DOCSLIB.ORG

Jcc: Fall of the Berlin Wall East Germany

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Jcc: Fall of the Berlin Wall East Germany South Bay Model United Nations 2021 JCC: FALL OF THEEAST BERLIN GERMANY WALL [email protected] southbaymun.com/committees/jcc-east Co-Chairs: Niyatee Jain and Conner Yin Crisis Staff: Howard Peng, Luke Li, Janelle Cai Crisis Director: Parth Asawa Table of Contents Welcome Message 2 Position Papers 2 Introduction to JCC: East Germany 3 Topic Overview 3 Case Studies 4 Key Issues 6 Questions to Consider 7 Works Cited 8 Welcome Message Hey everyone! Welcome to SBMUN’s JCC Committee. In this joint committee, we will be discussing the Berlin Wall and the events that led up to the fall of the Berlin Wall, specifically from East Germany’s point of view. We hope that you will enjoy the committee, and most of all have fun participating. Your Chairs and Crisis Staff Position Papers Position papers are to be emailed as a PDF to ​[email protected]​ by ​March 26​. You will not be eligible for any award if you do not submit a position statement. In order to show your research into your topics, we request that each delegate submit a 2–5 page, typed, and double-spaced position paper, to be emailed as a PDF to [email protected]​ by ​March 26​ at 11:59 pm. Google Drive links will not be accepted. In this research paper, we request that you write three sections: one on an overview of your topic, one on your country or individual’s policies as extrapolated from the sources you evaluate, and one on the solution(s) you propose in your topic. We would also like for you to cite your sources in this paper to show that you have performed research. As this is a crisis committee, you will be expected to put forward a plan for the success of the organization in your solutions section. The heading should look like this (please do not include your name OR your school name in the heading!): Character Name/Position JCC East Germany SBMUN V If you have any specific questions about position papers, please feel free to email [committee email]! Introduction to JCC: East Germany Joint Crisis Committees are a special type of crisis committee as the actions done in either committee can have an affect on the other committee. In this specific committee, delegates in the East German committee will be working against the West German committee. Large actions done in both committees can and will affect each other directly. Crisis committee procedure differs from general assembly, as crisis moves forward through crisis notes as well as your general moderated/unmoderated caucuses. There are three types of crisis notes: personal (used to push yourself forward), joint/personal (done in collaboration with one or two other delegates, and committee (large actions that are voted and passed on by committee [sort of like resolutions]). This is a general overview of how the committee will work, and more procedural information can be given either by emailing the chairs (​[email protected]​) or at the beginning of the committee during SBMUN. Please also message the chairs if you have clarification questions surrounding content given in the background guide. Topic Overview Following the events of World War II, the Allied forces divided Germany into four occupation zones during the Potsdam conferences in 1945. Each zone was controlled by one of the following Allied forces: United States, United Kingdom, France, and the Soviet Union. East Germany was heavily influenced by the Soviet Union. The German capital of Berlin lied solely in the zone controlled by the Soviet Union, though was split into East and West Berlin. The Soviet Union, in conjunction with concurring East Germans, created a communist regime in East Berlin which became the German Democratic Republic, while the other Allies created a similar regime in West Berlin called the Federal Republic of Germany. The people of West Germany seemed to be thriving under capitalism and support from the other allies. In 1948, Western attempts to spread this regime caused the Soviet Union to prevent any food, materials, and people from arriving in West Berlin through land. This led to the Berlin Airlift, where other countries would provide supplies to West Berlin through airlift. During the airlift, an Allied supply plane landed in West Berlin every 30 seconds, making a total of 300,000 flights over the course of the event. This was the only way any residents could get supplies from outside the city. Eventually, the blockade was lifted in 1949 by Joseph Stalin, seeing that it was ineffective due to the success of the airlift. Over the next 10 years, immigration out of East Berlin/Germany grew more and more prominent, causing Walter Ulbricht, head of the Germany Democratic Republic, to propose the building of the Berlin Wall. The Berlin Wall was then established in 1961. Two years following the Berlin Wall's construction, under East and West Berlin's agreement, over 170,000 passes were issued to West Berlin citizens, allowing for a one-day visit to East Berlin. In West Berlin, many newspapers viewed visitors to East Germany as pawns of East German propaganda and claimed that communists would use the visitation policy as a ploy to gain acceptance of Germany's permanent division. The revolutions of 1989 in Poland and Hungary challenged the Communist government and set the stage for a popular movement. This resulted in refugees from Eastern Europe going through Hungary and Germany in the biggest escape movement since the Berlin Wall was constructed. The year is now 1989 and the rise of East German refugees plus calls for the destruction of the Berlin Wall from Western politics, media, and figures, creates a problem for West Germany. With many West Germans upset at the wall, while many East Germans, with the exclusion of the