SPIDERS: a Class Apart from Insects
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A Checklist of the Non -Acarine Arachnids
Original Research A CHECKLIST OF THE NON -A C A RINE A R A CHNIDS (CHELICER A T A : AR A CHNID A ) OF THE DE HOOP NA TURE RESERVE , WESTERN CA PE PROVINCE , SOUTH AFRIC A Authors: ABSTRACT Charles R. Haddad1 As part of the South African National Survey of Arachnida (SANSA) in conserved areas, arachnids Ansie S. Dippenaar- were collected in the De Hoop Nature Reserve in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. The Schoeman2 survey was carried out between 1999 and 2007, and consisted of five intensive surveys between Affiliations: two and 12 days in duration. Arachnids were sampled in five broad habitat types, namely fynbos, 1Department of Zoology & wetlands, i.e. De Hoop Vlei, Eucalyptus plantations at Potberg and Cupido’s Kraal, coastal dunes Entomology University of near Koppie Alleen and the intertidal zone at Koppie Alleen. A total of 274 species representing the Free State, five orders, 65 families and 191 determined genera were collected, of which spiders (Araneae) South Africa were the dominant taxon (252 spp., 174 genera, 53 families). The most species rich families collected were the Salticidae (32 spp.), Thomisidae (26 spp.), Gnaphosidae (21 spp.), Araneidae (18 2 Biosystematics: spp.), Theridiidae (16 spp.) and Corinnidae (15 spp.). Notes are provided on the most commonly Arachnology collected arachnids in each habitat. ARC - Plant Protection Research Institute Conservation implications: This study provides valuable baseline data on arachnids conserved South Africa in De Hoop Nature Reserve, which can be used for future assessments of habitat transformation, 2Department of Zoology & alien invasive species and climate change on arachnid biodiversity. -
22 3 259 263 Mikhailov Alopecosa.P65
Arthropoda Selecta 22(3): 259263 © ARTHROPODA SELECTA, 2013 Tarentula Sundevall, 1833 and Alopecosa Simon, 1885: a historical account (Aranei: Lycosidae) Tarentula Sundevall, 1833 è Alopecosa Simon, 1885: èñòîðè÷åñêèé îáçîð (Aranei: Lycosidae) K.G. Mikhailov Ê.Ã. Ìèõàéëîâ Zoological Museum MGU, Bolshaya Nikitskaya Str. 6, Moscow 125009 Russia. Çîîëîãè÷åñêèé ìóçåé ÌÃÓ, óë. Áîëüøàÿ Íèêèòñêàÿ, 6, Ìîñêâà 125009 Ðîññèÿ. KEY WORDS: Tarentula, Alopecosa, nomenclature, synonymy, spiders, Lycosidae. ÊËÞ×ÅÂÛÅ ÑËÎÂÀ: Tarentula, Alopecosa, íîìåíêëàòóðà, ñèíîíèìèÿ, ïàóêè, Lycosidae. ABSTRACT. History of Tarentula Sundevall, 1833 genus Lycosa to include the following 11 species (the and Alopecosa Simon, 1885 is reviewed. Validity of current species assignments follow the catalogues by Alopecosa Simon, 1885 is supported. Reimoser [1919], Roewer [1954a], and, especially, Bonnet [1955, 1957, 1959]): ÐÅÇÞÌÅ. Äàí îáçîð èñòîðèè ðîäîâûõ íàçâà- Lycosa Fabrilis [= Alopecosa fabrilis (Clerck, 1758)], íèé Tarentula Sundevall, 1833 è Alopecosa Simon, L. trabalis [= Alopecosa inquilina (Clerck, 1758), male, 1885. Îáîñíîâàíà âàëèäíîñòü íàçâàíèÿ Alopecosa and A. trabalis (Clerck, 1758), female], Simon, 1885. L. vorax?, male [= either Alopecosa trabalis or A. trabalis and A. pulverulenta (Clerck, 1758), according Introduction to different sources], L. nivalis male [= Alopecosa aculeata (Clerck, 1758)], The nomenclatorial problems concerning the ge- L. barbipes [sp.n.] [= Alopecosa barbipes Sundevall, neric names Tarantula Fabricius, 1793, Tarentula Sun- 1833, = A. accentuata (Latreille, 1817)], devall, 1833 and Alopecosa Simon, 1885 have been L. cruciata female [sp.n.] [= Alopecosa barbipes Sun- discussed in the arachnological literature at least twice devall, 1833, = A. accentuata (Latreille, 1817)], [Charitonov, 1931; Bonnet, 1951]. However, the arach- L. pulverulenta [= Alopecosa pulverulenta], nological community seems to have overlooked or ne- L. -
Sexual Selection Research on Spiders: Progress and Biases
