DOCSLIB.ORG

Wolf Spider Tigrosa Georgicola ILLINOIS RANGE

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Wolf Spider Tigrosa Georgicola ILLINOIS RANGE wolf spider Tigrosa georgicola Kingdom: Animalia FEATURES Phylum: Arthropoda Wolf spiders have large eyes in a trapezoid shape on Class: Chelicerata the top of the carapace. The two median eyes in this Order: Araneae group of four are the largest and face forward. The two smaller eyes in this group of four are set behind Family: Lycosidae the two central eyes, facing to the side or ILLINOIS STATUS backwards. In front of these four eyes is a row of four, smaller eyes. Adults are about 0.39 to 0.86 inch common, native in total body length with males slightly smaller than females. The general body coloration is dark brown with a thin, light-brown stripe in the middle of the carapace. Small, light marks may be present on the abdomen. The legs show bands near the joints. BEHAVIORS This species hunts in the day. It hides under leaf litter or other objects on the ground when not hunting. Wolf spiders have good vision. They perform courtship rituals like waving the legs or palps with making sounds created by vibrating body parts against each other or a surface or object they are near. Wolf spiders generally do not build a web but use a dragline of silk for communication. The female builds an egg sac and attaches it to her spinnerets. She carries it with her as she hunts and may move into or out of sunlight to help control the temperature of the developing eggs. After the eggs ILLINOIS RANGE hatch, the young climb onto her abdomen, and she carries them for a week or two while they complete their development. Wolf spiders hunt by waiting for prey to appear, then rushing out to capture it. If no prey appears for a while, the spider may move to a new location. Small prey items are bitten immediately. Larger prey may be enclosed in a basket made by the spider’s legs and then bitten. The diet consists mainly of insects and other, smaller wolf spiders. © Illinois Department of Natural Resources. 2020. Biodiversity of Illinois. Unless otherwise noted, photos and images © Illinois Department of Natural Resources. © Hank Guarisco Aquatic Habitats none Woodland Habitats upland deciduous forests Prairie and Edge Habitats edge © Illinois Department of Natural Resources. 2020. Biodiversity of Illinois. Unless otherwise noted, photos and images © Illinois Department of Natural Resources..
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 22 3 259 263 Mikhailov Alopecosa.P65
    Arthropoda Selecta 22(3): 259263 © ARTHROPODA SELECTA, 2013 Tarentula Sundevall, 1833 and Alopecosa Simon, 1885: a historical account (Aranei: Lycosidae) Tarentula Sundevall, 1833 è Alopecosa Simon, 1885: èñòîðè÷åñêèé îáçîð (Aranei: Lycosidae) K.G. Mikhailov Ê.Ã. Ìèõàéëîâ Zoological Museum MGU, Bolshaya Nikitskaya Str. 6, Moscow 125009 Russia. Çîîëîãè÷åñêèé ìóçåé ÌÃÓ, óë. Áîëüøàÿ Íèêèòñêàÿ, 6, Ìîñêâà 125009 Ðîññèÿ. KEY WORDS: Tarentula, Alopecosa, nomenclature, synonymy, spiders, Lycosidae. ÊËÞ×ÅÂÛÅ ÑËÎÂÀ: Tarentula, Alopecosa, íîìåíêëàòóðà, ñèíîíèìèÿ, ïàóêè, Lycosidae. ABSTRACT. History of Tarentula Sundevall, 1833 genus Lycosa to include the following 11 species (the and Alopecosa Simon, 1885 is reviewed. Validity of current species assignments follow the catalogues by Alopecosa Simon, 1885 is supported. Reimoser [1919], Roewer [1954a], and, especially, Bonnet [1955, 1957, 1959]): ÐÅÇÞÌÅ. Äàí îáçîð èñòîðèè ðîäîâûõ íàçâà- Lycosa Fabrilis [= Alopecosa fabrilis (Clerck, 1758)], íèé Tarentula Sundevall, 1833 è Alopecosa Simon, L. trabalis [= Alopecosa inquilina (Clerck, 1758), male, 1885. Îáîñíîâàíà âàëèäíîñòü íàçâàíèÿ Alopecosa and A. trabalis (Clerck, 1758), female], Simon, 1885. L. vorax?, male [= either Alopecosa trabalis or A. trabalis and A. pulverulenta (Clerck, 1758), according Introduction to different sources], L. nivalis male [= Alopecosa aculeata (Clerck, 1758)], The nomenclatorial problems concerning the ge- L. barbipes [sp.n.] [= Alopecosa barbipes Sundevall, neric names Tarantula Fabricius, 1793, Tarentula Sun- 1833, = A. accentuata (Latreille, 1817)], devall, 1833 and Alopecosa Simon, 1885 have been L. cruciata female [sp.n.] [= Alopecosa barbipes Sun- discussed in the arachnological literature at least twice devall, 1833, = A. accentuata (Latreille, 1817)], [Charitonov, 1931; Bonnet, 1951]. However, the arach- L. pulverulenta [= Alopecosa pulverulenta], nological community seems to have overlooked or ne- L.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Chronic Exposure to the Herbicide, Mesotrione, on Spiders
