The Canadian Ent~~s&o'gist

- - Vol. 100 Ottawa, Canada, October 1 29 1968 No. 10

NOTES ON BRUCHIDAE OF AMERICA NORWFMEXICO WITH A LIST OF WORLD GEI^~^^~'~^ L. J. BOTTIMER' Entomology Research Institute, Canada Department of Agriculture, Ottawa

Abstract Can. Ent. 100: 1009-1049 (1968) This paper contains notes affecting the classification of the Bruchidae of United States and Canada, a list of all species found north of AfIexico, and a list of World genera and their type-species. The Mexican Merobrzichzis vacillator (Sharp) is added to the fauna of this area. Transferred from our list to that of Latin America are: Acanthoscelides ca1ifornicu.r (Boheman), Megacerus ez~genie new name for Brucbus micornis Boheman nec Erichson, and Mimosestes innotatits (Pic.). The following are synonynlizecl: Spernwpl~gzis (Zabrotes) se~fiicinctzisHorn (1894) with Zabrotes snbfasciatzis (Bohenlan 1833) ; Brzicbus siibserripes Fall (1910) with Acanthoscelides compressicornis (Schaeffer 1907); Litl~raeus electus Bridwell (1952) with Litbraens elegans (Blanchard 1851); Brzicbus a/lioguttatus Motschoulsky (1874) with Meibomeus in-iisculiis (Say 1831) ; Britcbzis bivzilneratus Horn ( 1873) with Brzicbus abbreviates, inadvertently validated by Say = Sennius abbreviates (Say 1824); Br-nc/~zisnigrinus Horn (1873), B. nictitans Motschoulsliy (1874), and B. depresses Fall (1912) with Sennius cmentatits (Horn 1873) ; Br-nchus pytboniciis Pic (191 3) with Stator midialis (Schaeffer 1907) ; and Brzicl7zis bigzittatus Fabricius (1801) = Bruclms bignttellzis Schocnherr (1833) with Callosobr-ncbus chinensis (Linnaeus 1758). Original spellings of the specific names of two species are revived: Megacerus pygidatis (Mot~~h~~l~liy)nec pygidialis Pic, and Megacms discoidus (Say) nec discoidens: authors. Knichus lividus J. E. LeContc 1824 is placed in our list as an unrccogni~cdspecies. Thirty-five new combinations are proposed.

Introduction The main objects of the present paper arc to tabulate the species of Bruchidac

The Motschonlsky Bruchids from "Amer. bor." A4otschoulsky (1874) presented an extensive treatise of World Bruchidae, including descriptions of more than 120 new species, 10 of these supposedly from 'Research Associate. 1010 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST October 1968 the United States. Motschoulsky had previously journeyed to the United States and to Panama to collect insects, and portions of his travels were published in three letters (A4otschoulslcy 1854, 1855, 1856). The first letter told of his arrival in New York in early October 1853 and of his travels west to Niagara Falls, Buffalo, and Cleveland, then southwest to Cincinnati, Louisville, Lexington, Nashville, and Cairo. He collected extensively along this route, but he reported on only one bruchid. This was taken in the vicinity of the Mammoth Cave in Kentucky, and recorded as follows (Motschoulsky 1854, p. 12): "Dans les fortts qui environment ces souterrains, je ramassai les fruits de 1'Acacia i sucre, clont Ics semences contenaient un beau Bmclxts gris d'une tres grande taille." Although undetermined, this bruchid and its host plant could only have been robiniae Fabricius from the pods of the honey locust, Gleditsia tricauthos. This can be assumed to be the source of his examples of "Sp. robi~~iae"to which he later compared three new species of Spe'i71zoplmgr1s described from Latin America ( A~lotschoulsky 1874, pp. 248, 249). Ill Motschoulsky's second letter, he related Ills experiences on the Isthmus of Panama during most of March 1854. The third letter, for the period April to July 1854, covered his travels from Louisi:~n;i to the nort11c:ist. Among the lo&lities mcntionecl arc New Orlciins, Mobilc, Montgomery, Atl;int:i, the Carolinas, Washington, Philadelphia, and Boston. I-Jc continued his collecting, :mil visited many of the entomologists of the time. J. L. LcConte is mentioned in particular as having named manv of the insects collected in the southeastern States. Motschoulsk~no doubt also obtained material through exchanges and as gifts. Of the 10 Motschoulsky species of Bruchidae with which we are concerned, 4 are recorded from ~alifornia,and 6 are listed as from "Am. bor." or "Amer. bor." with an additional "'Mobile" and "N. Orl." for two species, the only ones with specific locations. It is quite hli-ely tliat Motschoulsl~y obtainid the California material from LeConte, but that he collected the others along the routes indicated above, with the possible exception of varicornis. Bridwell (1938b, p. 5) listed varicornis Motscl~oulsl~yas a synonym of obtectus Say, and this appears to be correct. The present writer places albognttis and ~zictita'nsin synonymy with mscz~lusSay and cruentatw Horn, respectively, from description. ~irectcomparisons are desired before making decisions regarding the status of the remaining seven Motschoulsky species.

Notes on the Classification of Bruchidae Bridwell (1932) defined the family Bruchidae so as to exclude the Old World genera Rhaebus Fischer (1824) and Bmchela Dejean (1821) (Urodon Schoenherr 182 3). Following perhaps most of the earlier writers, he considered Rhaebz~sFischer to be more closely associated with Chrysomelidae than with Bruchidae. Bridwell, however, included in Bruchidae the genus Eubaptus Lacordaire ( 1845), also considered by writers as chrysomeloid in character. He suggested that Bruchela and certain allied genera be placed in a family closely related to Anthribidae. The subfamily Pachymerinae was defined by Bridwell (1929c, p. 142) for the palm bruchids and allies. Amblycerinae, Eubaptinae, and Kytorhinae were proposed as new by Bridwell (1932, p. 103), who used Bruchinae as the fifth subfamily in Bruchidae. Volume 100 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 1011 In their treatment of Russian Bruchidae, Lulcjanovitsch and Ter-Minassian (1957) also used the subfamilies Pachymerinae, Bruchinae, Kytorrhininae (sic), and Amblycerinae, but included Rhaebinaefor the genus Rhaebus. AMBLYCERINAE Bridwell Amblycerinae Bridwell 1932 : 103. Five genera were included in this subfamily when it was first proposed, but later, Bridwell (1946, p. 56) placed one of them in svnonymv. The four remain- ing genera are: Pygospermophagus Pic ( 1917) (misspelled Pygiospermophagus by Bridwell (1932, p. 106)) including a single South African species; Spemw- phagz~s Schoenherr ( 18 3 3) (Euspermophaps Zacher ( 1930) ) which includes essentially all other Old World forms; Zabrotes Horn (1885b) to which 11 American species can be assigned; and Amblycerz~sThunberg (18 15) under which more than 70 New World species and varieties have been listed by Blackwelder (1946), although some of these should be referred to 'iabrotes. ^Spermophagus Schoenherr Spennopbagns Schoenherr 1833: 102. Type-species: Spermopbagns titivilitnis Bolleman (1833). Type by original designation. Euspermopl~agz~sZacher 1930: 237. Type-species: Mylabris sericea Geoffrey 1785: 112. Type by original designation. Spernicitophagns Gistel 1856: 375. Emendation of Spermophagfis Schoenherr. Type-species: Sper~noplmpistitivilitius Boheman 1833: 106. Type by monotypy.. -. Although titiv'il'it'i'iis Boheman has remained unrecognized since its description, Spermopl~a,q'iisSchoenherr was used for nearly 100 years for practically all of the bruchids that now come under the subf;iniil~. Horn (1885b, p. 156)considered the North American rob'm'iae Fabricius as a representative of Sperwoplmgzis and described a linlf dozen ambl~cerinesfrom the United States in his new genus Zabrotcs. Sharp (m5, p. 492) accepted Zabrotes only as 3 section of Spenno- ph~sinchiding "the European S. cardii'i and other astern forms" in addition to the New World species assigned to it. He continued with "I think it possible from the description of S. titlvil'itiiis that it may prove to be structurally more similar to Dr. Horn's Zabrotes than to ~pemopl.;a~usrobiniae." In his citalogue of Bruchidae, Pic (1913a) listed all species of this group under Sper?vop/mgr/s, treating Zabrotes as a subgenus including only the few species described by Horn and Sharp. In his extensive work after that date, Pic continued to use Spernw- phagus for these bruchids except for the one species he assigned to his genus Pygosf~enuopl~~~gm-.Zacher (1930, p. 237), following Horn in considering robiniae Fabricius as typical of Spennoplmgzts, accepted 'Labrotes as a valid American genus, and proposed Ez~spermophagnsfor the Zabrotes-like Old World forms. Bridwell (1930) changed this by proposing the use of Amblycerz~s Thunberg (18 15) for robi~iaeFabricius and its relatives, and later (1946, p. 56) by concluding that S. titivilitizis was an Old World species erroneously recorded from Mexico, and that it was congeneric with the type-spccics of Euspenno- phagiis Zacher, necessitating his placing Ezispermopl~agzisin synonymy with Spermopl~~gz~s. *Spermophagus rufiventris Boheman Boheman (1833, p. 107) described this species from Brasilia and Tauria. Schoenherr (1839, p. 136) added Caucasus to the distribution. Other writers give the Mediterranean Basin, Ostindien, and the Crimea as localities.

*Not known from the United States or Canada. 1012 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST October 1968 As noted by Bridwell (1946, p. 56), this is an Old World Sperv~ophagus, erroneously recorded from Brazil. Along with its relative S. titivilitius, it should be removed from lists of American Bruchidae. No species of Spermophagus (as currently restricted) has become established in the New World, so far as the writer has determined. Am blycerus Thunberg Awblycerus Thunberg 1815: 121. Type-species: "A. nebzilosus, Fabr." designated by Crotch (1870, p. 227), but rejected by Bridwell (1910, p. 29), who then designated as type-spccies: Brucbus robiniae Fabricius (1781). Type by subsequent designation. The use of Amblycerits in Bruchidae as proposed by Bridwell has been accepted by enton~ologistsconcerned except for Bradley (1946)' who strongly claimed Crotch's designation to be valid and binding. The writer has found that opinions of consultants regarding the validity of Crotch's designation are quite cqiially divided, but that most, including the writer, favor having" the in;itter settled pcr~Tiii~~entlyby the Internatioml Commission of Zoological Nomenclature. Because of this, Ainblycms will be used until an official ruling is made.

Fabricins originallv gave ;is the source of his types "I-Libitiit in lV1obiuiae pen~iacaciae,Amcricac scminil)iis. Mns. Dom. Banks." but later (1792) chiiiiged the habitat to read "Americae borealis." Knowing the distrbiution of robi71iae Fabricius and its host plants, we can be certain that Banks collected his material in eastern United States. Because of the use of the common name "locust'' for two distinct American plants, Fabricius either received an erroneous determination of the host plant from Banks, or incorrectly concluded that "locust" referred to Robimia. The specific name robiniae has been very misleading, for the insect has never been reared from any species of Robiuia. Its hosts, so far as known, belong only to the genus Gleditsia. Examinations of several of the older types of B~L~~ZLSand Sperwophqtis will have to be made to evaluate the various names which have been associated with rob'm'iae Fabricius. Amblycerus ez~strophoides(Schaeffer) new combination Spennopl~agziseustrophoides Schaeffer 1904: 228.

Amblycerus vitis ( Schaeffer ) new combination Spernwpl~agusvitis Schaeffer 1907: 293. Zabrotes Horn Zabrotes Horn 1885b: 156. Type-species: Zabrotes cruciger Horn (1885). Type by sub- sequent designation (Zacher 1930, p. 237). Spennophagus (part), authors. Amblycerus (part), Blackwelder 1946. Zacher (1930) showed that Zabrotes Horn was distinct from the related Old World species. Bridwell ( 1946) listed additional differences between Zabrotes and Speiwop/~agz/sSchoenherr (Euspermophaps Zacher). However, these characters were seldom if ever referred to in the older descriptions of members of this complex. Zabrotes, so far as known, always has the abdomen black, while Spermophagus may have the abdomen black or reddish. This color Volume 100 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 1013 character has been mentioned in some instances. S. titivilitiz~sSchoenherr (183 3, p. 106) was described as having a red abdomen and was compared directly with the European S. cardz~irather than with American examples of what we now know as Zabrotes and which Schoenherr and associates had before them at the time. These facts led Bridwell (1946, p. 56) to conclude that S. titivilitius was of European origin.