refugees that may be there in East Berlin, are supportive of their government, it will be your jobs as delegates to figure out what will happen next. Case Studies Emigration From 1949 to 1961, many people left East Germany for West Germany because they believed that West Germany was more prosperous and had a better political climate in comparison to the communist East Germany (Connolly 2019). This caused a “brain drain” in East Germany, as many of those who left were educated or skilled workers. As a result, the Berlin wall was initially built in order to prevent emigration from East Germany to West Germany, even though the official reason was to prevent “fascists” from West Germany from entering into East Germany (“Berlin Wall” 2019). The wall’s height, as well as other defenses such as barbed wire and guards, made it very difficult for anyone to leave. Over 100,000 citizens tried to escape, and at least 140 people were killed in trying to do so (“Victims”). However, only around 5,000 people were able to successfully escape, and they took great risks in doing so (Blakemore 2019). Government After WWII, Germany was partitioned into four occupation zones split between France, Britain, America, and the Soviet Union as part of the Yalta agreement (“Berlin Blockade.”). The primary purpose of the conference was to limit Germany’s future capacity for war (Llewellyn). In reality however, the agreement was backed by other interests as well-- for the Soviets, maintaining hegemonic control of European nations was crucial for its expansionist policies at the time, which involved setting up numerous friendly communist governments in Eastern European nations. For the Allies, they saw Germany as a buffer for the communist threat they recognized in the Soviet Union. These special interests tore Germany in two, and set the stage for the construction of the Berlin Wall. On October 7th, 1979, the Soviet Union ceded political control to a new, independent government in East Germany: the German Democratic Republic. Under a newly written constitution, citizens were granted basic civil freedoms including the right to protest. The socialist regime promised that all Eastern German citizens would be treated equally. In reality, this was far from the truth. First, citizens had very little civil power. All legislative matters were decided by a politburo under the single ruling party, the Socialist Unity Party (abbreviated as SED) (Solsten). Moreover, the Soviet Union still maintained significant legal control over the GDR until around 1955 (Ferstanau). And finally, historically marginalized groups such as the queer population in East Germany at the time experienced direct homophobia, oftentimes directly by the hands of government officials (Armstrong). The GDR also experimented with a command economy. The government made numerous attempts to nationalize key industries, in particular agriculture. By the 1960s, almost 85% of all available farmland was consolidated into “Landwirtschaftliche Produktionsgenossenschaft,” or collectivized farmland. This period of time was marked by many food shortages and strikes, largely seen today as a failure in a planned economic system. Revolutions In the 1980s, anti-communist sentiment was growing in East Germany. Millions of East Germans watched Western television and saw the riches and luxuries in the West while living in squalor and filth. For many years, Pastor Christopher Wonneberger led “peace prayers” in Protestant Nikolaikirche - St Nicholas Church. (BBC) The church was known as a safe place where dissenters could freely speak against the government. As conditions grew worse and worse, many citizens arrived at the church. On September 4th, many protesters gathered in Leipzig for the freedom of speech and assembly . That day was the international fair in Leipzig, and Western journalists were allowed into the city. Though the protest was quickly suppressed, Western media covered the brutality and millions of West Germans saw the protesters not as counter-revolutionary criminals, but as citizens who wanted to make a change.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Dynamics of Soviet–East German Relations in the Early Cold War
    © Copyright, Princeton University Press. No part of this book may be distributed, posted, or reproduced in any form by digital or mechanical means without prior written permission of the publisher. INTRODUCTION The Dynamics of Soviet–East German Relations in the Early Cold War The two states that emerged from the defeated Germany were central to the development of the cold war. Rapidly evolving from defeated objects of Four Power policy, the two Germanys became important actors in their own right on the front line of the cold war. Both super- powers initially treated their part of Germany as war booty to be plun- dered and kept weak, but as the cold war developed, they would each come to see their part of Germany as an essential ally whose needs were intertwined with their own. For political, military, economic, and ideo- logical reasons, the superpowers engaged in a competition for allies to show that their side of the cold war was the stronger, more popular, more vibrant one. They also wanted to ensure that their German ally would not unite with the other against them. Beginning in the 1950s, the superpowers invested themselves, and their reputations, increasingly in their German allies, who were adept at taking advantage of this situation. While there have been a variety of in-depth studies of the U.S.–West German alliance,1 there has been much less investigation of the Soviet– East German alliance.2 This book will take advantage of the opening of former communist archives to examine the Soviet–East German side of the cold war from Josef Stalin’s death in 1953 through the building of the Berlin Wall in 1961.
