SYNTHESIS and REACTIONS Or ; DERIVATIVES
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Load more
Recommended publications
-
Transport of Dangerous Goods
ST/SG/AC.10/1/Rev.16 (Vol.I) Recommendations on the TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS Model Regulations Volume I Sixteenth revised edition UNITED NATIONS New York and Geneva, 2009 NOTE The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. ST/SG/AC.10/1/Rev.16 (Vol.I) Copyright © United Nations, 2009 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may, for sales purposes, be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without prior permission in writing from the United Nations. UNITED NATIONS Sales No. E.09.VIII.2 ISBN 978-92-1-139136-7 (complete set of two volumes) ISSN 1014-5753 Volumes I and II not to be sold separately FOREWORD The Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods are addressed to governments and to the international organizations concerned with safety in the transport of dangerous goods. The first version, prepared by the United Nations Economic and Social Council's Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, was published in 1956 (ST/ECA/43-E/CN.2/170). In response to developments in technology and the changing needs of users, they have been regularly amended and updated at succeeding sessions of the Committee of Experts pursuant to Resolution 645 G (XXIII) of 26 April 1957 of the Economic and Social Council and subsequent resolutions. -
Controlled Substances in Mexico • Fraction I
INTER-AMERICAN DRUG ABUSE CONTROL COMMISSION C I C A D SIXTY-SECOND REGULAR SESSION OEA/Ser.L/XIV.2.62 December 13 - 15 , 2017 CICAD/doc.2343/17 Washington, D.C. 12 December 2017 Original: Español NEW TRENDS AND EMERGING CHALLENGES IN THE INTERNATIONAL CONTROL OF CHEMICAL PRECURSORS, SYNTHETIC DRUGS AND NEW PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION AGENCY “SCIENCE AT THE SERVICE OF JUSTICE” New trends and emerging challenges in the international control of chemical precursors, synthetic drugs and new psychoactive substances 62 Regular Session of CICAD Washington D.C. December 13-15, 2017 Background Amphetamine-type stimulants have positioned themselves as one of the main drugs of consumption in the world. To maintain the supply of consumer demand, the production and trafficking of methamphetamine has evolved, always seeking to evade the regulation implemented by the authorities to contain the proliferation of drugs. Source: United Nations Office against Drugs and Crime, World Report on Drugs 2017 Legal framework International: United Nations Convention on Convention against Psychotropic Illicit Traffic in 1961 Substances Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs 1961. 1971 1988 Amended by the 1972 Protocol. Legal framework International: Precursors and chemical substances frecuently used in the illicit manufacture of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances I II 1. N-acetylanthranilic acid 1. Acetone 2. Phenylacetic acid 2. Anthranilic acid 3. Acetic anhydride 3. Hydrochloric acid 4. Acetic anhydride 4. Sulphuric acid 5. Ephedrine 5. Ethyl ether 1988 6. Ergometrine 6. Methylethylketone 7. Ergotamine 7. Piperidine 8. Alpha-phenylacetoacetonitrile 8. Toluene 9. 1-Phenyl-2-Propanone 10. Isosafrole 11. -
Mechanistic Study of Methylbenzene Dealkylation in Methanol-To-Olefins
Journal of Catalysis 369 (2019) 86–94 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Catalysis journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jcat Mechanistic study of methylbenzene dealkylation in methanol-to-olefins catalysis on HSAPO-34 ⇑ Andrew Hwang, Blake A. Johnson, Aditya Bhan Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA article info abstract Article history: Methylbenzenes entrained within the cavities of silicoaluminophosphate zeotype HSAPO-34 react with Received 14 June 2018 methanol in H+-mediated dealkylation to give ethylene and propylene in methanol-to-olefins catalysis. Revised 1 August 2018 Methylbenzenes dealkylation on solid acids is proposed to occur either via the side-chain mechanism, Accepted 14 October 2018 where an exocyclic C@C undergoes successive methylation prior to CAC cleavage for olefin elimination, or the paring