BA (General) Degree: Revised Curriculum Faculty of Social Sciences University of Kelaniya

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

BA (General) Degree: Revised Curriculum Faculty of Social Sciences University of Kelaniya BA (General) Degree: Revised Curriculum Faculty of Social Sciences University of Kelaniya 2014 October PREFACE The Faculty of Social Sciences (FSS) successfully revised the curriculum of the B.A. Special Degree Program with the assistance of the IRQUE project in 2010. With the experience, the exposure and the knowledge obtained from that exercise the need for revising curriculum of the BA General Degree study program (GDSP) was realized. During the last several decades, the FSS has not been able to revise the curricular of the GDSPs and it has severely affected the quality of graduates and relevance of the degree programme to current requirements of the nation. Then a committee was appointed to prepare an academic development proposal by the Dean of the FSS. The proposal submitted by the FSS focusing on these aspects along with a development plan to the HETC competitive grants was accepted and a total sum of rupees twenty million was granted under QIG Window 1 for carrying out the project. One of the major activities of the development plan is Curriculum Development (CD) of the BA (General) degree programme modules of the FSS. Abiding by the rules and regulations pertaining to the grant, the positions of an Overall Consultant (OC) and 17 Subject Specialists (SS) for the 17 study modules including Economics, Geography, Development Studies, International Relations, Mass Communication, Library Sciences, History, Archaeology, Anthropology, Sociology, Social Statistics, Philosophy and Political Sciences of the BA (General) degree were advertised and the most suitable candidates were selected from among the applicants. All the SSs had been appointed in consultation of the Head and staff members of the respective Departments. The OC and all SSs signed agreements with the University of Kelaniya (UOK) for undertaking the CD process of the FSS. The first workshop on Curriculum Planning (WCP) was successfully conducted to discuss the CD process of the FSS. The Deans of both faculties, senior staff of the both faculties, OC, SSs, stakeholders and project officials participated in the workshop. We recognize the fact that improving the quality of the BA (General) graduates cannot be achieved through revision of only the modules contributed by the FSS to BA(General) degree curriculum because FSS and FH are twin faculties that contribute to BA (General) degree, and the majority of the undergraduates of both faculties follow at least one or two courses from either FSS or FH. Therefore, we have extended our goodwill to include the FH into CD based on their self-commitment without incurring any additional cost to the HETC funds. Our OC provided voluntary academic support to the FH. Subsequent to the first CD Workshop, a series of mini workshops on Designing Curricular (WDC) were held at Departmental level under the guidance of the OC, with the participation of the respective SSs and members of the Departments during the past several months at each department of FSS. The participants of the WDC were able to clarify the issues and formulate desired Graduate Profile and the Programme Outcomes of the degree program. As the 3rd step of the CD process, a workshop on ‘Student Centered Learning; Outcome based Learning and Setting up a Common Framework for the General Degree Study Program’ was held to set up a Common Framework for the curriculum of both faculties and to Idnetify learning activities and time requirements for the ILOs. Next workshop on Workshop on Course Formulation (WCF) and Course sequencing were the final programmes of the CD of the FSS. The objectives of the WCF was to map the identified learning activities and time durations with the intended program outcomes that had been established during the previous workshops, removal of unnecessary repetition of learning activities, formulation of courses combining related learning outcomes, and assigning credit values considering time requirements for learning activities. The final workshop on Course sequencing was held at the faculty under the guidance of the OC, with the participation of all the SSs and departmental members. This is a first kind innovative exercise for CD. The task would not have been succesfuls without the support of many academics and administrators of the UOK. I wish to express my gratitude to the Present Vice Chancellor and former Vice Chancellor, Director of the HETC project, Dean of the FSS, Dean of the FH, all the Heads of the i Departments and senior staff of the FSS and other parties who helped in various ways to the success of the CD process. I wish to extend my gratitude to the OC for conducting main workshops and mini workshops to guide the CD process and formulation of the Graduate Profile and Program Outcomes, guiding course formulation and sequencing, compiling all inputs and preparing this document. I am grateful to all the SSs for providing