DOCSLIB.ORG

Women and Politics: the Privacy Without Necktie

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Women and Politics: the Privacy Without Necktie Women and politics: The privacy without Necktie Mujeres y política: La privacidad sin corbata Alberto Pedro López-Hermida Russo y María Fernanda Cerda Diez1 Recibido El 15 de mayo de 2012 - Aceptado el 16 de julio de 2012 ABSTRACT: The arrival of Michelle Bachelet at the Chilean government did not simply mean that a South American country had its first female president; it also brought a new way of doing politics and, for the media, a new way of approaching the highest national authority. The TV electoral campaign, as well as the press coverage of her presidential activities, brought the exploration of an almost unknown world in the public sphere: personal life of Bachelet. This paper will analyze the evidence found in her electoral spots and in the media, that will allow tackling the object of study and understand the role of the gender in the degree and nature of exposure of the private lives of politicians. Keywords: Politics, gender, Michelle Bachelet, electoral campaign, private life RESUMEN: La llegada de Michelle Bachelet al gobierno de Chile no solo le significó ser la primera presidenta electa en un país Sudamericano, sino que además trajo una nueva forma de hacer política y, para los medios de comunicación, una nueva manera de acercarse a la máxima autoridad nacional. La campaña electoral televisiva, así como la cobertura mediática de sus actividades como presidenta, implicó la exploración de un mundo hasta entonces casi desconocido para el ámbito público: la vida personal de Bachelet. Este documento analizará la evidencia encontrada tanto en sus spots electorales como en la cobertura mediática. Esto permitirá abordar el objeto de estudio y, a su vez, entender la importancia del rol del género en el grado y la naturaleza de exposición de la vida privada de los políticos. Palabras claves: Política, género, Michelle Bachelet, campaña electoral, vida privada. The arrival of Michelle Bachelet to the approached by herself and by the presidency of Chile was not only a media. milestone that placed for the first time a female in the country’s highest office, This was already perceived in the but also brought several implications in electoral campaign that led Bachelet to how the presidential figure was La Moneda, as well as in the traditional 1. Alberto Pedro López-Hermida Russo es Profesor Investigador de la Facultad de Comunicación de la Universidad de los Andes (Santiago de Chile). [email protected] . María Fernanda Cerda Diez es Profesora ayudante de la Facultad de Comunicación de la misma universidad [email protected] 196 Revista de Comunicación 11, 2012 Women and politics: The privacy without Necktie (196-211) press quotes about former President of obtained from the press, in order to Chile the days before and immediately reach some conclusions. after her election. Intimacy, Public and Private Life This work – part of a more extensive research (López-Hermida, 2007) – From the standpoint of what analyzes Bachelet`s television potentially could be informed of the campaign and their references about human person, the aristotelian- her private life as a candidate. thomistic tradition tends to distinguish between intimacy, private and public Furthermore, a reference is made to life. aspects of the former minister private life, which have been known These three dimensions differ among exclusively by the traditional media, them from a cultural point of view and meaning that the made known matter shall not be considered as physically or goes beyond a purely election. mathematically separated. Moreover, they reflect the unity of the human The objective of this analysis is person and they aim to be what gives somehow to establish whether the to it anthropologically coherence female condition of Bachelet as a (Soria, 1989). candidate and later President stimulates the exposition of certain First, the intimacy only occurs in aspects of her private life. humans and it is immeasurable. It only may be object of information if, on one On one hand, the analysis of the TV hand, its content is freely exteriorized spots is interesting since is in here by the individual and, on the other where the candidate talks about hand, if such disclosure has some herself, with no mediation. On the degree of relevance for the community, other hand, evidence provided by the i.e., if it is good for building up the media responds to a decision adopted community. Paradoxically, the by the same media in order to make information on any aspect of intimacy these facts known. is the