    [Show full text]
  • August 21, 1968 Letter from the Central Committees of The
    Digital Archive digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org International History Declassified August 21, 1968 Letter from the Central Committees of the Bulgarian, East German, Hungarian, Polish, and Soviet Communist Parties regarding the Warsaw Pact intervention in Czechoslovakia Citation: “Letter from the Central Committees of the Bulgarian, East German, Hungarian, Polish, and Soviet Communist Parties regarding the Warsaw Pact intervention in Czechoslovakia,” August 21, 1968, History and Public Policy Program Digital Archive, ANIC, Fond CC RCP - Chancellery, File No. 133/1968, pp. 27-36. Translated by Delia Razdolescu. http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/110458 Summary: Letter from the Central Committees of the Communist Parties of East Germany, Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria and the Soviet Union explaining the need for intervention in Czechoslovakia. The letter lays out the rationale behind the Brezhnev Doctrine. Original Language: Romanian Contents: English Translation TO THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE ROMANIAN COMMUNIST PARTY The Central Committee of the Bulgarian Communist Party, of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party, of the Socialist United Party of Germany, of the Polish United Workers' Party and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union make it their duty to inform you that most of the members of the Presidium of the C.C. of the C.P. of Czechoslovakia and of the Government of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic addressed us the request to grant the Czechoslovak people without delay support in the struggle against the rightist, anti-socialist and counterrevolutionary forces, as in the wake of the developments of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, there appeared a real danger of a counterrevolution and of losing the conquests of socialism.
    [Show full text]
  • Konrad Adenauer and the Cuban Missile Crisis: West German Documents
    SECTION 5: Non-Communist Europe and Israel Konrad Adenauer and the Cuban Missile Crisis: West German Documents access agency, the exchange of mutual non-aggression declara- d. Note: Much like the other NATO allies of the United tions and the establishment of FRG-GDR technical commissions. States, West Germany was not involved in either the ori- Somehow the proposals leaked to the German press, leading gins or the resolution of the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis.1 Secretary of State Dean Rusk to protest the serious breach of confi- EBut, of course, nowhere in Europe was the immediate impact of dence. Hurt by the accusation, Adenauer withdrew his longstand- Khrushchev’s nuclear missile gamble felt more acutely than in ing confidante and ambassador to Washington, Wilhelm Grewe. Berlin. Ever since the Soviet premier’s November 1958 ultima- Relations went from cool to icy when the chancellor publicly dis- tum, designed to dislodge Western allied forces from the western tanced himself from Washington’s negotiation package at a press sectors of the former German Reich’s capital, Berlin had been the conference in May. By time the missile crisis erupted in October, focus of heightened East-West tensions. Following the building Adenauer’s trust in the United States had been severely shaken.4 of the Berlin Wall in August 1961 and the October stand-off The missile crisis spurred a momentary warming in the between Soviet and American tanks at the Checkpoint Charlie uneasy Adenauer-Kennedy relationship. Unlike other European crossing, a deceptive lull had settled over the city.2 allies, Adenauer backed Kennedy’s staunch attitude during the cri- Yet the Berlin question (centering around Western rights sis wholeheartedly, a fact that did not go unnoticed in Washington.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 the Wall of Words: Radio and the Construction of the Berlin Wall Kate
