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California's Lithium Recovery Initiative Symposium DOCKETED Docket Number: 17-GRDA-01 Project Title: Geothermal Grant and Loan Program Workshops and Discussions TN #: 232064 Document Title: Presentations of California's Lithium Recovery Initiative - Symposium Description: February 12, 2020 Filer: Elisabeth de Jong Organization: California Energy Commission Submitter Role: Commission Staff Submission Date: 2/18/2020 8:45:00 AM Docketed Date: 2/18/2020 California’s Lithium Recovery Initiative Symposium Schedule: • 1:00 -1:30 Registration and Networking • 1:30 -1:45 Welcome and Opening Remarks • 1:45 - 2:15 Presentations: Innovation and Support • 2:15 - 2:45 Presentations: Market Opportunity • 2:45 - 3:00 Break • 3:00 - 3:30 Panel: Supply • 3:30 - 4:00 Panel: Demand • 4:00 - 4:30 Panel: Execution and Regulation • 4:30 - 5:00 Closing Remarks and Networking Welcome and Opening Remarks California’s Lithium Recovery Initiative Symposium • Chair David Hochschild, California Energy Commission • Tyson Eckerle, Deputy Director, ZEV Market Development, Office of Business and Economic Development (GO-Biz) Innovation and Support California’s Lithium Recovery Initiative Symposium Elisabeth de Jong February 12, 2020 Geothermal Grant and Loan Program California Energy Commission Geothermal Opportunities • Geothermal power plant development • Mineral coproduction Dawn, Salton Sea Geothermal Field Image Credit: Mike Krahmer 35 Critical Minerals - Lithium ru Energy Technology Industrial Steel Batteries Research HAFNIUM GERMANIUM BERYLLIUM MAGNESIUM ~ HELIUM RHENIUM INDIUM ZIRCONIUM CHROMIUM COBALT RUBIDIUM TANTALUM GALLIUM TUNGSTEN TIN ANTIMONY CESIUM ------- - --..... URANIUM { , RARE__________ EARTHS.,,,,,,.', ALUMINUM TELLURIUM GRAPHITE BISMUTH .,,,,,.-- ...- - ---.... PGMs ( MANGANESE ', ,__ __.,,,,,,. BARITE VANDiDM FLUORSPAR NIOBIUM ARSENIC SCANDIUM STRONTIUM TITANIUM --------........ ( -- POTASH , ....------ ---- Image Credit: Visual Capitalist Lithium Worldwide ,. ,. • Lithium Deposits Lithium ProducerType + Evaporation Ponds * Geothermal Brine ♦ Hard Rock Lithium Resourcesper Count D soo,ooo D 1,000,000 5,000,000 - 10,000,000 - 15,000,000 Lithium Productionper Count (Pure Lithium Content Tonnes) o 51 ,600 0 53 ,500 • 0 58 ,000 ....... - · 0 516,000 0 551,000 Lithium in California Geothermal Power Plant Known Geothermal Resource Area Lithium in Salton Sea Area • EnergySource Minerals -I Controlled Thermal Resources I Berkshire Hathaway Energy Known Geothermal Resource Area - Railroad Sal Salton S Del Ranch Vulcan .,"/,;./,;-:-"-.·. ..._ . ....-:: ..... Benefits of CA-Sourced Lithium Geothermal Power Plant • Supports Geothermal Image Credit: Mike Krahmer Development • Smaller Footprint, Lower Water Intensity • Integrated Renewable Generation • Offers National Security in Lithium Supply • Shorter Production Time • Economic Development in Disadvantaged Hard Rock Evaporation Ponds Greenbushes Communities Salar de Atacama Image Credit: Image Credit: NASA Google Earth California’s Lithium Recovery Initiative • CEC Support – Facilitated events on lithium recovery development – Funding from Geothermal Grant and Loan Program – Funding from Electric Program Investment Charge (EPIC) Salton Sea Infrared Image Credit: Janet Harvey Thank You! Elisabeth de Jong [email protected] February 12, 2020 Geothermal Grant and Loan Program California Energy Commission Geothermal Research and Development California’s Lithium Recovery Initiative Symposium Dr. Katharina Gerber Energy Generation Research Office Energy Research and Development Division California’s Leadership Greenhouse Gas Emissions Goals Transportation 41% (AB32, SB350, EO B-55-18): Industrial 24% 1990 level by 2020 40% below 1990 levels by 2030 Electricity 15% 80% below 1990 levels by 2050 AG/Forestry 8% Carbon Neutrality by 2045 Residential 7% Renewable and Clean Electricity Goal Commercial 5% 100% clean energy by 2045 (SB 100) 424.1 MMT CO2eq (2017) Source: CARB, Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory. California’s Leadership Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trends in California from 2000 to 2017 500 200 Transportation 490 180 Q,I 480 N 0 160 V 470 1-- CUN140 ~ 460 ~ u0 Electric Power VI C 450 ~ 120 .2 C VI C .!!! 440 E 202.0 L·mit = 431 ,S 100 U.I C (.!1 430 0 ::I: 80 Industrial --- (.!1 420 E 410 60 ------------------------------------------------------------------- 400 0 .-I N m -d" I.fl ID 00 m 0 .