Biol. Rev. (2005), 80, pp. 363–385. f Cambridge Philosophical Society 363 doi:10.1017/S1464793104006700 Printed in the United Kingdom Sexual selection research on spiders: progress and biases Bernhard A. Huber* Zoological Research Institute and Museum Alexander Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany (Received 7 June 2004; revised 25 November 2004; accepted 29 November 2004) ABSTRACT The renaissance of interest in sexual selection during the last decades has fuelled an extraordinary increase of scientific papers on the subject in spiders. Research has focused both on the process of sexual selection itself, for example on the signals and various modalities involved, and on the patterns, that is the outcome of mate choice and competition depending on certain parameters. Sexual selection has most clearly been demonstrated in cases involving visual and acoustical signals but most spiders are myopic and mute, relying rather on vibrations, chemical and tactile stimuli. This review argues that research has been biased towards modalities that are relatively easily accessible to the human observer. Circumstantial and comparative evidence indicates that sexual selection working via substrate-borne vibrations and tactile as well as chemical stimuli may be common and widespread in spiders. Pattern-oriented research has focused on several phenomena for which spiders offer excellent model objects, like sexual size dimorphism, nuptial feeding, sexual cannibalism, and sperm competition. The accumulating evidence argues for a highly complex set of explanations for seemingly uniform patterns like size dimorphism and sexual cannibalism. Sexual selection appears involved as well as natural selection and mechanisms that are adaptive in other contexts only. Sperm competition has resulted in a plethora of morpho- logical and behavioural adaptations, and simplistic models like those linking reproductive morphology with behaviour and sperm priority patterns in a straightforward way are being replaced by complex models involving an array of parameters. -
The Biology of the Spider, Misumenops Celer {Hentz), and Studies on .Its Significance As a Factor in the Biological Control of Insect Pests Of-Sorghum
THE BIOLOGY_OF THE SPIDER, MISUMENOPS CELER {HENTZ), AND STUDIES ON .ITS SIGNIFICANCE AS A FACTOR IN THE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS OF-SORGHUM By_ R. MUNIAPPAN t, Bachelor of Science. ,,, . -· Uni_.y.er.sj ty of Madras Madras, India 1963 Master of Science University of Madras Madras; Ind1 a 1965- Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY - Au_gust, 1969 COKIJ.ItlO~ $TAl£ llffliVBmliW lL!iESJ~AFRV i ·.c ·;-· ~ t .. ~6,V;'hi,·.·.·• .t,, •. r_;.,;i,.·~·; ;:.: '<.-~..:, :. ,•·,-. ... 4 ..... ~~;.,~;"-,· ti~'-·· ·· · "'-:O•"'!')"l!"C.fil-,# THE BIOLOGY OF THE SPIDER, MISUMENOPS CELER (HENTZ), AND STUDIES ON ITS SIGNIFICANCE AS A FACTOR IN THE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS OF SORGHUM Thesis Approved: ~1.~· Thesis Adviser . Dean of the Graduate College , ...:t...,., .•. ' 730038 PREFACE In recent years the importance of-.spiders in biological control _ has been well realized, and in many laboratories of the world work on_ this aspect is in progresso During the past five years.the Entomology Department of Oklahoma State Untversiity _has studied their utilization in the biological control of sorghum and other crop pests" Oro Harvey L, Chada, Professor of Entomology, Oklahoma State University, and Investigatfons leader, Entomology Research Division, United States Department of Agriculture, suggested this problem to the author and explained the need to do re$earch on this aspecto The author expresses silllcere appreciation to his major adviser, Dro Harvey L. Chada, for his advice, competent instruction and guidance, encouragement, helpful suggestions, and assistance in the preparation of this thesis o Grateful recognition is expressed to Dr, Do L Howell, Professor and Head of the Department of Entomology, Oro Ro .Ro Walton, Professor of Entomology, and Dr" Do L Weibel, Professor of Agronomy~ for their valu able criticism and suggestions cm the research and on the manuscripto Special appreciation 1s expressed to E. -
Ontogenetic Changes in the Spinning Fields of Nuctenea Cornuta and Neoscona Iheish Araneae, Araneidae)
Yu. L. and J. A. Coddington. J990. Ontogenetic changes in the spinning fields of Nuctenea cornuta and Neoscona iheisH Araneae, Araneidae). J. Arachnol., 18:331-345. ONTOGENETIC CHANGES IN THE SPINNING FIELDS OF NUCTENEA CORNUTA AND NEOSCONA THEISI (ARANEAE, ARANEIDAE) Liuming Yu Div. of Biological Sciences University of Missouri Columbia, Missouri 65211 USA and Jonathan A. Coddington Department of Entomology National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560 USA ABSTRACT The postembryonie development of spinning organs of Nuctenea cornuta (Clerck) and Neoscona theisi (Walckenaer) (Araneae, Araneidae), was studied with SEM. emphasizing first appearance of, and increase