Ar-Raqqa’S Needs Overview

01 JULY 2018 AR-RAQQA’S NEEDS OVERVIEW

01 JULY 2018 AR-RAQQA’S Al-Ameen for Humanitarian Support: Al Ameen, short for Al-Ameen for Humanitarian Support, is a non-profit organiza�on, established in 2012 in Northern NEEDS OVERVIEW Syria. Star�ng as a group of ac�vists with a mission of helping all conflict-affected people of Syria, Al-Ameen had to grow and expand in order to deal with huge and poorly sa�sfied humanitarian, rehabilita�on, and development needs of 01 JULY 2018 conflict-affected communi�es throughout the country. An expanding scope of military opera�ons, increased displacement of Syrian people and lack of centralized government to provide administra�on and services in many areas of the country, provided background for the organiza�on’s expansion and growth as it worked vigorously to support people and communi�es in dire need.

Al Ameen implements number of programs in the diﬀerent non-regime-controlled areas across Syria.

Ar-Raqqa city center which is one of the districts of Ar-Raqqa Governorate is accessible for Al-Ameen although the high risk of injury from remaining mines, booby traps and unexploded ordinances. AR-RAQQA CITY: TIMELINE OF RECENT MAJOR EVENTS:

• 2013- March • Ar-Raqqa is the ﬁrst major city in Syria to be taken by Armed Opposi�on Groups (AOGs) including the Free Syrian Army & militants from Al-Nusra Front.

•2014- January • ISIL takeover Ar-Raqqa Governorate.

•2016- October •The oﬀensive to retake Raqqa from IS begun. •Opera�on to expel (ISIS, ISIL, or Daesh), from Northeast Syria commences by the SDF, supported by coali�on- start taking villages/towns surrounding Raqqa city

•2017- June •Oﬀensive on Ar-Raqqa city starts, heavy aerial bombardment and ground conﬂict.

•2017- October •Raqqa city completely evacuated of civilians. •Hundreds of civilians were killed and thousands wounded. •Destruc�on of most of the city, including civilian infrastructure. •Some 200,000 people who ﬂed Raqqa with no homes to return. •Raqqa, Is Captured by the U.S.-Backed Forces.

AR-RAQQA CITY AR-RAQQA CITY: TIMELINE OF RECENT MAJOR EVENTS: TABLE OF CONTENTS:

• 2013- March CONTENTS • Ar-Raqqa is the ﬁrst major city in Syria to be taken by Armed Opposi�on Groups (AOGs) including the Free Syrian Army & militants from Al-Nusra Front. 1. General Informa�on: …………………………………………………………………………………………………...01 2. Objec�ves………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………01 •2014- January 3. Methodology ……………………………………………………………..……………………………...... ……………01 • ISIL takeover Ar-Raqqa Governorate. 4. General Findings: ………………………………………………………………………………...... ………...... 02

•2016- October 3.1 Source of informa�on: …………………………………………………………………………………………………02 •The offensive to retake Raqqa from IS begun. 3.2 Number of interviews: ………………………………………………………………………………………..………03 •Opera�on to expel (ISIS, ISIL, or Daesh), from Northeast Syria commences by the SDF, supported by 3.3 Interviewees Governorate of Origin: …………………………...... …………………………...…………03 coali�on- start taking villages/towns surrounding Raqqa city 3.4 Interviewees most recent displacement: …………………………………………………...……...... …03 3.5 Interviewees displacement experience: …………………………………...... ………………...... ……..…04 •2017- June 3.6 Gender & Age of Interviewees: ……………………………………………………...... …….04 •Offensive on Ar-Raqqa city starts, heavy aerial bombardment and ground conflict. 5. Findings per Sector: …………………………………...... ………………………...….04 •2017- October •Raqqa city completely evacuated of civilians. a. Food Security: …………………………………………………...... ……….…….05 •Hundreds of civilians were killed and thousands wounded. •Destruc�on of most of the city, including civilian infrastructure. 1. The main Food items Purchased per Month……...... ……06 •Some 200,000 people who fled Raqqa with no homes to return. 2. Most Recent food Assistance: ………………...... …06 •Raqqa, Is Captured by the U.S.-Backed Forces. 3. Number of consumed meals per day: ………...... ……...... ……06 4. Bakeries: ………………...... …07 5. Deeper informa�on about the center of Ar-Raqqa: …………...... ….……08 6. Deeper informa�on about the Governorate of Ar-Raqqa: …………...... 08 7. Food Security Sector Priori�es: …………………...... 08