-I _,N m -=:1- _,L/'I ID o rl N rn ~ ~ ~ ~ oo m o rl N rn ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 "0 0 0 '<7 rl '<7 rl rl "rl 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 rl rl rl rl rl rl rl rl 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N Source: CARB, Trends of Emissions and Other Indicators. California’s Lithium Valley Vision Clean Clean Geothermal (Geothermal) Transportation Lithium Power California Energy Commission The California Energy Commission is the state’s primary energy policy and planning agency with seven core responsibilities: EPIC PROPOSED Invest in energy innovation 201 -2020 T IE NIAL INVESTMET PLA ELfCTR1CPROGRAM Advance state energy policy INVESTMENTOiARGE Achieve energy efficiency Develop renewable energy Transform transportation Oversee energy infrastructure Prepare for energy emergencies Geothermal Research Portfolio • New geothermal projects face technical and financial hurdles. • California Energy Commission provides the largest currently existing source of funding for geothermal energy research in the state. • EPIC provided $7 million to geothermal research. Project Highlight: Direct Lithium Extraction • $873,387 of EPIC funds provided to SRI Intl. • Innovative sorbent for lithium recovery from geothermal brine • Direct production of lithium carbonate without intermediate lithium chloride • No acidic waste • Technology is patented and licensed to ExSorption, Inc. • Hydrous manganese oxide • Plans to commercialize technology for lithium ( MO) nanoparticles extraction from geothermal brines. 8 Li-Imprinted polymer site Upcoming Lithium Recovery R&D Recent EPIC grant funding opportunity: • $14 million to geothermal research and demonstration projects • $10 out of $14 million to projects advancing direct lithium extraction from geothermal brine • Lithium recovery R&D aligns with the “Geovision Roadmap” by the U.S. Imperial Valley Geothermal Field. (Source: Land Use Database) Department of Energy Thank You! Dr. Katharina Gerber Energy Generation Research Office EPIC Program [email protected] Office of ENERGY EFFICIENCY & RENEWABLE ENERGY GTO Efforts in Geothermal Energy and Critical Materials California Lithium Recovery Initiative Symposium February 12, 2020 Sean Porse, Lead Analyst Geothermal Technologies Office GTO GeoVision and Mineral Recovery Images: NREL SUB-ACTION(S) DELIVERABLE(S) IMPACT(S) Ab ility to economica lly ext ract valuable SUB-ACTION 3.3.2: Analyze potent ial Economically feasible methods and strateg ic materials from geothe rmal and develop advanced technolog ies for and processes to recover mine rals! flu ids. Cost -effective ext ract ion of cost-e ffect ive and com mercial-scale from geothermal flu ids at t he st rategica lly importan t resources from mineral recovery. comme rcial scale. geot hermal brines. Phase I GTO Mineral Recovery FOA Awards – 2014 Funded Nine awards $4 million Funded Organization Organization Southern Research Geothermal Thermoelectric Generation (G Tussar Environmentally Friendly Economical Sequestration TEG) with Integrated Temperature Driven of Rare Earth Metals from Geothermal Waters Membrane Distillation and Novel Manganese Oxide for Lithium Extraction SRI International Selective Recovery of Metals from Geothermal LBNL Engineering Thermophilic Microorganisms to Brine Selectively Extract Strategic Minerals from Low Temperature Geothermal Brines University of Maximizing REE Recovery in Geothermal PNNL Magnetic Partitioning Nanofluid for Rare Earth California, Davis Systems Extraction from Geothermal Fluids Carnegie Mellon Chelating Resins for Selective Separation and PNNL Evaluation of Advanced Sorbent Structures for University Recovery of Rare Earth Elements from Low Recovery of Rare Earths, Precious Metals and other Temperature Geothermal Water Critical Materials from Geothermal Waters Simbol Determination of Rare Earths in Geothermal Brines and Evaluation of Potential Extraction Techniques -M ~- -····.J:-- ( f M ,I Polymerization +M J>··--~ Metal ion imprinted polymers (SRI International) Solid-State Sorbent Technology (PNNL) Phase II GTO Mineral Recovery FOA Awards – 2016 Funded Organization Four awards $3.8 million University of Wyoming Investigating rare earth element concentration in US oil and gas (produced) and geothermal waters EGI/University of Utah Assessing and characterizing strategic/critical materials in US geothermal and hydrocarbon Tulaosa reservoirs • Bioengineering specialized Lawrence Livermore Western US geothermal fields surveyed and sampled (U of Utah) National Laboratory microbes designed to extract rare earth metals from geothermal fluids Pacific Northwest National Demonstrating magnetic nanofluid Laboratory technology for REE extraction from geothermal brines Metal Organic Framework extraction example setup (PNNL) Lithium Recovery from Geothermal Brines – DOE Retrospective Key observations Different Approaches • Natural brines are complex – • Empirical (trial and error) they need to be evaluated in methods for extraction their entirety (simplified synthetic brines can produce • Modification of other misleading results in the lab) methods previously used for Li extraction
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