    The Wall of Words: Radio and the construction of the Berlin Wall Kate Lacey, University of Sussex This paper draws on the BBC monitoring reports of radio stations in the West and East to examine how the building of the Berlin Wall was discursively constructed in the weeks leading up to the overnight closure of the inner city frontier on 13 August 1961. It draws specifically on files relating to broadcasts from both East and West Germany over the summer months to see how the closure of the frontier hung in the airwaves. Background Of course the story of the postwar division of Germany and its capital Berlin into 4 zones is very well known, as is the fact that there had been growing tension and repeated flashpoints as the Cold War set in, from the Soviet blockade of the Western sectors of Berlin and the Berlin Airlift in 1948 that saw the end of the joint administration and led to the foundation in 1949 of the two German states. East Berlin remained as capital of the German Democratic Republic, while the capital of the Federal Republic moved to Bonn, leaving West Berlin formally to remain a territory under Allied supervision, but with open borders to the East. In May 1953 the border was closed between East and West Germany, but not between the two halves of Berlin. Five years later, Kruschchev claimed that Bonn had ‘erected a wall between the two parts of Germany’ (Wilke, p.149) and delivered his Berlin Ultimatum, demanding the withdrawal of Western troops from West Berlin so that Berlin could become a ‘free city’ in a move towards a confederation of the two Germanies.
    [Show full text]
  • Download the Publication
    COLD WAR INTERNATIONAL HISTORY PROJECT WORKING PAPER #54 Sino-Hungarian Relations and the 1956 Revolution By Péter Vámos November 2006 THE COLD WAR INTERNATIONAL HISTORY PROJECT WORKING PAPER SERIES Christian F. Ostermann, Series Editor This paper is one of a series of Working Papers published by the Cold War International History Project of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington, D.C. Established in 1991 by a grant from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, the Cold War International History Project (CWIHP) disseminates new information and perspectives on the history of the Cold War as it emerges from previously inaccessible sources on “the other side” of the post-World War II superpower rivalry. The project supports the full and prompt release of historical materials by governments on all sides of the Cold War, and seeks to accelerate the process of integrating new sources, materials and perspectives from the former “Communist bloc” with the historiography of the Cold War which has been written over the past few decades largely by Western scholars reliant on Western archival sources. It also seeks to transcend barriers of language, geography, and regional specialization to create new links among scholars interested in Cold War history. Among the activities undertaken by the project to promote this aim are a periodic BULLETIN to disseminate new findings, views, and activities pertaining to Cold War history; a fellowship program for young historians from the former Communist bloc to conduct archival research and study Cold War history in the United States; international scholarly meetings, conferences, and seminars; and publications.
    [Show full text]
  • The Berlin Wall: Life, Death and the Spatial Heritage of Berlin Gérard-François Dumont
    The Berlin Wall: Life, Death and the Spatial Heritage of Berlin Gérard-François Dumont To cite this version: Gérard-François Dumont. The Berlin Wall: Life, Death and the Spatial Heritage of Berlin. History Matters, 2009, pp.1-10. halshs-01446296 HAL Id: halshs-01446296 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01446296 Submitted on 25 Jan 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. HOME ABOUT FEATURES BOOK REVIEWS PODCASTS EXHIBITS CONTACT The Berlin Wall: Life, Death and the Spatial Heritage of Berlin By Rector Gérard-François Dumont Professor at the University of Paris-Sorbonne Chairman of the Journal Population & Avenir Translated by Thomas Peace, York University Abstract Introduction Before the wall: Demographic haemorrhage Much more than a wall Crossing the Great Wall Death of the wall Is the wall still present? Berlin’s spatial paradox Further Reading Abstract Walls that divide are meant to be broken down. Twenty years after the fall of the Berlin Wall, the legacy of the East-West division can still be seen in the city’s architecture, economy and overall culture. This paper examines Berlin’s spatial and political history from the wall’s beginnings to the long-term repercussions still being felt today.