mechanism, where ring contraction to a bicyclohexenyl cation precedes CAC cleavage for olefin elimination. Distinct dealkylation mechanisms prescribe distinct combinations of C atoms—from Keywords: aromatic methyl, aromatic ring, and methanol/dimethyl ether—to comprise the olefin product. Site- Methanol-to-olefins specific isotope tracing that distinguishes between isotope labels in aromatic methyl and aromatic ring Methylbenzenes dealkylation Isotope tracing positions for each methylbenzene shows that tetramethylbenzene gives ethylene via the side-chain Site-specific mechanism and penta- and hexamethylbenzene give propylene via the paring mechanism. The ratio of Quantitative 13C NMR propylene selectivity to ethylene selectivity increases in methanol reactions on HSAPO-34 entrained with HSAPO-34 a distribution of methylbenzenes deliberately manipulated towards increasing fractions of penta- and Methylbenzene flash chromatography hexamethylbenzene, corroborating the conclusion that aromatic precursors and dealkylation mecha- nisms for ethylene diverge from those for propylene. -
United States Patent 15) 3,669,956 Borck Et Al
United States Patent 15) 3,669,956 Borck et al. (45) June 13, 1972 54) 4-SUBSTITUTEDAMNO 260/472, 260/516, 260/518 R, 260/518 A, 260/519, PHENYACETIC ACDS AND 260/556 AR, 260/556 B, 260/558 S, 260/558 A, DERVATIVES THEREOF 260/559 T, 260/559 A, 260/.571, 260/574, 260/.575, (72 Inventors: Joachim Borck; Johann Dahin; Volker 424/244, 424/246, 424/248, 424/250, 424/267, Koppe; Josef Kramer; Gustav Shorre; J. 424/270, 424/272, 424/273, 424/274, 424/304, W. Hermann Hovy; Ernst Schorscher, all 424/309, 424/32 i, 424/324, 424/330 of Darmstadt, Germany 51) int. Cl. ........................................................ C07d 41/04 58) Field of Search........ 260/294X,293.4, 293.47, 239 BF, 73) Assignee: E. Merck A. G., Darmstadt, Germany 260/326.3, 294.3 E (22) Filed: July 22, 1968 56) References Cited (21) Appl. No.: 746,326 UNITED STATES PATENTS (30) Foreign Application Priority Data 3,252,970 5/1966 Huebner................................ 260/239 July 22, 1967 Germany.............................. M 74881 3,385,852 5/1968 Casadio................................. 260/246 Jan. 8, 1968 Germany... ....M 76850 OTHER PUBLICATIONS Feb. 23, 1968 Germany...... ...M 77363 March 1, 1968 Germany.............................. M 77429 Norman et al., J. Chen. Soc. 1963, (Nov.), 5431-6. (52) U.S. Cl................... 260/239 BF, 260/239 A, 260/239 E, Primary Examiner-Henry R. Jiles 260/243 B, 260/246, 260/247. 1, 260/247.2 R, Assistant Examiner-G. Thomas Todd 260/247.2 A, 260/247.2 B, 260/247.5 R, 260/247.7 Attorney-Millen, Raptes & White A, 260/247.7 H, -
13C NMR Study of Co-Contamination of Clays with Carbon Tetrachloride
Environ. Sci. Technol. 1998, 32, 350-357 13 sometimes make it the equal of solid acids like zeolites or C NMR Study of Co-Contamination silica-aluminas. Benesi (7-9) measured the Hammett acidity of Clays with Carbon Tetrachloride function H0 for a number of clays; these H0 values range from +1.5 to -8.2 (in comparison to H0 )-12 for 100% ) and Benzene sulfuric acid and H0 5 for pure acetic acid). Therefore, one can expect that certain chemical transformations might occur in/on clays that are similar to what are observed in zeolite TING TAO AND GARY E. MACIEL* systems. Thus, it is of interest to examine what happens Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, when carbon tetrachloride and benzene are ªco-contami- Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 nantsº in a clay. This kind of information would be useful in a long-term view for understanding chemical transforma- tions of contaminants in soil at contaminated sites. Data on 13 these phenomena could also be useful for designing predic- Both solid-sample and liquid-sample C NMR experiments tive models and/or effective pollution remediation strategies. have been carried out to identify the species produced by Solid-state NMR results, based on 13C detection and line the reaction between carbon tetrachloride and benzene narrowing by magic angle spinning (MAS) and high-power when adsorbed on clays, kaolinite, and montmorillonite. Liquid- 1H decoupling (10), have been reported on a variety of organic sample 13C and 1H NMR spectra of perdeuteriobenzene soil components such as humic samples (11-13). Appar- extracts confirm the identities determined by solid-sample ently, there have been few NMR studies concerned directly 13C NMR and provide quantitative measures of the amounts with elucidating the interactions of organic compounds with of the products identifiedsbenzoic acid, benzophenone, and soil or its major components. -