Zabrotes arenarius (Wolcott) Brzichus arenarks Wolcott 1912: 162. Zabrotes arenarius (Wolcott), Bottimer 1956: 67. The assignment of this bruchid to Mepcems by Bradley (1947, p. 37) proved to be incorrect. The insect remained unknown until 1950 when Mr. Bridwell examined the.type and found it to be a Zabrofes. Later, the writer also examined the unique, discovered it to be a valid species, and, accompanied by M. W. Sanderson, collected additional specimens in the Mason State ores st, Ill., on 29 July 1955. The Canadian National Collection has a series of six examples of this Zabrotes collected in this same locality on 21 May 1953, by J. F. McAlpine.

Zabrotes crz~cigerHorn Zabrotes cruciger Horn 1885b: 157.

Zabrotes densus Horn 'Lal~rotesdensus Horn l8S5b: 157.

Zabrotes obliterat~~sHorn Zahofes obliterates Horn 188517: 158.

Znhrotes pknifrons Horn Ziilirotcs /~/a~~i/Â¥ronHorn 188511: 158.

Zdhrotes spectnbilis Horn Znhrotcs sftectab'ilis Horn 1885l): 157.

Zabrotes s~ibfasciatus(Boheman) Speriuopbas,us sul~fasriatiisBohcman I83 3 : 111. Spcr~/~o/)/.~~rgiisu/r/scr/lus Boheman 1833: 112. Brz~chscingiihtiis Kunzc, Suffrian 1870: 169; Sharp 1885: 493. Brz~chzisleiicogaster Kunze, Sharp 1885: 493. Spcnuophgiis (Zahrotes) pcctoralis Sharp 1885: 492. Spmiot)l}agzis (Zabrotcs) smnici'nctus Horn 1894: 411. NEWSYNONYMY. Spcniiopbagiis pectoralis Say (sic), Back and Duclbeetle which was running along the edge of a box in which groceries were being placed. The insect proved to be 2. sttbfasciatus. Several examinations of packaged beans on shelves of this store were made before 26 October 1956, when a 1-lb bag of infested beans was located. The beans had been packed by a Dallas, Texas, packer, and were undoubtedly Texas-grown. The beans were heavily infested, hundreds having already emerged when discovered and many more were obtained during the following months. The writer considers 2. sitbfasciatz~sto be well established in Texas, and that the name should remain in our list of Bruchidae. So far as is known regardino- the larval host plants of members of the genus 3 Zabrotes, sz~,bfasciatz~sBoheman is the only one responsible for injury to various beans commonly utilized as human food.

*Zabrotes semifasciatus (Boheman) new combination spc~~zop~~~gzisse7i1ifascifltus Bohen~an1839: 137. Amblycerz~ssei/nfasciatits (Bolicman), Blackwelder 1946: 763. This species was described from "Sanct. Barthelemv. A. Dom. Forstroen~". As noted under 2.subfasciatvs, Boheman may have associated his examplc(s) of this species with those of sz~bfasciatziswhen describing the latter (183 3, p. 11 1), but later (1839, p. 112) decided that the St. Barthelen~v form was distinct. References of sewifmciatus attacking cultivated beans to 2. .~ztbfasciatzis. We therefore know nothing regarding the hosts nor habits of 2. sc~sciatus except that it is a typical American 'Zabrotes distinct from siibfmciat-iis.

Znbrotes subnitens Horn 'Labrotcs siih'n'itcns Horn lS85b: 158.

BRUCHINAE Pic Bruchinac Pic 19130: 6. As used by Pic (1913a) Bruchinae included the entire family Bruchidac as later defined by Bridwcll (1932, p. 101), cxccpt that the latter author added to the family the somewhat aberrant Eubaptinae. As now used as a subfamily Bruchinae still includes most of the known genera and species of the world. It was sub- divided by Bridwell (1946, p. 53) into the following four tribes, all of which have representative genera in North America: Acanthoscelidini, Bruchidiini, Bruchini, and Megacerini. Acanthoscelidini Bridwell Acanthoscclidini Bridwell 1946: 53. This tribe was proposed for ten American genera, of which Acai'ithoscelides Schilsky and Gibbobn~hz~sPic have relatives in our area. At the same time, Bridwell (pp. 54, 55) briefly described eleven new genera based upon species occurring in the United States and Canada. The majority of American bruchids belong to this tribe. 1016 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST October 1968 Abutiloneus Bridwell Abutilonens Bridwcll 1946: 55. Type-species: Abutiloneus idonens Bridwell (1946, p. 55) Bruchns flavicornis Sharp (1885) nec Bruchus fiavicornis Fabricius (1792). Type by monotypy. As noted by Kingsolver (1965, p. 125), Bridwell was not certain that his idoneus was specifically identical with fiavicomis Sharp. This uncertainty is reflected in Bridwell's scatenlent following the description: "Abutilonezts idoneus, n. gen. and new sp. (Bmchns flavicornis [Sharp] Schaeffer, 1907, and perhaps Sharp, 1885; not Brzich-iis flavico~nis Fabricius 1792) ." Of the 12 new genera described in his 1946 paper, Abz~tiloneusis the only one in which Bridwell did not cite an included species as "genotype", since he indicated a possibility of there being two species involved under the names idoiieus Bridwell and fiavicomis Sharp. Bridwel17s uncertainty is further reflected in his considering' fi'avicor17is Sharp as preoccupied by fitivicomis Fabricius, but not feeling free to propose a new riame for the former. Ill his recent treatment of Abz~tiloneus,Kingsolver (1965) found the male genitalia of one of Sharp's ftavicor71is identical with those of males of idoueus Bridwell and concluded that the two forms were identical. The writer had earlier confirmed his belief that there wiis but one species involved through the com- parison of paratypes of idoiicvs Bridwell from the writer's collection (now in CNC) with tlie ivpc of flav'icornis Sharp in the British Museum. Of the 26 species listed by Fitbricius (1792) under Bri/clws, flavirorin's Fabricius (1792) was one of five which were later transferred to other genera. Fabricius still listed it as a 111-z~ch-nsin 1801. Brnclx~sflavicorvis Fabricius (1792) is here considered a valid binomial in Brnchns making Bnichns fJuvicomis Sharp (1885) a primary homonym, the latter name being replaced by ido'nens Bridwell. Kingsolver (1965) used A. fiav'iccmis (Sharp) for the one species in the genus, neglecting to consider, until too late, the earlier use of the same name by Fabricius, and the writer here makes the necessary change.

Abutiloneus idoneus Bridwell Bruchns flavicornis Sharp 1885: 480; Townsend 1903: 88; Schaeffer 1907: 296. Abutiloneits idoneus Bridwell 1946: 55. Abutilonezis "flavicomis Shp. (not Fab.)," Blackwelder and Blackwelder 1948: 45 [as synonym of A. idoneusl. Abz~tilo~zez~sflavicornis (Sharp), Kingsolver 1965: 125. Bmclms fiavicorvis Sharp was described from Guanjuato, Mexico. Townsend (1903, p. 88) extended the Mexican distribution by reporting the insect from Matamoras, Tamaulipas, and he reported it for the first time from the United States from Brownsville and San Diego, Texas. Schaeffer (1907, p. 296) recorded the insect from Lower California.

Acanthoscelides Schilsky Acantbocelides Schilsky 1905: C. Acantboscelides (emendation) Schilsky 1905: No. 95. Type-species: Brvchns obtectus Say (1831) erroneously cited by Schilsky (1905, No. 98) as a synonym of Acmtboscelides irresectus (Fahraeus 1839). Type by subsequent designation (Bridwell 1929a, p. 42). In his 1905 paper, Schilskv listed four bruchids under Acanthocelides on page iv, mentioned his new Acanthocelides on page f, briefly characterized it in a key to genera on page C, and used the name again in a key to four species on page LL. Later in the paper he redescribed four species under his new genus, Volume 100 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 1017 but amended the name to read Acanthoscelides. This latter spelling has been adopted as correct.

Acanthoscelides aequalis (Sharp) Bruchits aequalis Sharp 1885: 481. Acanthoscelides aeqzlalis (Sharp), Moreno and Bibby 1943: 23. This Mexican species was described from Guanajuato and Toxpam. Schaeffer (1907, p. 304) reported it near Brownsville, Texas.

Acantlzoscelides alboscutellalus (Horn) Bruchus alboscutellatus Horn 1873 : 334. Bruchus albiscutellatw (sic) Horn, Ashmead 1894: 328. Acanthoscelides alboscutellatus (Horn), Bottimer 1935: 128. Bruchus alboscutellaris (sic) Horn, Zacher 1952: 461.

Acanthoscelides atomus (Fall) Brzichus atowus Fall 1910: 188. AcanthosceUdes atomus (Fall), Bottimer 1935: 128.

Acanthoscelides aureolus (Horn) Brz~cbusaureolzis Horn 1873: 328. Acanthoscelides mreolzis (Horn), Blackwelder 1946: 758. Schaeffer (1907, p. 299) claimed that with a large series, meohis Horn and faitpercztlus LeConte were inseparable. Fall ( 1910,~.184) correctly disagreed with Schaeffer and gave differences between the two species. Leng (1920, p. 305), however, followed Schaeffer in listing anrcolz~sHorn as a synonym of paitpercitlns LeConte. These two species are quite unrelated. Fall (1910, p. 184) definitely synonymized fratc~cz/lz/sHorn with aureolas Horn, hut these two species arc here considered distinct, pending a tl-ioro~igh study of types and genitalia of members of the fraterc/~lzts-mreoliis complex.

Acanthoscelifles hisignatus (Horn) Kriic/.~iisbisig17~~ti1.r I-lorn 1873 : 330. Acant/~oscclidt'shJsignatits (Horn), Glick 1939: 36.

Acanthoscelides biustulus (Fall) new combination Brnchiis bilistdzis Fall 1910: 178.

Acanthoscelides brunneostictiis (Fall) new combination Brucbiis bnmneo.rtictii.f Fall 1912: 322.

*Acanthoscelides californicus (Boheman) new combination Br11clxis cdifornicz~sBoheman 1859: 1 I 4. In his treatment of the Bruchidae of the United States, Horn (1873, p. 342) listed Bntclms atomriiis, B. californicus, and B. ra7~~icornisas three species des- cribed by Boheman from the voyage of the "Eugenic" and claimed to have been from California. Horn expressed doubt that these insects had been correctly labeled and stated that they were probably from the west coast of South America. Other authors have questioned the accuracy of Boheinan's California localities. Boheman's Arzthicidae were examined by Werner (1958, p. 213), who reported that although all of the several species described were based wholly or in part on specimens labeled California, they must be of Neotropical origin rather than Nearctic. This same situation could exist in the case of the three bruchids men- 1018 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST October 1968 tioned above. B. atoniarms = Acanthoscelides chilensis has already been con- sidered a Chilean species, so the writer feels justified in considering the other two as South American, pending examination of types. B. rainwornis is discussed under Megacerus. B. califomicus was described from "California, Insula Puna." The latter locality probably refers to Puma Island, off Ecuador. The species is tenlporarily assigned to Acanthoscelides.

Acanthoscelides calvus (Horn) Britchiis calviis Horn 1873: 336. Acantl~oscelidescalvus (Horn), Bridwell 1925: 80.

*Acanthoscelides chilensis (SchilskY) Jlrnchvs ato'lliiirbis Bolic111:in 1859: 1 15. B;Â¥uc/.Â¥I~chilensis Schilsky 1905: No. 20 (Brncbiis atoiiiarius Bolicmm 1859 ncc Brucl~us ato7narius (Linnacus) 1761 ) . This species was described from "Valparaiso, California." Schilsky proposed the new name and listed the insect from Chile only.

Acar~thoscelideschiricahune (Fall) new combination JSnichtii- chiric~r/.waeFall 1910: 181.

Acmt?zo.~celi~lescollusiis (Fall) new conibin a t'ion lir7/c/.v/s rollums Full 1910: 176.