b. Livelihoods: ………………...... …09

1. Head of family educa�on Level: ………...... …………10 2. Head of family General Skills/ Profession……...... ………10 3. Main Income Source: ……………...... …11 4. The Monthly Expenses: S.P………...... 11 5. Livelihood Sector Priori�es: ………...... 11

c. Non-Food Items: ……...... ……………13

1. NFI Signiﬁcance…………...... ………14 2. Access to NFIs: …………...... ,...... ………14 AR-RAQQA 3. Challenges with accessing the NFI distribu�ons: …...... ………………15 4. Deeper informa�on about accessing NFIs: ………...... ,.....…………15 5. Basic household items: ……………...... ……16 6. Energy / cooking fuel: ………...... ……16 CITY 7. Strategies to cope with the lack of cooking fuel: ……...... …..…………16 8. Energy / Hea�ng fuel: …………………...... 17 9. Top NFI Needs: …………………...... 17 10. Top NFI Needs according to age & gender: ………………...... ….18 d. Shelter ……………...... ……19

1. Shelter Condi�on across the Governorate: ……………...... ……20 2. Top priority needs in the shelter sector in the governorate of Ar-Raqqa: ……………....…21 e. Housing and Land Proper�es: ……...... ………..…22 1. Exis�ng housing, land and property (HLP) problems in the whole Governorate..………23 2. Exis�ng housing, land and property problems in the Sub-Districts of Ar-Raqqa...... 23 3. Legal Obstacles & Access to shelters: ……………...... ……24 4. Ownership Documents: ………………...... …25 5. Evic�on experience: …………………...... 25 6. Evic�on Reasons: ………………...... 25 7. HLP Sector Priori�es across the Governorate: …...... ………………26 f. Services: ……………...... 27

1. Main source of Electricity: ……………...... ……28 2. Secondary source of Electricity: ……………...... ……28 3. Access to Main Electricity Network: ………………...... …28 4. Needs to Improve the electricity: ……………...... ……28 5. Roads & Bridges: ……………...... ……29 6. Improve the current roads & Bridges on the sub-district level: ……...... ……………30 7. Available means of communica�on: …...... ………………30 8. Top Service sector Priori�es: ………...... ………31 g. WASH………...... …………32

1. The water network condi�on: ………...... …………33 2. Main Water Source: …………...... 33 3. Water Cost: ……………...... ……34 4. Drinking water quality: …………...... ……34 5. Ways used for the treatment of drinking water: …...... ……………34 6. Available Water Quan�ty: ………...... 34 7. Water Container Type: ………...... 35 8. Solid Waste: …………...... 35 9. Water Sector priori�es across the governorate: ……...... 36 10. Sewerage Sector priori�es across the governorate: ……………...... 36 11. Hygiene Sector priori�es across the governorate: ………...... …37 12. Access to Personal Hygiene items: ………...... 38 13. Access to House Cleaning items: …………………...... 39 14. Access to Sanitary Items: …………...... …39 h. Educa�on ………...... …………40

1. Children & schools ……………...... ….…41 2. The main problems to send & keep children in your family (6-17 years) to school:...….41 3. The top solu�ons for children to go and stay in school: ……………...... ……42 4. The top Priori�es in the educa�on sector: …………...... ………42 d. Shelter ……………...... ……19 i. Protec�on………………...... …43 1. Shelter Condi�on across the Governorate: ……………...... ……20 2. Top priority needs in the shelter sector in the governorate of Ar-Raqqa: ……………....…21 1. Special support for women and girls in the area…………………...... 44 2. The top problems with safety or children welfare in Ar-Raqqa: …………………...... 44 e. Housing and Land Proper�es: ……...... ………..…22 3. Separated children: ……………………………………...... 44 1. Exis�ng housing, land and property (HLP) problems in the whole Governorate..………23 4. Subject to shelling / air strikes: ……...... ……………45 2. Exis�ng housing, land and property problems in the Sub-Districts of Ar-Raqqa...... 23 5. Situa�ons prevalent within the Governorate in 3 months prior the Assessment: …….45 3. Legal Obstacles & Access to shelters: ……………...... ……24 6. The top three priori�es for the Protec�on sector across the governorate: ……………...46 4. Ownership Documents: ………………...... …25 5. Evic�on experience: …………………...... 25 j. Health…………………...... 47 6. Evic�on Reasons: ………………...... 25 7. HLP Sector Priori�es across the Governorate: …...... ………………26 1. Access and availability……………...... ……47 2. The top challenges accessing Health care across the governorate: …………………...... 48 f. Services: ……………...... 27 3. Access to vaccines: ……………...... ……48 4. Top priori�es for suppor�ng the health sector across the governorate: ……………..……48 1. Main source of Electricity: ……………...... ……28 5. Top consumed foods by the children aged /0-6 Months/:………...... …………49 2. Secondary source of Electricity: ……………...... ……28 6. Needed nutri�on items for your children aged /0-24 Months/:……...... ……………50 3. Access to Main Electricity Network: ………………...... …28 7. The top 4 problems which iden�ﬁed in feeding babies and young children 4. Needs to Improve the electricity: ……………...... ……28 /0-6 Months/…...... 50 5. Roads & Bridges: ……………...... ……29 8. Top priori�es for the Nutri�on sector across the governorate: …...... 51 6. Improve the current roads & Bridges on the sub-district level: ……...... ……………30 7. Available means of communica�on: …...... ………………30 k. Priority Needs in the governorate of Ar-Raqqa: …………………...... 52 8. Top Service sector Priori�es: ………...... ………31 l. The coping strategies used by the family to cope with a lack of NFIs, Food, g. WASH………...... …………32 Money and other resources: …………………...... 54

