DOCSLIB.ORG

Download Thesis

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Download Thesis This electronic thesis or dissertation has been downloaded from the King’s Research Portal at https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/ Navigating the Practice An Exploration of Enterprise Risk Management at the Port of London Authority Hendy, Philip John Awarding institution: King's College London The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without proper acknowledgement. END USER LICENCE AGREEMENT Unless another licence is stated on the immediately following page this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work Under the following conditions: Attribution: You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Non Commercial: You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No Derivative Works - You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. Any of these conditions can be waived if you receive permission from the author. Your fair dealings and other rights are in no way affected by the above. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact librarypure@kcl.ac.uk providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 27. Sep. 2021 Navigating the Practice: An Exploration of Enterprise Risk Management at the Port of London Authority Philip J. Hendy A Thesis Submitted to the Department of Geography, King’s College London for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) December 1, 2017 Page 1 Abstract This thesis explores the intra-organisational dynamics behind the increasingly prevalent adoption of private-sector style enterprise risk management (ERM) practices by public-sector organisations. The core tenets of ERM are predicated on the idea that a diverse range of organisational issues and challenges can be processed and managed through a set of standardised, universal tools and techniques. Neo-institutional theory holds that broad, macro level pressures act upon organisations at a field level creating pressures to adopt homogeneous structures and processes as a means of gaining and maintaining organisational legitimacy. However, outside of the notion of a range of strategic decoupling responses, relatively little research has been undertaken on how different areas of an organisation actually interpret and apply the institutionalised practice of risk management across its functional departments. To that end, this thesis looks at how the Port of London Authority is operationalising a newly adopted risk management policy as it continues to manage societal and organisational risks. Through the use of 41 semi-structured interviews, document analysis and participant observation, the study explores why and how employees from functionally disparate areas of the organisation utilise risk management practices. The study focuses on the organisational, institutional and cultural dynamics that drive and shape an employee’s understanding of what ERM is meant to achieve and how best to go about implementing it. The findings suggest that employees decoupled the ERM practice differentially across the organisation’s departments as a means of ‘organisational conservatism’. The research presents new knowledge in regards to how the Port of London Authority relied on three distinct ‘if-then’ logics as a means to decouple ERM from its intended outcome of managing risk across the organisation to one that serves to protect and reinforce existing organisational arrangements and rationalities. This process of organisational conservatism enabled departments to reinforce their identities, increase their organisational standing and substantiate past actions. In essence, the organisation adapted ERM to reinforce and justify existing practices as a means to become more certain about what it already knows, rather than reduce the effects of uncertainty in achieving the organisational objectives. Page 2 Acknowledgements First and foremost, I must thank my wife. Amy, you have been nothing short of incredible throughout this entire process. The understanding, compassion and love you have shown me throughout this journey is something I will remain eternally grateful for. I am extremely grateful to Henry Rothstein for the countless discussions, unwavering support, and grounding opinions you so freely supplied me with. The encouragement you extended made my transition back to academia a much less daunting endeavour. I am well aware how truly fortunate I was to have you as my supervisor. Thank-you to David Demeritt, for your challenging insights and making available your wealth of knowledge on such a routine basis. A special thank you to Sam Tang, as well as the rest of Risk and Hazards reading group: Lukasz Erecinski, Dominic Way, David Self, Maria Escobar, Maria Vinogradova, Anne-Laure Beaussier, and Chris Bennett. I also extend my sincere gratitude to the Alberta Energy Regulator. It is through my employer’s substantial moral and financial support that all of this was made possible I would also like to thank all of those individuals at the Port of London Authority who so openly welcomed me into their midst. They extended their sense of family so quickly and genuinely; including me in meetings, discussions, and activities without question or concern. I must also thank Ragnar Lofstedt, who was instrumental in connecting me with the Port of London Authority. Lastly, I would like to offer a special thank-you to my most beloved canine companion, Lily. You made a huge journey from Canada to London in the middle of January, weathering conditions I would rather not know about. You were my trusted companion and confidante on some long and rainy days, when I missed so much of my family and friends from home. I sincerely miss our frequent escapes to the woods and enjoying the peacefulness of English countryside together. Page 3 Table of Contents Navigating the Practice: An Exploration of Enterprise Risk Management at the Port of London Authority ............................................................................................................................................................. 1 Abstract ............................................................................................................................................................... 