of sediment replenishment. h) Sand and gravel shall not be extracted within 200 to 500 meter from any crucial hydraulic structure such as pumping station, water intakes, and bridges. The exact distance should be ascertained by the local authorities based on local situation. The cross-section survey should cover a minimum distance of 1.0 km upstream and 1.0 km downstream of the potential reach for extraction. The sediment sampling should include the bed material and bed material load before, during and after extraction period. Develop a sediment rating curve at the upstream end of the potential reach using the surveyed cross- section. Using the historical or gauged flow rating curve, determine the suitable period of high flow that can replenish the extracted volume. Calculate the extraction volume based on the sediment rating curve and high flow period after determining the allowable mining depth. h) Sand and gravel could be extracted from the downstream of the sand bar at river bends. Retaining the upstream one to two thirds of the bar and riparian vegetation is accepted as a method to promote channel stability. Flood discharge capacity of the river could be maintained in areas where there are significant flood hazard to existing structures or infrastructure. Sand and gravel mining may be allowed to maintain the natural flow capacity based on surveyed cross- section history. i) Alternatively, off-channel or floodplain extraction is recommended to allow rivers to replenish the quantity taken out during mining. j) The Piedmont Zone (Bhabhar area) particularly in the Himalayan foothills, where riverbed material is mined, this sandy-gravelly track constitutes excellent conduits and holds the greater potential for ground water recharge. Mining in such areas should be preferred in locations selected away from the channel bank stretches. k) Mining depth should be restricted to 3 meter and distance from the bank should be 3 meter or 10 percent of the river width whichever less. The borrow area should preferably be located on the river side of the proposed embankment, because they get silted up in course of time. For low embankment less than 6 m in height, borrow area should not be selected within 25 m from the toe/heel of the embankment. In case of higher embankment the distance should not be less than 50 m. In order to obviate development of flow parallel to embankment, cross bars of width eight times the depth of borrow pits spaced 50 to 60 meters centre-to-centre should be left in the borrow pits. l) Demarcation of mining area with pillars and geo-referencing should be done prior to start of mining.

2.2.3 Enforcement & Monitoring Guidelines for sand Mining, 2020 (MoEF & CC)

The Ministry of Environment Forest & Climate Change formulated the Sustainable Sand Management Guidelines 2016 which focuses on the Management of Sand Mining in the

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Country. But in the recent past, it has been observed that apart from management and systematic mining practices there is an urgent need to have a guideline for effective enforcement of regulatory provision and their monitoring. Section 23 C of MMDR, Act 1957 empowered the State Government to make rules for preventing illegal mining, transportation and storage of minerals. But in the recent past, it has been observed that there was large number of illegal mining cases in the Country and in some cases, many of the officers lost their lives while executing their duties for curbing illegal mining incidence. The illegal and uncontrolled illegal mining leads to loss of revenue to the State and degradation of the environment. a) Parts of the river reach that experience deposition or aggradation shall be identified. The Leaseholder/ Environmental Clearance holder may be allowed to extract the sand and gravel deposit in these locations to manage aggradation problem. b) The distance between sites for sand and gravel mining shall depend on the replenishment rate of the river. Sediment rating curve for the potential sites shall be developed and checked against the extracted volumes of sand and gravel. c) Sand and gravel may be extracted across the entire active channel during the dry season. d) Abandoned stream channels on the terrace and inactive floodplains be preferred rather than active channels and their deltas and flood plains. The stream should not be diverted to form the inactive channel. e) Layers of sand and gravel which could be removed from the river bed shall depend on the width of the river and replenishment rate of the river. f) Sand and gravel shall not be allowed to be extracted where erosion may occur, such as at the concave bank. g) Segments of the braided river system should be used preferably falling within the lateral migration area of the river regime that enhances the feasibility of sediment replenishment. h) Sand and gravel shall not be extracted up to a distance of 1 kilometre (1 km) from major bridges and highways on both sides, or five times (5x) of the span (x) of a bridge/public civil structure (including water intake points) on up-stream side and ten times (10x) the span of such bridge on down-stream side, subjected to a minimum of 250 meters on the upstream side and 500 meters on the downstream side. i) The sediment sampling should include the bed material and bed material load before, during and after the extraction period. Develop a sediment rating curve at the upstream end of the potential reach using the surveyed cross-section. Using the historical or gauged flow rating curve, determine the suitable period of high flow that can replenish the extracted volume. Calculate the extraction volume based on the sediment rating curve and high flow period after determining the allowable mining depth. j) Sand and gravel could be extracted from the downstream of the sand bar at river bends. Retaining the upstream one to two-thirds of the bar and riparian vegetation is accepted as a method to promote channel stability. k) The flood discharge capacity of the river could be maintained in areas where there is a significant flood hazard to existing structures or infrastructure. Sand and gravel mining may be allowed to maintain the natural flow capacity based on surveyed cross-section history.

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Alternatively, off-channel or floodplain extraction is recommended to allow rivers to replenish the quantity taken out during mining. l) The Piedmont Zone (Bhabhar area) particularly in the Himalayan foothills, where riverbed material is mined, this sandy-gravelly track constitutes excellent conduits and holds the greater potential for groundwater recharge. Mining in such areas should be preferred in locations selected away from the channel bank stretches. m) Mining depth should be restricted to 3 meters and distance from the bank should be ¼th or river width and should not be less than 7.5 meters. n) The borrow area should preferably be located on the riverside of the proposed embankment because they get silted in the course of time. For low embankment, less than 6 m in height, borrow area should not be selected within 25 m from the toe/heel of the embankment. In the case of the higher embankment, the distance should not be less than 50 m. In order to obviate the development of flow parallels to the embankment, crossbars of width eight times the depth of borrow pits spaced 50 to 60 meter center-to-center should be left in the borrow pits. o) Demarcation of mining area with pillars and geo-referencing should be done prior to the start of mining. p) A buffer distance /un-mined block of 50 meters after every block of 1000 meters over which mining is undertaken or at such distance as may be the directed/prescribed by the regulatory authority shall be maintained. q) A buffer distance /unmined block of 50 meters after every block of 1000 meters over which mining is undertaken or at such distance as may be the directed/prescribed by the regulatory authority shall be maintained. r) River bed sand mining shall be restricted within the central 3/4th width of the river/rivulet or 7.5 meters (inward) from river banks but up to 10% of the width of the river, as the case may be and decided by regulatory authority while granting environmental clearance in consultation with irrigation department. Regulating authority while regulating the zone of river bed mining shall ensure that the objective to minimize the effects of river bank erosion and consequential channel migration are achieved to the extent possible. In general, the area for removal of minerals shall not exceed 60% of the mine lease area, and any deviation or relaxation in this regard shall be adequately supported by the scientific report. s) Mining Plan for the mining leases (non-government) on agricultural fields/Patta land shall only be approved if there is a possibility of replenishment of the mineral or when there is no riverbed mining possibility within 5 KM of the Patta land/Khatedari land. For government projects mining could be allowed on Patta land/Khatedari land but the mining should only be done by the Government agency and material should not be used for sale in the open market.

The minerals reserve for riverbed area is calculated on the basis of maximum depth of 3 meters and margins, width and other dimensions as mentioned in para (s) above. The area multiplied by depth gives the volume and volume multiplied with bulk density gives the quantity in Metric Ton. In case of riverbed, mineable material per hectare area available for actual mining shall not exceed the maximum quantity of 60,000 MT per annum.

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2.3 Methodology of DSR Preparation

During the preparation of District Survey Report, database related to district profile, geology, mineralization, mining activities are found as sketchy and disjointed. There are multiple data sources, which are in the public domain, as well as in websites. Hence, after collating available data base, extensive work has been undertaken to verify and analyze the data base. Preparation of this DSR has undergone through several steps as stated below:

Identification of Data Analysis and Primary Data Replenisment Report data source Map preparation collection study Preparation

Data source Identification: District Survey Report has been prepared based on the Primary data base and secondary data base collected and collated from different sources. This is very critical to identify authentic data sources before compiling the data set. The secondary data sources which are used in this DSR are mostly taken from public domain and or fromthe published report in reputed journal. Information related to district profile has been taken from District Census report,2011 and District Statistical Handbook published by the Govt. of West Bengal. Potential mineral resources of the district have been described based on the published report of Geological Survey of India (GSI) or any other govt. agencies like MECL etc. List of Mining lease, name of lease holder, lease/Block area, resource in already allotted mining lease, revenue from minor mineral sector etc. have been collected from the concern DL&LRO offices of the district. Satellite images have been used for map preparation related to physiography and land use/land cover of the district.

Data Analysis and Map preparation: Dataset which are captured during the report preparation, are gone through detail analysis work. District Survey Report involves the analytical implication of the captured dataset to prepare relevant maps.

Methodology adopted for preparation of relevant maps is explained below.

Land Use and Land Cover Map: Land Use and Land Cover classification is a complex process and requires consideration of many factors. The major steps of image classification may include determination of a suitable classification system via Visual Image Interpretation, selection of training samples, Satellite image(FCC-False Colour Composition)pre-processing, selection of suitable classification approaches, post‐classification processing, and accuracy assessment.

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Here LISS-III satellite Imagery has been taken for Supervised Classification as supervised classification can be much more accurate than unsupervised classification, but depends heavily on the training sites, the skill of the individual processing the image, and the spectral distinctness of the classes in broader scale. According to the Visual Image Interpretation (Tone, Texture, Colour etc.) training set of the pixel has been taken.

Table 2.2: Pictorial description of Land Use Classification methods

Agricultural Land - Based on their Vegetation Covered Area - Based on their Geometrical shape, Red and Pink colour tone, continuous Red colour tone, Vegetation Agricultural Land has been identified. Covered Area has been identified.

Agricultural Fallow Land - Based on their Bad Land Topography- Area with Non Geometrical shape, Light cyan and light Geometrical shape, Light cyan and light reddish color tone, Agricultural Land has been reddish color tone has been identified as Bad identified. Land Topography.

Settlement – Based on Light Cyan Color Water Bodies – Dark blue colour has been tone including small rectangular or square classified as Water Bodies. shape in a Linear Pattern, Settlement Area has been identified from Satellite Image.

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Geomorphological Map: The major steps of preparing Geomorphological Map is identifying features like – Alluvial Fan, Alluvial Plain, Hilly Region etc. from Satellite Imagery (FCC-False Colour Composition)via Visual Image Interpretation and then digitisation has been taken into the consideration to prepare map including all the Geomorphological features according to their location.

Table 2.3: Pictorial description of Geomorphological Units Classification methods

Alluvial Plain- Alluvial plain is a largely flat Ox-bow Lake – An ox-bow lake starts out as landform created by the deposition of a curve, or meander, in a river. This sediment over a long period. For Cooch Behar “U” shaped body of water identified as Ox-Box Lake from Satellite Imagery. District, the total flat landhas been identified as Alluvial Plain.

Physiographical Map: The major step of preparing Physiographical Map is generating contour at a specific interval to show the elevation of the area using Cartosat DEM.

Block Map/Transportation Map/Drainage Map: ➢ Raw Data collected from National Informatics Centre (NIC Website). ➢ Data has been geo-referenced using GIS software. ➢ Digitization of block boundary, district boundary, state boundary, international boundary, and district headquarter, sub –district headquarter, places, road, railway, river, nala etc. ➢ Road name, River name, Railway name has been filled in attribute table of the Layers ➢ Final layout has been prepared by giving scale, legend, north arrow, etc.

Earthquake Map: ➢ Raw data collected from Ministry of Earth Science. ➢ Data has been geo-referenced using GIS software. ➢ Digitization of Earthquake zone and superimposed it over Block Boundary. ➢ Zone name has been filled in attribute table of the Layers ➢ Final layout has been prepared by giving scale, legend, north arrow, etc.

Soil Map: ➢ Raw data collected from National bureau of soil survey and land use planning.

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➢ Data has been geo-referenced using GIS software. ➢ Digitization of Soil classification zone and superimposed it over District Boundary. ➢ Soil classification has been filled in attribute table of the Layers. ➢ Final layout has been prepared by giving scale, legend, north arrow, etc.

Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park location Map: ➢ Raw data collected from ENVIS Centre on Wildlife & Protected Areas. ➢ Data has been geo-referenced using GIS software. ➢ Digitization of Wildlife Sanctuary& National park and superimposed it over Block Boundary. ➢ Wildlife Sanctuary & National park name has been filled in attribute table of the Layers Final layout has been prepared by giving scale, legend, north arrow, etc.

Primary Data Collection: To prepare DSR, capturing primary data or field data has also been carried out in the district. Field study involves assessment of the mineral resources of the district by means of pitting / trenching in specific interval. This provide clear picture of mineral matters characterization and their distribution over the area. Replenishment study: One of the principal causes of environmental impacts from in- stream mining is the removal of more sediment than the system can replenish. It is therefore need for replenishment study for riverbed sand in order to nullify the adverse impacts arising due to excessive sand extraction. The annual rate of replenishment carried out on every river of the district to have proper assessment of the sand reserve for mining purposes. Physical survey has been carried out by GPS/DGPS/ Total Station to define the topography, contours and offsets of the riverbed. The surveys clearly depict the important attributes of the stretch of the river and its nearby important civil and other feature of importance. This information will provide the eligible spatial area for mining. Report Preparation: District Survey Report has been prepared to fulfill the purpose of identification of mining area both for major and minor mineral and their impact on environment. Report provides details of the major and mineral potential zones. Assessing mining prospect with respect to minor minerals. Replenishment study details includes in the report. Report also provides the socio environmental study for establishing minor minerals in the district.

Demand and Utilisation of Sand Sand is a multi-purpose topographical material. It is known as one of the three fundamental ingredients in concrete. The composition of sand is diverse. Mostly sand is made of silica which is a common element. It can also come from another source of minerals like quartz, limestone, or gypsum. From beds to flood plains to coastlines- we can find the sand at almost everywhere. The robustness of sand has played a significant role in everyday life. We use sand practically every other day.

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Sand extraction from river beds and brick earth mining for making raw bricks are the main mining activities in the district. With a spurt in construction of real estate sectors and various govt. sponsored projects, the demand for both sand and bricks has increased manifold. The extraction of sand is carried out either manually or through semi- mechanized system. The depth of mining for both river bed sand and brick earth is restricted due to statutory provision in the regulations pertaining to conservation and development of minor minerals. River sand mining is a common practice as habitation concentrates along the rivers and the mining locations are preferred near the markets or along the transportation route, for reducing the transportation cost. In the real world, there are a lot of situations where we can find uses of sand. Followings are the common sand uses. 1. While bunging metal, we can mix sand with clay binder for frameworks used in the foundries. 2. Sand can be used for cleaning up oil leak or any spill by dredging sand on that spill. The material will form clumps by soaking up, and we can quickly clean the mess. 3. Sand can be used as a road base which is a protective layer underneath all roads 4. Industrial sand is used to make glass, as foundry sand and as abrasive sand. 5. One creative usage of sand is serving as a candle holder. We can try putting some sand before pouring tea light or any candle in a glass. It holds the candle still and refrain the candle from rolling by giving it an excellent decoration. 6. Adds texture and aesthetic appeal to space. 7. Sand is mostly pure to handle, promptly available and economically wise. 8. We use sand in aquariums, fabricating artificial fringing reefs, and in human- made beaches 9. Sandy soils are ideal for growing crops, fruits and vegetables like watermelon, peaches, peanuts, etc. 10. Sand can light a path by filling mason jars with sand and tea light which is another inexpensive way to make a walkway glow. 11. Sand helps to improve resistance (and thus traffic safety) in icy or snowy conditions. 12. We need sand in the beaches where tides, storms or any form of preconceived changes to the shoreline crumble the first sand. 13. Sand containing silica is used for making glass in the automobile and food industry- even household products for the kitchen. 14. Sand is a strong strand which is used for plaster, mortar, concrete, and asphalt. 15. The usual bricks formulated of clay only is way weaker and lesser in weight than blocks made of clay mixed with sand.

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District Survey Report Coochbehar, West Bengal 3 General Profile of the district 3.1 General Information The Coochbehar District lies in the North Eastern part of the State of West Bengal. Geographically, Coochbehar district is surrounded by district Jalpaiguri to the North and West, State of Assam (Kokrajhar and Dhubri districts) to the East and International Boundary with Bangladesh towards South, South-East and South-West. The location of the district is spread over from 260 32'20'' N to 250 57'40'' N and 89º 54' 35"E to 88º 47' 40"E (Figure 3.1). Although the district boundary is artificial in the majority of the portions, there are some natural borders created by rivers Jaldhaka and Kaljani to the North, Gadadhar and Sankosh to the East and Dharla to the South. The Area of the district is 3387 sq. kms, which contributes 3.82% of the land mass of the State of West Bengal. The district is pretty small in size in comparison to other districts of the State and ranks thirteenth in terms of size (Source: District Census Handbook, 2011). Coochbehar has been transformed from a kingdom to a State and from a State to the present status of a district. Before 28th August 1949, Coochbehar was a Princely State ruled by the king of Coochbehar. By an agreement dated 28th August, 1949 the king of Coochbehar ceded full and extensive authority, jurisdiction and power of the state to the Dominion Government of India. The transfer of administration of the state to the Govt. of India came into force on 12th September, 1949. Eventually, Coochbehar was transferred and merged with the province of West Bengal on 19th January, 1950 and from that date Coochbehar emerged as a new District in the administrative map of West Bengal (source: District website).

Figure 3.1: Location Map of Coochbehar (Source: National Information Center and ESRI Base Map) Page 16 of 95 Work Order No: MDTC/PM-5/160/66, Dated: 20.01.2020

District Survey Report Coochbehar, West Bengal

The Coochbehar district comprises 12 (twelve) C.D. Blocks viz. Cooch Behar-I, Cooch Behar-II, Dinhata-I, Dinhata-II, Haldibari, Mathabhanga-I, Mathabhanga-II, Mekliganj, Sitai, Sitalkuchi, Tufanganj-I and Tufanganj-II. There are 6 (six) Municipalities in the district namely, Haldibari (M), Mekliganj (M), Mathabhanga (M), Coochbehar (M), Tufanganj (M) and Dinhata (M) (Figure 3.2). Coochbehar town is the district headquarters.

The district is divided in to five Sub-divisions comprising of twelve Community Development Blocks (C.D. Blocks) and six Municipalities. The Sub-division wise break-up of C.D. Blocks and Municipalities are as follows:

(a) Cooch Behar Sadar Sub-division lies in the central most portion of the district comprising of Cooch Behar-I and Cooch Behar-II C.D. Blocks and Cooch Behar Municipality.

(b) Dinhata Sub-division lies in the Southern portion of the district and comprises of Dinhata-I, Dinhata-II and Sitai C.D. Blocks and Dinhata Municipality.

(c) Mathabhanga Sub-division lies to the North and West of Cooch Behar Sadar Sub- Division and comprises of three C.D. Blocks namely Mathabhanga-I, Mathabhanga-II and Sitalkuchi and Mathabhanga Municipality.

(d) Mekliganj Sub-division spreads from the North-West to South-West corners of the district comprising of two C.D. Blocks namely Mekliganj and Haldibari and two Municipalities, namely, Mekliganj Municipality and Haldibari Municipality.

(e) Tufangunj Sub-division forms the eastern border of the district and is adjacent to the neighbouring state of Assam. This Sub-division consists of Tufangunj-I and Tufangunj-II C.D. Blocks and Tufangunj Municipality.

Table 3.1: Block distribution of Coochbehar District

Police Block Gram Area Sub-Division C.D. Block /M Station Headquarter Panchayat (Km2) 3 2/2 2 14 459.78 Mekhliganj (P) Mekhliganj Changrabandha 8 302.07 Mekhliganj Sub- & Kuchlibari Div. Mekhliganj Mekhliganj(M) - 3.88 (P) Haldibari Haldibari 6 152.38 Haldibari Haldibari(M) - - 1.45 3 3/1 3 28 895.26 Mathabhanga Mathabhanga-I Sikarpur 10 319.39 Sub-Div. Mathabhanga Mathabhanga(M) - 3.37

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Police Block Gram Area Sub-Division C.D. Block /M Station Headquarter Panchayat (Km2) Ghoksadanga Mathabhanga-II Mathabhanga 10 309.99 Sitalkuchi Sitalkuchi Sitalkuchi 8 262.51 1 2/1 2 28 754.84 Coochbehar-I Dhaluabari 15 361.17 Sadar Sub-Div. Coochbehar Coochbehar(M) - - 8.29 Coochbehar-II Pundibari 13 385.38 2 2/1 2 25 586.44 Tufanganj Sub- Tufanganj -I Tufanganj 14 317 Tufanganj Div. Tufanganj(M) - 3.75 Bakshirhat Tufanganj -II Baxirhat 11 265.69 2 3/1 3 33 692.02 Dinhata -I Dinhata 16 279.67 Dinhata Sub- Dinhata Dinhata (M) - - 4.55 Div. Dinhata-II Sahebganj 12 246.98 Sitai Sitai Sitai 5 160.82 District Total - 5 11 12/6 12 128 3387

Figure 3.2: Block divisional map of Coochbehar (Source: National Information Center)

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3.2 Climate Condition

A highly humid atmosphere and abundant rains characterise the climate of this district, with the temperature being seldom excessive. The sub-tropical climatic prevails in District Coochbehar. The region under the influence of South-West Monsoon experiences five seasons. Winter is longer ranging from November to mid-February followed by a short spring of about a month span. Summer starts from mid-March till the arrival of Monsoon (rainy season) which is the longest season usually spanning from June to first week of October. Till November lasts the autumn and sporadic rainfall from retreating South-West monsoon occurs in isolated locations. Being nearer to the Himalayas, climate of this district is more affected by the hill-weather and is less warm than the Southern or South-Western districts of West Bengal. There is a general breeze blowing all through the year and foggy mornings are typical during winters. Winter months in the district are generally dry and scattered to heavy and very-heavy rainfall is spread over rest of the nine months.

3.2.1 Temperature

The temperature in the Coochbehar district varies from 80C in January to 370C in August. During the summer, the maximum temperature usually touches 36 to 37 degree Celsius but the month of occurrence varies from March to August. The lowest temperature is generally reached in January or February touching 5 to 7 degree Celsius.

The average maximum and minimum temperature recorded around Coochbehar during 2009 to 2013 is as follows:

Table 3.2: Monthly average temperature distribution of Coochbehar District

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Month Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min

January 28 9 29 7 27 5 28 5 28 4

February 31 10 31 7 32 9 29 6 33 8

March 36 11 37 14 35 11 35 10 35 14

April 36 18 37 18 35 16 37 18 36 15

May 37 20 35 21 36 21 35 17 36 20

June 36 22 35 23 37 23 36 20 37 23

July 37 25 36 25 35 24 35 24 35 24

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2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Month Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min

August 36 24 35 25 36 23 36 23 37 24

September 36 24 35 23 37 24 .. .. 36 22

October 35 18 35 19 35 17 33 15 34 18

November 32 11 32 12 31 13 31 11 32 10

December 29 7 33 8 31 7 28 6 31 7

For the year 37 7 37 7 37 5 37 5 37 4

(Source: District statistical handbook, 2013) 3.3 Rainfall and Humidity

The South-West monsoon causes heavy to very heavy rainfall in the district which often crosses the mark of 2500 millimeter per annum. The highest rainfall usually occurs in the months of June to August, ranging from around 600 millimeter to more than 800 millimeter in a single month. Pre-monsoon rain starts from end of April, often extending till end October. The information on annual rainfall for the preceding five years for the district Coochbehar is given in Table 3.3. Average rainfall of the district explained graphically in Figure 3.3. Table 3.3: Annual rainfall recorded in Coochbehar District

Month 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Average Jan 0.3 24.2 6.6 0.1 0 6.24 Feb 19.5 15.5 0.1 0 2.6 7.54 Mar 23.8 61.2 71.6 67.8 35.3 51.94 Apr 14.9 140.1 99 198.1 130.2 116.46 May 341.3 383.1 267.1 377.7 270.4 327.92 Jun 662.5 603.7 829.1 422.2 474 598.3 Jul 296.4 296.4 828.6 411.6 470.5 460.7 Aug 453.8 724.9 231.5 1100.6 351.5 572.46 Sept 585.4 399.8 433 352.5 313 416.74 Oct 21.5 34.6 122.5 188.1 22.8 77.9 Nov 0 13.8 0 0 0 2.76 Dec 0.1 2.4 1.1 0 5.1 1.74 Yearly Total 2419.5 2699.7 2890.2 3118.7 2075.4

Source: Website of Indian Meteorological Department, Govt. of India

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700

600

500

400

300

200 Rainfal in millimeter in Rainfal 100

0 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC

Figure 3.3: Graphical representation of Coochbehar District rainfall

3.3.1 Relative Humidity, Wind speed & Wind direction

The atmosphere in Coochbehar district is highly humid throughout the year except February to May when relative humidity is as less as 50 to 70%. Average daily morning (07-00 hrs of LMT) noon (14-00 hrs of LMT) relative humidity of the district is 96% in July & 39% in March respectively. Sky remains heavily overcast during the monsoon. Fog or mist is very common from June to September but rare in December.

In Coochbehar, wind direction is mainly controlled by two principal seasonal pressure pattern of this subcontinent. In Coochbehar, the direction of monsoonal wind is not from south western direction. It is generally diverted towards Myanmar due to topographic arrangement of southern portion of Gangetic West Bengal.

Due to its location in the interior of West Bengal, Coochbehar experiences low wind velocity of 3.9 km/hr. The wind speed of the district shows that the highest velocity of 6.9km/hr is recorded in April while the lowest velocity of 1.8 km/hr is recorded in the month of December. Wind velocity shows increasing trend in winter months, remains more or less variable in summer, declining in monsoon & post monsoon periods.

3.4 Topography and Terrain

Geographically this district lies in the foothills of the Himalayas and mainly constituted of plain land with marshy riverine areas known as ‘Terai’ and/or ‘Dooars’ (Figure 3.4). The entire district forms a part of the great alluvial plain of the Ganges-Brahmaputra system. The topography in the district gradually slopes southwards. The northern part of district, which in general has a higher elevation, forms the transitional zone between the northern terai zone of the Himalayas and the southern alluvial soil. Page 21 of 95 Work Order No: MDTC/PM-5/160/66, Dated: 20.01.2020

District Survey Report Coochbehar, West Bengal

The plains of Coochbehar district are further divided in to two Sub-Micro Cartographic Regional Divisions; West Coochbehar Plain and East Coochbehar Plain. River Jaldhaka which flows from North-West to South-East throughout the district forms the boundary of these two Sub-Micro regions. The East Coochbehar plain is comparatively larger in size and consists of 2,312.2 sq. km. area, whereas the West Coochbehar plain is smaller having an area of 1,073.20 sq. km. The Western part has a slightly higher elevation of 45 to 53 meters and the Eastern part is of elevation 35 to 45 meters. The low lands of the district are generally shallow and Marshy covered with reeds and similar plants.

