DOCSLIB.ORG

20151029-Zhoushan-Marine-Energy

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

适合4：3投影屏幕(副标题) Contents 1. General situation of new district of Zhoushan Islands of Zhejiang, China Zhoushan is located in Zhoushan islands of Zhejiang Province, and situated along the eastern coast of China, on the ocean surface of East China Sea at the outer edge of Hangzhou Bay at the south side of the Yangtze River Estuary. Zhoushan is the first prefectural city established based on the islands in China, known as the “Buddhist Kingdom on the sea, fishing port city", and is the maritime gateway and channel open to the outside world in the Yangtze River Basin and the Yangtze River Delta. Total regional area: 22,200 square kilometers Number of islands: 1390 Land area: 1440 square kilometers Permanent resident population: 1,140,000 GDP per capita in 2014: 89,000 yuan (about USD14,500) Good Famous Beautiful In 2014, the added value of the city's marine economy accounted deep-water fishing Tourist for 69.8% of GDP. harbor metropolis resort 1. General situation of new district of Zhoushan Islands of Zhejiang, China Zhoushan lies at the confluence of the East China Gold Coastline and the Yangtze River golden waterway, backing on to the vast economic hinterland of the Yangtze River Delta, and it is the maritime portal and channel to open to the outside world in the Yangtze River Basin and the Yangtze River Delta. Beijing Tokyo Seoul Kobe Pusan Shanghai Zhoushan Guangzhou Taipei Hongkong 1. General situation of new district of Zhoushan Islands of Zhejiang, China The State Council formally approved the establishment of Zhejiang Zhoushan Islands District on June 30, 2011, and it becomes the fourth national level district, and also the first national level district established based on marine economy. Positioning of three strategies Five development goals Bulk commodity storage and transfer, International Pilot Area of development of marine transaction and processing center logistics hub island economy in Zhejiang Important eastern maritime portal Portal island opening to the outside world opening to outside Four islands Important growth pole for economic Important base for modern ocean Marine industry and development in the Yangtze River Delta industry concentrated island one Demonstration zone for comprehensive protection International ecological city and development of ocean and island and leisure island Experiment zone for integrated ocean development pilot area for coordinating land and Garden city on the marine development sea 1. General situation of new district of Zhoushan Islands of Zhejiang, China Development and utilization of oil and gas in East China Sea and deep sea mineral Key industry to be developed resources Active utilization of marine new energy Port and navigation service industry Marine engineering equipment and shipbuilding industry Marine tourism Wind power Marine resources comprehensive development and utilization industry Marine organism industry Modern marine fishery Tidal power 2. Characteristics of ocean energy resources in Zhoushan China ocean energy resources status (based on the statistics of the State Oceanic Administration) Theoretical potential Technical potential Types of MRE / GW / GW 1 Tidal Range 192.86 22.3 2 Tidal Current 8.32 1.66 3 Wave 7.70 1.52 4 OTEC 367.00 25.70 5 Salinity Gradient 113.08 11.31 6 Offshore Wind 980.43 570.34 total 1669.39 633.36 Zhejiang Fujian In China, the tidal range energy is mainly concentrated in two coastal provinces, Zhejiang and Fujian, accounting for about 90% of the total. Zhoushan The tidal current energy resources of China is most abundant in Zhejiang coastal area, amounting to about 5.17 million kilowatts ( 5.17GW), and accounting for more than half of the total nationwide potential tidal current energy resources, which is mainly concentrated in the estuary of Hangzhou Bay and Zhoushan Islands. The wave energy resources in China are most abundant in Guangdong coastal area, the next are Fujian, Zhejiang, Hainan and Shandong, accounting for 90% of the total. 2. Characteristics of ocean energy resources in Zhoushan Status of ocean energy resources in Zhoushan Tidal Range Energy：The average tidal range in Zhoushan sea area is about 2m only, island and harbor area is small and many harbors have been developed into ports, docks, there are few bays suitable for tidal energy development, therefore, the area is slenderly endowed with tidal energy resources as a whole. Tidal Current Energy： The waterways in Zhoushan sea area is crisscross, the flow velocity of tidal current is big, the maximum flow velocity in waterway of several areas is 2.0-3.0m/s, and over 4.0m/s at most in partial areas, so it is an area rich in tidal current energy resources, and with most advantageous tidal current energy resource conditions among Chinese coastal areas. Wave Energy： Zhoushan