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Historical Archives in Chinese Christian Colleges from Before 1949

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Historical Archives in Chinese Christian Colleges from Before 1949 (Louvain: Ferdinand Verbiest Foundation, 1994), a volume that Presbyterian Church of England Overseas Mission, and the includes substantive as well as bibliographic essays; and E. London Missionary Society. Zurcher, N. Standaert, S.J., and A. Dudink, Bibliography of the A valuable index to the Chinese Recorder, the principal Prot­ Jesuit Mission in China ca. 1580-ca. 1680(Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1991). estant mission journal published in China for over half a century, For Protestant missions based in the United States, the work to has been compiled by Kathleen Lodwick, The Chinese Recorder begin with is Archie R. Crouch et al., eds., Christianityin China: A Index: A GuidetoChristian Missions inAsia,1867-1941 (Wilmington, Scholars' Guideto Resources in the Libraries andArchivesof the U.S. Del.: Scholarly Resources, 1986). For biographical sketches of (Armonk, N.Y.: M. E. Sharpe, 1989). Useful for Canada is Peter Jesuits in China until 1800, there is Joseph Dehergne, S.J.,Reper­ Mitchell, MargoS.Gewurtz,and AlwynAustin, comps., Guideto toire desJesuits deChina de1552a1800(Rome and Paris: Bibliotheca ArchivalResources onCanadian Missionaries in EastAsia,1890-1960 Instituti Historici S.L, 1973). Still useful for factual data on (Univ. of Toronto-York Univ.: Joint Centre for Asian Pacific Chinese institutions of higher learning, scholarly and profes­ Studies, 1988). And for Great Britain, see Leslie R. Marchant, A sional associations, libraries, and other institutions as of 1933-35 Guide to the Archives and Records of ProtestantChristian Missions is W. Y. Chyne, Handbook ofCultural Institutions in China (Taipei: from the British Isles to China, 1796-1914 (Nedlands: Univ. of Ch'eng-wen Publishing, 1967), reprint of a 1936 edition. Western Australia Press, 1966). Several institutions have collected oral histories of China In addition to the archives of denominational societies, missionaries, including Maryknoll Sisters Archives and major U.S. collections on Protestant missions are at Union Theo­ Maryknoll Fathers and Brothers Archives, Maryknoll, NewYork; logical Seminary, NewYork City; BillyGrahamCenter,Wheaton American Lutheran Church Archives, St. Paul, Minnesota; Gra­ College, Wheaton, Ill.; and Yale Divinity School, New Haven. ham Center Archives, Wheaton College, Wheaton, Illinois; St. Martha L. Smalley has compiled an excellent finding guide for John's University Archives, Jamaica, New York; and China Mis­ Yale: Yale University Divinity School: FindingAids to Archivesand sionaries Oral History Collection, Claremont Colleges, Califor­ MSS Collections. The archives of the Council for World Mission, nia. Though these materials should be checked against other School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, sources, they can provide a sense of immediacy and of personal hold the papers of the Commonwealth Missionary Society, the reality. Historical Archives in Chinese Christian Colleges from Before 1949 Peter Tze Ming Ng he search for archival records about the Christian mis­ for the writing of institutional histories, but as a means of T sion in China dates from the late 1950s. The first biblio­ exploringthe significance of Christianeducationfor the develop­ graphic guide was published in 1962.1 In 1989 a major guide was ment of modern education in China, of East-West relationships, produced by Archie Crouch: Christianity in China: A Scholars' and of East-West cultural exchanges in the nineteenth and the Guide toResources in theLibraries andArchivesofthe UnitedStates? early twentieth centuries. There was concern that the Christian On a smaller scale, Canadian scholars compiled GuidetoArchival college archives might have been destroyed or widely dispersed Resources on Canadian Missionaries in EastAsia: 1890-1960.3 in the past forty-five years. Therefore an urgent need was felt for While the materials in these North American archives are of updated information regarding the nature and whereabouts of great value, equally valuable, if not more so, would be archival the Christiancollege archives. Scholars would thenbe able to use records in China itself. After the gradual release of archival the information about the availability of archives in China to materials under the open-door policy of the late 1980s, Chinese launch in-depth studies using the newly released archives." scholars began to pay attention to the possible existence of With support from the Research Enablement Program of the Christian archives in China. Overseas Ministries Study Center, New Haven, I had the oppor­ In 1993 an international symposium, Historical Archives of tunity to arrange several consultations in China in 1994 and 1995 