destruction of its own. First, we will distinguish between Then, the privacy, dimension where public, private and intimate life, the outside that connects the following then with a presentation of individual with the world begins, also some aspects that characterize the cannot be communicated without female politician. Then, after a restrictions. Initially, indeed, privacy is presentation of the person of Michelle not an object of information, is Bachelet, will be analyzed the radically excluded from the talkative. campaign and the information The only reason that can lead the Revista de Comunicación 11, 2012 197 Alberto Pedro López-Hermida Russo y María Fernanda Cerda Diez media to provide known aspects of as a politician. someone’s private life is the clear, direct and immediate link of the fact Corner (2000), outlining the politician with the public. public and private field, explicit an intersection between both, an area in Finally, the public is what gives which we can find out two primary meaning to the public phenomena: the strategic projection of communication, as is the scope of the private life in advertising, or in information itself. Community and contrast, the media revelation of the communication are for this reason, public life as a matter of scandal or closely linked. gossip. A wide range of authors (e.g. Soria, That connection between public and 1989; Sales, 1991; Corner, 2000) agree private in political action is seen clearly to allot to the private sphere what in Van Zoonen and Holtzh-Bacha, refers to the family, home, personal when they speak about the biography, friendships and hobbies. personalization of politics (2000). The Parallel to this, what is public normally authors define four levels of include everything related to, in the customization, which are precisely particular case of politicians, the party, between public and private language the position they may take within an and a personal and political position administration and any activity made (Figure 1). Figure1. Form and Degrees of Personalization LANGUAGE Public Personal objectified discourse Political discourse Political Position Personal Personal discourse Personalized political discourse Private Sources: Van Zoonen and Holtz-Bacha, 2000 Each of these quadrants represents a politician, which determines the degree type of speech adopted by the of customization of the discourse. 198 Revista de Comunicación 11, 2012 Women and politics: The privacy without Necktie (196-211) The degree called political discourse to clarify the deep differences that considers the politician speaking from scientific research attributed between a political position, for example, as a both genders when it comes to candidate. He uses a language of participate in politics. public domain. Peculiarities of being a Female Then the personalized political Politician discourse is the degree where the politician speaks from a political Several women have achieved the position, but with a language that is highest positions in their countries, proper of the private sphere. even in conservative countries where women´s rights are restricted. There Thirdly, the personal discourse are many examples of women who consists in that degree in which the have been leaders in their countries, as politician speaks as a private individual Sirimavo Bandaranaike in Sri Lanka, and in a language proper to the Indira Gandhi in India, Benazir Butto private sphere. in Pakistan, Margaret Thatcher in England, Angela Merkel in Germany, Finally, the personal objectified Isabel Perón in Argentina, Violeta discourse the politician speaks about Chamorro in Nicaragua, Dilma public affairs from a private position. Rousseff in Brazil and Michelle Bachelet in Chile, to name a few. Applying this heuristic scheme allows a Although the gender diversity in the clear image of the personalized level highest leadership positions has that could use a politician during his increased in the past decades, women electoral campaign or the one used are dramatically underrepresented during his administration. (Rosenthal, 2002; Duerst-Lathi, 2002). In the case of Michelle Bachelet, the Statements like “the possibility of application will allow seeing, the winning a political position is less for a degrees of personalization she uses, woman than for a man” (Khan, 1993, but also, will throw the results about 481) calls the interest of all kind of whether such personalization is done researchers, from the purely academic solely from her condition as a women. to the most committed to feminist Thus, it may reaffirm in some way the causes court, and among whom it is idea according to which politician sometimes very