sea area close to the East China Sea is a large wave zone along the coast of China, the long-period wave can go into this area. The sea area inside of the islands is shielded by islands, the wave height is smaller; the wave height is big in the open sea area in the east of the islands, average annual wave power density is more than 2.5kW/m, so the wave resources are abundant. To sum up, full use of unique advantages of the area such as concentration of ocean energy resources, convenient transportation and prosperous marine equipment manufacture industry to exploit and utilization clean marine renewable energy will be one of the effective means to promote energy structure transformation and drive the development of emerging marine industry in Zhoushan Islands District. 3. Development and utilization status quo of ocean energy in Zhoushan Tidal current energy--Tests and research 2×150 floating tidal power station Since 1990s, Guishan Waterway and Gaoting Waterway in Daishan sea area of Zhoushan City have been the hot areas for tests of domestic tidal power. At present, Harbin Engineering University, Zhejiang University, Daishan Science and Technology Development Center, Daishan Gaoting Shipyard and other units have carried out tests and research for tidal current energy projects of different scales (including 5kW, 10kW, 25kW 60kW, 150kW, 300kW, 600kW) and different technical types in Zhoushan, accumulated valuable experience in research and development of small-scale tidal power generation device and construction of pilot tidal power station. 70kW floating tidal power station 40kW bottom-supported tidal current power station “Underwater windmill” tidal current power station 60kW half direct drive horizontal 2×150 floating tidal power station 10kW horizontal axis tidal current power station axis tidal current power equipment Harbin Engineering University Zhejiang University 3. Development and utilization status quo of ocean energy in Zhoushan Tidal current energy -- Demonstration Project Marine energy grid-connected demonstration project in Daishan sea area of Zhoushan, Zhejiang （ National marine renewable energy special fund project in 2010 、 for which one set of AR1000 unit manufactured by Atlantis Resource Company will be installed ） The project construction unit: Zhejiang CECEP Ocean Energy Development Co., Ltd. Zhejiang Zhoushan tidal power demonstration project （ National marine renewable energy special fund project in 2013 ） The project construction unitChina Three Gorges Corporation The demonstration area: installed capacity of 1MW 3. Development and utilization status quo of ocean energy in Zhoushan Tidal current energy -- Demonstration Project LHD Lindong modularized large ocean tidal current energy generating unit demonstration project （ National marine renewable energy special fund project in 2013 、 It is national marine renewable energy special fund project in 2013, and was approved for construction on May 29, 2014, with a total investment of 163.1 million yuan. 4 groups of tidal power generating units by means of independent research and development are set with a total installed capacity of 9.8MW, namely, 3.4MW (Unit 1) +4MW (Unit 2) +1.6MW (Unit 3) +0.8MW (Unit 4) The project construction unit: Zhejiang Zhoushan LHD United Energy New Energy Development Co., Ltd. 3. Development and utilization status quo of ocean energy in Zhoushan Wave energy--Tests and research Under the National marine renewable energy special fund, Ocean College, Zhejiang University successfully developed a set of self-lifting type wave power platform “ZOU 1” (10kW spot-absorption type) and broke through several the bottom necks of key technologies in wave power field through technical research. 美国公开发明专利 Zhejiang Ocean University 3. Development and utilization status quo of ocean energy in Zhoushan Wave energy -- Demonstration Project Zhejiang renewable energy complementary power system demonstration project in Shengshan Island is about to be put into operation. And, the testing for the 300 kW pendulum wave energy installation is underway. The project construction unit: Shanghai Marine Diesel Engine Research Institute (SMDERI) under China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation Total installed capacity: 525kW 300kW wave energy 150kW wind energy 25kW solar energy 50kW biomass energy Seawater desalination device 3. Development and utilization status quo of ocean energy in Zhoushan Briefing of units engaged Zhoushan Campus of in ocean energy in Zhoushan Zhejiang University Founded in 1897, Zhejiang University is one of key universities under the Ministry of Education of China and ranks third among comprehensive universities in China. In May 2009, the demonstration base for cooperative construction of “Offshore Zhejiang”
Recommended publications
  • Sea State in Marine Safety Information Present State, Future Prospects