2 Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................................... 3 Table of Contents.............................................................................................................................................. 4 Index of Figures ................................................................................................................................................ 8 Index of Tables .................................................................................................................................................. 9 Chapter 1 Introduction................................................................................................................................... 10 1.1 Enterprise Risk Management in the Public Sector ........................................................................ 10 1.1.1 ERM and Port of London Authority ........................................................................................ 12 1.2 Research Aims and Goals .................................................................................................................. 13 1.3 Thesis Outline ..................................................................................................................................... 16 Chapter 2 Literature Review .......................................................................................................................... 17 2.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 17 2.2 The Rise of Enterprise Risk Management ...................................................................................... 17 2.2.1 Corporate Governance and the Introduction of ERM .......................................................... 20 2.2.2 What is ERM? ............................................................................................................................... 22 2.3 Challenges of Operationalising ERM .............................................................................................. 24 2.3.1 Perceiving Risks in Organisations .............................................................................................. 25 2.3.2 Cultural Factors Influencing Risk Perceptions in Organisations .......................................... 26 2.3.3 Technical Aspects of ERM Interacting with Organisation Arrangements.......................... 28 2.4 Understanding Organisations: A Neo-Institutionalist Perspective ............................................. 30 2.4.1 Neo-Institutional Pressures and Organisational Legitimacy .................................................. 30 2.4.2 Explaining Practice Variation: Decoupling, Institutional Logics and Pluralism, and Organisational Identities ......................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Serco Letterhead
    Emergency Planning College Occasional Papers New Series Number 6 October 2013 Review of Persistent Lessons Identified Relating to Interoperability from Emergencies and Major Incidents since 1986 Dr Kevin Pollock A report commissioned by the Cabinet Office Civil Contingencies Secretariat and the Emergency Planning College Please Note: EPC Occasional Papers are usually discussion articles, written and published in order to stimulate debate and reflection on key themes of interest to the resilience community. They are published by the Emergency Planning College on the Knowledge Centre of its website and are available freely to practitioners and researchers. The opinions and views they express are those of the author(s). This paper does not constitute formal guidance or doctrine of any sort, statutory or otherwise, and its contents are not to be regarded as the expression of government policy or intent. This is a report written by Dr Pollock under commission from the Civil Contingencies Secretariat (CCS) of the Cabinet Office and the Emergency Planning College. For further information on the Occasional papers series, including a submissions guide for those who wish to put forward a paper for consideration, please contact: Mark Leigh Emergency Planning College T: 01347 825036 E: mark.leigh@emergencyplanningcollege.com 2 Contents Chapter Pages Executive Summary 4-7 Chapter 1 Introduction 8-9 Context of Review Research Approach Conclusion Chapter 2 Introduction 10-13 Integrated Emergency Management Joint Emergency Services Interoperability Programme
    [Show full text]
  • MAIB Report No 32/2014
    ACCIDENT REPORT ACCIDENT sinking oftheDUKW andabandonment amphibiouspassenger VERY SERIOUS MARINE CASUALTY REPORT NO CASUALTY SERIOUS MARINE VERY fire and abandonment of the DUKW amphibious passenger oftheDUKW andabandonment fire amphibiouspassenger Combined report on the investigations ofthe reportCombined ontheinvestigations on the River Thames, London Thames, on theRiver in Salthouse Dock, Liverpool H Wacker Quacker 1 Quacker Wacker on 29 September 2013 on 29September NC on 15June2013 A Cleopatra R and the vehicle vehicle N B IO T A G TI S 32 /2014 DECEMBER 2014 INVE T DEN I C C A NE RI A M Extract from The United Kingdom Merchant Shipping (Accident Reporting and Investigation) Regulations 2012 – Regulation 5: “The sole objective of the investigation of an accident under the Merchant Shipping (Accident Reporting and Investigation) Regulations 2012 shall be the prevention of future accidents through the ascertainment of its causes and circumstances. It shall not be the purpose of an investigation to determine liability nor, except so far as is necessary to achieve its objective, to apportion blame.” NOTE This report is not written with litigation in mind and, pursuant to Regulation 14(14) of the Merchant Shipping (Accident Reporting and Investigation) Regulations 2012, shall be inadmissible in any judicial proceedings whose purpose, or one of whose purposes is to attribute or apportion liability or blame. © Crown copyright, 2014 You may re-use this document/publication (not including departmental or agency logos) free of charge in any format or medium. You must re-use it accurately and not in a misleading context. The material must be acknowledged as Crown copyright and you must give the title of the source publication.