Figure 3.4: Physiographic map of Coochbehar District

(Source: Cartosat-1, Bhuvan India)

3.5 Water courses and Hydrology

Groundwater in the district occurs under both unconfined and confined conditions in aquifers in depth ranges from 2.5-304 m bgl. The shallow aquifer being tapped by dug wells while the deeper aquifers are tapped by medium to heavy duty tube wells. Groundwater is generally being developed through open wells i.e., dug wells, in the weathered unconfined zone.

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The available discharges can only meet the domestic needs but is not sufficient enough for any large scale development of ground water. However, groundwater in the zone of semi-confined to confined aquifers can yield 80 – 170 lpm; which at places goes as high as 350 lpm. There is scope for development of ground water through tube well.

Figure 3.5 is the district hydrogeological map prepared by CGWB. Rock type of the district has been divided into upper Pleistocene to Lower Holocene alluvial fan deposits and Holocene flood plain deposits. Both the deposits are fairly thick and regionally extensive. They form the confined to unconfined aquifers having yield prospect above 150 cum/hr, direction of groundwater is towards south east.

Figure 3.5: Hydrogeological map of Coochbehar district

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3.6 Ground water Development

Central Groundwater Board (CGWB) has carried out extensive hydrogeological investigation in the Coochbehar district. The present report incorporates data published by CGWB. Water level data has been collected from 41 dug-wells in the district.

Depth of water in wells measured by CGWB varied from 1.05m to 6.5m bgl during pre- monsoon period with an average depth of 3.4m. During post-monsoon period, water level varied between 1.01m to 7.87m bgl with an average of 2.5m in the year 1996 to 2018 (Source: CGWB Website). Figure 3.6 represents water level graph for two CGWB monitor wells, one from Dinhata located south-eastern part of the district and another from Mekhaliganj situated nor- western part of the district. Fluctuation in water level is higher in the Dinhata region.

Over all stage of ground water development is 20% indicating sufficient scope of development (Source: Dynamic Groundwater Resources Assessment of India – 2017, CGWB). Ground water Resources Estimation 2013 (calculated using GEC 1997 Methodology) has been considered in case of Coochbehar, West Bengal.

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5

Dinhata Post Dinhata Pre Mekhaliganj Post Mekhaliganj Pre

Figure 3.6: Graphical representation of pre-monsoon and post-monsoon data of CGWB monitor wells

3.7 Drainage System

District Coochbehar has a large network of rivers and rivulets running from North-West to South and South-East direction, depending upon the general slope of the land. All the rivers have emerged in Himalayas and after crossing the district, enter State of Assam or neighboring

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District Survey Report Coochbehar, West Bengal country Bangladesh. The hill-streams of Coochbehar bring debris and slit from the Himalayas but are shallow in depth. During monsoons, the velocity of the river streams almost get doubled, even with a small rain in the mountains, the streams overflow - causing flood and destruction of lives and creatures and hindering agricultural produce. The present riverine network of the district Coochbehar is very complex and most of the rivers are connected to each other through main channels or small streams.

Drainage system of the district is generally traversed longitudinally from north to south. The river systems of Teesta, Jaldhaka (Mansai), Torsa, Kaljani, Raidak and Gadadhar/ Sankosh and their tributaries drain the entire district in the south/south-easterly direction before flowing into Bangladesh. All these rivers show meandering trends and are prone to change their course frequently during heavy floods, as is characteristic of typical alluvial plains. All these major rivers are snow-fed and perennial.

The drainage system of the district is mainly governed by Brahmaputra drainage basin. The Drainage system of Coochbehar is explained in detail in Chapter 7.2.

Table 3.4: Rivers system of Coochbehar District

Name Of Total Length In The Area Drained % Area Drained Sl No River District (In K.M.) (Sq. K.M) In The District 1 TORSA 61 354.42 17.1 2 MANSAI 64.14 259.2 33.41 3 KALJANI 41.06 70 11.71 4 GADADHAR 59.54 15.75 16.86 5 RAIDAK-I 56.2 59.2 15.19 6 DHARALA 29 7.2 72.5 7 RAIDAK-II 18.5 252 5.14 8 SANKOSH 20 256 6.25 9 SUTUNGA 50 11.1 83.33

A Drainage map of Coochbehar District is furnished as Figure 3.7 and as in Plate 1.

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Figure 3.7: Drainage map of Coochbehar District

(Source: National Information Center) 3.8 Demography

According to the 2011 census, Coochbehar district encompasses a geographical area of 3387 sq km and has a population of 28,19,086 (persons) including 1451542 males and 1367544 females. The majority of the population belongs to Hindu Community with a population share of 74.1 per cent followed by Muslims (25.5 per cent). The highest sex ratio (female per thousand male) among the C.D. Blocks is observed in Sitai C.D. block with 970 and the lowest with 915 is recorded in Cooch Behar-II C.D. block. Figure 3.8 representing block wise population distribution and literacy rate respectively for Coochbehar district.

Table 3.5 shows the Coochbehar district demographic profile based on 2011 census. The total literacy rate of the district is 74.78 and the male and female literacy rates in the district are 80.71 and 68.49 respectively with a male-female literacy rate gap of 12.22. Block-wise literacy rate of the population is described as the percentage of literates in the age group of seven years and above in Figure 3.9. Literacy rate in the municipality area is higher than the district literacy

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rate. Coochbehar municipality is having highest rate of 92.20. Sadar sub-division also having higher rate of literacy and Mekhliganj Sub-Division is having lower literacy rate.

Table 3.5: Demographic distribution of Coochbehar District

% of Sub-Division / Area No. of Total Literacy population Male Female C.D.Block / M (Sq. Km.) Households Population % to district population

Mekhliganj Sub-Division 459.78 67034 144873 137877 282750 70.25 10% Mekhliganj 302.07 37142 80052 75198 155250 69.34 6% Mekhliganj(M) 3.88 2249 4664 4463 9127 74.84 0% Haldibari 152.38 24238 52851 51118 103969 69.22 4% Haldibari(M) 1.45 3405 7306 7098 14404 83.96 1% Mathabhanga Sub-Division 895.26 149067 335933 318898 654831 72.30 23% Mathabhanga-I 319.39 49786 112497 105694 218191 71.51 8% Mathabhanga(M) 3.37 5792 12059 11831 23890 90.09 1% Mathabhanga-II 309.99 50902 117100 110297 227397 72.68 8% Sitalkuchi 262.51 42587 94277 91076 185353 70.34 7% Sadar Sub-Division 754.84 175419 386790 361604 748394 80.48 27% Coochbehar-I 361.17 76550 168185 158373 326558 76.56 12% Coochbehar(M) 8.29 18431 39014 38921 77935 92.20 3% Coochbehar-II 385.38 80438 179591 164310 343901 81.39 12% Tufanganj Sub-Division 586.44 110331 235321 220998 456319 75.38 16% Tufanganj-I 317.00 60433 128415 120180 248595 73.69 9% Tufanganj(M) 3.75 5171 10684 10314 20998 91.48 1% Tufanganj-II 265.69 44727 96222 90504 186726 75.75 7% Dinhata Sub-Division 692.02 163869 348625 328167 676792 72.27 24% Dinhata-I 279.67 67587 147602 138667 286269 73.23 10% Dinhata(M) 4.55 8739 18344 17780 36124 91.61 1% Dinhata-II 246.98 60896 126663 117403 244066 72.33 9% Sitai 160.82 26647 56016 54317 110333 62.79 4% District Total 3387.00 665720 1451542 1367544 2819086 74.78 100%

(Source: District Census Handbook, 2011)

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District Survey Report Coochbehar, West Bengal

Figure 3.8: Block-wise population distribution in Coochbehar District

(Source: District Census Handbook, 2011)

Figure 3.9: Demographic map showing Block-wise Literacy rate of Coochbehar District

(Source: District Census Handbook, 2011)

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District Survey Report Coochbehar, West Bengal

3.9 Cropping Pattern

Coochbehar is a primarily agricultural district with an economy mainly deriving from agricultural activity. Paddy being the main cereal crop, sowing in the district is of the two traditional varieties aus and aman in addition to bora paddy which is a relatively a new introduction since it was previously a marginal crop in the marshlands or beels. Two principal commercial crops are tobacco and jute with the former being concentrated mostly in Dinhata I, Sitai, Sitalkuchi and Mathabhanga I & II. Tobacco has the advantage of being cultivable on sandy land of poorest quality and Coochbehar alone supplies about 72% of the total tobacco output of West Bengal.

3.10 Land Form and Seismicity

Coochbehar district is dominated by flat topography with a slight southeastern slope along which the main rivers of the district flow. Most of the highland areas are in the Sitalkuchi region and most of the low-lying lands lie in Dinhata region of the district. The rivers in the district of Coochbehar generally flow from northwest to southeast. Six rivers that cut through the district are the Teesta, Jaldhaka, Torsha, Kaljani, Raidak and Gadadhar.

The seismic hazard map of India was updated in 2000 (Figure 3.10) by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). There are no major changes in the zones in West Bengal with the exception of the merging of Zones I and II in the 1984 BIS map. Western sections of the northern districts of Jalpaiguri and Coochbehar lie in Zone V. The remaining parts of these two districts, along with the districts of Darjeeling, Uttar Dinajpur, Dakshin Dinajpur, Maldah, 24 North Parganas and 24 South Parganas lie in Zone IV. The rest of the state along with the city of Kolkata lies in Zone III.

The district falls under the Seismic Zone IV and V, indicating very prone to the earthquakes. Western part of the district fall under Zone IV and eastern part in Zone V. However, no major earth quake event has been recorded with its epicenter in the district. Many earthquake shocks experienced in the district have been recorded.

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Figure 3.10: Earthquake zonation map of West Bengal highlighting the Coochbehar district position (Source: Ministry of Earth Science)

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District Survey Report Coochbehar, West Bengal

3.10.1 Earthquake:

The Coochbehar district has considerable area of river basins which are characterized by Holocene alluvium deposits. These are likely to soften and hence are susceptible to liquefaction during large and great earthquake as is reported in GSI memoir (1939) due to the impending of 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake of Mw 8.1. Thus the district can be considered mostly seismic vulnerable region. Eastern part of the district fall under seismic zone V and western part in the zone IV.

District has many earthquake shocks experienced since, eighteenth century. Mejor aftershock recoded in the district during the 2011 Sikkim earthquake (also known as the 2011 Himalayan earthquake) occurred with a moment magnitude of 6.9 and was centered within the Kanchenjunga Conservation Area, near the border of Nepal and the Indian state of Sikkim. The earthquake was felt across northeastern India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and southern Tibet. Northern India suffered the most from the earthquake, with at least 75 people killed. 60 people were reportedly killed in Sikkim alone. At least 7 people have died in Bihar, while 6 deaths have been reported from West Bengal. Power supply was disrupted in areas near Sikkim, including Kalimpong of Darjeeling district, and adjoining Jalpaiguri and Coochbehar districts; the outages were in part blamed on an affected electric substation in Siliguri Water supply was interrupted in Sikkim. National Highway 31, the major highway linking Sikkim to the rest of India, was damaged. Ten of the dead were workers at a hydroelectric project on the Teesta River.

On 25th April and 12th May 2015, Nepal and its surrounding area were hit by earthquakes which are considered to be the most devastating in the living memory of the inhabitants of these affected areas. The 7.9 magnitude quake was the strongest to hit Nepal for 81 years. It was the most horrible natural disaster to hit Nepal since the 1934 Nepal–Bihar border earthquake. Earthquakes are often followed by landslides and rock avalanches and glacier avalanches in Himalayan hilly areas. Landslides also blocked the river channels, sewage and other communication system in Darjeeling district. Mud wall, buildings and boundary walls in different locations of Siliguri and Jalpaiguri had collapsed because of the tremors.

3.10.2 Floods:

The soil of district Coochbehar is typically a transition zone from Dooars at the feet of Himalayas to the plain lands of Bangladesh thus making it very prone to flash floods. Almost every year due to heavy rains during the extended monsoon, large areas of the district are flooded causing havoc for the human, livestock and crops.

As per Census report of 2011, in Coochbehar occurrence of Flash Flood is a common phenomenon in the district and cause considerable damage to the human life, crops and livestock almost each year. From 2006 to 2010, Flash Floods occurred every year. The proportion of area affected by Flash Floods during this period ranged from 20 percent to

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District Survey Report Coochbehar, West Bengal hopping 45 percent, highest occurring in the year 2008. During this period, the overall impacts of Flash Floods were also most devastating in 2008, affecting 30 percent of human lives of the district, causing damage to 50,000 livestock. In terms of destruction caused by Flash Floods, next comes the year 2010, affecting 35 percent area followed by year 2006 when 30 percent of the area was affected. In both years, 20 percent of human lives were negatively impacted and number of livestock being affected was 20,000 (in 2010) and 30,000 (in 2006) respectively. Year 2007 and 2009 were comparatively less severe. In 2007, 25 percent area, 10 percent human lives and 30,000 livestock were affected and in 2009, 20 percent of area, 15 percent human lives and 10,000 livestock were affected.

The following Table shows the catchment areas of the major rivers vis-à-vis the C.D. Blocks risked with flooding during rainy season. The rivers mentioned against the C.D. Blocks overflow during the Monsoon and acts as the main sources of causing devastation in their area of catchment basin.

Table 3.6: Major river causing floods in Coochbehar district

C.D. Blocks Major Rivers causing Floods Mathabhanga-I Mansai, Sutunga, Dharla, Nenda Mathabhanga-II Dudua, Gilandi, Jaldhaka, Torsa, Bura Torsa, Mansai Sitalkuchi Mansai, Dharla Mekliganj Jaldhaka, Teesta Haldibari Teesta Tufangunj I and Tufangunj II Raidak-I and II, Sankosh Cooch Behar-I and Cooch Behar-II Raidak-I and II, Gadadhar, Kaljani, Torsa and Ghargharia Dinhata-I and Dinhata-II Singimari, Dharla, Baniadaha Sitai Singimari, Giridhari/Girdari

(Source: District Census Handbook, 2011)

3.11 Flora

District Coochbehar, owing to its fertile alluvial soil, vicinity to the Himalayan Mountains and ample rainfall has nurtured a huge variety of foliage and flowers since ages. However, due to pressure of population explosion and subsequent expansion of agriculture, only a miniscule proportion of the once abundant forestry is remaining till date.

Bamboo bushes are very common to the district, clubbed with variety of Palms-Coconut, Khejur (Date-Palms), Supuri (Betel-nut Palms) etc., Plantains and different variety of Banana; Timber-trees (Sal (Shorea Robusa)), Shishu (Indian Rosewood), Sagun (Teak wood), Babla, Khayer, Mahogany etc. ), Rain Tree (Krishna Chura, Radha Chura etc.). Beside Banana, large

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District Survey Report Coochbehar, West Bengal variety of fruits like different types of Melons - Tarmuj (Water Melon), Footi/Bangi/Kharmuja (Musk Melon), Melon, Squash etc.; Jack fruit, variety of Mangoes, Pine-apple, Papaya, Lichee, Guava, different types of Lemon are very common habitants of the district.

Among flowers all normal variety available throughout the state like Hibiscus, Tagar, Champa are also common in this district. The mythical Nag Kesar trees are abundant in the district. Due to locational proximity at the Himalayan foothills, many rare varieties of Himalayan Orchids are also found in Coochbehar. Medicinal and aromatic plants like Cinnamon, Bay leaf, Clove, Pepper, Neem (Indian Lilac) are also found aplenty in the district.

Rasik Beel falls under Coochbehar Forest Division and is a large natural wetland of North Bengal, one-third of which is protected and the remaining part used for all purposes. It is an Ox Bow Lake and is a left over detached part of the river Raidak. The area of the Beel is 178 hectors and is located in Tufanganj Subdivision of the District of Coochbehar. Floristic survey of this beel complex recorded the occurrence of 614 species of plants, belonging 421 genera of 146 families. Of these, 456 species are belonging to Magnoliopsida, 119 species for Liliopsida, 3 species of gymnosperms and Pteridophytes are represented by 36 species. Floral diversity in both aquatic and land vegetation are very rich.

The floristic work on Rasik Beel wetland complex deals with an account of 124 Angiosperm families, out of which 97 are of Magnoliopsida and the remaining 27 are of Liliopsida. Again, there are 456 species under 312 genera recorded from the 97 families of Magnoliopsida and 119 species belonging to 79 genera from 27 families of Liliopsida. Only 3 species of Pinophyta belonging to 3 genera under 3 families and a total of 36 species of ferns and fern-allies were recorded under 27 genera belonging to 19 families. So, like most of the tropical vegetation dicotyledons are dominating with 66.5 % families, 74.1 % genera and 74.3 % species (Biswas et.al. 2013).

3.12 Fauna

The existence of forest is very limited in district Coochbehar and except the areas near Rasikbil and Patlakhawa, large vegetation is no more available in the district. Thus not many variations of forest animals, birds or flowers are available in the district. In the restricted areas of forests, multiple wild species can be found which includes Cheetal, Barking Deer, Sambhar, Hog Deer, Indian Bison (Gaur), Civet Cat, Jungle Cat, Leopard Cat, Jackal, Mongoose, Wild Pig, Hog Badger, Fox, Wild Dog, Pangolin, Hispid Hare, Porcupines etc. Turtles and small Tortoises are found in the riverine areas and water bodies beside Gosap, small Crocodiles, Frogs and Snakes. Birds like Crow, Raven, Parrots, Cuckoo, Bulbul, Parakeets, Wood-pecker, Kingfisher, Sparrow, Mayna etc. are found all through the district. As there are many water bodies cutting across the district, large varieties of ichthyo fauna enrich the animal kingdom of the district. Due to absence of sea-coast, sweet water fishes from numerous rivers, streams and ponds are mainly available in the district. Fish varieties include, Rui/Rohit, Katla, Mrigel, Kalbaus, Ilish (Hilsa),

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Chital, Fali/ Falui, Kursa/Bhetki, Khorsala, Borali, Khalisa/Kholse, Punti, Chanda, Koi, Aar/Ayr, Boal, Kacha, Bacha, Pabda, Banshpata, Tengra, Singi, Magoor, Icha, Prawns etc.

The Rasik Beel which is actually a complex of a number of wetlands namely, Atiamochar beel, Noldoba beel, Raichengmari beel, Bochamari (Dhakeswari) beel is repose of birds, both residential and migratory. A total of 171 species (including sub-species) of Avifauna belonging to 116 genera, 45 families (8 sub-families) and 17 orders were recorded. 84 different types of migratory variety were recorded, of which 41 are exclusively migratory and other 43 varieties were belonging to the status of resident-migratory or local-migratory. They migrate on short distance from one topographic region to a different topographic area. The family Anatidae (i.e. ducks, teals, etc), family Charadriidae (plover, sandpiper, snipe, etc) and family Muscicapidae (flycatcher, babbler, thrush, chat, etc.) together represents higher in number in species variety. Nine types of both egrets and herons belonging to family Ardeidae and pipits and wagtails of family Motacillidae were also recorded from the wetland complex. Eighteen species of birds of prey of family Accipitridae, Pandionidae, Falconidae, Tytonidae and Strigidae (Kite, Eagle, Owl etc.) were recorded from the beel area. Seven species of Rails of family Rallidae and Jacanidae were recorded from the beel complex, which largely depends on marshes and floating plants for their habitat and forage (Das et.al. 2013).

Figure 3.11 is Wild Life Sanctuary and National park location map of West Bengal and District Coochbehar highlighted in the map to show its proximity to the Sanctuary and National Park.

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Figure 3.11: District location with respect to Wild Life Scantuary of West Bengal

(Source: ENVIS Centre on Wildlife and Protected Areas)

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District Survey Report Coochbehar, West Bengal

4 Geomorphology of the district

4.1 General Landforms

Coochbehar district is dominated by flat topography which is part of North Bengal Plain. North Bengal Plain extends from foot hill zone (Terai Plain) of Darjeeling Bhutan Himalayas to the upper limit of Barind Plain in North Bengal Basin (parts of Darjeeling, Jalpaiguri, Coochbehar and Dinajpur District within West Bengal). This vast flat alluvial plain (Quaternary sediment) of North Bengal has been formed mainly by river borne deposits and huge amount of debris carried by mountain torrents e.g. the Tista, Jaldhaka, Torsa, Raidak, Sankosh etc. draining the Eastern Himalayas. The flat plain areas of the district are inundated and suffer from endemic flood. Topographically the area is gently to moderately flat. The development of this unit of landform represents the dynamic state of channel migration. Large number of palaeo channel, point bars, channel bars, natural levees are some of the depositional features observed here.

There are no mountain peaks or hills within the district and no-significant forest tract; although at the oscillation areas of the rivers there are a number of waste-lands covered mostly with heavy grass and reeds. Along the large number of abundant channels left by the shifting rivers lie lakes or marshes, some of which establish a connection with the rivers during the monsoon while others are completely insular accumulations of water. These ox-bow lakes provide catchments for a heavy rainfall in the district and are of economic importance in that they serve as fisheries besides providing water to the cultivators for the steeping of the jute. The greater part of the district is cultivated and is composed of green fields studded with timber trees and an inferior variety of orange trees.

4.2 Soil and rock pattern

Coochbehar presents a more homogeneous soil profile than is usual for an area of its magnitude. Soils in the district are mostly alluvial soils ranging from sandy soil to a clayey loam, t00he sandy loam being prevalent in the district. In the north eastern corner of the district i.e., in Tufanganj block, brown forest soils are found to occur in the higher altitudes.

The alluvial soils in the district are relatively shallow in depth, light texture and highly porous. With leaching of the bases brought about by heavy rainfall, these soils are acidic (ph 4.2- 6.2) and organic matter is not properly decomposed.

Being formed through gradual erosion and deposition of particles of the Himalayan mountainous region through the numerous rivers and rivulets, it can retain high moisture content and does not become water-logged during monsoon. The Brown Forest soils of the Eastern parts of the district, especially Tufangunj Sub-division are more fertile than that of the Western part which higher clay contents and lesser sand, making it harder than in other parts of

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District Survey Report Coochbehar, West Bengal the district. However, crop yield Brown Forest soils are poor due to low soil depth, high acidity and low temperature.

Soil depths are normally low ranging from 15-100cm, superimposed on deep beds of sand. The base is igneous and/or metamorphic rocks lying at depth of 1000-1500 meters.

Figure 4.1 is showing soil pattern of the Coochbehar district. Soil type of the district mainly divided based on Terai soil and alluvial soil and its sub-type as explained below table (Table 4.1). Older and recent alluvial soils are mainly covers the district.

Figure 4.1: Soil Map of Coochbehar District (Source: National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Planning)

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Table 4.1: Description of District soil type

MAP SYMBOL DESCRIPTION PIEDMONT PLAIN (TERAI SOILS) Very deep, poor drained, coarse loamy soils occuring on the level to W008 nearly level lower piedmont plain with loamy surface associated with very deep poorly drained, coarse loamy soils ACTIVE ALLUVIAL PLAIN (FLOOD PLAIN SOILS) Very deep, moderately well drained, coarse loamy soils occurring on level W010 to nearly level active alluvial plain with loamy surface and moderate flooding associated with very deep poorly drained, fine loamy soils. RECENT ALLUVIAL PLAIN (MOST RECENT SOILS) Very deep, poorly drained, coarse loamy soils occurring on level to nearly W018 level recent alluvial plain with loamy surface associated with very deep, imperfectly drained, coarse loamy soils. Very deep, imperfectly drained, coarse loamy soils occuring on level to W025 nearly level recent alluvial plain with loamy surface and moderate flooding associated with very deep, imperfectly drained, fine soils. Very deep, poorly drained, fine loamy soils on the level to nearly level W026 recent alluvial plain with loamy surface. Associated with very deep, moderately well drained, coarse loamy soils. Very deep , poorly drained, fine silty soils occuring on level to nearly level W028 recent alluvial plain with loamy surface and moderate erosion associated with very deep, poorly drained, fine loamy soils with slight erosion.

The entire district forms a part of the great alluvial plain of the Ganges-Brahmaputra system. The alluvial deposits in this district have been laid down as flood-plains deposits by the torrential mountainous streams and rivers. The sediments comprise boulder, pebbles, and gravels and coarse to medium sand intercalated with lenses of clay. The sediments in the northern part of the district are poorly sorted, but the assortment improves slightly towards the south. The boulders (of size 30 cm or more), pebbles and gravels are well rounded and are derived mainly from the Precambrian Daling quartzites, granites, etc. The sands are coarse to fine, sub-rounded and micaceous (muscovite).

4.3 Different geomorphology units

Geomorphologically the Coochbehar district can be broadly divided into two units. These are Older Alluvial and Newer Alluvial plain. The alluvium plains are consists of succession of layers of sand, silt and clay with occasional gravel beds and lenses of peaty organic matter.

Figure 4.2 below represent the Geomorphological variation of Coochbehar district. Geomorphologically the district is dominated by broad alluvial plain. Another geomorphological

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District Survey Report Coochbehar, West Bengal unit of this area is Badland topography which is characteristic of the River flood plain. Badland topography is a type of topography with deep vertical ravines due to vertical erosion caused by river.

Figure 4.2: Geomorphological map of Coochbehar District

(Source: Resourcesat-1&2 – Liss-3, Bhuvan India)

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District Survey Report Coochbehar, West Bengal

5 Land use pattern of the district

The land topography of Coochbehar depicts generally flat plain, with slight South and South Eastern slope. Thus, the North-West of the district has marginally higher elevation than South and South-East portion. Numerous Himalayan Rivers and rivulets pass through the district in South and South-East ward direction. The landmass of Coochbehar being a recent alluvial formation created by the deposition from the erosion spawned by these rivers; is loose, sandy and permeable; primarily lying in the floodplains. Many parts of the land get overflowed during monsoon making occurrence of flood a periodic concern.

Data from district statistical hand book shows that the total forest land is 4.26 thousand hectares. Total land for agricultural use is 253 thousand hectares in 2012-13. Table 5.1 gives land utilization static of Coochbehar district. Figure 5.1 is pie diagram representing broad land use pattern of the district.

Table 5.1: Classification of Land Utilisation Statistics in the district (In thousand hectares) Year 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 Reporting Area (In Thousand 331.57 331.57 331.57 331.57 331.57 Hectares) Forest Area 4.26 4.26 4.26 4.26 4.26 Area under Non-agricultural use 67.85 68.08 69.43 69.43 64.8 Barren & unculturable land 1.1 0.85 0.26 0.26 0.12 Permanent pastures & other 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.01 - grazing land Land under Misc. tree groves not 5.84 5.63 5.8 5.8 7.6 included in Net area sown Culturable waste land 0.04 0.12 0.29 0.29 1.33 Fallow land other than Current 0.01 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.05 fallow Current fallow 0.5 1.2 0.86 0.86 0.85 Net area sown 251.96 251.36 250.61 250.61 252.56

Source: Directorate of Agriculture (Evaluation), Govt. of W.B.