in. spigot and fusule complements. Our results suggest that these species may renew their spinning fields by two distinct methods during their ontogeny: spigots may be merely molted in situ like any other cuticular appendage; and/or spigots in one position are lost and "replaced" by an apparently new spigot in a new position. Some or all of each class of fusule (aciniform and pyrifornf) as well as major and minor ampullate spigots are replaced as well as merely molted. Flagelliform and aggregate spigots seem to be merely molted, never replaced. Evidence for these modes of replacement are the apparently vestigial spinning structures that persist from the previous instar, termed "nubbins" in the case of spigots, and "tartipores" in the case of fusules, as well as patterns in the increase in numbers of fusules and spigots. Spinneret ontogeny confirms Theridiidae and Tetragnathidae as phylogenetically derived taxa relative to Araneidae. INTRODUCTION Previous work on spinnerets has concerned histology (see Kovoor 1987 for a review), morphology (Glatz 1967, 1972, 1973; Mikulska 1966, 1967, 1969; Wasowska 1966, 1967, 1970, 1973; Coddington 1989), and function (Peters 1983. -
Effects of Chronic Exposure to the Herbicide, Mesotrione, on Spiders
Susquehanna University Scholarly Commons Senior Scholars Day Apr 28th, 12:00 AM - 12:00 AM Effects of Chronic Exposure to the Herbicide, Mesotrione, on Spiders Maya Khanna Susquehanna University Joseph Evans Susquehanna University Matthew Persons Susquehanna University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.susqu.edu/ssd Khanna, Maya; Evans, Joseph; and Persons, Matthew, "Effects of Chronic Exposure to the Herbicide, Mesotrione, on Spiders" (2020). Senior Scholars Day. 34. https://scholarlycommons.susqu.edu/ssd/2020/posters/34 This Event is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Senior Scholars Day by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Effects of Chronic Exposure to the Herbicide, Mesotrione on Spiders Maya Khanna, Joseph Evans, and Matthew Persons Department of Biology, Susquehanna University, PA 17870 Tigrosa helluo Trochosa ruricola Mecaphesa asperata Frontinella pyramitela Tetragnatha laboriosa Hogna lenta Pisaurina mira Abstract Methods All spiders were collected on Table 1. The predicted lethality of mesotrione on each spider species based upon soil association levels and species size. Toxicity is predicted to increase with smaller size and Mesotrione is a widely used agricultural herbicide and is frequently used alone or as an adjuvant for the Susquehanna University’s campus. Each spider was housed in a 473 ml (16oz) greater soil contact. Sample sizes for each species are indicated to the left. A total of 615 herbicides glyphosate and atrazine. The effects of mesotrione are largely untested on beneficial non-target spiders were used in this study. species such as spiders. -
Predation on Reproducing Wolf Spiders: Access to Information Has Differential Effects on Male and Female Survival
Animal Behaviour 128 (2017) 165e173 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Animal Behaviour journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/anbehav Predation on reproducing wolf spiders: access to information has differential effects on male and female survival * Ann L. Rypstra a, , Chad D. Hoefler b, 1, Matthew H. Persons c, 2 a Department of Biology, Miami University, Hamilton, OH, U.S.A. b Department of Biology, Arcadia University, Glenside, PA, U.S.A. c Department of Biology, Susquehanna University, Selinsgrove, PA, U.S.A. article info Predation has widespread influences on animal behaviour, and reproductive activities can be particularly Article history: dangerous. Males and females differ in their reactions to sensory stimuli from predators and potential Received 13 September 2016 mates, which affects the risk experienced by each sex. Thus, the information available can cause dif- Initial acceptance 8 November 2016 ferential survival and have profound implications for mating opportunities and population structure. The Final acceptance 24 March 2017 wolf spider, Pardosa milvina, detects and responds in a risk-sensitive manner to chemotactile information from a larger predator, the wolf spider Tigrosa helluo. Male P. milvina use similar chemotactile cues to find MS. number: A16-00806R2 females whereas female P. milvina focus on the visual, and perhaps vibratory, aspects of the male display. Our aim was to document the risk posed by T. helluo predators on P. milvina during reproduction and to Keywords: determine whether augmenting chemotactile information would affect that outcome. In the laboratory, chemical cue we explored the effects of adding predator and/or female cues on the predatory success of T. -