Acanthoscelides compressicornis (Schaeffer) Brucb-iis co111pressicor77i.r Schacff cr 1907: 305. Bmcl~r/ssubserripes Fall 1910: 183. NEWSYNONYMY. Acanthoscelides co~~~~rcssicornis(Schacffcr), Mucsebeck et al. 1951: 509. Fall failed to recognize this species from the description partly, no doubt, because Schaeffer erred in describing the fourth joint of the antenna of the male as being longer than the second and third together instead of its being shorter than either of the two preceding joints. Also the three small well-separated spines on the lower margin of the hind femora of his types were not mentioned bv Schaeffer. This synonymy has been known to the writer for some time from description before it was verified by examining the Fall type in 1959.

Acanthoscelides distinguertdus (Horn) Bruchus distinguendus Horn 1873 : 336. Acanthoscelides distinguendus (Horn), Bissell 1940: 846. Tile writer discovered that the first specimen of Horn's type series of two examples from Georgia was obsoletus Say and the second a distinct species. The latter was designated Jectotype of ~ruchi/sdisti~igiiendus Horn by the writer (1968b, p. 286). Acanthoscelides floridae (Horn) Brnchus floridae Horn 1873: 332. Acantl~oscelidesfloridae (Horn), Brett 1946: 84.

Acanthoscelides f raterculus (Horn ) Brucl~usfraterczilus Horn 1873 : 33 1. Acantl~oscelides fraterculus (Horn), Trelease and Trelease 1937: 448. As noted under aureolus Horn, this species was considered a synonym of az~~eolzisby Fall (1910, p. 184). For the present it is treated as distinct. Volume 100 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST

Acanthoscelides fumatus (Schaeffer ) new combination Bruchus fumatus Schaeffer 1907: 302.

Acanthoscelides griseolus ( Fall ) Bruchus griseolus Fall 1910: 175. Acanthoscelides griseolus (Fall), Bridwell 1923a: 79-80.

Acanthoscelides horni (Pic ) Bruchzis exiguus Horn 1873: 341. Brucbus horni Pic 1912: 92 (Bruchus exiguns Horn 1873 nec Brucbus exiguus Rosenhauer 1856). Acanthoscelides horni (Pic), Caffrey 1943 : 27. Pending an examination of types and a study of genitalia of the Amorpha bruchids, A. horni (Pic) is treatedas distinct. Should it prove to be synonymous with szibm~ticz~sSharp, as presumed by Bridwell, the Sharp name would take precedence over that proposed by Pic.

Acanthoscelides inquisitus (Fall ) new combination Brzichzu inquisitus Fall 1910: 180.

Acanthoscelides lobatus ( Fall ) new combination Brnchm lobatus Fall 1910: 182.

Acanthoscelides longistilus (Horn) Brnchw longistilus Horn 1873: 339. Bruchns longistylus (sic) Horn, Ulke 1902: 30; Brimley 1938: 232. Acantboscelides longlstilus (Horn), Brid well 1936: 186. AcanthosceHdes longistylus (sic) Horn, Glick 1957: 9.

Acanthoscelides macrophthalmus ( Schaeffer ) new combination Bruchns wacrop~~t/~a/11msschaeffcr 1907: 300.

Acanthoscelides rnixtz~s (Horn ) new combination Brzichns 711i,~tusHorn 1873: 331.

Acanthoscelides obsoletus (Say ) Brzicl~zisobsolete Say 1831: 2. Acantl~oscelidesobsoletus (Say), Yip 1936: 625. The confusion in literature regarding obsoletzis, obtectus, and distingtiendw has been discussed recently by the writer ( 1968b).

Acanthoscelides obtectus ( Say ) Brztcl~zisobtectus Say 1831: 1. Brzfcl~zisvaricomis Motschoulsky 1874: 239. Acantl~oscelidesobtectus (Say), Schilsky 1905: No. 98. The early American literature pertaining to A. obtectzis, the "bean weevil", was presented by the writer (1968b), but synonymy on a world-wide basis was not discussed. Bridwell (1938b, p. 5) synonymized varicornis Motschoulsky with obtectus Say.

Acanthoscelides ochraceicolor ( Pic ) Brzichus ochraceus Schaeffer 1907: 303. Bruchus ochraceicolor Pic 1913b: 110 (Brnchus ochraceus Schaeffer 1907 nec Bruchus ochraceus (Baudi 1886) ) [Mylabris ochracea}. Acanthoscelides ochraceicolor (Pic), Wolcott 1936: 286. Acantl~osceledes(sic) ochraceicolor (Pic), Moreno and Bibby 1943 : 23. 1020 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST October 1968 .:

Acanthoscelides pauperculus ( LeConte ) Bruchus pauperculus LeConte 1857: 52. Acanthoscelides pauperculus (LeConte) , Bottimer (19686: 285). Acanthoscelides pectoralis (Horn ) Bruchus pectoralis Horn 1873: 333. Acanthoscelides pectoralis (Horn), Bradley 1947: 40.

Acanthoscelides perforatus (Horn ) Bruclx~sperforatus Horn 1873 : 335. Acanthoscelides perforatus (Horn), Bradley 1947: 40. Acanthoscelides perplexus (Fall) new combination Bruchw perplexus Fall 1910: 177.

Acanthoscelides prosopoides ( Schaeff er ) new combination Bruchits prosopoides Schaeffer 1907: 299.

Acanthoscelides pugiunculus ( Fall ) new combination Bruchus puglmicitlus Fall 1910: 178.

Acanthoscelides pulloides ( Fall ) new combination Brnchs pulloides Fall 1910: 179.

Acanthoscelides pullus ( Fall ) Bruchus pullus Fall 1910: 180. Acantboscelides pz~llzis (Fall), Bridwell 1923b: 260.

Acanthoscelides quadridentatus ( Schaeffer ) new combination Bruchns quadridentatus Schaeffer 1907: 304. Acantboscelides duadridentamm (sic) (Schaeffer) Moreno and Bibby 1943: 23.

Acanthoscelides rufovittatus ( Schaeffer ) new combination Brucbus rufovittatus Schaeffer 1907: 303.

Acanthoscelides schaefferi (Pic) new combination Bruchus rufescens Schaeffer 1907: 304. Bruchus schaefferi Pic 1912: 92 (Bruchus rufescens Schaeffer (1907) nec Bruclgz~srufescens Motschoulsky (1874) ) . Acanthoscelides schrankiae (Horn) Bruchus schrankiae Horn 1873: 339. Acanthoscelides sclsrankiae (Horn), Bissell 1940: 846.

Acanthoscelides seminulum (Horn ) Bruclsus serninulum Horn 1873 : 342. Acantboscelides seminulum (Horn), Bottimer 1935 : 129.

Acanthoscelides speciosus ( Schaeff er ) new combination Bruchus speciosus Schaeffer 1907: 301.

Acanthoscelides submuticus ( Sharp ) Bruchus submutlcus Sharp 1885: 455. Acanthoscelides submuticus (Sharp), Glick 1939: 36. Sharp's type series was furnished by Morrison from "Northern Sonora." As noted by the writer (1961, p. 294), examples from Huachuca Mts., Ariz., were Volume 100 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 1021 considered to be submiiticus Sharp, and that Bridwell had applied the name to examples which would otherwise have been named horni Pic (exiguus Horn) without publishing his reasons. In the absence of a thorough study of types and genitalia of the bruchids living in pods of Amorpha sip., sztbmuticz~sSharp, horni Pic, and floridae Horn are treated here as distinct.

Acanthoscelides tenuis Bottimer Acanthoscelides tennis Bottimer 1935: 127.

? Acanthoscelides mundulus ( Sharp ) Bruchus ¥nzzindz~lziSharp 1885: 448. Acantboscelides ~zzindz~lus(Sharp), Blackwelder 1946: 760. This bruchid was described from a single specimen from Guanajuato, Mexico. The writer (1961, p. 294) recorded the insect from the Mexican states of Jalisco and Puebla, and, for a new United States record, from Arizona, where examples have been collected in the Baboquivari and the Coyote Mountains. This bruchid is definitely not an Acanthoscelides, nor can it be assigned to any genus available at present.

Algaro bius Bridwell Algarobhts Bridwell 1946: 54. Type-species: Bruchus prosopis LeConte (1858). Type by monotypy. Algarobius prosopis ( LeConte ) Bruchus prosopis LeConte 1858: 77. Bruchus uniforvnis LcConte 1858: 77. Brncbus desertorwn LcContc 1858: 78. Bri~chnszinifonnis Horn (sic), Fall 1901: 29, 160. Brzicbtis dt.~scrtorirmHorn (sic), Schacff cr 1907: 292. Algarohins prosopis (LcContc) , Bridwell 1946: 54. Tlic three LeConte species were synony~nixcdby Fall (1910, p. 174), who proposed prosopis for the species as being more appropriate even though its description followed that of wiifor~is. Leng (1920, p. 305) listed the species as zm'iforwis, but Bridwell (1946, p. 54) correctly followed Fall's choice of prosopis. Blackwelder (1946, pp. 759, 760) listed desertkn and prosopis as distinct species in Mexico. Althaeus Bridwell Ahhaeus Bridwell 1946: 55. Type-species: Bnicbns hibisci Olivier (1795). Type by 1110110typy. Althaeus hibisci ( Olivier ) Brnchiis l~ibisciOlivier 1795: 2 1. Bruchs transversus Say 1831: 3. Brzichus transvexus (sic) Say, Horn 1873: 338. Ahhaens bibisci (Olivier), Bridwell 1946: 55. Horn (1873, p. 316) evidently was the first to synonymize B. transversus with B. hibisci. Cercidiestes Bridwell Cercidiestes Bridwell 1946: 55. Type-species: Bruchus ulkei Horn (1873 ) . Type by monotypy. Cercidiestes ulkei (Horn ) Brz~chzisulkei Horn 1873: 324. Cercidiestes zilkei (Horn), Bridwell 1946: 55. 1022 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST October 1968 Gibbobruchus Pic Gibbobruclxis Pic 1913b: 110. Type-species: Bruchus (Pachymerus) speculifer Gyllenhal (1833). Type by subsequent designation (Bridwell 1932, p. 105). Pic (1913 b, p. 1 10) briefly described Gibbobruchus as a subgenus of Pachy- mews for "P. speculifer Gylh., polycoccus Fhr. et voisons." Bridwell (1932, p. 105) elevated Gibbobn~cl3z~sto generic rank.

Gibbobruchus mimus (Say) Brucl~zisinimus Say 183 1: 2. Bruclnis crataegi Fahraeus 1839: 119. Bruchzls wzurinus (sic) Say, Schoenherr 1839: 132 [error for 71zi1nus Say]. Brucbus borealis Schoenherr 1839: 132 (Bruchus murimis Say nec Bruchns inurinus Boheman). Gibbobrucbtis mimus (Say), Bridwell 1938a: 74. Bruchus mi7)zus Say was unknown to Schoenherr and associates when Fahraeus (1839, p. 119) described a female r~~ir~nisSay as Bnichs crataegi from "Carolina Americae borealis." Schoenherr ( 1839, p. 132) erred in writing Say's rnirms as 7)1z~rirzz~s,and because of the earlier use of Brucl~zisvn1ri1111s by Boheman, proposed the new name boredis for r)$wus. The original spelling of the Bohenian species was 71~arhis,but inasmuch as Bohcnian (1833, p. 79) emended the name to i/r/~r/'/~z/s, tlic Litter spelling can be accepted as correct. * Lithraeus Bridwell Lithraezis Bridwell 1952b: 125. Type-species: Bruchus elegans Blanchard (1851 ) (Litl~raez/s electus Bridwell (1952b) new name for Briichiis elegans Blanchard (1851) nec kcbus elegans Sturm (1843) ) . Type by monotypy.