    Sea State in Marine Safety Information Present State, Future Prospects

    Sea State in Marine Safety Information Present State, future prospects Henri SAVINA – Jean-Michel LEFEVRE Météo-France Rogue Waves 2004, Brest 20-22 October 2004 JCOMM Joint WMO/IOC Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology The future of Operational Oceanography Intergovernmental body of technical experts in the field of oceanography and marine meteorology, with a mandate to prepare both regulatory (what Member States shall do) and guidance (what Member States should do) material. TheThe visionvision ofof JCOMMJCOMM Integrated ocean observing system Integrated data management State-of-the-art technologies and capabilities New products and services User responsiveness and interaction Involvement of all maritime countries JCOMM structure Terms of Reference Expert Team on Maritime Safety Services • Monitor / review operations of marine broadcast systems, including GMDSS and others for vessels not covered by the SOLAS convention •Monitor / review technical and service quality standards for meteo and oceano MSI, particularly for the GMDSS, and provide assistance and support to Member States • Ensure feedback from users is obtained through appropriate channels and applied to improve the relevance, effectiveness and quality of services • Ensure effective coordination and cooperation with organizations, bodies and Member States on maritime safety issues • Propose actions as appropriate to meet requirements for international coordination of meteorological and related communication services • Provide advice to the SCG and other Groups of JCOMM on issues related to MSS Chair selected by Commission. OPEN membership, including representatives of the Issuing Services for GMDSS, of IMO, IHO, ICS, IMSO, and other user groups GMDSS Global Maritime Distress & Safety System Defined by IMO for the provision of MSI and the coordination of SAR alerts on a global basis.
  • Headland Sediment Bypassing Processes

    Headland Sediment Bypassing Processes

    UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS HEADLAND SEDIMENT BYPASSING PROCESSES Doutoramento em Geologia Especialidade em Geodinâmica Externa Mónica Sofia Afonso Ribeiro Tese orientada por: Professor Doutor Rui Pires de Matos Taborda Doutora Aurora da Conceição Coutinho Rodrigues Bizarro Documento especialmente elaborado para a obtenção do grau de doutor 2017 UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS HEADLAND SEDIMENT BYPASSING PROCESSES Doutoramento em Geologia Especialidade em Geodinâmica Externa Mónica Sofia Afonso Ribeiro Tese orientada por: Professor Doutor Rui Pires de Matos Taborda Doutora Aurora da Conceição Coutinho Rodrigues Bizarro Júri: Presidente: ● Doutora Maria da Conceição Pombo de Freitas Vogais: ● Doutor António Henrique da Fontoura Klein ● Doutor Óscar Manuel Fernandes Cerveira Ferreira ● Doutora Anabela Tavares Campos Oliveira ● Doutor César Augusto Canelhas Freire de Andrade ● Doutor Rui Pires de Matos Taborda Documento especialmente elaborado para a obtenção do grau de doutor Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, no âmbito da Bolsa de Doutoramento com a referência SFRH/BD/79126/2011 2017 Em memória do meu irmão Luís Acknowledgments | Agradecimentos O doutoramento é um processo exigente, por vezes solitário, mas que só é possível com o apoio e a colaboração de outras pessoas e instituições. Portanto, resta-me agradecer a todos os que contribuíram para a conclusão deste trabalho. Em primeiro lugar agradeço aos meus orientadores, Rui Taborda e Aurora Bizarro, que têm acompanhado o meu trabalho desde os meus primeiros passos na Geologia Marinha, já lá vão 10 anos! A eles agradeço o incentivo para iniciar este projeto, o apoio demonstrado em todas as fases do trabalho, a confiança e a amizade. Ao Rui agradeço, em particular, a partilha e discussão de ideias e os desafios constantes que me permitiram evoluir.
  • Distribution Dynamics and Convergence Among 75 Cities and Counties in Yangtze River Delta in China: 1990-2005