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District Survey Report Coochbehar, West Bengal

1% Vegitation

20% Area under Non- agricultural use 2% Barren & unculturable land

Land under misc. tree 77% groves not included in Net area sown Culturable waste land

Figure 5.1: Land use pattern of Coochbehar District

Table 5.2: Distribution of Villages according to Agricultural Land Use, 2011

Total area (in Percentage of cultivable Percentage of irrigated Name of C.D. Block Hectares) area to total area area to cultivable area Haldibari 15088.59 79.21 30.73 Mekliganj 28122.37 72.59 11.52 Mathabhanga-I 31703.65 71.52 23.89 Mathabhanga-II 30924.07 59.66 14.88 Coochbehar-I 34845.66 78.22 9.84 Coochbehar-II 36810.96 76.97 8.41 Tufanganj-I 31446.88 76.76 28.72 Tufanganj-II 26500.75 69.03 18.42 Dinhata-I 27795.61 79.93 14.67 Dinhata-II 24698.36 76.16 19.61 Sitai 16081.96 79.61 15.3 Sitalkuchi 26190.19 77.51 13.03 Total 330209.1 74.39 16.73

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District Survey Report Coochbehar, West Bengal

Table 5.2 shows the distribution of agricultural land, both irrigated and un-irrigated land, among the villages of Coochbehar district. In the district around 75 percent land area of the total land of the district is available for cultivation. Irrigation is considered as an important factor for cultivation. As per the Table 16.73 per cent of the cultivable land is under irrigation. The proportions of cultivable area in the block Mathabhanga-II and Tufanganj-II, which are in the current Coochbehar district, are lowest to its total area. Coochbehar-I and Coochbehar-II are recorded having less proportion of irrigated area.

Figure 5.2 shows the Land Use Land Cover map of the district. Except western part, whole district is dominated by agricultural land.

Figure 5.2: Land Use Land Cover map of Coochbehar District (Source: Resourcesat-1&2 – Liss-3, Bhuvan India)

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District Survey Report Coochbehar, West Bengal

5.1 Forest -detail of the area

The existence of forest is very limited in district Coochbehar and except the areas near Rasikbil and Patlakhawa, large vegetation is no more available in the district. The district has only about 7330 ha of forests, which covers only 1.28 ·percent of the geographical area of the district. Most of these forests are concentrated in the northern half of the district. Tufanganj block has the maximum area under forests while the blocks of Haldibari, Sitai and Dinhata II have no forests at all. These forests are moist deciduous and the most common and valuable tree is the Sal (Shorea robusta), Bamboos and Champa trees are also associated Sal forests. Rauwolfia serpentina occurs as shrubs in the district.

Other than Rasikbil and Patlakhawa forests, remaining are mostly located in small patches on the bank of rivers. These forests are therefore subjected to annual inundation and a. sizeable portion of' these forest have been engulfed by widening of river beds.

The basic forest of Coochbehar district is of' savannah type which has got patches, of' Sal in high areas and Bombax and Albizzia in low areas. Other species mixed are Careya arborea, Lagerstroemia parvif'lora, Bauhinia purpurea, Dillenia pentagyna, Acacia catechu, Dalbergia sissoo, Trewia nudif'lora and Bischofia, javanica etc. The grasses are represented by Saccharum species, Arundo donax, Phragmites karka, Imporata cylindrica, Narenga porphynocoma etc.

In addition to above, a small patch of' Ardisia swamp forests also occur in the low lying area of Patlakhawa with tnickets of' Ardisia nerifolia. Other species found in this swamp f'orests belong to genera like Eugenio, Stereospermum, Bischof'ia and Trowia (Source: FSI, 1986).

As a whole, the forests of Coochbehar are mixture of Tropical and Sub-Tropical Evergreen and deciduous type vegetation. By holding type, these forests can be classified as Protected Forests, Khas Forest, Unclassed State Forest, Vested Waste Land and Forests owned by private individuals and corporate bodies. As such there are no reserve forests lying within the periphery of the district. In Coochbehar district, 54.4 per cent of the total forest land falls under Protected forest category, followed by Unclassed state forest (39.1 per cent) and Khas forest (4.6 percent). The wood from Sal, Sagun and Sishu are used for timber and acts as a source of generation of revenue. The Khair has medicinal value and widely used for the purpose. Rests of the vegetation generate revenue as fuel. The out-turn of forest revenue in district Coochbehar for the period of 2008-09 to 2012-13 is given below (Source: District Census Handbook, 2011).

Table 5.3: Classification of Forest Area, Out-turn of Forest Produce, Revenue and Expenditure of Forest Department

Item Unit 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 1. Area by class of forest: Reserved forest hectare - - - - -

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District Survey Report Coochbehar, West Bengal

Item Unit 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 Protected forest " 3990.30 3990.30 3990.30 3990.30 3990.30

Unclassed state forest " 2863.10 2863.10 2863.10 2863.10 2863.10

Khas forest " 335.35 335.35 335.35 335.35 335.35

Vested waste land " 134.53 134.53 134.53 134.53 134.53

Forest owned by " 4.05 4.05 4.05 4.05 4.05 Corporate Bodies Forest owned by " 3.38 3.38 3.38 3.38 3.38 Private Individuals Total 7330.71 7330.71 7330.71 7330.71 7330.71 2. Forest Produce: thousand Timber 98.81 102.59 192.69 196.72 504.16 cu. metre Fuel " 38.54 44.38 51.13 54.44 -

Pole Number - - - - - 3. Revenue &

Expenditure: Rs. in Revenue 8794 8948 9293 9632 9842 thousand Expenditure " 38957 42328 47432 52077 18678 (Source: Divisional Forest Officer, Social Forestry Division, Coochbehar; B.L. &L.R.O.s, Coochbehar) 5.2 Agriculture & Irrigation

Coochbehar is a primarily agricultural district with an economy mainly deriving from agricultural activity. Principal agricultural produce of the district includes Rice (Paddy), Jute, Potato, different types of cucurbits (Melons, Watermelons, Musk Melons, Squash etc.), Tomato, Cabbage, Cauliflower etc. Among the different varieties of rice, Aman is the highest produced variety followed by Boro. Cultivation of Aus rice is very limited. Jute is cropped in low lands, especially in the riverine areas. Due to presence of sand in the soil, different types of Melons are produced in the district; Watermelon (Tarmuj) and Musk Melon (Bangi/Footi) are the two highest producing varieties. Potato is cropped in the areas which are comparatively closed to the hills. The usual cropping sequence of the district is Jute-Aman-Potato or Jute-Aman-Vegetable from the month of March to December. Sometimes Aman and Boro rice is also cultivated sequentially in the field –Aman from May to July and Boro from November to December (Source: District census handbook 2011).

Paddy being the main cereal crop, sowing in the district is of the two traditional varieties aus and aman in addition to bora paddy which is a relatively a new introduction since it was previousiy a marginal crop in the marshlands or beels. Two principal commercial crops are

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District Survey Report Coochbehar, West Bengal tobacco and jute with the former being concentrated mostly in Dinhata I, Sitai, Sitalkuchi and Mathabhanga I & II. Tobacco has the advantage of being cultivable on sandy land of poorest quality and Coochbehar alone supplies about 72% of the total tobacco output of West Bengal.

Coochbehar, with a predominantly agricultural economy and little forest cover, still scores relatively low among the North Bengal districts in terms of percentage of area under irrigation. Soil moisture is contained for a considerable period even after the departure of monsoon despite these high cropping intensities productivity indices are not very remarkable for Coochbehar

Being well fed by the seasonal rain for around 4-5 months, irrigation is still not very popular in district Coochbehar. Till date less than half of the total areas sown in the district are having structured irrigation facilities. However, the area under irrigation is slowly increasing during last few years. Shallow Tubewells are the most popularly used mode of irrigation in the district. As there are numerous small rivers and streams flowing through the district, River-Lift Irrigation is also used in many areas. There are no Government Canals being utilised for irrigation purpose.

Agriculture is a way of life to the people of Coochbehar district as it is the source of livelihood, employment and raw materials to leading industries. In Coochbehar district in 2011, among the class of total workers, cultivators formed 32.34%, agricultural labourers formed 34.74%. In the Mekhligunj sub-division, 41.39% of total workers are cultivators and agricultural labourers are 35.63%. In Mathabhanga sub-division cultivators formed 43.96%, agricultural labourers formed 32.51% of total workers. Coochbehar Sadar sub-division is having lowest cultivators of 22.44% to total workers.

Table 5.4 is shows the crop production capacity of the Coochbehar district.

Table 5.4: Production of Principal Crops in the Coochbehar District (thousand tonnes) Crops 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 Foodgrains : 1. Rice 500.4 561.0 656.9 600.7 670.3 Aus 21.5 5.9 2.8 7.0 6.4 Aman 364.1 411.0 505.7 452.0 487.1 Boro 114.8 144.1 148.4 141.7 176.8 2. Wheat 16.6 24.7 21.5 23.6 25.9 3. Barley (b) - - (b) - 4. Maize 48.8 62.6 51.6 53.9 77.3 5. Other Cereals 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 Total Cereals 566.4 648.8 730.5 678.8 774.0

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Crops 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 6. Gram - - - - - 7. Tur (b) - - - - 8. Other Pulses 4.4 4.1 4.1 4.4 4.2 Total Pulses 4.4 4.1 4.1 4.4 4.2 Total Foodgrains 570.8 652.9 734.6 683.2 778.2 Oil Seeds: 1. Rapeseed & Mustard 3.2 4.0 5.6 4.9 4.2 2. Linseed 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 3. Other Oil seeds 2.9 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.1 Total Oil seeds 6.2 6.3 8.2 7.5 6.6 Fibres* : 1. Jute 977.9 1084.1 712.7 1028.8 987.4 2. Mesta 1.6 3.0 1.0 0.4 1.5 3. Other Fibres 1.3 1.4 1.4 0.2 0.4 Total Fibres 980.8 1088.5 715.1 1029.4 989.3 Miscellaneous crops: 1. Sugarcane - - - 88.0 79.5 2. Potato 340.3 845.0 650.8 604.8 744.3 3. Tobacco 17.6 19.6 20.5 26.0 21.0 4. Tea 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 (P) .. 5. Chillies (dry) 16.3 16.3 16.3 16.3 16.7 6. Ginger 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.7 Total Miscellaneous 376.9 883.0 690.3 736.9 863.2 crops

(Source: Directorate of Agriculture, Govt. of W.B.; B.A.E.& S., Govt. of W.B.)

5.3 Horticulture

The main fruits crops like Banana, Jackfruit, Areca nut etc. are grown in Coochbehar District. Pineapple is decreasing in its area due to imposition of agricultural income tax on its cultivation. Previously best quality pineapple was grown in Coochbehar District, which was highly productive. In this district immense prospect of cultivation of fruits crops like Banana, Jackfruits and pineapple envisages good motivation and ensure supply of seedlings etc. to farmers which may enhance the area of the above fruit crops greatly.

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Vegetable like Cabbage, Cauliflower, Brinjal, Pointed gourd, Tomato, Radish, Ridge gourd are now produced in huge quantity mainly at Cooch Behar-I, Cooch Behar-II, Tufanganj sub-division, Haldibari as well as in all the blocks of this district. They are perishable produce, and so needs storing industries to check the loss of farmers and seasonal glut.

Pineapple growing blocks are mainly Tufanganj-I, Tufanganj-II, Mathabhanga-I&II and Mekhlignaj. But the main area of pineapple is in Dhalpal of Tufanganj-I Block.

The area has also great scope in cultivation of coconut and areca nut. Proper agronomic practice may also increase further production with extension of area. The district has also great scope for growing of plantation crops oil palm, rubber and spices like black paper, cinnamon etc. The climate and soil type are suitable for growing the spices and plantation crops. Inspire of immense scope for cultivation of above fruits plantations and spices crops the district is suffering for increasing the area and their production (Source: coochbehar.nic.in).

Table 5.5: Production of Fruits and Vegetables in the district

Name of Fruits / Production (Thousand tonnes) Vegetables 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 A. Fruits: Mango 1.87 2.87 3.87 3.97 4.71 Banana 33.42 33.42 35.42 37.68 41.98 Pineapple 8.57 8.57 10.17 10.18 10.11 Papaya 6.27 6.27 6.31 6.29 6.43 Guava 5.50 5.70 5.70 5.50 5.58 Jackfruit 29.75 29.75 29.95 30.00 30.22 Litchi 2.65 2.75 2.75 2.71 2.79 Mandarin Orange - - - - - Other Citrus 3.21 3.21 3.21 3.56 3.85 Sapota 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.36 1.36 Others 2.97 2.97 3.01 3.01 3.28 Total 95.56 96.86 101.74 104.26 110.31 B. Vegetables: Tomato 145.20 147.20 149.11 148.51 148.68 Cabbage 140.00 140.00 141.96 141.95 142.42 Cauliflower 135.00 135.00 136.78 136.99 138.72 Peas 1.95 1.95 2.01 1.53 1.82 Brinjal 86.05 89.05 71.24 94.45 94.47

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Name of Fruits / Production (Thousand tonnes) Vegetables 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 Onion 8.60 8.59 8.83 8.65 8.70 Cucurbits 173.56 152.56 158.25 158.46 159.58 Ladies Finger 30.87 32.87 33.88 34.09 35.71 Radish 29.55 29.55 0.92 31.80 31.97 Others 216.28 188.29 243.33 194.30 201.79 Total 967.06 925.06 946.31 950.73 963.86

(Source: Directorate of Food Processing Industries and Horticulture, Govt. of W.B.)

Table 5.6: Production of Flowers in the district

Name Production of Flowers Unit 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 Crore Cut Rose - - - - - Flower Chrysanthemum " 0.186 0.186 0.186 0.186 - Gladiolus " 0.220 0.258 0.258 0.275 0.351 Tuberose " 0.150 0.210 0.211 0.251 0.326 Marigold '000 MT 0.160 0.204 0.210 0.310 0.314 Jasmine " - - - - - Seasonal Flower " 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.035 Misc. Flower " 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.038

(Source: Directorate of Food Processing Industries and Horticulture, Govt. of W.B.)

5.4 Mining

Coochbehar district is not having any large mines. Occurrences of major mineral are not well established. Mining of sand, gravel from the river-bed and Brick-earth are mainly source of mining revenue of the district.

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District Survey Report Coochbehar, West Bengal 6 Geology

The geological formation of the district is dominated by the Indo-Gangetic Alluvial Plain. The district is entirely underlain by Quaternary alluvium laid down by the South-flowing mountainous streams and rivers.

The district forms the part of North Bengal Plains. North Bengal plains start from the south of Terai region and continue up to the left bank of the Ganges. The North Bengal Plain is developed by the deposition of both the Ganga-Brahmaputra River system and mostly composed by the Quaternary deposits of fluvial origin. The Himalayan origin sediments deposited in the Himalayan foreland basin and formed the North Bengal Plain, and its modification still continues.

Bagchi and Mukherjee 1983, divide the plains of North Bengal broadly into (a) Active, (b) Matured and (c) Moribund plains. In the 'Active' plains the rivers are continuously building the land through siltation. Whole of Coochbehar district (except Mekliganj) fall in this region. A portion of Mekliganj sub-division of Coochbehar district fall under the piedmont or Doors region.

Figure 6.1 is the geological map of the district prepared by GSI. The area is subdivided into a sequence of floodplains, the youngest being the present day flood plain represented by the channel deposit of the Jaldhaka and Torsa rivers. Fluvial terraces of the older floodplains have generally a gradational contact. The Quaternary sediments that cover the entire district constitute four morpho-stratigraphic units, viz., Baikunthapur formation, Jalpaiguri formation, Shaugaon formation and present day flood plain deposits. The alluvial sediments of Baikunthapur formation are characterized by intercalations of gravel, coarse to fine sand and silt with occasional clay horizons covered by black prairie soil. The Jalpaiguri formation with incipient soil formation at the surface has an overburden of light grey silty loam underlain by unaltered multiple sequences of fine sand, silt and clay. Shaugaon formation is characterized by alternate rhythmic layers of sand, silt and clay. The sediments are essentially un-oxidised and unconsolidated except the clay horizons that are relatively compact. The present day deposits are the materials of the present channel and steam system. These loose sediments show well developed lamination, cross bedding and ripple marks. The channel bars are often composed of layers of pebble, coarse to fine grained sand and silt.

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Figure 6.1: Geological map of Coochbehar district (Source: GSI, 2008) Page 50 of 95 Work Order No: MDTC/PM-5/160/66, Dated: 20.01.2020

District Survey Report Coochbehar, West Bengal

7 Mineral wealth

7.1 Overview of mineral resources

Occurrence of major minerals in the district of Coochbehar is not established so far. Main mineable mineral of the district is sand and stone from the riverbed and Brick-earth from some appropriate, suitable locations.

7.2 Details of Resources

7.2.1 Sand and other riverbed minerals:

I. Drainage System

Drainage system of the district is controlled by following river courses:

River Teesta: Teesta River is one of the largest rivers in Northern Bengal. Inside Coochbehar- it flows in South-East ward direction through the Western most portion of the district. It enters the district at the Mekhliganj C.D. Block and exits the district near Kuchlibari. It is a trans-boundary international river. One flow of river Teesta is originated from Cholamoo (Tso Lhamo) lake in Tibet and the other flow is originated from Teesta Khangse in Sikkim. The combined flow, known as Teesta (or Tista), flows through Sikkim, districts Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri before entering Coochbehar in several small flows and shallow wet-lands between villages Daripattani, Dakshin Nijtaraf and Bakshiganj. Few Centuries back, there were some distinct flows of this river through the district known as Mara Tista, Bura Tista and Dadai. The present path, in most of its form, started taking shape in 1840s. Although, no large river flows meet Teesta inside Coochbehar, small streams known as Suti Nadi and Shaniajan meets the river in the Mekhliganj C. D. Block. Upon exit to the district; Teesta enters Bangladesh and ultimately meets Brahmaputra as its one of the most important tributary.

River Jaldhaka: Jaldhaka and its connected river-streams form the largest catchment area in the district Coochbehar. Some portions of the river is also known as Manshai or Singimari in colloquial terms. At present, there is a very small independent stream named Singimari which is a tributary of river Jaldhaka. Similarly, a small stream named Manshai meets Jaldhaka, giving the combined flow its name. Like Teesta, Jaldhaka is also a trans-boundary international river. It is originated from the sacred Kupup Lake (also known as Bitan Cho) in Eastern Sikkim where it is known as ‘De Chu’ and then flows through Bhutan before entering West Bengal at Bindoo of Darjeeling district. Here it meets two other streams Bindu Khola and Dudh Pokhri and the confluence of these three streams is known as Jaldhaka. It then flows in South and South-East direction through districts Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri and enters Coochbehar from North-East corner of Mekliganj C.D. Block near villages Hat Sadikha and Soulmari.

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The river then flows in a South-East direction after entering Coochbehar and is met with river Dudya or Duduya (also known as Rehti-Dudya) from left side. Beyond that, at Khaterbari near Mathabhanga town, the river meets with a stream called is the Northern most distributaries of Jaldhaka inside the district Coochbehar. There are also many smaller flows of torrents enrich Jaldhaka in its route throughout the district ultimately to meet mighty Brahmaputra in Bangladesh as one important tributary.

River Torsa: The River generated from the Himalayas and flowing through Tibet, Bhutan, India and Bangladesh. It is known as ‘Amo Chu’ in Tibet and Bhutan and Torsa in India and Bangladesh. Torsa flows through the steep mountainous gorges in its hill path inside Tibet and Western Bhutan in a large and swift stream. It then enters the plain of Himalayan foothills of Dooars and flows through districts Jalpaiguri and Coochbehar, where its course widens. Torsa enters Coochbehar from North near Latabari at C. D. Block Mathabhanga-I. It is linked with river Dharla, old course of river Singimari, Kaljani and Jaldhaka. It ultimately meets Brahmaputra as tributary inside Bangladesh. There are many lakes linked with Torsa in its upper course and as a result, water level is retained even in dry seasons.

River Kaljani: The Kaljani is formed in the western Doors by the combination of the Alaikuri and Dima in Alipurduar and enters Coochbehar by the north of taluk Khulta. It receives the stream, Gidari, Gadadhar and Katajani. The river Kaljani joins the river Torsa in Panisala in Coochbehar sadar.

River Raidak: The River Raidak enters the district in between the taluks Dorko and Chentimari. There are two rivers of the same name: Raidak – I and Raidak – II. The stream bifurcates in taluk Naratali of Jalpaiguri district presently Alipurduar district and the western branch enters Coochbehar at Dorko, while the eastern stream enters by the west of taluk khagrabari. The eastern branch falls into the Gadadhar in taluk Jaldhoa. The western branch, Raidak – I, flows by Andaran Fulbari, Chamta, Dipar–par and Rajarkuti taluks. The sub- Divisional town of Tufanganj is on the right bank of this river.

River Gadadhar: The Gadadhar is called the Sankosh in its upper course and Gadadhar in lower course. It flows 60kms within the district and passes the district by the south of chhat Baralaukuti. It enters Coochbehar from the east in taluk Garbhanga. It receives streams like Takulla, Jorai, and Raidak – II.

River Dharla: This is one of the most important rivers of district Coochbehar and is also as Dharala or Dhalla. Presently the river flows gently through the district with heavy flow of water during months of monsoon. The main course of the river emerges from the Himalayas in Bhutan and is known as ‘Chel’ or ‘Chil’ in the upper course. This river stream meets with the other course near Chengmari and the mixed flow is known as Dharla. Similar to other rivers of the district, Dharla River is also very prone to flooding. Dharla enters Coochbehar from district Jalpaiguri near at Panisala near Mekliganj. It goes out of the district and the country as well near Patgram and re-enters the district (and India) near Dinhata. In its course through the

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District Survey Report Coochbehar, West Bengal district, it receives small streams called Neda, Chenakata etc. River Dharla ultimately meets Jaldhaka as a tributary near Kodaldhoa.

Smaller rivers connected to Jaldhaka river system:

River Sutugna: Mathabhanga Municipal Town lies in the Eastern bank of river Sutugna, which flows in a curve by the west and south of the Town.

Khutamara, Girdari and Ratnai River: It is a small river stream flowing towards South of the flow of river Bura Dharla. The upper flow of the river in C.D. Block Sitalkuchi is known as Khutamara and lower flow beyond that is known as Girdari/Giridhari. This watercourse along with river Ratnai are connected river streams and this river system enters the district from Patgram and Rangpur of Bangladesh.

Rivers Dikdari/Kumali, Moranga and Gondu: River Dikdari (known as Kumali in the upper flow inside district Jalpaiguri) meets with another small stream named Moranga and flows in to district. The combined flow, also known as Moranga flows in the district Coochbehar in North-West to South-East direction. This river meets with another small stream named Gondu which enters the district from the North-West corner near Mekliganj.

Rivers Gilandi, Rangati and Dinah: These are very small rivers entering the district in Mathabhanga Sub-division near Phulbari, Khseti and Singijani. The streams of Gilandi and Rangati meet near Phulbari and combined flow, like other rivers of the district flows South and South-East ward direction.

River Dudya or Duduya (also known as Rehti-Dudya): This is one of the most important tributaries of river Jaldhaka which also enters the district from the North-West corner of the district of Mathabhanga Sub-division. The upper course of this river is formed from the union of several small hill streams towards North of district Coochbehar (inside district Jalpaiguri). For a considerable distance this river forms the natural boundary of C.D. Block Mekliganj and C.D. Block Mathabhanga.

River Mansai/Mujnai: This River was one of the most important flows of water just two centuries back. But due to change in path, it has become a very small tributary of Jaldhaka River. The river is originated from the hills of Bhutan and flows through district Jalpaiguri before entering Coochbehar.

(Source: District census handbook 2011)

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Table 7.1: Drainage system with description of main rivers

Name of the River % Area drained in the S.No. Area drained (Sq.km) district 1 Teesta 88.00 2.60 2 Jaldhaka 259.20 7.65 3 Torsa 354.42 10.46 4 Kaljani 70.00 2.07 5 Raidak 59.20 1.75 6 Sankosh 15.75 0.47 7 Dharla 7.2 0.21 8 Sutugna 11.1 0.33

Table 7.2: Salient Features of important rivers and streams

Name of the Total Length in Altitude at S.No. River or the District (in Place of origin Origin Stream Km) 1 Teesta 22.00 Tso Lhamo Lake, Sikkim 5100m 2 Jaldhaka 64.14 Kupup Lake, Sikkim 950m Chumbi Valley in 3 Torsa 61.00 3000m Yadong county, Tibet Two rivers from Bhutan viz. Alaikuri and Dima 4 Kaljani 41.06 take name of Kaljani 292m after they unite near Alipurduar Mount Akungphu at the 5 Raidak 56.20 6400m Himalayan Range Northern Hills of Lighsi 6 Sankosh 59.54 and Laya in Bhutan, 1200m Punakha Valley

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II. Annual deposition of riverbed minerals

Annual deposition of riverbed minerals is dependent on various factors which are explained below.

A. Geomorphological studies Geomorphological characteristic of a river is foremost factor for annual deposition of sedimentary load. The study include following parameter:

i) Place of Origin

Name of the River or Stream Place of origin Teesta Tso Lhamo Lake, Sikkim Jaldhaka Kupup Lake, Sikkim Torsa Chumbi Valley in Yadong county, Tibet Two rivers from Bhutan viz. Alaikuri and Kaljani Dima take name of Kaljani after they unite near Alipurduar Raidak Mount Akungphu at the Himalayan Range Northern Hills of Lighsi and Laya in Bhutan, Sankosh Punakha Valley

ii) Catchment Area The rivers in the district of Cooch Behar generally flow from northwest to southeast. Six rivers that cut through the district are the Teesta, Jaldhaka, Torsha, Kaljani, Raidak, Gadadhar, and Ghargharia. Jaldhaka and its connected river-streams form the largest catchment area in the district Coochbehar. It virtually divides the district into two unequal parts and meets the Brahmaputra in Bangladesh.

iii) General profile of river stream River profile has been studied along the cross section lines which was chosen based on the drastic variation of the river widths, proximity of the operating sand Ghats and the position of the sand bars. Relative disposition of rivers in Coochbehar district along with the distribution of the section lines are shown in Figure 7.1.

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Figure 7.1: Plan showing the major rivers along with the distribution of Section Lines

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Figure 7.2: Cross section of rivers during pre monsoon period

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Figure 7.3: Cross section of rivers during post monsoon period

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iv) Annual deposition factor Annual deposition of riverbed materials depends on various factors, such as process of deposition, mode of sediment transport, sediment transport rate, sedimentation yield of the river.