Lithraeus elegans ( Blanchard ) new combination Brz~chvselegans Blanchard 1851: 294. Litl~raez~selectus Bridwell 1952b: 125. NEW SYNONYMY. Bmchns elepns Sturm (1826) is a catalogue name which was later published by Gemminger and Harold (1873, p. 3222) as a synonym of Bruchus cl~/'7ze1zsis Linnaeus. The name elegans appeared in Sturm's second catalogue (1843, p. 178) as a synonym of Bruchus qz~adri~~zaculatusFabricius. In no case is there descrip- tive matter which might validate the name. Bridwell (1952b, p. 125) stated that Bruchus elegam Sturm (1843) is a valid binomial, but with no further comment. He had previously validated Bruchinus and Megacerus as genera in Bruchidae because they were first cited in synonymy with validly described species. These names have been accepted by the writer and will be discussed later. It is evident that Bridwell considered Sturm's treat- ment of B. elegans to be comparable to the two cases mentioned, and therefore to be valid and requiring a new name for the preoccupied B. elegans Blanchard. Article 11 (d) of the Code of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, dealing with availability of names cited in synonymy (see Bruchinus) specifically limits such cases to the first publication of the manuscript name. Since B. elegans Sturm first appeared in print in 1826 as a catalogue name with no synonymy involved, Bridwell's conclusion is rejected.

Meibomeus Bridwell Meibomeus Bridwell 1946: 54. Type-species: Bruchus musculus Say (1831). Type by monotypy. Volume 100 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Meibomeus musculus (Say) Brucbus musculus Say 1831: 3. Bruchus erytbrocerus Riley 1871: 55. Bruchus albogunis Motschoulsky 1874: 215. NEWSYNONYMY. Meibomeus musculus (Say), Bridwell 1946: 54. Riley (1871, p. 55) described a bruchid under the manuscript name of Bnichus erythrocerus Dejean sufficiently to validate Bruchtis erythrocems Riley (1871). The Riley name was synonymized with M. 7nusculus by the writer (1968b, p. 288). B. albogiittis Motschoulsky (1874, p. 215) was described from "Am. bor. Mobile." Of the ~otschoulsk~species of Bruchus listed from our area, alboguttis is perhaps the most readily recognized from description alone.

Mero bruchus Bridwell Merobruchus Bridwell 1946: 54. Type-species: Bruchus julianus Horn (1894). Type by monotypy. Merobruch,us major ( Fall ) Bruchw flexicanlis Schaeffer mss. 1904: 229. Bruchus jz~lianns: Schaeffer 1904: 229 (part); 1907: 305 (part); Cushman 1911: 491, 506. Brucbits major Fall 1912: 321. Mylabris jzilianzis: Boving 1927: 133-143. Acanthoscelides flexicaulis (Schaeffer) , Anonyn~ous1942: 7. Merobruclms 7uajor (Fall), Bradley 1947: 41. Merobrzuhus flexicaulis (Schaef.) , Wheeler et al. 1950: 23. Johnson (1968, p. 265) reviewed the history of this species which had been variously recorded as jz1lia7zzis Horn, flexicmilis Schaeffer mss., or major Fall, and concluded that major was the valid name. He failed to note, however, that Bradley (1947, p. 41) had also considered that major Fall belonged to Mero- bruchns and published the new con~bination. Schaeft'er (1904, p. 229) discussed under Rnichiis jziliamis Horn, the large bruchid to which he had applied the manuscript name /lexicazilis, presenting characters that differed from those of Horn's types of jz!liamts. Schaeffer's characterization of the larger bruchid from Brownsville, Texas, was considered by Barber and Bridwell (about 1930) sufficient to validate the name B. flexicaulis ~bhaeffer,and they used the name in determinations without publishing their conclusion. As a direct result of this action, several references of flexicaiilis having been intercepted from Mexico have been published, an anonymous name (1942) and Wheeler et al. ( 1950) being given as examples. In no case, however, is the specific name accompanied by both the name of the original author and the date, so flexicaz~lis Schaeffer fails to meet the requirements for validation of. a manuscript name first published as a synonym as set forth in Article ll(d), emended 1962, of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, and the insect should continue to be known as M. major (Fall). Merobrucbiis major (Fall) may be added to the Blackwelder list of Latin American bruchids based upon the Mexican records noted above, and upon one example at hand from 30 miles south of Matamoros, Tamp., Mexico, taken 12 June 1958, by J. C. Schaffner. The following references of juliamis Horn pertain to major Fall, as verified by the writer: Cushman (191 1, p. 491) reported rearing the species from pods of the Texas ebony (Siderocarpus flexicaule) from Corpus Christ!, Harlingen, and Victoria, Texas; and in his paper on bruchid larvae, Boving's (1927) treatment of 1024 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST October 1968 juliamts Horn was based upon material obtained from Siderocarpus seeds and therefore refers to major Fall. Turner (1960, p. 28) used Pithecellobiurn flexicaule (Bentham) Coulter as the proper name of the Texas ebony. The genus is sometimes spelled Pithecol- lobinm. The species had previously been placed in the genera Acacia and . Siderocarpus. Merobruchus julianus (Horn) Bruchns julianus Horn 1894: 410. Bruchns ochreolineatus Fall 1910: 186. Brvcl~z4sochrolineatus (sic) Fall, Pic 1913a: 38. Aierobrnchus julianus (Horn), Bridwell 1946: 54. As noted above, several of the early references to juliaws Horn referred to wajor Fall. Fall (1910, p. 186) mistook the large relative of juliamis from Brownsville, Texas, as typical julianus and described the western form as ocbreo- lineatiis. Later (1912, p. 321) he placed his ochreolineatus in synonymy with Horn's jul'iamis and proposed wa-jor for the south Texas form.

Merobruchus knulli (White) new combination Brncbus knulli White 1941: 189. Merobruchus placidus (Horn) Bruchvs placidus Horn 1873: 341. h!erobriicbus placidus (Horn),Johnson 1968: 264. Merobruchus vacillator (Sharp) new combination Brac/.1z/s vacillator Sharp 1885: 457. This species was described from a single example from Guanajuato, Mexico. It is here added to our list, based upon one specimen collected by Howden and Becker at Oak Spring, Big Bend National Park, Texas, 8 May 1959.

Mimosestes Bridwell Minzosestes Bridwell 1946: 54. Type species: Bruchus sallaei Sharp (1885). Type by monotypy. Mimosestes amicus (Horn) Brucbus amicus Horn 1873: 33 1. Mimosestes amicus (Horn),Muesebeck et al. 1951: 467.

* Mimosestes innotatus ( Pic ) new combination Bruchus inornatus Horn 1873: 330. Brucbus innotatus Pic 1912: 92 (Bruchus inornutus Horn (1873) nec Brucbus inornatus Kiister (18.50)). Bruchzts inornatus was described from a single example from the Middle States, but the species has not been recognized since its description. The writer had suspected for a long time that the species was not native to the locality given by Horn and that it might possibly be sallaei Sharp, a Mexican species later found to be abundant in Texas. The writer was able to examine the male holotype recently in the LeConte collection in Cambridge, through the kindness of P. J. Darlington, Jr. The insect resembles sallaei Sharp to a considerable extent, having the deeply caniculate hind femur of the male of that species. It is a Mimosestes, distinct from sallaei, but very closely related to the widely distributed form determined as dominicamis Jekel by Bridwell. It is quite definitely foreign to the United States, and the writer suggests its removal from our list of Bruchidae and Volume 100 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 1025 its addition to that of Blackwelder (1946) covering Latin American species. It should be treated as a distinct species pending comparison with authentic domini- cams and possibly with other relatives of Latin America. Mimosestes protractus (Horn) new combination Bruchus protractus Horn 1873 : 332. Bruchus longiventris Sharp 1885: 476. B. protractus was described from a single example from Lower California. In describing B. longiventris from specimens collected by Morrison in Arizona and northern Sonora, Sharp (1885, p. 476) stated that it may possibly prove to be identical with B. protractzts. Horn (1886, p. xi) placed B. longiventris Sharp in synonymy with B. protractus Horn. In Pic's (1913~)list of World Bruchidae, both of the above names were listed as valid species, the author evidently having overlooked Horn's note on synonymy.

Mimosestes sallaei ( Sharp) Bruchus sallaei Sharp 1885: 475. Bruchns sallei (sic) Sharp, Pic 1913: 47. Mylabris sallei (sic) (Sharp), Leng 1920: 305. Mimosestes sallaei (Sharp), Bridwell 1946: 54. Sharp's material was from Guanajuato and Sail Luis Potosi, Mexico, and from San Geronimo, Guatemala. Schaeffer (1907, p. 300) reported the species from Lower California, and from near Brownsville, Texas, the latter being a new record for the United States. Pic's emendation of the spelling of the specific name, followed by Leng, appears to have been unnecessary.

Neltumius Bridwell Neltmiiis Bridwcll 1946: 54. Typc-spccics: Brvcl~iis arizonensis Schaeffer (1904). Type by monotypy. Neltumius arizonensis ( Schaeffer ) Brzichis arizont"~isisSchaeffcr 1904: 229. Neltu'wiiis arizonensis (Schacffer) , Bridwell 1946: 54.

Neltumius gibbithorax ( Schaeffer ) Bruchus gibbithorax Schaeffer 1904: 230. Neltumiw gibbotl~orax (sic) (Schaeffer) , Bradley 1947: 36.

Neltumius texanus ( Schaeffer) Bruchw texamis Schaeffer 1904: 23 1. Neltumizis texanus (Schaeffer) , Bradley 1947: 36.

Sennius Bridwell Sennhis Bridwell 1946: 55. Type-species: Brz~cl~ziscruentatus Horn (1873). Type by monotypy.

Sennius abbreviatus ( Say) new combination curculio abbreviatus Melsheimer 1806: 30. Bruchus abbreviates Say 1824: 307, 308. Bruchus bivitlneratus Horn 1873: 325. NEWSYNONYMY. Sennius bivulneratus (Horn), Bradley 1947: 39. Cz~rczdioabbreviatzls is a catalogue name appearing in "A catalogue of insects of Pennsylvania" by I?. V. Melsheimer ( 1806). 1026 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST October 1968 In describing Bruchus discoidus, Say (1824, pp. 307, 308) wrote, "It is closely allied to Curculio abbreviatus of Melsh. Catal. (which is a Bruchus), but is much larger, and further distinguished by the anal spots." This statement, in connec- tion with the description preceding it, is sufficient to validate Bruchus abbreviatus as a Say species. Dohrn (1879, p. 187) reported that examples of BY. abbreviatus Melsh., originally from the vicinity of Baltimore [Maryland], sent to Horn were determined as Bruchus bivulneratus.

Sennius auctus (Fall ) new combination Brucl~usaz~ctus Fall 1910: 166.

Sennius celatus (Sharp ) Bruchns celatus Sharp 1885: 449. Seiznius celatus (Sharp), Bottinler 1961: 294. Sharp's material was from Panama. The writer (1961, p. 294) reported the insect from several Mexican localities, and also from southern Texas where it was first collected in 1936.

Sennius cruentatus (Horn ) Brz4cI~'nscr~iematris Horn 1873: 325. Brzic/.ms inv,ri~z'iisHorn 1873: 327. NEWSYNONYMY. Brncbiis izictitans h~otschoulsl~y1874: 241. NEW SYNONYMY. Brucl~usdepressus Fall 1912: 32 1. NEWSYNONYMY. Senn'ws crueiztatus (Horn), Bridwell 1946: 55. Seiziziz~snigriizus (Horn), Bradley 1947: 39. B. crueiitatus was described from Georgia, Illinois, Texas, and "Dacota". Horn noted variation in the size of the rufoususpot on the elytra and in the color of the legs. The description of B. nigrimis was based upon three specimens from the Middle States. This form was said to resemble crz/e~ztatz~sin form but to lack the red spot on the elytra. Both Schaeffer (1907, p. 296) and Fall (1910, p. 166) intimated that Horn had but one variable species under the names cruentatus and nigri~zz~s,but neither formally declared nigrimis a synonym. B. nigrinus Horn is here considered a synonym of B. cnientatiis Horn. B. nictitms was described from "Am. bor. in sem. Cassiae nictitanti." Motschoulsky7s material, therefore, was reared from this well-known sensitive plant, probably during his first journey from New York to southern Illinois late in the fall of 1853. Mr. Bridwell and the writer independently discovered the host plant of S. cruewatus in the eastern United states to be Cassia nictitans Linnaeus, the adults starting to emerge in October. B. depressus was described from three Florida examples, questionably from Orlando. The impression on the prothorax before the scutellum, mentioned by Fall, is present only in the type, and it is due to a mechanical injury. In collected and reared series of cruentatus from central Florida, a limited number of the examples on hand are small and could be called depressus Fall. They show much variation in the shape of the pronotum, color of legs and elytra, and other charac- ters, but the male genitalia of these smaller examples are identical with those of the larger forms with which they are associated. Therefore, B. depressus Fall is considered a synonym of Sennius cruentatus (Horn).