subtle difference, but women collaborate on “transgress the not their goals. In 2004, Barbara rigid separation of public and private Burrel concluded that citizens tend to life” policies (Van Zoonen, 2006, 288). apply gender stereotypes when personality traits and thematic Before making such analysis, we need expertise of each candidate appear. Revista de Comunicación 11, 2012 199 Alberto Pedro López-Hermida Russo y María Fernanda Cerda Diez Therefore, it may be perceived how a honesty, art, civil rights, family, broad body of researches shows that environment and drugs control. depending on the candidate’s gender certain issues deem to be of his or her Regarding the personality traits that concern, independently of the career are often attributed to men and or references of the candidate in women politicians, it outstands for question.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Latin American Studies UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY FALL 2011 – WINTERSPRING 20122007
    BERKELEY REVIEW OF Latin American Studies UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY FALL 2011 – WINTERSPRING 20122007 72 Migrantes in Mexico Peru’s Surprising Left Turn Student Leaders in Chile Table of Contents BERKELEY REVIEW OF LATIN AMERICAN STUDIES FALL 2011 – WINTER 2012 Comment Harley Shaiken 1 72 Migrantes Alma Guillermoprieto 2 Hispanic Panethnicity G. Cristina Mora 7 The Center Could Not Hold Tomás Bril-Mascarenhas 12 Thinking Continentally Robert A. Pastor 16 Remembering an Economic Visionary Peter Evans 18 Student Leaders Reinvent the Protest Ernesto Muñoz-Lamartine 25 Holding a Mirror to Mexico Harley Shaiken 31 Missed Connections Sarah Krupp 42 Lessons From New York? Celeste Kauffman 45 Michelle Bachelet: A Rendezvous With History Beatriz Manz 48 Reclaiming the Dream Kevin Escudero 55 Sand in the Gears of Impunity Sarah Weber 58 Cultivating a Coca-Free Future Sarah Krupp 63 Vuelvo Patricio Manns 68 The Berkeley Review of Latin American Studies is published by the Center for Latin American Studies, 2334 Bowditch Street, Berkeley, CA 94720. Chair Harley Shaiken Vice Chair Editor Dionicia Ramos Ledesma Jean L. Spencer Assistant to the Chair Design and Layout Brittany Gabel Greg Louden Thanks to Meredith Perry Contributing Editor: Deborah Meacham Special thanks to: Lavinia Barros de Castro, Almudena Bernabeu, Canana Films, Maria Coelho, Leo Gertner, Kate Goldman, Alma Guillermoprieto, Steven Levitsky, Soledad Martinez, Margarita Ortega, Horacio Salinas, Peter Turton. Contributing photographers: Daniel Álvarez Valenzuela, antitezo, Gilles Bassignac, Di Bédard, Catherine Binet, Tom Blackwell, Jim Block, Zang chi sd, Noel Criado, Mychele Daniau, Juan David Gastolomendo, Nicky Hamilton, Megan Kang, Sarah Krupp, Elmer Lennihan, Steven Levitsky, Dana Lixenberg, Lon&Queta, Aliosha Marquez, Felix Marquez, Elmer Martinez, Susan Meiselas, Jit Hoong Ng, Lenin Nolly Araujo, Cristobal Palma, Dionicia Ramos, Newton Thomas Sige, Cadu Tavares, Asterio Tecson, Mario Tellez Cardemil, Fabiola Torres.
    [Show full text]
  • Ángela Jeria —Fallecida El ÁNGELA JERIA: Nizar La Solidaridad Con Chile
    REPORTAJES D6 DOMINGO 5 DE JULIO DE 2020 Al menos, cinco biografías se está pensando en los miles de chilenos que han escrito sobre Michelle Ba- BIÓGRAFOS DE BACHELET ANALIZAN INFLUENCIA SOBRE están matando”. chelet, y aunque no todos sus SU HIJA Luego, tras ser expulsada del país, vuelve a mostrar su cara más política. Viaja a México, autores pudieron hablar con la Cuba y la Unión Soviética, para hablar sobre expresidenta para escribirlas, las violaciones de los derechos humanos y, todos ellos sí fueron recibidos dicen sus biógrafos, se revincula con los par- por la madre de la exmandata- tidos de la UP y ayuda en las tareas de orga- ria, Ángela Jeria —fallecida el ÁNGELA JERIA: nizar la solidaridad con Chile. “Ella nunca pasado jueves, a los 93 años—, paró de ser una activista política”, dice Wo- od. generalmente en su departa- “Probablemente, si Ángela no hubiese si- mento del décimo piso de un La madre y la política do una esposa de general, hubiese militado”, edificio frente a la Escuela Mili- agrega Insunza. tar. La describen como una per- “Cercana al Partido Comunista, pero de- sona afable y muy respetuosa. fensora de la libertad que concede la no mili- tancia, era sobre todo una mujer de izquier- En sus conversaciones, le gustaba contar da: Ángela Jeria votó por Salvador Allende en que su abuelo, Máximo Jeria Chacón, fue el Autores la identifican como la “más política” de la familia y con un las cuatro ocasiones en que el socialista in- primer ingeniero agrónomo de Chile —fun- tentó llegar a La Moneda.