valuable service to the CD of the FSS. Finally, I wish to express my sincere thanks to the Activity Coordinators and Management Assistant of Project and other nonacademic members and the FSS. After a long exercise, the FSS has been able to prepare the CD of the GDSP. We The QIG, Window 1 & 2 of the FSS under the HETC project of the World Bank have spent nearly 4 million SLR for achieving the objectives. We are extending our gratitude to the funding agency. Prof. Lal Mervin Dharmasiri Coordinator QIG, Windows 1 & 2 under the HETC project Faculty of Social Sciences University of Kelaniya. ii MESSAGE FROM THE DEAN Curriculum Development (CD) is a vital requirement for updating available or newly designed curricular to match with national and global requirement. The Faculty of Social Sciences (FSS) has identified the requirement and taken necessary steps to revise its curricular to produce skillful, competent and scholastic graduates. I have appointed a committee headed by Prof. Lal Mervin Dharmasiri and other four members Prof. U. A. Chandrasena, Prof. W.A. Weerasooriya, Dr. W.A. Semasinghe and Dr. Sarath Witharana to prepare a development proposal to the FSS. The proposal has been submitted to the HETC project of the World Bank in 2012. After consideration of the proposal, the HETC project has granted a 20 million SLR for carry out the project activities. The CD is the major activity of the project and the FSS was able to finalize the B.A. (General), General Degree Program of the FSS within about one year time period. The CD process has been completed with the help of an Overall Consultant in Outcomes based Curriculum Development and 17 other Subject Specialists who were selected from outside the University of Kelaniya, and appointed to achieve the objectives of the project. At the initial stage of the proposal preparation period, I have provided necessary support by allocating 25 temporary assistant lectures for collecting data and information for preparation of the project proposal. In addition, all the facilities including a project office has been provided for project activities. Furthermore, every necessary support was provided for smooth functioning the project activities. I am happy that the CD of the B.A. (General) program of the FSS has been successfully completed by the project within the given framework. I am extending my sincere thanks to the present Vice Chancellor, Prof. Sunanda Madduma Bandara, former Vice Chancellor, Prof. Sarath Amunugama, former Director of the HETC project, Prof. L.L. Rathnayake, present Director of the HETC project Prof. K.A. Nandasena, Dean of the FH, Prof. Luxman Senevirathne, all the Heads of the Departments and staff of the FSS and other parties who helped in various ways to the success of the CD process. I wish to extend my gratitude to the Overall Consultant, Prof. (Mrs.) Kalyani Perera and other Subject Specialists for providing their service to successful achievement of the project objectives. I am specially thankful to the project Coordinator and Activity Coordinators who have voluntary contributed their support to the development of the FSS. In addition, I am extending my thanks to all the non-academic staff of the faculty who have provided their service towards success of the event. Finally, I am extending my gratitude to the QIG, Window 1 & 2 of the HETC project of the World Bank for funding the development program of the FSS. Prof. Chandana Abhyarathne Dean/ FSS University of Kelaniya. iii MESSAGE FROM THE OVERALL CONSULTANT The Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya has become the pioneer in the Arts and Humanities stream of the Sri Lankan University Education System to adopt Outcomes based approach for reformulating the curriculum of the BA (General) degree programme. This task was accomplished under the guidance of an Overall Consultant and the leadership of 17 Subject Specialists selected for the purpose, through a consultative process involving the Heads and members of respective departments. A summarized account of the steps involved in curriculum reformulation process which extended over 14 months period, is given below: Considering the aspirations of the stakeholders and the current trends in Higher Education arena, Outcomes based approach was selected for curriculum reformulation. Desired Profile of the BA (General) graduates produced by the Faculty of Social Sciences was identified at a Curriculum Planning workshop, considering the expectations of the Faculty, views of the stakeholders, vision and mission of the University and qualification descriptors specified in Sri Lanka Qualification Framework. A series of mini workshops were conducted at departmental level to refine the Desired Graduate profile and to identify the Desired Module Outcomes. The desired outcomes were separated into Generic Outcomes and Subject Specific Outcomes, and further sub divided into Knowledge (K), Skills (S) and Attitude (A) domains. For identification purposes, each outcome was given a code number that included the abbreviated Module /Generic name, domain, and its numerical order.
