East Midlands Regional Waste Strategy
January 2006 Contents
Foreword 3 Priority Issue 4: 55 Executive Summary 5 Prevention and improved management of hazardous wastes Introduction: Why do we need a Regional Waste Strategy? 8 Priority Issue 5: 58 Development of the Regional Waste Strategy 8 Prevention and improved management of Policies – Where does the Regional Waste Municipal Solid Wastes Strategy Fit in? 9 European and UK Waste legislation, policy and targets 11 Priority Issue 6: 62 Procurement and Market Development An Overview of current waste management in the East Midlands 17 Priority Issue 7: 65 Reduction and Management of Construction Summary - Key issues for waste management in the and Demolition Waste East Midlands 38 Priority Issue 8: 69 The Principles and Priorities of the Regional Managing the waste impacts of Regional and Waste Strategy - Delivering the change required 39 Sub-Regional growth
Priority Issue 1: 40 Priority Issue 9: 72 Planning our future waste management infrastructure Addressing agricultural and rural waste management
Priority Issue 2: 45 Priority Issue 10: 76 Awareness raising, education and promotion of best Reducing Fly-Tipping practice to achieve behavioural change Implementation, Monitoring and Review 78 Priority Issue 3: 49 Improving the efficiency of our resource, the reduction Glossary 81 and sustainable management of commercial and industrial waste Appendices 84
2 Foreword
The East Midlands Regional Assembly Arguably one of the biggest challenges An important aspect in delivering this has a pivotal role in bring together now facing the UK is the need to change agenda is the need to provide a robust the partners within our Region to the way we produce, consume and framework for the rapid development of deliver sustainable development.The dispose of everyday goods - not only to the new waste management facilities production and management of waste meet increasingly stringent legislation, that will be required to recover recycle or will be an increasingly important issue but also because more efficient otherwise treat wastes that do arise in for this Region in the future – in both the production will strengthen our economy the future – as required by the home and the workplace.This strategy whilst reducing the impact that we have Government’s Planning Policy Statement has been developed by a partnership of on our environment. 10. In this respect, the strategy therefore key stakeholders within our Region and builds on the land-use planning the Regional Assembly looks forward to Achieving the step change required is not principles and priorities as set out in the continuing to develop the partnerships just about waste management. It Regional Spatial Strategy for the East required to ensure we prevent the depends upon society as a whole Midlands (RSS8). production of wastes and manage the embracing a different approach – not a residues as sustainably as possible. straightforward task.
This strategy provides the basis for the This is the first Regional Waste Strategy partnerships required.We hope you will to be produced for the East Midlands. It embrace the opportunity this strategy sets out to identify the key issues we must presents for us to become a leader address and seeks to provide a robust amongst the English Regions on this framework to allow the Region to move most important of issues. towards the sustainable production and Councillor Jim Harker consumption of goods and the recovery CHAIR OF THE REGIONAL HOUSING, PLANNING AND of as much value as possible from the TRANSPORT JOINT BOARD remaining waste that does arise.
Councillor David Parsons CHAIR OF THE EAST MIDLANDS REGIONAL ASSEMBLY
3 4 Executive Summary Why do we need a Regional Waste Strategy?
The East Midlands Region produces Meanwhile, the costs not only of The Regional Spatial Strategy sets out over 25 million tonnes of waste per managing waste, but of squandering the principles and priorities for waste year. If we continue to allow the valuable raw materials in the first place management: amount of waste we produce to continue to rise. A conservative increase, we may need to manage up estimate suggests that the costs of • To work towards zero growth in waste to 39 million tonnes of waste every collecting, transporting and managing at the Regional level by 2016 year by 2021. Even if the Region our waste alone are over £400 million achieves all the targets which have per year. In the East Midlands we are • To reduce the amount of waste been set for the reduction, recycling also relatively inefficient in our landfilled in accordance with the EU and recovery of wastes, the total production of goods – ranking only Landfill Directive arisings are predicted to increase to a 49th of the 77 EU Regions in terms of minimum of 27 million tonnes per the waste generated and energy used • To exceed Government targets for annum in 2021. per unit of value added to the recycling and composting economy. Of the controlled waste produced in • To take a flexible approach to other the Region in 2003, 39% came from What are the aims of the forms of waste recovery commercial and industrial premises, Strategy? 48% was construction and demolition The role of the Regional Waste Strategy waste and only 12% was household or The East Midlands Regional Waste is therefore to provide the framework municipal waste. Strategy is a key element of Regional for the delivery of these principles. Policy, providing a strategic framework As the amount of waste we produce which will allow the Region as a whole How will this be achieved? increases, the available options for to rapidly progress to more sustainable disposing of our waste are reducing. ways to produce and consume goods, The Strategy focuses on 10 issues At present the vast majority of our and then recycle or recover as much which are considered to be the highest waste is buried in landfills, but new value as possible from that waste priorities that must be addressed if we controls on landfilling together with a which is produced. It also has an are to make the step change from shortage of available space in existing important role to identify the current today’s “throw-away society” - relying or planned landfill sites, means that the capacity of the Region to manage our on landfill, to a more sustainable region has around 10 years of landfill waste and to set out the waste future.The priority issues are not capacity remaining. management infrastructure which will presented in order of importance, but need to be developed to meet our need to be addressed as a cohesive future needs. whole.They are summarised as follows:
5 PRIORITY ISSUE 1: PRIORITY ISSUE 3: PRIORITY ISSUE 5: Planning our future waste Improving the efficiency of Prevention and improved management infrastructure our resource use and reducing management of Municipal Solid commercial and industrial wastes Wastes The Strategy sets out the pressing need to develop waste treatment Commerce and industry produce the Although Local Authorities in the and disposal capacity – to provide majority of the Region’s wastes, and are Region are making steady progress to alternatives to burying waste in landfill also relatively inefficient in the amount recycle and recover municipal wastes, sites, to meet legislative requirements of waste generated and energy used in significant work will be required in the and to ensure that the Region has the production of goods and services. future to ensure that EU and UK sufficient infrastructure in place to A suite of actions are therefore Government targets for recycling and cope with future growth in the amount proposed ensuring that businesses recovery are exceeded.The strategy of waste arising. Guidance is therefore understand and therefore seek to therefore proposes a suite of Regional provided to Local Authorities to improve their efficiency and are aided actions to support and aid municipal support delivery of the strategy in doing so through Regionally co- waste minimisation, recycling and through their Waste Development ordinated business support recovery. . Frameworks and Local Development infrastructure. Frameworks. PRIORITY ISSUE 6: PRIORITY ISSUE 4: Procurement and market PRIORITY ISSUE 2: Prevention and improving development Education, behavioural change and management of hazardous wastes promotion of best practice Increasing the amount of waste that is Recent legislative changes mean that recycled depends on demand for Reducing the amount of waste the availability of facilities in the recycled products.This will be generated, both by householders or Region to manage hazardous wastes addressed through a Regional market businesses, is the highest priority for are now severely restricted.The development plan for recycled the Strategy.This will require that the Strategy therefore sets out to facilitate materials, supported by requirements people of the East Midlands change the minimisation of hazardous wastes that both public and private sectors in the way they behave in relation to the and ensure that the Region works the Region procure a proportion of waste materials that they produce.This towards appropriate management of recycled goods.This section also looks will be achieved through the those hazardous wastes that do arise. at the need to develop new waste development and delivery of a treatment facilities within the Region Regional behavioural change plan. that provide alternatives to traditional waste management methods as well as innovation within the waste industry.
6 PRIORITY ISSUE 7: and Lincolnshire fenlands present Implementation Reduction and management diverse needs in terms of waste of construction and demolition management services and Delivery of the action plan for each waste infrastructure.The Strategy seeks to priority issue will require the address these issues through the commitment of considerable The construction and demolition formation of a Regional Rural Waste time and resources, both by industry produce over 38% of the Management Stakeholders Forum to the Region’s waste management Region’s wastes and use large champion best practice in rural waste profession, commerce and industry, quantities of virgin building materials. management and to support and political decision-makers and the The Strategy therefore proposes advise the agricultural industry as general public. The annual spend per development of a programme to legislative changes are introduced. capita head in countries achieving the promote best practice in construction highest levels of recycling and recovery waste management and to maximise PRIORITY ISSUE 10: is double that spent in the UK. the use of recycled building materials. Reducing Fly-Tipping At present the resources required to PRIORITY ISSUE 8: In the 2003, there were over 41,000 deliver this challenging agenda have Managing the impacts of Regional reported incidents of fly-tipping in the yet to be secured. However it is and sub-Regional growth East Midlands, costing over £1.1 million imperative that both private and public to clear and dispose of. As controls sector bodies secure and effectively Proposed housing developments – on waste management become allocate sufficient resources to ensure particularly in Northamptonshire – will increasingly stringent and therefore that the strategy is delivered, or the have significant impact on the Region’s waste management more expensive, financial and environmental costs are waste arisings. Measures are therefore there is a defined need to coordinate liable to escalate beyond critical levels proposed that ensure the highest and address fly-tipping through within the next 10-15 years. standards are achieved in the targeted campaigns and enforcement development of new housing in terms action. To effect the behavioural change and of minimal waste generation during develop the new infrastructure construction, but also improved Each priority issue sets out the nature required, it will therefore be essential planning and design to facilitate of the problem, and presents a that all those partners identified ongoing sustainable waste proposed policy, action plan, target participate to the full, and that management in these growth areas in and indicator which Regional and local additional funding and resources are the future. bodies are encouraged to endorse and secured wherever necessary. take forward in their respective roles. PRIORITY ISSUE 9: Regional Case Studies and examples of Addressing agricultural and rural best practice are provided wherever waste management possible.
The management of agricultural wastes faces more stringent controls, and the diverse geographic nature of the East Midlands Region means that rural areas such as the Peak District
7 Introduction Why do we need a Regional Waste Strategy?
The population of the East Midlands In seeking to address these issues, it is The document also sets out to meet currently generates over 25 million vital that we consider the implications the requirement as set out in the tonnes of waste per year. Some waste of the changes in our society and Government’s Planning Policy streams have grown by as much as 3% economy which are resulting in Statement 10 (published by the Office or more every year, and all this waste increased waste generation – for of the Deputy Prime Minister) that the must be managed in some way - example through poor efficiency in the Regional Waste Strategy provides a whether that is within our region or production of goods, higher levels of robust spatial planning framework to elsewhere. disposable income and increasing guide the development of the waste consumer demand for short-lived, infrastructure that will be needed to Driven by UK and European legislation, heavily-packaged disposable products. meet the Region’s future requirements. Government targets and the increasing Actively addressing the negative need to protect our environment, not impacts of these changes will help to The East Midlands Regional Waste to mention the requirements and maintain the quality of the Strategy is not designed to be a expectations of the public, waste environment and will make the Region technical document, but aims to management in the UK is facing a stronger economically – it is thought provide a strategic framework for period of rapid and radical change. that adopting more resource efficient change. However, the strategy practices could save the region’s document is supported by detailed It is no longer possible, practical or manufacturing sector alone around data and technical reports which are appropriate for us to continue to £200 million per year. available on the Regional Assembly dispose of the majority of the East waste website www.emra.gov.uk/waste Midland’s waste by burying it in landfill Many of the required changes will be - for reference. sites.We must now seek to reduce the delivered through national measures. amount of waste we produce and to Many will be increasingly visible at the Development of the Regional deal with what remains in a sustainable local level – for example through Waste Strategy way. If we fail to change the way we changes to the way we put out our produce and manage waste, the household rubbish each week. The Regional Waste Strategy (RWS) has quantity of waste we produce will However some aspects of the new been developed by the East Midlands continue to increase, and the costs and waste management practices that we Regional Technical Advisory Body on impacts – both economic and will need to employ can best be Waste (known as the RTAB) working environmental, will also continue to achieved through co-ordination at a through a sub-group called the rise. It is now widely accepted that the regional level. Regional Waste Strategy Development costs of doing nothing will far exceed Group (RWSDG).The RWSDG the costs of achieving the changes For this reason, the East Midlands constitutes a small, but focussed, cross- required. It is estimated that the Regional Assembly are required section of stakeholders from across the management of municipal wastes to coordinate the production of a region - all of whom are key to the already cost the Region in excess of Regional Waste Strategy to provide future management of our waste. (The £100 million per year.The local authorities, businesses, the membership of this group is listed in management of all wastes are waste management industry and Appendix 1). In the development of the estimated to cost the region several householders with a framework to RWS, events have also been held to hundred million pounds more. enable us all to change the way we gain the input of a wide range of produce and consume goods and stakeholders from across the East manage the resulting waste in the Midlands Region. future.
8 The key principles and priorities for this The draft Regional Waste Strategy was This will be achieved for the benefit of strategy were established in the launched for consultation from 25th present and future generation through Regional Spatial Strategy for the East January to 14th April 2005.This final the integration of: Midlands (the RSS) which was subject strategy document incorporates to a public examination in December changes based on comments received • A vibrant and competitive economy 2003. In order to develop and agree on on the consultation draft together with with increased productivity the waste management contents of updated information on waste characterised by high quality the Regional Spatial Strategy, managed within the Region. employment learning and skills, consultants were employed to produce enterprising individuals, innovative a technical report:“Development of a The aim of the Regional Waste Strategy businesses and improvements in the Regional Waste Strategy for the East is to take the principles and priorities physical infrastructure. Midlands” which was published in set out in the Regional Spatial Strategy January 2003. (This document is and develop them into a concise, • Cohesive and diverse communities that available on the website).The technical deliverable framework which ensures empower and engage people, are safe report provides an assessment of the that the Region moves to sustainable and healthy, combat discrimination various options available to ensure that practices in the future. and disadvantage and provide hope the Best Practicable Environmental and opportunities for all. Option (BPEO) for strategic waste Policies – Where does the management across the region is Regional Waste Strategy Fit • A rich, diverse and attractive natural adopted.The technical report is widely in? and built environment and cultural referenced in this strategy and from heritage. herein is referred to as “the technical The East Midlands Regional Assembly report”. is committed to improving the quality • Sustainable patterns of development of life for people living and working in that make efficient use of land, In 2004, consultants were also the East Midlands now and for resources and infrastructure, reduce the appointed to conduct a study on “the generations to come. It has a bold need to travel, incorporate sustainable current and future waste treatment vision, as set out in an Integrated design and construction, and enhance capacity of the East Midlands Region” Regional Strategy, that the East local distinctiveness. (see the website for further details).The Midlands will be: predictions of future waste arisings set out in this report are less optimistic “recognised as a region with a high than those used for the technical quality of life and sustainable report. Although the assessment of communities that thrives because of its future waste management options vibrant economy, rich cultural and used in the strategy is based on the environmental diversity and the way it technical report data, the strategy also creatively addresses social inequalities, incorporates data from this study manages its resources and contributes to where appropriate. a safer, more inclusive society”
9 Integrated Regional Strategy
Regional Regional Regional Regional Environment Spatial Economic Social Strategy Strategy Strategy Strategies
Regional Energy Strategy Regional Waste Strategy
The Integrated Regional Strategy In the shorter-term 5 key priority areas Regional Spatial Strategy for the (IRS) for action are identified in the IRS, East Midlands (RSS8) The Regional Waste Strategy has a role including: The RWS is required to provide in taking forward the vision and technical advice for waste planning objectives of the Integrated Regional “To use natural resources more efficiently authorities. It is therefore based on the Strategy (IRS).The IRS is the sustainable and reduce the impacts on climate principles and priorities for waste development framework for the change by: management which are set out in the Region and identifies 17 objectives Regional Spatial Strategy. However, the across four themes: economic, spatial, • Reducing energy consumption, waste strategy goes beyond social and environmental.The including fossil fuel through travel Government requirements in terms of implementation of the regional waste • Increasing the amount of energy land-use planning to establish a strategy will contribute to the generated from renewable sources broader framework to address issues achievement of many of these • Reducing the amount of waste such as waste minimisation, the objectives, including the specific generated” development of markets for recyclates objective “To minimise waste and to and education initiatives.These issues increase the re-use and recycling of Sitting within the framework of the IRS are equally important and occur within waste materials”. are number of other Regional the land-use and planning framework. Strategies.The cross cutting nature of They will demonstrate the tangible waste management requires that these benefits of adopting a regional must be taken into consideration in the integrated approach to waste delivery of the RWS: management.The principles and priorities for waste management are set out on page 39.
10 The Regional Environment Strategy The Regional Economic Strategy • A 15% reduction in commercial waste and Regional Energy Strategy (RES) to landfill by 2005 (compared with These strategies sit alongside the EMDAs Regional Economic Strategy 1998 levels) Regional Waste Strategy in delivery of sets out to make the East Midlands the objectives and priorities of the IRS Region one of the top 20 regions in the • 300 new environmental manage- and RSS. EU. Achieving this will require an ment accreditations (such as BS8555, integrated approach encompassing ISO14001 and EMAS) to be certified • Details of the Energy Strategy economic, social and environmental by 2005, and 1000 by 2010. for the East Midlands can be progress.The need for sustainable found on the internet at: waste management across the region European and UK Waste www.energy4enterprise.org.uk is essential to the successful delivery of legislation, policy and targets the Regional Economic Strategy, not • Details of the Regional only to ensure growth in the The growing national movement Environment Strategy policies can be environmental economy and towards the adoption of sustainable found on the internet at: environmental industries sectors, but waste management systems is www.actions4environment.org.uk to also ensure that business becomes primarily being driven through policy more innovative and competitive, and and legislation at both a European and The Regional Environment Strategy the region can attract investment and National level. It is therefore vital that contains a key policy on waste tourism based on a high quality we understand the implications of management: environment. EMDA commenced a these policies and legislative review of the RES in 2005. However requirements in terms of how we Policy ENV16: there are a number of related actions manage waste in the region. “To promote and support sustainable in the current RES, including: waste management practices and A brief description of the key minimise the impact of waste on the relevant current EU and Domestic environment” policy/legislation is provided in the following section: This is supported by a 5 point action plan which is reflected in the policies and actions in the Regional Waste Strategy.
11 EU Waste Management The Landfill Directive (99/31/EC) Aims to prevent the negative impacts The Waste Framework Directive (75/442/EEC) of landfill through four key measures: The Waste Framework Directive (1975) emphasised the importance of waste minimisation, the protection of the environment and human health as priorities, 1. To reduce the proportion of and advocated the waste hierarchy. All subsequent policy and legislation has biodegradable waste landfilled to: aligned to the principles of the waste hierarchy: reducing, re-using and recycling • 75% of that produced in 1995 by wastes before seeking means to recover energy, then disposal of the residues. 2010 • 50% of that produced in 1995 by 2013 • 35% of that produced in 1995 by The Waste Hierarchy 2020
2. Banning the co-disposal of Waste Minimisation hazardous wastes with non-hazardous material from 2004, and requiring the Re-use Most Sustainable re-classification of all landfills to receive hazardous, non-hazardous or inert Recycle / Compost wastes only
Energy Recovery 3. The banning of whole tyres from 2003 and shredded tyres from 2006 Disposal Least Sustainable
4. Banning the landfilling of liquid wastes and certain hazardous materials Subsequent Directives have focussed on specific issues or waste streams,essentially (such as certain clinical wastes) to deliver the requirements of the framework directive. 5.Requiring the pre-treatment of certain wastes prior to landfilling
This Directive is being implemented in the UK through the Landfill (England and Wales) Regulations 2002.
12 Ozone Depleting Substances The Integrated Pollution Prevention Proposed Batteries Directive Regulations (1st Jan 2002) and Control (IPPC) Directive This proposal aims to reduce the Requires the removal and safe disposal (96/61/EC) quantity of spent batteries and of all CFCs through specialist facilities – Identifies specific industrial and accumulators and sets European particularly affects refrigeration agricultural activities (including large targets for collection and recycling.The equipment that contain CFCs. scale waste management installations) proposal applies to all batteries and and defines standards that must be accumulators, unlike the current Waste Electrical and Electronic achieved including control of legislation (Directive 91/157/EEC), Equipment (2002/96/EC) and emissions to air, land and water, energy which only applies to batteries Restriction of Hazardous Substances efficiency and waste minimisation, containing mercury, lead and (ROHS) Directive (2002/95/EC) based on the employment of BAT – cadmium. Requires that collection systems are Best Available Techniques. put in place to enable the recovery of UK Waste Policies and Targets waste electrical and electronic Animal By-Products Regulations equipment. Also restricts the use of 2003 (EC 1774/2002) Waste Strategy 2000 hazardous substances in such Enacted in the UK through the Animal This is the current Waste Strategy for equipment and promotes improved By-Products Regulations 2003 and the UK (due to be reviewed in 2005), eco-design. preceding Animal By-Products Order, which sets out to support the these regulations lays down specific implementation of the waste hierarchy End of Life Vehicles Directive controls on the disposal of animal by- and achievement of the targets set (2000/53/EC) products including catering/food under the landfill directive, which, in Sets standards and targets for the processing wastes containing meat turn, will require significant diversion recovery of end-of life vehicles, and prescribes specific treatment of biological municipal wastes (BMW) requires reduction of hazardous requirements including composting, from landfill. materials in vehicle anaerobic digestion, rendering and design/manufacture and increased incineration. Under the Best Value initiative, the recyclability. Government has introduced statutory Proposed Biowaste Directive performance standards for recycling by The Packaging and Packaging Waste Likely to impose controls on the local authorities in England.These Directive (94/62/EC) operation of facilities handling targets are set out in two ways: i) Lays down essential requirements for biodegradeable wastes and the end overall targets for the recovery of the composition and design of use of the materials. May also require municipal solid wastes, and packaging and sets specific targets for separate collections of biodegradeable ii) specific targets for the recycling and the recycling/recovery of waste wastes to maximise recovery. composting of household wastes. packaging. Local Authorities are required to produce waste management plans or Directive on Incineration of Wastes strategies that will achieve these (2000/76/EC) targets: Sets strict technical requirements and emissions limits for incineration and co-incineration plants.
13 Municipal and Household National measures to achieve the UK • To increase landfill tax by £3 per Waste Targets Waste Strategy Targets tonne in 2005/6 and by at least £3 per In response to growing concerns tonne in the years thereafter on the Recovery of municipal waste across all English regions that the way to a medium term rate of £35 per • to recover value from 40% of municipal targets in Waste Strategy 2000 will not tonne. waste by 2005 be reached, the Cabinet Office Strategy • to recover value from 45% of municipal Unit prepared a report,“Waste Not, • To reform the Landfill Tax Credit waste by 2010 Want Not, A strategy for tackling the Scheme (the system used to • to recover value from 67% of municipal waste problem” in November 2002. distribute funds raised through the waste by 2015 landfill tax levy) and use a proportion The report proposed reviews to Waste of the funding - £84m in 2003/4, Recycling and composting of Strategy 2000 and new national £92m in 2004/5 and £92m in 2005/6 - household waste targets.The proposals included: to fund a new Sustainable Waste • to recycle or compost at least 25% of Management Programme. Recent household waste by 2005 • To slow waste growth from 3% to 2% indications suggest there is now a • to recycle or compost at least 30% of per annum by 2006; likelihood that a significant household waste by 2010 • 50% of households carrying out proportion of landfill tax funds may • to recycle or compost at least 33% of home composting by 2006; be allocated at a regional level in household waste by 2015 • the roll out of kerbside recycling future through a proposed Regional collections; Collaboration fund. It should be noted that as at 2005, • a target of at least 35% of household DEFRA have capped 2005/6 local waste being composted or recycled • A Sustainable Waste Management authority MSW recycling targets at by 2010 and at least 45% of Programme to be managed by 30%, and targets are as yet to be set for household waste being composted or DEFRA. Its purpose will be to improve 2006/7 onwards. recycled nationally by 2015; waste reduction, recycling and • an absolute reduction in the amount technology and research new Commercial and Industrial Wastes of municipal waste going to landfill technologies for types of waste that The Government has also set a target annually from 2007; are currently not readily reduced, requiring that by 2005 the amount of • 30% of collection authorities to have re-used or recycled. In addition, a industrial and commercial waste sent tried incentive based schemes to Local Authority Delivery Task Force to landfill is reduced to 85% of that encourage sound management of will assist local authorities to meet landfilled in 1998. household waste by 2005/6; their recycling and composting • a significant increase in the level of targets. Data from the Environment Agency landfill tax to a proposed £35/tonne waste production survey suggested in the medium term. • Local authority funding of £90m each that in 1998/99, 42 million tonnes of year for 2004/5 and 2005/6 will industrial and commercial waste was The Government responded to the be provided through a Waste landfilled nationally. By 2005, the Strategy Unit report in a document Minimisation and Recycling Fund. Government expected this figure to (“Government response to Strategy Unit have reduced to 36 million tonnes. report ‘Waste not,Want not’) published • National recycling targets will be in May 2003.The main commitments reviewed in the light of progress made were: made by local authorities to meet the 2003/4 targets.