United States Patent O Fice Patented Dec
2,816,144 United States Patent O fice Patented Dec. 10, 1957 2. conventional manner and the hydrolysis mass is heated until completely free of any side chain chlorine deriva 2,816,144 tives. This can be determined by the use of alcoholic silver nitrate, for example, which will form a cloudy pre PROBEDUCTION OF RBENZALDEHYDE cipitate upon contact with compounds containing a side Robert W. Harris, Silsborough Township, Somerset chain chlorine group. County, N. S. The benzaldehyde which is obtained upon hydrolysis Separates from the aqueous layer and upon washing and No Drawing. Application August 4, 1955, fractionating yields a substantially pure compound which Seria No. 526,574. 0 is totally free from chlorine. 8 Claims. (C. 260-599) The chlorination of toluene is essentially a step-wise reaction and thus the chlorination can be terminated be fore more than two or three percent is converted to the The present invention relates to a process for the pro 5 tri-chloro derivative. This will correspond to a benzal duction of benzaldehyde from toluene. More particu chloride content of no more than about 35%, depending larly, it relates to a process wherein toluene is reacted upon the particular conditions of the reaction, the balance with chlorine and hydrolyzed to produce benzaldehyde being benzyl chloride with a minor amount of unreacted free from chlorine. toluene. Consequently, the reaction is terminated far The chlorination of toluene will result in the introduc 20 short of the maximum formation of benzal chloride so tion of one, two or three chlorine atoms in the methyl that substantially none of the toluene is lost through the side chain. -
Methamphetamine Synthesis L ______I ______D ______ Most Commonly Synthesized E Controlled Substance ______3 ______8
S ___________________________________ l Introductions and Welcome ___________________________________ i d ___________________________________ e Course coordinator’s welcome ___________________________________ Instructor introductions 1 Participant introductions ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ S ___________________________________ Administrative Information l ___________________________________ i ___________________________________ Breaks and start times d Restroom location ___________________________________ Eating or smoking in classroom e ___________________________________ ___________________________________ 2 ___________________________________ S ___________________________________ Course Overview & Objectives l ___________________________________ i ___________________________________ Purpose: Train first responders to… d Recognize a clandestine drug lab… ___________________________________ Recognize drug lab paraphernalia… e Implement appropriate actions. ___________________________________ ___________________________________ 3 ___________________________________ S ___________________________________ Drug Lab Definitions l ___________________________________ i ___________________________________ Lab—General Definition d Covert or secret illicit operation ___________________________________ Combination of apparatus & chemicals e Used to make controlled substances. ___________________________________ ___________________________________ 4 ___________________________________ -
Supporting Information