Recommended publications
  • Spatial Dimensions of Conflict-Induced Internally Displaced Population in the Puttalam District of Sri Lanka from 1980 to 2012 Deepthi Lekani Waidyasekera
    University of North Dakota UND Scholarly Commons Theses and Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, and Senior Projects 12-1-2012 Spatial Dimensions of Conflict-Induced Internally Displaced Population in the Puttalam District of Sri Lanka from 1980 to 2012 Deepthi Lekani Waidyasekera Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.und.edu/theses Recommended Citation Waidyasekera, Deepthi Lekani, "Spatial Dimensions of Conflict-Induced Internally Displaced Population in the Puttalam District of Sri Lanka from 1980 to 2012" (2012). Theses and Dissertations. 668. https://commons.und.edu/theses/668 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, and Senior Projects at UND Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UND Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SPATIAL DIMENSIONS OF CONFLICT-INDUCED INTERNALLY DISPLACED POPULATION IN THE PUTTALAM DISTRICT OF SRI LANKA FROM 1980 TO 2012 by Deepthi Lekani Waidyasekera Bachelor of Arts, University of Sri Jayawardanapura,, Sri Lanka, 1986 Master of Science, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2001 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the University of North Dakota In partial fulfilment of the requirements For the degree of Master of Arts Grand Forks, North Dakota December 2012 Copyright 2012 Deepthi Lekani Waidyasekera ii PERMISSION Title Spatial Dimensions of Conflict-Induced Internally Displaced Population in the Puttalam District of Sri Lanka from 1980 to 2012 Department Geography Degree Master of Arts In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a graduate degree from the University of North Dakota, I agree that the library of the University shall make it freely available for inspection.
    [Show full text]
  • Remittance Economy Migration-Underdevelopment in Sri Lanka
    REMITTANCE ECONOMY MIGRATION-UNDERDEVELOPMENT IN SRI LANKA Matt Withers A thesis submitted in fulfilment of requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences Department of Political Economy The University of Sydney 2017 “Ceylon ate the fruit before growing the tree” - Joan Robinson (Wilson 1977) (Parren as 2005) (Eelens and Speckmann 1992) (Aneez 2016b) (International Monetary Fund (IMF) 1993; International Monetary Fund (IMF) 2009) (Central Bank of Sri Lanka (CBSL) 2004) (United Nations Population Division 2009) Acknowledgements Thanks are due to a great number of people who have offered support and lent guidance throughout the course of my research. I would like to extend my appreciation foremost to my wonderful supervisors, Elizabeth Hill and Stuart Rosewarne, whose encouragement and criticism have been (in equal measure) invaluable in shaping this thesis. I must similarly offer heartfelt thanks to my academic mentors, Nicola Piper and Janaka Biyanwila, both of whom have unfailingly offered their time, interest and wisdom as my work has progressed. Gratitude is also reserved for my colleagues Magdalena Cubas and Rosie Hancock, who have readily guided me through the more challenging stages of thesis writing with insights and lessons from their own research. A special mention must be made for the Centre for Poverty Analysis in Colombo, without whose assistance my research would simply not have been possible. I would like to thank Priyanthi Fernando for her willingness to accommodate me, Mohamed Munas for helping to make fieldwork arrangements, and to Vagisha Gunasekara for her friendship and willingness to answer my incessant questions about Sri Lanka.