    [Show full text]
  • Narrow but Endlessly Deep
    1 Introduction: Narrow but endlessly deep On 11 September 1973, the Chilean Chief of the Armed Forces Augusto Pinochet overthrew the Popular Unity government of Salvador Allende and installed a military dictatorship. He believed he had two justifications that were shared by almost all of his senior officers and many civilians. The first was that under the rule of President Allende the country had become ungovernable. The second was that Allende’s Chile might swing even further to the left to become a Cuban-style dictatorship of the proletariat. By 1990, when Pinochet stood down after an unsuccessful referendum to legitimate himself, the danger to conservative Chile had passed. The country was uneasy but stable, and the possibility of a second Cuba remote. The victory of the right had come at a heavy cost to the small nation. By 1990, beginning what is known in Chile as the Transition to Democracy, Chilean society was severely traumatised. More than 30,000 people had been tortured either to extract information or simply to terrorise them. Issues of truth and justice remained unresolved; more than half the bodies of the 3,000 detained-disappeared remained disappeared. There seemed little prospect of prosecuting even the well-known perpetrators of Pinochet’s bidding. The 1980 Constitution, enacted to preserve the significant features of the ‘conservative 1 NARROW BUT ENDLESSLY DEEP revolution’,1 was still largely intact. Pinochet remained head of the armed forces and was created Senator for Life. This book traces the attempts of survivors, their families, descendants and supporters to memorialise the experiences of torture, terror and state murder at seven infamous Sites of Conscience, all within Santiago.
    [Show full text]
  • Narrow but Endlessly Deep: the Struggle for Memorialisation in Chile Since the Transition to Democracy
    NARROW BUT ENDLESSLY DEEP THE STRUGGLE FOR MEMORIALISATION IN CHILE SINCE THE TRANSITION TO DEMOCRACY NARROW BUT ENDLESSLY DEEP THE STRUGGLE FOR MEMORIALISATION IN CHILE SINCE THE TRANSITION TO DEMOCRACY PETER READ & MARIVIC WYNDHAM Published by ANU Press The Australian National University Acton ACT 2601, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at press.anu.edu.au National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Creator: Read, Peter, 1945- author. Title: Narrow but endlessly deep : the struggle for memorialisation in Chile since the transition to democracy / Peter Read ; Marivic Wyndham. ISBN: 9781760460211 (paperback) 9781760460228 (ebook) Subjects: Memorialization--Chile. Collective memory--Chile. Chile--Politics and government--1973-1988. Chile--Politics and government--1988- Chile--History--1988- Other Creators/Contributors: Wyndham, Marivic, author. Dewey Number: 983.066 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Cover design and layout by ANU Press. Cover photograph: The alarm clock, smashed at 14 minutes to 11, symbolises the anguish felt by Michele Drouilly Yurich over the unresolved disappearance of her sister Jacqueline in 1974. This edition © 2016 ANU Press I don’t care for adulation or so that strangers may weep. I sing for a far strip of country narrow but endlessly deep. No las lisonjas fugaces ni las famas extranjeras sino el canto de una lonja hasta el fondo de la tierra.1 1 Victor Jara, ‘Manifiesto’, tr. Bruce Springsteen,The Nation, 2013.
    [Show full text]
  • Michelle Bachelet Jeria (Verónica Michellebachelet Jeria)
    Michelle Bachelet Jeria (Verónica MichelleBachelet Jeria) Chile, Presidenta de la República (2º ejercicio) Duración del mandato: 11 de Marzo de 2014 - En funciones Nacimiento: Santiago, Región Metropolitana, 29 de Septiembre de 1951 Partido político: PS Profesión : Médico pediatra ResumenEn las elecciones chilenas de 2005-2006 la Concertación, la coalición de cuatro formaciones de centro-izquierda que gobernaba el país sudamericano desde la restauración democrática de 1990, ganó su cuarto ejercicio consecutivo en el poder con la médica pediatra Michelle Bachelet. Ocho años después, en las presidenciales del 17 de noviembre y el 15 de diciembre de 2013, la aclamada estadista ha conquistado su segundo mandato cuatrienal en La Moneda, que iniciará el 11 de marzo de 2014, al imponerse en doble vuelta a su adversaria de la Alianza oficialista de la derecha, Evelyn Matthei.Cuando su primer envite presidencial, esta miembro del Partido Socialista, hija de un general liberal muerto a manos de sus propios compañeros de armas tras el golpe de 1973 y ella misma víctima carcelaria de la dictadura pinochetista, ofrecía a los electores un perfil profesional de doble experta en atención sanitaria y cuestiones militares que la había cualificado para servir como ministra de Salud y de Defensa en el Gobierno de presidente Ricardo Lagos, al que sucedió en marzo de 2006.Los cuatro años de mandato de la primera mujer presidenta de Chile discurrieron por unos cauces de estabilidad macroeconómica, sólo perturbada por el estallido de la crisis global, y reformismo social marcado por una serie de conflictos en la calle, los cuales, sin embargo, no malograron su elevada popularidad.