14 Since the publication of these reports, Appendix 2 provides a summary of the and responsibilities for planners at two Government initiatives, the Waste potential health effects of different the regional and waste planning and Resources Action Programme waste management activities provided authority level. (WRAP) and Waste Implementation by the Health Protection Agency. Programme (WIP), have commenced The key decision making principles are implementation of initiatives to deliver It should be noted that all Government as follows: these commitments at the national Policy (and hence this strategy) level. currently focuses on managing waste • regional planning bodies should by weight. However, there are prepare regional spatial strategies In 2003 the DTI published an increasing concerns within the waste (RSS) which aim to provide sufficient important document titled “Changing management industry that this focuses opportunities to meet the identified Patterns: The UK Government Framework effort onto the recycling and recovery needs of their area for waste for Sustainable Consumption and of “heavier” wastes to achieve targets management for all waste streams. In Production” - setting out a framework that have been set. It is expected that turn, planning authorities should for de-coupling economic growth from the Government may therefore seek to prepare local development environmental degradation through target some materials which have a documents that reflect their increased resource productivity (i.e. high potential environmental impact, contribution to delivering the RSS; ensuring that the maximum benefit is but relatively low weight (such as extracted from any resources that plastics) by volume instead. • waste management should be society uses) and promoting the need Developments in this area will be considered alongside other spatial for an integrated approach to monitored and taken into account in planning concerns,such as transport, sustainable production and future reviews of this strategy. housing, economic growth, natural consumption (SCP). resources and regeneration, UK Planning Policy – recognising the positive contribution In 2004, DEFRA published a report on Planning Policy Statement 10 that waste management can make to the health impacts of waste – “Planning for Sustainable the development of sustainable management (see the website for Waste Management” communities, and should be further details).The report was a review integrated effectively with other of existing analysis of the health The planning system has a vital role to strategies including municipal waste impacts of the various types of waste play in delivering sustainable waste management strategies; management. It concluded that well management – at the strategic level managed and regulated Municipal through the development of strategies • the planned provision of new Solid Waste sites have “at most a minor (such as this one), and through the capacity and its spatial distribution effect on human health and the development control process by should be based on clear policy environment” and that “the effects on providing opportunities for the objectives, robust analysis of available health from emissions from incineration, development of new waste data and information, and an largely to air, are likely to be small in management facilities of the right type appraisal of options. Policy objectives relation to other known risks to health”. and in the right place. PPS10, published should be in line with the planning This suggests therefore that the in July 2005, sets out the key objectives policies set out in this PPS and be incineration of waste with heat and/or and the decision-making principles to linked to measurable indicators of energy recovery should be considered be employed by waste planners.The change; above landfill in the waste hierarchy. statement goes on to set out the roles
15 • sustainability appraisal (incorporating Waste planning authorities should planning permission on grounds of strategic environmental assessment) adhere to the following principles in prematurity will not be justified should be applied so as to shape determining planning applications: unless it accords with the policy in planning strategies that support the The Planning System: General Principles Government’s planning objectives for • controls under the planning and (ODPM, January 2005)” waste management set out in this pollution control regimes should PPS; complement rather than duplicate The full PPS10 document is available to each other and conflicting conditions download via the website. • indicators should be monitored and should be avoided; reported on in regional planning Although PPS10 was published in the bodies’ and waste planning • work effectively with pollution latter stages of the development of this authorities’ annual monitoring control authorities to ensure the best strategy, this document aims to deliver reports. Such monitoring should be use is made of expertise and the requirements of the PPS by the basis on which regional planning information, and that decisions on providing a framework which enables bodies and waste planning planning applications and pollution the delivery of the principles and authorities periodically review and control permits are delivered priorities set out in the current roll forward their waste planning expeditiously; Regional Spatial Strategy. Revisions to strategies. Reviews should reflect any the waste management content of the changes to the national waste • in considering planning applications next RSS - to be called the Regional strategy and occur at least every five for waste management facilities Plan - will be made as part of the years, or sooner if there are signs of before development plans can be ongoing strategy review process. under-provision of waste reviewed to reflect this PPS, have management capacity or over- regard to the policies in this PPS as provision of disposal options where material considerations which may these would undermine movement supersede the policies in their up the waste hierarchy. development plan. Any refusal of
16 An overview of current waste management in the East Midlands
Where are we now? monitor and report on their activities, Waste Arisings – where does the the quality and availability of data on waste come from? In order to achieve sustainable waste many other waste streams is relatively In total, the East Midlands generated management in the East Midlands, we weak.The latest available information around 20.6 million tonnes of must first establish a baseline to has been used in collating this “controlled waste” in 2003.The largest understand where we are starting document, and updated information proportion of waste generated in 2003 from. In 2003, the RTAB published a will be made available in the future via was construction/demolition wastes technical report (see the website) additional reports when appropriate. and commercial/industrial (including which identified the current state of some hazardous wastes). Municipal waste management in the region Data on waste deposits (i.e. disposal wastes make up only 12% of the based on available data.This section arrangements) is generally more total of “controlled wastes” sets out the key facts, updated where reliable and up to date, as this generated. additional information has since information is reported by licensed become available.Where further waste site operators to the Agricultural waste also constitutes a updated information becomes Environment Agency. It should significant proportion of the region’s available in the future, links will also be however, be noted that the information waste arisings. However, the vast provided from the website. provided about how the wastes were majority of this waste is made up of managed or disposed of may not refer slurries or manures which are managed It should be pointed out that at exclusively to activities carried out on the farm of origin.These wastes are present, the quantity and quality of within the East Midlands region, or to not classed as “controlled wastes”. data on waste management is limited. wastes arising within the Region. Farms in the Region do nevertheless Although data on Municipal Solid generate round 30,000 tonnes per Waste management is accurate due to annum of commercial-type wastes the requirement that local authorities which from 2006, will have to be managed as such.
Principal waste streams arising in the East Midlands in 2003 (tonnes)
Hazardous Total Waste Planning Authority Commercial Industrial C&D Agricultural Total MSW Waste Controlled Area (2) Waste Waste (1) Wastes Wastes Arisings (C&I waste) Arisings
Derbyshire (inc Derby City) 521,392 464,400 1,211,910 117,878 2,272,400 1,307,994 4,587,9805,895,974
Leicestershire (inc Leicester 534,151 534,060 807,940 45,543 2,272,400 707,024 4,194,094 4,901,118 City and Rutland County)
Lincolnshire 340,986348,300 519,390 19,214 1,482,000 1,474,649 2,709,890 4,184,539
Northamptonshire 355,443 394,740 634,810 35,302 1,482,000 964,582 2,902,295 3,866,877
Nottinghamshire (including 618,375 580,500 2,596,950 50,012 2,371,200 595,920 6,217,037 6,812,957 Nottingham City)
Total 2,370,347 2,322,000 5,771,000 267,950 9,880,000 5,050,168 20,611,297 25,661,465
(Source: Local Authorities, DEFRA, Environment Agency, ODPM).
Notes: (1) Industrial waste arisings include a large tonnage of power station wastes generated primarily in Nottinghamshire). (2) Waste Planning Authority data relates to County Councils and their respective unitary authorities, as Waste Development Framework documents will be produced on this basis except in the case of Rutland County Council.
17 East Midlands Controlled Waste Arisings 2003 East Midlands Controlled Waste Arisings 2003 (including Agricultural Wastes)
(Source: Local Authorities, DEFRA, Environment Agency, ODPM) (Source: Local Authorities, DEFRA, Environment Agency, ODPM)
How is waste treated or disposed of disposed of in the Region, but a considerable unused waste treatment in the East Midlands? proportion will have been transferred capacity in the Region at present. Based on the records of waste elsewhere in the country. deposited at licensed waste It should be noted that these figures management facilities - in 2002/3, In total approximately 12.7 million will include some wastes that have tonnes of waste were treated, disposed been imported to the region, and • around 8 million tonnes was of or transferred through licensed excludes those wastes exported from landfilled. waste management sites in the Region the region.The data also excludes • around 150,000 tonnes were in 2003. Significant additional tonnages waste handled by the facilities that incinerated - primarily at the will also have been treated or are exempt from waste licensing Nottingham Eastcroft energy-from- otherwise managed at sites exempt requirements. waste facility.This plant generates from the waste management licensing 1030 terrajoules of steam, equating to or pollution prevention and control 280,000MW or 37MW/hr of electricity regime. per annum. • around 2.2 million tonnes of waste According to a study carried out in was treated in some way (through 2004, the total treatment capacity of recycling, composting or other forms the Region (excluding transfer facilities of treatment). and disposal capacity such as landfill • around 2.5 million tonnes of waste sites) is actually estimated to be 12.3 passed through waste transfer million tonnes. Given that only 2.2 facilities (including Household Waste million tonnes of waste were actually Recycling Sites).This transferred treated in 2002/3, this would seem to waste may then have been treated or suggest that there may be
18 Waste treatment, transfer and disposal at Environment Agency licensed waste management facilities 2002/3
All Landfi ll All Transfer & All Treat- County 02/03 CA (3) ment (4) Total Special Special HIC Special Inert/C&D HIC (1) Wastes Inert/C&D Inert/C&D HIC (1) Wastes (1) Wastes (2) (2) (2) Derbyshire 692 540 49 320 155 16 153 451 156 2,533 Leicestershire 936 459 16 360 258 9 55 111 26 2,230 Lincolnshire 336 553 4 191 181 1 - 446 3 1,714 Northamptonshire 955 772 182 274 193 0 79 82 14 2,550 Nottinghamshire 1634 810 18 316 290 8 326 313 29 3,744 4,553 3,133 270 1461 1076 34 614 1,402 227 12,770
Total Landfi ll: 7,956 Notes: 1. HIC refers to household, industrial and commercial wastes 2. Special refers to Special wastes as this data was collected prior to Total Transfer: 2571 introduction of the Hazardous Waste Regulations Special waste data used here is derived from EA SWAT data as opposed to waste deposits information for reasons of accuracy 3.Transfer and CA refers to waste handled either by transfer facilities or Civic Amenity sites. Total Treatment: 2,243 This waste may be later treated or recovered within the region 4.Treatment includes: a) wastes handled by material recovery facilities (MRFs) b) physical treatment facilities c) chemcial treatment facilities d) composting (Source: Environment Agency) e) biological treatment f) metals recovery sites
The following section provides detailed analysis on each key waste stream including a definition, details of known arisings, details of the known management techniques used in the region, and details of how the tonnage of each waste stream is expected to increase or decline in the period up to 2021.The predicted future waste arisings take into account modelling which was done for the technical report, plus additional modelling provided by the 2004 research into the waste treatment capacity of the Region.
MUNICIPAL WASTE
Definition Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is that collected from households, plus other waste which because of its nature or composition is similar to household waste – this generally includes waste from some commercial premises such as shops or offices which may be collected by Council waste collection services, plus waste from schools some other public institutions.
19 MSW Arisings 1996/7 to 2003/4
MSW Arisings 3,000 In 2003/4, the East Midlands generated 2,500 a total of 2.4 million tonnes of 2,000 Municipal Waste.The growth of these 1,500 arisings since 1996/7 is shown in the 1,000 following graph: 500
0 On average the tonnage of MSW 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/4 arisings have increased at just over 3% (Source: DEFRA Municipal Waste Management Survey) per year, however total MSW arisings in the region decreased slightly in 2003/4 for the first time on record. MSW Management 1996/7 to 2003/4
Management of Municipal Wastes 120% Although the percentage of MSW 100% waste recycled and composted has 80% increased from 7% to 20% between Recycled/Composted 1996/7 and 2003/4, 73% is still 60% Incineration with EFW currently disposed of by landfilling. Landfill 40%
20%
0% 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04
(Source: DEFRA Municipal Waste Management Survey 2002/3)
Municipal Waste Recycling
The following table shows: (i) the MSW recycling rate for Local Authorities in the East Midlands in 2002/3, and (ii) 2003/4 (iii) the % change between 2002/3 and 2003/4 (iv) the recycling/composting target set for the years 2003/4 and (v) 2005/6 and (vi) local authority recycling rate as at 2003/4 as set against the targets for 2004/5 and (vii) 2005/6.
20 % Change Target Target Over/under Over/under Local Authority 2002/3 (i) 2003/4 (ii) (iii) 04/05 (iv) 05/06 (v) target 04/05 (vi) target 05/06 (vii) Derbyshire County Council 13 18 51218 60 Amber Valley Borough Council 8 11 3 10 18 1-7 Chesterfi eld Borough Council 12 19 7 16 24 3 -5 Derbyshire Dales District Council 16 20 4 18 27 2 -7 High Peak Borough Council 7 9 2 10 18 -1 -9 North East Derbyshire District Council 5 11 6 10 18 1-7 District of Bolsover 3 8 51018 -2 -10 Erewash Borough Council 13 22 9 20 30 2 -8 South Derbyshire District Council 12 17 5 14 21 3 -4 Derby City Council 12 15 3 22 33 -7 -18 Nottinghamshire County Council 15 23 8 16 24 7 -1 Ashfi eld District Council 4 13 9 10 18 3-5 Bassetlaw District Council 6 14 8 14 21 0 -7 Broxtowe Borough Council 11 18 710188 0 Gedling Borough Council 11 16 5 14 21 2 -5 Mansfi eld District Council 4 9 5 10 18 -1 -9 Newark and Sherwood District Council 6 8 21018 -2 -10 Rushcliffe Borough Council 16 27 11 12 18 15 9 Nottingham City Council 5 9 4 10 18 -1 -9 Leicestershire County Council 22 26 4 22 33 4 -7 Blaby District Council 22 21 -1 20 30 1 -9 Charnwood Borough Council 14 17 3 33 36 -16 -19 Harborough District Council 8 15 7 10 18 5-3 Hinckley and Bosworth Borough 13 23 10 18 27 5 -4 Council Melton Borough Council 31 31 0 33 40 -2 -9 North West Leicestershire 6148 16 24 -2 -10 District Council Oadby and Wigston Borough Council 17 21 4 33 36 -12 -15 Leicester City Council 12 15 3 18 27 -3 -12 Rutland County Council 20 19 -1 22 33 -3 -14 Northamptonshire County Council 18 22 4 18 27 4 -5 Borough Council of Wellingborough 14 17 3 12 18 5-1 Corby Borough Council 4 9 5 10 18 -1 -9 Daventry District Council 44 42 -2 30 36 12 6 East Northamptonshire Council 17 20 3 28 36 -8 -16 Kettering Borough Council 4 5 1 10 18 -5 -13 Northampton Borough Council 13 15 2 24 26 -9 -11 South Northamptonshire Council 14 18 410188 0 Lincolnshire 14 21 7 20 30 1 -9 Boston Borough Council 7 20 13 10 18 10 2 East Lindsey District Council 6 17 11 12 18 5-1 Lincoln City Council 12 17 5 24 36 -7 -19 North Kesteven District Council 16 20 4 10 18 10 2 South Holland District Council 14 15 1 16 24 -1 -9 South Kesteven District Council 8 14 6 12 18 2-4 West Lindsey District Council 10 15 5 10 18 5-3 Target achieved 2003/4 More than 10% below target
(Source – DEFRA Municipal Waste Management Survey 2002/3, 2003/4, DEFRA Guidance on Municipal Waste Strategies)
21 Detailed analysis of the tonnage of Applying this model to the MSW data set out limits on the tonnage of MSW that each local authority will suggests that the total arisings will biodegradeable municipal waste that need to recover and recycle to meet increase from 2.4 million tonnes per waste disposal authorities can send to the Waste Strategy 2000 targets are set annum in 2001 to around 3 million landfill.The allowances can be banked, out in the technical report. However, as tonnes per annum in 2021. borrowed or traded.The limits must be at 2003/4, an encouraging 27 of the complied with if the Landfill Directive region’s 45 authorities had achieved The 2004 regional waste treatment targets are to be achieved. the recycling targets set for them (an capacity study noted that the Regional increase from only 10 authorities in trend in MSW growth over the last 6 Waste Disposal Authorities face 2002/3). years was a compound 3.19%. If this significant financial penalties, set at growth were allowed to continue (as a £150 per tonne, if they fail to meet Only 2 authorities were recovering or worst case scenario) total future their LATS allowance. recycling 10% or more below their arisings would amount to around 4.3 target for 2003/4. Overall this shows million tonnes per annum in 2021. Allowances for the East Midlands are that the majority of authorities are set out in the following graph.This making significant progress towards Allowances for landfilling of shows that the Waste Disposal achieving their targets, although this biodegradeable municipal wastes Authorities in the region must reduce momentum must be maintained on (BMW) the total BMW landfilled from 1.3 an ongoing basis if the targets set in Introduced in 2003,The Waste and million tonnes per annum in 2001/2 to this strategy (which exceed those Emissions Trading Act 2003 (“the WET 435,000 tonnes in 2020. As BMW is currently set by the Government) are Act”) made provision for the considered to be 68% of total MSW to be achieved. establishment of landfill allowances for arisings, this means that the total MSW each County in the UK.This Act landfilled must now be reduced from Updated information on MSW implements the requirements of Article the current 3 million tonnes per annum management can be found on the 5 of the EU Landfill Directive. to around 640,000 tonnes per annum DEFRA website as they are published by 2020.This is a massive change for at: www.defra.gov.uk/environment The Government has now published local authorities and will require a /waste/index.htm allowances for the LATS (Landfill significant amount of development of Allowance Trading Scheme), which alternative MSW management Growth Predictions started in April 2005.These allowances infrastructure. The technical report completed for the development of this strategy suggested that a “medium growth LATS - BMW Landfill Allowances East Midlands Local Authorities scenario” would represent the most realistic model for prediction of the growth of MSW.This scenario assumes: 1400000 Rutland 1200000 Notts CC 1000000 Nottingham City • Continued average growth averaging 800000 Northants 600000
3.6% per annum until 2006 tonnes Lincolnshire County 400000 • A declining growth averaging 1.7% Leicester County 200000 Leicester City per annum from 2007 to 2015 0 Derbyshire County 2005/6 2007/8 Target 2011/12 2013/14 2015/16 2017/18 Target • Zero growth in waste from 2016 to allocation allocation 2010 allocation allocation allocation allocation 2020 Derby City 2021 (Source: DEFRA) • The scenario also assumes that Waste Strategy 2000 targets for recovery and recycling of MSW are achieved.
22 MSW arisings and Management Requirements 2003 to 2020
The implications of the current recycling/composting targets, LATS 3500000 targets and waste growth predictions 3000000 can be combined to give an indication 2500000 Landfill/Disposal of the future MSW management 2000000 requirements over the strategy period, Recycling & Composting 1500000 Treatment/Recovery as shown in the following graph: 1000000 Treatment (Hazardous)
500000
0 2003 2010 2015 2020
(Source: EMRA data analysis)
The Costs of Municipal Waste collection: £56.9 million Waste Management (or £32.85 per household per year) An estimate based on local authority Best Value Performance data and 2001 Waste disposal#: £54.9 million census data, shows that indicative total (or £31.74 per household per year) costs of municipal waste management in the East Midlands in 2002/3 were as Total: £111.9 million follows: (or £64.58 per household per year)
(Source: Based on BVPI 2002/3 and Census 2001 data) (#Assumes that each household produces 1tonne of MSW per annum)
COMMERCIAL C&I Arisings stations. Disregarding this inert AND INDUSTRIAL The data available on the amount of waste stream, it is thought that the (C&I) WASTE commercial and industrial waste we generation of C&I arisings is fairly produce is based on the second evenly spread across the Region’s Definition national waste survey carried out for Counties, although data is not available C&I waste is that produced by the Environment Agency and relates to to corroborate this. commercial premises including shops, 2002-3. In total the region produced warehouses, offices, entertainment and approximately 8 million tonnes of C&I The following table shows the C&I catering businesses (commercial wastes, of which 5.7 million tonnes waste arisings by industry type waste), plus factories and industrial (71%) were industrial in origin and 2.3 (Standard Industrial Classification or plants (industrial wastes). C&I waste million tonnes (29%) were commercial SIC code) in 2002-3 for the Region.The generally includes a proportion of in origin. data for industrial sites is somewhat special or hazardous wastes and some distorted by the SIC code “production inert or semi-inert material. Analysis shows that a significant of coke, oil, gas, electricity and water”. proportion of C&I waste material, Removal of this figure shows that the particularly that arising in food and drink industry generate over Nottinghamshire, is predominantly 27% of the Region’s industrial waste. made up of fly ash and furnace bottom Only sector 7 – “manufacture of ash produced from the County’s power chemicals and chemical products” of
23 the remaining sectors individually accounts for more than 10% of the total industrial arisings.The commercial waste figures show that the retail and wholesale sector generates nearly half of commercial waste arisings.
Although industrial waste arisings are thought to have increased by 3% in the 4 years between the surveys being carried out, it is of some concern that commercial arisings have increased by 10% over the same period.
C&I Waste Production, East Midlands Region, 2002-3
% of Sector Waste Arisings % of Regional Total SIC Sector Regional group (000s tonnes) (excluding Sector 6) total
1 Food, drink and tobacco 994 17.22 27.3
2 Manufacture of textiles, etc 302 5.22 8.3
3 Wood and wood products 230 3.99 6.3
4 Manufacture of pulp, paper and paper products 257 4.45 7.0
5 Publishing, printing and recording 155 2.68 4.3
6 Production of coke, oil, gas, electricity, water 2,126 36.85
7 Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products 610 10.58 16.7
8 Other non-metallic mineral products 313 5.43 8.6
9 Manufacture of basic metals 235 4.08 6.5
10 Manufacture of fabricated metal products 163 2.83 4.5
11 Manufacture of machinery and equipment 92 1.59 2.5
INDUSTRIAL SECTORS 12 Manufacture of offi ce machinery, computers,etc 46 0.79 1.3
13 Manufacture of motor vehicles and other transport equipment 159 2.76 4.38
14 Furniture and other manufacturing 88 1.52 2.4 Total Industrial Waste 5,771 % change 1998/9 to 2002/3 3% 16 Retail & wholesale; 1,056 45.49 17 Hotels, catering 238 10.25 18 Transport, storage, communications 179 7.72 19 Travel agents, real estate, etc 459 19.76 20 Miscellaneous 124 5.32 21 Social work and public administration 116 4.98
COMMERCIAL SECTORS 22 Education 151 6.48 Total Commercial Waste 2,322 % change 1998/9 to 2002/3 10% Total C&I 8,092 % change 1998/9 to 2002/3 5%
(Source: Environment Agency)
24 Industrial Waste Production, East Midlands 2002-03 (excluding Sector 6)
Food, drink and tobacco
Manufacture of textiles, etc
Wood and wood products 4.38% 2.4% 1.3% 2.5% Manufacture of pulp, paper and paper products 4.5% 27.3% Publishing, printing and recording
6.5% Production of coke, oil, gas, electricity, water Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products 8.6% Other non-metallic mineral products
Manufacture of basic metals 8.3% Manufacture of fabricated metal products
16.7% 6.3% Manufacture of machinery and equipment 7.0% 4.3% Manufacture of office machinery, computers,etc Manufacture of motor vehicles and other transport equipment Furniture and other manufacturing
(Source: Environment Agency)
Commercial Waste Production East Midlands 2002/3
C&I Waste Management 6% 5% Of the combined C&I waste managed 5% Retail & wholesale; within the Region, around 46% was Hotels, catering 46% Transport, storage, communications landfilled, with a 44% recovered or 20% Travel agents, real estate, etc recycled in some way.This compares Miscellaneous Social work and public administration favourably with MSW, but it should be Education 8% remembered that the tonnage of C&I 10% waste landfilled was nearly double the (Source: Environment Agency) tonnage of MSW landfilled.
Commercial Waste Management, East Midlands 2002/03 Industrial Waste Management, East Midlands 2002/03
1% 3% 1% 2% 3% 3% 0% 4% 3% 1% Land disposal Land disposal Land recovery Land recovery 43% Re-used Re-used Recycled Recycled Thermal Thermal Transfer Transfer 50% Treatment Treatment 33% Unrecorded 38% Unrecorded Unsampled Unsampled
5% 1% 6% 3%
(Source: Environment Agency) (Source: Environment Agency)
25 Costs of C&I waste management An estimate based on the tonnage of C&I waste deposited at licensed waste management facilities in the Region in 2000/01, shows that indicative total costs of C&I waste management in the East Midlands totalled between £200 and £300 million. Estimates suggest that these costs could more than double by 2020.