Sennius discolor (Horn ) new combination Bruchus discolor Horn 1873: 326. Volume 100 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST

Sennius discopterus ( Fall ) new combination ~ruch~~discopterw Fall 1910: 167.

Sennius simulans ( Schaeffer ) new combination Brucbus sirnulans Schaeffer 1907: 296.

Sennius xanthopus ( Suffrian ) Brucbus xantbopus Suffrian 1870: 156. sennius xanthopus (Suffrian), Bottimer 1961: 295. This species was described from Cuba, and was reported from Puerto Rico in 1936. The insect was introduced into Florida at an early date, specimens having been collected in Tampa and New Smyrna by Hubbard and Schwarz. It was first determined by Bridwell, and first recorded from the United States by the writer (1961, p. 295). Stator Bridwell Stator Bridwell 1946: 55. Type-species: Bruchus pruininus Horn (1873). Type by monotypy. Stator beali Johnson Stator beali Johnson 1963: 861.

Stator limbatus (Horn ) Bruchns limbatus Horn 1873: 326. Stator limbatus (Horn), Leech 1954: 85.

Stator prz~ininz~s(Horn) Brzichvs puininus Horn 1873: 327. Stator prziimmts (Horn), Bridwcll 1946: 55.

Stator pygidialis ( Schaeffer ) new combination Brnchus pygidialis Schacffcr 1907: 297. Brztcbzts pytbonicus Pic 19130: 43. NEWSYNONYMY. Stator pytl~otiiczts (Pic), Johnson 1963 : 864. A4otschoulsl~y (1874, p. 207) described a bruchid from Brazil as Kytorhinns pygidalis. Pic (191 3a, p. 43) changed the spelling slightly and listed it as B. pygidialis. This made B. pygidialis Schaeffer a preoccupied name for which he then proposed pythonicus. Pic's change in the Motschoulslcy name is here con- sidered an incorrect subsequent spelling and therefore cannot be accepted. The use of Motschouls1~~'soriginal spelling (see under Megacerns') will permit the use of Schaeffer's pygidialis in the genus Stator. Suffrian (1870, p. 169) described a Cuban bruchid as Spermophagns pygidialis- Subsequent references to this species continued to place it in its original genus until Blackwelder (1946, p. 763) correctly assigned it to Amblycerus. The placing of pygidialis Suffrian under Bmchus by Johnson (1963, p. 864) was confusing and unnecessary.

Stator sordidus (Horn ) Bruchus sordidus Horn 1873: 319. Stator sordidus (Horn), Johnson 1963 : 862.

Stator subaeneus (Schaeffer ) Brz~chussubaeneus Schaeffer 1907: 298. Stator szibaeneus (Schaeffer), Johnson 1963: 865. 1028 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST October 1968 Stylantheus Bridwell Stylantbeus Bridwell 1946: 54. Type-species: Bruchus macrocerus Horn (1873). Type by monotypy.

Stylantheus macrocerus (Horn) Bruchus macrocerus Horn 1873 : 342. Stylantbeus macrocerus (Horn), Bridwell 1946: 54.

Bruchidiini Bridwell Brztchidiini Bridwell 1946: 53. This tribe was proposed for five Old World genera. Later in the same paper, Bridwell (1946, p. 55) proposed Sparteus for a European bruchid established in the United States, but Southgate (1963, p. 796) synonymized the genus with Brz~chidiz~sSchilsky. Of the remaining genera in the tribe, Brz~chidiz~sand Callosobmchits have representatives established in North America.

Bruchidius Schilsky Bruchidius Schilsky 1905: B. Type-species: Bruchus quinqueguttatus Olivier (1 795). Type by subsequent designation (Bridwell 1932, p. 104). Spartew Bridwell 1946: 55. Type-species: Br-nchidhis atcr A,larsham (1802). Type by monotypy. Bridwell misdetermined the type-species as B. villosus Fabricius ( 1792), fide Southgate (1963, p. 795).

Bruchidius ater (Marsham) B~ZIC/JZISater Marsham 1802: 236. Brncl~idhisater (A4arsham), Schilsky 1905: No. 85. Sparteus villosz~s:Bridwell 1946: 55. This broom bruchid, first discovered in America in 1918, was recently treated by Southgate (1963), who established the identity of the introduced species. The species was discussed by the writer (196'8~).

Bruchidius unicolor (Olivier ) Brnclx~sunicolor Olivier 1795: 17. Bruchidius unicolor (Olivier), Schilsky 1905: 111, No. 41. This European bruchid was reared from seed-pods of Onobrycbis by L. K. Peterson in British Columbia in 1965. One example from the Ralph Hopping collection had been collected in Nicola, B.C., in 1922. The insect is at present known only from British Columbia. An account of the establishment of this species in Canada was presented by the writer (1968~).

*Bruchinzts Schilsky Bruchinus Schilsky 1905: No. 38. Type-species: Laria monstrosicornis Pic (1904b) (Bruchinus walkeri Schilsky i. 1.) cited in synonymy of Bruchidiz~smonostrosicornis (Pic), Schilsky (1905). Type by monotypy. The manuscript name B~ucbinuswas cited in synonymy under Brucbidins by Schilsky (1905, No. 38), but was not mentioned elsewhere in Schilsky's paper. Based upon the permissible treatment of names first cited as synonyms at the time of his writing, Bridwell (1932, p. 104) stated that Schilsky's action validated Bntchinus. Volume 100 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 1029 The 1962 emendation of Article 11 (d) of the International Code of Zoological . Nomenclature provides that a name first published in synonymy becomes available if before 1961 "it has been treated as an available name with its original date and authorship, and either adopted as the name of a taxon . . . ." Bridwell's (1932) treatment certainly meets these requirements, so the writer considers that Bridwell validated Bruchinw Schilsky as of that date. This information might be useful in case of doubt regarding the first claim of validity of Bruchinus.

Callosobruchus Pic Bmdws (Callosobruchus) Pic 1902: 6. Type-species: Curculio chinensis Linnaeus (1758) (Bruchus scz~zellarisFabricius (1792)). Type by subsequent designation (Bridwell 1929a, p. 40). ~allosobruc1msPic 1912: 92. Pic (1902, p. 6) described Bruchus (s. g. Callosobrz~chz~s)mrshalli, present- ing characters of the new subgenus in a footnote on the same page. On page 7, marshalli was compared with "scutellarus F.," and a second new species, B. (C.) rbodesiamis, was described. While Pic here described scutellaris F. as having the double callosity on the base of the prothorax (the principal character of the new subgenus), he does not actually say that scntellaris and mrshalli are con- generic. Thus there may be some doubt that scutellaris F. can be considered an included species and therefore eligible to be designated as the type-species. The writer has chosen to treat Brid~,vell's (1929~1,p. 40) designation as valid. There would be no change in the generic concept of Callosobrz~hnsif Bridwell's action were rejected and C. wzarshalli designated as the type-species. Callosobntchw was one of several manuscript generic names that Pic adapted from Jelcel as subgenera. Pic (1912, p. 92) overlooked the 1902 use of the name and again- established it as a subgenus,- as follows: "On peut etablir un sous-genre pour les Brz/chz/s L. (chinensis L. et voisons) qui offrent, sur la base du prothorax, Line callosite claire, d'ordinaire divisee en deux parties par un sillon median, ce sous-genre portant le nom de Calloso bn~lx/s.'~ The status of Callosobrz~fms Pic (1902b) is not affected by the later redescription. The 1912 version of the new subgenus was recorded by Sharp (1914, p. 260) as "Callosobmchns n. subgen., type B. chenensis, . . . .7 , Pic restricted his subgenus Callosobmchzis for sciitellaris Fabricius and close relatives, but Bridwell (1929^r, p. 40) considered it a valid genus and redefined it to include macz~latzisFabricius and its relatives. Callosobrzichus includes some of the most serious bruchid pests attacking food legumes throughout much of the world. Long before binomials were being applied to insects many of these bruchids had been distributed widely with their hosts through commerce. Their wide distribution and the considerable variation found frequently between the sexes, and even within a sex, have been the causes of numerous names having been applied to some of the species. Authors had not agreed as to the status of many of these names, so the synonymy in general had been in a state of confusion for many years. Southgate, Howe, and Brett (1957) and Southgate (1958) have discussed the status of a number of Calloso- bmcbzis, and have through the examination of type material, cleared up much of this confusion. Four species of Callosobmchz~shave been recorded from the United States and a fifth species is recorded from the West Indies. 1030 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST October 1968 Callosobruchus ademptus (Sharp) Bruchus ademptus Sharp 1886: 36. Callosobruchus ademptus (Sharp), Chujo 1937: 190. The writer (1961, p. 296) reported the discovery in 1938 of dead specimens of this Japanese bruchid in imported seed of kudzu, Pueraria lobata (Willdenow) Ohwi, for sale in seed stores in New Jersey and the District of Colun~bia. Also reported was the establishment of C. ademptus in the United States, based upon infested locally-grown seed from Alabama ( 1941) and North Carolina ( 1943, 1944) in the collection of the U.S. National Museum. W. F. Chamberlain took one example of C. adeinptw in general collecting in Clemson, So. Car., in August 1959. H. V. Weems, Jr., collected a specimen in Jackson Co., No. Car., on 18 April 1964. These records indicate that the insect has been able to survive in the southern United States.

* Callosobruchus analis ( Fabricius ) Brucl~z~sinaculatus Fabricius 1775: 65 (part). Bruchits analis Fabricius 1781 : 75. Callosobmchus analis (Fabricius),Brid\vell 1938a: 75. As will be noted under C. wacz~latz~s,Southgate et 01. (1957, p. SO) found that the second of two examples considered types of Bmchits iniiciilatz~sFabricius in the University Zoological Museum, ~openhiigen,proved to be C. analis. Both examples were labeled "Ins: Amer: V: Rohr. tws: S. & J. L." As these authors stated, analis Fabricius had not been previously reported from America. This discovery therefore necessitates adding the name Cnllosobn~c~~z~~aiinlis (Fabricius) to the Blackwelder (1946) list of Latin American bruchids, and suggests a re- examination of members of the genus from the West Indies and nearby mainlands to determine if the species can be recognized. Excellent characters for separating C. analis from C. i/~acz~/~~tuswere given by these authors.

Callosobruchus chinensis ( Linnaeus ) Curculio chinensis Linnaeus 1758: 386. Bruchus pecticornis Linnaeus 1767: 605. Brucbus pectinicornis (sic) Fabricius 1775: 65; Gn~elin1790: 1737. *Bruchus rubs Degeer 1775': 281. *Bruchus scutelluris Fabricius 1792 : 372. Brucbus biguttatus Fabricius 1801 : 402 = Brnchus biguttelhs Schoenherr 183 3 : 42 (Brucbus biguttatus Fabricius (1801) nec Bruchus biguttatus Olivier (1795) ) . NEWSYNONYMY. *Bruchus bistriatus Fabricius 1801: 402. *Bruchus barbicornis Fabricius 1801 : 403. "K. scutellari", Motschoulsky 1874: 204-207. "Kytorh. scutellatus" (sic), Motschoulsky 1874: 228. "Kitorhyni scutellari F", Motschoulsky 1874: 246. Brnchw pectinatus (sic), Schilsky 1904: 455. B. [ruchus]chenensis (sic), Sharp 1914: 260. [Callosobruchz~slbistriotus (sic), Bridwell 1929a: 41. Callosobrucbus chinensis (Linnaeus), Pic 1912: 92; Bridwell 1929a: 40. Bruchus . . . barbinicomis (sic) Fabricius, Wolcott 1936: 287 [as variety of quadrimaculatusl. Linnaeus (1767, p. 605) described Bruclms pecticomis and cited his Curc~lio chinensis as a synonym. Fabricius (1775, p. 65), perhaps through a typographical error, listed the Linnaeus species as B. pectinicornis, and continued to list it as such in later publications. For some unknown reason Grnelin (1790, p. 1737) adapted the Fabrician spelling of the name, listing as synonyms Curculio chinensis