    Susquehanna University Scholarly Commons Senior Scholars Day Apr 28th, 12:00 AM - 12:00 AM Effects of Chronic Exposure to the Herbicide, Mesotrione, on Spiders Maya Khanna Susquehanna University Joseph Evans Susquehanna University Matthew Persons Susquehanna University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.susqu.edu/ssd Khanna, Maya; Evans, Joseph; and Persons, Matthew, "Effects of Chronic Exposure to the Herbicide, Mesotrione, on Spiders" (2020). Senior Scholars Day. 34. https://scholarlycommons.susqu.edu/ssd/2020/posters/34 This Event is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Senior Scholars Day by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Effects of Chronic Exposure to the Herbicide, Mesotrione on Spiders Maya Khanna, Joseph Evans, and Matthew Persons Department of Biology, Susquehanna University, PA 17870 Tigrosa helluo Trochosa ruricola Mecaphesa asperata Frontinella pyramitela Tetragnatha laboriosa Hogna lenta Pisaurina mira Abstract Methods All spiders were collected on Table 1. The predicted lethality of mesotrione on each spider species based upon soil association levels and species size. Toxicity is predicted to increase with smaller size and Mesotrione is a widely used agricultural herbicide and is frequently used alone or as an adjuvant for the Susquehanna University’s campus. Each spider was housed in a 473 ml (16oz) greater soil contact. Sample sizes for each species are indicated to the left. A total of 615 herbicides glyphosate and atrazine. The effects of mesotrione are largely untested on beneficial non-target spiders were used in this study. species such as spiders.
    [Show full text]
  • Predation on Reproducing Wolf Spiders: Access to Information Has Differential Effects on Male and Female Survival
    Animal Behaviour 128 (2017) 165e173 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Animal Behaviour journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/anbehav Predation on reproducing wolf spiders: access to information has differential effects on male and female survival * Ann L. Rypstra a, , Chad D. Hoefler b, 1, Matthew H. Persons c, 2 a Department of Biology, Miami University, Hamilton, OH, U.S.A. b Department of Biology, Arcadia University, Glenside, PA, U.S.A. c Department of Biology, Susquehanna University, Selinsgrove, PA, U.S.A. article info Predation has widespread influences on animal behaviour, and reproductive activities can be particularly Article history: dangerous. Males and females differ in their reactions to sensory stimuli from predators and potential Received 13 September 2016 mates, which affects the risk experienced by each sex. Thus, the information available can cause dif- Initial acceptance 8 November 2016 ferential survival and have profound implications for mating opportunities and population structure. The Final acceptance 24 March 2017 wolf spider, Pardosa milvina, detects and responds in a risk-sensitive manner to chemotactile information from a larger predator, the wolf spider Tigrosa helluo. Male P. milvina use similar chemotactile cues to find MS. number: A16-00806R2 females whereas female P. milvina focus on the visual, and perhaps vibratory, aspects of the male display. Our aim was to document the risk posed by T. helluo predators on P. milvina during reproduction and to Keywords: determine whether augmenting chemotactile information would affect that outcome. In the laboratory, chemical cue we explored the effects of adding predator and/or female cues on the predatory success of T.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Systematics of the Wolf Spider Genus Lycosa (Araneae: Lycosidae) in the Western Mediterranean Basin
    Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 67 (2013) 414–428 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Molecular systematics of the wolf spider genus Lycosa (Araneae: Lycosidae) in the Western Mediterranean Basin ⇑ Enric Planas a, Carmen Fernández-Montraveta b, Carles Ribera a, a Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain b Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Canto Blanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain article info abstract Article history: In this study, we present the first molecular phylogeny of the wolf spider genus Lycosa Latreille, 1804 in Received 2 January 2013 the Western Mediterranean Basin. With a wide geographic sampling comprising 90 localities and includ- Revised 2 February 2013 ing more than 180 individuals, we conducted species delimitation analyses with a Maximum Likelihood Accepted 7 February 2013 approach that uses a mixed Yule-coalescent model to detect species boundaries. We estimated molecular Available online 15 February 2013 phylogenetic relationships employing Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference methods using mito- chondrial and nuclear sequences. We conducted divergence time analyses using a relaxed clock model Keywords: implemented in BEAST. Our results recovered 12 species that form four groups: Lycosa tarantula group Phylogeny comprising L. tarantula the type species of the genus, L. hispanica and L. bedeli; Lycosa oculata group com- Species delimitation Taxonomy posed of L. oculata, L. suboculata and three putative new species; Lycosa baulnyi group formed by the mag- Biogeography hrebian L. baulnyi and L. vachoni and Lycosa fasciiventris group that includes two widespread species, L.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 the RESTRUCTURING of ARTHROPOD TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS in RESPONSE to PLANT INVASION by Adam B. Mitchell a Dissertation Submitt
    THE RESTRUCTURING OF ARTHROPOD TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS IN RESPONSE TO PLANT INVASION by Adam B. Mitchell 1 A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the University of Delaware in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Entomology and Wildlife Ecology Winter 2019 © Adam B. Mitchell All Rights Reserved THE RESTRUCTURING OF ARTHROPOD TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS IN RESPONSE TO PLANT INVASION by Adam B. Mitchell Approved: ______________________________________________________ Jacob L. Bowman, Ph.D. Chair of the Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology Approved: ______________________________________________________ Mark W. Rieger, Ph.D. Dean of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources Approved: ______________________________________________________ Douglas J. Doren, Ph.D. Interim Vice Provost for Graduate and Professional Education I certify that I have read this dissertation and that in my opinion it meets the academic and professional standard required by the University as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Signed: ______________________________________________________ Douglas W. Tallamy, Ph.D. Professor in charge of dissertation I certify that I have read this dissertation and that in my opinion it meets the academic and professional standard required by the University as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Signed: ______________________________________________________ Charles R. Bartlett, Ph.D. Member of dissertation committee I certify that I have read this dissertation and that in my opinion it meets the academic and professional standard required by the University as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Signed: ______________________________________________________ Jeffery J. Buler, Ph.D. Member of dissertation committee I certify that I have read this dissertation and that in my opinion it meets the academic and professional standard required by the University as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
    [Show full text]
  • T.C. Niğde Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Biyoloji Anabilim Dali