    [Show full text]
  • Memory in Times of Cholera: Truth, Justice
    Memory in Times of Cholera: Truth, Justice, Reparations and Guarantees of Non-Repetition for the Crimes of the Chilean Dictatorship Translation of Chapter 1 of the Annual Human Rights Report of the Centro de Derechos Humanos, Universidad Diego Portales, 2019 Original publication in Spanish: 18 November 2019. Available from www.derechoshumanos.udp.cl Translated: December 2019 by Cath Collins Observatorio de Justicia Transicional www.derechoshumanos.udp.cl [email protected] ‘“MEMORY IN TIMES OF CHOLERA”: TRUTH, JUSTICE, REPARATIONS, AND GUARANTEES OF NON-REPETITION FOR THE CRIMES OF THE CHILEAN DICTATORSHIP’ Originally published as ‘La Memoria en los Tiempos del Colera: Verdad, justicia, reparaciones, y garantías de no repetición por los crímenes de la dictadura chilena’, published 18 November 2019 as Chapter 1 in the UDP Annual Report ‘Human Rights in Chile, 2019’. Translation by Cath Collins. Original text, in Spanish, available at: http://www.derechoshumanos.udp.cl/derechoshumanos/images/InformeAnual/2019/01_Memoria_en_tiempos_de_colera.pdf PREFACE For the ninth consecutive year, this transitional justice-themed opening chapter of the annual human rights report of the Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago de Chile, has been prepared by the Transitional Justice Observatory, Observatorio de Justicia Transicional.1 Founded in 2008, the Observatorio publishes regular e-bulletins, studies, and reports drawing on its ongoing research and engagement with trials and other transitional justice developments in Chile and around Latin America. This chapter covers developments related to truth, justice, reparations and guarantees of non-repetition in Chile, with a particular focus on measuring progress or backsliding with regard to Chile’s international human rights commitments. The detailed tracking and comparative statistical analysis in the report covers the twelve months from July 2018 to June 2019, inclusive.
    [Show full text]
  • Entrevista a Se La Presidenta De
    Dirección de Prensa ENTREVISTA A S.E. LA PRESIDENTA DE LA REPÚBLICA, MICHELLE BACHELET, EN PROGRAMA “YO, MICHELLE, LA BACHELET QUE NO CONOCÍAS”, DE CHILEVISIÓN Santiago, 13 de Noviembre de 2014 Periodista: Este hombre es Jaime López Arellano. Al momento del golpe militar, era pareja de Michelle Bachelet. Incluso, alcanzó a visitarla clandestinamente en el exilio de Alemania. Luego, desapareció en forma misteriosa. Presidenta Bachelet: Hay dos versiones, en verdad: una es que él, producto de la tortura, habría entregado nombres; otra gente dice que él entregó ciertos nombres, porque le dijeron que si no lo hacía, me iban a matar a mí y a mi mamá, en el extranjero. Periodista: ¿Fue Jaime López Arellano una víctima más de la dictadura o un traidor que colaboró con los agentes de la represión? Hoy, por primera vez, la Presidenta Bachelet habla en profundidad de una historia que marcó su vida. Michelle Bachelet pasó a la historia como la primera mujer Presidenta de Chile, banda presidencial que se cruzó el año 2006 y luego, por segunda vez, ahora, el 2014. Pero, ¿cuál es la historia de esta mujer que vio morir a su padre en prisión, que sufrió en carne propia los horrores de Villa Grimaldi y luego tuvo que partir muy joven al exilio? ¿Quién es esta mujer de 63 años, madre y abuela, que hoy rige el destino de 17 millones de chilenos? 1 Dirección de Prensa Bienvenidos a “Yo, Michelle, la Bachelet que no conocías”. Presidenta Bachelet: Hay poco tiempo para descansar. Lo que pasa es que la tarea es apasionante, pero efectivamente a veces le pasa la cuenta a uno.