    [Show full text]
  • The New National Boatmasters' Licence
    House of Commons Transport Committee The new National Boatmasters’ Licence Sixth Report of Session 2006–07 Volume II Oral and written evidence Ordered by The House of Commons to be printed 16 May 2007 HC 320-II Published on 25 May 2007 by authority of the House of Commons London: The Stationery Office Limited £16.50 The Transport Committee The Transport Committee is appointed by the House of Commons to examine the expenditure, administration and policy of the Department for Transport and its associated public bodies. Current membership Mrs Gwyneth Dunwoody MP (Labour, Crewe and Nantwich) (Chairman) Mr David Clelland MP (Labour, Tyne Bridge) Mr Jeffrey M Donaldson MP (Democratic Unionist, Lagan Valley) Clive Efford MP (Labour, Eltham) Mrs Louise Ellman MP (Labour/Co-operative, Liverpool Riverside) Mr Philip Hollobone MP (Conservative, Kettering) Mr John Leech MP (Liberal Democrat, Manchester, Withington) Mr Eric Martlew MP (Labour, Carlisle) Mr Lee Scott MP (Conservative, Ilford North) Mr Graham Stringer MP (Labour, Manchester Blackley) Mr David Wilshire MP (Conservative, Spelthorne) Powers The Committee is one of the departmental select committees, the powers of which are set out in House of Commons Standing Orders, principally in SO No 152. These are available on the Internet via www.parliament.uk. Publications The Reports and evidence of the Committee are published by The Stationery Office by Order of the House. All publications of the Committee (including press notices) are on the Internet at www.parliament.uk/transcom. A list of reports of the Committee for the current session is at the back of this Report. Committee staff The current staff of the Committee are Tom Healey (Clerk), Annette Toft (Second Clerk), Clare Maltby (Committee Specialist), Louise Butcher (Inquiry Manager), Alison Mara (Committee Assistant), Ronnie Jefferson (Secretary), Jim Lawford (Senior Office Clerk) and Laura Kibby (Media Officer).
    [Show full text]
  • Tidal Thames Water Safety Forum
    Tidal Thames Water Safety Forum Drowning Prevention Strategy: Accidental and Self Harm TIDAL THAMES WATER SAFETY FORUM Drowning Prevention Strategy May 2019 TIDAL THAMES WATER SAFETY FORUM Foreword 1. Background p2 I am delighted to support the Tidal Foreword p3 Thames Water Safety Forum which brings 1. Background together vital agencies across maritime, 1.1 Membership p4 coastal and emergency services to keep 1.2 Scope p4 the tidal Thames safe for everyone. Our aim is to reduce the number of avoidable 1.3 The London picture p4 deaths from drowning in the tidal 1.4 Rising suicide rates p7 Thames targeting a ‘zero harm’ policy. Stretching 95 miles from Teddington in 1.5 Coping with London’s growth p7 the west to the North Sea in the east, the 1.6 The case for community p9 tidal Thames is the UK’s busiest waterway, used all year round by safety commercial and recreational vessels alike. It is iconic and its bridges are known the world over. 2. Strategic objectives p10 In 2018, 30 people drowned in the river, accounting for 8% of 2.1 Overview p11 drowning-related deaths nationally. Over the year, there were 688 recorded cases of people threatening to enter the Thames to take 2.2 Raising awareness p11 their life. 105 people actually entered the water, triggering 2.3 Tackle river-related suicide p12 interventions by the emergency services. As Minister for suicide and self-harm drownings prevention I see all these incidents as preventable. I am determined that we make our public areas safe and put in place 2.4 Implement a robust, multi- p15 appropriate measures to reduce risk.