    2016 , H.TÜRKER T.C. NİĞDE ÜNİVERSİTESİ FEN BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ BİYOLOJİ ANABİLİM DALI BAZI KURT ÖRÜMCEKLERİN (ARANEAE: LYCOSIDAE) KARYOTİP ANALİZLERİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ LİSANS YÜKSEK HÜSEYİN TÜRKER Ocak 2016 BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ NİĞDE ÜNİVERSİTESİ NİĞDE FEN FEN T. C. NİĞDE ÜNİVERSİTESİ FEN BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ BİYOLOJİ ANA BİLİM DALI BAZI KURT ÖRÜMCEKLERİN (ARANEAE: LYCOSIDAE) KARYOTİP ANALİZLERİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI HÜSEYİN TÜRKER Yüksek Lisans Tezi Danışman Doç. Dr. Hakan DEMİR Ocak 2016 TEZ BİLDİRİMİ Tez içindeki bütün bilgilerin bilimsel ve akademik kurallar çerçevesinde elde edilerek sunulduğunu, ayrıca tez yazım kurallarına uygun olarak hazırlanan bu çalışmada bana ait olmayan her türlü ifade ve bilginin kaynağına eksiksiz atıf yapıldığını bildiririm. Hüseyin TÜRKER ÖZET BAZI KURT ÖRÜMCEKLERİN (ARANEAE: LYCOSIDAE) KARYOTİP ANALİZLERİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI TÜRKER, Hüseyin Niğde Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Biyoloji Ana Bilim Dalı Danışman : Doç. Dr. Hakan DEMİR Ocak 2016, 56 sayfa Bu çalışmada, Lycosidae familyasına ait Alopecosa pulverulenta (Clerck, 1757) ve A. accentuata (Latreille, 1817) türlerinin karyolojik analizleri yapılmıştır. A. accentuata (Latreille, 1817) ile ilgili literatürde herhangi bir çalışmaya rastlanmamıştır. A. accentuata (Latreille, 1817) türünün diploid sayısı ve kromozom morfolojisi ilk kez tanımlanmıştır. Türün diploid sayının 2n♂ = 28 (26+X1X2) olduğu belirlenmiştir. Alopecosa pulverulenta (Clerck, 1757) ve A. accentuata (Latreille, 1817) türlerinin karyotipik özelliklerinin diğer Alopecosa Simon, 1885 türleriyle aynı olduğu görülmüştür. Anahtar sözcükler: Sitogenetik, Karyotip, Kromozom, Lycosidae iv SUMMARY KARYOTYPE ANALYSIS OF SOME WOLF SPIDERS (ARANEAE: LYCOSIDAE) INVESTIGATION TÜRKER, Hüseyin Nigde University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Department of Biology Supervisor : Assoc. Prof. Hakan DEMİR Ocak 2016, 56 pages In this study the analysis of the caryology of Alopecosa pulverulenta (Clerck, 1757) and A.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Ohio Spiders
    List of Ohio Spiders 20 March 2018 Richard A. Bradley Department of EEO Biology Ohio State University Museum of Biodiversity 1315 Kinnear Road Columbus, OH 43212 This list is based on published specimen records of spider species from Ohio. Additional species that have been recorded during the Ohio Spider Survey (beginning 1994) are also included. I would very much appreciate any corrections; please mail them to the above address or email ([email protected]). 656 [+5] Species Mygalomorphae Antrodiaetidae (foldingdoor spiders) (2) Antrodiaetus robustus (Simon, 1890) Antrodiaetus unicolor (Hentz, 1842) Atypidae (purseweb spiders) (3) Sphodros coylei Gertsch & Platnick, 1980 Sphodros niger (Hentz, 1842) Sphodros rufipes (Latreille, 1829) Ctenizidae (trapdoor spiders) (1) Ummidia audouini (Lucas, 1835) Araneomorphae Agelenidae (funnel weavers) (14) Agelenopsis emertoni Chamberlin & Ivie, 1935 | Agelenopsis kastoni Chamberlin & Ivie, 1941 | Agelenopsis naevia (Walckenaer, 1805) grass spiders Agelenopsis pennsylvanica (C.L. Koch, 1843) | Agelnopsis potteri (Blackwell, 1846) | Agelenopsis utahana (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1933) | Coras aerialis Muma, 1946 Coras juvenilis (Keyserling, 1881) Coras lamellosus (Keyserling, 1887) Coras medicinalis (Hentz, 1821) Coras montanus (Emerton, 1889) Tegenaria domestica (Clerck, 1757) barn funnel weaver In Wadotes calcaratus (Keyserling, 1887) Wadotes hybridus (Emerton, 1889) Amaurobiidae (hackledmesh weavers) (2) Amaurobius ferox (Walckenaer, 1830) In Callobius bennetti (Blackwall, 1848) Anyphaenidae (ghost spiders)
    [Show full text]
  • Abstract Impact of an Atrazine-Based Herbicide On
    ABSTRACT IMPACT OF AN ATRAZINE-BASED HERBICIDE ON AN AGROBIONT WOLF SPIDER by Jake A. Godfrey For animals that live in association with humans, a key ecological question is how anthropogenic factors influence their behavior and life history. While major negative effects are obvious, subtle non-lethal responses to anthropogenic stimuli may provide insight into the features that lead to the success of species that thrive in habitats heavily impacted by humans. Here I explored the influence of the herbicide atrazine on the behavior and various life history traits exhibited by a wolf spider that is found in agroecosystems where this herbicide is commonly applied. In my first experiment, exposure to atrazine altered activity patterns of this spider. In my second experiment, exposure delayed maturation and increased the probability of spiders having a faulty molt. Atrazine also decreased the probability