1. Process of deposition

Deposition is the processes where material being transported by a river is deposited. Deposition occurs when the forces responsible for sediment transportation are no longer sufficient to overcome the forces of gravity and friction, creating a resistance to motion; this is known as the null-point hypothesis. This can be when a river enters a shallow area or towards its mouth where it meets another body of water.

The principle underlying the null point theory is due to the gravitational force; finer sediments remain in the water column for longer durations allowing transportation outside the surf zone to deposit under calmer conditions. The gravitational effect or settling velocity determines the location of deposition for finer sediments, whereas a grain's internal angle of friction determines the deposition of larger grains on a shore profile.

Deposition of non-cohesive sediments: Large-grain sediments transported by either bedload or suspended load will come to rest when there is insufficient bed shear stress and fluid turbulence to keep the sediment moving; with the suspended load this can be some distance as the particles need to fall through the water column.

Deposition of cohesive sediments: The cohesion of sediment occurs with the small grain sizes associated with silts and clays, or particles smaller than 4Φ on the phi scale. If these fine particles remain dispersed in the water column, Stokes law applies to the settling velocity of the individual grains. The face of a clay platelet has a slight negative charge where the edge has a slight positive charge when two platelets come into close proximity with each other the face of one particle and the edge of the other are electrostatically attracted, and then have a higher combined mass which leads to quicker deposition through a higher fall velocity.

2. Mode of sediment transport in rivers

Sediment transport in rivers provides a dynamic linkage between flow and channel form. Mainly there are three processes by which sediment load is transported and these are rolling or traction, in which the particle moves along a sedimentary bed but is too heavy to be lifted from it; saltation; and suspension, in which particles remain permanently above the bed, sustained there by the turbulent flow of the water.

Another name for sediment transport is sediment load. The total load includes all particles moving as bedload, suspended load, and wash load.

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Bed load: Bedload is the portion of sediment transport that rolls, slides or bounces along the bottom of a waterway. This sediment is not truly suspended, as it sustains intermittent contact with the streambed, and the movement is neither uniform nor continuous. Bedload occurs when the force of the water flow is strong enough to overcome the weight and cohesion of the sediment. While the particles are pushed along, they typically do not move as fast as the water around them, as the flow rate is not great enough to fully suspend them. Bedload transport can occur during low flows (smaller particles) or at high flows (for larger particles). Approximately 5-20% of total sediment transport is bedload. In situations where the flow rate is strong enough, some of the smaller bedload particles can be pushed up into the water column and become suspended.

Suspended load: While there is often overlap, the suspended load and suspended sediment are not the same thing. Suspended sediment are any particles found in the water column, whether the water is flowing or not. The suspended load, on the other hand, is the amount of sediment carried downstream within the water column by the water flow. Suspended loads require moving water, as the water flow creates small upward currents (turbulence) that keep the particles above the bed. The size of the particles that can be carried as suspended load is dependent on the flow rate. Larger particles are more likely to fall through the upward currents to the bottom, unless the flow rate increases, increasing the turbulence at the streambed. In addition, suspended sediment will not necessarily remain suspended if the flow rate slows.

Wash load: The wash load is a subset of the suspended load. This load is comprised of the finest suspended sediment (typically less than 0.00195 mm in diameter). The wash load is differentiated from the suspended load because it will not settle to the bottom of a waterway during a low or no flow period. Instead, these particles remain in permanent suspension as they are small enough to bounce off water molecules and stay afloat. However, during flow periods, the wash load and suspended load are indistinguishable.

3. Sediment Transport Rate

The rate at which sediment is moved past a cross section of the flow is called either the sediment transport rate or the sediment discharge. It‘s related to the sediment load, but it‘s different, just because different fractions of the sediment load are transported at different rates. It can be measured in mass per unit time, or in weight per unit time, or in volume per unit time. The sediment transport rate is commonly denoted by Qs.

4. Estimation of Sedimentation

There are two approaches to obtaining values describing sediment loads in streams. One is based on direct measurement of the quantities of interest, and the other on relations developed between hydraulic parameters and sediment transport potential.

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The total bed material load is equal to the sum of the bedload and the bed material part of the suspended load; in terms of volume transport per unit width, qt = qb + qs. Here wash load, i.e. that part of the suspended load that is too fine to be contained in measurable quantities in the river bed, is excluded from qs.

There are number of equations to compute the total sediment load. Most of these equations have some theoretical and empirical bases.

In 1973, Ackers and White developed a general theory for sediment transport which was calibrated against the flume-transport data then available. Their functions have been widely accepted as one of the best available procedures for estimating the total bed over the full width of the flow section.

Dandy Bolton formula is often used to calculate the sedimentation yield. But use of these equations to predict sediment yield for a specific location would be unwise because of the wide variability caused by local factors not considered in the equations development. However, they may provide a quick, rough approximation of mean sediment yields on a regional basis. Computed sediment yields normally would be low for highly erosive areas and high for well stabilized drainage basins with high plant density because the equations are derived from average values. The equations express the general relationships between sediment yield, runoff, and drainage area.

5. Sedimentation Yield

All of the water that reaches a stream and its tributaries carries sediment eroded from the entire area drained by it. The total amount of erosional debris exported from such a drainage basin is its sediment load or sediment discharge and the sediment yield is the sediment discharge divided by the total drainage area of the river upstream of the cross section at which the sediment discharge is measured or estimated. Sediment yield is generally expressed as a volume or weight per unit area of drainage basin—e.g., as tons per square kilometre. Further, sediment yield is usually measured during a period of years, and the results are thus expressed as an annual average.

v) Replenishment Study as per EMGSM guidelines 2020: Replenishment study for a river solely depends on estimation of sediment load for any river system and the estimation is a time consuming and should be done over a period. The process in general is very slow and hardly measurable on season to season basis except otherwise the effect of flood is induced which is again a cyclic phenomenon. Usually replenishment or sediment deposition quantities can be estimated in the following ways as given below:

A. Direct measurement of the sand bar upliftment, monitoring of the new sand bars created in the monsoon within the channel, elimination of sand bars during the monsoon etc. With systematic data acquisition, over a period, regression equations can Page 61 of 95 Work Order No: MDTC/PM-5/160/66, Dated: 20.01.2020

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be developed for modeling of the sediment yield and annual replenishment with variable components. In this report, for volume estimation of sand, “Depth x Area” has been followed. The sand bars are interpreted with the help of satellite imageries. Ground truthing done for 100% of the total identified sand bars. While ground truthing, width and length of each segment were physically measured. It has also been observed that in few cases, sand bars have attained more than 3 meters height from the average top level of the river beds. Considerations of sand resources have been restricted within 3 meters from the average top surface of the river bed. Thus, in few occasions, heights for sand reserve estimation are found to be more than 3 meters. B. The replenishment estimation based on a theoretical empirical formula with the estimation of bed-load transport comprising of analytical models to calculate the replenishment estimation.

Sedimentation in any river is dependent on sediment yield and sediment yield depends on soil erosion in river’s catchment area. Catchment yield is computed using Strange’s Monsoon runoff tables for runoff coefficient against rainfall return period. Peak flood discharge calculated by using Dickens, Jarvis and Rational formula at 25, 50 and 100 years return period. The estimation of bed load transport using Ackers and White Equation.

Methodology Adopted: To delineate replenishment percentage in the river bed of the district, below mentioned steps have been followed.

1. Field data collation

Field data collation was carried out during May- June for all the river ghats on continuous basis for pre monsoon period and October- November for all the river ghats on continuous basis for post monsoon period. However, the nonoperational areas were covered through traverses. In both the cases, relative elevation levels were captured through GPS/DGPS/ Electronic Total Station. Thickness of the sand bars was measured through sectional profiles. In few instances, sieve analysis of the sands was carried out to derive the size frequency analysis.

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District Survey Report Coochbehar, West Bengal

Figure 7.4: Figure Showing Site View of River Sankosh

2. Selection of Study profiles:

Study profiles are selected based on the occurrence of the sand bars in the channel profiles. Aerial extents of each of the profiles are mapped from satellite imageries. Frequency distribution did while selection of the ground truthing of the blocks.

3. Data Compilation:

Following data were compiled for generation of this annual replenishment report:

• Elevation levels of the different sand Ghats and Sand Bar’s as measured at site. • Extents of the sand bars are measured from the pre monsoon satellite imageries. • Sand production data of the district. All these data were compiled while estimation of the replenished sand in the Coochbehar district.

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District Survey Report Coochbehar, West Bengal

4. Assessment of sediment load in the river:

Assessment of sediment load in a river is subjective to study of the whole catchment area, weathering index of the various rock types which acts as a source of sediments in the specific river bed, rainfall data over a period not less than 20 years, and finally the detail monitoring of the river bed upliftment with time axis. Again the sediment load estimation is not a dependent variable of the imaginary district boundary, but it largely depends upon the aerial extents of the catchment areas, which crossed the district and state boundaries.

The major sand producing rivers of the Coochbehar district are Jadhaka, Dharla, Torsa, Raidak, Kaljani, Sankosh and Teesta. Planning has been done for systematic sand mining in the rivers.

From the satellite imageries study in the pre monsoon period, altogether 302 sand bars are identified in Coochbehar district of which 69 are falling in Jaldhaka River, 49 are falling in Torsa River, 45 sandbars are in Raidak River, 43 are falling in Dharla River, 34 are falling in Teesta River, 37 are falling in Sutugna River, 14 are in Sankosh River and rest 11 are in Kaljani River.

In the post monsoon period, altogether 302 sand bars are identified in Coochbehar district of which 98 are falling in Jaldhaka River, 43 are falling in Torsa River, 45 sandbars are in Raidak River, 29 are falling in Dharla River, 27 are falling in Teesta River, 35 are falling in Sutugna River, 16 are in Sankosh River and rest 9 are in Kaljani River.

While calculation of the areas of sand bar, a classification system has been adopted with three categories of land identified within the channel areas. the class which followed for classification are as follows:

a. The untapped Sand Bars. b. The Sand bars worked in the pre-monsoon period. c. Main channel course within the channel.

Details of each sand bars along with their sand resources in pre monsoon and post monsoon period are provided in Table 7.3.

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District Survey Report Coochbehar, West Bengal

Table 7.3: Estimation of Sand Resources in Pre monsoon & Post monsoon period in sand bars Pre monsoon period Post monsoon period

Sand Sand S Sand Sand RL Area in Volume S L RL Area in Volume L Sand Bar_Code Thickness Sand Bar_Code Thickness (m) sq.m in M. No (m) sq.m in M. No in m. in m. Cum Cum

Estimation of Sand Resources in Kaljani River

1 PR_CB_CB2_KJ_1 39.5 274329.3 3 0.82 1 PO_CB_CB2_KJ_1 40 297260.8 3.5 1.04

2 PR_CB_CB2_KJ_2 39.5 580141.8 3 1.74 2 PO_CB_CB2_KJ_2 40 580454.3 3.5 2.03

3 PR_CB_TG1_KJ_3 37.5 114436.4 3 0.34 3 PO_CB_TG1_KJ_3 38 91054.39 3.5 0.32

4 PR_CB_CB2_KJ_4 37.5 162711.1 3 0.49 4 PO_CB_CB2_KJ_4 38 222813.2 3.5 0.78

5 PR_CB_TG1_KJ_5 36.5 244988.3 3 0.73 5 PO_CB_TG1_KJ_5 37 280900.4 3.5 0.98

6 PR_CB_TG1_KJ_6 34.5 86250.13 3 0.26 6 PO_CB_TG1_KJ_6 35 71183.55 3.5 0.25

7 PR_CB_TG1_KJ_7 33.5 161539.6 3 0.48 7 PO_CB_TG1_KJ_7 34 108461.7 3.5 0.38

8 PR_CB_TG1_KJ_8 33.5 267827 3 0.8 8 PO_CB_TG1_KJ_8 34 496977.4 3.5 1.74

9 PR_CB_TG1_KJ_9 33.5 160245.5 3 0.48 9 PO_CB_TG1_KJ_9 34 69139.93 3.5 0.24

Estimation of Sand Resources in Dharla River

1 PR_CB_MKJ_DL_1 68.5 22861.06 3 0.07 1 PO_CB_MKJ_DL_1 69 22532.21 3.5 0.08

2 PR_CB_MKJ_DL_2 67.6 14199.64 3 0.04 2 PO_CB_MKJ_DL_2 68 16167.02 3.4 0.05

3 PR_CB_MKJ_DL_3 67.5 17839.06 3 0.05 3 PO_CB_MKJ_DL_3 68 18213.59 3.5 0.06

4 PR_CB_MKJ_DL_4 66.5 11208.28 3 0.03 4 PO_CB_MKJ_DL_4 67 11761.74 3.5 0.04

5 PR_CB_MKJ_DL_5 66.5 8217.86 3 0.02 5 PO_CB_MKJ_DL_5 67 8133.65 3.5 0.03

6 PR_CB_MKJ_DL_6 65.5 20355.7 3 0.06 6 PO_CB_MKJ_DL_6 66 23851.94 3.5 0.08

7 PR_CB_MKJ_DL_7 64.5 137231.7 3 0.41 7 PO_CB_MKJ_DL_7 65 135568.3 3.5 0.47

8 PR_CB_SK_DL_8 49.5 6511.39 3 0.02 8 PO_CB_SK_DL_8 50 8818.53 3.5 0.03

9 PR_CB_SK_DL_9 49.5 9252.52 3 0.03 9 PO_CB_SK_DL_9 50 12108.86 3.5 0.04

10 PR_CB_SK_DL_10 49.5 19918.89 3 0.06 10 PO_CB_SK_DL_10 50 18555.72 3.5 0.06

11 PR_CB_SK_DL_11 48.5 15178.54 3 0.05 11 PO_CB_SK_DL_11 49 10632.32 3.5 0.04

12 PR_CB_SK_DL_12 48.5 12756.19 3 0.04 12 PO_CB_SK_DL_12 49 11702.46 3.5 0.04

13 PR_CB_SK_DL_13 47.5 21888.47 3 0.07 13 PO_CB_SK_DL_13 48 23394.96 3.5 0.08

14 PR_CB_SK_DL_14 47.5 57762.92 3 0.17 14 PO_CB_SK_DL_14 48 60063.5 3.5 0.21

15 PR_CB_SK_DL_15 47.5 55480.82 3 0.17 15 PO_CB_SK_DL_15 48 68896.53 3.5 0.24

16 PR_CB_SK_DL_16 47.5 123835.4 3 0.37 16 PO_CB_SK_DL_16 48 117126.5 3.5 0.41

17 PR_CB_SK_DL_17 47.5 42075.78 3 0.13 17 PO_CB_SK_DL_17 48 50373.74 3.5 0.18

18 PR_CB_MTB1_DL_18 46.5 85547.49 3 0.26 18 PO_CB_MTB1_DL_18 47 98899.56 3.5 0.35

19 PR_CB_SK_DL_19 46.5 68677.41 3 0.21 19 PO_CB_SK_DL_19 47 66628.88 3.5 0.23

20 PR_CB_SK_DL_20 46.5 15795.01 3 0.05 20 PO_CB_SK_DL_20 47 12807.97 3.5 0.04

21 PR_CB_SK_DL_21 46.5 98241.4 3 0.29 21 PO_CB_SK_DL_21 47 95553.97 3.5 0.33

22 PR_CB_MTB1_DL_22 46.5 45154.98 3 0.14 22 PO_CB_MTB1_DL_22 47 40036.24 3.5 0.14

23 PR_CB_MTB1_DL_23 46.5 37043.93 3 0.11 23 PO_CB_MTB1_DL_23 47 37182.43 3.5 0.13

24 PR_CB_MTB1_DL_24 45.5 27658.3 3 0.08 24 PO_CB_MTB1_DL_24 46 29788.46 3.5 0.1

25 PR_CB_MTB1_DL_25 47.5 18017.14 3 0.05 25 PO_CB_MTB1_DL_25 48 19764.74 3.5 0.07

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District Survey Report Coochbehar, West Bengal

Pre monsoon period Post monsoon period

Sand Sand S Sand Sand RL Area in Volume S L RL Area in Volume L Sand Bar_Code Thickness Sand Bar_Code Thickness (m) sq.m in M. No (m) sq.m in M. No in m. in m. Cum Cum

26 PR_CB_SK_DL_26 46.5 50327.83 3 0.15 26 PO_CB_SK_DL_26 47 42209.61 3.5 0.15

27 PR_CB_SK_DL_27 46.5 45566.08 3 0.14 27 PO_CB_SK_DL_27 47 47285.76 3.5 0.17

28 PR_CB_SK_DL_28 46.5 40506.49 3 0.12 28 PO_CB_SK_DL_28 47 41413.11 3.5 0.14

29 PR_CB_SK_DL_29 46.5 49297.11 3 0.15 29 PO_CB_SK_DL_29 47 52664.44 3.5 0.18

30 PR_CB_SK_DL_30 46.5 43703.25 3 0.13 30 PO_CB_SK_DL_30 47 48698.59 3.5 0.17

31 PR_CB_MTB1_DL_31 44.5 35965.69 3 0.11 31 PO_CB_MTB1_DL_31 45 38236.93 3.5 0.13

32 PR_CB_MTB1_DL_32 44.5 15899.42 3 0.05 32 PO_CB_MTB1_DL_32 45 12691.24 3.5 0.04

33 PR_CB_MTB1_DL_33 43.5 24400.3 3 0.07 33 PO_CB_MTB1_DL_33 44 34994.62 3.5 0.12

34 PR_CB_MTB1_DL_34 43.5 36042.51 3 0.11 34 PO_CB_MTB1_DL_34 44 33493.31 3.5 0.12

35 PR_CB_MTB1_DL_35 44.5 92956.51 3 0.28 35 PO_CB_MTB1_DL_35 45 86833.14 3.5 0.3

36 PR_CB_MTB1_DL_36 44.5 45912.21 3 0.14 36 PO_CB_MTB1_DL_36 45 44570.87 3.5 0.16

37 PR_CB_MTB1_DL_37 44.5 91682.88 3 0.28 37 PO_CB_MTB1_DL_37 45 89093.07 3.5 0.31

38 PR_CB_MTB1_DL_38 44.5 64704.56 3 0.19 38 PO_CB_MTB1_DL_38 45 63843.42 3.5 0.22

39 PR_CB_MTB1_DL_39 43.5 99197.75 3 0.3 39 PO_CB_MTB1_DL_39 44 99147.5 3.5 0.35

40 PR_CB_MTB1_DL_40 44.5 124583.1 3 0.37 40 PO_CB_MTB1_DL_40 45 116007.8 3.5 0.41

41 PR_CB_MTB1_DL_41 44.5 42683.1 3 0.13 41 PO_CB_MTB1_DL_41 45 43040.29 3.5 0.15

42 PR_CB_MTB1_DL_42 44.5 134230.5 3 0.4 42 PO_CB_MTB1_DL_42 45 132889.9 3.5 0.47

Estimation of Sand Resources in Jaldhaka River

1 PR_CB_MKJ_JD_1 73.5 165715.2 3.5 0.58 1 PO_CB_MKJ_JD_1 74 499430.9 4 2

2 PR_CB_MKJ_JD_2 72.5 546489.8 3.5 1.91 2 PO_CB_MKJ_JD_2 73 337837.4 4 1.35

3 PR_CB_MKJ_JD_3 71.5 320234.4 3.5 1.12 3 PO_CB_MKJ_JD_3 72 526145.3 4 2.1

4 PR_CB_MKJ_JD_4 70.5 325282.6 3.5 1.14 4 PO_CB_MKJ_JD_4 71 316442.8 4 1.27

5 PR_CB_MKJ_JD_5 69.5 242503 3.5 0.85 5 PO_CB_MKJ_JD_5 70 235801.4 4 0.94

6 PR_CB_MKJ_JD_6 68.5 279653 3.5 0.98 6 PO_CB_MKJ_JD_6 69 190824.2 4 0.76

7 PR_CB_MKJ_JD_7 67.5 161156.8 3.5 0.56 7 PO_CB_MKJ_JD_7 68 145595.6 4 0.58

8 PR_CB_MKJ_JD_8A 67.5 368700.3 3.5 1.29 8 PO_CB_MKJ_JD_8 68 1181258 4 4.73

9 PR_CB_MKJ_JD_8B 67.5 449125.1 3.5 1.57

10 PR_CB_MKJ_JD_9 66.5 1527728 3.5 5.35 9 PO_CB_MKJ_JD_9A 67 129256.5 4 0.52

10 PO_CB_MKJ_JD_9B 66 51495.4 4 0.21

11 PO_CB_MKJ_JD_9C 66 162648.7 4 0.65

12 PO_CB_MKJ_JD_9D 66 170876.8 4 0.68

11 PR_CB_MKJ_JD_10 64.5 115858.5 3.5 0.41 13 PO_CB_MKJ_JD_10 65 77695.75 4 0.31

12 PR_CB_MTB1_JD_11 63.5 1737851 3.5 6.08 14 PO_CB_MTB1_JD_11A 64 696457.2 4 2.79

15 PO_CB_MTB1_JD_11B 63 350162 4 1.4

13 PR_CB_MTB1_JD_12 61.5 813649.7 3.5 2.85 16 PO_CB_MTB1_JD_12 62 770498.9 4 3.08

14 PR_CB_MTB1_JD_13 60.5 439446.5 3.5 1.54 17 PO_CB_MTB1_JD_13A 61 128472.5 4 0.51

18 PO_CB_MTB1_JD_13B 60 232742 4 0.93

15 PR_CB_MTB1_JD_14A 58.5 123551.2 3.5 0.43 19 PO_CB_MTB1_JD_14 59 751474 4 3.01 Page 66 of 95 Work Order No: MDTC/PM-5/160/66, Dated: 20.01.2020

District Survey Report Coochbehar, West Bengal

Pre monsoon period Post monsoon period

Sand Sand S Sand Sand RL Area in Volume S L RL Area in Volume L Sand Bar_Code Thickness Sand Bar_Code Thickness (m) sq.m in M. No (m) sq.m in M. No in m. in m. Cum Cum

16 PR_CB_MTB1_JD_14B 58.5 274981.7 3.5 0.96

17 PR_CB_MTB1_JD_15 57.5 695786.4 3.5 2.44 20 PO_CB_MTB1_JD_15 58 678680.8 4 2.71

18 PR_CB_MTB2_JD_16 56.5 81310.93 3.5 0.28 21 PO_CB_MTB2_JD_16 57 94506.24 4 0.38

19 PR_CB_MTB1_JD_17 56.5 1340467 3.5 4.69 22 PO_CB_MTB1_JD_17 57 1405206 4 5.62

20 PR_CB_MTB2_JD_18 55.5 919175.7 3.5 3.22 23 PO_CB_MTB2_JD_18 56 947245.8 4 3.79

21 PR_CB_MTB2_JD_19 55.5 551475.4 3.5 1.93 24 PO_CB_MTB2_JD_19 56 559444.1 4 2.24

22 PR_CB_MTB1_JD_20 54.5 271705.2 3.5 0.95 25 PO_CB_MTB1_JD_20 55 296864.3 4 1.19

23 PR_CB_MTB1_JD_21 54.5 178758.2 3.5 0.63 26 PO_CB_MTB1_JD_21 55 169540.6 4 0.68

24 PR_CB_MTB2_JD_22 54.5 269760.6 3.5 0.94 27 PO_CB_MTB2_JD_22 55 296694.5 4 1.19

25 PR_CB_MTB1_JD_23 53.5 442345.7 3.5 1.55 28 PO_CB_MTB1_JD_23 54 452228.8 4 1.81

26 PR_CB_MTB1_JD_24 53.5 175457.2 3.5 0.61 29 PO_CB_MTB1_JD_24 54 179601 4 0.72

27 PR_CB_MTB2_JD_25 52.5 242112.2 3.5 0.85 30 PO_CB_MTB2_JD_25 53 232559.5 4 0.93

28 PR_CB_MTB2_JD_26 52.5 232744.6 3.5 0.81 31 PO_CB_MTB2_JD_26 53 577012.5 4 2.31

29 PR_CB_MTB1_JD_27 51.5 212280.8 3.5 0.74 32 PO_CB_MTB1_JD_27 52 199331.7 4 0.8

30 PR_CB_MTB2_JD_28 51.5 49608.21 3.5 0.17 33 PO_CB_MTB2_JD_28 52 78128.01 4 0.31

31 PR_CB_MTB1_JD_29 51.5 292526 3.5 1.02 34 PO_CB_MTB1_JD_29 52 275392.5 4 1.1

32 PR_CB_MTB2_JD_30 51.5 1198095 3.5 4.19 35 PO_CB_MTB2_JD_30 52 1290921 4 5.16

33 PR_CB_MTB2_JD_31 49.5 95939.28 3.5 0.34 36 PO_CB_MTB2_JD_31 50 76444.02 4 0.31

34 PR_CB_MTB1_JD_32 49.5 1583127 3.5 5.54 37 PO_CB_MTB1_JD_32 50 2070051 4 8.28

35 PR_CB_MTB1_JD_33 49.5 1060636 3.5 3.71 38 PO_CB_MTB1_JD_33 50 1270671 4 5.08

36 PR_CB_MTB1_JD_34 47.5 168496.2 3.5 0.59 39 PO_CB_MTB1_JD_34 48 152916.7 4 0.61

37 PR_CB_MTB1_JD_35 47.5 2398051 3.5 8.39 40 PO_CB_MTB1_JD_35 48 2526706 4 10.11

38 PR_CB_MTB2_JD_36 47.5 644051.3 3.5 2.25 41 PO_CB_MTB2_JD_36 48 648775.1 4 2.6

39 PR_CB_MTB2_JD_37 47.5 366864.7 3.5 1.28 42 PO_CB_MTB2_JD_37 48 263077.4 4 1.05

40 PR_CB_MTB2_JD_38 45.5 168365.5 3.5 0.59 43 PO_CB_MTB2_JD_38 46 195905.7 4 0.78

41 PR_CB_MTB1_JD_39 46.5 410938.1 3.5 1.44 44 PO_CB_MTB1_JD_39 47 350429.3 4 1.4

42 PR_CB_MTB1_JD_40 46.5 263873.2 3.5 0.92 45 PO_CB_MTB1_JD_40 47 320927.1 4 1.28

43 PR_CB_MTB2_JD_41 45.5 1315322 3.5 4.6 46 PO_CB_MTB2_JD_41 46 1158787 4 4.64

44 PR_CB_MTB2_JD_42 45.5 409514.7 3.5 1.43 47 PO_CB_MTB2_JD_42 46 434336.7 4 1.74

45 PR_CB_MTB1_JD_43 45.5 351563.2 3.5 1.23 48 PO_CB_MTB1_JD_43 46 438971.2 4 1.76

46 PR_CB_MTB1_JD_44 48.5 1338585 3.5 4.69 49 PO_CB_MTB1_JD_44A 49 60245.98 4 0.24

50 PO_CB_MTB1_JD_44B 45 1160114 4 4.64

47 PR_CB_SK_JD_45 44.5 330997 3.5 1.16 51 PO_CB_SK_JD_45 45 421376 4 1.69

48 PR_CB_MTB1_JD_46 43.5 133704.3 3.5 0.47 52 PO_CB_MTB1_JD_46 44 87595.56 4 0.35

49 PR_CB_SK_JD_47 42.5 549405.7 3.5 1.92 53 PO_CB_SK_JD_47 43 379706.8 4 1.52

50 PR_CB_SK_JD_48 41.5 247092.4 3.5 0.86 54 PO_CB_SK_JD_48 42 207731.5 4 0.83

51 PR_CB_SK_JD_49 42.5 2736290 3.5 9.58 55 PO_CB_SK_JD_49A 43 2195413 4 8.78

56 PO_CB_SK_JD_49B 43 143056.6 4 0.57 Page 67 of 95 Work Order No: MDTC/PM-5/160/66, Dated: 20.01.2020

District Survey Report Coochbehar, West Bengal

Pre monsoon period Post monsoon period

Sand Sand S Sand Sand RL Area in Volume S L RL Area in Volume L Sand Bar_Code Thickness Sand Bar_Code Thickness (m) sq.m in M. No (m) sq.m in M. No in m. in m. Cum Cum