    [Show full text]
  • Contribution of Social Care to Emergency Response and Recovery
    20.05.08 Caring in a Crisis: The Contribution of Social Care to Emergency Response and Recovery Final Report to the Social Care Institute of Excellence Prepared by Camilla Child, Daniel Clay, Camille Warrington, and Julie Das of The Tavistock Institute Camilla Child The Tavistock Institute 30 Tabernacle Street London EC2A 4UE T +44 (0)20 7417 0407 F +44 (0)20 7457 0566 E c.child@tavinstitute.org W tavinstitute.org Acknowledgements 4 Executive Summary 6 Clarification of the roles and responsibilities of responders 6 Promoting effective management and communication 7 Training and support for staff 8 Promoting critical and strategic thinking around recovery provision 9 List of Definitions 10 1. Introduction 12 2. Research Review 13 2.1. Introduction 13 2.2. Methodology 13 2.3. Policy Context 16 2.4. Social Care and Humanitarian Assistance 18 2.5. The role of social care in emergency planning 19 2.6. The role of social care in emergency response 24 2.7. Role of social care: moving from response to recovery 29 2.8. The importance of multi-agency working 31 2.9. The importance of communication: Information sharing 35 2.10. The importance of Evaluation and Performance Management 36 3. Practice Survey Methodology 37 3.1. Introduction 37 3.2. Interviews and focus groups with key stakeholders 37 3.3. Interviews and focus groups with case study stakeholders 38 3.4. Stakeholder learning event 39 3.5. Drawing the information together 39 4. Practice Survey discussion of findings 41 4.1 Stakeholder Interviews 41 4.2. Case Study Stakeholders 53 4.3.
    [Show full text]
  • River Thames 43AD Timeline Cards the Romans Settle
    River Thames 43AD Timeline Cards The Romans settle. They find the first suitable place that the River Thames can be crossed and call it Londinium. twinkl.com 50AD 1014 The first crossing King Ethelred invades. is built. The first ‘London Bridge’ He sailed up the Thames is built. A simple crossing tearing part of the over the river. bridge down. twinkl.com twinkl.com Photos courtesy of Matt Brown, MCAD Library and cigcardpix (via Flickr.com) - granted under creative commons licence - attribution 1078 1176 The Tower of London The first London Bridge is built. is commissioned. King Henry II The Tower is built to commissions the first watch over enemy London Bridge that also approaches to London had many building and by river or road. houses built on it! twinkl.com 1300s 1510 The Woolwich Ferry Licences for passenger begins to cross the river. transport are granted. The Woolwich Ferry is They were granted by the still in operation today! King, Henry VIII. twinkl.com twinkl.com Photos courtesy of Peter (via Flickr.com) - granted under creative commons licence - attribution 1633 1666 The old London Bridge The Great Fire of London catches fire. takes place. The Thames provides Fire destroys most of the water for firefighting and buildings at the city end a means of escape as of the bridge. people fled to the river to try to escape by boat. twinkl.com 1700s 1758 Frost Fairs start to Old London Bridge be held. buildings are demolished. An act of parliament led These were fairs held to the demolishing of all on the river when the the buildings on Thames froze over.