Movements of C&I wastes Environment Agency data suggests that 22.8% of the Region’s C&I wastes were exported outside the Region in 1998/9 (source SWMA 2000). Although this includes a proportion of special or hazardous wastes (for which there may be no suitable facilities available within the Region), this provides a strong indication that the East Midlands either lacks self-sufficiency for the management of C&I wastes at present, or that commercial waste management arrangements influence this high level of export. Waste Movements: Sub-regional and exports from the region of industrial and commercial waste produced in the East Midlands. (Source: Environment Agency SWMA 2000) (Note: arrows showing waste “exports from region” are illustrative only and do not indicate the destination of the exported wastes) Growth Predictions The technical report suggests that a a 1% per annum reduction year on tonnes in 2003 to 7.5 million tonnes “declining growth” scenario is year from 2003 to 2021. in 2021. appropriate for the commercial element of the C&I wastes, as follows: Applying this model to the C&I data The 2004 waste treatment capacity suggests that the commercial element study presents a worst-case scenario • Continued growth averaging 2% per of the arisings will increase from 2.3 which assumes that C&I waste annum until 2006 million tonnes per annum in 2001 to continues to grow in line with GDP. • A reduced growth level averaging 1% 2.6 million tonnes per annum in 2021. Taking the target GDP growth rates per annum from 2007 to 2015 However, due to the decline in heavy from the Regional Economic Strategy • Zero growth in waste from 2016 to industry within the region, it is (2.5% increase per annum), this 2021 predicted that the industrial wastes will scenario would result in C&I arisings reduce from 5.7 million tonnes in 2001 increasing to around 12.5 million It is proposed that a “towards zero to 4.8 million tonnes per annum by tonnes by 2021. growth” scenario is appropriate for the 2021. Combined C&I arisings would industrial waste element, representing therefore reduce from around 8 million
26 CONSTRUCTION (It should be noted that the 2003 data AND DEMOLITION has a accuracy confidence level of +/- (C&D) WASTES 22% and the 2001 data a confidence level of +/- 55%.The reliability of this Definition data should therefore be taken into C&D waste is that generated from consideration when used in making construction and demolition activities, future decisions.) including the reclamation of contaminated land. It constitutes C&D Waste use and disposal material such as soil, rubble, concrete The 2003 figures suggest that around and bricks, but also hazardous 88% of C&D arisings are currently materials such as asbestos and recovered in some way, the remaining contaminated soils (which will also be 12% being disposed of to landfill. discussed in the following section of Further analysis shows that of the 1.2 this document covering million tonnes landfilled, 483,000 hazardous/special wastes). tonnes constituted clean excavation a waste, suggesting that despite the Arisings overall high recovery rate, there The ODPM published a report in remains an opportunity for improved October 2004 setting out the latest management of this material. estimate of C&D arisings (see the website for details).These figures will be used here as the accuracy and Waste Management Methods for C&D wastes in the East Midlands 2003 scope of the data is considered to be superior to previous assessments that have been carried out. As a result the Recycled aggregates 12% data relating to C&D taken from the and soil
ODPM report used in this strategy is C&D waste and soil reused not directly comparable with the data on landfills for engineering/ 11% 49% in the technical report. restoration Used to backfill quarry Total arisings in 2003 were estimated voids to be 9.88 million tonnes per annum Inert materials recovered 19% (3.7million tonnes per annum higher on exempt sites than the 1998/9 estimate of 6.1 million C&D waste disposed of as tonnes). No sub regional breakdown of 9% waste to landfill this figure is available, however it is thought that this increase results from improved accuracy in data collection, (Source: ODPM Survey of Arisings and Use of Construction, Demolition and Excavation Waste as Aggregate in England 2003) rather than a real-world increase in the tonnage of waste arising.
27 Growth Predictions Region Skills Foresight Report 2002) – covered by the Special Waste The technical report suggests that considered to be 2.9% per annum.This Regulations 1996. Hazardous waste is a “declining growth” scenario is scenario would result in total therefore now defined in the appropriate for the C&D wastes, as C&D arisings increasing to 19 million Hazardous Waste Directive and List of follows: tonnes by 2021. Wastes Regulations 2005.The new regulations will continue to be • Continued average growth averaging No targets are set for C&D wastes in enforced by the Environment Agency. 2% per annum until 2006 Waste Strategy 2000. However, Minerals Many companies may therefore now • A reduced growth rate averaging Planning Guidance (MPG6) sets a find that they are handling hazardous 1% per annum from 2007 to 2015 target that use of recycled aggregate waste as the new definition includes • Zero growth in waste from 2016 to should increase from 30 million tonnes everyday items such as fluorescent 2021 in 1998 to over 55 million tonnes. tubes, monitors and televisions that However, no accurate method of have reached the end of their lives. Applying this model to the 1998/9 C&D monitoring progress against this target Special and hazardous materials are data suggests that the arisings will is currently identified. subject to strict controls (enforced by increase from 6.1 million tonnes per the Environment Agency) on their annum to 7.7 million tonnes per SPECIAL OR carriage, treatment and disposal. annum in 2021. Obviously, this figure HAZARDOUS WASTE does not correlate with the indicative Arisings data in the report published by ODPM Definition In 2003, the Region produced a total of in 2004. Application of this growth Special waste has historically been 268,000 tonnes of hazardous waste, of scenario to the 2003 data suggests that considered material that poses the which 132,000 tonnes were exported. in 2021, arisings will have risen to greatest risk to human health or However 350,000 tonnes of hazardous approximately 12 million tonnes per the environment, including materials wastes were imported to the Region annum. such as asbestos, oils, solvents and for treatment or disposal. chemical wastes. The 2004 waste treatment capacity The following table sets out the study presents a worst-case scenario The Landfill Directive has introduced movements of special or hazardous which assumes that C&D waste grows the new term “hazardous”, rather than wastes across the English Regions in in line with construction output (as “special”, and this definition covers a 2003: detailed in a CITB report Construction broader range of wastes than is
28 2003 Movements of special waste between regions in England and Wales (ooos tonnes)
East of West Yorks & Total Planning Region East Midlands London North East North West South East South West Wales Total exports England Midlands Humber produced EXPORTS East Midlands 135.1 6.1 1.0 1.3 15.1 3.7 1.4 2.1 41.4 60.8 267.9 132.83 East of England 36.2 253.8 3.8 0.1 18.2 23.3 5.6 6.3 8.4 22.0 377.8 124.00 London 16.4 123.1 10.4 0.2 14.4 67.5 15.7 4.0 6.3 28.4 286.3 275.89 North East 23.7 1.8 0.2 177.0 31.0 31.0 0.3 2.4 2.0 36.3 305.7 128.75 North West 40.0 3.7 0.3 11.5 523.0 6.0 4.1 22.4 32.7 47.5 691.0 168.06 South East 20.1 62.8 7.8 4.0 17.5 195.3 71.6 17.4 23.5 23.8 443.7 248.35 South West 11.1 6.3 0.6 1.8 19.6 16.7 153.4 21.7 30.4 9.8 271.1 117.75 Wales 9.7 0.8 0.0 0.1 30.7 3.7 13.0 489.3 35.4 9.2 591.9 102.59 West Midlands 121.1 6.2 0.3 1.7 42.4 2.8 15.4 12.9 438.0 23.9 664.5 226.57 Yorks & Humber 72.7 11.0 11.6 14.6 82.4 12.6 0.2 0.3 12.0 354.3 571.6 217.33 Total deposits 485.9 475.6 36.0 212.2 794.2 362.5 280.7 578.6 630.0 616.0 4,471.7 Total imports 350.82 221.78 25.52 35.21 271.22 167.20 127.36 89.31 192.01 261.68
(Source: Environment Agency)
The breakdown of special waste arisings in 2003 is set out in the following graph:
East Midlands Special Waste Production 2003
This data clearly shows that 3 waste Petrol, Gas and Coal Refining/Treatment 2% streams constitute over 50% of special 3% 2% 3% Inorganic Chemical Processes 1% 6% Organic Chemical Processes or hazardous waste arisings: 4% MFSU Paints, Varnish, Adhesive and Inks 18% Thermal Process Waste (inorganic) • contaminated construction/
9% Metal Treatment and Coating Processes demolition wastes,
Shaping/Treatment of Metals and Plastics • waste water and water treatment
Oil and Oil/Water Mixtures wastes 4% Not Otherwise Specified • oil and oil/water mixtures
4% C&D Waste and Asbestos
Waste/Water Treatment and Water Industry
Municipal and Similar Commercial Wastes 28% 12% Unclassified
4% Miscellaneous others (Source – Environment Agency)
29 Special Waste Management, East Midlands, 2003
Special/ Hazardous 12% 9% Waste Management 6% Environment Agency data states that a total of 486,000 tonnes of hazardous wastes were managed within the Region in 2003, clearly indicating that
22% the Region is a significant importer of 51% these wastes. 0% Incineration with energy recovery Although landfill disposal still Landfill dominates hazardous waste Long term storage management, the majority of the Recycling / Reuse Transfer (Short term) material landfilled was contaminated Treatment C&D waste or waste water/water treatment residues. (Source – Environment Agency)
Growth Predictions AGRICULTURAL It should be noted that the As the majority of special or hazardous WASTE Government is expected to introduce wastes are produced from commercial controls on agricultural wastes in late or industrial premises, the growth Definition 2005. However, it is expected that only predictions used in the technical This is waste material generated from the commercial waste constituents of report follow the scenarios applied to agricultural premises, which unlike all the waste will become controlled, C&I wastes. On this basis, the technical the wastes described above is not amounting to less than 1% of total report predicted that special waste classed as “controlled waste” and hence agricultural arisings. Management of arisings would reduce to 216,000 has not historically been regulated.The slurries and manures is expected to tonnes per annum by 2021 (based on vast majority of agricultural wastes are continue as per current practice. arisings in 1998/9).This assessment bulk materials such as animal waste does not currently account for the slurries. However a survey carried out Arisings increase in the tonnage of waste by the Environment Agency in 2003 It is estimated that over 5 million classed as hazardous due to the into “non-natural” waste streams found tonnes of agricultural wastes were introduction of revised definitions. that 75% of agricultural premises produced in the region in 2003.The produce wastes such as scrap metals, majority of this was slurry and manure Analysis carried out for the 2004 waste batteries, oils, tyres, agrochemical resulting from livestock housing, with treatment capacity study suggests a packs, fertilizer bags, animal health around 30,000 tonnes per annum of marginal increase in total hazardous product packaging, used “commercial” wastes being generated. arisings to around 287,0000 tonnes by syringes/needles, baler twine, net wrap The following table provides a 2021, primarily accounted for by and general building waste. summary of the arisings: increases in contaminated C&D wastes and asbestos.
30 Agricultural waste arisings Management of Agricultural Wastes Other Waste Streams: 2003 (tonnes) It is thought that the majority of There are a number of other waste agricultural wastes are disposed of “on streams generated within the region –
Pesticide washings 9,638 farm” under the current regime – for often from commercial or industrial example slurries are often applied to sources – for which there is limited Plastics/polymers 11,148 land for agricultural benefit.The data available, include mining wastes Environment Agency study found that from the remaining minerals extraction Paper and Card 1,385 disposal practices for “non-natural” industry within the region. Tyres products include open burning (83% of Vehicles/Machinery respondents), putting agricultural Given the limited available information wastes in the household dustbin (77% on these wastes, and the fact that their Oils 3,318 of respondents) and disposal using a management or disposal is not likely Sheep Dip 3,621 farm tip or burial elsewhere (reported to be subject to regional influence, Milk/Rubber/Glass 1,115 by 32%). they are not considered further in Total “Commercial” Arisings 30,225 this strategy. Total natural waste arisings 5,019,945 It was also noted that significant Total Agricultural Arisings 5,050,170 quantities of agricultural wastes are (Source – Environment Agency) simply stored on the farm without being actively treated or disposed of as such.
31 Summing up: Predicting future waste arisings and waste treatment requirements
Using the various scenarios outlined Total waste arisings are thought to has been used to model the best above, we can now see how waste exceed 25 million tonnes in 2003, of overall option for the management of arisings could develop up until 2020. which controlled arisings make up 20.6 the Region’s waste in the future. The technical report allows for the million tonnes. However, the broader range of achievement of statutory diversion, tonnages presented by the more recovery and recycling targets and The growth predictions provided recent capacity study report should suggested that total controlled waste present a best-case (minimum also be taken into consideration in arisings are likely to increase from 16.4 tonnage) and worst-case (maximum terms of the provision of future waste million tonnes in 2000/1 to 18.4 million tonnage) scenario. On this basis, it is processing capacity in the Region.The tonnes in 2021. If agricultural wastes suggested that total controlled waste strategy to be adopted for the Region are included, this total increases from arisings will increase to between 22 therefore sets out to achieve the best- 22 million tonnes to 25 million tonnes million tonnes per annum at best and case scenario as described in the 2004 overall. 33.5 million tonnes (at worst) by 2021. waste treatment capacity study, which A detailed breakdown of predicted aligns with the principles and priorities The 2004 waste treatment capacity waste arisings based on the latest as set out in the RSS. study and subsequent updates from known arisings and achievement is DEFRA, the ODPM and Environment therefore provided in Appendix 4. It should be noted that failure to Agency have allowed further accuracy deliver the strategy aims and improvements to this data, including Predicting future waste arisings will of objectives could result in waste revised, much increased C&D arisings course always rely on a wide range of arisings moving towards the worst- and lower overall industrial waste assumptions and estimates.The case scenario.The scenarios arisings. technical report provides a reasonably are clearly set out in the following optimistic prediction of arisings which graph:
Estimated range for future waste arisings for East Midlands Region, based on maximum and minimum potential growth scenarios (000s tonnes)
(Source: Enviros Consulting Ltd: Study to determine the current and future waste treatment capacity of the East Midlands Region, 2004, with updated waste arisings data from Environment Agency, ODPM and DEFRA)
32 Waste Treatment and Disposal Capacity in the East Midlands
Waste Disposal Capacity In 2001, the East Midlands had a total of 60 million cubic metres of void space available in “open-gate” landfill sites for wastes including biodegradeable material. (Open-gate landfills are those open for use by local authorities and commercial operators, as opposed to restricted landfill sites often associated with a particular manufacturing plant or other specific facility). Assuming that waste management practice continues in its current format, it is estimated that this capacity will be exhausted in 7.9 years.
Remaining capacity at landfill sites licensed for biodegradable waste in the East Midlands in April 2001
Void space Capacity (000s m3) Site inputs (000s tonnes) Life expectancy (years) (000s m3) Cap/cover Waste All Degradable Derbyshire 14,679 5,872 8,807 1,188 690 10.6
Leicestershire 10,296 4,118 6,178 1,199 651 7.9
Lincolnshire 13,064 5,226 7,838 567 513 12.7
Northamptonshire 12,335 4,934 7,401 1,479 1,146 5.4
Nottinghamshire 9,899 3,960 5,939 1,150 835 5.9 TOTAL 60,273 24,110 36,163 5,5833,835 7.9
(Source: Environment Agency SWMA 2000)
Investigations for the technical report current landfill capacity of the Region. strategy sets out to achieve Regional found that this total increased by However, the nature and quantities of self-sufficiency in waste management. further 2.3 years when proposed new the waste sent to landfill will of course In doing so, that proportion of the East facilities (i.e. those going through the now change as the Landfill Directive, Midland’s waste which is currently process of applying for planning Hazardous Waste Regulations and exported elsewhere for disposal should permission or other permits) are taken other diversion requirements are increasingly be managed within our into consideration (at the time the implemented. A total of 8.7 million boundaries where appropriate. On this technical report was being prepared tonnes of waste were landfilled in basis, a significant level of landfill in 2003). 2003. capacity will have to be maintained to provide disposal route for those Assuming that one tonne of waste has Restrictions on the types of material wastes that cannot be recovered by a volume of one cubic metre (once that can be landfilled may reduce the other means. compacted in a landfill), a fill rate of 5.5 tonnage disposed of by this route in million tonnes per annum has been future, therefore extending the life used to provide an indication of the expectancy of these sites. However, this
33 Waste Treatment Capacity Local Authorities under the PPC around 9 to 10 million tonnes per Waste treatment can include activities Regulations) annum. However confidence in the such as physical, chemical and • 568 are carried out under exemptions true capacity of facilities exempt from biological processes which change the from Waste Management Licensing licensing or subject to PPC Part B characteristics of waste in order to authorisation is far lower. On this basis, reduce its volume, nature, facilitate The survey carried out showed that the true waste treatment capacity lies handling or enhance recovery.The approximately 40% of the treatment between a minimum of 10.1 million waste treatment capacity study carried processes classed as exempt or tonnes and a maximum of 16.4 million out in the Region in 2004 has operated under a Part B authorisation, tonnes. An estimate of 12.3 million concluded that the current treatment are not actually operational, thereby tonnes has therefore been adopted for capacity in the East Midlands is an reducing the total estimated number use in this strategy. However, it should estimated 12,376,100 tonnes per of operational facilities to about 400. be noted that this total includes over annum (within a range from 10 million All the capacity figures for exempt and 5.45 million tonnes of metal waste tonnes up to 16.4 million tonnes) Part B processes and the total capacity treatment capacity and over 2.4 million provided by 819 facilities, of which: have been reduced by 40% to allow for tonnes of capacity for the crushing and this finding. screening of soil and concrete wastes. • 7 are “Part A” processes under the On this basis the true capacity of the Pollution Prevention and Control The treatment capacity by licensing Region to manage MSW and C&I (PPC) Regulations method is shown in the table below. wastes is probably closer to 4-5 million • 183 operate under Waste Confidence in the true capacity of PPC tonnes. Management Licences Part A and licensed waste • 61 are “Part B” processes (regulated by management facilities is high at
Treatment capacity by licensing method, East Midlands Region, 2004
Minimum capacity Average capacity Maximum capacity Method of licensing Tonnes per annum Part A processes 442,500 442,500 442,500 WML 7,741,000 8,744,000 9,747,000 Exemptions 1,667,100 2,666,600 5,081,000 Part B 317,000 523,000 1,135,000 Total 10,167,600 12,376,100 16,405,500
(Source – Enviros Consultants Treatment Capacity Study-Part 1, November 2004)
34 A breakdown of waste treatment and In the future, as the proportion of our Although the technical report favoured disposal capacity by Waste Planning waste that is landfilled is steadily an approach based on high levels of Area can be found in Appendix 6, and reduced, significant capacity for incineration, after further consideration the full report is available to download alternative treatment or disposal – particularly on the issue of the real- from the website. solutions will have to be developed. world deliverability of such an The East Midlands will work alongside approach - it was agreed that the RSS Waste Arisings versus adjoining Regions in seeking ensure should be based on a revised scenario: Waste Treatment Capacity - that it has the ability to manage the to reduce waste arisings working Regional Self-Sufficiency majority of its own waste arisings, towards zero growth in waste from where it is appropriate to do so, whilst 2016, to exceed government targets for Based on the data set out above, it recognising that a practical and recycling and composting and take a would appear that the Region pragmatic approach must be adopted flexible approach to other forms of currently has the capacity to treat or in terms of Regional self-sufficiency. waste recovery. dispose of approximately 17.8 million tonnes of waste per annum (subject to Future Waste Treatment An indicative breakdown of the caveats relating to metals and inert Infrastructure Requirements tonnage of treatment capacity that wastes as set out above). Controlled would be required in each County to waste arisings are now estimated to be An assessment of future achieve this option is provided in around 21 to 22 million tonnes, waste management infrastructure Appendix 5.This is based on 2003/4 suggesting that theoretically although requirements needed to achieve the waste arisings estimates combined the Region has a capacity to treat or policies as set out in the Regional with an updated version of the sub- dispose of the majority of its own Spatial Strategy was carried out in 2002 regional apportionment provided in controlled waste arisings, some wastes for the technical report. the technical report (see chapter 4 in may be exported elsewhere and some the technical report). wastes are still imported from other The technical report provides as parts of the UK. It should be noted that assessment of various options available If the targets for reduction in waste this treatment/disposal capacity does to ensure that the BPEO – the Best growth and an increase in recycling not necessarily correspond with the Practicable Environmental Option for and recovery are achieved as per the actual tonnage of waste which is strategic waste management across Regional Spatial Strategy policies, then physically managed within the Region. the region is adopted. Although BPEO in 2020 facilities will be required to This may be due to limited data on the is no longer specifically required by the manage a total of over 22 million tonnage of waste handled by sites planning system, the most sustainable tonnes of waste per annum as follows: exempt from licensing, but may also waste management solution must still reflect commercial or other operational be delivered and the technical report • to recycle or compost approximately limitations of the industry within the has therefore been used as the basis 4 million tonnes of MSW and C&I Region. for the RSS policies and therefore, the wastes per annum policies in this strategy. • to recover or treat a further 1 million tonnes of MSW and C&I waste per annum • to re-use or recycle approximately 9.9 million tonnes of C&D arisings leaving 5.5 million tonnes of residues to be disposed of as at 2020.
35 This would equate to an overall shortfall also needs to account for the Adoption of a flexible approach to the recycling, recovery or re-use rate for all diversion of a minimum of 2.32 million treatment and disposal of residual waste streams of 75%. However, if a tonnes per annum of MSW from landfill wastes allows both the waste landfill capacity of equivalent to 5.5 as a result of LATS targets and the fact management industry and planning million tonnes per annum is no longer that a large proportion of the authorities the ability to develop available by 2020, then further estimated waste treatment capacity infrastructure which best meets the alternative treatment or recovery (5.6 million tonnes per annum) is made overall needs of any particular waste capacity for the residual waste will up of metal reprocessing facilities.This stream in any particular geographical have to be created. scenario provides clear indication of area. It is expected that the mix of the urgent need to rapidly develop residual technologies to be employed Given that the current treatment and infrastructure which provides will include an ongoing proportion of disposal capacity is estimated to be alternative options to landfill. Appendix landfill but also the development of 17.8 million tonnes, there is an existing 6 provides an indicative breakdown of energy from waste, anaerobic capacity shortfall of around 3.3 million current regional capacity against future digestion, mechanical-biological tonnes per annum, predicted to predicted waste treatment and treatment and advanced thermal increase to a minimum of 4.2 million disposal needs. treatment solutions. tonnes by 2020. However, this capacity
Current Treatment/Disposal Capacity v Predicted Controlled Waste Arisings at 2020
35,000 Additional Capacity Required 30,000 25,000 Landfill 20,000 15,000 Treatment 10,000 5,000 0 Policy Led Worse Case Scenario Scenario
(Source: Enviros Consulting Ltd: Study to determine the current and future waste treatment capacity of the East Midlands Region, 2004 and revised waste arisings data. Note: Assumes that 2004 treatment capacity remains static @ 12.3 million tonnes per annum and that landfilling continues at 5.5 million tonnes per annum.
The planning system and delivery of infrastructure
To date the land-use planning system has been seen by many as a barrier to the development of waste management facilities. As set out above, there is now a need to develop infrastructure rapidly and effectively - even if the current growth in waste arisings is successfully arrested. It is therefore vital that the planning system enables the delivery of the required infrastructure in the East Midlands quickly and efficiently.
36 One key consideration must be the lead time for delivery of waste infrastructure. It can take a considerable number of years for a waste management facility to be designed, permitted, developed and commissioned.Working with developers, the planning system must therefore now facilitate delivery of the required waste management infrastructure to ensure that suitable capacity is in place to manage predicted future waste arisings. Indicative lead times for different types of waste management facility are shown in the following table:
Indicative lead times for development and commissioning of waste management infrastructure
Energy from Waste Facility 10 years Gasifi cation facility 7 years Mechanical Biological Treatment Plant 3 years Materials Recycling Facility 3 years Composting facility 2 years
(Source: ESA Report: Land-use Planning for Sustainable Waste Management, May 2004)
Monitoring the development of Future financial costs of Waste collection of domestic waste, this is additional waste management capacity Management unavoidable. However, there is a need has, to date, been very difficult. Using very simplistic calculations to identify and safeguard any However, through the implementation based on tonnage data and indicative opportunities to move waste materials of this strategy and the reform of the unit costs of waste treatment (as set by other means, particularly rail or planning system, waste planning out in the technical report), the current inland waterway. authorities will now need to monitor cost of waste collection, treatment and the tonnage of additional capacity disposal for the region is estimated to The Regional Freight Strategy (see the granted planning permission in order be in the order of £400 to £500 million EMRA website for details) sets targets to gauge progress against the per annum. Achievement of the to increase the proportion of total apportionment as set out in Appendix preferred future management option is freight which is carried by rail and 5.This data will be collated at the predicted to double the costs to waterway.Waste may offer particular Regional level. around £1.1 billion per annum by 2020 opportunities to contribute to this. (at 2004 prices, not taking inflation into Further work is therefore required to PPS10 requires that the RSS (through consideration). However, it is widely clarify how waste is currently its Regional Waste Strategy) should agreed that a “do nothing” option, transported, the impacts of this mode identify the broad locations where the apart from failing to meet statutory UK of travel versus alternatives, and to pattern of waste management facilities and EU targets, would cost even more. identify the potential opportunities for, should be accommodated. It is A breakdown of the calculation used to and associated advantages of modal intended that Appendix 5, combined produce these figures is provided in change.This work is to be taken with the land-use planning policies as Appendix 3. forward through the implementation set out in the strategy meet this of the Regional Freight Strategy. requirement and will assist Waste Transport and Waste Planning Authorities in the timely Anecdotal evidence suggests that development and implementation of virtually all waste transport within or their Waste Development Frameworks. to/from the Region at present is by road. In many cases, for example for the
37 Summary Key issues for waste management in the East Midlands
Assuming no change to current waste Meeting the requirements of the Achievement of the policies as set out management practice, the East Landfill Directive will require a in RSS8 will require progressive waste Midlands will run out of landfill dramatic reduction in the quantity of prevention and minimisation, together facilities in between 8 and 11 years. biodegradeable waste – particularly with the rapid development Municipal Solid Wastes, sent to landfill of waste recovery/ treatment Assuming recovery and recycling as a proportion of the total waste infrastructure, creating a total waste targets as set out in this strategy are landfilled.This, in turn, requires that recovery/treatment and disposal achieved and successful waste significant alternative waste capacity for controlled wastes of at minimisation measures are employed, management infrastructure needs to least 22 million tonnes per annum by total waste arisings are expected to be created. 2020.This should ensure that Regional increase from an estimated 25.6 million self-sufficiency in waste management tonnes in 2004 to at least 27.8 million It is estimated that the Region has the is achieved. tonnes by 2020. Failure to deliver this capacity to treat or dispose of strategy could result in total waste approximately 17.8 million tonnes of The cost of waste treatment/disposal in arisings increasing to as much as 39.4 controlled waste per annum, the region is currently estimated to be million tonnes per annum. suggesting that the Region is a net of the order of £400 million to £500 exporter of waste at present. However million per annum. A conservative In 2003, commercial and industrial some wastes streams – in particular estimate suggests this total could waste made up 40% of the controlled hazardous wastes, are increasingly increase to over £1 billion (excluding waste produced in the region, and 48% being imported to the Region. inflation) by 2020 - assuming targets was construction and demolition are achieved. waste. Municipal waste made up only The Regional Spatial Strategy (RSS) has 12% of the controlled waste stream. set out the principles for waste management in the region, based on In 2003, East Midlands was ranked 49th reducing the growth in waste arisings, out of the 78 EU regions in terms of exceeding Government targets for waste produced and energy used per recycling and composting and taking a unit Gross Value Added (GVA). Of the flexible approach to other forms of UK regions, the East Midlands Ranked waste recovery. 7th of 9.