1. The water network condi�on: ………...... …………33 m. Returnees to the center of Ar-Raqqa -Apr-2018: ……...... 54 2. Main Water Source: …………...... 33 3. Water Cost: ……………...... ……34 n. Deeper Needs: ……………...... 55 4. Drinking water quality: …………...... ……34 5. Ways used for the treatment of drinking water: …...... ……………34 o. RECOMMENDATIONS: ………...... …………56 6. Available Water Quan�ty: ………...... 34 7. Water Container Type: ………...... 35 8. Solid Waste: …………...... 35 1. Food Security & Livelihoods Sector………...... …………57 9. Water Sector priori�es across the governorate: ……...... 36 2. Health Sector……………...... ……57 10. Sewerage Sector priori�es across the governorate: ……………...... 36 3. Nutri�on Sector…………………………...... …………....57 11. Hygiene Sector priori�es across the governorate: ………...... …37 4. Protec�on Sector…………...... ………57 12. Access to Personal Hygiene items: ………...... 38 5. Mine ac�on…………...... ………57 13. Access to House Cleaning items: …………………...... 39 6. WASH Sector……...... ……………57 14. Access to Sanitary Items: …………...... …39 7. Educa�on Sector: …...... ………………58 8. Shelter and NFI Sector……………...... 58 h. Educa�on ………...... …………40 9. HLP Sector………………...... 58 10. Demography Sec�on……………...... 58 1. Children & schools ……………...... ….…41 Contact: ...... 58 2. The main problems to send & keep children in your family (6-17 years) to school:...….41 3. The top solu�ons for children to go and stay in school: ……………...... ……42 4. The top Priori�es in the educa�on sector: …………...... ………42 GENERAL INFORMATION 13.1 million people are in need of humanitarian assistance in Syria, including 6.1 million IDPs. Conflict has killed over 400,000 people and caused large-scale displacement. Between November 2016 and October 2017, the campaign to expel the group known as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, ISIS or DAESH) from Ar-Raqqa governorate in North East Syria led to an escala�on of conflict across the area. Conflict resulted in mul�ple phases of significant displacement of civilians and resulted in high levels of need of both the displaced and those that remained in areas of direct conflict. Furthermore, the ability of host communi�es across Ar-Raqqa governorate to absorb internally displaced persons (IDPs) became increasingly stretched as their number grew. the whole popula�on of Ar-Raqqa over 375,000 persons were displaced within and from the governorate between November 2016 and September 2017. IDPs fled to territory that came under control of the Syrian Democra�c Forces (SDF) in previous phases of figh�ng. All of Raqqa suffered intense airstrikes by the U.S.-led coali�on, the infrastructure was destroyed, as were more than 75 % of civilian homes. With conflict reducing across the governorate, thousands of IDPs returned to their communi�es of origin, likely to loca�ons in need of post-conflict reconstruc�on and with severely limited basic services. Ba�les came to an end and ISIS militants were driven out of the area, but definitely not free of cost. It has become almost impossible to differen�ate between what was once a home or a shop in the center of Ar-Raqqa. It is likely that around 110.500 IDPs returned to areas of origin with limited access to Health services and in severe need of de-mining and repairs to shelters, roads and other infrastructure as well as they are in need of all types of help that support in recovering their livelihoods. Civilians also face other risks when going back to check on homes or buildings. These risks include the collapse of buildings in the city center which has widespread destruc�on and wide-scale damage to homes and infrastructure. S�ll many people in Ar-Raqqa and surrounding areas are living in dire condi�ons away from their homes in makeshi� shelters and have been displaced several �mes bearing the agony of displacement, depriva�on and the misery of all of their loses. Reconstruc�on efforts already started plowing through debris with returning locals being deter- mined in their hope to reopen shops and inject life back into the city center.