    [Show full text]
  • Economic Development of Comecon Countries
    Munich Personal RePEc Archive Economic development of Comecon countries Dumitriu, Ramona and Stefanescu, Răzvan Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati 28 September 2015 Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/89012/ MPRA Paper No. 89012, posted 15 Sep 2018 06:57 UTC VANGUARD SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS IN MANAGEMENT, vol. 12, no. 1, 2016, ISSN 1314-0582 Economic Development of Comecon Countries Ramona Dumitriu, Razvan Stefanescu Abstract: In 1949, Soviet Union and some of its satellites created Comecon with the announced goal to facilitate economic cooperation between the socialist countries. The inefficiency of socialist systems affected the performances of Comecon members. However, the analysis of economic development from some of these countries should take into consideration the substantial subsidies received from other Comecon members. Keywords: Economic Development; Comecon; Socialist Systems JEL: N10, O10, O20, P20, P36 1. INTRODUCTION The concept of economic development is aproached from various perspectives in the specialized literature. The Human Development Report 1990, elaborated by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), defines the basic objective of economic development as “to create an environment for people to enjoy long, wealthy and creative lives” (UNDP, 1990). This objective is linked to the quality of life which is evaluated by various indicators: life expectancy, level of nutrition, literacy rates etc. (Birdsall, 1993; Easterlin, 1995; Easterlin, 2000; Alkire, 2002; Veenhoven & Hagerty, 2006; Easterlin & Angelescu, 2012). Sen (2001) included freedom among the main dimensions of the economic development. Todaro & Smith (2012) proposed three aspects to characterize the economic development: - increase of living conditions; - improvement of the citizens self-esteem needs; - free and just society.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction CSCE, the German Question, and the Eastern Bloc
    Introduction CSCE, the German Question, and the Eastern Bloc ✣ Gottfried Niedhart During a visit to Israel in June 1973, West German Chancellor Willy Brandt spoke at the Weizmann Institute in Jerusalem about the development of East-West relations. As always, he emphasized the gradual nature of his own approach. A “sustainable peace policy” was to him no “project of large leaps.” Instead, he described his own policy as one of “small, progressing steps.” Even the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE), which was about to start in Helsinki in the summer of 1973 and comprised all European states (with the exception of Albania) plus Canada and the United States, should not lead to “wishful thinking,” Brandt declared. “And yet, who would have dared to predict a decade ago that a conference of such constructive substance was taking shape!”1 The preceding years—the early 1970s—had witnessed a new form of rapprochement between East and West in general and between the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) and the member-states of the Warsaw Pact in particular. Although this new form of interaction did not eliminate the fundamental conflict between East and West, it did change the mode and framework in which the conflict was to be conducted from then on. The Final Act of the CSCE, signed in Helsinki on 1 August 1975 by 35 national leaders, was an expression of this change: “It was there that Europe’s postwar era finally came to an end.”2 This document defined the principles that ought to guide all relations and interactions among the signatory states.
    [Show full text]
  • Stories Behind the Berlin Wall: Lesson Modules
    Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Plan B and other Reports Graduate Studies 5-2018 Stories Behind the Berlin Wall: Lesson Modules Nicholas Redmon Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/gradreports Part of the Cultural History Commons, Eastern European Studies Commons, European History Commons, Geographic Information Sciences Commons, German Literature Commons, Human Geography Commons, Secondary Education Commons, and the Social History Commons Recommended Citation Redmon, Nicholas, "Stories Behind the Berlin Wall: Lesson Modules" (2018). All Graduate Plan B and other Reports. 1200. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/gradreports/1200 This Creative Project is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Graduate Plan B and other Reports by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ! 1! !! ! ! ! ! Stories!Behind!the!Berlin!Wall:!Lesson!Modules! Nicholas!Redmon! Utah!State!University! November!18,!2017! ! ! ! 2! Introduction!to!Lesson!Module! This!website!is!a!collection!of!primary!documents!focused!in!three!pivotal!years,! 1961,!or!at!the!construction!of!the!Wall,!1980,!almost!two!decades!into!the!midst!of! German!Democratic!Republic!(GDR!or!East!Germany)!since!the!Wall’s!erection,!and!1989,! as!the!Wall!is!brought!down.!This!component!on!the!website!is!a!lesson!module,!which!is!a! road!map!for!teachers!and!students!studying!what!life!was!like!in!the!GDR,!behind!the!