38 The Principles and Priorities of the Regional Waste Strategy - delivering the change required
Policy 38 of the Regional Spatial • All Waste Collection Authorities and Moving forward – Strategy sets out the principles of the Waste Disposal Authorities should The Priority Issues waste strategy.These principles aim to achieve a minimum target for the represent the Best Practicable recycling and composting of MSW of The following section of the document Environment Option for waste • 25% by 2005 sets out the priority areas that must management for the East Midlands • 30% by 2010 now be addressed to ensure that the Region: • 50% by 2015 East Midlands Region achieves the aims and objectives set out above. Principles of the Regional • Waste Local Plans should include Waste Strategy (Policy 38, RSS) policies and proposals to promote Each section, where possible, provides: sustainable waste management by • a brief summary of the key issues • Working towards zero growth in the development of the additional proposed policy to address those waste at the regional level by 2016 waste management capacity [as issues illustrated], taking into consideration: • an action plan setting out how the • Reducing the amount of waste sent • The BPEO (Best Practical policy will be delivered to landfill in accordance with the EU Environmental Option) for each • proposed indicators that can be used landfill Directive waste stream to measure progress • Socio-economic implications • proposed long term targets that must • Exceeding Government targets for • The principle of regional self- be achieved if the policy is to be recycling and composting, with the sufficiency effective objective to bring all parts of the • The proximity principle • case studies showing best practice Region up to the levels of current • The waste hierarchy already being demonstrated. best practice These aims and objectives must be Each of these issues should not be • Taking a flexible approach to other framed against the numerous other considered in isolation as there is forms of waste recovery, on the basis statutory and aspirational targets considerable overlap. However, when that technology in this area is relating to waste management which considered as a cohesive whole, the developing very quickly and is have been set out in both the National topics and policies areas aim to difficult to predict over a 20 year and Regional strategies. Planning provide a robust, structured framework period. Policy Statement 10 and the recently for delivery of the strategic aims and revised Waste Strategy 2000 set out objectives. Although numbered for Policy 39 sets out the priorities for the clear aims and objectives which are, in ease of reference, the issues are not Regional Waste Strategy: broad terms, compatible with policy 39 presented in order of priority, but and seek to move towards the should be considered as a suite of Regional Priorities for Waste provision of a strategic framework issues, policies and actions which must Management (Policy 39, RSS): which delivers sustainable waste taken forward in parallel in order to management. Details of PPS10 are set ensure delivery of the strategy. Local Authorities, national, regional and out on page 15 and 16. local bodies should promote a package Further details on the implementation, of policies and proposals that will monitoring and review arrangements result in zero growth in all forms of are provided on page 78 of the controlled waste by 2016. document.
39 Priority Issue 1 PLANNING OUR FUTURE WASTE MANAGEMENT INFRASTRUCTURE
Guidance for the Preparation of Local Development Frameworks and Waste Development Frameworks
Issues required for the Strategy.The policies through their development should contained in this strategy may be include a waste audit covering: The preceding section clearly indicates carried forward into the next revision • the type and volume of waste which that if the various statutory and non- of the Regional Spatial Strategy. would be generated; statutory targets for waste • the steps to be taken to ensure the management are to be met then an Policy areas to be included maximum amount or waste arising extensive range of new waste in Local Development from the development is management and related facilities will Frameworks/ Waste incorporated within the new have to be delivered.The planning Development Frameworks development this should include system has a pivotal role to play in the the provision of temporary facilities provision of the facilities which will be A. Policies which relate to All for recycling where these are required to deliver sustainable waste Local Planning Authorities environmentally acceptable; management. This strategy aims to • the steps to be taken to manage the provide a detailed context against Construction and redevelopment waste that cannot be incorporated which planning policies can be produce significant quantities of waste within the new development and if developed and decisions taken to and, whilst there is already a relatively disposed of elsewhere, the distance facilitate and promote sustainable high proportion of reuse and recycling the waste would be transported; waste management achieving an of such waste on and off-site further • the manner in which the waste appropriate balance between the need improvements need to be encouraged. generated during the use of the for these facilities and protection of the development will be minimised and environment. Local planning authorities should managed to achieve the objectives require developers to provide of sustainable waste management; The policies relate not only to information on the potential the way in which the waste arisings proposals for direct waste treatment or generation of waste from significant identified in the waste audit are to management facilities but encompass development proposals and encourage be dealt with need to be considered a wider perspective of development in the reuse of waste in the development against the other policies of the terms of new housing, commercial and and the ultilisation of reclaimed strategy. industrial proposals and including their materials. construction and use all of which need It is not only the construction phase of to contribute to achieving the aims of Policy RWS 1.1 development which needs to be taken sustainable waste management. All local planning authorities should into account from the waste include policies in their local management viewpoint.The on-going In terms of the development of land development documents to encourage activity associated with the use planning the Regional Waste re-use and recycling in design, development whether it be housing, Strategy needs to be seen to flow from construction and demolition. In offices, retail or industry will generate the principles established in RSS8 particular, planning applications for waste and this needs to be considered Policies 38 and 39, which give a clear developments which are likely to as an integral part of the planning lead to the policy framework which is generate substantial volumes of waste process. It is essential that
40 consideration is given to the provision Policy RWS 1.3 B. Policies which relate to of appropriate facilities for the storage Local planning authorities should Waste Planning Authorities and collection of recyclable materials. provide design guidance to ensure that the separation and collection of waste A principal objective of Government Local authorities should promote a to enhance opportunities for recovery policy is that communities should take sustainable approach to waste or recycling is facilitated consistent more responsibility for their own management by providing information with the type of development waste.This strategy is formulated on and guidance. proposed. In preparing this guidance the basis of waste planning authorities consultation shall be undertaken with or a combination of waste planning Policy RWS 1.2 waste collection authorities and the authorities where they are working All local planning authorities shall appropriate business sectors. together in the preparation of joint include polices in local development development plan documents should documents to require that proposals The availability of waste management make provision for the management of for development which are likely to facilities can often be a positive the waste generated within their areas. generate significant volumes of waste incentive to many types of commercial It is recognised that this will not always during their use should be the subject and industrial development. Such be practicable. Flexibility will be of waste management audits in order benefits as materials exchanges, required to accommodate cross to assess their role in achieving economies of scale in recycling and boundary flows for the treatment of sustainable development and to make treatment can all stem from the specific waste streams where provision for waste sorting, recycling integration of waste management management facilities in other areas and recovery facilities.Waste facilities with other forms of represent either the most appropriate management audits shall be required development. It should also be method for treatment or disposal or connection with developments which recognised that sustainable waste represents the nearest appropriate meet the following criteria: management facilities can provide facility. Appendices 5 and 6 contain an • residential development comprising employment opportunities. indicative apportionment of different 100 or more dwellings; waste streams which will need to be • new development, redevelopment or Policy RWS 1.4 managed in 2010, 2015 and 2020. refurbishment of shopping centres, In the preparation of local These apportionments are based on a commercial development or other development documents all planning simple pro-rata approach reflecting employment uses where the authorities should give consideration existing patterns of waste generation, floorspace of existing and/or new to the development of “waste forecast waste production and development amounts to or exceeds management parks” or “sustainable estimates of the shortfall in 5000sq m; growth parks” to provide a management capacity. • major transport or other comprehensive range of facilities for infrastructure projects, leisure, the recovery, treatment and possible recreation, tourist or community recycling or reprocessing of wastes facilities; where they can meet environmental, • other smaller developments which technical and operational objectives frequently attract a significant and which can lead to a coordinated number of people (community or approach to waste management shopping schemes) or which in preferably in conjunction with other conjunction with other development forms of development. are likely to have an substantial impact on waste management issues.
41 Policy RWS 1.5 Policy RWS 1.6 of Outstanding Natural Beauty and In accordance with Planning Policy Waste planning authorities should National Parks may need to be Statement 10 : Planning and make provision for hazardous waste considered. Development Plan Sustainable Waste Management: waste transfer, treatment and disposal documents will need to provide development plan documents should capacity in the context of regional and specific justification for such make provision for waste management national needs. development. capacity equivalent to the amount of waste generated and requiring The Government’s Planning Policy Policy RWS 1.7 management within their areas, taking Statement 10: Planning for Sustainable Waste development plan documents into account where appropriate needs Waste Management highlights the should allocate specific sites for a arising from strategic growth areas. urgent need to bring forward new range of types and scales of waste Waste planning authorities should co- waste management facilities if the management facilities giving priority operate in preparing waste objectives of sustainable waste to safeguarding and expanding development plan documents and the management are to be achieved. appropriate sites with existing waste provision of capacity to allow some Development plan documents are management use and acceptable flexibility in relation to the movement, required to identify where new waste transport arrangements. treatment and disposal of waste.The management capacity should be indicative requirement for additional located to meet the requirements The suitability of sites should be capacity is identified in Appendices 5 which will be set out in the Regional assessed against the following criteria: and 6. Plan, which will be informed by this • proximity to existing or major new or strategy. Meeting these challenging planned development; Recent changes in the legislative national and regional waste diversion • good transport connections with controls and definition of hazardous targets requires development plan preference given to rail and water; waste are having a significant effect on documents to be site specific wherever • compatible land uses; namely the management of this waste stream possible. In order to minimise haulage • active mineral working sites; with associated uncertainty over both distances new facilities will often need • previous or existing industrial land the volumes and methods which may to be close to urban areas. However, use; be required over the strategy period. because of the competition for sites • contaminated or derelict land; The principle adopted in this strategy and potential opposition it may be land adjoining sewage treatment is that as far as practicable the region necessary for waste management works; should take responsibility for the facilities to be developed on the urban • locally based environmental and treatment and disposal of the fringe or in the countryside. Some amenity criteria. hazardous waste generated within the waste management activities such as region. However, because of the nature composting may be appropriate in In rural sub-areas, development plan of some of the materials and the need such rural locations. A flexible documents should provide a network for specialist treatment which may only approach may be appropriate to of suitable waste management be available in other regions this may secure other environmental benefits facilities to serve local centres of not always be possible. such as the restoration of mineral population with more strategic workings. In order to achieve a suitable facilities accessible to an appropriate pattern of waste management facilities catchment area. In appropriate throughout the region, development in circumstances these developments the green belt and exceptionally, Areas could use redundant farm buildings
42 and their cartilages, providing the rural approach that permits the highest Most waste management facilities, character is maintained, in terms of levels of recycling and recovery of particularly landfill sites, are temporary scale, visual appearance and intensity materials and wherever possible and it is essential that they are properly of use. Development in the open includes the distribution of heat and restored at the end of their active lives. countryside, including green belt and, power. Traditionally landfill has secured the exceptionally, the national park and restoration of mineral working sites Areas of Outstanding National Beauty Policy RWS 1.8 usually to agriculture. Opportunities do should not be precluded where this is Waste development plan documents however exist for more imaginative consistent with communities taking and municipal waste management restoration schemes such as habitat more responsibility for their own strategies should encourage the creation which can contribute towards waste. development of advanced recovery meeting biodiversity targets, new technologies as part of an integrated woodland and the provision of public The need to move towards more approach to waste management. All amenity and recreational facilities. Such sustainable waste management is proposed facilities should operate to after-uses can help to deliver other bringing forward a number of new the highest standards and should regional objectives. technologies not all of which are yet maximise the practicable recovery, wholly proven.Their continued recycling or composting of materials if Policy RWS 1.9 development is essential if the this has not already been carried out. Waste development plan documents challenging targets currently facing the should secure high standards of UK and the region are to be achieved. Proposed thermal facilities should, restoration and, where appropriate, the Thermal treatment of mixed waste for wherever practicable, aim to aftercare of waste management energy or heat generation is a proven incorporate combined generation and facilities to contribute to objectives of technology.Whilst there are concerns distribution of heat and power. the regional spatial strategy that these plants may detract from particularly those relating to other forms of recycling or recovery, biodiversity, recreation and amenity. modern thermal treatment solutions should be seen as part of an integrated
43 Case Study
The Sustainable Growth Parks A Materials Reprocessing Zone The provision of segregation and (SGP) concept • Tenant (or freehold) businesses who collection services by Local Authorities can reprocess waste material is only half the answer. Developing In concept a Sustainable Growth Park • Feed off material generated in the uses and markets for recyclate (SGP) is a prestigious, modern, clean Materials Handling Zone and/or…. completes the loop. The SGP concept industrial park on which waste • Import materials onto site from other could therefore provide quality handling and segregation facilities are sources secondary materials in a cost effective co-located with reprocessors on the manner to reprocessors immediately principal that one firm’s waste is A Business Innovation and available on site, who will employ local another’s raw material.The Park also Incubation Centre people to create added value incorporates an Innovation Centre • Office or workshop accommodation products.The Park will look like any aimed at incubating and supporting for small existing or start-up modern clean industrial site as there new businesses and ideas as well as businesses with innovative would be no open-air storage of stimulating environmental education recycling/environmental ideas recyclates. and awareness raising. • Access to business support Partnerships with Universities and The SGP concept is being promoted The conceptual SGP has 3 zones:- other bodies offering R&D facilities by Urban Mines, an environmental Education Centre and meeting room charity, working in partnership with a A Materials Handling Zone facilities wide range of public, private and • Receipt of waste from domestic and voluntary bodies. industrial sources • Segregation and sorting into various materials streams • Public civic amenity facility
44 Priority Issue 2 AWARENESS RAISING, EDUCATION AND PROMOTION OF BEST PRACTICE TO ACHIEVE BEHAVIOURAL CHANGE
Issues AWARENESS RAISING/ The overarching aim of the waste EDUCATION/ strategy is to prevent the generation of PROMOTING BEST PRACTICE all wastes at source.The plentiful supply of cheap landfill capacity in the UK to date - particularly in the East Midlands has, amongst other factors, BEHAVIOUR CHANGE contributed to a false sense of security based on the ease and apparent low cost of dealing with our waste.This situation will not exist in future and the MEASURES TO INCENTIVISE INFRASTRUCTURE BEHAVIOUR CHANGE region must therefore accept that REQUIREMENTS (esp. financial/regulatory) significant behavioural change is required if we are to reduce the Priority 2 workstream amount of waste we produce - and Delivery mechanism manage what waste we do produce - Infl uence/communication sustainably in future. There is currently a lot of activity and • A process of mapping all the key Behavioural change is brought about good practice in the East Midlands, audiences, messages and deliverers by a number of interlinking factors. with a significant number of A structured approach to tackling key Certain infrastructure must be there organisations involved in targeting audiences, ensuring that deliverers (e.g. twin bins to allow recycling), and different audiences such as work co-operatively, without other measures such as financial householders and businesses. However duplication, and that gaps are filled incentives (e.g. landfill tax) and there is no regional co-ordination of • A consistency of message, based on regulation (e.g. the Packaging such activity, and there is a danger good information and proven Directive) can also play a major role. both of duplication and of leaving technology However a third element – awareness significant gaps.There is a need to • An innovative approach to raising, education and the promotion ensure that messages are consistent, communication, with a strong of good practice, is becoming delivered in the most effective and emphasis on market segmentation, increasingly important.This is the innovative way possible. Furthermore understanding the audience, and scope of this priority chapter.The there may be significant benefit in tailoring both the message and the infrastructure and other measures some campaigns being organised, means of delivery to the target required to incentivise behaviour funded and delivered at the regional audience. Marketing skills will be change are covered in the other level. Ensuring that attitudes and required. relevant sections of this strategy, behaviour change quickly and • An emphasis on long term sustained although the messages put out in effectively will require structured and measured progress, rather than awareness campaigns must clearly programmes to provide: short term, high profile, unsustained both reflect the available infrastructure campaigns, the benefits of which and regulatory/financial framework. cannot be substantiated.
45 • Significant resources – properly run Target audiences will include: Policy RWS 2 campaigns will not be cheap but • Large businesses Regional and local partners will work should provide major savings in the • As a particular subset, those subject together to promote positive and longer term to the Packaging Regulations permanent behavioural change • A regional steering and coordination • Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) amongst target groups, bringing about group to undertake performance and micro-businesses year-on-year reductions in waste management and monitoring of the • Householders production at source, and encouraging programme • The farming and agricultural sustainable waste management community practice for all waste that does arise. This will enable: • The construction and demolition • Improved delivery of education on industry sustainable consumption and waste • Waste management companies issues in all levels of formal education • Schools, Further Education • Targeted education for adult age Corporations and Higher Education groups to influence a reduction in Institutions domestic waste arisings and adoption • Public sector bodies, including Health of good waste management practice Trusts, local authorities and • Education and adoption of improved government agencies. practice for businesses and industry addressing skills, commercial This may best be achieved through the pressures, resource efficiency, development of a regional waste sustainable consumption and awareness campaign, linking to related corporate social responsibility (CSR). regional and national energy and • Coordinated promotion of good environmental campaigns, such as “buy practice recycled” and “recycle now”.
46 Action Plan
Links to other plans/ Proposed Action Timescale Lead Partner Other Partners strategies
Bring together a regional waste awareness-raising group, drawn from Dec 2006 EMRA emda, GOEM National Sustainable WDA’s WCA’s regional bodies, the waste management industry, the WCA’s, WDA’s Development Strategy education and voluntary sectors Environment Agency, WRAP National Waste Strategy Envirowise
Form Regional group to audit existing waste awareness activity in the March EMRA emda, GOEM National Sustainable Region and map main audiences and deliverers 2006 WCA’s, WDA’s Development Strategy Environment Agency, WRAP National Waste Strategy Envirowise
Arising from the audit, to develop a regional waste awareness strategy July 2006 EMRA emda, GOEM National Sustainable setting out: WCA’s, WDA’s Development Strategy • Strategic goals and targets Environment • Benchmarks Agency, WRAP National Waste Strategy • Action plan designed to: Envirowise
a) Coordinate activity within the Region b) identify and spread good practice c) fi ll gaps d) identify opportunities for regionally administered campaigns
• A performance management regime
Regional group to develop funding bids to enable delivery of the Ongoing EMRA emda, GOEM National Sustainable strategy WCA’s, WDA’s Development Strategy Environment Agency, WRAP National Waste Strategy Envirowise
Regional group to develop strategic with wider regional initiatives Ongoing EMRA emda, GOEM National Sustainable particularly those related to more general business behaviour change, WCA’s, WDA’s Development Strategy business support, procurement and curriculum development within Environment the formal education sector. Agency, WRAP National Waste Strategy Envirowise
Regional group to develop links to government departments and Ongoing EMRA emda, GOEM National Sustainable national waste campaigns to ensure synergy at the regional level and WCA’s, WDA’s Development Strategy maximise funding opportunities. In particular the identifi cation of the Environment 2006 Beacon Councils for waste and recycling will provide a major Agency, WRAP National Waste Strategy opportunity particularly if one or more East Midlands authorities are Envirowise successful.
Regional waste awareness group to report back on progress on a 6- By end EMRA emda, GOEM National Sustainable monthly basis to the RTAB and annually to the Regional Planning Board. 2006 WCA’s, WDA’s Development Strategy Environment Agency, WRAP National Waste Strategy Envirowise
47 Outcome Indicators • The tonnage of MSW and household waste arisings by District/Unitary Council • The tonnage of MSW and household waste recycled/composted by District/Unitary Council • The tonnage of C&I waste arisings for the East Midlands by industry sector
Targets • Zero growth in controlled wastes from 2016 • MSW arisings will not exceed the predicted 2.96 million tonnes per annum as at 2021.
Case Studies
Leicestershire Waste Partnership - higher value equipment, like a Mac Regional local authority media The Three ‘R’s in Schools computer (5750 points) campaign In March and December 2003 a Recycling Rewards for Schools is a Pupils can win prizes too. By asking number of Midlands local authorities new initiative from the Leicestershire their parents to help them persuade got together to fund a generic and Waste Partnership (a partnership of family and friends to sign a pledge Christmas recycling television local authorities) designed to help and nominate their school, pupils can campaign which was broadcast in the improve levels of recycling across the earn trendy new finger bands and ITV Central Television region. The region.The scheme, which was piloted wrist bands in the national recycle campaigns ran for 14 days and from 1st October 2005 to 31st March green and bearing the national recycle delivered around 120 adult TVR’s 2006, asks local people to pledge, or logo. Also, the best performing pupil (Television Ratings). It is planned to promise, to recycle their household from each participating school, in repeat the activity in future and also waste and nominate a school whom terms of pledges collected, will win for to run campaigns on trains, buses and they would like to benefit from their themselves an MP3 player. using local radio. pledge. As people in the region keep their pledge and begin to recycle, Nottinghamshire County Council - Nottinghamshire Schools Waste points will be distributed across local Householder Incentive Scheme Action Club (SWAC) primary schools, based on the number (H.I.S) Nottinghamshire Schools Waste of pledges they have received and the Local causes and charities are to Action Club (SWAC) is a partnership amount of rubbish being recycled. benefit from a trial incentive scheme between Nottinghamshire County being tested in Nottinghamshire to Council, Nottingham City Council, This means that the more pledges a encourage more people to reduce Nottinghamshire District Councils and school collects, the more points they their waste and recycle more. In areas Waste Recycling Environmental. It will be awarded as part of the scheme. selected for the trial the community involves an innovative programme of These points can then be exchanged could earn £15 for each tonne of awareness raising and support activity for valuable equipment from a waste they reduce and £5 for each for schools, including waste audits, Recycling Rewards catalogue.There extra tonne of waste recycled.The recycling facilities, teacher training, are lots of items to choose from, with money raised would then be curriculum resources, events and different point values, so schools can dedicated to a number of worthy publicity. choose to redeem their points for low causes decided by the local value items such as digital cameras community (350 points) or save them up for
48 Priority Issue 3 IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF OUR RESOURCE,THE REDUCTION AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL WASTE
Issues practices to reduce the additional There are a number of initiatives impacts of those costs. However, already taking place around the region 40% of the waste we produce in the businesses within the region need to through which businesses are realising East Midlands comes from commercial adopt a more innovative approach that the commercial and wider community and industrial sources, including a moves away from being “reactive” to benefits of efficient and clean working proportion of hazardous wastes.The being “proactive” - to prevent or practices, which aim to cut waste at East Midlands Development Agency minimise waste at source through source, minimise and recycle. Examples have identified that in 2002 the East improved productivity measures, include Toyota Motor Manufacturing Midlands ranked 49th out of the 77 EU corporate social responsibility and UK Ltd in Derbyshire and Experian in Regions in terms of the waste supply chain initiatives, all of which will Nottingham.There are also a number produced and energy use per unit GVA, also realise improved commercial of broader business support projects and 7th of the 9 English Regions. performance. and initiatives aimed at helping Previous research by the East Midlands business to take the necessary steps to Development Agency has found that The Envirowise programme has shift to more sustainable and efficient there is also a lack of businesses in the demonstrated that waste can cost an working practices.The issue now is to region with certified Environmental average manufacturing company 4% engage business with the right Management Systems, suggesting that of its turnover per year and that commercial message, providing commerce and industry in the region environmental best practice can justified reason for changing practices - has not seen waste management or reduce these costs by as much as aligned with commercial drivers, as broader sustainable development 50%.With total manufacturing opposed to focussing purely on issues as a priority. turnover in the Region of £36.9 environmental gain. billion, this indicates that industry As legislative changes (such as the could, in theory, reduce costs by Certain industrial sectors in the region introduction of controls on hazardous £700 million through the adoption have considerable opportunities to waste disposal and the landfill tax of environmental best-practice – improve their performance. In escalator) significantly increase the thereby significantly enhancing particular the East Midlands has a cost of waste management, businesses industrial competitiveness in the thriving food and drink industry. will, of course, seek to change their Region (Source: EMDA) Recent research by the Chilled Food
49 Association (CFA) has shown that CFA However, due to their size and available Policy RWS 3 member food and drink installations in resources few are likely to have Regional and local partners will work the East Midlands produce in excess of considered issues such as resource together to ensure that: 35% of the waste of all members in the efficiency or waste management UK (see the website for full details).This beyond the absolute basic • Significant, progressive reduction in figure gives a strong indication of the requirements. In delivering this priority, commercial and industrial waste impact this sector has on the region’s effective engagement with both micro arisings should be achieved through C&I waste stream. Of particular concern and small/medium businesses is vital. improved resource efficiency of key for the food and drink industry is the sectors in the East Midlands regional need for alternative capacity for the The Government has recognised that economy, in line with current best management of biodegradeable the UK cannot continue to make practice. wastes controlled under the Animal By- economic progress if the effect is that Product Regulations 2003. such progress will have increasingly •Demand for sustainable waste detrimental impacts on society and the management techniques by The retail sector also significantly environment. A national framework has commerce, industry and public contributes to waste arisings in the therefore now been published to “de- administration should be stimulated Region and supply chain initiatives couple” economic development from through commercial drivers such could be used to develop improved environmental degradation. as supply chain initiatives, performance in this sector. corporate social responsibility, Addressing these issues in the East industrial symbiosis and good According to Small Business Service Midlands will require the deployment procurement practice. statistics, 94% of firms in the Region of significant, targeted resources, are micro-businesses employing less particularly to influence procurement than 10 people.These concerns behaviour and supply chains within collectively employ 703,000 workers the region to promote the adoption of and therefore make a significant improved practices. contribution to Region’s economy.