of producing an egg sac after mating, increased mass of egg sacs that were produced, and negatively impacted adult lifespans. These results suggest that the atrazine based herbicides that are routinely applied to agricultural fields result in altered behavior and life history traits of these spiders and may therefore influence the community of predators and their effects on the food web in complex ways. IMPACT OF AN ATRAZINE-BASED HERBICIDE ON AN AGROBIONT WOLF SPIDER A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Miami University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science by Jake A. Godfrey Miami University Oxford, Ohio 2017 Advisor: Ann L. Rypstra Reader: Michelle D. Boone Reader: Alan B. Cady Reader: Ann L.
    [Show full text]
  • A Checklist of Maine Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae)
    A CHECKLIST OF MAINE SPIDERS (ARACHNIDA: ARANEAE) By Daniel T. Jennings Charlene P. Donahue Forest Health and Monitoring Maine Forest Service Technical Report No. 47 MAINE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, CONSERVATION AND FORESTRY September 2020 Augusta, Maine Online version of this report available from: https://www.maine.gov/dacf/mfs/publications/fhm_pubs.htm Requests for copies should be made to: Maine Forest Service Division of Forest Health & Monitoring 168 State House Station Augusta, Maine 04333-0168 Phone: (207) 287-2431 Printed under appropriation number: 013-01A-2FHM-52 Issued 09/2020 Initial printing of 25 This product was made possible in part by funding from the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Forest health programs in the Maine Forest Service, Department of Agriculture Conservation and Forestry are supported and conducted in partnership with the USDA, the University of Maine, cooperating landowners, resource managers, and citizen volunteers. This institution is prohibited from discrimination based on race, color, national origin, sex, age, or disability. 2 A CHECKLIST OF MAINE SPIDERS (ARACHNIDA: ARANEAE) 1 2 DANIEL T. JENNINGS and CHARLENE P. DONAHUE ____________________________________ 1 Daniel T. Jennings, retired, USDA, Forest Service, Northern Forest Experiment Station. Passed away September 14, 2020 2 Charlene P. Donahue, retired, Department of Agriculture, Conservation and Forestry – Maine Forest Service. Corresponding Author [email protected] 4 Table of Contents Abstract 1 Introduction 1 Figure 1. Map of State of Maine
    [Show full text]
  • Further Spider (Arachnida: Araneae)
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Arachnologische Mitteilungen Jahr/Year: 2017 Band/Volume: 54 Autor(en)/Author(s): Zamani Alireza, Mozaffarian Fariba Artikel/Article: Further spider (Arachnida: Araneae) material deposited in the Agricultural Zoology Museum of Iran (AZMI), Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection 8-20 © Arachnologische Gesellschaft e.V. Frankfurt/Main; http://arages.de/ Arachnologische Mitteilungen / Arachnology Letters 54: 8-20 Karlsruhe, September 2017 Further spider (Arachnida: Araneae) material deposited in the Agricultural Zoology Museum of Iran (AZMI), Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection Alireza Zamani & Fariba Mozaffarian doi: 10.5431/aramit5403 Abstract. The results of the examination of further spider material deposited in the Agricultural Zoology Museum of Iran, Iranian Re- search Institute of Plant Protection (Tehran, Iran), are reported, most of them from cereal fields and fruit orchards. A total of 634 speci- mens were studied, out of which, 106 species belonging to 70 genera and 27 families were identified. Five species are recorded for the fauna of Iran for the first time and documented by photos: Brigittea civica (Lucas, 1850) (Dictynidae), Pardosa roscai (Roewer, 1951) (Ly- cosidae), Tetragnatha isidis (Simon, 1880) (Tetragnathidae), Trachyzelotes miniglossus Levy, 2009 and Zelotes tenuis (L. Koch, 1866) (both Gnaphosidae). New provincial records are provided for additional 64 species. Earlier records of Heliophaneus aeneus (Hahn, 1832) in Iran are corrected to Heliophanus flavipes (Hahn, 1832) based on the re-examination of original material. Subsequently, H. aeneus has to be removed from the Iranian Checklist. Keywords: fauna, Middle East, museum collection, new records, range extensions Zusammenfassung.