    [Show full text]
  • Guidance on Part 1 of the Civil Contingencies Act 2004, Its Associated Regulations and Non-Statutory Arrangements
    Emergency Preparedness Guidance on Part 1 of the Civil Contingencies Act 2004, its associated Regulations and non-statutory arrangements £10.00 EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS 1 Contents Chapter 1 Introduction 3 Chapter 2 Co-operation 10 Chapter 3 Information sharing 24 Chapter 4 Local responder risk assessment duty 34 Chapter 5 Emergency planning 47 Chapter 6 Business continuity management 74 Chapter 7 Communicating with the public 93 Chapter 8 Advice and assistance to business and voluntary organisations 109 Chapter 9 London 128 Chapter 10 Scotland 132 Chapter 11 Wales 136 Chapter 12 Northern Ireland 141 Chapter 13 Monitoring and enforcement 146 Chapter 14 The role of the voluntary sector 154 Chapter 15 Sectors not covered by the Act 160 Chapter 16 The role of the Minister 163 Chapter 17 Co-operation at the regional level in England 167 Chapter 18 Planning at the regional level in England 174 2 CONTENTS Annexes 178 Annex 2A Model terms of reference for the Local Resilience Forum 178 Annex 3A Formal procedures for requesting information 179 Annex 3B Information request proformas 181 Annex 4A Summary of the six-step local risk assessment process 183 Annex 4B Illustration of a Local Risk Assessment Guidance (LRAG) 186 Annex 4C Example of an individual risk assessment 193 Annex 4D Likelihood and impact scoring scales 195 Annex 4E Community Risk Register 198 Annex 4F Risk rating matrix 199 Annex 5A Examples of generic and specific plans 201 Annex 5B Generic plan: emergency or major incident 203 Annex 5C Specific plan 204 Annex 5D Example of a plan
    [Show full text]
  • !( !( !( !(!( !( !( !( Long Term Home Moorings
    RE-011-023 1 RE-011-022 (! RE-011-010 1 (! (!(!11 RE-011-012 1 Style of Mooring Long Term Moorings (! (! (! (!1 RE-001 Long term home moorings34 - Regent's Canal - 011 (! (!! ( RE-011-012 RE-011-010 1 Style of Mooring Long Term Moorings (! (! (! (!1 RE-001 Long term home moorings35 - Regent's Canal - 012 Style of Mooring Long Term Moorings (! (! (! (!1 RE-001 Long term home moorings36 - Regent's Canal - 013 Style of Mooring Long Term Moorings (! (! (! (!1 RE-001 Long term home moorings37 - Regent's Canal - 014 From: To: Subject: ILLEGAL MOORING Date: 31 May 2013 10:13:22 Dear Sir, I am a resident on Trowlock Island, main stream side, and over the years have watched with increasing alarm as the number of boats moored illegally on the other side, on both the Kingston and Richmond controlled banks, has grown at an incredible rate. I regularly walk and jog the circuit over Teddington Lock Bridge along the towpath back down to Kingston Bridge and back home. There must be at least, on the last count earlier this month, in excess of 40 vessels of various sizes and state of disrepair moored on this stretch. Most are double and triple moored opposite the Lensbury Club. I have not looked closely, but would suggest, that a majority of these boats do not have a current boat registration disc in place. The state of the immediate surrounding area to this moored flotilla has been seriously affected by it's presence, not to mention the fact that the human waste produced by the occupants must, obviously, be going over the side and becoming part of the poor old Thames.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to the New Master Simon Mccarthy
    The Newsletter of The Company of Watermen and Lightermen of The River Thames Volume 4 – Issue 6 A Message from The Clerk Introduction to the new Master Another Company year passes Simon McCarthy HMW and we have a new Master, Simon McCarthy with, as Senior I am delighted to be elected the 191st Warden, Dr Iain Reid and Junior Master of the Company and look Wardens – Tony Maynard, Mrs forward to representing you in the Gina Blair and Sean Collins. coming months. Whilst the Hall is remaining open As a fifth generation Waterman, my during office hours we have a few personal journey began in 1979, when I repairs to do and some of us are was apprenticed by my father, Peter. taking a break before we start Starting my apprenticeship at Cherry again in earnest in September. Garden Pier, I kept up my commitment Forthcoming Events to rowing from Globe and Poplar rowing clubs, which saw me represent Great SEPTEMBER 2017 Britain in World Rowing 1st-30th Mayor’s Thames Festival Championships from 1980 to 1984. A 8th Apprentices Down River Trip change of career led me to work for a 8th River Thames Lunch Club number of years as a Foreign Exchange 9th Great River Race Broker in the City of London but the 10th Steve Faldo Memorial Race & River Thames, and rowing in particular, David Pope Challenge 16th Open House London continued to feature significantly in my 22-24th Apprentices Henley daily life. In 1984, I won the Doggett’s Sculling Weekend Coat and Badge Wager, a race which I remain passionate about and, today, work to ensure its preservation.