    [Show full text]
  • REPORT No. 119/131 CASE 12.500 OMAR MALDONADO VARGAS, ALVARO YÁNEZ DEL VILLAR, MARIO ANTONIO CORNEJO, ET AL
    REPORT No. 119/131 CASE 12.500 OMAR MALDONADO VARGAS, ALVARO YÁNEZ DEL VILLAR, MARIO ANTONIO CORNEJO, ET AL. CHILE November 8, 2013 I. SUMMARY 1. On April 15, 2003, the Corporación de Promoción de Defensa de los Derechos del Pueblo [Corporation for the Promotion and Defense of People’s Rights] (CODEPU), headquartered in Chile, and the International Federation for Human Rights (“FIDH”), headquartered in France, filed a petition with the Inter-American Commission for Human Rights (hereinafter “the Inter-American Commission,” “the Commission,” or “the IACHR”) on behalf of 12 former members of the Chilean Air Force (hereinafter FACH), who had also filed a petition on their own behalf (hereinafter the 12 petitioners or alleged victims).2 In the petition it is alleged that the 12 petitioners, former FACH members, had been tried and convicted of the crimes of treason, dereliction of military duty, disclosure and extra official knowledge of secret documents, and conspiracy and promotion of sedition by two courts martial [Consejos de Guerra] charged with trying certain offenses in times of war, in the context of military criminal proceeding that had been opened. That proceeding was conducted after the military coup of September 11, 1973, in connection with facts that had occurred prior to that date, as a retaliation for his opposition to the coup d’état .3 2. The crux of the complaint is the denial of justice the petitioners allege to have suffered as a result of the Supreme Court decisions, for which they assign international responsibility of the Republic of Chile (hereinafter “the State” or “the Chilean State”) as the result of the decision of the Supreme Court of Chile (hereinafter “Supreme Court”) to refrain from nullification of the convictions imposed.
    [Show full text]
  • Lasegunda.Com
    lunes, 23 de julio de 2012 BLOGS REDACCIÓN THINK TANKS DEBATE DE IDEAS SOLIDARIDAD S.A. CINE DEPORTES Compartir | | Cinco pasajes inéditos de la investigación por la muerte del general Alberto Bachelet «La Segunda» recogió las piezas fundamentales que llevaron al ministro Mario Carroza a individualizar a los presuntos autores del crimen. por: Patricio Pino M./La Segunda viernes, 20 de julio de 2012 Desde el pasado martes se encuentran detenidos en la Base Aérea El Bosque los coroneles (r) Edgar Cevallos Jones y Ramón Cáceres Jorquera, acusados de las torturas que habrían llevado a la muerte al general FACh Alberto Bachelet en 1974, quien había sido funcionario del gobierno de Salvador Allende. «La Segunda» recogió las piezas fundamentales que llevaron al ministro Mario Carroza a individualizar a los presuntos autores del crimen. A continuación, y en exclusiva, parte de los expedientes con que el magistrado prepara su acusación. Cevallos, uno de los procesados, dice que sólo detenía personas "La palabra de un general vale más que la de 10 guardias" . Así recuerda el coronel (r) Edgar Cevallos , en su declaración ante la justicia, el momento del 11 de septiembre de 1973 en que se decidió que el general Alberto Bachelet quedara solamente con arresto domiciliario y sin vigilancia en su residencia. Según indica en su declaración el principal acusado de las torturas que llevaron a la muerte del uniformado, ese mismo día a Bachelet se le retiró su arma de servicio. El padre de la ex Presidenta Michelle Bachelet murió el 12 de marzo de 1974: sólo hace 4 días Aunque niega haber participado en los interrogatorios al general, se conocen los nombres de los presuntos Cevallos sí reconoce que su misión en la fiscalía "era detener a la autores.
    [Show full text]
  • UC Berkeley CLAS Working Papers
    UC Berkeley CLAS Working Papers Title The Chilean Presidential Elections of 2005–2006: More Continuity than Change Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2bx1d3z8 Author Sehnbruch, Kirsten Publication Date 2006-10-01 eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California W O R Center for Latin American Studies K University of California, Berkeley I The Chilean Presidential N Elections of 2005–2006: More Continuity than Change G Kirsten Sehnbruch, Ph. D. Visiting Scholar Center for Latin American Studies University of California, Berkeley P October 2006 A Paper No. 16 P E R S clas.berkeley.edu 2334 Bowditch Street Berkeley, CA 94720 The Center for Latin American Studies (CLAS) at the University of California, Berkeley publishes working papers and special conference papers relating to Latin America. This series represents the diverse and coordinated activities of faculty and affi liated scholars at CLAS. You may order papers from us by sending a check or money order for US $5.00 made out to “UC Regents” along with the title and/or serial number to: Working Papers Series Center for Latin American Studies University of California, Berkeley 2334 Bowditch Street Berkeley, CA 94720 The Chilean Presidential Elections of 2005–2006: More Continuity than Changei Kirsten Sehnbruch Center for Latin American Studies University of California, Berkeley www.ksehnbruch.com October 2006 Paper No. 16 Copyright © 2006, the Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved by the Regents of the University of California. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior permission in writing from the publisher.