52 PR_CB_SK_JD_50 42.5 95228.46 3.5 0.33 57 PO_CB_SK_JD_50 43 100674.3 4 0.4

53 PR_CB_SK_JD_51 42.5 32743.68 3.5 0.11 58 PO_CB_SK_JD_51 43 25951.59 4 0.1

54 PR_CB_SK_JD_52 41.5 68895.97 3.5 0.24 59 PO_CB_SK_JD_52 42 68035.74 4 0.27

55 PR_CB_SK_JD_53 41.5 58207.46 3.5 0.2 60 PO_CB_SK_JD_53 42 65928.09 4 0.26

56 PR_CB_SK_JD_54 40.5 82184.87 3.5 0.29 61 PO_CB_SK_JD_54 41 32409.51 4 0.13

57 PR_CB_SK_JD_55 40.5 107434.5 3.5 0.38 62 PO_CB_SK_JD_55 41 73062.95 4 0.29

58 PR_CB_SK_JD_56 40.5 100448.3 3.5 0.35 63 PO_CB_SK_JD_56 41 61002.46 4 0.24

59 PR_CB_CB1_JD_57 41.5 87035.29 3.5 0.3 64 PO_CB_CB1_JD_57 42 183729.3 4 0.73

60 PR_CB_SK_JD_58 40.5 509530.7 3.5 1.78 65 PO_CB_SK_JD_58 41 364923.1 4 1.46

61 PR_CB_CB1_JD_59 41.5 505869.8 3.5 1.77 66 PO_CB_CB1_JD_59 42 513460.4 4 2.05

62 PR_CB_SK_JD_60 43.5 39536.68 3.5 0.14 67 PO_CB_SK_JD_60 44 55130.1 4 0.22

63 PR_CB_CB1_JD_61 41.5 144693.7 3.5 0.51 68 PO_CB_CB1_JD_61 42 175688.1 4 0.7

64 PR_CB_CB1_JD_62 41.5 133050.8 3.5 0.47 69 PO_CB_CB1_JD_62 42 150969.3 4 0.6

65 PR_CB_CB1_JD_63 37.5 146763.3 3.5 0.51 70 PO_CB_CB1_JD_63 38 158910.5 4 0.64

66 PR_CB_SK_JD_64 41.5 140981 3.5 0.49 71 PO_CB_SK_JD_64 42 158227.2 4 0.63

67 PR_CB_CB1_JD_65 37.5 331202.4 3.5 1.16 72 PO_CB_CB1_JD_65 38 336087.8 4 1.34

68 PR_CB_CB1_JD_66 34.5 1586532 3.5 5.55 73 PO_CB_CB1_JD_66 35 1517427 4 6.07

69 PR_CB_CB1_JD_67 40.5 88126.48 3.5 0.31 74 PO_CB_CB1_JD_67 41 95824.12 4 0.38

70 PR_CB_CB1_JD_68 41.5 134081.3 3.5 0.47 75 PO_CB_CB1_JD_68 42 115581.2 4 0.46

71 PR_CB_SK_JD_69 40.5 339378.9 3.5 1.19 76 PO_CB_SK_JD_69 41 298840 4 1.2

72 PR_CB_ST_JD_70 41.5 126623.1 3.5 0.44 77 PO_CB_ST_JD_70 42 82836.34 4 0.33

73 PR_CB_ST_JD_71 38.5 252583.7 3.5 0.88 78 PO_CB_ST_JD_71 39 316656.1 4 1.27

74 PR_CB_ST_JD_72 37.5 330911.8 3.5 1.16 79 PO_CB_ST_JD_72 38 390866.4 4 1.56

75 PR_CB_ST_JD_73 38.5 55100.98 3.5 0.19 80 PO_CB_ST_JD_73 39 47078.11 4 0.19

76 PR_CB_ST_JD_74 39.5 170965.3 3.5 0.6 81 PO_CB_ST_JD_74 40 254312.1 4 1.02

77 PR_CB_ST_JD_75 38.5 97376.43 3.5 0.34 82 PO_CB_ST_JD_75 39 117099.1 4 0.47

78 PR_CB_ST_JD_76 36.5 2831820 3.5 9.91 83 PO_CB_ST_JD_76 37 2905210 4 11.62

79 PR_CB_ST_JD_77 39.5 201424.3 3.5 0.7 84 PO_CB_ST_JD_77 40 169449.7 4 0.68

80 PR_CB_ST_JD_78 37.5 150501.2 3.5 0.53 85 PO_CB_ST_JD_78 38 124078.8 4 0.5

81 PR_CB_ST_JD_79 32.5 1578813 3.5 5.53 86 PO_CB_ST_JD_79A 33 131993.7 4 0.53

87 PO_CB_ST_JD_79B 38 1063510 4 4.25

82 PR_CB_ST_JD_80 36.5 376974.9 3.5 1.32 88 PO_CB_ST_JD_80 37 441079.5 4 1.76

83 PR_CB_ST_JD_81 35.5 2605343 3.5 9.12 89 PO_CB_ST_JD_81A 36 560042.2 4 2.24

90 PO_CB_ST_JD_81B 35 3439089 4 13.76

91 PO_CB_ST_JD_82C 35 867219 4 3.47

84 PR_CB_ST_JD_82 33.5 3188086 3.5 11.16 92 PO_CB_ST_JD_82A 34 730666.8 4 2.92

3.5 0 93 PO_CB_ST_JD_82B 34 1382353 4 5.53

85 PR_CB_DH1_JD_83 32.5 1014385 3.5 3.55 94 PO_CB_DH1_JD_83 33 985485.5 4 3.94 Page 68 of 95 Work Order No: MDTC/PM-5/160/66, Dated: 20.01.2020

District Survey Report Coochbehar, West Bengal

Pre monsoon period Post monsoon period

Sand Sand S Sand Sand RL Area in Volume S L RL Area in Volume L Sand Bar_Code Thickness Sand Bar_Code Thickness (m) sq.m in M. No (m) sq.m in M. No in m. in m. Cum Cum

86 PR_CB_DH1_JD_84 32.5 1667496 3.5 5.84 95 PO_CB_DH1_JD_84 33 1830015 4 7.32

87 PR_CB_DH1_JD_85 32.5 658423.4 3.5 2.3 96 PO_CB_DH1_JD_85 33 792849.5 4 3.17

88 PR_CB_DH1_JD_86 32.5 848582 3.5 2.97 97 PO_CB_DN1_JD_86A 33 467250.7 4 1.87

98 PO_CB_DH1_JD_86B 32 459706.3 4 1.84

89 PR_CB_DH1_JD_87 32.5 511216 3.5 1.79 99 PO_CB_DH1_JD_87A 33 374436.9 4 1.5

100 PO_CB_DH1_JD_87B 33 137391.1 4 0.55

90 PR_CB_DH1_JD_88 32.5 1097785 3.5 3.84 101 PO_CB_DH1_JD_88 33 1235819 4 4.94

91 PR_CB_DH1_JD_89 33.5 676794.4 3.5 2.37 102 PO_CB_DH1_JD_89 34 796004.7 4 3.18

92 PR_CB_DH1_JD_90 34.5 188766.6 3.5 0.66 103 PO_CB_DH1_JD_90 35 86549.52 4 0.35

Estimation of Sand Resources in Teesta River

1 PR_CB_HDB_TS_1 69.5 891172.1 3.5 3.12 1 PO_CB_HDB_TS_1 70 1676480 4 6.71

2 PR_CB_HDB_TS_2 68.5 645549.1 3.5 2.26 2 PO_CB_HDB_TS_2 69 329281.4 4 1.32

3 PR_CB_HDB_TS_3 67.5 1881628 3.5 6.59 3 PO_CB_HDB_TS_3A 68 876547.3 4 3.51

4 PO_CB_MKJ_TS_3B 68 265743.7 4 1.06

5 PO_CB_HDB_TS_3C 68 1007281 4 4.03

6 PO_CB_MKJ_TS_3D 68 287307.5 4 1.15

4 PR_CB_HDB_TS_4 63.5 544601 3.5 1.91 7 PO_CB_HDB_TS_4 64 673514.6 4 2.69

5 PR_CB_HDB_TS_5 63.5 453149.5 3.5 1.59 8 PO_CB_HDB_TS_5 64 594763.4 4 2.38

6 PR_CB_HDB_TS_6 63.5 1422572 3.5 4.98 9 PO_CB_HDB_TS_6A 64 199645.1 4 0.8

10 PO_CB_HDB_TS_6B 64 651434 4 2.61

7 PR_CB_MKJ_TS_7 69.5 1912447 3.5 6.69 11 PO_CB_MKJ_TS_7 70 1143813 4 4.58

8 PR_CB_MKJ_TS_8 67.5 2519296 3.5 8.82 12 PO_CB_MKJ_TS_8 68 4131063 4 16.52

9 PR_CB_MKJ_TS_9 67.5 7896935 3.5 27.64 13 PO_CB_MKJ_TS_9A 68 621756.5 4 2.49

14 PO_CB_MKJ_TS_9B 65 5227399 4 20.91

10 PR_CB_MKJ_TS_10 61.5 903302.8 3.5 3.16 15 PO_CB_MKJ_TS_10 62 1139962 4 4.56

11 PR_CB_MKJ_TS_11 59.5 3397138 3.5 11.89 16 PO_CB_MKJ_TS_11 60 3472365 4 13.89

12 PR_CB_MKJ_TS_12 58.5 3668025 3.5 12.84 17 PO_CB_MKJ_TS_12 59 4370828 4 17.48

Estimation of Sand Resources in Torsa River

1 PR_CB_CB2_TR_1 49.5 413246.8 3.5 1.45 1 PO_CB_CB2_TR_1 50 414323.2 4 1.66

2 PR_CB_CB2_TR_2 47.5 720707.1 3.5 2.52 2 PO_CB_CB2_TR_2 48 626922.9 4 2.51

3 PR_CB_CB2_TR_3 46.5 287680.4 3.5 1.01 3 PO_CB_CB2_TR_3 47 185249.7 4 0.74

4 PR_CB_CB2_TR_4 46.5 339819.2 3.5 1.19 4 PO_CB_CB2_TR_4 47 353272.2 4 1.41

5 PR_CB_CB2_TR_5 46.5 141431.7 3.5 0.5 5 PO_CB_CB2_TR_5 47 202243.7 4 0.81

6 PR_CB_CB2_TR_6 45.5 355746.7 3.5 1.25 6 PO_CB_CB2_TR_6 46 509587.4 4 2.04

7 PR_CB_CB2_TR_7 45.5 440686.4 3.5 1.54 7 PO_CB_CB2_TR_7 46 542559.2 4 2.17

8 PR_CB_CB2_TR_8 44.5 533467.4 3.5 1.87 8 PO_CB_CB2_TR_8 45 316084.9 4 1.26

9 PR_CB_CB2_TR_9 43.5 258044 3.5 0.9 9 PO_CB_CB2_TR_9 44 312027.8 4 1.25

10 PR_CB_CB2_TR_10 43.5 334356.1 3.5 1.17 10 PO_CB_CB2_TR_10 44 317060.8 4 1.27 Page 69 of 95 Work Order No: MDTC/PM-5/160/66, Dated: 20.01.2020

District Survey Report Coochbehar, West Bengal

Pre monsoon period Post monsoon period

Sand Sand S Sand Sand RL Area in Volume S L RL Area in Volume L Sand Bar_Code Thickness Sand Bar_Code Thickness (m) sq.m in M. No (m) sq.m in M. No in m. in m. Cum Cum

11 PR_CB_CB2_TR_11 43.5 323897.4 3.5 1.13 11 PO_CB_CB2_TR_11 44 149591.1 4 0.6

12 PR_CB_CB2_TR_12 43.5 29226.93 3.5 0.1 12 PO_CB_CB2_TR_12 44 142136.7 4 0.57

13 PR_CB_CB2_TR_13 46.5 593569.7 3.5 2.08 13 PO_CB_CB2_TR_13 47 580268.3 4 2.32

14 PR_CB_CB2_TR_14 46.5 493801 3.5 1.73 14 PO_CB_CB2_TR_14 47 453892 4 1.82

15 PR_CB_CB2_TR_15 43.5 291047.7 3.5 1.02 15 PO_CB_CB2_TR_15 44 230504.5 4 0.92

16 PR_CB_CB2_TR_16 41.5 313526.2 3.5 1.1 16 PO_CB_CB2_TR_16 42 227419.8 4 0.91

17 PR_CB_CB2_TR_17 40.5 808485.1 3.5 2.83 17 PO_CB_CB2_TR_17 41 800868.5 4 3.2

18 PR_CB_CB2_TR_18 41.5 361791.3 3.5 1.27 18 PO_CB_CB2_TR_18 42 273403.7 4 1.09

19 PR_CB_CB2_TR_19 39.5 220648.4 3.5 0.77 19 PO_CB_CB2_TR_19 40 223125.5 4 0.89

20 PR_CB_CB2_TR_20 39.5 361531.2 3.5 1.27 20 PO_CB_CB2_TR_20 40 346089.2 4 1.38

21 PR_CB_CB1_TR_21A 39.5 241707.6 3.5 0.85 21 PO_CB_CB1_TR_21 40 410968.6 4 1.64

22 PR_CB_CB1_TR_21B 39.5 118022.5 3.5 0.41

23 PR_CB_CB1_TR_22 38.5 614587.5 3.5 2.15 22 PO_CB_CB1_TR_22 39 786108.3 4 3.14

24 PR_CB_CB1_TR_23 38.5 279762.1 3.5 0.98 23 PO_CB_CB1_TR_23 39 183431.2 4 0.73

25 PR_CB_CB1_TR_24 37.5 190440.6 3.5 0.67 24 PO_CB_CB1_TR_24 38 250419.7 4 1

26 PR_CB_CB1_TR_25 36.5 619862.9 3.5 2.17 25 PO_CB_CB1_TR_25 37 547403.3 4 2.19

27 PR_CB_CB1_TR_26A 35.5 956207.1 3.5 3.35 26 PO_CB_CB1_TR_26 36 1312789 4 5.25

28 PR_CB_CB1_TR_26B 35.5 190552.6 3.5 0.67

29 PR_CB_CB1_TR_26C 35.5 341944.6 3.5 1.2

30 PR_CB_CB1_TR_27A 33.5 726115.9 3.5 2.54 27 PO_CB_CB1_TR_27 34 698342.5 4 2.79

31 PR_CB_CB1_TR_27B 32.5 297743.7 3.5 1.04

32 PR_CB_CB1_TR_28 32.5 496262.8 3.5 1.74 28 PO_CB_CB1_TR_28 33 654361.2 4 2.62

33 PR_CB_CB1_TR_29 31.5 386210.3 3.5 1.35 29 PO_CB_CB1_TR_29 32 443233.3 4 1.77

34 PR_CB_TG1_TR_30 31.5 238241.4 3.5 0.83 30 PO_CB_TG1_TR_30 32 137208.7 4 0.55

35 PR_CB_TG1_TR_31 31.5 229279.8 3.5 0.8 31 PO_CB_TG1_TR_31 32 225262 4 0.9

36 PR_CB_TG1_TR_32 31.5 435820.8 3.5 1.53 32 PO_CB_TG1_TR_32 32 653818.2 4 2.62

37 PR_CB_TG1_TR_33 31.5 1492975 3.5 5.23 33 PO_CB_TG1_TR_33 32 1206187 4 4.82

38 PR_CB_TG1_TR_34 33.5 185862.3 3.5 0.65 34 PO_CB_TG1_TR_34 34 196096.9 4 0.78

39 PR_CB_TG1_TR_35 31.5 970988.6 3.5 3.4 35 PO_CB_TG1_TR_35 32 906511.4 4 3.63

40 PR_CB_TG1_TR_36 31.5 1207979 3.5 4.23 36 PO_CB_TG1_TR_36 32 1029085 4 4.12

41 PR_CB_DH2_TR_37 31.5 141159.1 3.5 0.49 37 PO_CB_DN2_TR_37 32 145080.4 4 0.58

42 PR_CB_TG1_TR_38 31.5 483941.7 3.5 1.69 38 PO_CB_TG1_TR_38 32 524268.4 4 2.1

43 PR_CB_TG1_TR_39 31.5 1202449 3.5 4.21 39 PO_CB_TG1_TR_39 32 1180973 4 4.72

44 PR_CB_TG1_TR_40 29.5 286018.7 3.5 1 40 PO_CB_TG1_TR_40 30 241781.8 4 0.97

45 PR_CB_TG1_TR_41 29.5 147791.8 3.5 0.52 41 PO_CB_TG1_TR_41 30 45103.76 4 0.18

46 PR_CB_TG1_TR_42 29.5 558915.3 3.5 1.96 42 PO_CB_TG1_TR_42 30 480955 4 1.92

Estimation of Sand Resources in Sutugna River

1 PR_CB_MKJ_SN_1 68.5 32391.86 3 0.1 1 PO_CB_MKJ_SN_1 69 25686.19 3.5 0.09 Page 70 of 95 Work Order No: MDTC/PM-5/160/66, Dated: 20.01.2020

District Survey Report Coochbehar, West Bengal

Pre monsoon period Post monsoon period

Sand Sand S Sand Sand RL Area in Volume S L RL Area in Volume L Sand Bar_Code Thickness Sand Bar_Code Thickness (m) sq.m in M. No (m) sq.m in M. No in m. in m. Cum Cum

2 PR_CB_MKJ_SN_2 68.5 45585.56 3 0.14 2 PO_CB_MKJ_SN_2 69 41372.2 3.5 0.14

3 PR_CB_MKJ_SN_3 68.5 29401.53 3 0.09 3 PO_CB_MKJ_SN_3 69 29575.68 3.5 0.1

4 PR_CB_MKJ_SN_4 67.5 55524.73 3 0.17 4 PO_CB_MKJ_SN_4 68 56162.35 3.5 0.2

5 PR_CB_MKJ_SN_5A 67.5 9698.55 3 0.03 5 PO_CB_MKJ_SN_5 68 32865.39 3.5 0.12

6 PR_CB_MKJ_SN_5B 67.5 13503.2 3 0.04 3.5 0

7 PR_CB_MKJ_SN_6 63.5 28281.28 3 0.08 6 PO_CB_MKJ_SN_6 64 12309.75 3.5 0.04

8 PR_CB_MKJ_SN_7 63.5 30561.93 3 0.09 7 PO_CB_MKJ_SN_7A 64 15816.87 3.5 0.06

3 0 8 PO_CB_MKJ_SN_7B 64 25689.32 3.5 0.09

9 PR_CB_MKJ_SN_8 62.5 10409.99 3 0.03 9 PO_CB_MKJ_SN_8 63 14416.61 3.5 0.05

10 PR_CB_MKJ_SN_9 61.5 9796.17 3 0.03 10 PO_CB_MKJ_SN_9 62 26610.86 3.5 0.09

11 PR_CB_MKJ_SN_10 60.5 26208.58 3 0.08 11 PO_CB_MKJ_SN_10 61 20737.12 3.5 0.07

12 PR_CB_MKJ_SN_11 60.5 16521.79 3 0.05 12 PO_CB_MKJ_SN_11 61 38912.88 3.5 0.14

13 PR_CB_MKJ_SN_12 60.5 73367.9 3 0.22 13 PO_CB_MKJ_SN_12 61 18072.17 3.5 0.06

14 PR_CB_MKJ_SN_13 59.5 28454.64 3 0.09 14 PO_CB_MKJ_SN_13 60 41125.45 3.5 0.14

15 PR_CB_MKJ_SN_14 54.5 33446.93 3 0.1 15 PO_CB_MKJ_SN_14 55 31659.96 3.5 0.11

16 PR_CB_MKJ_SN_15 54.5 43241.31 3 0.13 16 PO_CB_MKJ_SN_15 55 30508.53 3.5 0.11

17 PR_CB_MTB1_SN_16 54.5 29367.74 3 0.09 17 PO_CB_MTB1_SN_16 55 31505.36 3.5 0.11

18 PR_CB_MTB1_SN_17 54.5 39102.33 3 0.12 18 PO_CB_MTB1_SN_17 55 36152.54 3.5 0.13

19 PR_CB_MTB1_SN_18 54.5 77108.56 3 0.23 19 PO_CB_MTB1_SN_18 55 77334.67 3.5 0.27

20 PR_CB_MTB1_SN_19 53.5 11240.5 3 0.03 20 PO_CB_MTB1_SN_19 54 14234.56 3.5 0.05

21 PR_CB_MTB1_SN_20 53.5 17875.85 3 0.05 21 PO_CB_MTB1_SN_20 54 26552.91 3.5 0.09

22 PR_CB_MTB1_SN_21 53.5 23294.43 3 0.07 22 PO_CB_MTB1_SN_21 54 16547.17 3.5 0.06

23 PR_CB_MTB1_SN_22 53.5 61817.86 3 0.19 23 PO_CB_MTB1_SN_22 54 49653.33 3.5 0.17

24 PR_CB_MTB1_SN_23 52.5 23861.58 3 0.07 24 PO_CB_MTB1_SN_23 53 23114.87 3.5 0.08

25 PR_CB_MTB1_SN_24 52.5 18422.39 3 0.06 25 PO_CB_MTB1_SN_24 53 14543.56 3.5 0.05

26 PR_CB_MTB1_SN_25 50.5 19852.3 3 0.06 26 PO_CB_MTB1_SN_25 51 20836.74 3.5 0.07

27 PR_CB_MTB1_SN_26 50.5 49645.24 3 0.15 27 PO_CB_MTB1_SN_26 51 38752.81 3.5 0.14

28 PR_CB_MTB1_SN_27 50.5 12329.08 3 0.04 28 PO_CB_MTB1_SN_27 51 11830.7 3.5 0.04

29 PR_CB_MTB1_SN_28 49.5 27754.33 3 0.08 29 PO_CB_MTB1_SN_28 50 23035.12 3.5 0.08

30 PR_CB_MTB1_SN_29 49.5 16338.03 3 0.05 30 PO_CB_MTB1_SN_29 50 10784.84 3.5 0.04

31 PR_CB_MTB1_SN_30 49.5 47864.9 3 0.14 31 PO_CB_MTB1_SN_30 50 38107.36 3.5 0.13

32 PR_CB_MTB1_SN_31 48.5 90793.38 3 0.27 32 PO_CB_MTB1_SN_31 49 71837.67 3.5 0.25

33 PR_CB_MTB1_SN_32 48.5 36924.13 3 0.11 33 PO_CB_MTB1_SN_32 49 29559.38 3.5 0.1

34 PR_CB_MTB1_SN_33 48.5 120748.2 3 0.36 34 PO_CB_MTB1_SN_33 49 114732 3.5 0.4

35 PR_CB_MTB1_SN_34 48.5 119138.4 3 0.36 35 PO_CB_MTB1_SN_34 49 111896.7 3.5 0.39

36 PR_CB_MTB1_SN_35 47.5 128957.6 3 0.39 36 PO_CB_MTB1_SN_35 48 70428.18 3.5 0.25

37 PR_CB_MTB1_SN_36 47.5 139740.4 3 0.42 37 PO_CB_MTB1_SN_36 48 119563.6 3.5 0.42

38 PR_CB_MTB1_SN_37 47.5 85216.32 3 0.26 38 PO_CB_MTB1_SN_37 48 81878.26 3.5 0.29 Page 71 of 95 Work Order No: MDTC/PM-5/160/66, Dated: 20.01.2020

District Survey Report Coochbehar, West Bengal

Pre monsoon period Post monsoon period

Sand Sand S Sand Sand RL Area in Volume S L RL Area in Volume L Sand Bar_Code Thickness Sand Bar_Code Thickness (m) sq.m in M. No (m) sq.m in M. No in m. in m. Cum Cum