    [Show full text]
  • PDCAU589.Pdf
    ljr) dliduntry / , 51" fBC 1, 0 0,*0 ~* S S 4,. 6 st1' . ., ,.. ...........,. ... i T.:-,-.=C...AE A p *,*.2, le SRI LANKA AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT PROJECT Final Report 1979-1986 Margarita F.B. Driscoll Consorldum Coordinator Stephen F. Moseley Officer-in-Charge September 1986 This report was prepared under Contract No. AID/ASIA-C-1397 for Technical Services to Project 383-0049 tar Agricultural Education Development, Sri Lanka between the Academy for Educational Development, Inc. and The U. S. Agency for International Development CONSORTIUM FOR INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT The Academy for Educational Development. Inc. The Pennsylvania State University Texas A&M University Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Field Office: Agricultural Education Development Project. Postgraduate Institute oi Agriculture, The University of Peradenya. Sri Lanka Telephone (08)88203 Home Office: 1255 Twenty.third Street. N.W., Washington. D.C. 20037 Telephone: (202) 8Q2.1900 Telex ACADED WSH 89660 Cable: ACADED WASHINGTON. D.C. FOREWORD This report represents the culmiuation of more than 10 years ofplanning and action to enhance Sri Lanka's meet its needs for agricultural ability to personnel trained to the baccalaureate and postgraduate levels. Soon after its founding, the Postgraduate Institute of Agriculture (PGIA) recognized that outside assistance would be required to enable it to achieve its goal-to provide high quality postgraduate education in agriculture to satisfy most of Sri Lanka's agricultural manpower needs. Under the leadership of Dr. R.R. Appadural, then PGIA Director and Dean of the Faculty of Agriculture, the PGIA had prepared a development plan by early 1977 which was presented to USAID/Sri Lanka (and other potential donor agencies) with a request for assistance.
    [Show full text]
  • MFF-Green Power Development and Energy Efficiency Improvement
    Initial Environmental Examination Report Tranche 1 Power Transmission Development Component February 2014 Sri Lanka: Green Power Development and Energy Efficiency Improvement Investment Program Prepared by Ceylon Electricity Board, Ministry of Power and Energy, Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka for the Asian Development Bank. This Initial Environmental Examination Report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION 3 1.1 Background 3 1.2 Scope of Work and Methodology Adopted 4 1.3 Applicable Environmental and other Legislations 5 2.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 6 2.1 The Project 6 2.2 Type of Project 7 2.3 Justification of the Project 7 2.4 Location 9 2.5 Size and Magnitude of the Operation 19 2.6 Implementation Plan 21 3.0 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT 23 3.1 Anuradhapura District 23 3.2 Gampaha District 25 3.3 Trincomalee District 29 3.4 Puttlam District 34 3.5 Colombo District 37 3.6 Kalutara District 40 4.0 SCREENING OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND MITIGATION MEASURES 44
    [Show full text]
  • Natnet Jan June 2018
    9RO1R -DQXDU\-XQH 1$7,21$//,%5$5<2)65,/$1.$ 7+$11,9(56$5< 1HZVOHWWHURQ/LEUDU\DQG,QIRUPDWLRQDFWLYLWLHVLQ6UL/DQND he inauguration ceremony of the and Mahagama Sekara. These portraits 28th anniversary of the National were unveiled by Prof. Oliver Abeynayake, Library of Sri Lanka was held on Dr. Praneeth Abeysundara, Mr. Sunil T04th of April 2018 at the NLDSB premises. Hettiarachchi and Prof. Sunil Ariyarathna Chief guest on the occasion was Mr. Sunil respectively. In addition, cheques were presented Hettiarachchi, Secretary, Ministry of Education. to authors under the Publication Assistance In conjunction with the anniversary, a book Project of the NLDSB. Donation of books exhibition was held from 4th to 8th April also took place at the ceremony. A series of 2018 with the participation of leading book seminars were also organized for school children publishers in Sri Lanka. In addition, portraits and librarians from 4th to 8th April 2018. The of four distinguished scholars of Sri Lanka were National Library and Documentation Services unveiled in the National Library. These four Board organized a religious programme on 27th scholars are Prof. Valpola Ruhula Thera, Prof. April 2018 to mark the 28th anniversary of the Gunapala Malalasekara, Sir D. B. Jayathilake National Library. New Chairman of the National Library and Documentation Services Board Mr. P. M. Deepal Chandraratne, assumed duties on 01st of June 2018 as the new Chairman of the National Library and Documentation Services Board. He has obtained LLB (Sri Lanka) and BA (Special) degree from University of Colombo. He has also held several leading positions in the government service.