    Distribution Dynamics and Convergence Among 75 Cities and Counties in Yangtze River Delta in China: 1990-2005

    Distribution Dynamics and Convergence among 75 Cities and Counties in Yangtze River Delta in China: 1990-2005 Hiroshi Sakamoto, ICSEAD and Jin Fan, Research Centre for Jiangsu Applied Economics, Jiangsu Administration Institute Working Paper Series Vol. 2009-25 November 2009 The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the Institute. No part of this article may be used reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in articles and reviews. For information, please write to the Centre. The International Centre for the Study of East Asian Development, Kitakyushu Distribution Dynamics and Convergence among 75 Cities and Counties in Yangtze River Delta in China: 1990-2005 Hiroshi Sakamoto♦ Jin Fan∗ Abstract This paper applies the distribution dynamics method to study the per capita income disparity from 1990 to 2005 among the 75 cities and counties in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD). The main conclusions are as follows: First, the distribution of per capita income across YRD has changed from bi-modal to being positively skewed over the period 1990–2005; the income disparity has been reduced in the 8th Five-Year Plan, enlarged in the 9th Five-Year Plan and then reduced again somewhat in the 10th Five-Year Plan. Second, the main contribution to disparity comes from the intra disparity of the Jiangsu region; especially, the distribution density of Jiangsu is bi-modal over the period. Third, the rich cities and the poor cities developed independently and steadily at different speeds.
  • North Pacific Ocean

    North Pacific Ocean

    468 ¢ U.S. Coast Pilot 7, Chapter 11 31 MAY 2020 Chart Coverage in Coast Pilot 7—Chapter 11 124° NOAA’s Online Interactive Chart Catalog has complete chart coverage 18480 http://www.charts.noaa.gov/InteractiveCatalog/nrnc.shtml 126° 125° Cape Beale V ANCOUVER ISLAND (CANADA) 18485 Cape Flattery S T R A I T O F Neah Bay J U A N D E F U C A Cape Alava 18460 48° Cape Johnson QUILLAYUTE RIVER W ASHINGTON HOH RIVER Hoh Head 18480 QUEETS RIVER RAFT RIVER Cape Elizabeth QUINAULT RIVER COPALIS RIVER Aberdeen 47° GRAYS HARBOR CHEHALIS RIVER 18502 18504 Willapa NORTH PA CIFIC OCEAN WILLAPA BAY South Bend 18521 Cape Disappointment COLUMBIA RIVER 18500 Astoria 31 MAY 2020 U.S. Coast Pilot 7, Chapter 11 ¢ 469 Columbia River to Strait of Juan De Fuca, Washington (1) This chapter describes the Pacific coast of the State (15) of Washington from the Washington-Oregon border at the ENCs - US3WA03M, US3WA03M mouth of the Columbia River to the northwesternmost Chart - 18500 point at Cape Flattery. The deep-draft ports of South Bend and Raymond, in Willapa Bay, and the deep-draft ports of (16) From Cape Disappointment, the coast extends Hoquiam and Aberdeen, in Grays Harbor, are described. north for 22 miles to Willapa Bay as a low sandy beach, In addition, the fishing port of La Push is described. The with sandy ridges about 20 feet high parallel with the most outlying dangers are Destruction Island and Umatilla shore. Back of the beach, the country is heavily wooded.
  • Community-Based Comprehensive Measures to Prevent Severe Fever