OBJECTIVES To Assess the situa�on in Ar-Raqqa under the diﬀerent sectors and propose op�mal response modal- i�es and develop opera�onal plan there, Al-Ameen Organiza�on conducted mul� sectorial needs assessment in Ar-Raqqa governorate during Apr-2018 assessing all the sub-districts of Ar-Raqqa excluding Ma’adaan and Al Sabkha sub-districts which are under the control of the Syrian regime.

METHODOLOGY Al-Ameen developed the assessment form to collect data from Key Informants (KIs) during the informa�on collec�on. Fieldworks started on 15-Apr-2018 and were completed on 15-May-2018. A�er receiving the raw data, the Data Need Assessment Unit /DNA/ in Al-Ameen began the data valida�on and cleaning process. Next, the data analysis & transla�on process started.

01 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. GENERAL INFORMATION The assessed geographical area is limited to areas that are accessible by Al-Ameen enumerators. /all 13.1 million people are in need of humanitarian assistance in Syria, including 6.1 million IDPs. the areas of Ar-Raqqa excluding Ma’adaan and Al Sabkha sub-districts which are under the control Conflict has killed over 400,000 people and caused large-scale displacement. of the Syrian regime/. Between November 2016 and October 2017, the campaign to expel the group known as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, ISIS or DAESH) from Ar-Raqqa governorate in North East Syria led The assessment was provided to the enumerators on smart phones and tablets for onsite comple- to an escala�on of conflict across the area. Conflict resulted in mul�ple phases of significant displace- �on using Kobo-Collect so�ware, all interviewees were instructed to provide answers to the best of ment of civilians and resulted in high levels of need of both the displaced and those that remained their knowledge about the topics. in areas of direct conflict. Furthermore, the ability of host communi�es across Ar-Raqqa governor- The primary data collec�on methods used include key informant interviews and direct observa�ons. ate to absorb internally displaced persons (IDPs) became increasingly stretched as their number Several enumerators covered each sub-district. The enumerators iden�fied key informants and grew. conducted interviews using the ques�onnaire as a basis to record informa�on, or a notebook if a the whole popula�on of Ar-Raqqa over 375,000 persons were displaced within and from the gover- ques�onnaire was unsafe to carry. The enumerators noted observa�ons to verify key informant infor- norate between November 2016 and September 2017. IDPs fled to territory that came under ma�on and obtained evidence of records where possible for further verifica�on and improvement control of the Syrian Democra�c Forces (SDF) in previous phases of figh�ng. All of Raqqa suffered of confidence level. Then, the enumerators submi�ed the collected data of the ques�onnaire intense airstrikes by the U.S.-led coali�on, the infrastructure was destroyed, as were more than 75 through Kobo-Toolbox. % of civilian homes. With conflict reducing across the governorate, thousands of IDPs returned to their communi�es of The total number of enumerators who par�cipated in the assessment was 20 enumerators; Upon origin, likely to loca�ons in need of post-conflict reconstruc�on and with severely limited basic consolida�on of the collected data, the /DNA/ team proceeded with data visualiza�on by iden�fying services. the required tables, graphs, and maps which will feed into the analysis of assessment findings. Data Ba�les came to an end and ISIS militants were driven out of the area, but definitely not free of cost. visualiza�on was conducted using MS Excel program. Further in-depth analysis of specific variables It has become almost impossible to differen�ate between what was once a home or a shop in the was conducted to elaborate the key findings presented in this report. Data analysis shaped the struc- center of Ar-Raqqa. ture of the report and informed the development of the priority health needs outlined in the conclu- It is likely that around 110.500 IDPs returned to areas of origin with limited access to Health services sion. and in severe need of de-mining and repairs to shelters, roads and other infrastructure as well as they are in need of all types of help that support in recovering their livelihoods. The DNA department ac�vely disseminated the findings through the release of the final report and Civilians also face other risks when going back to check on homes or buildings. These risks include presenta�ons with relevant stakeholders. the collapse of buildings in the city center which has widespread destruc�on and wide-scale damage to homes and infrastructure. S�ll many people in Ar-Raqqa and surrounding areas are living in dire condi�ons away from their homes in makeshi� shelters and have been displaced several �mes GENERAL FINDINGS bearing the agony of displacement, depriva�on and the misery of all of their loses. Reconstruc�on efforts already started plowing through debris with returning locals being deter- 4.1 Source of informa�on: mined in their hope to reopen shops and inject life back into the city center. Al-Ameen collected informa�on from 75 communi�es in Ar-Raqqa through interviewing 849 head of family, the people whom interviewed informed Al-Ameen field staff about the answers of the survey ques�ons. OBJECTIVES They key sources of informa�on which Al-Ameen field staff interviewed are 41 % host community To Assess the situa�on in Ar-Raqqa under the different sectors and propose op�mal response modal- popula�on, 40 % returnees, 18 % IDPs and others from local authori�es. i�es and develop opera�onal plan there, Al-Ameen Organiza�on conducted mul� sectorial needs assessment in Ar-Raqqa governorate during Apr-2018 assessing all the sub-districts of Ar-Raqqa Figure 1: Source of Informa�on: excluding Ma’adaan and Al Sabkha sub-districts which are under the control of the Syrian regime. 41% 40% METHODOLOGY Al-Ameen developed the assessment form to collect data from Key Informants (KIs) during the informa�on collec�on. 18% Fieldworks started on 15-Apr-2018 and were completed on 15-May-2018. A�er receiving the raw data, the Data Need Assessment Unit /DNA/ in Al-Ameen began the data valida�on and cleaning 0.2% 0.5% 0.2% process. Next, the data analysis & transla�on process started. Employee in local Host Community IDPs Local Council Other Returnees