    [Show full text]
  • Srilanka (Tea Sector)
    A GLOBAL/COUNTRY STUDY AND REPORT ON SRILANKA (TEA SECTOR) Submitted to: GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT OF THE AWARD FOR THE DEGREE OF Masters of Business Administration UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF Ms. Shyma Gokul Assistant Professor Submitted by: Shri H.D. Gardi MBA College, Nyara, Rajkot. College Code: 780 Affiliated to Gujarat Technological University Ahmedabad May, 2012 [1] Chapter-I Introduction [2] Country Selection Sri Lanka is a neighbor country of India. Sri Lankan culture is match with Indian culture. Because of major population of Sri Lanka are Indian people. The environment of Sri Lanka is match with Indian environment. The official name of Sri Lanka is a Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka. GEOGRAPHY OF SRI LANKA [3] Area 65,610 sq. km. (25,332 sq. me.). Population 21.30 million of the Sri Lanka. Annual population growth rate 0.9% of the Sri Lanka. Cities: Capital- Colombo population 1.30 million, Sri Jaywardenepur Kotte is the officially designed capital and is the site of the parliament. Other major cities are Kandy with 1,50,000 population, Galle with 1,10,000, and Jaffna with 1,00,000. Terrain is a coastal plains in the northern side of the Sri Lanka. Hills and Mountains in southern & central Sri Lanka. It is high at 2,133 meters (7,000 ft.) Climate of Sri Lanka: Tropical, Rainy seasons light in northeast, fall and winter, with average rain fall of 50 inch. Heavy rains fall in south-west Sri Lanka i.e. average 200 inch. Religion wise division of people in Sri Lanka: Sinhalese 74% of the total population.
    [Show full text]
  • The Wild Silk Moths (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) of Khasi Hills of Meghalaya, North East India
    Volume-5, Issue-2, April-June-2015 Coden: IJPAJX-USA, Copyrights@2015 ISSN-2231-4490 Received: 8th Feb-2015 Revised: 5th Mar -2015 Accepted: 7th Mar-2015 Research article THE WILD SILK MOTHS (LEPIDOPTERA: SATURNIIDAE) OF KHASI HILLS OF MEGHALAYA, NORTH EAST INDIA Jane Wanry Shangpliang and S.R. Hajong Department of Zoology, North Eastern Hill University, Umshing, Shillong-22 Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Seri biodiversity refers to the variability in silk producing insects and their host plants. The study deals with the diversity of wild silk moths from Khasi Hills of Meghalaya, North East India. A survey was conducted for a period of three years (2011-2013) to study wild silk moths, their distribution and host plants of the moths. During the study period, a total of fifteen species belonging to nine genera were recorded. Maximum number of individuals was recorded during the monsoon period and lesser in the pre and post monsoon period. Key words: Seri biodiversity, host palnts, Khasi Hills, Meghalaya. INTRODUCTION The wild silk moths belong to the family Saturniidae and Super Family Bombycoidea. The family Saturniidae is the largest family of the Super family Bombycoidea containing about 1861 species in 162 genera and 9 sub families [9] there are 1100 species of non-mulberry silk moths known in the world [11]. The family Saturniidae comprises of about 1200-1500 species all over the world of which the Indian sub-continent, extending from Himalayas to Sri Lanka may possess over 50 species [10].Jolly et al (1975) reported about 80 species of wild silk moths occurring in Asia and Africa.[8]Singh and Chakravorty (2006) enlisted 24 species of the family Saturniidae from North East India.[12]Arora and Gupta (1979) reported as many as 40 species of wild silk moths in India alone.[1] Kakati (2009), during his study on wild silk moths recorded 14 species of wild silk moths belonging to eight genera from the state of Nagaland, North East India.