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for ChemComm. This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Electronic Supplementary Information for Anodic aromatic C,C cross-coupling reaction using parallel laminar flow mode in a flow microreactor Toshihiro Arai, Hiroyuki Tateno, Koji Nakabayashi, Tsuneo Kashiwagi, and Mahito Atobe Department of Environment and System Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 2408501, Japan. *To whom the correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected] This PDF file includes: Instrumentation Materials Experimental procedure Spectroscopic data S1 1. Instrumentation Nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectra were measured on BRUKER DRX 300 1 1 spectrometer operating at 300 MHz ( H NMR) in CDCl3. All H NMR chemical shifts were reported in ppm relative to internal references of TMS at 0.00. Preparative electrolyses were carried out with a HOKUTO DENKO HABF-501A Potentiostat/Galvanostat. GCMS analyses were performed with a Shimadzu gas chromatograph mass spectrometer GCMS-QP2010. 2. Materials Acetonitrile, acetic acid, and naphthalene (1) were purchased from Kanto Chemical and used as received. Pentamethylbenzene (2), isodurene (5), mesitylene (6), 2-bromonaphthalene (8), and tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate (Bu4NBF4) were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry and used as received. 3. Flow Microreactor Figure S1 shows construction procedure for the electrochemical two-inlet flow microreactor. The reactor was constructed from glass plates and two platinum (Pt) plates (3 cm width, 3 cm length each) (Step 1 of Figure S1). A spacer (20 m thickness double faced adhesive tape) was used to leave a rectangular channel exposed, and the two electrodes were simply sandwiched together (area of the two electrodes: 1 × 3 cm2). -
Provisional Peer Reviewed Toxicity Values for Benzyl Chloride (Casrn 100-44-7)
EPA/690/R-08/005F l Final 7-14-2008 Provisional Peer Reviewed Toxicity Values for Benzyl chloride (CASRN 100-44-7) Superfund Health Risk Technical Support Center National Center for Environmental Assessment Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH 45268 Acronyms and Abbreviations bw body weight cc cubic centimeters CD Caesarean Delivered CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 CNS central nervous system cu.m cubic meter DWEL Drinking Water Equivalent Level FEL frank-effect level FIFRA Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act g grams GI gastrointestinal HEC human equivalent concentration Hgb hemoglobin i.m. intramuscular i.p. intraperitoneal IRIS Integrated Risk Information System IUR inhalation unit risk i.v. intravenous kg kilogram L liter LEL lowest-effect level LOAEL lowest-observed-adverse-effect level LOAEL(ADJ) LOAEL adjusted to continuous exposure duration LOAEL(HEC) LOAEL adjusted for dosimetric differences across species to a human m meter MCL maximum contaminant level MCLG maximum contaminant level goal MF modifying factor mg milligram mg/kg milligrams per kilogram mg/L milligrams per liter MRL minimal risk level MTD maximum tolerated dose MTL median threshold limit NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards NOAEL no-observed-adverse-effect level NOAEL(ADJ) NOAEL adjusted to continuous exposure duration NOAEL(HEC) NOAEL adjusted for dosimetric differences across species to a human NOEL no-observed-effect level OSF oral slope -
Referee's Comment in Italic Font; Author's Response in Blue Without
Referee’s Comment in Italic Font; Author’s response in Blue without Italic Font. 1-page 31153, In title and in many places throughout article it would be more accurate to say “monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons” instead of the more general “aromatic hydrocarbons” to make clear that the focus of this study was benzene and substituted benzene compounds. Agree. We will change all “aromatic hydrocarbons” to “monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons”. 2-page 31154, line 2, The wording “determines the SOA formation” is unclear. Does it refer to SOA yield? composition? Both? The “SOA formation” means both the SOA yield and SOA chemical composition. We will insert “(SOA yield and chemical composition)” after “determines the SOA formation”. 3-page 31154, line 16, Unclear what is meant by “less oxidized per mass/carbon.” “less oxidized per mass/carbon” corresponds to two parameters which are used to compare the SOA formation difference in different aromatic hydrocarbons in this paper. “oxidized per mass” refers to SOA yield which determines SOA formation potential on a mass basis.