    [Show full text]
  • Socially-Facilitated Antipredator Responses in the Wolf Spider Pardosa Milvina
    Susquehanna University Scholarly Commons Senior Scholars Day Apr 28th, 12:00 AM - 12:00 AM Socially-Facilitated Antipredator Responses in the Wolf Spider Pardosa milvina Kaitlyn Herron Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.susqu.edu/ssd Part of the Behavioral Neurobiology Commons Herron, Kaitlyn, "Socially-Facilitated Antipredator Responses in the Wolf Spider Pardosa milvina" (2020). Senior Scholars Day. 12. https://scholarlycommons.susqu.edu/ssd/2020/posters/12 This Event is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Senior Scholars Day by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Socially-facilitated antipredator responses in the wolf spider Pardosa milvina ! Kaitlyn A. Herron and Matthew H. Persons ! ! Neuroscience Program, Susquehanna University, Selinsgrove, PA 17870 ! ABSTRACT Conspecifics with No Predator Conspecifics with Predator Conspecifics with No Predator METHODS cues, Subject with Predator cues, Subject without cues, Subject without Predator Animals use diverse sources of information to assess predation risk. Many may use direct A cues (CNPSP) Female Pardosa test Predator (CPSNP) Female cues (CNPSNP) Female Pardosa test B D subject (center) has access to silk cues from Pardosa test subject (center) has no silk subject (center) has no access to silk cues information such as visual or odor cues associated with a predator. Additionally, social its larger predatory wolf spider, Tigrosa while cues from Tigrosa while two other female from Tigrosa while two other female Pardosa two other female Pardosa (outside ring) do Pardosa (outside ring) do have access to (outside ring) also have no access to predator species may use indirect sources of information such as observing antipredator responses of not have access to predator cues.
    [Show full text]
  • A Preliminary Checklist to the Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) of Minnesota (U.S.A.) with Annotations
    A Preliminary Checklist to the Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) of Minnesota (U.S.A.) with Annotations Chad J. Heins: Biology Department, Bethany Lutheran College, Mankato, Minnesota Assistant Professor of Biology Bethany Lutheran College 700 Luther Drive Mankato, MN 56001 Abstract This is a list of spider species for Minnesota (U.S.A.). It includes species that have been recorded in Minnesota as well as those which have ranges that suggest they are likely to be found in the state in the future. The checklist is a compilation of records from the literature, museums, and personal collection efforts by the author. Each species is annotated with a select reference or references and a comment if necessary. This list represents several new state records and expansions of several species’ known ranges. Key Terms: Minnesota, Araneae INTRODUCTION Spiders are an abundant component of terrestrial arthropod assemblages. Over 3,800 species of spiders have been documented in North America north of Mexico (Bradley 2013). They present interesting subjects for the study of behavior, taxonomy, and ecology and it has been suggested that they may serve as important ecological indicators (Clausen 1986; Churchill 1997). Their abundance, ease of capture, and limited expense to study make them ideal subjects for study at the undergraduate level and an interest in such applications sent the author in search of a list of Minnesota spiders. The only faunal list for Minnesota that could be located was limited to the family-level (Cutler 1976). Several states and provinces in North America have developed such spider faunal lists. In the Upper Midwest, such lists have been created for Michigan (Snider 1991), Illinois/Indiana (Beatty 2002), Wisconsin (Levi & Field 1954), and Manitoba (Benell-Aitchison & Dondale 1990).
    [Show full text]