    [Show full text]
  • Department of Geography Faculty of Social Sciences University of Kelaniya Sri Lanka
    Bachelor of Arts Honours in Geography Revised Curriculum EFFECTIVE FROM ACADEMIC YEAR 2019/2020 (2021/22 ONWARDS) DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF KELANIYA SRI LANKA 2021 BACHELOR OF ARTS HONOURS IN GEOGRAPHY “Geography is the study of places and the relationships between people and their environments. Geographers explore both the physical properties of Earth’s surface and the human societies spread across it. They also examine how human culture interacts with the natural environment, and the way in which the locations and places can have an impact on people. Geography seeks to understand where things are found, why they are there, and how they develop and change over time” CONTENTS TOPIC PAGE NUMBER 01 Department of Geography 02 02 Vision of the Department 02 03 Mission of the Department 02 04 Needs Assessment 02 05 Purpose and Scope 03 06 Methodology 03 07 Desired Graduate Profile 03 08 Program Learning Outcomes (PLOs) 04 09 Medium of Instruction 05 1011 10 Credit Distribution 05 11 Course Outline 06 12 Course Contents 07 13 Appendixes 51 14 References 53 1 01. DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY The Department of Geography is one of the leading Departments in the Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya. Initially it was established in 1959 as the Vidyalankara University, and subsequently it was renamed as University of Kelaniya in 1978. The Department of Geography has also being a pioneering department of the University of Kelaniya. At present, the Department offers Diploma programs, Degree programs and Postgraduate Degree programs. Diploma in Disaster Management and Diploma in Geographical Information System are popular among the students who have passed GCE Advanced Level examination.
    [Show full text]
  • NSFAR 2000 E.Pdf
    National Science Foundation 4715, Maitlane P!ace Colomb~07. Hon. Minister of Economic Reform, Science and Technology Ministry for Economic Reform, Science and Technolcgy Alvitigala Mawatha Colombo 05. Dear Sir, Annual Report of the National Science Foundation for the period 1 January to 31'' December, 2000 In terms of Section 40(3) of Science and Technology Development Act No. 11 of 1994, 1 have the honour to submit the Annual Report of the National Science Foundation fcr the period 1'' January to 31'' December, 2000 together with a) A copy of the Audited Income and ExpentJiture Accounts (b) A copy of the Audited Balance Sheet (c) Auditor Generals Report Yours sincerely, &? -- I M Watson Director National Science Foundation Table sf Contents Introduction Sponsorship of Sclrntific Research Seminars and Workshops Significant Research F~nclings Publications International Scicrlt ~ficA,ctivities Other Actl~lties Sri Lanka Scinntific aqd Technical Information Centre Seminars, Conferences, Ideetings, Ll'nrkshops ~ttendedby Staff Staff Development and Training Board of Management Principal. Staff WSF Working Committees Annexes Final Accounts Auditor General's Xeport Comments on the Auditor General's Report Introduction Historiwl Background The National Science Foundation (NSF) is a state funded institution established by the Science and Technology Development Act, No. 11 of 1994 on 01/04/1998 under the Ministry of Science and Technology. It is the successor to the Natural Resources, Energy and Science Authority of Sri Lanka (NARESA) which was set up in 1982 by Parliament Act No. 78 of 1981. NARESA itself succeeded the National Science Council (NSC) which was established by Act No.