39 PR_CB_MTB1_SN_38 47.5 90747.76 3 0.27 39 PO_CB_MTB1_SN_38 48 89430.1 3.5 0.31

40 PR_CB_MTB1_SN_39 47.5 29209.99 3 0.09 40 PO_CB_MTB1_SN_39 48 22725.27 3.5 0.08

41 PR_CB_MTB1_SN_40 47.5 53385.67 3 0.16 41 PO_CB_MTB1_SN_40 48 55503.12 3.5 0.19

Estimation of Sand Resources in Sankosh / Gadadhar River

1 PR_CB_TG2_SH_1 47.5 58672.13 3 0.18 1 PO_CB_TG2_SH_1A 48 26917.77 3.5 0.09

2 PO_CB_TG2_SH_1B 48 29777.37 3.5 0.1

2 PR_CB_TG2_SH_2 47.5 152655.3 3 0.46 3 PO_CB_TG2_SH_2 48 148168.7 3.5 0.52

3 PR_CB_TG2_SH_3 47.5 97442.22 3 0.29 4 PO_CB_TG2_SH_3 48 89408.74 3.5 0.31

4 PR_CB_TG2_SH_4 42.5 142368.2 3 0.43 5 PO_CB_TG2_SH_4 43 124380.3 3.5 0.44

5 PR_CB_TG2_SH_5 39.5 69300.01 3 0.21 6 PO_CB_TG2_SH_5 40 73577.25 3.5 0.26

6 PR_CB_TG2_SH_6 39.5 87393.88 3 0.26 7 PO_CB_TG2_SH_6 40 92446.52 3.5 0.32

7 PR_CB_TG2_SH_7 37.5 197021.5 3 0.59 8 PO_CB_TG2_SH_7A 38 48844.33 3.5 0.17

9 PO_CB_TG2_SH_7B 38 77146.03 3.5 0.27

10 PO_CB_TG2_SH_7C 38 61429.27 3.5 0.22

8 PR_CB_TG2_SH_8 39.5 66939.23 3 0.2 11 PO_CB_TG2_SH_8 40 57330.93 3.5 0.2

9 PR_CB_TG2_SH_9 39.5 128906.5 3 0.39 12 PO_CB_TG2_SH_9 40 87691.29 3.5 0.31

10 PR_CB_TG2_SH_10 39.5 239824.9 3 0.72 13 PO_CB_TG2_SH_10 40 125946.3 3.5 0.44

11 PR_CB_TG2_SH_11 36.5 211631.8 3 0.63 14 PO_CB_TG2_SH_11 37 251631.8 3.5 0.88

12 PR_CB_TG2_SH_12 36.5 342265.2 3 1.03 15 PO_CB_TG2_SH_12 37 340277.3 3.5 1.19

13 PR_CB_TG2_SH_13 36.5 259403.4 3 0.78 16 PO_CB_TG2_SH_13 37 278693.2 3.5 0.98

Estimation of Sand Resources in Raidak I & II River

1 PR_CB_TG1_RD_1 36.5 31984.54 3 0.1 1 PO_CB_TG1_RD_1 37 39027.32 3.5 0.14

2 PR_CB_TG1_RD_2 36.5 48518.13 3 0.15 2 PO_CB_TG1_RD_2 37 35393.22 3.5 0.12

3 PR_CB_TG1_RD_3 36.5 71868.07 3 0.22 3 PO_CB_TG1_RD_3 37 83199.92 3.5 0.29

4 PR_CB_TG1_RD_4 35.5 51654.49 3 0.15 4 PO_CB_TG1_RD_4 36 20749.79 3.5 0.07

5 PR_CB_TG1_RD_5 35.5 42029.63 3 0.13 5 PO_CB_TG1_RD_5 36 58053.23 3.5 0.2

6 PR_CB_TG1_RD_6 35.5 34666.99 3 0.1 6 PO_CB_TG1_RD_6 36 26068 3.5 0.09

7 PR_CB_TG1_RD_7 35.5 33589.35 3 0.1 7 PO_CB_TG1_RD_7 36 38070.74 3.5 0.13

8 PR_CB_TG1_RD_8 34.5 28779.12 3 0.09 8 PO_CB_TG1_RD_8 35 29519.59 3.5 0.1

9 PR_CB_TG1_RD_9 34.5 45702.69 3 0.14 9 PO_CB_TG1_RD_9 35 88320.35 3.5 0.31

10 PR_CB_TG1_RD_10 34.5 61878.12 3 0.19 10 PO_CB_TG1_RD_10 35 39217.18 3.5 0.14

11 PR_CB_TG1_RD_11 34.5 25677.4 3 0.08 11 PO_CB_TG1_RD_11 35 11717.51 3.5 0.04

12 PR_CB_TG1_RD_12 34.5 19786.78 3 0.06 12 PO_CB_TG1_RD_12 35 21141.94 3.5 0.07

13 PR_CB_TG1_RD_13 33.5 48337.57 3 0.15 13 PO_CB_TG1_RD_13 34 26939.32 3.5 0.09

14 PR_CB_TG1_RD_14 33.5 194790 3 0.58 14 PO_CB_TG1_RD_14A 34 30442.35 3.5 0.11

15 PO_CB_TG1_RD_14B 34 37180.01 3.5 0.13

15 PR_CB_TG2_RD_15 33.5 51993.51 3 0.16 16 PO_CB_TG2_RD_15 34 54269.62 3.5 0.19

16 PR_CB_TG2_RD_16 33.5 40536.31 3 0.12 17 PO_CB_TG2_RD_16 34 33039.9 3.5 0.12 Page 72 of 95 Work Order No: MDTC/PM-5/160/66, Dated: 20.01.2020

District Survey Report Coochbehar, West Bengal

Pre monsoon period Post monsoon period

Sand Sand S Sand Sand RL Area in Volume S L RL Area in Volume L Sand Bar_Code Thickness Sand Bar_Code Thickness (m) sq.m in M. No (m) sq.m in M. No in m. in m. Cum Cum

17 PR_CB_TG2_RD_17 33.5 77330.38 3 0.23 18 PO_CB_TG2_RD_17 34 74064.36 3.5 0.26

18 PR_CB_TG2_RD_18 33.5 52375.29 3 0.16 19 PO_CB_TG2_RD_18 34 48254.67 3.5 0.17

19 PR_CB_TG1_RD_19 31.5 93791.75 3 0.28 20 PO_CB_TG1_RD_19 32 68538.31 3.5 0.24

20 PR_CB_TG1_RD_20 31.5 174847.5 3 0.52 21 PO_CB_TG1_RD_20 32 163078.4 3.5 0.57

21 PR_CB_TG1_RD_21 30.5 53053.98 3 0.16 22 PO_CB_TG1_RD_21 31 25586.97 3.5 0.09

22 PR_CB_TG1_RD_22 30.5 49028.53 3 0.15 23 PO_CB_TG1_RD_22 31 52562.07 3.5 0.18

23 PR_CB_TG2_RD_23 31.5 24497.05 3 0.07 24 PO_CB_TG2_RD_23 32 28642.16 3.5 0.1

24 PR_CB_TG2_RD_24 31.5 48178.76 3 0.14 25 PO_CB_TG2_RD_24 32 43299.15 3.5 0.15

25 PR_CB_TG2_RD_25 31.5 53228.14 3 0.16 26 PO_CB_TG2_RD_25 32 45155.4 3.5 0.16

26 PR_CB_TG1_RD_26 31.5 62685.65 3 0.19 27 PO_CB_TG1_RD_26 32 53235.47 3.5 0.19

27 PR_CB_TG2_RD_27 31.5 43503.4 3 0.13 28 PO_CB_TG2_RD_27 32 40148.53 3.5 0.14

28 PR_CB_TG2_RD_28 31.5 49900.5 3 0.15 29 PO_CB_TG2_RD_28 32 42808.24 3.5 0.15

29 PR_CB_TG1_RD_29 30.5 51559.75 3 0.15 30 PO_CB_TG1_RD_29 31 52856.11 3.5 0.18

30 PR_CB_TG1_RD_30 30.5 54632.25 3 0.16 31 PO_CB_TG1_RD_30 31 34936.28 3.5 0.12

31 PR_CB_TG1_RD_31 30.5 64770.2 3 0.19 32 PO_CB_TG1_RD_31 31 71619.21 3.5 0.25

32 PR_CB_TG1_RD_32 30.5 53757.29 3 0.16 33 PO_CB_TG1_RD_32 31 53810.86 3.5 0.19

33 PR_CB_TG1_RD_33 30.5 58863.82 3 0.18 34 PO_CB_TG1_RD_33 31 67663.51 3.5 0.24

34 PR_CB_TG1_RD_34 30.5 90256.75 3 0.27 35 PO_CB_TG1_RD_34 31 70497.9 3.5 0.25

35 PR_CB_TG1_RD_35 30.5 112777.5 3 0.34 36 PO_CB_TG1_RD_35 31 133634.7 3.5 0.47

36 PR_CB_TG1_RD_36 32.5 81981.59 3 0.25 37 PO_CB_TG1_RD_36 33 75221.57 3.5 0.26

37 PR_CB_TG1_RD_37 29.5 65603.88 3 0.2 38 PO_CB_TG1_RD_37 30 44598.8 3.5 0.16

38 PR_CB_TG1_RD_38 26.5 86219.24 3 0.26 39 PO_CB_TG1_RD_38 27 91934.84 3.5 0.32

39 PR_CB_TG2_RD2_1 42.5 437342.9 3 1.31 40 PO_CB_TG2_RD2_1 43 425907.9 3.5 1.49

40 PR_CB_TG2_RD2_2 41.5 472654.7 3 1.42 41 PO_CB_TG2_RD2_2 42 390172.3 3.5 1.37

41 PR_CB_TG2_RD2_3 40.5 193353.1 3 0.58 42 PO_CB_TG2_RD2_3 41 193890.3 3.5 0.68

42 PR_CB_TG2_RD2_4 40.5 385546.1 3 1.16 43 PO_CB_TG2_RD2_4 41 359138.7 3.5 1.26

43 PR_CB_TG2_RD2_5 39.5 782078.5 3 2.35 44 PO_CB_TG2_RD2_5 40 737920.5 3.5 2.58

44 PR_CB_TG2_RD2_6A 38.5 90859.87 3 0.27 45 PO_CB_TG2_RD2_6 39 203296.4 3.5 0.71

45 PR_CB_TG2_RD2_6B 38.5 197935.4 3 0.59

46 PR_CB_TG2_RD2_7 37.5 806658 3 2.42 46 PO_CB_TG2_RD2_7 38 879337.7 3.5 3.08

47 PR_CB_TG2_RD2_8 37.5 406198.2 3 1.22 47 PO_CB_TG2_RD2_8 38 393217 3.5 1.38

Maps showing distribution of sand bars on rivers of the Coochbehar district during Pre and Post monsoon are depicted in Plate-2A & 2B respectively.

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District Survey Report Coochbehar, West Bengal

Table 7.4: Sediment load comparison between Pre and Post Monsoon period for different rivers of Coochbehar district

Pre- Post- Post- Monsoon Monsoon Volume Pre- Monsoon Monsoon River Name Sediment Sediment Difference Difference % no of sand bar no of Load Load (Mcum) sand bar (Mcum) (Mcum) Kaljani River 9 9 6.16 7.76 1.606 26% Dharla River 42 42 6.09 7.16 1.067 18% Jaldhaka River 92 103 185.43 215.97 30.540 16% Teesta River 12 17 91.48 106.68 15.201 17% Torsa River 46 42 72.32 77.86 5.542 8% Sutugna River 41 41 5.57 5.82 0.246 4% Sankosh River 13 16 6.16 6.70 0.536 9% Raidak I & II 47 47 18.32 19.73 1.409 8% River Total 302 317 373.210 427.948 54.738 15%

Thus, in Coochbehar district, about 54.738 Million cum of sand has been found as an incremental volume when compared between pre and post monsoon sand reserve data. Percentage of difference comes to about 115%. Considering the quantum of sand accumulated in the year during monsoon, and also considering mining activity (@15%), a replenishment and aggradation rate for the year comes to about 97.75%.

Total production target of Coochbehar District is 2.32 Mcum. as per approved Mining Plans. vi) Total potential of minor mineral in the river bed The major sand producing rivers of the Coochbehar district are Jadhaka, Dharla, Torsa, Raidak, Kaljani, Sankosh and Teesta. The total potential of minor mineral in the riverbed is 269.54 mcum.

B. Geological studies i) Lithology of the catchment area The district forms the part of North Bengal Plains. North Bengal plains start from the south of Terai region and continue up to the left bank of the Ganges. The district is entirely underlain by Quaternary alluvium laid down by the South-flowing mountainous streams and rivers. The alluvial sediments are characterized by intercalations of gravel, coarse to fine sand and silt with occasional clay horizons covered by black prairie soil.

ii) Tectonics and structural behavior of rocks The district falls under the Seismic Zone IV and V, indicating very prone to the earthquakes. Western part of the district fall under Zone IV and eastern part in Zone V.

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However, no major earth quake event has been recorded with its epicenter in the district. Many earthquake shocks experienced in the district have been recorded.

C. Climate Factors i) Intensity of rainfall

The South-West monsoon causes heavy to very heavy rainfall in the district which often crosses the mark of 2500 millimeter per annum. The highest rainfall usually occurs in the months of June to August, ranging from around 600 millimeter to more than 800 millimeter in a single month. Pre-monsoon rain starts from end of April, often extending till end October. The intensity of rainfall due to depressions sometimes becomes very great and may cause enhanced soil erosion in the district

ii) Climate zone

The sub-tropical climatic prevails in District Coochbehar. The region under the influence of South-West Monsoon experiences five seasons. Winter is longer ranging from November to mid-February followed by a short spring of about a month span. Summer starts from mid- March till the arrival of Monsoon (rainy season) which is the longest season usually spanning from June to first week of October. Till November lasts the autumn and sporadic rainfall from retreating South-West monsoon occurs in isolated locations.

iii) Temperature variation

The temperature in the Coochbehar district varies from 80C in January to 370C in August. During the summer, the maximum temperature usually touches 36 to 37 degree Celsius but the month of occurrence varies from March to August. The lowest temperature is generally reached in January or February touching 5 to 7 degree Celsius.

Table 7.5: Annual deposition of Riverbed minerals

Average width Mineable mineral Portion of the Length of area Area of area potential (in river stream recommended recommended for recommended million cubic S.No. River or Stream recommended for mineral mineral for mineral meter) (60% of for mineral concession (in concession (in sq. concession (in total mineral concession meter) m) meters) potential 1 Teesta River 49.34% 20,800.00 1282.17 2,66,69,185.77 64.006

2 Dharla River 36.70% 28,500.00 60.02 17,10,677.40 3.592

3 Sutugna River 25.56% 43,000.00 38.65 16,62,062.12 3.490

4 Jaldhaka River 46.20% 84,500.00 639.96 5,40,76,574.36 129.784

5 Torsa River 40.08% 57,000.00 341.51 1,94,66,019.17 46.718 Page 75 of 95 Work Order No: MDTC/PM-5/160/66, Dated: 20.01.2020

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Average width Mineable mineral Portion of the Length of area Area of area potential (in river stream recommended recommended for recommended million cubic S.No. River or Stream recommended for mineral mineral for mineral meter) (60% of for mineral concession (in concession (in sq. concession (in total mineral concession meter) m) meters) potential 6 Kaljani River 21.78% 28,000.00 79.22 22,18,245.66 4.658

7 Raidak River 24.55% 41,000.00 45.55 18,67,497.41 3.922

8 Raidak II River 45.82% 12,000.00 285.24 34,22,880.76 7.188

9 Sankosh River 63.22% 5,500.00 534.99 29,42,464.55 6.179 Total for the 3,20,300.00 3307.32 11,40,35,607.21 269.538 District

Sand bar area recommended for mineral concession in the above table is being calculated as per the Enforcement & Monitoring Guidelines for Sand Mining (EMGSM) 2020. As per guidelines, mining depth restricted to 3 meters depth and distance from the bank is ¼th of river width and not be less than 7.5 meters. Also mining is prohibitated up to a distance of 1 kilometre (1 km) from major bridges and highways on both sides, or five times (5x) of the span (x) of a bridge/public civil structure (including water intake points) on up-stream side and ten times (10x) the span of such bridge on down-stream side, subjected to a minimum of 250 meters on the upstream side and 500 meters on the downstream side.

III. Riverbed Mineral Potential

Huge quantities of quality sands are found to occur in part of Teesta, Jaldhaka, Torsa, Raidak, Sankosh & Kaljani etc. rivers. Smaller patches are also available locally in the other smaller rivers as well.

Table 7.6: Resources of Potential Riverbed Mineral

Total Mineable, Boulder (Cubic Pebbles/Gravel (Cubic Sand/White sand Mineral Potential meter) meter) (Cubic meter) (Cubic meter) 5.391 8.086 256.061 269.538

Table 7.7: Potential Zone of Riverbed Mineral

COORDINATE Area within prohibited S RIVER zone as per r RIVER BLOCK AREA ZONE MOUZA NAME JL NO rule 3 of N NAME NAME LATITU LONGI (SQM) WBMMC o DE TUDE Rules, 2016 (sq.m) Uttar Basarajbala, Uttar 023, 028, TEESTA 540489 ZONE 88°49'0. 1 HALDIBARI Baksiganj, Dakshin 038, 005, 26°23'36.4 74,05,846 RIVER 09 1 235"E & Nijtaraf, Bakshiganj, 031, 032, 81"N

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COORDINATE Area within prohibited S RIVER zone as per r RIVER BLOCK AREA ZONE MOUZA NAME JL NO rule 3 of N NAME NAME LATITU LONGI (SQM) WBMMC o DE TUDE Rules, 2016 (sq.m) MEKLIGAN Khasbas, Bibiganj, Purba 043, 045, J Bakshiganj, Uttar Daribas, 056, Nijtaraf, Kamat 059,099, Bandi,Dakshin Daribas, 091, 097, 26°15'5.17 88°58'5 Bara Nijtaraf,Paschim 113, 114, 9"N 4.582"E Bhotbari, Dakshin 117 Bhotbari, Dakshin Mekliganj, Kharkharia 26°26'53.8 88°55'0.

ZONE Changrabandha, 26"N 812"E MEKLIGAN 082, 111 56,399 2 Mekliganj 26°24'52.4 88°55'5 J 14"N 3.084"E DHARL 466062 Kharija Ratanpur, Abas 26°18'3.75 89°7'0.2 2 A 6 Ratanpur, Bara 110, 111, 6"N 79"E RIVER MATHABH ZONE Khalisamari, Jorpatki, 112, 189, ANGA-I & 2,73,264 3 PanaguriChengerkuthi 194,010, 26°15'45.9 89°15'30 SITALKUC Khalisamari, Chhota 011, 012 81"N .834"E HI Khalisamari,Jatamari Uttar Hemkumari, Dora 26°28'53. 88°57'16 Dabri, Deuti Khata, 027, 028, 001"N .836"E

ZONE Bhogjan, Shikarpur, Chhat 029, 049, MEKLIGAN 83,287 4 Jamaldaha, Chotta 048, 044, 26°26'1.68 89°2'16. J Jamaldaha, Jamal 046, 043 2"N 469"E SUTUG Dahahat 650243 3 NA Dhandhania, Chhota 26°26'36. 89°2'39. 0.96 RIVER Chhat Dhan Dhania, 034, 041, 05"N 149"E Chhat Khagribari, 040, 051, ZONE MATHABH Simulguri, Debottar 052, 054, 2,25,127 5 26°20'41.3 89°12'17 ANGA-I Panigram, Genduguri, 080, 079, 51"N .424"E Duaisuai, Gadalerkuthi, 121 Khaterbari Paschim Dhulia 26°32'28. 88°58'3. Baldiahati, Sarhati, Bara 025"N 143"E 014, 004, MEKLIGAN Dhulia Khalisa, 008, 010, ZONE J, Magurmari, Paschim 047, 058, 24,44,539 6 MATHABH Giladanga, Indrerkothi, 26°27'29.9 89°11'18. 060, 061, ANGA- I & Uttar Daibhangi, Mukul 19"N 878"E 062, 019 II Danga, Dewanbas, Phulbari Dewanbas Mahimer Kuthi, 89°11'21. Mathabhanga, Chhat 26°27'17.2 429"E Khaterbari, Bherbheri 125, 183, 45"N Manabari, Tekonia, Bara 122, 184, JALDH COOCH Panaguri , Shibpur, 185, 194, 1170515 4 AKA BEHAR-I, Ruidanga Pratham, 195, 126, 21.9 RIVER MATHABH Angarkata Khaterbari, 123, 182, ZONE ANGA- I , II Baraibari, Brahmottar 177, 023, 48,08,474 7 , Sonatali, Bhogdabri, 025, 181, 26°6'58.95 89°20'5 SITALKUC Chotta Salbari, Chhat 184, 186, 1"N 8.536"E HI & SITAI Chhedarjhar, Shibpur, 183, 001, Phuleswri, Chhedarjhar, 002, 009, Kajalikura, Natabari, 011, 016 Kismat Adabari, Bara Adabari, Silduar 26°7'10.85 89°21'12 Dakshin Singimari, ZONE SITAI & 019, 017, 7"N .17"E Sagardighi, Jarihallanadi, 39,05,530 8 DINHATA-I 134, 142, 25°59'58.0 89°28'2 Bhar Bandha 93"N 5.849"E TORSA 4857113 ZONE COOCH Bheladanga, Chhat 133, 129, 26°29'7.66 89°18'11. 5 3,54,871 RIVER 9.62 9 BEHAR - I & Guriahati, Putimari 001, 002, 3"N 264"E

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COORDINATE Area within prohibited S RIVER zone as per r RIVER BLOCK AREA ZONE MOUZA NAME JL NO rule 3 of N NAME NAME LATITU LONGI (SQM) WBMMC o DE TUDE Rules, 2016 (sq.m) II Baksibas, Basdaha 011, 064, Natibari, Salmara 037, 067, Tritiakhanda, Paschim 066, 079, 26°17'52.6 89°26'5 Chapaguri, Ichhamari 61"N 0.331"E Chapaguri, Kawalipara, Baldihati, Ghierhari Gudam Maharaniganj, 26°18'37.7 89°27'0. COOCH Ghugumari, Lankabar, 44"N 047"E 128, 131, BEHAR-I, Jhinaidanga, Dakshin 124, 123, ZONE TUFANGAN Ambari, Kunidanga, 121, 120, 7,16,004 10 J-I & Ghargharia Dwitia 26°13'3.69 89°37'56 118, 084, DINHATA- Khanda, Bhelakopa 2"N .461"E 088 II Pratham,Uttar Chhat Lotafela 26°12'32.4 89°40'2

ZONE 04"N 6.314"E TUFANGAN Balabhut 125 6,85,773 11 26°9'25.72 89°42'16 J-I 7"N .338"E COOCH Ambari, Bhuchungmari, 26°25'49.6 89°32'19 KALJA 129, 037, 1018520 ZONE BEHAR-II & Bhelapeta, Amlaguri 77"N .112"E 6 NI 039, 043, 11,04,195 8.4 12 TUFANGAN Dwitia Khanda, Chhatoa, 26°16'28.6 89°35'31 RIVER 042, 080, J-I Chhat Bhelakopa, 54"N .245"E Chikliguri, Dhalpal, 26°25'26.4 89°38'2 007, 008, RAIDH Guriarpar, Dwiparpar, 43"N 3.818"E 7605730 ZONE 030, 113, 7 AK TUFANGAN Rajarkuthi, Basraja 3,14,243 .933 13 123, 055, 26°12'30.3 89°42'5 RIVER J-I &II Pratham, Langalgram, 094, 109 48"N 8.744"E Begarkhata 26°27'27.4 89°45'4 RAIDH 7469833 ZONE Khagrabari, Madhurbhasa, 017, 018, 02"N 4.759"E 8 AK II TUFANGAN 5,38,215 .83 14 Takoamari, Mahiskuchi 025, 062 26°21'9.43 89°47'25 RIVER J-II 6"N .642"E 26°27'56.6 89°51'7.

ZONE 21"N 428"E TUFANGAN Najiran Deutikhanda 20 56,273 15 26°27'17.6 89°51'45 J-II SANKO 94"N .88"E 4654573 9 SH .605 26°24'7.94 89°51'8. RIVER ZONE Jaldhoa, Mahiskuchi, 023, 062, 4"N 092"E TUFANGAN 1,97,157 16 Phersabari 064 J-II 26°21'29.1 89°48'2 88"N 8.504"E

7.2.2 In-situ Minerals:

I. Mineral Reserve Mineral resources of the district are still not well established. There are no major mineral deposits occur in the district. II. Mineral Potential There is no major mineral of any economic importance. Table 7.8: In-situ Minerals Occurrences

Na Na Host Area Depth Wh Name of Miner Location of potential Area Infras me me rock of of of ethe land al mineralized zones with tructu of of miner miner miner r (whether reserv Admin M P Co- in re mi asso alizati alizati alizati virgi free for e istrativ ou lo ordi proh availa ner ciate on on on n or mining/fore (appro e za t nat ibite ble Page 78 of 95 Work Order No: MDTC/PM-5/160/66, Dated: 20.01.2020

District Survey Report Coochbehar, West Bengal

al d part st/agricultur ximate Block N es d near min ially al ) o. zone the eral exca menti s as miner s, if vate oning per alized any d grade rule zone 3(7) of WB MM C Rule s, 201 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil

7.3 Exploration Requirement of the district

The occurrences of sand in riverbed are mostly observed in the river Jadhaka, Torsa, Raidak, Teesta, Sankosh and other small rivers. This report also recommends to undertake detail exploration (G1 & G2 level) program to assess the mineral occurrences in the major rivers of the district and should have a proper development and production plan for the specified minerals.

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District Survey Report Coochbehar, West Bengal 8 Overview of mining activity in the district

8.1 General overview

Coochbehar district is not having any large mines. Collection of sand, stone from the river-bed and Brick-earth are the minor mineral sources of the district. These materials are primarily utilized for construction purpose.

8.2 List of existing mining leases of the districts

As per the data received from Department of Mines and Minerals, Siliguri, total 13 blocks have been allotted for mining of river sand in the district and 54 blocks have been allotted for mining of Brick-earth. Total allotted river-bed block area for 13 blocks is 32.91 Ha and estimated reserve is around 2326611.3 CuM. Area allotted for Brick-earth is 80.48 Ha and estimated reserve is around 863435.08 CuM. Revenue generated in the district of Coochbehar from Minor minerals in the FY 2019-20 is Rs. 5.96 Crores.

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Table 8.1: Details of mining leases of the districts

Name of Sl. Name of Mineral Name of Name of Area Date of Sub- Mouza Plot No. Latitude Longitude No. Applicants Commodity Block River (Hector) approval Division 1 Mr. Swapan Sand Coochbehar Kotwali Torsha Basdaha 301(P), 731(P) 260 24' 46.88'' N 890 20' 4.99" E 2.0500 30.11.2016 Sarkar Natabari 260 24' 42.78'' N 890 19' 58.26" E 2 Mr. Sand Tufanganj Boxirhat Sankosh Chhatvalka 1601 260 27' 45.07'' N 890 51' 30.21" E 5.0000 30.11.2016 Dhananjay 260 27' 41.23'' N 890 51' 25.29" E Barman 3 Mr. Mahesh Sand Tufanganj Boxirhat Raidak-II Mohishkuchi 1827 260 23' 49.93'' N 890 46' 11.84" E 2.9800 14.12.2016 Barman 260 23' 44.28'' N 890 46' 04.60" E

4 Mr. Shimal Sand Tufanganj Boxirhat Raidak Jaldhowa 4 260 25' 01.32' N 890 51' 30.21" E 4.3100 24.01.2017 Barman 260 24' 53.64'' N 890 51' 25.29" E 5 Mr. Dhaula Sand Tufanganj Boxirhat Raidak-II Madhurbhasha 301, 302 260 26' 14.09'' N 890 46' 0.02" E 4.8500 31.01.2017 Barman 260 26' 03.86'' N 890 45' 49.87" E 6 Suresh Sand Mathabhanga Mathabhanga Sutunga Bhogramguri 4001 260 25' 59.32 N 890 04' 20.92" E 1.2000 23.03.2017 Chandra 260 25' 51.16 N 890 04' 10.45" E Barman 7 Rafiuddin Sand Coochbehar Kotwali Torsha Harinchora 662(P) 260 17' 36.87 N 890 27' 50.32" E 5.0000 10.08.2017 Amed 260 17' 24.09 N 890 27' 35.54" E 8 Mr. Ganesh Sand Mathabhanga Mathabhanga Mansai Bherbhari 2002 (L.R.) 260 19' 36.47'' N 890 14' 25.33" E 1.2100 19.11.2018 Barman Manabari 260 19' 30.79'' N 890 14' 20.74" E 9 Mr. Jahangir Sand Mathabhanga Sitalkunchi Dharalar Mahishmuri 4488 (LR) 260 17' 23.64'' N 890 8' 12.03" E 0.2400 19.11.2018 Alam 260 17' 20.90'' N 890 8' 9.14" E 10 Mr. Afijul Sand Mekliganj Mekliganj Dharala Andaran 367 (L.R.) 260 26' 30.94'' N 890 55' 38.32" E 0.4700 19.11.2018 Mohammad Panishala 260 26' 26.75'' N 890 55' 36.61" E 11 Mr. Mukunda Sand Mathabhanga Ghoksadanga Jaldhaka Fulbari 13631(P) 260 28' 32.90'' N 890 07' 30.27" E 3.1700 03.01.2019 Barman 260 28' 29.65'' N 890 07' 19.04" E 12 Bikash Sand Mathabhanga Mathabhanga Sutugna Bhogramguri 465(P) 260 26' 31.96'' N 890 02' 48.75" E 1.2000 04.03.2020 Chandra 260 26' 30.56'' N 890 02' 33.65" E Barman 13 Pawan Arora Sand & Stone Mekliganj Mekliganj Sutugna Jamaldahat 465 260 26' 18.00'' N 890 01' 49.07" E 1.2300 28.12.2017 260 26' 14.01'' N 890 01' 37.06" E

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District Survey Report Coochbehar, West Bengal

8.3 Detail of production of sand and other minerals during last three years

Table 8.1: Details of production of sand as per mine plan in Coochbehar district

Sl. No. Year Name of mineral Total Production

1 2017-2018 Not-Available Not-Available

2 2018-2019 Not-Available Not-Available

3 2019-2020 Not-Available Not-Available

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District Survey Report Coochbehar, West Bengal

9 Details of revenue generated from mineral sector during last three years

Table 9.1: District revenue generation from mineral sector

(In Crores) Land Revenue and Year Minor Minerals Total revenue Cess

2017-2018 Not-Available Not-Available Not-Available 2018-2019 Not-Available Not-Available Not-Available 2019-20 1.05 5.96 7.01

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District Survey Report Coochbehar, West Bengal

10 Transport (Railway, road)

Local transport infrastructure is critical in mineral transport point of view of Coochbehar district. The district physiography is dominated by flat terrain.