    Community-Based Comprehensive Measures to Prevent Severe Fever

    International Journal of Infectious Diseases 73 (2018) 63–66 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect International Journal of Infectious Diseases journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ijid Short Communication Community-based comprehensive measures to prevent severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome, China a,1 a,1 a,1 b c a a Yuchao Wang , Kefeng Li , Peng Li , Jimin Sun , Ling Ye , Yaxin Dai , An Tang , b d a a,d, Jianmin Jiang , Can Chen , Zhendong Tong , Jianbo Yan * a Zhoushan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China b Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China c Daishan County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China d Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article history: Received 28 December 2017 Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging disease caused by the SFTS virus Received in revised form 6 June 2018 (SFTSV) of the family Bunyaviridae. Since the virus was first isolated in 2009, it has become widespread in Accepted 6 June 2018 China, with an increasing number of cases year on year. Although the disease has been researched Corresponding Editor: Eskild Petersen, extensively in past years, there are still no effective measures to suppress the epidemic situation. This Aarhus, Denmark article reports a pilot study of comprehensive measures, including health education and risk communication, weed removal, livestock management, and tick control, to prevent this emerging Keywords: disease in an endemic region of China.
  • Waves and Tides the Preceding Sections Have Dealt with the Types Of

    Waves and Tides the Preceding Sections Have Dealt with the Types Of

    CHAPTER XIV Waves and Tides .......................................................................................................... Introduction The preceding sections have dealt with the types of motion in the ocean that bring about transport of water massesin a definite direction during a considerable length of time. They have also dealt with the random motion, the turbulence, which is superimposed upon the general flow. Besidesthese types, one has also to consider the oscillating motion characteristic of waves. In general, this motion manifests itself to the observer more by the riseand fall of the sea surface than by the motion of the individual water particles. Waves have attracted attention since before the beginning of recorded history, and in recent years they have been the subject of extensive theoretical studies. Surveys of our knowledge as to the character of ocean waves have been presented by Cornish (1912, 1934), Krtimmel (1911), Patton and Mariner (1932) and by Defant (1929). Lamb (1932) has discussed the hydrodynamic theories of waves, and Thorade (1931) has given a comprehensive review of the theoretical studies of ocean waves and has compiled a long list of literature covering the period from 1687 to 1930. Our understanding of the waves of the ocean, how they are formed and how they travel, is as yet by no means complete. The reason is, in the first place, that actual observations at sea are so difficult that the characteristicsof the waves cannot easily be determined. In the second place, the theories that serve to bring the observed sequence of events in nature into intimate connection with experience gained by other methods of study are still incomplete, particularly because most theories are based on classicalhydrodynamics, which deal with wave motion in an idealized fluid.
  • Spatial Distribution Pattern of Minshuku in the Urban Agglomeration of Yangtze River Delta

    Spatial Distribution Pattern of Minshuku in the Urban Agglomeration of Yangtze River Delta

    The Frontiers of Society, Science and Technology ISSN 2616-7433 Vol. 3, Issue 1: 23-35, DOI: 10.25236/FSST.2021.030106 Spatial Distribution Pattern of Minshuku in the Urban Agglomeration of Yangtze River Delta Yuxin Chen, Yuegang Chen Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China Abstract: The city cluster in Yangtze River Delta is the core area of China's modernization and economic development. The industry of Bed and Breakfast (B&B) in this area is relatively developed, and the distribution and spatial pattern of Minshuku will also get much attention. Earlier literature tried more to explore the influence of individual characteristics of Minshuku (such as the design style of Minshuku, etc.) on Minshuku. However, the development of Minshuku has a cluster effect, and the distribution of domestic B&Bs is very unbalanced. Analyzing the differences in the distribution of Minshuku and their causes can help the development of the backward areas and maintain the advantages of the developed areas in the industry of Minshuku. This article finds that the distribution of Minshuku is clustered in certain areas by presenting the overall spatial distribution of Minshuku and cultural attractions in Yangtze River Delta and the respective distribution of 27 cities. For example, Minshuku in the central and eastern parts of Yangtze River Delta are more concentrated, so are the scenic spots in these areas. There are also several concentrated Minshuku areas in other parts of Yangtze River Delta, but the number is significantly less than that of the central and eastern regions. Keywords: Minshuku, Yangtze River Delta, Spatial distribution, Concentrated distribution 1.
  • Ocean Wave Forecasting at ECMWF