*Synonymy from Southgate (1958, p. 592) Volume 100 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 103 1 and Bruchus rufus. B. pectinicomis Linnaeus (1767, p. 605) has been used occasionally for this insect. Bruchus biguttatus was described from Carolina by Fabricius (1801, p. 402). schoenherr (1833, p. 42) proposed the new name biguttellus for biguttatus ~abriciusbecause of the earlier B. biguttatus Olivier (1795, p. 20). Horn ( 1873, P- 319) wrote: "This species appears to be a dark colored male of scutellaris." In describing B. bignttatus and B. bistriatus, Fabricius (1801, p. 402) used the following identical words for each: "thorax nigro, lineolis duabus approximatis elevatis baseos albis", which clearly describe the thorax of a Callosobmchz~s. One of these, bistriatz~s,has been declared a synonym of chinensis. The other is a very similar insect with flabellate antennae from Carolina, which makes it appear that Horn was correct in his suggested synonymy. The writer, therefore, considers B. bignttatus Fabricius ( 180 1) a synonym of Calloso brucbus chinensis (Linnaeus 17 5 8). Other specific names confused with either or both C. chinensis and C. maculatus were treated by Southgate and associates (1957, 1958) as follows: Bruchzts chinensis Thunberg (18 16, p. 46) is a Bn~chidiz~s;Bruchis longicornis Thunberg (18 16, p. 47) (Bruchzis litteratus Schoenherr (18 3 3) ) is retained in Bruchiis since from description it appears to not be a Callosobmchz~s;Bruchz~s elegms Sturm (1826, p. 103) is a catalogue name only; and Bruchiis adtistus Motschoulsky ( 1874, p. 228) remains unknown. Schoenherr found that he had a Bmchus longicor~~isThunberg (1816) and a Bruchus longicomis Germar [1824J, so he proposed the new name litteratus for the latter, but through error (1833, p. 102), associated his substitute name with the valid longicornis Thunberg. This same error also appears in Schoenherr's later work (1839, p. 131). C. chinensis is known to attack many edible legumes throughout the world, but in the United States, its main host is the cowpea, Vigna z~ngziiczil~tzis (Linnaeus) Walpers. According to Chittenden (1912, p. 86), the cowpea is supposed to have been cultivated first in North America early in the 18th century. It is very likely that the bruchid was brought into the country in infested cowpeas and became established at an early date. A somewhat doubtful reference to the present species is that of Melsheimer (1853, p. 99), who listed Bnichas sinuatus (with scutellaris as a synonym) from the United States. B. scutellaris was recorded from Enterprise, la., by Schwarz (1878, p. 257). Hamilton (1894, p. 457) recorded B. chinensis from Texas, Louisiana, Georgia, Florida, Tennessee, and Virginia. Chittenden (1912, p. 85) reported that B. chinensis was thoroughly acclimated throughout the Gulf Region and as far north as the District of Columbia where it became abundant in the field as early as 1896. He also stated that the insect was the prevalent species attacking cowpeas in the Norfolk, Va., region in 1911. Paddock and Reinhard (1919, p. 13) and Wade (1919, p. 4) claimed B. chinensis to be less numerous than B. mcz~latz~sin Texas and Oklahoma, respectively. These records and others on hand indicate that C. chinensis was able to increase in such numbers as to became a very serious pest of the cowpea in the United States by the first part of the present century, but that it failed to main- tain this position. Perhaps due to the direct competition of its close relative, the more aggressive C. macul~~tus,the present species now is taken only rarely. The writer reared this species on one occasion only. A small lot of seed cowpeas showing bruchid injury was obtained from a seed store in Sewell, N.J., 1032 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST October 1968 during the spring of 1932. Some of the cowpeas were sown outside in Haddon Heights, NJ., and the balance caged for rearing. By the following fall, the caged material had produced hundreds of bruchids, all of which proved to be C. maculatus. A few of the first pods to mature in the garden were collected in September for rearing, inasmuch as bruchid eggs were present on some of them. From these were obtained, during the fall of 1932, a short series of each of the three species, Acmthoscelides obtectns, Callosobrnchusmaculatus, and C. chinensis. One single pod was infested with all three of these bruchids. Since the original seeds were not infested with C. chinensis; the insect had to be present in the field in Haddon Heights. C. chi~ze~~siswas reported from North Carolina by Brimley (1938, p. 231) "from Raleigh east and from Swannanoa." Specimens kindly loaned the writer by D. A. Young are labeled "Elizabeth City, N. C. April 30, 1942 field peas," and "Edenton N C IV-25 1956 D M Weisman." A short series in the Howden collection is labeled: "Colun~busCo., N. C. July 14-21 1952 Light Trap."

Cnllosobruchus maculatus ( Fabricius ) Bruchns 7J~ac1llflt1lsFabricius 1775: 65 (part). Britcl~z~squadri~naciilatus Fabricius 1792 : 3 7 I. B~I/C~JIISoniiitzts Bohcman 1829: 103. Brnchs vicinus Gyllcnhal 1833 : 36. Brucbus si7zr~atz/sFahraeus 1839: 8. Brnchus M7~2bjgu~~Gyllcnhal 1839: 11. Callosobrucl~z~swaculatzis (Fabricius), Bridwcll 1929~:40. The above synonymy is adapted from Southgate et al. (1957, p. 81). As noted above under C. analis, Southgate et al. (1957, p. 80) reported that the second of the two types of Brucl~usmaculatus Fabricius in Copenhagen was an example of C. analis (Fabricius). Fabricius (1775, p. 65) wrote of B. macz~latz~s "Habitat in America. D. V. Rohr." Larson and Fisher (1938, p. 3) add that the species probably actually came from the West Indies or South America where Rohr collected. B. qz&drimaciilatvs was described from "Insula St. Crux Americes." Fahraeus (1839, p. I I) considered that Fabricius had but one species, and listed maculatus as a synonym of quadrivzaculatus. In this he was generally followed until ~ridwelf(19290, p. 40) proposed that the synonymy be reversed and that the earlier name macz~latusbe applied to the common cowpea bruchid. Schoenherr (183 3, p. 35) added Carolina to the distribution of B. quadri- vwculatz~s. B. si~zuatus and B. ambiyuus were described from Carolina and Louisiana, respectively. These three records of the species occurring in the United States are among the first that can be considered to be definite.

Callosobruchus phaseoli ( Gyllenhal ) Bruchus plmseoli Gyllenhal 1833: 37. Callosobruchus phaseoil (Gyllenhal), Bridwell 1938~:75. The writer (1961, p. 296) discussed this cosmopolitan species, calling atten- tion to the overlooked record of its discovery in the seeds of Dolichos lablab Linnaeus in Dade County, Fla., in 1944. Several efforts by the writer to locate the bruchid in Dade County during 1960, however, were unsuccessful. Volume 100 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 1033 Also reported was the interception by S. D. Hicks of a live example of C. phaseoli in a sealed package of California-grown lima beans in Ottawa, Ont., in 1959. This indicates the possible presence of the insect in California.

Bruchini Bridwell Bruchini Bridwell 1946: 53. This tribe was proposed for the Old World genus Bmchzis Linnaeus (1767).

Bruchus Linnaeus Brucbz~sLinnaeus 1767: 604. Type-species: Dermestes pisorwn Linnaeus 1758: 356 (Bnicbns pisi Linnaeus 1767: 604). Type by subsequent designation (Latreille 1810: 430). Latreille cited "Bmchz~Pisi, Fab." as type of the genus, and this was accepted by Bridwell (1932, p. 104). Some of the early literature regarding Bruchns as the type-genus of the family was reviewed by Bridwell (1932, p. 104; 1946, p. 52), who suggested procedures that would validate its use. Three species of the genus have become established in the New World.

Bruchus brachialis Fahraeus Brachiis bracbialis Fahraeus 1839: 79. During 193 1, pods of Vicia villosa were found to be heavily infested by B. brachialis in New Jersey, Delaware, and Maryland (Bottimer 193 1). The insect has spread rapidly and is currently known from most of the eastern half of the United States and northwestern united States and southwestern Canada.

Bruchus pisorum ( Linnaeus ) Dermestes pisorwin Linnaeus 1758: 356. Bruchns pisi Linnaeus 1767: 604. Brucbus pisorum (Linnaeus) , Linnaeus 1767: 604. B. piso-rwn, the pea weevil, had been introduced into America and had become of economic importance even before the middle of the 18th century (Bridwell 1946, p. 52). Bruclzus rufimanus Boheman Bruchus rz~ftrt~anz~sBoheman 1833 : 58. Although Vicia faba, the broadbean, was grown in California as early as 1887, the broadbean weevil, B. n~ftmnnus,was not collected until 1909 (Campbell 1920, p. 3). However, Campbell presented evidence obtained from brokers handling these beans, that infested beans were noted in some cases before 1890. It is quite likely that the first seeds to be imported were infested.

Megacerini Bridwell Megacerini Bridwell 1946: 55. This tribe was proposed for the American genus Megacerz~s Fahraeus (1839). Megacerus Fahraeus Megacerus Fahraeus 1839: 34. Type-species: BrucJms pescaprae Fahraeus (1839). Type by monotypy. facbybruchus Pic 1912: 92. Type-species: Bmcbus coryphae Olivier 1795. Type by sub- sequent designation (Bridwell 1929b: 113). - Under the manuscript name Megacerus pescaprae, Falderman sent a bruchid to Schoenherr for naming. Fahraeus (1839, p. 34) described it as Bmchz~spesc@rne, 1034 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST October 1968 citing Megacerus in synonymy. This validated the genus Megacerus with B. pescaprae as the type-species according to Bridwell (1929b, p. 112), who based ' his opinion upon "Opinion no. 4". As in the similar case of Bruchinus mentioned above, Bridwell presented sufficient data to validate Megacerus, possibly for the second time, according to Article 11 (d) of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, 1964 edition. Jekel (1855, p. 1) stated that Brzichzis as used by Schoenherr should be sub- divided, and that he had in preparation descriptions of new genera. These were not described, but Pic, upon obtaining the Jekel bruchids, utilized a number of the manuscript names. One of these was Pacl~ybmchus,described as a subgenus by Pic (1912, p. 92) for "les coryphae Ol., pescaprae Fahr. et voisons." Pachy- bruclms was recognized as a valid genus by Pierce (1915, p. 7), but Bridwell (1929b, p. 112) gave reasons for the use of the older genus Megacerz~sFahraeus for this group, and established Pachybrz~chusas an available subgenus.

Wegacerus alternatus Bridwell Megt~cerusalternatus Bridwell 1929b: 113. Brucbus (Pacl~ybruchiis)corypbae v. nov. heatipe??nisPic 1938: 23. Pic (1938, p. 23) evidently overlooked Bridwell's description of this H;nvaiian bruchid in describing the same insect as a variety of coryphae Olivicr. The synonymy was recorded bv Hincklcy (1960, pp. 260, 261).

Megacerus coryphae (Olivier ) Bruclms coryphae Olivier 1795: 16. Megacerns corypbae (Olivier), Bridwell 1929b: 112. Pic's ( 1938, p. 2 3) cory phae v. lineatipew~ispertains to Megacerns alter~z~~tz~s Bridwell as noted above, rather than to M. corypl~ae(Olivier).

Megacerus cubiculus (Casey) new combination Brz~cl~uscubiculus Casey 1884: 185. Upon examining the unique female type, Horn (1885a, p. 110) synonymized cubiculns Casey with impiger Horn. Casey's species was treated as a synonym until Leng (1920: 305) gave it a questionable varietal status under impiger Horn. Bridwell expressed his opinion to the writer that the species is valid, and based upon this information, cubicuhis Casey is here given specific rank.