    [Show full text]
  • Bryogeographical Relationships of the Mosses of Sri Lanka Brian 1. O'sheai
    J Hattori Bot. Lab. No. 93: 293-304 (Jan. 2003) BRYOGEOGRAPHICAL RELATIONSHIPS OF THE MOSSES OF SRI LANKA BRIAN 1. O'SHEAI ABSTRACT. The moss flora of Sri Lanka is comparatively rich (561 taxa) with a high level (11%) of endemism. This paper looks at the origin of the flora and relationships with neighbouring areas. De­ spite its Gondwanan origin, and proximity to India, there is a very strong link with Indochina and Malesia as well as with the Indian sub-continent. INTRODUCTION The objective of this paper and an associated checklist (O'Shea 2002) is to act as an introduction to the moss flora of the island of Sri Lanka, and to quantify the relationship of the moss flora with neighbouring areas: India, Indochina, Malesia and sub-Saharan Africa. Sri Lanka is a beautiful country with a diverse landscape and climate and a remark­ ably rich bryoflora, but is only 430 km from north to south and 224 km wide. The island is of Gondwanan origin, having started migration in the Cretaceous period about 135 million years ago with peninsular India (as part of the Deccan Plate) from an origin next to Mada­ gascar (Frahm 1994; Davis, Heywood & Hamilton 1995). The plate reached Asia about 40 million years ago, during the early Tertiary. It is likely that the climatic conditions at this time were warm temperate to sub-tropical, and climate similar to that of the present also might have prevailed during the drift of the Deccan plate (Ashton & Gunatilleke 1987). Sri Lanka only became an island in the post-Pleistocene period, as the glaciers melted, in about 5900 BP, although it had also been an island in earlier times, e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Tests of Distribution Patterns in South Asia: Towards an Integrative Approach
    Phylogenetic tests of distribution patterns in South Asia: towards an integrative approach SAYANTAN BISWAS1,* and SAMRAAT S PAWAR2 1Deptartment of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, 2023 G St. NW., Washington DC 20052, USA 2Section of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA *Corresponding author (Fax, 1-202-994-6100 Email, [email protected]) The last four decades have seen an increasing integration of phylogenetics and biogeography. However, a dearth of phylogenetic studies has precluded such biogeographic analyses in South Asia until recently. Noting the increase in phylogenetic research and interest in phylogenetic biogeography in the region, we outline an integrative framework for studying taxon distribution patterns. While doing so, we pay particular attention to challenges posed by the com- plex geological and ecological history of the region, and the differences in distribution across taxonomic groups. We outline and compare three widely used phylogenetic biogeographic approaches: topology-based methods (TBMs), pattern-based methods (PBMs) and event-based methods (EBMs). TBMs lack a quantitative framework and utilize only part of the available phylogenetic information. Hence, they are mainly suited for preliminary enquiries. Both PBMs and EBMs have a quantitative framework, but we consider the latter to be particularly suited to the South Asian context since they consider multiple biogeographic processes explicitly, and can accommodate a reticulated history of areas. As an illustration, we present a biogeographic analysis of endemic Sri Lankan agamid lizards. The results provide insights into the relative importance of multiple processes and specific zones in the radiation of two speciose lizard clades. [Biswas S and Pawar S S 2006 Phylogenetic tests of distribution patterns in South Asia: towards an integrative approach; J.
    [Show full text]
  • Experiencing Sri Lanka's World Heritage Sites, Wildlife Regions and Historic Galle
    Our group enjoyed a glamorous dinner on the beach at Wild Coast Tented Lodge on Sri Lanka's southeastern tip, where Yala National Park is known for its leopards, elephants, birds and other wildlife. Experiencing Sri Lanka's World Heritage Sites, Wildlife Regions and Historic Galle True to its Arab name – Serendib – Sri Lanka is undoubtedly a land of serendipity. On a recent trip, not a day went by that we weren’t pleasantly surprised by a new cultural discovery, a welcoming local resident, a fabulous new hotel or another jaw-dropping vista. Each delightful day on this teardrop-shaped atoll – the southernmost point of mainland Asia – outdid the previous day. Carol Kennedy and I were fortunate enough to travel with a fine group of luxury travel advisors in the capable hands of luxury DMC Ventours and Resplendent Ceylon, which has created a trail of luxury resorts across Sri Lanka. Travel advisors gave these glowing responses when asked to share lessons learned and highlights of the trip: “The diversity of activities, the diversity of accommodations, the geography of Sri Lanka and the amazing food!” “Sri Lanka is a land like no other and a country of happy people! The people we met during our travel were so wonderful, and eager to share their small but beautiful country with us. This journey had a very personal effect on me, and after visiting Sri Lanka, my new motto in life is: 'If you want to be happy - be!'” “Sri Lanka is not third world. Low income is not relative to pride. The people of Sri Lanka are truly interested and sincere in being helpful.
    [Show full text]