    [Show full text]
  • The Centre for Corporate Accountability
    THE CENTRE FOR CORPORATE ACCOUNTABILITY SUBMISSION TO THE THAMES SAFETY INQUIRY On the question “SHOULD THERE BE A PUBLIC INQUIRY INTO THE MARCHIONESS DISASTER AND IF SO WHAT SHOULD BE ITS TERMS OF REFERENCE?” November 1999 Tel: (0207) 490 4494 e-mail: info@corporateaccountability.org Address: Fourth Floor,197/199 City Road, London EC1V 1JN Web Page www.corporateaccountability.org INTRODUCTION 1 This is the written submission of the Centre for Corporate Accountability1 to the Thames Safety Inquiry on the question of whether there should be a public inquiry into the “Marchioness Disaster” and what should be the terms of any such inquiry if it is held. It is the firm view of the Centre that: (i) a public inquiry should be held; and (ii) that the terms of any such public inquiry should include an examination of the adequacy of the criminal investigation undertaken into the disaster and into the decisions made by the Crown Prosecution Service. 2. A public inquiry should be held since: (i) a public inquiry should have been announced immediately after the disaster; (ii) the inquiries that did take place – the MAIB and the Coroner’s inquest – failed (either separately or in combination) to come close to achieving the goals and purposes of a public inquiry; and (iii) subsequent to the disaster (as in the case of the death of Stephen Lawrence) the government failed to conduct a proper criminal investigation and ensure that the correct prosecution decisions were taken. The focus of this submission concerns (iii) above. 3. It is our contention that failures on the part of: (i) the police, (ii) the MAIB (whose findings were taken into account in the decisions by the Crown Prosecution Service), and (iii) the Crown Prosecution Service may well have led to a very serious miscarriage of justice involving the deaths of 51 people.
    [Show full text]
  • Thames Tideway Enforcement: the Case for a Single Unified Agency
    Middlesex University Research Repository An open access repository of Middlesex University research http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk Watson, Roger (2006) Thames tideway enforcement: the case for a single unified agency. DProf thesis, Middlesex University. [Thesis] This version is available at: https://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/2666/ Copyright: Middlesex University Research Repository makes the University’s research available electronically. Copyright and moral rights to this work are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners unless otherwise stated. The work is supplied on the understanding that any use for commercial gain is strictly forbidden. A copy may be downloaded for personal, non-commercial, research or study without prior permission and without charge. Works, including theses and research projects, may not be reproduced in any format or medium, or extensive quotations taken from them, or their content changed in any way, without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder(s). They may not be sold or exploited commercially in any format or medium without the prior written permission of the copyright holder(s). Full bibliographic details must be given when referring to, or quoting from full items including the author’s name, the title of the work, publication details where relevant (place, publisher, date), pag- ination, and for theses or dissertations the awarding institution, the degree type awarded, and the date of the award. If you believe that any material held in the repository infringes copyright law, please contact the Repository Team at Middlesex University via the following email address: eprints@mdx.ac.uk The item will be removed from the repository while any claim is being investigated.
    [Show full text]
  • Encouraging Creative Risk to Reduce Risk to Life
    INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING AND PRODUCT DESIGN EDUCATION 7 & 8 SEPTEMBER 2017, OSLO AND AKERSHUS UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF APPLIED SCIENCES, NORWAY ENCOURAGING CREATIVE RISK TO REDUCE RISK TO LIFE Ashley HALL, Mike KANN, Laura FERRARELLO and Robert PULLEY Royal College of Art ABSTRACT Encouraging creative risk to reduce risk to life explores how a collaborative, cross disciplinary design research and teaching methodology can provide a platform for tackling projects in the complex industrial risk at sea scenario. Our research discusses the culture of design engaging with risk in the context of the wicked problems we identified, the methods and techniques used to tackle these challenges, how cross disciplinary projects can lead to novel insights, and how design education can be used to engage with industry and users to bridge the gap between technological innovation and user needs. The Royal College of Art funded by the Lloyds Register Foundation, working with a group of industry stakeholders, investigated two major areas of risk within the maritime context: Safe Sea Transfers from ship to ship, and making the Thames the safest city river by the year 2030. The contrasting questions of the deep, complex design issues in ship to ship transfers and the broad strategic future requirement for the River Thames in 2030 were explored using a range of approaches that encouraged collaboration, innovation and risk taking in design practice. Our conclusions support the view that an approach of increasing creative risk in education can provide insights into the use of design led innovation in order to reduce risk to life. Furthermore, we uncover the implications this has in terms of projects, disciplines and practices in the role of design thinking in general, and more specifically in the context of risk and safety at sea.
    [Show full text]