Megacerus discoidus (Say ) new combination Bruchus discoidus Say 1824: 307; Schoenherr 1833: 102; 1839: 131. Bruchus discoideus (sic) Say, Melsheimer 1853: 99; subsequent authors. K.[ytorhinus] discoidii Say, Motschoulsky 1874: 205. Bruchus discoidens (sic) Say, Dury 1879: 11. Megacerus discoideus (sic) (Say), Bridwell 1929b: 112. The writer has found no explanation for the change in the spelling of the specific name by Melsheimer (1853), nor by LeConte (1859) in his complete writings of Thomas Say. The original spelling is here revived. *Megacerus eugenic new name Bruchus ramicornis Boheman 1858: 112 nec Bruchus ramicornis Erichson 1848: 567. Megacerus ramicornis (Boheman), Blackwelder 1946: 762. B. micmiswas described from material collected during the voyage of the 'Eugenie" and labeled "California (S:t Fransisco)". The species is here treated as South American, and as such, it is undoubtedly specifically distinct from Volume 100 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 1035 impiger Horn. A new name is proposed because of Erichson's earlier use of B. rum'cornis. Megacerus impiger (Horn ) Bruchns impiger Horn 1873: 323. Megacerus impiger (Horn), Bridwell 1929b: 112. Horn (1873, p. 342) stated that Bmchus ramicornis Boheman was probably from the west coast of South America, but later (1875, p. 151) he concluded that his B. impiger was identical with the Boheman species. Sharp (1885, p. 486) restored the specific name impiger Horn, citing "ramicornis Boh., nec Er." as a synonym, and the species has been so listed since then. Megacerus leucosomus (Sharp ) Brucbus leucosomus Sharp 1885: 488. Megacerus leucosomus (Sharp), Blackwelder 1946: 762. This Latin American species has been recorded recently from southern Texas (Bottimer 196 1, p. 2 96). Megacerus leucospilus (Sharp ) Brzichus lez~cospilusSharp 1885: 489. Megacerus lez~corpilns (sic) (Sharp), Bridwell l929b: 113. This Mexican species now occurs in southern Texas (Bottimer 1961, p. 297). *Megacertis pygidalis (Motschoulsky) new combination Kytorblmts pygidalis Motschoulsky 1874: 207. Brztc/.ws pygidialis (sic) (h4otschoulsl~y),Pic 191 3a: 43. Megacerz~spygidialis (sic) (Motschoulsky), Blackvvelder 1946: 762. As noted under Stator, Pic (1913) changed the spelling of Motschouls1~~'s Brazilian pygidalis to pygidialis, which action made pygidialis Schaeffer a pie- occupied name. This change in the Motschoulsk~name is not accepted, so the original name is revived. 13l~ickwelder(1946, p. 762) placed the Motschoulsky species in the correct genus, but as he followed Pic in the spelling of pygidialis, the above new com0in;ition is proposed. Megacerus serratifemur (Schaeffer) new combination Brzfchiis serrfltifep~itirSchaeffcr 1907: 294. Megacerus schaefferianus Bridwell Brucl~tscrenatzls Schaeffer 1909: 385. Megaccrus schaefferi~~~;r~sBridwcll 1929b: 112 (Brzichtis crenatzis Schaeffer 1909 "not Brz~chns crc-ims (Fabricius) Thunbcrg 1791"). Megacerus iuheelocki (Blatchley) new combination Mylabris wl~eelockiBlatchley 1930: 35.

EUBAPTINAE Bridwell Eubaptinae Bridwell 1932: 103. Bridwell proposed this subfamily for the single genus Eitbaptus Lacordaire (1845). * Eubaptus Lacordaire Eubaptus Lacordaire 1845: 605. Type-species: Eubaptus palliatus Lacordaire 1845: 605. Type by monotypy. v Eubuptus was erected by Lacordaire for a new species from Bolivia which he considered chrysomeloid in character, placing it in Criocerides following Rhaebus. 1036 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST October 1968 On two separate occasions in the early 1920's, H. S. Barber and K. G. Blair showed J. C. Bridwell examples of an undetermined species of beetle which they both considered to be an aberrant member of the Bruchidae. The species was later found to agree with Lacordaire's description of E. palliatus, and Bridwell concluded that it should be included in Bruchidae. This was the only known species in the genus until Teran (1964, 1967) recognized four species from South America, and presented excellent descriptions and illustrations of certain of the species. KYTORHININAE Bridwell Kytorhininae Bridwell 1932: 103. Kytorrhininae (sic), Lukjanovitsh and Ter-Minassian 1957: 181. This subfamily was erected for the single genus I

PACHYMERINAE Bridwell Pachymerinae Bridwell 1929~:142. This subfamily was proposed by Bridwell for six genera of palm bruchids and related forms which he placed in three new tribes as follows: Caryopemini, with two Old World genera, Cary opemon Jekel (1855) and Diegobruebus Pic (191 3); Caryedini, including only the Old World Caryedon Schoenherr (1823); and Pachymerini, including the New World palm bruchids, Pachymerus Thunberg Volume 100 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 1037 fc (1815), Caryobruchus n. gen., and Caryoborzis Schoenherr (1833). Pachy- ^' rneroides Prevett (1966), based upon a South American species, is to be added r- to this subfamily. It is closely allied to both Caryobrz~chz~sand Pachymems. Of the Old World forms, but one species has become established in the New p World, and of the palm bruchids, only one species is at present known from the United States.

Caryedontini Bridwell ~arydontiniDecelle 1966: 172. Emendation for Caryedini Bridwell 1929~:143.

*Caryedon Schoenherr Caryedon Schoenherr 1823: 1134. Type-species: Bruchz~sserratus Olivier (1790). Type by monotypy. Bridwell (1929~)p. 145) reported that Schoenherr cited serratzis Olivier as the "genotype" of his undescribed genus Caryedon, and that such action validated the genus and its "genotype" fixation. The genus has been in general use since Bridwell called attention to Schoenherr's action.

* Caryedon serratus ( Olivier ) Brnchus serratus Olivier 1790: 199. Bruchus fuscz~s: authors nec Goeze 1777: 332. Bruchus go?zagra Fabricius 1798: 159. Caryedon serratus (Olivier), Schoenherr 1823: 1134. Decelle (1966, p. 170) reported that he examined a male specimen in Stock- holm which he considered to be the lectotvpe of Brz~chz~sserranis Olivier (1790), and found it to be identical with gonag& Fabricius (1798) which he therefore placed in synonymy with serratzis Olivier. This same author (p. 171) also examined the type of Brucl~z~sfusciis Goeze (1777) in Paris, and found it to be definitely not

Caryobruchus Bridwell Caryobruchus Bridwell 1929c: 148. Type-species: Dermestes gteditsiae Linnaeus 1763: 392. Type by original designation. Seventeen species were either listed or described in this genus by Bridwell (1929c), mostly from Mexico to South America. One species is known from the United States. 1038 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST October 1968

Caryobruchus gleditsiae ( Linnaeus ) Dennestes gleditsiae Linnaeus 1763: 392. Bruchus gleditsiae Linnaeus 1767: 605. Bruchus arthriticus Fabricius 1801 : 398. Caryobruchns gleditsiae (Linnaeus), Bridwell 1929c: 155. According to Bridwell (1929, pp. 155, 156), Johansson (1763, p. 392) "des- cribed the first and second species of Bruchidae affecting palm seeds as Dermestes gleditsiae and bactris, usually cited as of Linnaeus, who referred them to Bruchus, 1767 . . . : 605". Pic (1913a, p. 7) cited the author of both species as Linnaeus (1767), and Leng (1920, p. 304) followed in using gleditsiae Linnaeus (1767). The correct authorship of these two species cannot be determined at present by the writer. Linnaeus (1767, p. 605) redescribed B. gleditsiae from "Americae septen- trionalis", and listed Dermestes gleditsiae as an earlier name. The host plant of the insect was erroneously given as Gleditsia. The insect was later described as B. arthriticus by Fabricius (1801, p. 398). Schoenherr (1833, p. 93) listed the insect in his new genus Caryoborus as arthiticits Fabricius, with the older name gleditsiae Linnaeus as a synonym. In this he was followed by Horn. Pic (191 34 p. 7) is credited with reversing the synonymy, listing the insect as Pitchyniervis glcditj-iae. This is the common palmetto bruchid of the southeastern United States.

*Caryobru,chus veseyi (Horn) Caryoboriis veseyi Horn 1873: 313. Caryobruchus veseyi (Horn), Bridwell 1929~:157. This species was described from the Peninsula of Lower California. It is included in the Leng Catalogue of Coleoptera north of Mexico, but it should be dropped from our present list.

List of Bruchidae of America North of Mexico AMBLYCERINAE Acanthoscelides Schilsky Awzbly cerus Thunberg aeqz~alis(Sharp) eustrophoides (Schaeffer) alboscutellatz~s(Horn) robiniae (Fabricius) atowms (Fall) aureolus (Horn) vitis (Schaeffer)\ bisignatus (Horn) Zabrotes Horn biz~stulus(Fall) arenarius (Wolcott) brunneostictus (Fall) cruciger Horn calvus (Horn) densus Horn chiricalmae (Fall) obliterates Horn collusus (Fall) planifrons Horn cmpressicor~zis(Schaeffer ) spectabilis Horn distinguendzis (Horn) subfasciatus (Boheman) fimidae (Horn) subnitens Horn fraterculus (Horn) funmtus (Schaeffer) BRUCHINAE griseolus (Fall) ACANTHOSCELIDINI homi (Pic) Abutiloneus Bridwell inquisitus (Fall) idoneus Bridwell lobatus (Fall) THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 1039 longistilus (Horn) Sennizis Bridwell macrophthalmus (Schaeff er) abbreuiatus (Say) auctus (Fall) celatus (Sharp) cruentatus (Horn) discolor (Horn) pauperculus (LeConte) discopterus (Fall) pectoralis (Horn) simulans (Schaeffer) perforatus (Horn) xanthopus (Suff rian) perplexus (Fall) Stator Bridwell prosopoides (Schaeffer) beali Johnson pugiunculus (Fall) limbatus (Horn) pulloides (Fall) pruininus (Horn) pullus (Fall) pygidialis (Schaeff er) quadridentatus (Schaeff er) sordidus (Horn) ruf ovittatus (Schaeff er) subaenez~s(Schaeffer) schaefferi (Pic) Stylantheus Bridwell schrankiae (Horn) macrocems (Horn) semimlum (Horn) BRUCHIDIINI speciosus (Schaeff er) Bruchidiz~sSchilsky submitticus (Sharp) ater (Marsham) tenuis Bottimer unicolor (Olivier) ? Acmthoscelides Schilsky Callosobruchns Pic miindzilz~s(Sharp) ademptus (Sharp) Algarobhis Bridwell chinensis (Linnaeus) prwopis (LeConte) mczilatus (Fabricius) Althaeus Bridwell phaseoli (Gyllenhal) hibisci (Olivier) BRUCHINI Cercidiestes Bridwell Brz~cbiisLinnaeus zclkei (Horn) brachialis Fahraeus Gibbobmchus Pic pisonm (Linnaeus) rninzzis (Say) rufirizanzis Boheman Meibcmieus Bridwell MEGACERINI msculzis (Say) Megacerus Fahraeus corypbae (Olivier) Merobmchz~sBridwell cubIcz~lus(Casey) jitliamis (Horn) discoidus (Say) knulli (White) impiger (Horn) major (Fall) leucosomus (Sharp) placidus (Horn) leucospilus (Sharp) vacillator (Sharp) schaefferiamis Bridwell Mimosestes Bridwell wheelocki (Blatchley) amicus (Horn) KytorhI7zzis Fischer Neltumks Bridwell THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST October 1968 UNRECOGNIZED SPECIES: Bruchus abutiloneus Motschoulsky pallidipennis Motschoulsky cunspersus Motschoulsky pulicarius Motschoulsky corallipes Motschoulsky rufus Motschoulsky lividus J. E. LeConte simplex Motschoulsky

List of World Genera with Their Type-species, Synonymies, and Emendations AMBLYCERINAE Ambly cerus Thunberg 18 15: 12 1. Type-species: "A. nebulosus, Fabr." desig- nated by Crotch 1870: 227, rejected by Bridwell 1930: 29, who then designated Bruchs robiniae Fabricius 178 1: 75 as type-species. Type by subsequent designation. Pygospermophagus Pic 1917 : 8. Type-species: Pygospermophagus brevicornis Pic 1917: 8. Type by monotypy. Spermophagus Schoenherr 18 3 3 : 102. Type-species: Spermophagus titivilitius Bohcman 1833 : 106. Type by original designation. Euspermophagus Zacher 1930: 2 3 7. Type-species: My labris sericea Geoffrey 1785: 112. Type by original designation. Spermatophagus Gistel 1856: 375. Emendation of Spermophagus Schoenherr. Type-species: Spermophagus titivilitius Boheman 1833 : 106. Type by monotypy. Zabrotes Horn l885b: 156. Type-species: 'iabrotes cniciger Horn 1885b: 157. Type by subsequent designation (Zacher 1930: 2 37).