Being a riverine county, construction of Railways and structured Road-Networks require building many Bridges and flyovers across the water bodies, inducing larger expenditure. Thus, till date not all Sub-Divisional Head Quarters are well connected through Railway network from the district Head Quarter and the State Capital.

New Coochbehar Railway station near Coochbehar (M) town is the most important station in the district and is well connected to Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore, Chennai, Gauhati beside Kolkata. The station came up in 1966 when Assam link was constructed through North Bengal. Now this station lies on New Jalpaiguri–New Bongaigaon section of Barauni-Guwahati line. Coochbehar (old), Pundibari, Tufangunj, Baxirhat, Haldibari etc. are other important Railway Stations in the district and are connected through Broad Gauge and Metre Gauge railway networks.

Coochbehar Airport in its remodeled form is also scheduled to function in near future. The nearest airport is Bagdogra Airport near Siliguri located about 160 km from Coochbehar.

Coochbehar is very well connected by road with neighboring areas and other cities of West Bengal and rest of the country. Coochbehar is a major roadway junction after Siliguri towards Northeast India and Bangladesh. Different types of road networks are spread throughout the district – Metalled Road, Unmetalled Road, Cart Track, Pack Track etc. National Highway 31 and State Highway 12A passes through the district. Longest road networks are spread over C.D. Blocks Coochbehar-I, Coochbehar-II and Tufangunj-II. On the other hand, due to presence many small riverine areas, flood plains and waterbodies, the length of road networks are comparatively small in C.D. Blocks Haldibari, Sitai and Mathabhanga-I (Source: District census handbook 2011).

Existing minor mineral lease hold areas of the district are connected with the state highways by blacktop or village/link roads. However, there is scope for development of infrastructural structure. Mining of riverbed sand in the potential areas can generate considerable revenue and which can be utilized for development of road network & infrastructure of the sector.

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District Survey Report Coochbehar, West Bengal

Figure 10.1: Transportation map of Coochbehar District

(Source: National Information Centre)

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11 Remedial measure to mitigate the impact of Mining

11.1 Environmental Sensitivity

Coochbehar district covers a total area of 3387 sq km. Topographically the districts almost flat with a slight southeastern slope. Six river systems cut through the district flowing in a south-easterly direction. From the west to east these are the Teesta system, Jaldhaka system, Torsa, Kaljani, Raidak, Dharla and Sankosh system.

Coochbehar district is devoid of any wild life sanctuary, national park and eco sensitive areas. Forest cover area is also negligible.

The district is not exposed to large scale mining. Only riverbed sand and stone are being extracted and consumed in local market. Removal or extraction of too much sand from rivers leads to erosion shrinking of river banks. These destructive effects of sand mining ultimately results in loss of fertile land and property. It also destabilized the ground and causes the failure of engineering structures for civilization. In-stream mining directly alters the channel geometry and bed elevation. By removing sediment from the channel, in-stream material extraction disrupts the preexisting balance between sediment supply and transporting capacity, typically inducing incision upstream and downstream of the extraction site. The resultant incision alters the frequency of floodplain inundation along the river courses, lowers valley floor water tables and frequently leads to destruction of bridges and channelization structures. The sand mining from natural barriers, made up of sand, causes flooding of the natural habitat. The sand mining activity destroys the aesthetic beauty of river bank and makes the ecosystem unstable. If there are popular tourist destination, tourism potential of such areas will lose. Therefore, mining of riverbed should be carried out scientifically and based on statutory guidelines for conservation of land, river channels and sustainable development of the society.

It could be concluding that there has been little in depth research in to the environmental and social also political effect of land use practice and calls for urgent redressed by the competent authority.

11.2 Sand mining Impact

Another serious environmental problem around the globe in recent years is of Sand and gravel mining. Sand mining is a process of extraction of sand from an open pit, river bed, sea beaches, ocean floor, river banks, deltas and island dunes. The extracted sand could be utilised for various types of manufacturing, such as concrete used in the construction of building and other structures. The sand can also be used as an abrasive. The demand for sand increase as population grows also urbanization with time. The high level of demands have offer led to the use of unsustainable sand mining process for speedy urbanisation resulted in illegal mining.

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All though most jurisdictions have legal limit on the location and volume of sand that can be mined, illegal sand extraction is following in many parts of the country due to rapid urbanisation and industries.

Removal or extraction of too much sand from rivers leads to erosion shrinking of river banks. Deltas can recede due to sand mining. These destructive effects of sand mining ultimately results in loss of fertile land and property. It also destabilized the ground and causes the failure of engineering structures for civilization.

In-stream mining directly alters the channel geometry and bed elevation. By removing sediment from the channel, in-stream material extraction disrupts the preexisting balance between sediment supply and transporting capacity, typically inducing incision upstream and downstream of the extraction site. The resultant incision alters the frequency of floodplain inundation along the river courses, lowers valley floor water tables and frequently leads to destruction of bridges and channelization structures (Source: Wiejaczka2018).

Sand Mining in beaches disturbs the ecosystem of different fauna of the beaches. The sand mining from natural barriers, made up of sand, causes flooding of the natural habitat. The sand mining activity destroys the aesthetic beauty o beaches and river bank and makes the ecosystem unstable. If there are popular tourist destination, tourism potential of such areas will lose.

It could be concluding that there has been little in depth research in to the environmental and social also political effect of land use practice and calls for urgent redressed by the competent authority.

11.3 Remedial measure

11.3.1 Sustainable Mining Practices:

• The depth of mining in Riverbed shall not exceed one meter or water level whichever is less, provided that where the Joint Inspection Committee certifies about excessive deposit or over accumulation of mineral. • Mining shall be done in layers of 1 meter depth to avoid ponding effect and after first layer is excavated, the process will be repeated for the next layers. • No stream should be diverted for the purpose of sand mining. No natural water course and/ or water resources are obstructed due to mining operations. • No blasting shall be resorted to in River mining and without permission at any other place.

11.3.2 Monitoring the Mining of Mineral and its Transportation:

• For each mining lease site the access should be controlled in a way that vehicles carrying mineral from that area are tracked and accounted for. Page 87 of 95 Work Order No: MDTC/PM-5/160/66, Dated: 20.01.2020

District Survey Report Coochbehar, West Bengal

• There should be regular monitoring of the mining activities in the State to ensure effective compliance of stipulated EC conditions and of the provisions under the Minor Mineral Concessions Rules framed by the State Government.

11.3.3 Noise Management:

• Noise arising out of mining and processing shall be abated and controlled at source to keep within permissible limit. • Restricted sand mining operation has to be carried out between 6 am to 7 pm.

11.3.4 Air Pollution and Dust Management:

• The pollution due to transportation load on the environment will be effectively controlled and water sprinkling will also be done regularly. • Air Pollution due to dust, exhaust emission or fumes during mining and processing phase should be controlled and kept in permissible limits specified under environmental laws. • The mineral transportation shall be carried out through covered trucks only and the vehicles carrying the mineral shall not be overloaded. Wheel washing facility should be installed and used.

11.3.5 Bio-Diversity Protection:

• Restoration of flora affected by mining should be done immediately. Twice the number of trees destroyed by mining to be planted preferably of indigenous species. Each EC holder should plant and maintain for lease period at least 5 trees per hectare in area near lease. • No mining lease shall be granted in the forest area without forest clearance in accordance with the provisions of the Forest Conservation Act, 1980 and the rules made there under. • Protection of turtle and bird habitats shall be ensured. • No felling of tree near quarry is allowed. For mining lease within 10km of the National Park / Sanctuary or in Eco-Sensitive Zone of the Protected Area, recommendation of Standing Committee of National Board of Wild Life (NBWL) have to be obtained as per the Hon'ble Supreme Court order in I.A. No. 460 of 2004. • Spring sources should not be affected due to mining activities. Necessary Protection measures are to be incorporated.

11.3.6 Management of Instability and Erosion:

• Removal, stacking and utilization of top soil in mining are should be ensured. Where top soil cannot be used concurrently, it shall be stored separately for future

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District Survey Report Coochbehar, West Bengal

use keeping in view that the bacterial organism should not die and should be spread nearby area. • The EC should stipulate conditions for adequate steps to check soil erosion and control debris flow etc. by constructing engineering structures • Use of oversize material to control erosion and movement of sediments • No overhangs shall be allowed to be formed due to mining and mining shall not be allowed in area where subsidence of rocks is likely to occur due to steep angle of slope. • No extraction of stone / boulder / sand in landslide prone areas. • Controlled clearance of riparian vegetation to be undertaken.

11.3.7 Waste Management:

• Site clearance and tidiness is very much needed to have less visual impact of mining. • Dumping of waste shall be done in earmarked places as approved in Mining Plan. • Rubbish burial shall not be done in the Rivers.

11.3.8 Pollution Prevention:

• Take all possible precautions for the protection of environment and control of pollution. • Effluent discharge should be kept to the minimum and it should meet the standards prescribed.

11.3.9 Protection of Infrastructure:

• Mining activities shall not be done for mine lease where mining can cause danger to site of flood protection works, places of cultural, religious, historical, and archeological importance. • For carrying out mining in proximity to any bridge or embankment, appropriate safety zone should be worked out on case to case basis, taking into account the structural parameters, location aspects and flow rate, and no mining should be carried out in the safety zone so worked out. • Mining shall not be undertaken in a mining lease located in 200-500 meter of bridge, 200 meter upstream and downstream of water supply / irrigation scheme, 100 meters from the edge of National Highway and railway line, 50 meters from a reservoir, canal or building, 25 meter from the edge of State Highway and 10 meters from the edge of other roads except on special exemption by the Sub- Divisional level Joint Inspection Committee.

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District Survey Report Coochbehar, West Bengal 12 Suggested reclamation plan for already mined out areas

As per statute all mines/quarries are to be properly reclaimed before final closure of the mine. Reclamation plans should include:

a) A baseline survey consisting of existing condition cross-section data. Cross-sections must be surveyed between two monumented endpoints set back from the top of bank, and elevations should be referenced bench mark set;

b) The proposed mining cross-section data should be plotted over the baseline data to illustrate the vertical extent of the proposed excavation;

c) The cross-section of the replenished bar should be the same as the baseline data. This illustrates that the bar elevation after the bar is replenished will be the same as the bar before extraction;

d) A planimetric map showing the aerial extent of the excavation and extent of the riparian buffers;

e) A planting plan developed by a plant ecologist familiar with the flora of the river for any areas such as roads that need to be restored;

f) A monitoring plan has to establish.

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District Survey Report Coochbehar, West Bengal 13 Risk assessment & disaster management plan

Risk analysis is the systematic study of risks encountered during various stages of mining operation. Risk analysis seek to identify the risks involved in mining operations, to understand how and when they arise, and estimate the impact (financial or otherwise) of adverse outcomes. The sand mining operation in the district is mainly done manually.

13.1 Identification of risk due to river sand mining

There is no land degradation due to mining activities as mining is done only on river bed dry surface. There will be no OB or waste generation as the sand is exposed in the river bed and is completely selable. There will be neither any stacking of soil nor creation of OB dumps. The mining activity will carried out up to a maximum depth of 3m below the surface level. So there is no chance of slope failure, bench failure in the mines. However there are some identified risk in the mining activity which are as below:

1. Accident during sand loading and transportation 2. Inundation/ Flooding 3. Quick Sand Condition

13.2 Mitigation measures

13.2.1 Measures to prevent accidents during loading and transportation:

• During the loading truck would be brought to a lower level so that the loading operation suits to the ergonomic condition of the workers. • The workers will be provided with gloves and safety shoes during loading. • Opening of the side covers of the truck should be done carefully and with warning to prevent injury to the loaders. • Mining Operations will be takes place during daylight only. • The truck will be covered with tarpaulin and maintained to prevent any spillage. • To avoid danger while reversing the trackless vehicles especially at the embankment and tipping points, all areas for reversing of Lorries should be made man free as far as possible. • All transportation within the main working will be carried out directly under the supervision and control of the management. • Overloading should not be permitted and the maximum permissible speed limit should be ensured. • There will be regular maintenance of the trucks and the drivers will have valid driving liscence.

13.2.2 Measures to prevent incidents during Inundation/ Flooding:

To minimize the risk of flooding/ inundation following measures will be under taken:

• Mining will be completely closed during the monsoon months. Page 91 of 95 Work Order No: MDTC/PM-5/160/66, Dated: 20.01.2020

District Survey Report Coochbehar, West Bengal

• Proper weather information particularly on rain should be kept during the operational period of mines so that precautionary measures will be undertaken.

13.2.3 Measures for mitigation to quick sand condition:

• Quick sand zone and deep water zone will be clearly demarcated and all the mines workers will made aware of the location. • Mining will done strictly as per the approved mining plan.

13.3 Disaster management plan

As the depth of mining will be maximum of 3m below the surface level considering local condition, the risk related to mining activity is much less. The mining operation will be carried out under the supervision experienced and qualified Mines Manager having Certificate of Competency to manage the mines granted by DGMS. All the provisions of Mines Act 1952, MMR 1961 and Mines Rules 1955 and other laws applicable to mine will strictly be complied. During heavy rainfall and during the monsoon season the mining activities will be closed. Proper coordination with Irrigation Department should be maintained so that at the time of releasing water, if any, from the dam suitable warning/information is given in advance. Special attention and requisite precautions shall be taken while working in areas of geological weakness like existence of slip, fault etc. The mining site will be supplied with first aid facilities and the entire mines worker will have access to that.

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District Survey Report Coochbehar, West Bengal 14 Summary

The District Survey Report of Coochbehar district has been prepared as per the guidelines issued by Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEF& CC) time to time. The Guideline of WBMMCR, 2016 is also taken into consideration while preparation of this report.

Potential areas where mining can be allowed are identified and discussed in this DSR. This DSR would also help to estimate the annual rate of replenishment wherever applicable.

Preparation of this DSR involved both primary and secondary data generation. The primary data generation involved the site inspection, survey, ground truthing etc. while secondary data has been acquired through various authenticated sources and satellite imagery studies.

The district survey report of Coochbehar district also describes the general geographical profile of the district, distribution of natural resources, livelihood, climatic condition and sources of revenue generation.

Coochbehar is essentially a flat country with a slight south-eastern slope along which the main rivers of the district flow. The principal rivers of the district are Teesta, Torsa, Jaldhaka, Dharla, Mansai, Kaljani, Raidhak, Gadadhar and Sankosh. Among other small rivers are Sutanga, Khotamara, Giridari, Gilandi, Dudua, Dolong, Mujnai etc. The rivers of the district generally have a flow from North-West to South-East directions. A noticeable feature is that sometimes these rivers branch out in different channels and flow into each other in the downward course. The rivers and its tributaries occurs flash flood due to heavy downpour in Himalayan ranges and consequently sharp increase in water-flow in the rivers.

The district is fall under Zone IV and V as per the earthquake zonation map of India along eastern and western part. This indicates high prone to earthquake. In Coochbehar, occurrence of Flash Flood is a common phenomenon due to excessive rainfall. This causes considerable damage to the human life, crops and livestock almost each year.

Coochbehar district does not have any major mineral deposits. The district is currently generating revenue from mining of minor minerals such as sand, stone and Brick-earth. In- stream mining of Riverbed sand and stone directly alters the channel geometry and bed elevation. Therefore, mining of riverbed should be carried out scientifically and based on statutory guidelines for conservation of land, river channels and sustainable development of the society.

As per the data received from Department of Mines and Minerals, Siliguri, total 13 blocks have been allotted for mining of river sand in the district and 54 blocks have been allotted for mining of Brick-earth. Total allotted river-bed block area for 13 blocks is 32.91 Ha and estimated reserve is around 2326611.3 CuM. Area allotted for Brick-earth is 80.48 Ha and estimated Page 93 of 95 Work Order No: MDTC/PM-5/160/66, Dated: 20.01.2020

District Survey Report Coochbehar, West Bengal reserve is around 863435.08 CuM. Revenue generated in the district of Coochbehar from Minor minerals in the FY 2019-20 is Rs. 5.96 Crores.

Incremental volume of sand is estimated in this DSR and found as around 31.18 Million CuM when compared between pre and post monsoon sand reserve data.

The district has an upside potential for development of Riverbed sand. The occurrence has been reported by Directorate of Mines and Minerals, Government of West Bengal and others in previous instances. It requires further systematic and scientific approach to quantify the resource along with their grade assessment. This report also recommends to undertake detail exploration (G1 & G2 level) program to assess the mineral occurrences in the major rivers of the district and should have a proper development and production plan for the specified minerals.

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District Survey Report Coochbehar, West Bengal References

1. A Devastating Disaster: A Case Study of Nepal Earthquake and Its Impact on Human Beings, Dey S, Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 20, Issue 7, 2015. 2. District census handbook Coochbehar, West Bengal, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII-A. 3. Dynamic Ground Water Resources of India (As on March 2013), Ministry of Water Resources, Central Ground Water Board (2017), Govt. of India. 4. Ground Water Information Booklet Koch Bihar District, West Bengal, Central Ground Water Board, Govt. of India. 5. Report On The Forest Resources of Coochbehar District, West Bengal, Forest Survey Of India, 1986. 6. Master Plan of Rasik Beel Mini Zoo, Coochbehar, Directorate of Forest Division, Govt of West Bengal. 7. Floristic diversity of Rasik Beel and its adjoining areas in Coochbehar district of West Bengal, India, Biswas R, Das A. P. and Paul T. K., Pleione 7(2): 501 - 507. 2013. 8. District Industrial Profile, Coochbehar, 2018-19, Ministry of MSME, Govt. of India. 9. Major Fauna of Rasik Beel (West Bengal), DAS D, Sen A and Mitra P, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata. 10. District Disaster Management Plan, Cooch Behar, 2017.

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District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal Annexure 1: List of Brick Earth Mines in Coochbehar District

Name of Mineral Name of Name Name Area Date of Sl. No. Applican Commodi Sub- of of Mouza Plot No. Latitude Longitude (Hect approv ts ty Division Block River or) al 1 M/s. Brick Earth Tufanganj Tufanga Ghogarkut 597, 524, 260 18' 40.91" 890 36' 1.3570 23.12.2 Sumana nj hi Pratham 645, 646, N 260 18' 38.11" E 016 Brick Khanda 647, 660, 32.45" N 890 36' Field Pvt. 674, 596 34.08" E Ltd. Unit- III 2 M/s. New Brick Earth Coochbeh Talliguri Daluadasgi 1806, 1807, 260 19' 43.51" 890 32' 1.7450 23.12.2 Maradang ar r 2737, 2738, N 260 19' 34.60" E 016 a Brick 2742, 2746, 27.33" N 890 32' Field-I 2751, 2754 26.50" E 3 M/s Brick Earth Coochbeh Talliguri Daluadasgi 1783, 1782, 260 19' 21.95" 890 32' 1.6850 22.12.2 Prasad & ar r 1781, 1777, N 260 19' 26.59" E 016 Sons 2748, 2750, 14.94" N 890 32' 2753, 2780 7.41" E 4 M/s. Brick Earth Tufanganj Tufanga Ghogarkhu 696, 697, 260 18' 36.58" 890 37' 1.8180 23.12.2 Delux nj ti, Naokhuli 698, 699, N 260 17' 36.01" E 016 Brick 701, 705, 45.56" N 890 37' Field 707, 712, 22.54" E 494, 477, 484, 713, 716, 720, 726, 1480, 1211 5 M/s. Brick Earth Tufanganj Tufanga Ghogarkut 606, 563, 260 18' 46.04" 890 36' 1.4340 23.12.2 Chilakhan nj hi Pratham 564, 298, N 260 18' 25.94" E 016 a Brick Khanda 287, 627, 34.38" N 890 36' Factory 607, 562, 13.33" E (Unit-I) 360, 361, 362

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District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal Name of Mineral Name of Name Name Area Date of Sl. No. Applican Commodi Sub- of of Mouza Plot No. Latitude Longitude (Hect approv ts ty Division Block River or) al 6 M/s. R.S. Brick Earth Mathabha Mathab Ashokbari 5340, 5358, 260 21' 58.56" 890 6' 1.8460 23.12.2 Brick nga hanga 5360, 5361, N 260 21' 57.95" E 016 Field 5380, 5381, 55.40" N 890 6' 5382, 6035, 43.55" E 5824, 5891, 5898, 5899, 59738637, 6079/8652, 6014, 6035, 6038, 6039 7 M/s. Brick Earth Tufanganj Tufanga Soladanga- 504, 347, 260 17' 37.25" 890 33' 1.1270 23.12.2 Vivekana nj 2 507, 508, N 260 17' 43.87" E 016 nda Brick 324, 344, 26.53" N 890 33' Field 509, 352, 80, 36.11" E 64, 66 8 M/s. Brick Earth Tufanganj Tufanga Maradanga 4173, 4191, 260 18' 12.98" 890 33' 1.4810 23.12.2 Sarada nj , Soladanga 4192, 4183, N 260 17' 45.19" E 016 Brick 4189, 4791, 44.32" N 890 33' Field 4802, 4192, 0.02" E 4193, 4220, 4226, 4268, 4269, 4277, 4336, 4338, 4357, 64, 66 9 M/s. Brick Earth Tufanganj Tufanga Velakopa-1 61, 75, 42, 260 18' 21.40" 890 34' 1.7820 23.12.2 Surja nj Part, 352, 355, N 260 17' 27.55" E 016 Brick Maradanga 317, 325, 170, 29.38" N 890 33' Field 172, 315, 321, 16.49" E 4754, 4773 10 M/s. Brick Earth Mathabha Mathab Sikarpur, 1682, 1684, 260 19' 59.07" 890 9' 1.3330 23.12.2 Haque nga hanga Bargharia 1685, 1686, N 260 19' 27.12" E 016 Brick 1687, 1888, 41.40" N 890 8' Field 3709, 3698, 20.59" E 3606

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District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal Name of Mineral Name of Name Name Area Date of Sl. No. Applican Commodi Sub- of of Mouza Plot No. Latitude Longitude (Hect approv ts ty Division Block River or) al 11 M/s. Neta Brick Earth Tufanganj Tufanga Bhandijalas 727, 729, 260 20' 57.58" 890 41' 2.0930 23.12.2 Ji Brick nj h 730, 728, N 260 20' 49.06" E 016 Field 710, 714, 48.18" N 890 41' 705, 690, 40.17" E 731, 743, 757, 689, 688 12 M/s. Sona Brick Earth Tufanganj Tufanga Maradanga 4126, 4127, 260 18' 18.66" 890 18' 1.6970 23.12.2 Brick nj 4128, 4129, N 260 18' 18.66" E 016 Field 4180, 4181, 08.87" N 890 18' 4183, 4184, 08.87" 4185, 3095 13 M/s. Brick Earth Tufanganj Tufanga Bhelakopa 199, 111, 144, 260 18' 39.02" 890 34' 1.6080 23.12.2 India nj 145, 146, 185, N 260 18' 42.14" E 016 Brick 187, 195, 197, 23.87" N 890 34' Field - 2 816/820, 30.10" E 661, 664, 114, 6578 14 M/s. Brick Earth Tufanganj Tufanga Velakopa -2 10, 11, 15, 19, 260 19' 5.69" N 890 35' 1.5390 23.12.2 North nj 20, 21, 22, 260 18' 59.66" 6.43" E 016 Bengal 23, 80, 86 N 890 34' Brick 0.57" E Field 15 M/s Brick Earth Tufanganj Tufanga Velakopa 885, 886, 260 18' 23.00" 890 34' 1.6480 23.12.2 Velakopa nj 1st, 887, 888, N 260 18' 9.72" E 016 Brick Maradanga 893, 894, 15.41" N 890 33' Field 895, 896, 51.56" E 4888, 4891,4862, 4865 16 M/s Bitan Brick Earth Coochbeh Kotwali Daluadasgi 3681, 3682, 260 18' 50.91" 890 32' 1.6400 23.12.2 Saha ar r 3680, 3679, N 260 18' 37.63" E 016 Brick 3671, 3674, 46.14" N 890 32' Field 3687 34.11" E