Pre-1949 Christian Higher Education in China, was held in Hong that consolidated and updated information about Christian col­ Kong.' It sparked muchinterest amongscholarsand researchers, lege archives in China. I was able to meet scholars from various both from outside and from within China. Scholars began to see parts of China and visit some of the archives in China. the value of archives of Christian colleges in China, not merely Current Status Peter Tze Ming Ng is a lecturer at the Chinese Universityof Hong Kong. He We now know that there are huge collections of archival materi­ received an M.Div. (1975) and Dip.Ed. (1978) from the Chinese Universityof als from Christian colleges in China." The estimate is more than Hong Kong, and an M.A. (1983) and Ph.D. (1985) from the University of London InstituteofEducation. Thisreport covers several small-scale missiological 13,000 volumes." These materials have been largely untouched consultations financed by theResearch Enablement Program, agrant program in the last forty-five years. Though it was thought that some for mission scholarship supported by thePewCharitable Trusts, Philadelphia, might have been destroyed or lost during the years of turmoil in Pennsylvania, andadministered bytheOverseas MinistriesStudy Center, New China, in fact most had been placed safely under seal and did not Haven, Connecticut. suffer much damage. Most of the collections are stored in na­ 106 INTERNATIONAL BULLETIN OF MISSIONARY RESEARCH tiona1, provincial, and municipal archives in China; some remain tory and catalogs (12 volumes), minutes and management files in libraries and institutions that were associated with the former (38 volumes), student records and class lists (59 volumes), and Christian colleges. university publications (26 volumes). The remaining sketchy The Archives Law of the People's Republic of China (1987) portions are kept at Suzhou University Archives and Suzhou provides that the pre-1949 archives will be gradually released Municipal Library. and will be accessible to scholars and researchers, including In Hangzhou, the archives of Hangchow University are kept overseas scholars and foreigners." Much of the Christian col­ mainly at Zhejiang Provincial Archives (251 volumes), Zhejiang leges' archives are now open to outside scholars." The following Provincial Library (10 volumes), University of Hangzhou Ar­ is some of the key information gathered from the consultations. chives (29 volumes), and University of Hangzhou Library (7 In Shanghai, the historical archives of four of the Christian volumes). colleges-University of Shanghai, St. John's University, Aurora In Fuzhou, there are 457 volumes of Fukien Christian Uni­ University, and Soochow University-are held in the Municipal versity archives, covering the period from 1932 to 1951, plus 114 Archives." According to a document issued by Shanghai Mu- volumes of Hwa Nan Women's College archives, covering the period from 1915 to 1951, all kept at Fujian Provincial Archives. There is also a large collectionof archives kept under the heading Although it was feared that "Education Bureau of Fujian Provincial Government" (12,809 volumes), There were also some student theses (906 titles, from the archives of Christian the years 1931 to 1952) kept at Fujian Normal University Library. colleges in China had been In [inan, there are 2,002 volumes of Cheeloo University archives stored at Shandong Provincial Archives," cataloged destroyed during the years under the following headings: of turmoil, most survived. a. Archives from the Presidents' Office, 1912-1949 (664 volumes); b. Archives about the Students (423 volumes); nicipal Archives in June 1991, there are 1,113volumes of archives c. Archives from the various Colleges, including minutes from the University of Shanghai, covering the period 1906 to and reports of the Institute of Chinese Studies, School of 1952, of which 721 volumes had been released. There were 1,787 Medicine, and the School of Theology (130 volumes); volumes from the St. John's archives, covering the period from d. Archives from the General Office, 1915-1949, includ­ 1879 to 1952, of which 1,340 had been released. There were 1,249 ing financial reports (381 volumes); volumes from the Aurora University archives, covering the e. Archives after the Liberation, i.e., 1950-1952 (404 vol­ period from 1903 to 1952, of which 1,069 had been released. And umes). there were 509 volumes from the Soochow University archives, covering the period from 1915 to 1952, of which492 volumes had In addition, there are 248 volumes kept at ShandongUniver­ been released." In addition, it was found that Shanghai Library, sity of Medical Sciences Archives, of which 159 volumes belong which is the second largest library in China, holds many of the to the former Shangtung Christian University (i.e., Cheeloo journals and publications of the Christian
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