“oxidized per carbon” refers to SOA chemical composition (e.g. OSc, O/C and H/C) which determines SOA formation potential on a mole or carbon number basis. To clarify the meaning of “less oxidized per mass/carbon”, we will add “on a basis of SOA yield or chemical composition” after “less oxidized per mass/carbon”. 4-page 31155, line 13, Define what is meant by “methyl group branching” Good point. We will replace “methyl group branching ratio” with “the increase of branched structure”. 5-page 31158, line 14, How are the yield values found in this study different from those in previous studies? Higher or lower? The differences in absolute values of SOA yield in previous studies and this studies depend on the photooxidation conditions. -
Roc Profile: Benzotrichloride
Report on Carcinogens, Fourteenth Edition For Table of Contents, see home page: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/roc Benzotrichloride Property Information Molecular weight 195.5a CAS No. 98-07-7 Specific gravity 1.38 at 20°C/4°Ca Melting point –5°Ca Reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen Boiling point 221°C at 760 mm Hga Log K 2.92a First listed in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (1985) ow Water solubility 53 mg/L at 5°Cb Also known as 1-(trichloromethyl)benzene, α,α,α-trichlorotoluene, Vapor pressure 0.414 mm Hg at 25°Ca or benzoic trichloride Vapor density relative to air 6.77a Cl Sources: aHSDB 2009, bChemIDplus 2009. C Cl Use Cl Carcinogenicity Benzotrichloride is used extensively as a chemical intermediate in manufacturing processes. Its most important derivative is benzoyl Benzotrichloride is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcino- chloride (IARC 1999). It has also been used as a dye intermediate in gen based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in the preparation of eight dyes and pigments, including five that have experimental animals. been produced in commercial quantities in the United States. In ad- dition, benzotrichloride has been used to make benzotrifluoride and Cancer Studies in Experimental Animals hydroxybenzophenone ultraviolet-light stabilizers for plastics and in Exposure to benzotrichloride by two routes of administration caused the production of ion-exchange resins, pharmaceuticals, and antimi- tumors at several different tissue sites in mice. When administered crobial agents (IARC 1982b). to female mice by stomach tube, benzotrichloride caused cancer of Production the forestomach (squamous-cell carcinoma) and of the lining of the lung (adenocarcinoma). -
Efficient Synthesis of Chelators for Nuclear
(19) TZZ Z_T (11) EP 2 079 486 B1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION (45) Date of publication and mention (51) Int Cl.: of the grant of the patent: A61K 49/00 (2006.01) A61K 51/04 (2006.01) 04.04.2018 Bulletin 2018/14 A61P 9/00 (2006.01) A61P 9/10 (2006.01) A61P 9/06 (2006.01) A61P 35/00 (2006.01) (2006.01) (21) Application number: 07799253.5 A61P 35/02 (22) Date of filing: 02.07.2007 (86) International application number: PCT/US2007/072669 (87) International publication number: WO 2008/045604 (17.04.2008 Gazette 2008/16) (54) EFFICIENT SYNTHESIS OF CHELATORS FOR NUCLEAR IMAGING AND RADIOTHERAPY: COMPOSITIONS AND APPLICATIONS EFFIZIENTE SYNTHESE VON CHELATOREN FÜR NUKLEARBILDGEBUNG UND RADIOTHERAPIE: ZUSAMMENSETZUNGEN UND ANWENDUNGEN SYNTHÈSE EFFICACE DE CHÉLATEURS DESTINÉS À L’IMAGERIE NUCLÉAIRE ET À LA RADIOTHÉRAPIE : COMPOSITIONS ET APPLICATIONS (84) Designated Contracting States: (74) Representative: Dehmel, Albrecht AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR Dehmel & Bettenhausen HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MT NL PL PT RO SE Patentanwälte PartmbB SI SK TR Herzogspitalstraße 11 Designated Extension States: 80331 München (DE) AL BA HR MK RS (56) References cited: (30) Priority: 05.10.2006 US 828347 P US-A1- 2005 079 133 US-A1- 2006 182 687 28.06.2007 US 770395 • G. BORMANS, B. CLEYNHENS, T. J. DE GROOT, (43) Date of publication of application: L. MORTELMANS, J.-L. MORETTI, A. 22.07.2009 Bulletin 2009/30 VERBRUGGEN: "Synthesis, radio-LC-MS analysis and biodistribution in mice of (73) Proprietors: 99mTc-NIM-BAT" JOURNAL OF LABELLED • The Board of Regents of The University of Texas COMPOUNDS AND RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS, System vol.