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District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal Name of Mineral Name of Name Name Area Date of Sl. No. Applican Commodi Sub- of of Mouza Plot No. Latitude Longitude (Hect approv ts ty Division Block River or) al 17 M/s Brick Earth Mathabha Mathab Pachagarh 3685, 3686, 260 20' 42.01" 890 12' 1.4180 23.12.2 Mahalax nga hanga 3700, 3779, N 260 20' 13.83" E 016 mi Bricks 3780, 3783, 30.75" N 890 12' Field 3872, 3877 1.51" E 18 M/s. Brick Earth Tufanganj Tufanga Ghogarkut 595, 598, 260 18' 42.81" 890 36' 1.3860 23.12.2 Sumana nj hi 599, 604, N 260 18' 36.01" E 016 Brick 605, 632, 35.67" N 890 16' Field Pvt. 633, 634, 26.70" E Ltd. 1 636, 639 19 M/s. Maa Brick Earth Mathabha Mathab Barakawar 6487, 6489, 260 18' 22.59" 890 12' 1.6440 23.12.2 Kali Brick nga hanga dara 6490, 6491, N 260 18' 41.99" E 016 Field 6492, 6493, 11.84" N 890 12' 6497, 6498, 34.30" E 6499, 6500, 6501, 6502, 6483, 6484, 6479, 6336, 6478, 6482, 6451, 6485, 6339, 6340, 6481 20 M/s. Brick Earth Tufanganj Tufanga Velakopa 195, 89, 94, 260 18' 52.71" 890 34' 1.7290 23.12.2 Coochbeh nj 2nd Part & 193, 72, 193, N 260 18' 32.75" E 016 ar Brick Maradanga 5998, 5989, 07.29" N 890 34' Field 6519, 6518, 07.36" E 6578 21 M/s. Brick Earth Tufanganj Tufanga Rampur 15001, 6766, 260 27' 03.76" 890 48' 2.5980 23.12.2 Bharat nj 6768, 6771 N 260 26' 25.05" E 016 Brick 56.31" N 890 48' Field 11.50" E 22 M/s. Maa Brick Earth Tufanganj Boxirhat Garbhanga, 301, 22662 260 25' 11.06" 890 48' 2.1450 23.12.2 Kali Brick Rampur N 260 25' 22.80" E 016 Field Unit 10.34" N 890 48' 2 09.14" E

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District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal Name of Mineral Name of Name Name Area Date of Sl. No. Applican Commodi Sub- of of Mouza Plot No. Latitude Longitude (Hect approv ts ty Division Block River or) al 23 M/s. New Brick Earth Tufanganj Tufanga Maradanga 45, 46, 4880, 260 18' 37.67" 890 34' 1.6520 23.12.2 Maradang nj 4881, 4897, N 260 18' 28.75" E 016 a Brick 4754, 4545, 09.25" N 890 34' Field - 2 4546, 4547, 10.77" E 4548, 4549, 4550, 4551, 4553 24 M/s. Maa Brick Earth Mathabha Mathab Vognamgur 7925, 7968, 260 26' 25.97'' 890 5' 9.43" 1.5270 10.01.20 Karunam nga hanga i 7934, 7933, N 260 26' E 890 4' 17 oyee Brick 8283, 8286, 2.88'' N 25.16" E Field 8316, 8317, 8318, 8360, 8287, 8288, 8215, 8319, 8353, 8355, 8356, 8358, 8362 25 M/s. Brick Earth Tufanganj Tufanga Maradanga 24, 27, 33, 260 19' 10.81'' 890 33' 1.6080 10.01.20 Saran nj 6637, 6630, N 260 18' 03.76" E 17 Brick 6524, 6525, 40.49'' N 890 32' Field 6526, 6628, 53.50" E 6638, 6632 26 M/s. Brick Earth Tufanganj Tufanga Soladanga 142, 89, 113, 260 17' 38.36'' 890 33' 2.0520 10.01.20 Gopinath nj Part II 106 N 260 17' 28.76" E 17 Brick 33.89'' N 890 33' Field 27.71" E 27 M/s. Brick Earth Tufanganj Tufanga Ghogarkut 605, 626, 260 17' 58.47'' 890 37' 1.3130 10.01.20 Chilakhan nj hi 625, 615, N 260 17' 20.21" E 17 a Brick 657, 628, 49.39'' N 890 37' Factory II 610, 631, 629 9.48" E 28 M/s. Saha Brick Earth Tufanganj Tufanga Chilakhana, 900, 904, 260 19' 27.74'' 890 36' 1.3980 10.01.20 Brick nj Jaigir 958, 964, N 260 18' 15.29" E 17 Field Chilakhana 1050, 1051, 57.54'' N 890 36' 1114, 1423, 0.91" E 30547, WORK ORDER No. MDTC/PM-5/160/66 dated 20.01.2020 P a g e 5 | 10

District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal Name of Mineral Name of Name Name Area Date of Sl. No. Applican Commodi Sub- of of Mouza Plot No. Latitude Longitude (Hect approv ts ty Division Block River or) al 30561, 30579, 30581, 30582, 30590, 30599 29 M/s. Gold Brick Earth Tufanganj Boxirhat Balakuthi 1318 260 18' 3.91'' N 890 45' 1.6440 10.01.20 Enterpris 260 18' 3.91'' N 13.61" E 17 e Brick 890 45' Field 13.61" E 30 M/s. Brick Earth Mathabha Mathab Barogharia, 1277, 1279, 260 20' 56.66'' 890 7' 1.5060 10.01.20 Karunam nga hanga Garkuta, 1273, 1274, N 260 20' 38.44" E 17 oyee Brick Bengaldai, 1247, 1248, 31.61'' N 890 7' Field Tetuler 1266, 1283, 23.97" E Chara 1263, 1284, 608, 609, 611, 612, 613, 614, 615, 616, 1122, 1137, 1138, 1139, 1497 31 M/s. Brick Earth Tufanganj Tufanga Velakopa 157, 159, 160, 260 18' 42.70'' 890 34' 1.7650 10.01.20 Madanmo nj 150, 610, 611, N 260 18' 41.35" E 17 han Brick 612, 146, 147, 38.29'' N 890 34' Work - 148, 152, 27.50" E Unit 1 662, 663, 609 32 M/s. Brick Earth Dinhata Sitai R. G 260, 269, 260 5' 50.99'' N 890 18' 1.3900 15.02.2 Sneha Khamar 271, 281, 260 4' 18.33'' N 06.88" E 017 Brick Sitai, 282, 5922, 890 16' Field Kesaribari, 5923, 5967, 57.86" E Bholachatr 5932, 5832, a 5833, 5834, 5835, 5836, 5847, 5975, WORK ORDER No. MDTC/PM-5/160/66 dated 20.01.2020 P a g e 6 | 10

District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal Name of Mineral Name of Name Name Area Date of Sl. No. Applican Commodi Sub- of of Mouza Plot No. Latitude Longitude (Hect approv ts ty Division Block River or) al 5988, 5925, 5854, 5852, 5879, 423, 425, 466, 467, 470, 475, 513, 514, 515, 528, 21, 5, 7, 866, 874, 879 33 M/s. Saha Brick Earth Tufanganj Tufanga Jaigir 16686, 260 19' 36.52'' 890 36' 0.8770 31.03.2 Brick nj Chilakhana 16687, N 260 19' 30.65" E 017 Field 16688, 25.47'' N 890 36' Unit-I 16689, 24.13" E 16703, 16704, 16690, 16691, 16692, 16693, 16694, 16697, 16698, 16699, 16701, 16702 34 M/s. Sun Brick Earth Tufanganj Tufanga Shikarpur 2, 3, 1, 4, 5, 260 17' 39.03'' 890 38' 1.5030 31.03.2 Brick nj 40 N 260 17' 22..3" E 017 Field 38.03'' N 890 38' 18.61" E 35 M/s. Brick Earth Tufanganj Tufanga Velakopa 26, 27, 28, 260 18' 53.96 N 890 34' 1.6520 31.03.2 India nj Dwitia 116, 128, 129, 260 18' 08.30 33.67" E 017 Brick Khand 135, 660, N 890 34' Field -1 664, 665, 23.68" E 874, 875

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District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal Name of Mineral Name of Name Name Area Date of Sl. No. Applican Commodi Sub- of of Mouza Plot No. Latitude Longitude (Hect approv ts ty Division Block River or) al 36 Sundar Brick Earth Coochbeh Kotwali Soltukuni 34, 43, 44 260 21' 54.66 N 890 32' 0.4700 07.04.2 Brick ar 260 21' 52.70 N 42.18" E 017 Field 890 32' 39.52" E 37 M/s. Brick Earth Tufanganj Tufanga Bhelakopa 3993, 3995 260 18' 18.62 N 890 33' 1.0100 21.11.20 Madanmo nj Dwitia 260 18' 16.70 N 57.57" E 17 han Brick Khanda 890 33' Works 49.55" E Unit-II 38 M/s. Roy Brick Earth Coochbeh Kotwali Daluadasgi 2699, 2788, 260 19' 24.00 890 32' 1.0760 21.11.20 Brick ar r 2776, 2777, N 260 19' 23.66" E 17 Field 2764, 2712, 17.01'' N 890 32' 2760, 2759 17.77" E 39 M/s. Brick Earth Coochbeh Kotwali Rajpur 2334, 2333, 260 15' 10.98'' 890 19' 1.2180 21.11.20 Sarkar ar 2332, 2331, N 260 15' 21.16" E 17 Brick 2245, 2244, 00.63'' N 890 19' Field 2246, 2242, 14.83" E 2241, 2238, 2240, 2239, 2243 40 M/s. Brick Earth Tufanganj Tufanga Ghogarkut 508, 513, 260 19' 19.98'' 890 38' 1.2860 21.11.20 Sumana nj hi 512, 525, N 260 19' 13.23" E 17 Brick 526, 527, 06.44'' N 890 38' Field -II 592, 583, 01.08" E 585, 572, 573, 582, 581, 580, 726, 729, 738 41 M/s. New Brick Earth Coochbeh Kotwali Brahmottar 2960, 2952, 260 16' 54.46'' 890 19' 0.990 21.11.20 Sarkar ar Kasaldanga 2955, 2976, N 260 16' 36.80" E 0 17 Brick 2907, 2744, 04.50'' N 890 19' Field 2740, 2728, 14.83" E 2729, 2721, 2722

WORK ORDER No. MDTC/PM-5/160/66 dated 20.01.2020 P a g e 8 | 10

District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal Name of Mineral Name of Name Name Area Date of Sl. No. Applican Commodi Sub- of of Mouza Plot No. Latitude Longitude (Hect approv ts ty Division Block River or) al 42 M/s. Jay Brick Earth Tufanganj Boxirhat Garbhanga 1442, 1456, 260 25' 45.21'' 890 49' 0.890 21.11.20 Baba 1457, 1458 N 260 25' 42.42" E 0 17 Loknath 41.99'' N 890 49' Brick 37.66" E Field 43 M/s. Brick Earth Mathabha Sitalkun Jatamari 1136, 1673, 260 15' 35.55'' 890 11' 1.8700 22.11.20 Gourhari nga chi 1676, 1677, N 260 15' 18.65" E 17 Brick 1700, 1736, 19.78'' N 890 11' Field 1741, 1742, 10.06" E 1791, 1807, 1857 44 M/s. Maa Brick Earth Mathabha Ghoksad Atpukuri 204, 205, 260 26' 14.98'' 890 14' 1.5900 21.12.20 Brick nga anga 208, 209, N 260 26' 17.20" E 17 Field 210 09.95'' N 890 14' 12.26" E 45 M/s. Sona Brick Earth Tufanganj Tufanga Maradanga 4189, 4183, 260 17' 58.24'' 890 33' 1.3520 21.12.20 Brick nj 4191, 4173, N 260 17' 52.60" E 17 Field -1 4192, 4172 53.47'' N 890 33' 47.05" E 46 M/s. Brick Earth Dinhata Dinhata Peulaguri 3485, 3487, 260 04' 38.35'' 890 28' 1.6710 21.12.20 Mahamay 3488, 3493, N 260 04' 56.10" E 17 a Brick 3498, 3677, 34.21'' N 890 28' Field 3678, 3680, 45.39" E 3681, 3482, 3484, 3486 47 M/s. Maa Brick Earth Tufanganj Tufanga Garbhanga 301(P) 260 25' 14.90'' 890 48' 0.7490 21.12.20 Kali Brick nj N 260 25' 29.40" E 17 Field -1 11.97'' N 890 48' 25.44" E 48 M/s. Brick Earth Coochbeh Kotwali Kaljani 13697, 260 21' 38.22'' 890 32' 1.2050 28.12.2 Moon ar 13682, N 260 21' 08.31" E 017 Brick 13699, 13711, 30.89'' N 890 31' Field 13713, 13714, 59.26" E 13642, 13695, 13696 WORK ORDER No. MDTC/PM-5/160/66 dated 20.01.2020 P a g e 9 | 10

District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal Name of Mineral Name of Name Name Area Date of Sl. No. Applican Commodi Sub- of of Mouza Plot No. Latitude Longitude (Hect approv ts ty Division Block River or) al 49 M/s. Brick Earth Tufanganj Tufanga Maradanga 937, 1101, 260 18' 36.66'' 890 33' 1.0724 31.07.20 Prasad & nj 1105 N 260 18' 02.53" E 18 Sons 32.01'' N 890 32' Brick 54.54" E Field 50 M/s. Brick Earth Tufanganj Tufanga Bhelakopa- 25(P), 260 17' 44.23'' 890 34' 1.1610 14.12.20 Bengal nj 1 440(P), N 260 17' 6.39" E 18 Brick 494(P), 32.04'' N 890 33' Field 495(P), 57.65" E 496(P), 497(P), 516(P) 51 M/s. Brick Earth Tufanganj Tufanga Deocharai 3103, 3105, 260 17' 2.82'' N 890 37' 1.2550 14.12.20 Deocharai nj 3121, 3123, 260 16' 29.81'' 1.10" E 18 Brick 3124, 3125, N 890 36' Field 3522, 3524, 42.67" E 3525, 4639, 4640, 4641, 4642, 4681, 4682 52 M/s. Brick Earth Coochbeh Kotwali Daluadasgi 1421, 1422, 260 19' 29.52'' 890 32' 1.3840 14.12.20 Gahim ar r 1423, 1425, N 260 19' 23.50" E 18 Brick 1426, 1433, 25.95'' N 890 32' Field 1794 16.27" E 53 M/s. Brick Earth Tufanganj Tufanga Bhelakopa 97, 99, 101, 260 18' 52.75'' 890 34' 1.2020 14.12.20 North nj Dwitia 119 N 260 18' 21.51" E 18 Bengal Khanda 48.44'' N 890 34' Brick 17.51" E Field - II 54 M/s. Maa Brick Earth Coochbeh Pundiba Basdaha 1285, 1293 260 24' 59.90'' 890 19' 2.3840 07.12.2 Brick ar ri Natabari N 260 24' 30.92" E 018 Field - II 54.87'' N 890 19' 23.38" E

WORK ORDER No. MDTC/PM-5/160/66 dated 20.01.2020 P a g e 10 | 10

District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal

PLATE 1

DRAINAGE MAP OF THE DISTRICT

Work order No. MDTC/PM-5/160/66; dt. 20.1.2020 P a g e 1 | 56 District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal

Plate 1: Drainage Map of the District Work order No. MDTC/PM-5/160/66; dt. 20.1.2020 P a g e 2 | 56 District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal

ANNEXURE 2A

DISTRIBUTION MAP OF SAND BARS ON RIVERS DURING PRE-MONSOON PERIOD OF COOCHBEHAR DISTRICT

Work order No. MDTC/PM-5/160/66; dt. 20.1.2020 P a g e 3 | 56 District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal

Plate 2A1: Distribution Map of Sand Bars on Rivers During Pre-Monsoon Period of Coochbehar District Work order No. MDTC/PM-5/160/66; dt. 20.1.2020 P a g e 4 | 56 District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal

Plate 2A2: Distribution Map of Sand Bars on Rivers During Pre-Monsoon Period of Coochbehar District Work order No. MDTC/PM-5/160/66; dt. 20.1.2020 P a g e 5 | 56 District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal

Plate 2A3: Distribution Map of Sand Bars on Rivers During Pre-Monsoon Period of Coochbehar District Work order No. MDTC/PM-5/160/66; dt. 20.1.2020 P a g e 6 | 56 District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal

Plate 2A4: Distribution Map of Sand Bars on Rivers During Pre-Monsoon Period of Coochbehar District Work order No. MDTC/PM-5/160/66; dt. 20.1.2020 P a g e 7 | 56 District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal

Plate 2A5: Distribution Map of Sand Bars on Rivers During Pre-Monsoon Period of Coochbehar District

Work order No. MDTC/PM-5/160/66; dt. 20.1.2020 P a g e 8 | 56 District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal

Plate 2A6: Distribution Map of Sand Bars on Rivers During Pre-Monsoon Period of Coochbehar District Work order No. MDTC/PM-5/160/66; dt. 20.1.2020 P a g e 9 | 56 District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal

Plate 2A7: Distribution Map of Sand Bars on Rivers During Pre-Monsoon Period of Coochbehar District Work order No. MDTC/PM-5/160/66; dt. 20.1.2020 P a g e 10 | 56 District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal

Plate 2A8: Distribution Map of Sand Bars on Rivers During Pre-Monsoon Period of Coochbehar District

Work order No. MDTC/PM-5/160/66; dt. 20.1.2020 P a g e 11 | 56 District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal

Plate 2A9: Distribution Map of Sand Bars on Rivers During Pre-Monsoon Period of Coochbehar District

Work order No. MDTC/PM-5/160/66; dt. 20.1.2020 P a g e 12 | 56 District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal

Plate 2A10: Distribution Map of Sand Bars on Rivers During Pre-Monsoon Period of Coochbehar District

Work order No. MDTC/PM-5/160/66; dt. 20.1.2020 P a g e 13 | 56 District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal

Plate 2A11: Distribution Map of Sand Bars on Rivers During Pre-Monsoon Period of Coochbehar District

Work order No. MDTC/PM-5/160/66; dt. 20.1.2020 P a g e 14 | 56 District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal

Plate 2A12: Distribution Map of Sand Bars on Rivers During Pre-Monsoon Period of Coochbehar District

Work order No. MDTC/PM-5/160/66; dt. 20.1.2020 P a g e 15 | 56 District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal

Plate 2A13: Distribution Map of Sand Bars on Rivers During Pre-Monsoon Period of Coochbehar District

Work order No. MDTC/PM-5/160/66; dt. 20.1.2020 P a g e 16 | 56 District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal

Plate 2A14: Distribution Map of Sand Bars on Rivers During Pre-Monsoon Period of Coochbehar District Work order No. MDTC/PM-5/160/66; dt. 20.1.2020 P a g e 17 | 56 District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal

Plate 2A15: Distribution Map of Sand Bars on Rivers During Pre-Monsoon Period of Coochbehar District

Work order No. MDTC/PM-5/160/66; dt. 20.1.2020 P a g e 18 | 56 District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal

Plate 2A16: Distribution Map of Sand Bars on Rivers During Pre-Monsoon Period of Coochbehar District

Work order No. MDTC/PM-5/160/66; dt. 20.1.2020 P a g e 19 | 56 District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal

Plate 2A17: Distribution Map of Sand Bars on Rivers During Pre-Monsoon Period of Coochbehar District

Work order No. MDTC/PM-5/160/66; dt. 20.1.2020 P a g e 20 | 56 District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal

Plate 2A18: Distribution Map of Sand Bars on Rivers During Pre-Monsoon Period of Coochbehar District

Work order No. MDTC/PM-5/160/66; dt. 20.1.2020 P a g e 21 | 56 District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal

Plate 2A19: Distribution Map of Sand Bars on Rivers During Pre-Monsoon Period of Coochbehar District

Work order No. MDTC/PM-5/160/66; dt. 20.1.2020 P a g e 22 | 56 District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal

Plate 2A20: Distribution Map of Sand Bars on Rivers During Pre-Monsoon Period of Coochbehar District

Work order No. MDTC/PM-5/160/66; dt. 20.1.2020 P a g e 23 | 56 District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal

Plate 2A21: Distribution Map of Sand Bars on Rivers During Pre-Monsoon Period of Coochbehar District

Work order No. MDTC/PM-5/160/66; dt. 20.1.2020 P a g e 24 | 56 District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal

Plate 2A22: Distribution Map of Sand Bars on Rivers During Pre-Monsoon Period of Coochbehar District

Work order No. MDTC/PM-5/160/66; dt. 20.1.2020 P a g e 25 | 56 District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal

Plate 2A23: Distribution Map of Sand Bars on Rivers During Pre-Monsoon Period of Coochbehar District

Work order No. MDTC/PM-5/160/66; dt. 20.1.2020 P a g e 26 | 56 District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal

Plate 2A24: Distribution Map of Sand Bars on Rivers During Pre-Monsoon Period of Coochbehar District

Work order No. MDTC/PM-5/160/66; dt. 20.1.2020 P a g e 27 | 56 District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal

Plate 2A25: Distribution Map of Sand Bars on Rivers During Pre-Monsoon Period of Coochbehar District

Work order No. MDTC/PM-5/160/66; dt. 20.1.2020 P a g e 28 | 56 District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal

Plate 2A26: Distribution Map of Sand Bars on Rivers During Pre-Monsoon Period of Coochbehar District

Work order No. MDTC/PM-5/160/66; dt. 20.1.2020 P a g e 29 | 56 District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal

ANNEXURE 2B

DISTRIBUTION MAP OF SAND BARS ON RIVERS DURING POST-MONSOON PERIOD OF COOCHBEHAR DISTRICT

Work order No. MDTC/PM-5/160/66; dt. 20.1.2020 P a g e 30 | 56 District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal

Plate 2B1: Distribution Map of Sand Bars on Rivers During Post-Monsoon Period of Coochbehar District

Work order No. MDTC/PM-5/160/66; dt. 20.1.2020 P a g e 31 | 56 District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal

Plate 2B2: Distribution Map of Sand Bars on Rivers During Post-Monsoon Period of Coochbehar District

Work order No. MDTC/PM-5/160/66; dt. 20.1.2020 P a g e 32 | 56 District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal

Plate 2B3: Distribution Map of Sand Bars on Rivers During Post-Monsoon Period of Coochbehar District

Work order No. MDTC/PM-5/160/66; dt. 20.1.2020 P a g e 33 | 56 District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal

Plate 2B4: Distribution Map of Sand Bars on Rivers During Post-Monsoon Period of Coochbehar District

Work order No. MDTC/PM-5/160/66; dt. 20.1.2020 P a g e 34 | 56 District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal

Plate 2B5: Distribution Map of Sand Bars on Rivers During Post-Monsoon Period of Coochbehar District

Work order No. MDTC/PM-5/160/66; dt. 20.1.2020 P a g e 35 | 56 District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal

Plate 2B6: Distribution Map of Sand Bars on Rivers During Post-Monsoon Period of Coochbehar District

Work order No. MDTC/PM-5/160/66; dt. 20.1.2020 P a g e 36 | 56 District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal

Plate 2B7: Distribution Map of Sand Bars on Rivers During Post-Monsoon Period of Coochbehar District

Work order No. MDTC/PM-5/160/66; dt. 20.1.2020 P a g e 37 | 56 District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal

Plate 2B8: Distribution Map of Sand Bars on Rivers During Post-Monsoon Period of Coochbehar District

Work order No. MDTC/PM-5/160/66; dt. 20.1.2020 P a g e 38 | 56 District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal

Plate 2B9: Distribution Map of Sand Bars on Rivers During Post-Monsoon Period of Coochbehar District

Work order No. MDTC/PM-5/160/66; dt. 20.1.2020 P a g e 39 | 56 District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal

Plate 2B10: Distribution Map of Sand Bars on Rivers During Post-Monsoon Period of Coochbehar District

Work order No. MDTC/PM-5/160/66; dt. 20.1.2020 P a g e 40 | 56 District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal

Plate 2B11: Distribution Map of Sand Bars on Rivers During Post-Monsoon Period of Coochbehar District

Work order No. MDTC/PM-5/160/66; dt. 20.1.2020 P a g e 41 | 56 District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal

Plate 2B12: Distribution Map of Sand Bars on Rivers During Post-Monsoon Period of Coochbehar District

Work order No. MDTC/PM-5/160/66; dt. 20.1.2020 P a g e 42 | 56 District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal

Plate 2B13: Distribution Map of Sand Bars on Rivers During Post-Monsoon Period of Coochbehar District

Work order No. MDTC/PM-5/160/66; dt. 20.1.2020 P a g e 43 | 56 District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal

Plate 2B14: Distribution Map of Sand Bars on Rivers During Post-Monsoon Period of Coochbehar District

Work order No. MDTC/PM-5/160/66; dt. 20.1.2020 P a g e 44 | 56 District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal

Plate 2B15: Distribution Map of Sand Bars on Rivers During Post-Monsoon Period of Coochbehar District

Work order No. MDTC/PM-5/160/66; dt. 20.1.2020 P a g e 45 | 56 District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal

Plate 2B16: Distribution Map of Sand Bars on Rivers During Post-Monsoon Period of Coochbehar District

Work order No. MDTC/PM-5/160/66; dt. 20.1.2020 P a g e 46 | 56 District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal

Plate 2B17: Distribution Map of Sand Bars on Rivers During Post-Monsoon Period of Coochbehar District

Work order No. MDTC/PM-5/160/66; dt. 20.1.2020 P a g e 47 | 56 District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal

Plate 2B18: Distribution Map of Sand Bars on Rivers During Post-Monsoon Period of Coochbehar District

Work order No. MDTC/PM-5/160/66; dt. 20.1.2020 P a g e 48 | 56 District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal

Plate 2B19: Distribution Map of Sand Bars on Rivers During Post-Monsoon Period of Coochbehar District

Work order No. MDTC/PM-5/160/66; dt. 20.1.2020 P a g e 49 | 56 District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal

Plate 2B20: Distribution Map of Sand Bars on Rivers During Post-Monsoon Period of Coochbehar District

Work order No. MDTC/PM-5/160/66; dt. 20.1.2020 P a g e 50 | 56 District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal

Plate 2B21: Distribution Map of Sand Bars on Rivers During Post-Monsoon Period of Coochbehar District

Work order No. MDTC/PM-5/160/66; dt. 20.1.2020 P a g e 51 | 56 District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal

Plate 2B22: Distribution Map of Sand Bars on Rivers During Post-Monsoon Period of Coochbehar District

Work order No. MDTC/PM-5/160/66; dt. 20.1.2020 P a g e 52 | 56 District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal

Plate 2B23: Distribution Map of Sand Bars on Rivers During Post-Monsoon Period of Coochbehar District

Work order No. MDTC/PM-5/160/66; dt. 20.1.2020 P a g e 53 | 56 District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal

Plate 2B24: Distribution Map of Sand Bars on Rivers During Post-Monsoon Period of Coochbehar District

Work order No. MDTC/PM-5/160/66; dt. 20.1.2020 P a g e 54 | 56 District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal

Plate 2B25: Distribution Map of Sand Bars on Rivers During Post-Monsoon Period of Coochbehar District

Work order No. MDTC/PM-5/160/66; dt. 20.1.2020 P a g e 55 | 56 District Survey Report Coochbehar West Bengal

Plate 2B26: Distribution Map of Sand Bars on Rivers During Post-Monsoon Period of Coochbehar District

Work order No. MDTC/PM-5/160/66; dt. 20.1.2020 P a g e 56 | 56