50 Action Plan
(Ongoing actions are shown in normal print, new proposed actions in red)
Lead Links to other plans/ Proposed Action Timescale Other Partners Partner strategies
Deliver an effective suite of business support Development emda GOEM, Environment Agency East Midlands Regional projects to key sectors and supply chains underway, (through NetRegs) Environment Strategy reporting December 2007 Examples of providers operating in the Region include: embren, BEST Network, Envirowise, Carbon Trust, WRAP. Environmental Technology Centre, EMBEC Nottingham Energy Partnership PECT, And other providers
Establish links with and identify opportunities to Ongoing emda NISP, EA, EMRA ensure active delivery of the NISP programme RTAB, CBI, EMBREN within the East Midlands Envirowise
Establish a coordinated network of providers Mapping exercise embren emda aligned with business needs, which includes to be completed Business Link mapping of coverage to help inform regional Jan 2006 All providers agencies and providers
Stimulate a demand for high quality business To be emda Major public sector organisations, support through CSR and Supply Chain commenced by inc LAs, NHS etc initiatives Dec 2006 Major Private sector corporates
East Mids Regional Centre of Procurement Excellence
Business Support Providers
East Midlands Business Resource Effi ciency Network (EMBREN)
EMRA, GOEM, CBI
Commission study into a regional business Initial report by emda CBI, EMRA, GOEM award/commitment scheme to help inform Dec 2006 CSR development and to work alongside formal EMS systems
Increase in the number of organisations with a Commenced emda GOEM, EMRA Regional Economic recognised EMS (inc business) or comparable To be reviewed Strategy, Refer to corporate commitment to action to reduce waste annually Priority Issue 2
Review regional data on commercial and Sept 2006 RTAB EA, emda, EMRA industrial waste exports from the region. Waste Management Companies Develop action plan to reduce C&I waste exports. March 2007 Local Authorities
Implement action to ensure a signifi cant March 2010 reduction in waste exports and ensure long term vision of regional self suffi ciency is realised.
51 Outcome Indicators • The tonnage of C&I waste arisings • Waste and Energy use per unit Gross Value Added (GVA) for East Midlands Industry and Commerce • Key public sector procurement indicators will identified through the East Midlands Centre for procurement excellence • The number of East Midlands organisations certified to, or working towards an accredited Environmental Management System (including ISO14001, EMAS and BS8555) or system of similar standard.
Targets • The tonnage of commercial and industrial waste arisings will not exceed 7.5 million tonnes per annum as at 2021 • Energy and Waste per unit GVA for East Midlands Industry and Commerce to be ranked within the top 20 EU Regions by 2010.
Case Studies
East Midlands Business Resource Examples of current activity in the CW-IC, Cut Waste - Improve Efficiency Network Region include: Competitiveness, Is a partnership waste minimisation With funding from emda and The BEST Network initiative operating in delivered by Business Links in the BEST is a joint project between Northamptonshire. CW-IC offers free Region a network has been environmental and business waste and energy audits and training established to co-ordinate consultants from the School of and advice on waste, energy and environmental business support Science at The Nottingham Trent environmental issues to encourage activity across the East Midlands. University and key partners from more local businesses to reap the across the East Midlands that include benefits of good environmental EMBREN will co-ordinate providers of the East Midlands Development practice. environmental business support – Agency, Experian and Loreus Ltd.The providing a single gateway to access BEST Network aims to ensure that The project won the best Waste environmental support, information businesses in the East Midlands Minimisation Project Award in the and advice. EMBREN will establish a remain future facing and competitive. National Recycling Awards 2002 and common agenda across the BEST helps businesses work towards has already helped Northamptonshire environmental business support implementing an environmental companies make savings of over £1.3 network and encourage cross working management system (EMS) in line million. between support organisations in the with the British Standard BS8555 and East Midlands. EMBREN will also ISO 14001. review new bids for funding to ensure that any new project meets the needs Through the life of the project, BEST of the Region and its businesses. aims to assist 325 businesses.
52 Hawthornes Printers, Nottingham temperature for safety and quality Loma Scientific, a leading A print and media services company reasons, there is a need to monitor the manufacturer of specialised in Nottingham, Hawthornes decided core temperature of the products. A monitoring and measuring work towards an ISO14001 typical method of measurement is the instruments for the food industry Environmental Management System, use of thermo-couple based agreed to manufacture and market and achieved accreditation in March temperature probes.These are this technology.The instrument called 2000 after just 18 months. Operational inserted in to the food products which ‘Celsius’ is now marketed worldwide changes to reduce environmental render the products unsaleable.These by Loma Scientific for non-invasive impact have included: products are therefore disposed of as measurement of temperature in waste.The product loss has been chilled and frozen foods. • Improved systems for disposal of estimated to exceed half a million waste solvents and bulk waste pounds each year for Northern Foods. The benefits of this innovative chemical storage, significantly technology are: reducing waste management costs There was therefore a need for a non- • Reduction/elimination of product • Installation of water recycling units invasive temperature monitoring wastage. on wash equipment resulting in 1 technique. A microwave based • Continuous monitoring of core food days worth of water being recycled technique is used in medical temperature thus giving increased and re-used for up to 1 month applications for non-invasive safety and quality assurance. • Recycling and re-use schemes to measuring of temperature in the • Cost saving. reduce the amount of solid waste human body.The technique known as requiring disposal Microwave Radiometry has been a Toyota Manufacturing (UK) Ltd, Sustainability has become part of the subject of further research at Glasgow Burnaston, Derbyshire company’s culture, gaining genuine University. Glasgow University, Toyota Motor Manufacturing (UK) Ltd commitment and involvement from therefore, seemed an ideal partner for has a major car production plant in the company’s staff. Northern Foods to exploit the use of the Region, sited at Burnaston in this technique in food products. As a Derbyshire.The site employees 4573 Northern Foods – waste result of this collaborative project, a people and produces 285,000 Avensis minimisation through innovation prototype instrument was developed and Corolla cars each year." TMUK’s Northern Foods is a leading food by Glasgow University which environmental policy of waste producer in the UK employing more measured the microwave energy reduction and resource conservation than 21,000 people in approximately emitted by the food product and has achieved its goal of sending zero 40 manufacturing sites, including in converted this into a temperature waste to landfill. the East Midland region. Its annual reading.This prototype was turnover in 2003 was £1.4 billion. It is thoroughly and successfully tested for In December 2000 the company also regarded as an innovative accuracy of measurement by created an ‘Environmental Action Plan’ business. In addition to accepted Nottingham based Northern Foods with the aim achieving the best waste minimisation practices, it has Technical Services in a range of food environmental performance in the UK employed innovation as a means to products and in different of all car manufacturing plants. The achieve waste minimisation. environmental conditions. plan, which covers the 2001-2005 To ensure that the chilled food period, outlined strategic products are kept at the required environmental performance goals
53 based upon ongoing benchmarks and waste that couldn’t be eliminated was for thermal treatment with energy key performance indicators. to be used or recycled and thirdly recovery. waste that could not be re-used or As part of the plan,TMUK set the recycled had to be treated to reduce Key environmental responsibilities are challenge of reducing waste to landfill its environmental impact. included in TMUK’s induction and generated per vehicle from 8.5kg in training programmes and all of 2001 to zero by 2005. A further target A large contributor to landfill waste business partners to make was saving water resources across the was sludge from the paint environmental protection a top plants and reducing energy usage per department. A study of waste showed priority, by issuing Environmental car and plant emissions which impact that it contained a large amount of Purchasing Guidelines. on global warming. water. The introduction of a centrifuge reduced the water content of the TMUK was the first UK based car For Toyota, environmental protection sludge and then pumped the water manufacturer to gain ISO 14001 is one of the keys to sustainable back into the paint ponds for re-use. accreditation for its management development.TMUK set itself a After investigation it was identified processes in 1996. Suppliers have also number of environmental targets, that the remaining dried residue could been encouraged to achieve including waste reduction and be used in the production of cement. ISO14001. resource conservation, reduction of substances of environmental concern This innovative use of the waste Impacts: – reducing the release of volatile process not only avoids landfill but As a result of the environmentally organic compounds (VOC) and also conserves natural resources for focused activity general waste was substances of concern (SOC) during the future by reducing the amount of reduced by 2.1 kg per car, paint waste the manufacturing process. natural aggregate extracted from was reduced by 4.7 kg per car and quarries each year. Further large scale hazardous waste was reduced by 1.7 TMUK approached its challenging improvement in waste reduction has kg per car. In total this activity has waste reduction goal in three stages. been the utilisation of high calorific eliminated 1818 tonnes of waste First reducing waste volume, secondly hazardous waste, such as paint sealer committed to landfill per year.
54 Priority Issue 4 PREVENTION AND IMPROVED MANAGEMENT OF HAZARDOUS WASTES
Issues Region will be fully self-sufficient in the Anecdotal evidence suggests that the management of this waste, the East cost of hazardous waste management The management of hazardous wastes Midlands should aim to ensure that has tripled since the regulatory change changed significantly in 2004/5 hazardous waste management in 2004, thereby placing a particular through the implementation of the capacity is developed and maintained financial focus on this issue for Landfill Directive and Hazardous Waste at a level equivalent to Regional hazardous waste producers. Regulations 2005 (replacing the Special hazardous waste arisings – and appeals Waste Regulations 1996) and the List of to other English Regions to adopt a Policy RWS 4 Waste Regulations 2005. similar approach. Regional and local partners will work together to ensure that: The Landfill Directive ended the co- Due to the national nature of disposal of hazardous and non- hazardous waste management as a • A year on year reduction of the hazardous wastes from 16 July 2004, result of the changing regulatory tonnage of hazardous waste arisings reducing the number of landfill sites regime, it may not always be practical should be achieved, based on a accepting hazardous waste in the UK to manage the waste close to the benchmark to be set following the from around 240 to as few as 14 source of production in line with “the introduction of the Hazardous Waste nationally.This reduction has been proximity principle”. Regulations 2005, through the reflected in the East Midlands – up to reduction in the use of hazardous date details of sites accepting The majority of hazardous wastes in products as part of manufacturing hazardous wastes can be found on the the East Midlands are generated by processes, in finished products, and in Environment Agency website. Pre- commercial and industrial premises the management and remediation of treatment of hazardous wastes is now and from the redevelopment of contaminated land. required prior to disposal in landfill contaminated brownfield sites (in the and, further to implementation of the form of contaminated soils – see also • The re-use, recovery and treatment Waste Acceptance Criteria (WAC) in Priority Issues 7 and 8). Although capacity for hazardous wastes should July 2005, those pre-treatment relatively small by comparison, be increased in order to ensure that standards have been increased. At the householders and also generate the majority of the hazardous wastes same time, the range of wastes significant amounts of hazardous that arise within the Region can be classified as hazardous has increased materials (although these are not managed within the Region by 2021 due to the changes to the European regulated as such). where it is appropriate to do so, and Commission’s hazardous wastes list, in line with the increasingly limited and therefore the number of producers The tonnage of hazardous waste availability of hazardous landfill void of hazardous waste has increased. produced in the East Midlands may space. have increased following the The increasing legislative control on introduction of the Landfill Directive • A strategic approach is taken at the the remaining hazardous waste landfill measures. However, this is not a result regional and sub-regional level to sites in the East Midlands Region of more waste being produced, but the ensure the provision of appropriate places increased pressure on the expansion in the types of waste that facilities for the sustainable available void space in those facilities. are classed as hazardous.This increase management of the Region’s This is likely to be compounded by the in tonnage is likely to increase further hazardous waste arisings and to lack of available void space in other as more materials – for example as identify potential increases in parts of the UK, resulting in increased waste electronics and electrical hazardous waste arisings as a result inter-regional movement of hazardous equipment (WEEE) and end of life of major new developments.` wastes. Although it is unlikely – and in vehicles (ELVs) legislation is many cases inappropriate that any implemented.
55 Action Plan
Links to other plans/ Proposed Action Timescale Lead Partner Other Partners strategies
Establishment of a Regional Hazardous waste By Dec 2006 RTAB Environment Agency forum aligned with business needs, with the brief to: Hazardous waste • inform regional and local producers bodies and waste management service providers on strategic Waste Management management of hazardous wastes, companies
• set benchmarks for waste Business Link/embren reduction based on the Hazardous Waste Regulations 2005. Local Authorities
• ensure the development of the required hazardous recovery and treatment capacity to meet the identifi ed needs of the East Midlands Region, where appropriate
A package of measures will be developed By Dec 2006 emda EMBEC/embren This action should be and delivered to promote ‘clean design’ cross-referenced with the through supply chain initiatives and Major public sector action plan for Priority hazardous waste minimisation amongst organisations, inc LAs, Issue 3 producers NHS etc
Major Private sector corporates
Envirowise
RTAB
Environment Agency
RCE
Business Support Providers
East Midlands Business Resource Effi ciency Network
EMRA, GOEM, CBI
56 Outcome Indicators • The tonnage of hazardous wastes arising per annum in the East Midlands Region • The capacity of hazardous waste treatment facilities by WPA • The tonnage of hazardous waste imported to/exported from the East Midlands Region
Targets • Hazardous waste arisings should not exceed 287,000 tonnes per annum by 2021 (subject to revision following implementation of the Hazardous Waste Regulations 2005) • The Regional capacity for the treatment or disposal of hazardous wastes should be maintained at a level equivalent to the tonnage of hazardous wastes arising within the Region,allowing for inter-regional movements of these wastes to appropriate treatment or disposal facilities.
Case Study
Angrave’s Cane Furniture Ltd, where a Local Air Pollution Control This represents a reduction in use of Leicestershire (LAPC) authorization would be 2679 litres p.a. and a cost saving of required. £3337.5 p.a. In addition, there has Approach to waste minimisation: been an associated reduction in the Being a small company with 54 staff It was decided that to prevent further disposal of empty thinner tins at a cost has not prevented Angrave’s from potential costs in legal compliance of £150 p.a.The switch to a water- making a commitment to minimise and to reduce costs, water based based thinner has also bought a waste and environment impact alternatives would be investigated. A reduction in VOC usage of 3378kg p.a. associated with their processes. They water based stain alternative was have shown that it is possible for discovered and is now being used. Future waste minimisation SME’s to make savings as a result of opportunities: waste minimisation, working with the Before making the switch, 75 litres of The company plans to change to 3 assistance of local initiative - the the solvent-based thinner was being water based matt, satin and gloss Leicestershire Waste Minimisation used every 2-3 weeks but with the lacquers if possible in the future. This Association (LWMA). water-based option, only 25 litres are will further reduce the volume of being used. This has resulted in VOCs used by Angraves. Waste minimisation initiative savings in raw material costs and implemented: Change from solvent- disposal costs of empty tins. based lacquer to water based lacquer: Results: From the information gathered by an The solvent-based process used 4009 LWMA facilitator for a waste review litres/year at £1.25/litre = £5,000 report, it was noted that the volume of The new water-based process uses Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC’s) 1330 litres/year at £1.25/litre = used was reaching the threshold point £1662.5
57 Priority Issue 5 PREVENTION AND IMPROVED MANAGEMENT OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTES
Issues evidence that failure to deliver the of the need to set an example, required solutions may result in far measures should be taken to ensure Local Authorities are under more higher medium to long-term costs for that waste arisings are minimised from pressure than ever before to compost, the authorities than if the solutions are these facilities. recycle or recover the waste that they provided. collect.With the introduction of the Although local authorities carry Landfill Allowance Trading Scheme One barrier to progress may be the responsibility for achieving (see page 22), Councils also now face geographical and administrative Government recycling targets, the significant additional financial restrictions of two-tier local authorities. potentially significant contribution that penalties if they do not comply with Although local authorities in all East the voluntary and social enterprise the requirement to reduce the Midlands counties now have (or are sectors can make to the delivery of proportion of biodegradable waste developing) joint waste management MSW management as set out in Policy sent to landfill.Whilst implementing strategies, many Councils effectively RWS 12 should be recognised. schemes to increase the diversion of still operate in isolation.This may stifle the recyclable and compostable the adoption of best practice and Policy RWS 5 materials from landfill, local authorities potential economies of scale that could All local authorities in the East must now also now plan for the future be achieved through cross-boundary, Midlands, working with Regional and recovery, treatment or disposal of or even a sub-regional approach. local partners will: residual wastes. The funding and development of the a) Adopt waste prevention as a first Although the East Midlands includes new facilities required may also be priority in Municipal Waste some of the best performing restricted by the existing physical Management Strategies authorities in the UK, others require the separation of facilities to manage MSW rapid development of their services to and C&I wastes.This issue must be b) Seek to exceed statutory, non- meet even short-term Government addressed to ensure that solutions statutory and best value performance targets. Even those who are making implemented deliver environmental targets for the re-use, recycling or good progress still face a need to outcomes that also meet the composting of municipal solid wastes, dramatically increase in their recovery objectives of this strategy. embracing opportunities for cross- and recycling rates to hit the future boundary regional and sub-regional targets.The targets for MSW as set out An important issue is the part played working to ensure economies of scale in the Regional Spatial Strategy and by public-sector facilities within the are achieved this strategy exceed those set by region – such as schools and colleges, central Government.There is therefore local regional and national c) Ensure that residual MSW that increasing demand for targeted, government or civil service offices, cannot be recycled or composted is concerted and ongoing practical and leisure facilities etc - as significant managed in a sustainable manner in financial support for authorities in the contributors to MSW arisings. Because accordance with the waste hierarchy. region to ensure that progress is made. this is often within the management The need for future resources should control of partner local authorities and also be considered in light of the clear agencies to this strategy, and because
58 Action Plan
Links to other plans/ Proposed Action Timescale Lead Partner Other Partners strategies
Linking to actions as set out in Priority Review of targets in MWMS GOEM RTAB Local Authority Issue 2, to raise awareness on the as per scheduled review Municipal Waste importance of waste reduction and programme Local Authorities Management achieve behavioural change in order to Strategies/Recycling reduce future growth in MSW arisings. Midlands Waste Plans Individual authorities Municipal Waste Management Forum Management Strategies should ensure targets are set to achieve regional targets. GOEM
Develop integrated waste management Opportunities for GOEM Local Authorities strategies that harmonise service harmonisation to be RTAB contracts between Unitary, Waste identifi ed by January 2007. GOEM Collection and Waste Disposal Authorities MWMS to be amended as to take advantage of economies of scale per review programme Midlands Waste for collection, treatment and disposal Management Forum contracts.
Local Authorities are to adopt best All Districts to meet Govt GOEM Local Authorities practice in kerbside collection to Kerbside Recycling targets. RTAB maximise the potential of source WIP separated recyclable waste and to GOEM minimise the quantity of residual waste requiring disposal. WRAP (ROTATE Programme)
Raise awareness with Local Planners, Regional delivery forum to RTAB Local Authorities WIP Programme Environmental Offi cers, Elected Members be established by December and the Public, of the advantages and 2006 GOEM disadvantages of new and developing waste management technologies as emda alternatives to landfi ll. On a regional level, authorities will identify opportunities to work together to procure such Environment Agency technologies to take advantage of economies of scale and to ensure employment of the most sustainable waste management solution.
Create local authority Member/Offi cer By December 2006 GOEM RTAB groups to share best practice in waste Local Authorities reduction, recycling/composting LARAC methods and to encourage closer joint WRAP/WIP operational waste management schemes, EMRA providing a support framework to assist poor-performing authorities. Report progress and participate in an annual East Midlands Regional Waste Management Conference arranged by EMRA.
All local authorities to ensure that Consistency to be ensured EMRA Local Authorities Municipal Waste Management Strategies from the fi rst date of review and Waste/Local Development of MWMS. RTAB Frameworks are consistent with the East Midlands Regional Waste Strategy and Reporting to be in place for GOEM RSS. Authorities should participate in year 2005/6. monitoring schemes to report individual Environment Agency progress
59 Outcome Indicators • Tonnage of MSW arisings per annum by District/Unitary/County Council. • Tonnage of MSW recycled or composted by District/Unitary/County Council. • Tonnage of new MSW recycling/recovery capacity granted planning consent. • Tonnage of MSW diverted from landfill by District/Unitary/County Council (if available)
Targets Achievement of RSS8 Policy 39 targets as a minimum: • Zero growth in MSW by 2016. • All Waste Collection Authorities and Waste Disposal Authorities should achieve a minimum target for the recycling and composting of MSW of - 30% by 2010 - 50% by 2015 • Waste Disposal Authorities in the Region to ensure they operate within the proposed LATS allowances for the landfilling of biodegradable MSW.
Case Study
Melton Borough Council Recycling Regular fortnightly green 'garden' Recycling Ollerton and Boughton Service waste kerbside collections for all (ROB), Sherwood Energy Village, Notts residents, introduced in 1998, have ROB is a Social Enterprise providing Melton Borough Council has also played a significant part in the local kerbside paper, can and developed an integrated waste service boroughs leading waste recycling and cardboard recycling collections. A provision for its customers with a clear recovery achievements. Essentially it green waste composting scheme has focus on recycling and waste is this combination of significant also been established working in minimisation. It has done so by council commitment together with partnership with the Sherwood providing simple, effective and reliable positive customer co-operation and Energy Village site, who will buy back collection services.This enabled it in support that exemplifies a best the compost products for use on the 2002/03 to achieve the 3rd highest practice system. Melton is currently Energy Village site. Operating form an local authority recycling rate in the evaluating alternate weekly twin industrial estate in Boughton, ROB England recovering nearly a third of wheel bin collections following a works closely with adults with learning the household wastes it collects. Since recent trial of such a system to a third difficulties. 1998, weekly kerbside multi material of its residents. It should be recycling collections have been recognised however, that the Details: provided on the same day as refuse successes associated with high levels www.recyclingollertonandboughton. collection.The council’s use of twin of service delivery do require co.uk recycling kerbside boxes are also used considerable operational as well as at both Lichfield DC and Daventry DC, fiscal support. which are respectively the countries 1st and 2nd highest recycling Details: www.melton.gov.uk authorities.