    Ocean Wave Forecasting at ECMWF

    Ocean Wave Forecasting at ECMWF Jean-Raymond Bidlot Marine Aspects Section Predictability Division of the Research Department European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (E.C.M.W.F.) Reading, UK Slide 1 Ocean waves: We are dealing with wind generated waves at the surface of the oceans, from gentle to rough … Ocean wave Forecasting at ECMWF Slide 2 Ocean Waves Forcing: earthquake wind moon/sun Restoring: gravity surface tension Coriolis force 10.0 1.0 0.03 3x10-3 2x10-5 1x10-5 Frequency (Hz) Ocean wave Forecasting at ECMWF Slide 3 What we are dealing with? Water surface elevation, η Wave Period, T Wave Length, λ Wave Height, H Ocean wave Forecasting at ECMWF Slide 4 Wave Spectrum l The irregular water surface can be decomposed into (infinite) number of simple sinusoidal components with different frequencies (f) and propagation directions (θ ). l The distribution of wave energy among those components is called: “wave spectrum”, F(f,θ). Ocean wave Forecasting at ECMWF Slide 5 l Modern ocean wave prediction systems are based on statistical description of oceans waves (i.e. ensemble average of individual waves). l The sea state is described by the two-dimensional wave spectrum F(f,θ). Ocean Wave Modelling Ocean Wave Modelling Ocean wave Forecasting at ECMWF Slide 6 Ocean Wave Modelling l For example, the mean variance of the sea surface elevation η due to waves is given by: 〈η2〉 = F( f ,θ)dfdθ ∫∫ l The mean energy associated with those waves is: 2 energy= ρηw g l The statistical measure for wave height, called the significant wave height (Hs): 2 H s = 4 η The term significant wave height is historical as this value appeared to be well correlated with visual estimates of wave height from experienced observers.
  • Remote Sensing

    Remote Sensing

    remote sensing Article Contribution of Remote Sensing Technologies to a Holistic Coastal and Marine Environmental Management Framework: A Review Badr El Mahrad 1,2,3,* , Alice Newton 3, John D. Icely 3,4 , Ilias Kacimi 2, Samuel Abalansa 3 and Maria Snoussi 5 1 Murray Foundation, Brabners LLP, Horton House, Exchange Street, Liverpool L2 3YL, UK 2 Laboratory of Geoscience, Water and Environment, (LG2E-CERNE2D), Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat 10000, Morocco; [email protected]. 3 CIMA, FCT-Gambelas Campus, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; [email protected] (A.N.); [email protected] (J.D.I.); [email protected] (S.A.) 4 Sagremarisco, Apartado 21, 8650-999 Vila do Bispo, Portugal 5 Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat 10000, Morocco; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 1 May 2020; Accepted: 13 July 2020; Published: 18 July 2020 Abstract: Coastal and marine management require the evaluation of multiple environmental threats and issues. However, there are gaps in the necessary data and poor access or dissemination of existing data in many countries around the world. This research identifies how remote sensing can contribute to filling these gaps so that environmental agencies, such as the United Nations Environmental Programme, European Environmental Agency, and International Union for Conservation of Nature, can better implement environmental directives in a cost-effective manner. Remote sensing (RS) techniques generally allow for uniform data collection, with common acquisition and reporting methods, across large areas. Furthermore, these datasets are sometimes open-source, mainly when governments finance satellite missions.
  • The Wind and the Waves

    The Wind and the Waves

    The wind and the waves The windway Wave wars Graveyards Conflicting seas 17 The windway Sept-Îles Swell and wind waves Waves that have been formed elsewhere or before the wind - “We have to cross to Anticosti today, or we'll have trouble changed direction are called swell. The swell can be an indication tomorrow. They're calling for 30 knot winds tomorrow and the of approaching winds. sea will be too high for my liking. Sailing is a lot of fun, but you If the waves are flowing in the same direction as the wind, how- need strong nerves.” ever, you are looking at wind waves. If the wind should shift, you will encounter cross seas Fetch If there were never any wind, the St Lawrence would be a gigantic mirror, rising and falling with the tides. But that is not the case at all. Fetch: 50 nautical miles The St Lawrence is a vast surface that can be whipped up into Duration: 6 hours violent seas depending on the direction, duration and speed of the wind. Fetch is the distance over which the wind has been blowing from the same direction. The longer the fetch, the higher and longer WIND 15 KNOTS = WAVES 1.5 METRES = LENGTH 25 METRES the waves. After 12 hours at the same speed, though, the wind has almost no effect on the waves, except that it may cause them to lengthen, distance permitting. WIND 25 KNOTS = WAVES 3 METRES = LENGTH 32 METRES Since the fetch is limited on the St Lawrence, the waves cannot lengthen as much as they do out in the open ocean, so they often become very steep.
  • Satellites HY-1C and Landsat 8 Combined to Observe the Influence of Bridge on Sea Surface Temperature and Suspended Sediment Concentration in Hangzhou Bay, China