BRUCHINAE

Abzttilonez~sBridwell 1946: 55. Type-species: Abutiloneus idoneus Bridwell 1946: 55 (Bruchus ftavicomis Sharp 1885: 480 nec flavicomis Fabricius 1792: 374). Type by monotypy. Acanthoscelides (Acanthocelides) Schilsky 1905: C, No. 95. Type-species: Bruchi~sobtectus Say 18 3 1: 1. Type by subsequent designation (Bridwell 1929a: 42). Algarobius Bridwell 1946: 54. Type-species: Bruclms prosopis LeConte 1858: 77. Type by monotypy. Althaeus Bridwell 1946: 55. Type-species: Bruchus hibisci Olivier 1795: 21. Type by monotypy. Bonarius Bridwell 1952a: 50. Type-species: Bruchus inlineatus Pic 1930: 12. Type by monotypy. Cary edes Hummel 182 7: 11. Type-species: Bruchis faldermanni Mannerheim in Hummel 1827: 11. Type by monotypy. Pachymerzts "Latreille" ~bhoenherr 183 3 : 84. Type-species: Bruc bus brasiliensis Thunberg 18 16: 45. Type by original designation. ndromisus (Adromisus) Gozis 1881: CXIII; 1885: -125. New name for "Pachymenis Latr.". Type-species: ~mchus'brasiliensis Thunberg 18 16:

45. Type by monotypy. :$:gz t ;- 5 L. Volume 100 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 1041 Pedalophus Gistel 1848: XI. Substitute name for "Pachymems Latr.". Type-species: Bmchus brasiliensis Thunberg 1816: 45. Type by monotypy. Psez~dopachymem Pic 1913a: lo. New name for Pacl¥~ymen~Schoenherr nec Thunberg. Type-species: Bruchus brasiliemis Thunberg 18 16: 45. Type by monotypy. Cercidiestes Bridwell 1946: 55. Type-species: Bruchus ulkei Horn 187 3 : 3 24. Type by monotypy. Cosmobmchus Bridwell 193 1: 41. Type-species: Cosmob~zichz~srz~sselli Bridwell 193 1: 41. Type by monotypy. Dahlibmchus rid well 193 1: 40. Type-species: Brzich~islongulzis Sharp 188 5 : 482 nec longulz~sKraatz 1868: 2 16 = Dablibmcl~z~ssharpianus Bridwell 193 1: 40. Tvpe by original designation. Falsobnichus Pic '1913 b: 110. Type-species: Bruchzis cristatus Fiihraeus 1839: 122. Type by monotypy. Gibbobmchz~sPic 1913 b: 110. Type-species: Bnichus speculif er Gyllenhal 183 3 : 87. Type by subsequent designation (Bridwell 193 2 : 105). 1mpressobmchus Pic 19 10: 95. Type-species: Impressobrz~chus semirz~bra Pic 1910: 95. Type by monotypy~ Litbraeus Bridwell 1952 b: 125. Type-species: Brz~chz~selegans Blanchard 185 1: 294 (Lithraez~selectus Bridwell l952b: 125. New name for 'Kmchus elegam Blanchard 1851 "not Sturm 1843"). Brzicl2zis ele'qa~isSturm 1843: 178 is a catalogue name only. Type by monotypy. Meibomeiis Bridwell 1946: 54. Type-species: Bmchus wi~sczilz~sSay 183 1: 3. Type by monotypy. ~erobnich-iisBridwell 1946: 54. Type-species:-- - Bniclms jz~liamis Horn 410. Type by monotypy. Mimosestes rid well, 1946: 54. Tvpe-species: Bnichzis sallaei Sharp 1885 Type by monotypy. Neltiwri~is~rid\vell 1946: 54. Type-species: Bnichs arizonc'iisis Schaeffcr 229. Pectinobmchus Kingsolver 1967: 324. Type-species: Pecti~zobrzichnslongiscz[ti~is Kingsolver 1967: 324. Type by monotypy. Phelwnerzfs Pic 1912 : 92. Type-species: Phelmerz~sochrop ygzis Pic 1912 : 92. Type by subsequent designation (Pierce 1930: 3 7). Pygiopachymems Pic 191 1: 134. Type-species: Pygiopacl¥~y~mmthcresae Pic 1911: 134. Typebymonotypy. Pseudopachymerina Zacher 1952 : 467. Type-species: Bmchz~s (Pachy mems) lallemanti Marseul 1876: XXXIX. Type by monotypy. Rhipibmchus Bridwell 1932: 105. (Megalorhipis Philippi 1859: 668 nec Megalorhipis Lacordaire 185 7 : 160.) Type-species: Brzichw pictziratzis Fahraeus 1839: 2 (Megalorhipis leiboldi Philippi 1859: 669). Type by monotypy. Sennizis Bridwell 1946: 5 5. Type-species: Brucbus cmentatus Horn 187 3 Tvpe by monotypy. Stator Bridwell 1946: 5 5. Type-species: TSruchus prziininus Horn 187 3 : Type by monotypy. Sty lamheus Bridwell 1946: 54. Type-species: Bruc bus macrocents Horn 342. Type by monotypy. 1042 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST October 1968 BRUCHIDIINI Bruchidius Schilsky 1905: B. Type-species: Bruchus quinqueguttatus Olivier 1795: 15. Type by subsequent designation (Bridwell 193 2: 104). Sparteus Bridwell 1946: 55. Type-species: Bruchus ater Marsham 1802: 2 36 nec Bruchus villosus Fabricius 1792 : 373 as determined by Bridwell [fide Southgate 1963: 7951. Type by monotypy. Bmchims Schilsky 1905: No. 3 8. Type-species: Lam mo~zstrosicornis Pic 1904b: 40. Type by rnonotypy. Callosobmchz~sPic 1902 b: 6. Type-species: Czirculio chi~zensisLinnaeus 1758: 386 (Bruchus scutellaris Fabricius 1792: 372). Type by subsequent designa- tion (Bridwell 19290: 40). Conicobmchus Decelle 1951 : 18 1. Type-species: Bmchiis strangztlatus Fahraeus 1839: 4. Type by original designation. Longebrztchzis Pic 1953 : 4. Type-species: Longebruchns clerw;o7zti Pic 1953 : 4. Type by monotypy. Py ygobmchidiz~sPic 1951 : 42 7. Type-species: Brztchus (Pygobmchidius) lati- thorax Pic 195 1: 427. Type by present designation. Proposed as a new sub- genus, but here given generic status. Specz~lariztsBridwell 1938a: 7 1. Type-species: Specztlarizts ery thrinae Bridwell 1938a: 7 1 = Specularius impressitborax (Pic 1932 : 3 6). Type by monotypy. Sztlcobruchzts Chujo 1937: 189, Type-species: Bniclms saziteri Pic 1927: 248. Type by monotypy. ~ztberczilob~zicbitsDecelle 195 1: 179. Type-species: Brzichz/s natalensis Pic 1903 : 170. Type by original designation. BRUCHINI B~uchzisLinnaeus 1767: 604, Type-species: Dennestes pisom Linnaeus 17 58: 356 (Br/icl~z/spisi Linnaeus 1767: 604). Type by subsequent designation (1,atreille 18 10: 430).

M ICGACRRIN I Megacerus Fihraeus 18 39: 34. Type-specics: Brzic/.1Â¥1/pescaprac Fihracus 18 39: 34. Type by monotypy. Pachy bntchzts Pic 1912 : 92. Type-species: Brztcl~ziscorypl~ae Olivicr 1795: 16. Type by subsequent designation (Bridwell 1929b: 113). A valid subgenus of Megacerus. EUBAPTINAE Eubaptzis Lacordaire 1845: 605. Type-species: Eztbaptus palliatzts Lacordaire 1845: 605. Type by monotypy. KYTORHININAE Kytorhinzts Fischer 1809: 298. Type-species: Kytorhhws karasini Fischer 1809: 298. Type by subsequent designation (Crotch 1870: 222). Cytorhmzts Agassiz 1846: 115. Emendation of Kytorhinzis Fischer. 'Type- species: Kytorhinzis kiirasini Fischer 1809: 298. Type by subsequent designation (Crotch 1870: 222). Pygobruchus Sharp 1886: 3 8. Type-species: Pygobrzichns scutellaris Sharp 1886: 38 = Kytorhinzis sharpimis Bridwell 1932: 106 nec Kytorhinus sczttellaris (Fabricius 1792: 3 72) h4otschoulsky 1874: 204-207. Type by monotypy. Volume 100 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 1043 PACHYMERINAE CARYOPEMINI Cary opemon Jekel 1855: 2 5. Type-species: Cary opemon hieroglyphicus Jekel 1855: 27. Type by monotypy. Diegobrucbus Pic 1913 b: 110. Type-species: l3ruchus suarezicus (soarezicw, typ. err.) Pic 1904~:35. Type by monotypy.

CARYEDONTINI Caryedon Schoenherr 182 3: 1134. Type-species: Bnicl~z~sserratzis Olivier 1790: 199. Type by monotypy.

Pac13ymen/s Thunberg 1805: 2 82. Type-species: "P. bactris" = Dermestes bactris Linnaeus 1763: 392. Type by monotypy. Pachymeroides Prevett 1966: 8 1. Type-species: Pachy meroides bridwelli Prevett 1966: 8 1. Type by monotypy. Caryobnichzis Bridwell 1929~:148. Type-species: Dernzestes gleditsiae Linnaeus 1763: 392. Type by original designation. Cary oboms Schoenherr 1833: 92. Type-species: Brziclms serripes Sturm 1826: 74. Type by original designation.

Acknowledgments The writer wishes to express his appreciation to the following entomologists for opinions on nomenclatorial and related problenls that developed during the preparation of the present paper: W. J. Brown, W. R. Ad. Mason, J. F. McAlpine, E. G. Allunroe, 0. Peck, J. R. Vockeroth, and G. S. Walley, all of the Entomology Research Institute, Ottawa; to J. M. Kingsolver and C. ~abroskyof the United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.; and to B. J. Southgate of the Pest Infestation Laboratory, Slough, Bucks. Sincere thanks are extended to E. C. Becker and H. F. Howden, also of the Entomology Research Institute, Ottawa, for their helpful reviews of the manuscript.

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A REVISION OF THE TRIBE PRISTOLINI (HYMENOPTERA : TENTHREDINIDAE) HORNER. WONG Forest Research Laboratory, Uepartment of Forestry and Rural Development, Winnipeg, Manitoba Abstract Can. Ent. 100: 1049-1057 (1968) A new genus, Melastola, with type-species Gymnonychus resinicolor Marlatt, and two new species, Pristola clarki and Melastola ferruginosa, are described. Keys to the genera and known species of the tribe Pristolini are presented. New distribution records for Pristola i~rucnabiRoss are reported in North America. Introduction Ross (1945) established the tribe Pristolini to accommodate the genus Pristola, which he described, noting that it combined many characteristics not present in any known genera of Nematinae. Only the species P. macnabi Ross had been placed in this tribe. Further studies on the evolution of the genus Pristiphora (Wong 1960) disclosed that Gymnonychus resinicolor Marlatt (1896) constitutes a new genus in the tribe Pristolini, and is not a member of Pristiphora as indicated by Konow (1905) and Ross (195 1). This new genus is described below as Melastola. A new species in Pristola and another in Melastola are des- cribed and illustrated, together with new information on the distribution of P. vnacnabi. Tribe Pristolini Small elongate sawflies that resemble the specialized Nematinae in the absence of both 2r and the basal lobe of 2A and 3A in the fore wing (Figs. 4, 5); the left mandible with a swollen base and a blade-like apical portion (Fig. 1); and the long %segmented antennae with two short basal segments. The tribe Pristolini is readily separated from the tribe Nematini by the semi-obliterated prescutal sutures or notaulices (Fig. 6), the narrow posttergite, and the long exposed postnonim. Contains two known genera.

KEY TO THE GENERAOF PRISTOLINI Hind wings with vein 2A incomplete (Fig. 7),anal cell open at apex, occasionally 2A partly atrophied (Fig. 8) and anal cell formed is longer than its petiole ...... Pristola ROSS Hind wings with vein 2A complete (Fig. 9), anal cell closed at apex and subequal to its petiole ...... Melastola n. gen.