60 Biffa Recycling Centre, Leicester The 'Ball Mill' Recycling Process is broken into smaller pieces and is In 1998 Leicester City Council All the household refuse that has not then sieved out for transfer to undertook a comprehensive review of been separately collected for recycling enclosed containers and taken to the its waste management service. As a is taken to the recycling centre's 'ball nearby anaerobic digester. result of this review the council mill’. The waste is fed into a 6.4 metre developed its waste strategy for the (21 foot) diameter drum (rather like a The remainder consists of broken collection, treatment and disposal of huge washing machine drum) bottles, stones and other heavy items. the city's household waste for the next containing a large number of 5.5 At present there is little that can be 25 years.Their approach has been to kilogram (12lb) steel balls. As the drum done with these materials so they are develop a new fully integrated waste slowly rotates the balls crush and sent to landfill. Obviously there are management service, whereby the break down the waste to small pieces. potential markets such as aggregates collection, treatment and disposal of which need to be sourced in future. waste will be linked by a single Paper together with plastics, and other contract. packaging is broken into small pieces. Anaerobic digester These can then be separated from the A new composting facility has also In November 2002 Biffa Waste Services other materials.This material is taken been built to compost the fine organic was selected as the council's preferred off site and used by other companies material produced by the ball-mill bidder for the contract. In May 2003 as a fuel. recycling facility. All waste handling is building started on waste reception/ within a fully enclosed building, with recycling and composting centres - Any metals including tin cans are in-built air filters.The composting supported by the Government's crushed flat. Steel is separated from process occurs within 5 sealed, Private Finance Initiative (PFI). It is the other wastes by magnets and cylindrical digestion tanks.The organic predicted that the City Council’s MSW aluminium is separated by an “eddy- waste is liquefied, heated and broken recycling rate will hit 40% by the end current” (a non-ferrous metal) down by bacteria. Methane gas 2005/2006. separator. Both are also sent off site for produced by the digestion process is recycling. converted to electricity (approximately 1.5 Megawatts - enough to power up Food waste, garden waste and other to 1500 homes).The compost product similar materials are also treated in the is marketed for agricultural use. ball mill.This "organic" waste material
61 Priority Issue 6 PROCUREMENT AND MARKET DEVELOPMENT
Issues order to expand opportunities to not economically viable, or create robust recycling markets in the appropriate, to create Regional markets Procurement - stimulating demand region, demand for recycled products for all types of recyclable materials. for sustainable products must be stimulated through the However, there are opportunities to Both public and private sector promotion of sustainable procurement capitalise on regional economics, procurement of recycled or sustainable practices, embracing environmental markets and infrastructure to create products appears to remain low-both management and corporate social and expand regional markets. Key nationally and within the region. responsibility in both public and stakeholders should therefore now Whilst in the public sector many private sectors work together to identify and develop organisations have in place appropriate regional markets. environmental policies which make The Office of Government Commerce reference to sustainable procurement, (OGC) and DEFRA policy guidance Research, development and less have procurement strategies and advises that requirements such as promotion of new waste treatment rules which make reference to recycled content should be clearly set facilities and technologies sustainable procurement. Moreover, out in the procurement process, in a There is an opportunity for the waste the public sector has an opportunity to client’s statement of policy and management industry in the Region to utilise its buying power to create contract specification.WRAP is develop innovative waste recovery and demand. Strong demand is establishing benchmarks for these treatment technologies to meet the fundamental to a healthy market. requirements – for example “10% of targets for diversion of waste from There are an increasing amount of the materials value of a construction landfill and to move the Region’s waste mainstream products with recycled project should derive from recycled management infrastructure up the content which compete with virgin content”. waste hierarchy. In practical terms this products and material on cost and will mean that such technologies quality. A Regional Centre of Excellence (RCE) should be considered as part of an focusing on public sector procurement integrated waste management Sustainable procurement has become and efficiency has been established approach which seeks to minimise more prominent in Government policy based at Nottinghamshire County waste and increase recycling. Emphasis debate.The National Procurement Council, through which good practice should be placed on technologies Strategy (see the website for details) could be disseminated in future. which deal with sorted wastes, residual sets targets that by 2004 every local wastes and the non-recyclable authority should build sustainability Market Development for sustainable element. Such technologies may into its procurement strategy, waste management include both innovative and proven processes and contracts. It also advises If demand for recycled or otherwise techniques, and in the case of thermal that local authorities should use their sustainable products is to be increased, treatment should include heat considerable purchasing powers to then support must be provided to recovery and/or energy generation. create market demand for recycled develop markets to supply such materials or products.The market share materials within the Region. Issues of recycled products in conscious such as economies of scale and procurement is currently very low.In proximity to markets may mean it is
62 Policy RWS 6 Regional and local partners, working together, should:
• ensure that public sector organisations identify and adhere to requirements for recycled content in one or more key contract areas. • ensure that in the private sector, the procurement of products with recycled content should be stimulated through Corporate Social Responsibility and Supply Chain Initiatives, promoting benchmarks for good practice. • identify and develop economically viable Regional markets for recycled materials promote the development and adoption within the Region of new waste recycling, treatment and recovery facilties which reflect and respect the waste hierarchy.
Action Plan
Lead Links to other plans/ Proposed Action Timescale Other Partners Partner strategies
Develop and implement a Regional Market Development By April 2007 emda WRAP, RTAB, embren Regional Energy Plan based upon opportunities to exploit Regional NISP Strategy and local variations such as economics, markets or infrastructure, drawing upon and complementary to University College Regional Transport and the resources and expertise available at a Regional and Northampton Freight Strategies national level. Environment Agency Encourage suppliers (to both public and private sector) to routinely offer sustainable or products with Local Authorities recycled content by implementing this requirement in procurement policy. EMRCE East Midlands Environment Industries Forum
Major Public and Private Organisations
Public sector bodies to adopt procurement requirements By January 2007 EMRCE Local Authorities for recycled content within target areas to include: GOEM, EMRA, emda • Offi ce and printing papers WRAP, EA, NHS • Highways Building and Maintenance • Construction and refurbishment projects • Compost uses
Encourage the development and adoption of improving By end of 2006 emda WRAP, Environment waste management technologies for all waste streams then ongoing Agency, Waste through targeted business support for R&D and delivery Management Industry, of improved or new and innovative waste management CBI, RTAB, Waste Planning technology solutions. Authorities, EI Forum
Review of existing material exchanges to assess costs, By end of 2006 Lead Partner Partner organisations to be tonnage diversion, regulatory requirements and the to be identifi ed potential for replication in the Region identifi ed
63 Outcome Indicators: • Production of a regional market development plan identifying regional priorities and actions • That public sector organisations have a stated requirement for recycled content in one or more key contract areas. • Further public and private sector procurement benchmarks and an indicator on the market for recyclable materials are to be developed based on the Action Plan • The number of Waste Management Licences, PPC permits and Planning Permissions granted to waste management facilities employing innovative or newly developed thechnologies.
Targets: • The Regional market development plan will identify tonnage targets for specific prioritised activities • 10% of the materials value of public sector construction projects to be derived from recycled content by 2010 • Further public sector targets to be developed in partnership with the East Midlands Regional Centre of Excellence in procurement.
Case Studies
Leicester City Council – Recycled Panel Plus Boardwalk at Aylestone Meadows A consortium including Leicester City Since 2000, Leicester City Council has Council, Euro-Projects Ltd, Omnia- installed over 400 meters of high Composite Solutions,WRAP and quality, recycled plastic walkways at Loughborough University has this nature reserve South-West of developed a lightweight panelling Leicester City Centre.The new Recresco, Nottingham material made from recycled post- walkway has an expected lifespan of Nottingham-based recycling company consumer plastic waste.When used on at least four times a timber alternative. Recresco, formerly known as Midlands truck or van bodies instead of GRP The surface is slip and ice resistant, Glass has been able to significantly plywood panelling, the lighter-weight shows little sign of wear or UV expand its reprocessing capacity new material enables a 7.5 tonne truck damage, is more resistant to graffiti, is thanks to lease funding worth to carry 310kg of extra payload – not treated with hazardous £300,000 through a WRAP lease potentially saving one of every 8 to 10 preservatives as required for a timber guarantee scheme called eQuip. journeys. construction - and it is fully recyclable at the end of its useful life. The funding package allowed the See www.wrap.org.uk for further company to lease 2 glass separators, a details As a timber equivalent would need colour glass pre-sorter and a plastics replacing after 10 years, the plastic baler without incurring huge capital boardwalk (with an expected lifetime outlay.This has enabled the company of 40 years) will cost less than half that to treble their plastic processing of the timber over its full life-cycle, capacity and increased glass although initial installation costs are processing capacity by 13 tonnes/hr to slightly higher. 20 tonnes/hr.
64 Priority Issue 7 REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT OF CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WASTE
Issues noticeably increased on construction already being undertaken both at a sites, presumably as a consequence of national level and within the East Based on 2003 data, construction and the landfill and aggregates levies”. Midlands (by the Sustainable Design demolition wastes comprise 53% of and Construction group and the the region’s controlled waste arisings, The report also concludes that there is Constructing Excellence in the East the largest of the waste streams.The “currently little meaningful or Midlands initiative).This group has set two main sources of this material are: comparable data on construction site out key guiding principles for • demolition sites (bricks, tiles, concrete, waste management”. It is also thought sustainable design and construction blocks, rubble) that there may be a general lack of and has identified key areas to be • construction/excavation sites (i.e. for recognition within the construction addressed: new build housing producing waste industry of the scale or impacts of the soils, clays, concrete and rubble) waste streams generated. • layout and location of development The wastes are also likely to contain • design and use of buildings quantities of non-inert materials such Even assuming that the reported • the construction process as wood, plastic, metal and paper/card. increase in the re-use or recycling of these materials is accurate, there is still A study has also been undertaken to An ODPM report on 2003 C&D waste a need to ensure minimisation of identify examples of good practice management (Survey of Arisings and arisings at source through best within the region, nationally and Use of Construction, Demolition and practice.This must of course be internationally. Excavation Waste as Aggregate in balanced against the need in some England in 2003 - see the website for circumstances to provide inert C&D The Clean Neighbourhoods and details) suggests that 49% of arisings waste materials for engineering or Environment Bill, published on 8th are re-used or recycled as aggregates construction applications (in lieu of December 2004, provides the Secretary or soil, with the vast majority of the virgin materials). of State with powers to make remainder being used as backfill, for regulations to require developers and landfill engineering purposes, or The introduction of new controls on contractors to produce a written site (under a waste management licence the disposal of hazardous waste has waste management plan for exemption) for the reclamation or now severely restricted the availability construction and demolition projects. improvement of land. of landfill to receive contaminated A voluntary code of practice for C&D wastes from brownfield developers and contractors promoting However, another recent national redevelopments.This presents Site Waste Management Plans for all report for the Government by the opportunities for the wider use of in- construction projects is already in Sustainable Buildings Task Group situ remediation techniques. place, but regulations are expected in (“Better buildings - better lives” - see the due course. A voluntary code on website for details) notes that “there is There is therefore a need to promote sustainable building (CSB) is also scope for significant improvement in the adoption of less wasteful proposed, incorporating efficient terms of reducing waste produced construction and/or redevelopment material use and improved waste from all construction sites” although it practices and to promote sustainable management. also notes that “recycling seems to have construction. Work on this area is
65 Maintenance and restoration of C&D Waste Recovery Capacity Policy RWS 7 buildings The current licensed treatment Regional and Local Partners should A significant proportion of C&D waste capacity for C&D arisings in the region work together to develop a arises as a result of the demolition of is though to be of the order of 2.5 programme ensuring the delivery of existing buildings – commonly in order million tonnes per annum – although • best practice in the maintenance of that a site can be redeveloped. As an only 2 million tonnes were treated in existing building stock and alternative, improved maintenance of 2003, with another 4.5 million tonnes imaginative restoration of under- existing building stock, efficient and landfilled.This would suggest that utilised and run-down buildings well-designed enhancement or there is a pressing need to develop • best practice in construction and refurbishment, and effective new recovery infrastructure for C&D demolition site waste management, restoration all provide the potential for wastes as arisings increase to a including the source-segregation of significant reductions in waste arising minimum of 11 million tonnes by 2020. re-useable and recyclable materials from both the demolition and • maximised use of recycled or (re)construction phases of new Links to other Priority Issues secondary aggregates in all developments.The effective The following policy and action plan construction projects where feasible maintenance and re-use of our existing should be progressed together with and in line with sustainable built assets should therefore be the related policies and actions development objectives. promoted as a priority instead of covering “procurement and market • the development of additional continuing an approach based on development” and “managing the infrastructure enabling the re-use, demolishment and redevelopment. waste impacts of Regional and Sub- recycling, recovery and treatment of Regional growth”. the majority of C&D waste that arises Road Construction within the East Midlands. In road and highways construction, specifications and guidance is now in place to encourage the use of recycled aggregate materials and reduce the primary aggregate use. Adoption of best practice should therefore be encouraged within the region.
66 Action Plan
Links to other plans/ Proposed Action Timescale Lead Partner Other Partners strategies
Assessment of C&D waste management within By end of 2006 RTAB/RAWP Environment Agency the Region to be carried out, examples of good practice and areas of concern identifi ed
Programme to be developed and delivered as By end of 2006 RTAB/RAWP Sustainable construction per Policy to promote and monitor levels of good working group practice within the region. “Constructing Excellence” programme Environment Agency/Sitewise
House Builders Federation
Housing Agencies and Groups
Commercial developers
Local Authorities
Regional design guidance to be developed By January 2007 Sustainable RTAB, EA, emda promoting the use of recycled construction construction SEERA, EERA materials working group Local Planning Authorities Envirowise
Public and private bodies to ensure the use By January 2007 EMRCE All local Authorities of recycled construction materials and the requirement for site waste management plans in RAWP all developments. RTAB
House Builders Federation
Housing Agencies and Groups
Commercial developers
Envirowise
Public bodies to ensure a proportion of By Dec 2006 EMRCE emda Midlands Way redevelopment budgets are allocated to Regeneration East Midlands renovating buildings in disrepair URCs Regional Economic Strategy
Priority to be given to funding of maintenance By Dec 2006 Entrust and restoration of buildings through the Landfi ll then ongoing Tax Credit Scheme
Quantifi cation of the economic and social By Dec 2006 Environment EMRA, IEM, emda Regional Energy impacts of improved building maintenance and Agency Strategy restoration
A Regional building maintenance and re-use By Dec 2007 EMRCE emda centre of excellence to be established to promote Local Authorities good practice, provide grants and advice EMRA
67 Outcome Indicators: • The tonnage of C&D waste arising in the East Midlands • The tonnage of recycled and secondary aggregated produced in the East Midlands
Targets: • C&D arisings will not exceed 11.3 million tonnes per annum as at 2021 (subject to further improvement to the quality of data on arisings).
Case Studies
Gusto Homes, Millenium Green, waste into inert, timber and general built specifically to house miners with Collingham, Notts skips means, only the general waste is very little other employment other Waste costs of the housing now landfilled.The inert material is than two textile factories, now also development were reduced through crushed and used as hardcore whilst shut. Ideas forming the concept of the the segregation of wastes using the timber is re-used as chippings. Energy Village came from the different skips on site. Recycled These improvements result from the community - an Industrial and materials were used in the building support and advice provided by the Provident Society was formed and process wherever possible and the Nottingham Trent University-based after negotiation, bought the 91 acre houses include rainwater harvesting Best Network initiative which provided site from British Coal. Funding was also systems, ventilation systems with heat an environmental review and action negotiated for reclamation works. recovery, insulation made from plan for Baggaley, who are now recycled newspaper, solar water working towards ISO14001 EMS Construction has begun on site for heating and energy efficient certification. offices and industrial units – some of appliances as standard. www.baggaley.co.uk which are already in use. Housing will www.Gustohomes.com www.best-network.co.uk also now be constructed.The SEV team have gained significant Case Study - Sherwood Energy skills in environmental technology, Village, Nottinghamshire construction issues, biodiversity and The Sherwood Energy Village (SEV) is the planning process.There is strong the transformation of a former colliery emphasis on energy efficiency and site into a mixed use development of environmental stewardship using best housing; industry and commerce; practice methods in design and leisure, recreation and education. SEV construction. Renewable energy Baggaley Construction Ltd, is a positive re-use of former sources also feature at the site. Mansfield, Notts brownfield land. It is being developed A local family-owned construction to bring jobs and opportunities to the SEV has been influential in bringing company has reduced waste disposal local community. sustainable development to the East costs from £115,000 to around Midlands and in showing how Social £70,000 per annum through Ollerton Colliery shut in 1994.The Enterprises can achieve major introducing a skip-segregation system settlement of New Ollerton had been initiatives. on construction sites. By sorting site
68 Priority Issue 8 MANAGING THE WASTE IMPACTS OF REGIONAL AND SUB-REGIONAL GROWTH
Issues
The current Regional Spatial Strategy (Policy 17) defines a Regional growth rate requirement of 15,925 additional dwellings per annum.The annual average has actually been around 16,674 additional dwellings per annum over the last 3 to 6 years (source: local authority housing data).The total population of the Region has grown by 3.3% between 1991 and 2001 and is projected to grow by another 8% by 2021. Details of the RSS housing targets by County are provided in the following table:
Annual Average Additional Housing Provision Rate 2001-2021
Derby and Derbyshire 2550
Leicestershire, Leicester and Rutland 3150
Lincolnshire 2750
Northamptonshire 4975
Nottingham and Nottinghamshire 2450
Total for East Midlands 15925
(Source RSS8 – Policy 17)
Although the average household size is Between 1996 and 2001 the actual REWARD project (see the website for reducing – projections are that the number of new dwellings built in details), it is possible to predict average household size in the region Northamptonshire was 3430 per indicative waste arisings as a result of will reduce from 2.37 to 2.20 persons annum. Northamptonshire therefore the required growth in by 2021 (source: ODPM interim 2002- faces a particularly significant increase Northamptonshire. based household projections) - this in the number of houses to be built, may not necessarily correlate with a and this must be a major concern, not Based on the October 2004 sub- reduction in the amount of waste only in terms of future domestic waste regional strategy figures of: generated by each household. arisings, but also of • 4145 new dwellings/year being construction/demolition wastes and constructed per year for the period As part of the housing targets defined commercial/industrial wastes assuming • 2001-2006, followed by 4925 new in the RSS, the Milton Keynes and the creation of local employment for dwellings/year for the period 2006 to South Midlands (MKSM) Sub-Regional the new population. 2011 and Strategy (see the EMRA website for • 5415 new dwellings/year for the details) significantly impacts on Impact on the East Midlands waste period 2011-2021, the main findings proposed housing development for arisings of growth in the MKSM were as follows: the Region. Northamptonshire is growth area identified as being required to provide an additional 99,500 dwellings in the Using a modelling system called REEIO, period from 2001 to 2021 – an increase developed for the Regional of 44,500 dwellings above that Development Agencies and proposed in the original published RSS. Environment Agency as part of the
69 Waste Stream Additional waste arisings (tonnes) in 2015 compared with 1999
Municipal Solid Waste 31,200
Commercial & Industrial 125,400
Construction and Demolition 163,700
Total Arisings for sectors above 320,300
(Note: this prediction is based on the assumption that housing growth occurs without associated growth in commerce, industry etc – i.e. all other relevant factors (legislation, fiscal measures, wider economic growth) remain as per the current status quo, and is therefore not comparable with SLR/LUC data quoted elsewhere in this document)
The scale of the planned Regional and Wider Regional Housing and Policy RWS 8 MKSM growth creates an excellent Population Growth Regional and local partners working opportunity to specify measures to Although the designated MKSM together should ensure that the address not only C&D waste arisings as Growth area is a particular area of opportunity presented by planned a result of the development work itself, concern, if Northamptonshire is regional and sub-regional growth is but also to ensure best practice in the excluded from the figures the Region used to deliver the highest standards provision of initiatives to minimise the must still be in a position to manage a in terms of: generation of MSW and C&I wastes, total increase of over 200,000 • minimal waste generation during together with infrastructure to additional properties between 2001 construction maximise the recycling and recovery of and 2021. Although widely distributed • achievement of best practice these wastes. All new development across the Region, this growth may benchmarks in design and should therefore include these impact on certain areas more construction as a minimum provisions. specifically than others – with an • design to facilitate the storage and associated knock-on effect on localised sorting at source of dry recyclables in waste arisings. domestic and commercial premises • provision of suitable infrastructure for the recycling and recovery of MSW, C&D and C&I wastes
70 Action Plan
Links to other plans/ Proposed Action Timescale Lead Partner Other Partners strategies
Links will be developed between the key 2006 ongoing MKSM “Environment & EA RSS8 authorities and working groups to ensure that Quality of Life” Group EMRA sustainable waste management underpins emda MKSM Sub-regional any development as part of identifi ed growth SEERA strategy areas. This will include further development of EERA key local indicators (e.g. C&D waste arisings in Local Planning SE and EoE Regional Northamptonshire). Authorities Local Waste Strategies Development Vehicles
Developers
Construction Industry Representative bodies
Local Authority Planners, Waste Planning 2006 ongoing RTAB GOEM RSS8 Authorities and Waste Management staff should ensure that growth in each strategic authority Local Planning MKSM Sub-regional is monitored in terms of potential waste Authorities strategy arisings and that suitable mitigation is sought to minimise the impact on waste arisings and Waste Collection and on the authorities having to manage additional Disposal Authorities MSW produced.
Outcome Indicators: • The tonnage of C&D waste arising in the East Midlands • The tonnage of MSW arisings in Northamptonshire • The tonnage of MSW recovered recycling or composted in Northamptonshire
Target: • All Local Authorities to achieve their allocated targets for the recovery and recycling of MSW.
71 Priority Issue 9 ADDRESSING AGRICULTURAL AND RURAL WASTE MANAGEMENT
Issues There is therefore a need to provide requirements should therefore be targeted support and guidance to the encouraged.The resulting compost can Agricultural Wastes agricultural industry to promote be applied to land in lieu of chemical In 2005, the Government is expected to compliance with the new regulatory fertilizers, but good agricultural re-classify commercial-type wastes regime and to promote best practice practice (e.g. only applying composted arising from agricultural premises as within the region.This can best be material where it is of agricultural “controlled” wastes, thus requiring that achieved by ensuring that waste benefit) must be ensured. Local outlets these wastes are collected and management is included as a cross- including landscape gardeners, disposed of as per any other compliance issue for all regulated horticulturalists, garden centres and commercial wastes in future. premises, linking to other relevant civic amenity sites can also be sought Historically these wastes have environmental management issues for supply of MSW-derived composts commonly been disposed of on-farm such as compliance with the and soil conditioners, thus closing the by burning or burying. One of the most Groundwater Regulations, the recycling loop. However, the quality of significant agricultural waste streams protection of Nitrate Vulnerable Zones the compost product is key to success affected could be plastic sheeting - and initiatives to address diffuse in this market, and producers should used as crop cover, bale or silage wrap pollution. be encouraged to achieve the BSI and packaging. PAS100 standard for compost as a Composting and biodegradable minimum. The National Farmers Union estimates waste management that the average farm accumulates one In order to achieve their statutory Biodegradable commercial waste tonne of plastic waste per annum, and recovery and recycling targets – arisings such as vegetable there are approximately 8000 farms of especially those set under the Landfill processing/packing wastes and any size in the East Midlands. Allowance Trading Scheme, many local biodegradable food production wastes authorities are now introducing can also be composted either Bulk materials, such as manures and separate garden waste collections with combined with MSW or independently slurries, contribute considerably to the aim of having this material (subject to the stringent controls of the total waste arisings within the region. composted, along with similar waste Animal By-Product Regulations 2003 – Although these are not expected to be from civic amenity facilities. see below). As set out in Priority Issue classed as controlled wastes (if they are 3, there is an identified need to provide used on the farm of origin), farmers are Commercial and on-farm composting recovery and recycling capacity for the required to ensure that they do not operations, where operated within considerable tonnages of these wastes apply excessive quantities to land. planning and waste regulatory arising within the Region. As the
72 majority of these wastes arise within corresponding item in priority issue (Note:“Rural” districts can be rural areas, it is logical that they are 10). Fly-tipping is addressed as a defined as per the Countryside managed as close to source as priority issue later in this document, Agency classification available at: possible, providing that any waste however it should be recognised that if www.countryside.gov.uk) management operation is appropriate it fly-tipping is not effectively for the location proposed. controlled in future, the most Policy RWS 9 significant detrimental impact is likely Regional and local partners should Animal By-Products to be on rural areas and urban fringe. work together to: The Animal By-Product Regulations 2003 place strict controls on the Rural Waste Management • encourage agricultural premises to treatment and recovery of animal by- The rural population in England (about adopt sustainable waste products - defined as “animal carcases, 28 per cent of the total in 2000) is management practice with regard to parts of carcases and products of growing three times faster than the waste arisings and best agricultural animal origin not intended for human urban population, largely due to practice in relation to any wastes consumption”. Composting or similar migration from urban areas. About one treated or disposed of on farm. biological treatment of low-risk waste third of all businesses are located in is permitted provided it can meet rural areas.They tend to be smaller (in • Opportunities for necessary required standards to ensure that terms of numbers employed) than additional sustainable waste pathogens are rendered harmless. their urban counterparts.There is management capacity in rural areas therefore a need to ensure that both for waste recovery or recycling should From 2006, the EU Regulations domestic and commercial premises be encouraged providing that: currently propose that the landfilling of within the rural areas of the East • effective protection of amenity and animal by-products is prohibited – Midlands have access to and are the environment can be achieved, although, it has yet to be specified subject to suitably targeted measures avoiding significant harm and exactly which ABPR waste materials are to promote and deliver sustainable securing adequate mitigation covered by the ban. Nevertheless, there waste management as those in the • the proposed activity is appropriate is a clear implication that additional urban areas of the Region wherever to the location proposed. specialist waste treatment capacity will feasible. be required for ABPR wastes as a Householders and businesses in rural matter of significant urgency. The East Midlands Rural Affairs Forum areas of the Region should be (EMRAF) has already produced a provided with sustainable waste Fly-tipping Strategy for Sustainable Farming and management infrastructure, support Fly tipping and illegal waste disposal is Food, including an action plan: “Think and advice (specifically targeted a problem in some rural areas, Farming and Food, an Action Plan for the where necessary) in order to ensure particularly in the countryside East Midlands, Regional Delivery Plan for that consistent standards in bordering towns and cities.This can Sustainable Farming and Food” which sustainable waste management are include domestic or commercial includes measures to address rural achieved region-wide. wastes, and in particular, illegally waste management and these dumped construction wastes.The measures are therefore carried forward requirement for construction site waste in this strategy. management plans will contribute to better control of these materials (see
73 Action Plan
Links to other plans/ Proposed Action Timescale Lead Partner Other Partners strategies
A regional rural waste management stakeholders 2006 ongoing EMRA EMRA Strategy for Sustainable forum will be created to ensure that the emda Farming and Food opportunities that the strategy presents are NFU delivered into rural areas effectively and to RDS develop a delivery programme. Environment Agency GOEM
An assessment will be carried out to quantify and 2006 Environment Agency EMRA Strategy for Sustainable identify rural/agricultural waste management emda Farming and Food arisings and activities within the region in order to EMRAF DEFRA allow accurate strategic planning for the expected Waste Planning legislative and other changes. Authorities
Opportunities for agricultural diversifi cation End of 2006 EMRAF EMRA Strategy for Sustainable through waste management will be showcased emda Farming and Food through demonstration farms, local champions etc, NFU linked to other rural and agricultural development RDS projects operating within the region (e.g. the GOEM Demonstration rural Business Programme)
Local Authorities and the Environment Agency Ongoing Environment Agency, EMRAF National Fly-tipping will continue to monitor fl y-tipping in rural areas Local Authorities NFU strategy and will use the “Flycapture” system to identify CLA “hotspots” within the region, formulating measures RDS to address these problem areas working with the RTAB rural and agricultural communities
74 Outcome Indicators • The number of waste-related incidents at agricultural premises reported to the Environment Agency • The number of waste management licences, exemption, PPC permits and planning consents issued to premises in identified rural districts (as defined) for waste management activities • The tonnage of MSW recycling/composting in identified rural districts (as defined) • Further indicators to be confirmed subject to implementation of the control of agricultural waste
Targets • Local Authorities in defined rural areas to achieve or exceed RSS Policy 39 targets for MSW recovery, recycling and composting, in line with all other authorities in the Region. • Further detailed targets on agricultural wastes to be determined pending clarification of the proposed controls on agricultural wastes. • A year on year reduction in the number of waste-related pollution/fly-tipping incidents reported on agricultural premises
Case Study
Grange Park Development, using open windrows to PAS100 meters of planting.This has led to Northampton standards, the material being sourced such successful growth that the A West-Midlands based contractor from landscape contracts and from Grange Park site has now locally with a large composting operation – municipal green waste in partnership become known as “the hedgerows”. Jack Moody Ltd of Shareshill near with local authorities. Wolverhampton, secured a contract Further information from: with Bellway Homes to landscape a 2000 cubic metres of compost soil- www.wrap.org.uk massive new housing development – improver were used for the Grange Park - in Northampton using Northampton housing scheme, waste-derived compost.The compost together with 1650 cubic meters of used is produced at JMLs own facility bark mulch covering 33,000 square
75 Priority Issue 10 REDUCING FLY-TIPPING
Issues To date, data on fly-tipping has been Although the system has only recently difficult to assess as the responsible been launched, provisional data from The increasing costs and tightening body for dealing with any fly-tipping Flycapture gives a reasonable regulatory control over the production, incident can vary depending on the indication of illegal activity within the handling and treatment of wastes site where the tipping has taken place Region: inevitably increases the risk of some and the nature of the waste. However, waste materials being fly-tipped. In the Environment Agency are now In 2003/4 in the East Midland there 2003 the Environment Agency alone working closely with the Local was a total of 41,484 fly-tipping recorded 472 incidents of large-scale Authorities to capture fly-tipping incidents.The breakdown of incidents industrial and commercial fly-tipping – information on a nation-wide basis by waste type is shown in following 18% of the total number of pollution using a system called “Flycapture”. graph: incidents investigated in the Region.