    [Show full text]
  • 2016 Country Review
    Chile 2016 Country Review http://www.countrywatch.com Table of Contents Chapter 1 1 Country Overview 1 Country Overview 2 Key Data 3 Chile 4 South America 5 Chapter 2 7 Political Overview 7 History 8 Political Conditions 13 Political Risk Index 41 Political Stability 55 Freedom Rankings 71 Human Rights 83 Government Functions 85 Government Structure 86 Principal Government Officials 94 Leader Biography 95 Leader Biography 95 Foreign Relations 105 National Security 110 Defense Forces 114 Chapter 3 116 Economic Overview 116 Economic Overview 117 Nominal GDP and Components 120 Population and GDP Per Capita 122 Real GDP and Inflation 123 Government Spending and Taxation 124 Money Supply, Interest Rates and Unemployment 125 Foreign Trade and the Exchange Rate 126 Data in US Dollars 127 Energy Consumption and Production Standard Units 128 Energy Consumption and Production QUADS 130 World Energy Price Summary 131 CO2 Emissions 132 Agriculture Consumption and Production 133 World Agriculture Pricing Summary 136 Metals Consumption and Production 137 World Metals Pricing Summary 140 Economic Performance Index 141 Chapter 4 153 Investment Overview 153 Foreign Investment Climate 154 Foreign Investment Index 156 Corruption Perceptions Index 169 Competitiveness Ranking 181 Taxation 190 Stock Market 190 Partner Links 191 Chapter 5 192 Social Overview 192 People 193 Human Development Index 194 Life Satisfaction Index 197 Happy Planet Index 209 Status of Women 218 Global Gender Gap Index 220 Culture and Arts 230 Etiquette 230 Travel Information 232 Diseases/Health Data 243 Chapter 6 249 Environmental Overview 249 Environmental Issues 250 Environmental Policy 251 Greenhouse Gas Ranking 252 Global Environmental Snapshot 264 Global Environmental Concepts 275 International Environmental Agreements and Associations 289 Appendices 313 Bibliography 314 Chile Chapter 1 Country Overview Chile Review 2016 Page 1 of 326 pages Chile Country Overview CHILE Chile gained its independence from Spain in 1818.
    [Show full text]
  • Guillermo Calderón Villa + Discurso
    GUILLERMO CALDERÓN VILLA + DISCURSO APRIL 25-28, 2013 presented by REDCAT Roy and Edna Disney/CalArts Theater California Institute of the Arts GUILLERMO CALDERÓN VILLA + DISCURSO Playwright and Direction: Guillermo Calderón Assistant Director: María Paz González Performed by Carla Romero, Isabel Ruiz, and Macarena Zamudio Design Concept: María Fernanda Videla Running Time Villa: 70 minutes Discurso: 40 minutes Villa + Discurso is co-production of the Foundation Festival Internacional Teatro a Mil. Discurso was developed in 2009 at the International Residency of the Royal Court Theatre of London. DIRECTOR’S NOTE Villa Grimaldi was the main torture and extermination center during Augusto Pinochet’s dictatorship that subjugated Chile from 1973 to 1990. The intelligece services called it Cuartel Terranova. It is estimated that 5,000 detainees were brought and tortured in this center. At least two hundred of them “disappeared.” Many of their bodies were thrown into the sea after being tortured to death. Villa Grimaldi’s buildings (particularly its Main House) were destroyed during the last days of the military dictatorship, presumably to destroy evidence of the crimes that were committed there. Nevertheless, at the end of the dictatorship period the survivors built in the empty land a memorial called “Villa Grimaldi Park for Peace.” Michelle Bachelet, president of the Republic of Chile from 2006 to 2010 was the first female president as well as the first direct victim of the human rights violations to become president. In 1973, her father Alberto Bachelet, a general of the Chilean Air Force, was detained because of his loyalty to the democratic president Salvador Allende.
    [Show full text]