    [Show full text]
  • The London School of Economics and Political Science Defying Moscow
    The London School of Economics and Political Science Defying Moscow, engaging Beijing: The German Democratic Republic’s relations with the People’s Republic of China, 1980-1989 Zhong Zhong Chen A thesis submitted to the Department of International History of the London School of Economics for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, London, June 2014 Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the MPhil/PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis consists of 87,593 words. Abbreviations BA Bundesarchiv, Berlin BStU Der Bundesbeauftragte für die Unterlagen des Staatssicherheitsdienstes der ehemaligen Deutschen Demokratischen Republik CAAC Civil Aviation Administration of China CC Central Committee CCP Chinese Communist Party CDU Christlich Demokratische Union CIA Central Intelligence Agency CoCom Coordinating Committee on multilateral exports control COMECON Council for Mutual Economic Assistance CPGB Communist Party of Great Britain CPSU Communist Party of the
    [Show full text]
  • The National Product of East Germany
    THE NATIONAL PRODUCT OF EAST GERMANY In a recent article1 data and calculations on industrial production and the labor force in Soviet Germany were given. The present article offers similar calculations for the other major sectors of the economy and attempts to make estimates for the major uses of the Gross National Product. Because we are dealing with a Soviet economy it becomes neces- sary to describe the sources on which calculations are based and to explain the methods used in some detail. This has been done in the Appendix (p. I 56 ff.) . OVE R-ALL DEVELOPMENTS Table I gives the result of the calculation of the Gross National Product (GNP) by industrial origin in 1936 and 1950in West German prices. For comparison’s sake the estimates for the GNP of the Federal Republic are also included2. The table includes two alternative estimates for trade. The estimate arrived at by the “employment method” seems preferable to the estimates based on deflation, as explained in the Appendix (pp.I 6016 I ) .Finally, two summations have been made, one which corresponds to the East German concept of the GNP, the other which corresponds to the Western coverage and which includes the services of those people which in Eastern ter- minology are employed in “areas outside of material production”. An attempt has also been made to adjust the GNP of the Federal Republic to correspond to the East German coverage3. I. WOLFGANGF. STOLPER,“Labor Force and Industrial Development in Soviet Germany”, Quarter& Journal of Economics, Vol. 7 I, November I 957, PP.
    [Show full text]
  • AQA GCSE History End of Year Exam Revision Unit 1
    AQA GCSE History End of Year Exam Revision Unit 1 International Relations: Conflict and Peace in the 20th Century International Relations Topics International Relations Topics 1. The origins of the Cold War 1945-55 How close was the world to war in the 1960s? Why did the USA & USSR become rivals in the years 1945-49? The Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962 Ideological differences between the USA & USSR. Czechoslovakia, 1968 Yalta & Potsdam The Brezhnev Doctrine The Iron Curtain (Soviet expansion in Eastern Europe) 3. Failure of détente and the collapse of Communism 1970-91 The Truman Doctrine Why did détente collapse in the 1970s and 1980s? The Marshall Plan Cominform & Comecon Détente The Berlin Blockade & Airlift The Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan Ronald Reagan How did the Cold War develop 1949-55? Solidarity NATO Why did Communism collapse in Central & Eastern Europe? The Arms Race The Korean War Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan The Warsaw Pact Reagan Solidarity Death of Stalin, Khrushchev & the „thaw‟ in the Cold War Policies of Gorbachev The revolutions in Eastern Europe & the fall of the 2. Crises of the Cold War 1955-70 Berlin Wall The fall of Gorbachev & the break-up of the USSR How peaceful was peaceful was peaceful coexistence? Khrushchev‟s policies (destalinisation & peaceful coexistence). Hungary 1956 The arms race The space race The U2 Crisis The Berlin Wall The Exam Paper The Exam Questions There will be 6 questions on the exam paper: Each question has 3 parts and will be laid out in the format below: 1. The Origins of the First World War.
    [Show full text]