Flytipping Incidents April 04 - Mar 05 by Waste Type, East Midlands Region
Animal Carcass 2% Other 5% Green Other Commercial Waste 8% 4% Vehicle Parts 3%
White Goods 8%
Other Household Waste Other Electrical 29% 2%
Tyres 6% Asbestos 1%
Clinical 1%
Constr/Demol/Excav 7%
Chemical Drums Oil Fuel Black Bags Commercial 1% 3% Black Bags Household 20%
(Source: Environment Agency Flycapture data)
76 Analysis of the provisional data suggests that, as might be expected, the principal urban centres suffer the highest numbers of incidents. However, many rural areas also suffer a significant number of incidents.
Policy RWS 10 Regional and Local Partners should work together to ensure a year on year reduction in the number of fly-tipping incidents occurring in each District/Unitary Council area.
Action Plan
Links to other plans/ Proposed Action Timescale Lead Partners Other Partners strategies
The Environment Agency and East Midlands All authorities Local authorities GOEM National Fly-Tipping Local Authorities to to subscribe Strategy to fl ycapture Environment Agency RTAB • Collate and analyse data on fl y-tipping immediately. This issue cross refers to activities using the Flycapture system EMRA Priority Issues 2 and 9 and should then: Targeted initiatives to be NFU • Jointly organise targeted campaigns, developed by working with other relevant Regional the end of 2006 CLA and local bodies, to address both affected areas and specifi c waste Police Authorities streams, coordinating with national and local fl y-tipping initiatives where Local Education appropriate. Authorities ENCAMS
Outcome Indicators • The number of fly-tipping incidents (by District/Unitary Council) as recorded by Flycapture
Target • A year on year reduction in fly-tipping incidents in the East Midlands as recorded by Flycapture. A detailed target to be determined once substantial Flycapture data has been collated and analysed.
77 Implementation, Monitoring and Review
Successful delivery of the policies as • The Landfill Tax Credit Scheme (LTCS) Policy RWS 11 set out in this document will require a has historically been an important Regional and local partners should robust framework for implementation. source of funding to promote make coordinated effort to secure the Monitoring is essential to allow us to improved waste management. maximum benefit of potential funding measure and assess the level of However, as at October 2004 only opportunities for the development of progress made and to feed 6.5% of LTCS funding had been sustainable consumption, production programmed reviews to ensure that allocated to the East Midlands. and waste management initiatives in the strategy maintains a clear focus on (Source: Entrust) the Region. the key priorities for the Region. • Similarly, a fund called CRED (Community Recycling and Economic The role of Social Enterprise and the A Regional management group will be Development), part of the Lottery Community Sector established to manage and coordinate Fund “Transforming Waste” initiative, Although waste management is largely the implementation, monitoring and has so far awarded a total of only dominated by large multinational review of the strategy, focussing £229,000 to 2 initiatives in the East businesses operating long-term initially on quantifying the resources Midlands. In total the CRED contracts, the value of community required to deliver the strategy, programme had approved nearly 100 schemes and social enterprises should identifying how to secure those bids nationally as at October 2004, not be underestimated.This was re- resources and ensuring that partner with a total value in the region of £18 enforced in 2004 by DEFRA’s organisations are in a position to million. (Source: RSWT) announcement of a £4m support progress the required work areas. It is programme for the community waste intended that this core group will then It should be noted that this is not the sector. work with partners to deliver each of fault of the funding holders, but the 10 priority issues, through a suggests a need to ensure that more The community presently sector network of existing and new initiatives initiatives are developed and quality currently deliver a range of projects and topic-based working groups as bids submitted from organisations including: required. within the region, ensuring a higher • Kerbside collection of dry-recyclables proportion of available resources is and organics materials (often working Implementation secured in future. in partnership with Local Authorities) • Waste management service delivery Funding and Resources BREW – the Business Resource in isolated or hard to reach Delivery of the RWS depends on Efficiency and Waste programme communities provision of the required levels of £284 million over 3 years has been • Diversion of items suitable for reuse resource, and the correct allocation of allocated nationally from 2005/6 to (such as furniture) and supply to those resources based on the priorities support the implementation of those who can make use of the goods as set out in this strategy document. It resource efficiency and waste (e.g. through scrapstores) would appear that the East Midlands management initiatives. It is therefore • Community composting and has been relatively poor in securing essential that organisations within the domestic waste reduction advisory the funding sources available to Region make a coordinated effort to schemes address these issues to date, for maximise the potential benefits of this • Commercial waste recycling example: new programme for the East Midlands. collection (e.g office recycling services, wood recycling etc)
78 • Advice to other community groups, Policy RWS 12 Animal-By Products controls) and SMEs and schools. National, Regional and local partners contaminated soils are two examples should evaluate the current for which alternative treatment Information provided by the contribution and potential future role solutions need to be developed and Community Recycling Network (CRN) of the Community and Social delivered as a matter of urgency. suggests that there are only 12 Enterprise Sector in delivery of the A report produced by EMDA on the registered CRN member groups Regional Waste Strategy and a support Environmental Economy of the Region operating in the Region, although infrastructure should be developed to in 2002 (see the website for details) there are over 30 registered furniture help ensure that the sector’s found that there are 418 companies in projects and potentially many more contribution and value in the Region is the region involved in waste active independent initiatives. On this maximised. management, employing over 7500 basis, the actual contribution of this people. However, although the Region sector to waste management in the Development and implementation has a considerable and successful Region appears largely unknown. of new and Innovative Waste track-record in the provision of Nevertheless, the potential provision of Technologies business support to promote resource DEFRA funding suggests that there is The future development of sustainable efficiency, the research, development considerable potential.The current and waste management depends heavily and provision of new waste potential future contribution of the on the Region’s diversification from management technologies and their sector therefore needs to be assessed. “traditional”, historic consumption, use within the Region apparently This assessment could include: production, waste generation and remains limited. waste management techniques. In • Gap analysis to indicate where particular there is a need to embrace As well as helping the Region to move community sector contributions the development of: towards improved resource efficiency could be most effective to delivery of • Efficient consumption and and achievement of waste recycling, sustainable consumption, production production techniques recovery and diversion targets, the and waste management. • Innovative re-manufacturing and development of this particular sector is • Investigation into creation of a recycling techniques likely to result in job creation, regional support network • “New” (or perhaps more accurately - diversification and skill development Potential for job creation/skills “as yet less commonly used”) waste amongst the Regions workforce. development processing technologies such as in- • The potential role of the community vessel composting, anaerobic Considerable effort is being made on a sector in the delivery of education digestion, pyrolysis, gasification, nationwide basis by DEFRA,WRAP and and behavioural change feedstock-recycling and autoclaving. others to ensure the development and use of new waste technologies. It is This is particularly applicable to those therefore vital that the Region waste streams subject to increasing capitalises on the opportunities regulatory control – biodegradeable available. wastes (especially those subject to
79 Policy RWS 13 • the promotion of restoration and management in future. Regional and local partners should improved maintenance of building As a Region, the East Midlands must promote the research, development, stock in preference to demolition and therefore ensure that sufficient trial and long-term adoption of new build resources are secured to ensure that a alternative, novel and emerging waste • The provision of adequate services comprehensive data is available on a reduction and treatment technologies and facilities to enable small year-to-year basis to allow monitoring in the East Midlands, where improved businesses and in future agricultural of progress and future strategic valorisation of waste and reduced premises, to recycle or recover their planning. Modelling work will also be environmental impact can be clearly waste wherever possible. required, for example using the evidenced in accordance with the REWARD REEIO model to assess waste hierarchy. Monitoring changing trends and future requirements. Influencing National Policy As set out in the Strategy, the This strategy sets out the key issues for availability of year-on-year data on Policy RWS 14 waste management within the East waste management within the Region Resources should be secured by the Midlands and measures that should be is currently limited to waste handled Region to improve the availability and taken within the Region to ensure by local authorities. DEFRA are quality of data on resource sustainable consumption, production currently developing proposals for an consumption, production efficiency, and waste management in future. improved national waste data waste arisings, movements and However, many factors in the delivery recording system, however in the management.The RTAB, emda, EMRA of this agenda are dependent upon interim it is proposed that and GOEM should therefore liaise at a Central Government policy and the performance against the proposed Regional and National level to ensure availability of adequate funding and Regional Waste Strategy policies is that this data is collected, collated, resources. It is therefore vital that the measured using data that is known to analysed and disseminated so as to East Midlands clearly identify, be available on an ongoing basis meet all stakeholder needs. communicate and where necessary wherever possible. proactively lobby on key issues where Review appropriate. Data collection, modelling and monitoring This strategy aims to cover the period Examples of key issues which need to It is widely acknowledged that the from the present to 2021 in line with be raised at a national level include: available data on waste management the Regional Spatial Strategy. However • improvement in the provision of (both nationally and Regionally) is the rapid development and changes in waste management data to enable inconsistent and in some cases, lacking waste management at a National and better strategic waste planning – making strategic planning for future Regional level mean that regular • quantification and recognition of the waste management difficult.This has reviews of the Strategy are essential. It contribution of waste management been recognised at a national level and is therefore proposed that the Strategy practices such as home composting DEFRA are therefore developing a is reviewed on a 3-yearly basis, subject • the potential options to remove waste data initiative to address the to the availability of suitably robust barriers to the management of other problem.This suggests that data on which to make a valued review wastes together with MSW through considerable funding (for example effective. PFI or other similar contractual from the Landfill Tax Credit Scheme) arrangements may be allocated to improved data
80 Glossary Of Terms, Organisations and Initiatives
Best Practicable Environmental Combined Heat and Power (CHP) ELV – End of Life Vehicle Option (BPEO) A fuel efficient technology which A vehicle which is waste within the The BPEO procedure established the produces electricity and heat from a meaning of Article 1 of the Waste waste management method, or mix of thermal treatment process Framework Directive methods, that provides the most benefits or the least damage to the Commercial Waste Fines environment as a whole, at acceptable Waste arising from premises used Small particles waste, such as dust cost, in the long term as well as in the wholly or mainly for trade, sport, short term. recreation or entertainment Gasification This process involves turning waste Biological Treatment Composting into a fuel by heating it under Any biological process that changes The process that converts controlled conditions with oxygen the properties of waste (e.g. anaerobic biodegradable material (such as present digestion, composting) garden and kitchen waste), in the presence of oxygen in the air, into a Hazardous Waste Bring Recycling stable granular material Defined by EU legislation as the most Recycling schemes where the public harmful wastes to people and the bring material for recycling to Construction and demolition waste environment collection points, e.g. bottle and can Waste produced from the construction, banks at supermarket car parks and repair, maintenance and demolition of Household Waste civic amenity sites buildings and structures, including This includes refuse from household roads. It consists mostly of brick, collection rounds, waste from street Civic Amenity Sites (CA sites) hardcore and soil sweeping and public litter bins, bulky Sites, provided by local authorities, to items collected from households, waste which the public can bring household Controlled Waste taken to CA sites and waste collected waste. CA sites usually provide facilities This is household, industrial and separately for recycling or composting for recycling, garden waste and bulky commercial waste as defined in the or taken to recycling bring sites items such as beds and cookers Controlled Waste Regulations Industrial Waste Clinical Waste EU Directive Waste from any factory or industrial Healthcare waste such as blood, tissue, A European Union legal instruction, process (excluding mines and quarries) needles, used dressings, drugs, etc. It binding on all Member States and may be produced from healthcare which must be implemented through Inert Waste facilities, like hospitals, or else from national legislation within a prescribed Chemically inert, non-combustible, home treatment timescale non-biodegradable and non-leaching waste Co-firing Energy from Waste (EfW) The thermal treatment of waste at The recovery of energy in the form or Kerbside Recycling plants that also use other sources of heat and/or power from waste, Collection of recyclable or energy (e.g. coal or wood chip power through thermal or combustion compostable wastes usually from the stations) processes. pavement outside premises, most commonly from households but also from businesses
81 Landfill sites Putrescibles Treatment Licensed facilities where waste is Organic waste susceptible to the decay Waste treatment can include activities permanently deposited for disposal or breakdown by bacterial action such as physical, chemical and Pyrolysis biological processes which change the Landspreading This process involves heating waste in characteristics of waste in order to Recovering value from certain types of the absence of oxygen to produce reduce its volume, nature, facilitate waste, such as sewage sludge and energy rich gas, oils and solid char (ash) handling or enhance recovery brewing waste, by spreading it onto land to improve soil quality Recycling Waste Management Licensing Reprocessing of wastes, either into the The system of permits operated by the Materials Recycling Facility (MRF) same material or a different material Environment Agency under the A facility for sorting and baling Environmental Protection Act to ensure recyclable waste Reduction that activities authorised to recover or Reducing the quantity of waste dispose of waste are carried out in a Mechanical Biological Treatment produced way that protects the environment and (MBT) human health This is the treatment of waste using a Regional self sufficiency combination of mechanical separation, The aim that a region should make Waste Transfer Station grading and biological treatment provision for the treatment or disposal A waste management facility to which of all the waste arising in its area waste is taken for sorting or baling PPS before being removed for recovery or Planning Policy Statement – Guidance Residual Waste disposal issued by the government on various Waste remaining after materials for re- aspects of the land-use planning use, recycling and composting have Glossary of Organisations system been removed. Also includes waste and Initiatives materials resulting from intermediate Producer Responsibility processes such as MBT which require Business Link Requires industry and commerce further processing or disposal. A network of County-based involved in the manufacture, organisations, providing advice to distribution and sale of particular Re-use Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) goods to take greater responsibility for Using materials or products again, for aiming to ensure business creation, the disposal, recycling or recovery of the same or a different purpose, survival and growth those goods at the end of their useful without material reprocessing life CBI – Confederation of British RSS Industries Proximity principle Regional Spatial Strategy – the land- A body representing the interests of The principle that waste should be use planning strategy for the Region British industry aiming to help create treated or disposed of as close as produced by the Regional Planning and sustain conditions in whih the UK practicable to its place of origin Board. County and District planning can compete and prosper strategies must now align with the RSS – including Waste Development Frameworks.
82 EMRCE Defra and the Business Resource UAs East Midlands Regional Centre for Efficiency and Waste (BREW) Unitary Authorities. In terms of waste Procurement Excellence – a new Programme in England, the Scottish management, these authorities Regional initiative based at Executive in Scotland and the Materials function as WCA and WDA Nottinghamshire County Council Action Programme (MAP) in Wales seeking to promote best practice in WPA – Waste Planning Authority public sector procurement GOEM – Government Office for the County Council or Unitary Authority East Midlands Planning Departments responsible for EMBREN The Regional Office of Central the production and application of East Midlands Business Resource Government, ensuring that Waste Local Plans (to become Waste Efficiency Network – See Case Study, Government initiatives are delivered Development Frameworks) Priority Issue 2 within the Region and reflecting back the needs of the Region to Central WCA - Waste Collection Authority emda Govt A local authority (a district, borough or East Midlands Development Agency – unitary) responsible for the collection the body responsible for economic ODPM - Office of the Deputy Prime of household waste in its area development of the East Midlands Minister Region, aiming to make the Region Central Government department WDA - Waste Disposal Authority economically one of the top 20 in responsible for local and regional A local authority (a county or unitary) Europe by 2010 government, housing, planning, fire, responsible for the management of the regeneration, social exclusion and household waste collected in its area EMRA neighbourhood renewal. East Midlands Regional Assembly – the WIP non-elected, strategic partnership OGC - Office of Government Waste Implementation Programme - body responsible for scrutiny of EMDA, Commerce A DEFRA initiative (linked to WRAP) to Regional Policy development and An independent office of the Treasury deliver the requirements of the 2002 Regional Planning matters. responsible for a wide ranging Government Strategy Unit report programme focussing on improving “Waste Not Want Not”.The WIP Environment Agency the efficiency and effectiveness of programme delivers a suite of projects The non–departmental Government Central civil Govt procurement to ensure that the UK achieves the body responsible for protection and required step-change in waste improvement of the environment. RTAB – Regional Technical Advisory management practice Body (on waste) ESA – Environmental Services A working group of regional WRAP Association stakeholders required by Planning Waste & Resources Action Programme The trade body representing the Waste Policy Statement 10. In the East – A Government funded programme Management Industry Midlands the RTAB reports to the with the objective of accelerating Regional Planning Board, with the aim resource efficiency by creating efficient Envirowise of providing regional coordination of markets for recycled materials and Envirowise delivers a government- waste management planning and products and removing barriers to funded programme of free confidential ensuring that the Region is in a waste minimisation, recovery and advice to UK businesses to help them position to plan and provide sufficient recycling to become more profitable and reduce waste management capacity to meet their environmental impact. Envirowise current and future needs is funded across the UK by the DTI and
83 Appendix 1 Membership of the Regional Waste Strategy Development Group
RTAB Roger Caisley (Chair) RTAB Lonek Wojtulewicz EMRA Alasdair Brown EMRA Mandeep Gill emda Andy Barron/Peter Strutton Northern Foods Gus Atri CBI Lawrence Strong Regional Environment Advisory Group Nick Brown University College Northampton Paul Phillips Waste Collection Authorities Raman Selvon Waste Collection Authorities Sue Reed Unitary Authorities Steve Weston EMFEC Clark Field WRAP Sarah Downes Environment Agency Simone Aplin/Eve Reynolds Health Protection Agency Kevin Rowbotham GOEM Jeff Lewis Waste Disposal Authorities Derek Goodenough Waste Disposal Authorities Sarah Alder Environmental Services Association Keith Wharmby Environmental Services Association Jeff Rhodes Environmental Services Association Mary Tappenden East Midlands Environment Link Nigel Lee Business Links/EMBREN Rebecca Wood
The group also wish to thank the following for their input:
RDS Richard Nicholson NFU Paul Tame RSWT Ruth Tall CRN Naomi Johnson Environment Agency Fergus Crombie
84 Appendix 2 Health Protection Agency Report on Potential Health Effects of Waste Management
Waste Management Facilities Landfills information could not indicate – Protecting Health Concerns over the potential health whether the landfills caused or Studies undertaken to date have not effects of landfill sites have stemmed contributed to the birth defects. In provided any strong evidence to from older poorly regulated landfills, addition there was not found to be any suggest that waste management from which contamination of the association between cancer risk and facilities can affect the health of people environment is known. More recent living adjacent to a landfill. living within their vicinity. However, for and new landfills are designed to each proposed waste management contain waste and operators are The study undertaken on behalf of facility within the East Midlands the required by legislation to implement DEFRA has recommended that further potential health effects should be measures to manage the gases and works is undertaken to determine considered, taking into account local contaminated waters that the landfills whether any substance emitted from a circumstances. generate. However, the public continue landfill site could result in birth to raise concerns about the potential abnormalities. Under the Integrated Pollution health impacts of living near a landfill. Prevention and Control (IPPC) regime Incinerators and combustion of biogas all applications for larger landfill sites, To date, there are no studies that Alleged adverse human health impacts incinerators and facilities which treat conclusively demonstrate that living are commonly cited as the justification waste are required to assess the near to a landfill site causes adverse for opposition to incinerators with potential effect on the environment health effects. A recent study that most public concern focusing on the and on the health of the people living looked at landfill sites operational hazards presented by the air pollutants in the vicinity. All applications are sent between 1982 and 1997 assessed the emitted during the incineration for comments to a number of bodies, outcomes of births for those living process. Furthermore, modern including the health consultees for within two kilometres of landfill and abatement technologies have health, the Primary Care Trusts. This those living further a field.The study dramatically reduced the levels of provides Primary Care Trusts with an found that whilst the risk of birth pollutants emitted. Under the opportunity to make abnormalities were higher in those Integrated Pollution Control IPC recommendations when it is felt that a living next to landfills, the risk of regime, the Environment Agency (EA) facility may potentially affect human defects to the heart and the circulation requires emissions to be routinely health. system was lower. However, a study monitored and any exceedances of undertaken for the Department for stipulated emission levels need to be Environment Food and Rural Affairs recorded. (DEFRA)1 stated that the available
1 Enviros Consulting and the University of Birmingham (2004): Review of Environmental and Health Effects of Waste Management: Municipal Solid Waste and Similar Wastes
85 There are surprisingly few studies Many landfills sites burn gas generated The primary concern in relation to concerning the potential effect on the by landfill sites as means of controlling composting plants is the release of bio- health of populations around the gas. In addition bio-gas generated aerosol (micro-organisms such as fungi incinerators.Those majorities of studies at some composting facilities will burn or bacteria) as they may affect concentrated on the effect of exposure the gas either as a form of control or as respiratory health. However, to emissions from older generation of a source of electric. Environment Agency research has incinerators that have been largely suggested that levels of bioaerosols fall closed following the introduction of Composting to background levels within 250 stricter emission controls.The results of The DEFRA study highlighted that metres of a composting plant. Since the studies are typically inconsistent commercial open air composting of August 2001, the Environment Agency and inconclusive. For example studies garden waste could lead to emissions has stated that there will be a have not demonstrated an increase in to air.There are few studies on the presumption against permitting any cancers in the vicinity of incinerators, potential effects on the health of new composting facility where the whilst other studies have provided people living close to composting boundary of the facility is within 250 little evidence that incinerators are plants. However, one study2 indicated metres of a workplace or a residential associated with an increase in that residents living close to a dwelling. respiratory problems. composting plant displayed an elevated risk of bronchitis, frequency of colds and eye irritation.