    Satellites HY-1C and Landsat 8 Combined to Observe the Influence of Bridge on Sea Surface Temperature and Suspended Sediment Concentration in Hangzhou Bay, China

    water Article Satellites HY-1C and Landsat 8 Combined to Observe the Influence of Bridge on Sea Surface Temperature and Suspended Sediment Concentration in Hangzhou Bay, China Shuyi Huang 1, Jianqiang Liu 2 , Lina Cai 1,*, Minrui Zhou 1, Juan Bu 1 and Jieni Xu 1 1 Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316004, China; [email protected] (S.H.); [email protected] (M.Z.); [email protected] (J.B.); [email protected] (J.X.) 2 National Satellite Ocean Application Service (NSOAS), Beijing 100081, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 8 August 2020; Accepted: 13 September 2020; Published: 17 September 2020 Abstract: We analyzed the influence of a cross-sea bridge on the sea surface temperature (SST) and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) of Hangzhou Bay based on landsat8_TIRS data and HY-1C data using an improved single window algorithm to retrieve the SST and an empirical formula to retrieve the SSC. In total, 375 paired sampling points and 70 transects were taken to compare the SST upstream and downstream of the bridge, and nine transects were taken to compare the SSC. The results show the following. (i) In summer, when the current flows through the bridge pier, the downstream SST of the bridge decreases significantly, with a range of 3.5%; in winter, generally, the downstream SST decreases but does not change as obviously as in summer. The downstream SSC increases obviously. (ii) The range of influence of the bridge pier on the downstream SST is about 0.3–4.0 km in width from the bridge and that on the downstream SSC is approximately 0.3–6.0 km.
  • Epidemiological Characteristics of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome in Zhejiang Province, China

    Epidemiological Characteristics of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome in Zhejiang Province, China

    International Journal of Infectious Diseases 25 (2014) e180–e185 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect International Journal of Infectious Diseases jou rnal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ijid Epidemiological characteristics of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in Zhejiang Province, China a,1 a,1 a,1 a b a Jimin Sun , Chengliang Chai , Huakun Lv , Junfen Lin , Chengwei Wang , Enfu Chen , a a a a, a, Yanjun Zhang , Zhiping Chen , Shelan Liu , Zhenyu Gong *, Jianmin Jiang * a Zhejiang Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310051, China b Daishan Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Daishan, China A R T I C L E I N F O S U M M A R Y Article history: Objectives: To summarize the epidemiological characteristics of severe fever with thrombocytopenia Received 29 January 2014 syndrome (SFTS) in Zhejiang Province, China. Received in revised form 25 February 2014 Methods: A standardized questionnaire was used to collect information on demographic features, Accepted 25 February 2014 exposure history, clinical symptoms, and timelines of medical visits. Descriptive statistics were used to Corresponding Editor: Eskild Petersen, analyze the characteristics of SFTS. Aarhus, Denmark Results: A total of 65 cases of SFTS were identified in Zhejiang Province from 2011 to 2013, of whom 34 were male and 31 were female. The median age was 66 years and 60 cases occurred in persons aged 50 Keywords: years. The majority (91%) of SFTS cases occurred between May and August. With regard to exposure Fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome history, patients had pursued outdoor activities (63%), had a history of exposure to a tick (68%) or tick Epidemiological characteristic bite (29%), bred domestic animals (31%), or had a history of exposure to a mouse (57%), and some patients Clinical characteristics had a multi-exposure history.