Common Kansas Spiders
A Pocket Guide to Common Kansas Spiders By Hank Guarisco Photos by Hank Guarisco Funded by Westar Energy Green Team, American Arachnological Society and the Chickadee Checkoff Published by the Friends of the Great Plains Nature Center i Table of Contents Introduction • 2 Arachnophobia • 3 Spider Anatomy • 4 House Spiders • 5 Hunting Spiders • 5 Venomous Spiders • 6-7 Spider Webs • 8-9 Other Arachnids • 9-12 Species accounts • 13 Texas Brown Tarantula • 14 Brown Recluse • 15 Northern Black Widow • 16 Southern & Western Black Widows • 17-18 Woodlouse Spider • 19 Truncated Cellar Spider • 20 Elongated Cellar Spider • 21 Common Cellar Spider • 22 Checkered Cobweb Weaver • 23 Quasi-social Cobweb Spider • 24 Carolina Wolf Spider • 25 Striped Wolf Spider • 26 Dotted Wolf Spider • 27 Western Lance Spider • 28 Common Nurseryweb Spider • 29 Tufted Nurseryweb Spider • 30 Giant Fishing Spider • 31 Six-spotted Fishing Spider • 32 Garden Ghost Spider Cover Photo: Cherokee Star-bellied Orbweaver ii Eastern Funnelweb Spider • 33 Eastern and Western Parson Spiders • 34 Garden Ghost Spider • 35 Bark Crab Spider • 36 Prairie Crab Spider • 37 Texas Crab Spider • 38 Black-banded Crab Spider • 39 Ridge-faced Flower Spider • 40 Striped Lynx Spider • 41 Black-banded Common and Convict Zebra Spiders • 42 Crab Spider Dimorphic Jumping Spider • 43 Bold Jumping Spider • 44 Apache Jumping Spider • 45 Prairie Jumping Spider • 46 Emerald Jumping Spider • 47 Bark Jumping Spider • 48 Puritan Pirate Spider • 49 Eastern and Four-lined Pirate Spiders • 50 Orchard Spider • 51 Castleback Orbweaver • 52 Triangulate Orbweaver • 53 Common & Cherokee Star-bellied Orbweavers • 54 Black & Yellow Garden Spider • 55 Banded Garden Spider • 56 Marbled Orbweaver • 57 Eastern Arboreal Orbweaver • 58 Western Arboreal Orbweaver • 59 Furrow Orbweaver • 60 Eastern Labyrinth Orbweaver • 61 Giant Long-jawed Orbweaver • 62 Silver Long-jawed Orbweaver • 63 Bowl and Doily Spider • 64 Filmy Dome Spider • 66 References • 67 Pocket Guides • 68-69 1 Introduction This is a guide to the most common spiders found in Kansas. -
SA Spider Checklist
REVIEW ZOOS' PRINT JOURNAL 22(2): 2551-2597 CHECKLIST OF SPIDERS (ARACHNIDA: ARANEAE) OF SOUTH ASIA INCLUDING THE 2006 UPDATE OF INDIAN SPIDER CHECKLIST Manju Siliwal 1 and Sanjay Molur 2,3 1,2 Wildlife Information & Liaison Development (WILD) Society, 3 Zoo Outreach Organisation (ZOO) 29-1, Bharathi Colony, Peelamedu, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641004, India Email: 1 [email protected]; 3 [email protected] ABSTRACT Thesaurus, (Vol. 1) in 1734 (Smith, 2001). Most of the spiders After one year since publication of the Indian Checklist, this is described during the British period from South Asia were by an attempt to provide a comprehensive checklist of spiders of foreigners based on the specimens deposited in different South Asia with eight countries - Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. The European Museums. Indian checklist is also updated for 2006. The South Asian While the Indian checklist (Siliwal et al., 2005) is more spider list is also compiled following The World Spider Catalog accurate, the South Asian spider checklist is not critically by Platnick and other peer-reviewed publications since the last scrutinized due to lack of complete literature, but it gives an update. In total, 2299 species of spiders in 67 families have overview of species found in various South Asian countries, been reported from South Asia. There are 39 species included in this regions checklist that are not listed in the World Catalog gives the endemism of species and forms a basis for careful of Spiders. Taxonomic verification is recommended for 51 species. and participatory work by arachnologists in the region. -
Mate-Guarding Courtship Behaviour: Tactics in a Changing World
UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Previously Published Works Title Mate-guarding courtship behaviour: Tactics in a changing world Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6c06b1mc Authors Elias, DO Sivalinghem, S Mason, AC et al. Publication Date 2014-12-01 DOI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.08.007 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Animal Behaviour 97 (2014) 25e33 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Animal Behaviour journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/anbehav Mate-guarding courtship behaviour: tactics in a changing world * Damian O. Elias a, , Senthurran Sivalinghem b, Andrew C. Mason b, Maydianne C. B. Andrade b, Michael M. Kasumovic c a Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, U.S.A. b Integrative Behaviour and Neuroscience Group, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada c School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia article info Mate guarding is one of the most common tactics in sperm competition. Males are expected to guard Article history: their mates when costs of guarding (accrued from physical confrontations with rivals and/or reduced Received 17 April 2014 foraging) are low relative to the benefits of ensuring mating opportunities and paternity. We investigated Initial acceptance 2 June 2014 mate guarding in the jumping spider Phidippus clarus, a species where males defend immature subadult Final acceptance 17 July 2014 females against rival males and attempt to mate with the females soon after they mature. We assessed a Published online possible social cost of mate-guarding behaviour (male intersexual signalling) using laser vibrometry and MS. -
Spider Fauna of Meghalaya, India
Available online at www.worldscientificnews.com WSN 71 (2017) 78-104 EISSN 2392-2192 Spider Fauna of Meghalaya, India Tapan Kumar Roy1,a, Sumana Saha2,b and Dinendra Raychaudhuri1,c 1Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, IRDM Faculty Centre, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda University, Narendrapur, Kolkata - 700103, India 2Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Barasat Govt. College, Barasat, Kolkata – 700124, India a,b,cE-mails: [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected] ABSTRACT The present study is on the spider fauna of Nongkhylem Wildlife Sanctuary (NWS), Sohra (Cherrapunji) [included within East Khasi Hill District], Umsning (Ri Bhoi District) and their surrounding tea estates (Anderson Tea Estate, Byrnihat Tea Estate and Meg Tea Estate) of Meghalaya, India. A total of 55 species belonging to 36 genera and 13 families are sampled. Newly recorded taxa include four genera and 11 species of Araneidae, six genera of Araneidae, each represented by single species. The species recorded under Tylorida Simon and Tetragnatha Latreille of Tetragnathidae and Camaricus Thorell and Thomisus Walckenaer of Thomisidae are found to be new from the state. Also, three oxyopids and one miagrammopid are new. So far, Linyphiidae, Pisauridae, Sparassidae and Theridiidae were unknown from the state. Out of 55 species, 13 are endemic to India and thus exhibiting a high endemicity (23.6%). A family key of the State Fauna is provided along with relevant images of the newly recorded species. Keywords: Spiders, New Records, Endemicity, Nongkhylem Wildlife Sanctuary, Sohra; Umsning, Tea Ecosystem, Meghalaya, Tylorida, Tetragnatha, Tetragnathidae, Camaricus, Thomisus, Thomisidae, Linyphiidae, Pisauridae, Sparassidae, Theridiidae, Araneidae ( Received 05 April 2017; Accepted 01 May 2017; Date of Publication 03 May 2017 ) World Scientific News 71 (2017) 78-104 1. -
Comparative Analysis of Courtship in <I>Agelenopsis</I> Funnel-Web Spiders
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 5-2012 Comparative analysis of courtship in Agelenopsis funnel-web spiders (Araneae, Agelenidae) with an emphasis on potential isolating mechanisms Audra Blair Galasso [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Part of the Behavior and Ethology Commons Recommended Citation Galasso, Audra Blair, "Comparative analysis of courtship in Agelenopsis funnel-web spiders (Araneae, Agelenidae) with an emphasis on potential isolating mechanisms. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2012. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/1377 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Audra Blair Galasso entitled "Comparative analysis of courtship in Agelenopsis funnel-web spiders (Araneae, Agelenidae) with an emphasis on potential isolating mechanisms." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. Susan E. Riechert, Major