2 Herr et al (2003): Effects of bioaerosol polluted outdoor air on airways of residents
86 Appendix 3 Calculation of total costs of waste management in the East Midlands Region
Indicative current costs of waste management based on inputs to licensed waste management facilities 2000/01 (see technical report table 3.3) and unit costs of waste management (see technical report table 6.4/6.5) (updated where appropriate)
Description Landfi ll EFW Treatment and composting Total Cost £
Inert C&D tonnage 3094000 235000
Unit cost/t £ £15 £5 Cost £ £46,410,000 £1,175,000 £47,585,000
MSW tonnage 1872000 151000 58000 Unit cost/t £ £60 £70 £105 Cost £ £112,320,000 £10,570,000 £6,090,000 £128,980,000
C&I tonnage 2682000 27000 486000 Unit cost/t £ £60 £70 £105 Cost £ £160,920,000 £1,890,000 £51,030,000 £213,840,000
Special tonnage 145000 41000 91000 Unit cost/t £ £120 £120 £120 Cost £ £17,400,000 £4,920,000 £10,920,000 £33,240,000
Total £423,645,000
Notes: 1. Assumes no split of inert/non-inert for C&I wastes 2. MSW recycling/composting unit price is based on combined average price of processing at MRF and MSW Composting 3. No allowance has been made for materials processed through CA sites or transfer facilities 4.Treatment price for C&I assumed to be higher as likely to be special/hazardous wastes 5. No allowance made for re-use or income from recyclables 6. All Inert waste treatment assumed to be £5/tonne except disposal at £15/tonne For other assumptions/notes please refer to the technical report tables 3.3, 6.4 and 6.5
87 Indicative costs of controlled waste management at 2020 based on waste arisings assuming achievement of RWS targets, and Technical Report unit costs (see technical report table 6.4/6.5)
Recycling / Landfi ll Total material Description Reuse Disposal Total Cost £ composting Diversion stream Regional sub total for MSW (tonnes) 1,480,000 840,197 639,803 2,960,000 Unit Cost £/tonne 105 105 90 Cost £ £155,400,000 £88,220,691 £57,582,265 £301,202,956
Regional sub total for C&I (tonnes) 2,534,000 5,310,000 7,844,000 Unit Cost £/tonne 105 90 Cost £ £266,070,000 £477,900,000 £743,970,000
Regional sub total for C&D (tonnes) 5,607,247 4,342,523 1,403,231 11,353,000
Unit Cost £/tonne 5 15 15 Cost £ £28,036,234 £65,137,838 £21,048,462 £114,222,533 TOTAL £ £1,159,395,489
Notes: 1. Assumes no split of inert/non-inert for C&I wastes 2. MSW recycling/composting unit price is based on combined average price of processing at MRF and MSW Composting 3. C&I unit price assumed to be the same as for MSW 4. No allowance has been made for materials processed through CA sites or transfer facilities 5. Landfill Diversion price for assumed to be as per MSW 6. Re-use of C&D assumed to be as per C&D recycling 7. All Inert waste treatment assumed to be £5/tonne except disposal at £15/tonne 8. No allowance made for income gained from sale of recyclables 9. Non-inert landfill costs have been increased by £35/tonne to reflect predicted increase in landfill tax. 10. No allowance has been made for inflation For other assumptions/notes please refer to the technical report tables 4.9, 6.4 and 6.5
88 Appendix 4
(Source: Based on “Study to determine the current and future treatment capacity of the East Midlands Region November 2004, Enviros Consultants, but including updated arisings data from DEFRA and Environment Agency and Local Authorities)
Summary of proposed waste arisings forecasts used to identify future capacity requirements within the East Midlands (in 000s tonnes) based on achievement of RSS policies 38 and 39
Year MSW Commercial Industrial C&D Hazardous Agricultural Total Total Waste Arisings (including waste Waste waste Waste Controlled agricultural waste) Waste 2003/4 2,370 2,322 5,771 9,880 268 5,050 20,611 25,661 2004/5 2,455 2,368 5,713 10,078 268 5,151 20,883 26,034 2005/6 2,544 2,416 5,656 10,279 287 5,254 21,182 26,436 2006/7 2,587 2,440 5,600 10,382 287 5,307 21,296 26,602 2007/8 2,631 2,464 5,544 10,590 287 5,360 21,516 26,875 2008/9 2,676 2,489 5,488 10,696 287 5,413 21,635 27,049 2009/10 2,721 2,514 5,433 10,802 287 5,468 21,758 27,225 2010/11 2,767 2,539 5,379 10,911 287 5,522 21,883 27,405 2011/12 2,815 2,564 5,325 11,020 287 5,577 22,011 27,588 2012/13 2,862 2,590 5,272 11,130 287 5,633 22,141 27,774 2013/14 2,911 2,616 5,219 11,241 287 5,690 22,274 27,964 2014/15 2,960 2,642 5,167 11,354 287 5,746 22,410 28,157 2015/16 2,960 2,642 5,115 11,354 287 5,746 22,358 28,105 2016/17 2,960 2,642 5,064 11,354 287 5,746 22,307 28,054 2017/18 2,960 2,642 5,014 11,354 287 5,746 22,257 28,003 2018/19 2,960 2,642 4,963 11,354 287 5,746 22,206 27,953 2019/20 2,960 2,642 4,914 11,354 287 5,746 22,157 27,903 2020/21 2,960 2,642 4,865 11,354 287 5,746 22,108 27,854 2021/22 2,960 2,642 4,816 11,354 287 5,746 22,059 27,806
Growth Scenarios % increase per annum
MSW Commercial Industrial C&D Hazardous Agricultural 2002-06 3.6 2 -1 2 0 2 2007-15 1.7 1 -1 1 0 1 2016-20 0 0 -1 0 0 0
Notes: Growth scenarios are applied as per the Technical Report Hazardous Waste arisings based on the Enviros report and account for application of Waste Acceptance Criteria from 2005. C&D arisings are based on 2004 ODPM report and are subject to a confidence of +/- 25% to 35%
89 Appendix 5
(Source: Based on study to determine the current and future treatment capacity of the East Midlands Region, November 2004, Enviros Consultants with updated waste arisings data from DEFRA, EA and Local Authorities)
Indicative controlled waste treatment/disposal capacity requirements by Sub-Region for 2010 (000’s tonnes)
Landfi ll 2009/10 Indicative Controlled Waste Treatment Capacity (000s tonnes) Recycling/Composting Re-use Disposal Total Diversion Derby City + Derbyshire MSW (~22% of regional total) 180 122 0 297 598 Leicester City + Rutland +Leicestershire MSW (~22% of regional total) 184 131 0 298 613 Lincolnshire MSW (~14% of regional total) 118 81 0 193 392 Northamptonshire MSW (~15% of regional total) 122 70 0 216 408 Nottingham City + Nottinghamshire MSW (~26% of regional total) 213 128 0 369 710 Regional sub total for MSW 816 532 1,373 2,721 % waste management method applied (of MSW waste stream) 30 19.55 50.45 Derby City + Derbyshire C&I (~24% of regional total) 628 0 0 868 1,314 Leicester City + Rutland + Leicestershire C&I (~24% of regional total) 628 0 0 868 1,505 Lincolnshire C&I (~15% of regional total) 393 0 0 542 1,078 Northamptonshire C&I (~16% of regional total) 419 0 0 578 1,074 Nottingham City + Nottinghamshire C&I (~21% of regional total) 550 0 0 759 1,261 Regional sub total for C&I (including hazardous waste) 2,617 3,615 6,232 % waste management method applied (of C&I waste stream) 42 58.00 Unallocated coke, oil, gas, electricity and water sector arisings 2,002 Derby City + Derbyshire C&D waste (assumed ~23% of regional total) 1,227 0 950 307 2,485 Leicester City + Rutland + Leicestershire C&D (assumed ~23% of regional total) 1,227 0 950 307 2,485 Lincolnshire C&D waste (assumed ~15% of regional total) 800 0 620 200 1,620 Northamptonshire C&D waste (assumed ~15% of regional total) 800 0 620 200 1,620 Nottingham City + Nottinghamshire C&D (assumed ~24% of regional total) 1,280 0 992 320 2,593 Regional sub total for C&D 5,335 4,132 1,335 10,802 % waste management method applied (of C&D waste stream) 49 38.25 12.36 Regional Total 8,769 532 4,132 6,323 21,757
Statutory targets Apportionment Splits maximum landfill that is permissable under LATS). If it is MSW Recycling/Composting Target 30% MSW apportionment split is based on 2003/4 arisings as possible to exceed recovery or recycling targets then LATS disposal targets applied on a County Basis provided by the WDAs. the tonnages expressed in the disposal column will C&I apportionment split is based on the average of : reduce accordingly. Assumptions EMDA Vat Registered businesses @ 2004,Total C&I gas Landfill Diversion refers to technologies including (but MSW waste diverted for recycling/composting is 68% and electicity consumption 2003 and C&I arisings not exclusively) energy from waste, MBT, anaerobic BMW 1998/9 excluding coke, oil, gas electricity and water digestion and gasification/pyrolysis which enable the sector arisings. treatment or recovery of waste such that, in the main, it Residual waste - the model assumes that any residual C&D apportionment split is based on 2003 Technical is not landfilled. Residues from these processes which waste arising from treatment/recovery processes is report (Population split across the Region) cannot be diverted from landfill still need to be included in the tonnages quoted under disposal. accounted for as part of the tonnages quoted under Notes disposal. RSS and WS2000 MSW Recycling/composting target is C&I tonnage to be managed excludes coke, oil, gas, C&D arisings are based upon the 2004 ODPM report achieved electricity and water sector arisings. In tonnage terms and are subject to a confidence level of +/- 25% to 35% the majority of this waste arises from power station Figures may not add up exactly due to rounding C&I recycling/composting rate as per the Technical operations in Nottinghamshire. Nottinghamshire must Report (but excluding coke, oil, gas, electricity and therefore ensure there is provision of treatment or water sector arisings) 42% disposal capacity for the majority of this waste. C&I tonnage includes Hazardous waste arisings C&D waste management techniques continue as per The MSW landfill diversion figure achieves LATS 2003 ODPM survey i.e.: minimum BMW diversion target.Where maximum i. Recycling 49.39% treatment and discovery is planned, tonnages for landfill ii. Re-use for landfill engineering 8.50% diversion and disposal will need to be combined, iii. Recovered via exempt sites & backfill of allowing for a higher recovery tonnage. quarry voids 29.75% Disposal tonnages are provided as an indication of the iv. Disposed of as waste to landfill 12.35% disposal infrastructure that will be required if the (Reuse is defined as including ii and iii above). 38.25% proposed recovery/recycling targets are achieved (In the case of MSW, the disposal tonnage represents the
90 Indicative controlled waste treatment/disposal capacity requirements by Sub-Region for 2015 (000’s tonnes)
Recycling/ Landfi ll 20014/15 Indicative Controlled Waste Treatment Capacity (000s tonnes) Re-use Disposal Total Composting Diversion Derby City + Derbyshire MSW (~22% of regional total) 326 145 0 181 651 Leicester City + Rutland +Leicestershire MSW (~22% of regional total) 333 152 0 181 667 Lincolnshire MSW (~14% of regional total) 213 95 0 118 426 Northamptonshire MSW (~15% of regional total) 222 90 0 132 444 Nottingham City + Nottinghamshire MSW (~26% of regional total) 386 162 0 224 772 Regional sub total for MSW 1,480 644 836 2,960 % waste management method applied (of MSW waste stream) 50 21.76 28.24 Derby City + Derbyshire C&I (~24% of regional total) 624 0 0 862 1,305 Leicester City + Rutland + Leicestershire C&I (~24% of regional total) 624 0 0 862 1,495 Lincolnshire C&I (~15% of regional total) 390 0 0 539 1,071 Northamptonshire C&I (~16% of regional total) 416 0 0 575 1,068 Nottingham City + Nottinghamshire C&I (~21% of regional total) 546 0 0 754 1,253 Regional sub total for C&I (including hazardous waste) 2,601 3,591 6,192 % waste management method applied (of C&I waste stream) 42 58.00 Unallocated coke, oil, gas, electricity and water sector arisings 1,904 Derby City + Derbyshire C&D waste (assumed ~23% of regional total) 1,290 0 999 323 2,611 Leicester City + Rutland + Leicestershire C&D 1,290 0 999 323 2,611 (assumed ~23% of regional total) Lincolnshire C&D waste (assumed ~15% of regional total) 841 0 651 211 1,703 Northamptonshire C&D waste (assumed ~15% of regional total) 841 0 651 211 1,703 Nottingham City + Nottinghamshire C&D (assumed ~24% of regional total) 1,346 0 1,042 337 2,725 Regional sub total for C&D 5,607 4,343 1,403 11,353 % waste management method applied (of C&D waste stream) 49 38.25 12.36 Regional Total 9,688 644 4,343 5,831 22,409
Statutory targets Apportionment Splits possible to exceed recovery or recycling targets then MSW Recycling/Composting Target 50% MSW apportionment split is based on 2003/4 arisings as the tonnages expressed in the disposal column will LATS disposal targets applied on a County Basis provided by the WDAs. reduce accordingly. C&I apportionment split is based on the average of : Landfill Diversion refers to technologies including (but Assumptions EMDA Vat Registered businesses @ 2004,Total C&I gas not exclusively) energy from waste, MBT, anaerobic MSW waste diverted for recycling/composting is 68% and electicity consumption 2003 and C&I arisings digestion and gasification/pyrolysis which enable the BMW 1998/9 excluding coke, oil, gas electricity and water treatment or recovery of waste such that, in the main, it Residual waste - the model assumes that any residual sector arisings. is not landfilled. Residues from these processes which waste arising from treatment/recovery processes is C&D apportionment split is based on 2003 Technical cannot be diverted from landfill still need to be included in the tonnages quoted under disposal. report (Population split across the Region) accounted for as part of the tonnages quoted under disposal. RSS and WS2000 MSW Recycling/composting target is Notes The potential impact of future legislative measures (e.g. achieved C&I tonnage to be managed excludes coke, oil, gas, the agricultural waste regulations) and the housing electricity and water sector arisings. In tonnage terms growth has not been considered C&I recycling/composting as per Technical Report (but the majority of this waste arises from power station C&D arisings are based upon the 2004 ODPM report excluding coke, oil, gas, electricity and water sector operations in Nottinghamshire. Nottinghamshire must and are subject to a confidence level of +/- 25% to 35% arisings) 42% therefore ensure there is provision of treatment or Figures may not add up exactly due to rounding disposal capacity for the majority of this waste. C&D waste management techniques continue as per C&I tonnage includes Hazardous waste arisings 2003 ODPM survey i.e.: The MSW landfill diversion figure achieves LATS minimum BMW diversion target.Where maximum i. Recycling 49.39% treatment and discovery is planned, tonnages for landfill ii. Re-use for landfill engineering 8.50% diversion and disposal will need to be combined, iii. Recovered via exempt sites & backfill of allowing for a higher recovery tonnage. quarry voids 29.75% Disposal tonnages are provided as an indication of the iv. Disposed of as waste to landfill 12.35% disposal infrastructure that will be required if the (Reuse is defined as including ii & iii above). 38.25% proposed recovery/recycling targets are achieved (In the case of MSW, the disposal tonnage represents the maximum landfill that is permissable under LATS). If it is
91 Indicative controlled waste treatment/disposal capacity requirements by Sub-Region for 2020 (000’s tonnes)
Recycling/ Landfi ll 2019/20 Indicative Controlled Waste Treatment Capacity (000s tonnes) Re-use Disposal Total Composting Diversion Derby City + Derbyshire MSW (~22% of regional total) 326 187 0 138 651 Leicester City + Rutland +Leicestershire MSW (~22% of regional total) 333 195 0 139 667 Lincolnshire MSW (~14% of regional total) 213 123 0 90 426 Northamptonshire MSW (~15% of regional total) 222 121 0 101 444 Nottingham City + Nottinghamshire MSW (~26% of regional total) 386 214 0 172 772 Regional sub total for MSW 1,480 840 640 2,960 % waste management method applied (of MSW waste stream) 50 28.39 21.62 Derby City + Derbyshire C&I (~24% of regional total) 608 0 0 840 1,272 Leicester City + Rutland + Leicestershire C&I (~24% of regional total) 608 0 0 840 1,457 Lincolnshire C&I (~15% of regional total) 380 0 0 525 1,044 Northamptonshire C&I (~16% of regional total) 405 0 0 560 1,040 Nottingham City + Nottinghamshire C&I (~21% of regional total) 532 0 0 735 1,221 Regional sub total for C&I (including hazardous waste) 2,534 3,499 6,032 % waste management method applied (of C&I waste stream) 42 58.00 Unallocated coke, oil, gas, electricity and water sector arisings 1,811 Derby City + Derbyshire C&D waste (assumed ~23% of regional total) 1,290 0 999 323 2,611 Leicester City + Rutland + Leicestershire C&D (assumed ~23% of regional total) 1,290 0 999 323 2,611 Lincolnshire C&D waste (assumed ~15% of regional total) 841 0 651 211 1,703 Northamptonshire C&D waste (assumed ~15% of regional total) 841 0 651 211 1,703 Nottingham City + Nottinghamshire C&D (assumed ~24% of regional total) 1,346 0 1,042 337 2,725 Regional sub total for C&D 5,607 4,343 1,403 11,353 % waste management method applied (of C&D waste stream) 49 38.25 12.36 Regional Total 9,621 840 4,343 5,542 22,156
Statutory targets Apportionment Splits proposed recovery/recycling targets are achieved (In MSW Recycling/Composting Target 50% MSW apportionment split is based on 2003/4 arisings as the case of MSW, the disposal tonnage represents the LATS disposal targets applied on a County Basis provided by the WDAs. maximum landfill that is permissable under LATS). If it is possible to exceed recovery or recycling targets then Assumptions C&I apportionment split is based on the average of : the tonnages expressed in the disposal column will MSW waste diverted for recycling/composting is 68% EMDA Vat Registered businesses @ 2004,Total C&I gas reduce accordingly. BMW and electicity consumption 2003 and C&I arisings Landfill Diversion refers to technologies including (but 1998/9 excluding coke, oil, gas electricity and water not exclusively) energy from waste, MBT, anaerobic Residual waste - the model assumes that any residual sector arisings. digestion and gasification/pyrolysis which enable the waste arising from treatment/recovery processes is treatment or recovery of waste such that, in the main, it included in the tonnages quoted under disposal. C&D apportionment split is based on 2003 Technical is not landfilled. Residues from these processes which report (Population split across the Region) cannot be diverted from landfill still need to be RSS and WS2000 MSW Recycling/composting target is accounted for as part of the tonnages quoted under achieved Notes disposal. C&I tonnage to be managed excludes coke, oil, gas, The potential impact of future legislative measures (e.g. C&I recycling/composting as per Technical Report electricity and water sector arisings. In tonnage terms the agricultural waste regulations) and the housing (but excluding coke, oil, gas, electricity and water the majority of this waste arises from power station growth has not been considered sector arisings) 42% operations in Nottinghamshire. Nottinghamshire must C&D arisings are based upon the 2004 ODPM report C&D waste management techniques continue as per therefore ensure there is provision of treatment or and are subject to a confidence level of +/- 25% to 35% 2003 ODPM survey i.e.: disposal capacity for the majority of this waste. Figures may not add up exactly due to rounding C&I tonnage includes Hazardous waste arisings i. Recycling 49.39% The MSW landfill diversion figure achieves LATS ii. Re-use for landfill engineering 8.50% minimum BMW diversion target.Where maximum iii. Recovered via exempt sites & backfill of treatment and discovery is planned, tonnages for landfill quarry voids 29.75% diversion and disposal will need to be combined, v. Disposed of as waste to landfill 12.35% allowing for a higher recovery tonnage. (Reuse is defined as including ii & iii above). 38.25% Disposal tonnages are provided as an indication of the disposal infrastructure that will be required if the
92 Appendix 6
Indicative gap between existing waste treatment and disposal capacity and future capacity requirements
TABLE 1: East Midlands Estimated Waste Treatment and Disposal Capacity 2003 (tonnes)
Lincolnshire Derby City & Leicestershire, Nottingham City, Northamptonshire East Mid- Facility type County Derbyshire County Leicester City, Rutland Nottinghamshire County Council lands Total Council Incineration 12,000 0 150,000 5,000 167,000 (energy recovery) Other incineration 150,000 0 8,000 158,000 (clinical & hazardous) Materials Recovery Facility 47,000 32,000 64,500 41,750 41,750 227,000 Chemical Treatment 0 20 0 20 Physiochemical 75,100 0 32,800 27,700 90,800 226,400 Composting 37,800 66,500 63,000 60,400 139,800 367,500 Physical Treatment 276,400 30,000 769,200 137,100 199,500 1,412,200 Soil Screening & Concrete 356,000 379,800 508,000 804,300 388,800 2,436,900 Crushing& Composting Wood 0 4,000 0 40,000 20,000 64,000 Other (Para 11 exemp- 209,700 296,100 287,800 18,900 113,400 925,900 tions) Other (fuel manufacture) 450 120,100 1,100 50 300 122,000 Other 647,000 0 0 647,000 (biological treatment) Other (not known) 0 0 2 2 Total Treatment Capacity 1,811,450 928,520 1,884,402 1,130,200 999,350 6,753,922 2004 (excluding categories below) 2001 landfi ll rate 1,188,000 1,199,000 1,150,000 1,479,000 567,000 5,583,000
Metals 1,045,000 509,000 1,745,600 1,109,000 1,210,000 5,618,600
Notes also apply to table on following page 94
Notes 1) Treatment Capacity Requirement figures are derived from the apportionment as set out in Appendix 5 and assume achievement of RWS targets 2) 2001 Landfill Rate is based on Waste Disposal Capacity Data as set out in the overview section 3) Current Capacity data is as per the Enviros Report "study to determine the current and future waste treatment capacity of the East Midlands Region". Wherever possible, data on the maximum theoretical capacity of plant and equipment has been used, however Environment Agency data used was based on actual throughput as stated on quarterly returns from licensed sites. 4) Current and future treatment and disposal capacity appears to be distorted by the significant tonnage capacity for metal wastes (over 5.5 million tonnes per annum) and much of this waste (such as end of life vehicles) may not be accounted for in waste arisings data. On this basis, this waste stream has been excluded from the future capacity requirement calculation
93 TABLE 2: Indication of gap between current waste treatment and disposal capacity and future needs as set out in Appendix 5 at 2010, 2015 and 2020 (tonnes).
2010 Indicative Current Derby City & Leicestershire, Lincolnshire Capacity v Required Capacity - Nottingham City, Northamptonshire East Midlands Derbyshire Leicester City, County Waste Treatment and Disposal Nottinghamshire County Council Total County Rutland Council (excluding metals processing) 2010 Total Treatment Capacity 2,925,072 3,129,980 3,115,680 2,108,119 2,154,336 13,433,186 Requirement Indicative Treatment Capacity 1,113,622 2,201,460 1,231,278 977,919 1,154,986 6,679,264 Gap 2003-2010
2010 Disposal Requirement 1,471,445 1,472,554 3,450,070 994,731 935,655 8,324,455 Indicative Disposal Capacity Gap 283,445 273,554 2,300,070 -484,269 368,655 2,741,455 2001-2010
Indicative Treatment and 1,397,067 2,475,014 3,531,347 493,650 1,523,641 9,420,719 Disposal Gap 2010
2015 Indicative Current Derby City & Leicestershire, Lincolnshire Capacity v Required Capacity - Nottingham City, Northamptonshire East Midlands Derbyshire Leicester City, County Waste Treatment and Disposal Nottinghamshire County Council Total County Rutland Council (excluding metals processing) 2015 Total Treatment Capacity 3,201,931 3,407,338 3,434,853 2,297,747 2,333,284 14,675,153 Requirement Indicative Treatment Capacity 1,390,481 2,478,818 1,550,451 1,167,547 1,333,934 7,921,231 Gap 2003-2015
2015 Disposal Requirement 1,365,456 1,366,131 3,219,411 916,720 866,842 7,734,560 Indicative Disposal Capacity Gap 177,456 167,131 2,069,411 -562,280 299,842 2,151,560 2001-2015
Indicative Treatment and 1,567,937 2,645,949 3,619,862 605,267 1,633,776 10,072,790 Disposal Gap 2015
2020 Indicative Current Derby City & Leicestershire, Lincolnshire Capacity v Required Capacity - Nottingham City, Northamptonshire East Midlands Derbyshire Leicester City, County Waste Treatment and Disposal Nottinghamshire County Council Total County Rutland Council (excluding metals processing) 2020 Total Treatment Capacity 3,232,893 3,433,547 3,474,618 2,315,894 2,347,131 14,804,083 Requirement Indicative Treatment Capacity 1,421,443 2,505,027 1,590,216 1,185,694 1,347,781 8,050,161 Gap 2003-2020
2020 Disposal Requirement 1,300,784 1,301,301 3,054,278 871,003 825,330 7,352,696 Indicative Disposal Capacity Gap 112,784 102,301 1,904,278 -607,997 258,330 1,769,696 2001-2020
Indicative Treatment and 1,534,227 2,607,328 3,494,494 577,697 1,606,110 9,819,857 Disposal Gap 2020
94 Indicative waste infrastructure needs by WPA (tonnes)
3,000,000 2,500,000 2,000,000
1,500,000 Indicative Treatment Capacity Gap 2003-2015 1,000,000 Indicative Disposal 500,000 Capacity Gap 2001-2020 - Derby City & Leicestershire, Nottingham City, Lincolnshire -500,000 Derbyshire County Leicester City, Rutland Nottinghamshire County Council Northamptonshire -1,000,000 County Council
(Source: Environment Agency)
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