01 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. 02 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. 4.2 Number of interviews: The total number of conducted interviews is 849, 27 % of them were in the center of Ar-Raqqa, the other interviews loca�ons in the below chart:

Figure 2: Number of interviews

226

177

133

99 89

51 47

Al-Thawrah Ar-Raqqa Ein Issa Jurneyyeh Karama Mansura Suluk Tell Abiad 27 226 89 99 51 47 177 133 3% 27% 10% 12% 6% 6% 21% 16%

4.3 Interviewees Governorate of Origin: 95 % of the interviewees from Ar-Raqqa governorate.

Figure 3: Governorate of Origin

0.9% 1% 1% 2.5% 95,4% 100% Deir ezzor Homs Hamah Aleppo ar-raqqa 4.4 Interviewees most recent displacement: In regard to Ar-Raqqa popula�on displacement resul�ng from the recent conflict there which led to actual displacement of people from their loca�ons and, to a loss of their livelihood. The highest number of people whom experienced forced displacement is in 2017. that refers to situa�ons of persons who le� and fled their homes due to conflict, violence, persecu�on and human rights viola- �ons. 43 % from the people interviewed experienced a displacement in 2017, while 22 % in 2016, the other 23 % also experienced displacement in previous years of the conflict

Figure 4: Interviewees most recent displacement

11,5% 6,0% 7.2% 22,0% 43,0% 9,0%

None 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

03 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. Al-Ameen for Humanitarian Support: Al Ameen, short for Al-Ameen for Humanitarian Support, is a non-profit organiza�on, established in 2012 in Northern Syria. Star�ng as a group of ac�vists with a mission of helping all conflict-affected people of Syria, Al-Ameen had to grow and expand in order to deal with huge and poorly sa�sfied humanitarian, rehabilita�on, and development needs of conflict-affected communi�es throughout the country. An expanding scope of military opera�ons, increased displacement of Syrian people and lack of centralized government to provide administra�on and services in many areas of the country, provided background for the organiza�on’s expansion and growth as it worked vigorously to support people and communi�es in dire need.

Al Ameen implements number of programs in the diﬀerent non-regime-controlled areas across Syria.

4.2 Number of interviews: The total number of conducted interviews is 849, 27 % of them were in the center of Ar-Raqqa, the 4.5 Interviewees displacement experience: other interviews loca�ons in the below chart: More than half of the IDPs in Ar-Raqqa have experienced mul�ple displacements as a result of the spread of violence, depleted capaci�es of host communi�es, or diﬃcul�es faced in accessing Figure 2: Number of interviews livelihoods. 226 30 % of people experienced displacement for 1 �me, while 30 % of them experienced displacement for 2 �mes and 21 % displaced 3 �mes. 177

133 Figure 5: Number of Times Displaced

99 89 0 1 2 3

51 47 11,54% 30,74% 30,15% 24,67% 27

Al-Thawrah Ar-Raqqa Ein Issa Jurneyyeh Karama Mansura Suluk Tell Abiad 27 226 89 99 51 47 177 133 3% 27% 10% 12% 6% 6% 21% 16% 6 5 4

0,24% 2,24% 3,42% 4.3 Interviewees Governorate of Origin: 95 % of the interviewees from Ar-Raqqa governorate. 4.6 Gender & Age of Interviewees: Figure 3: Governorate of Origin In total, 33 % of the interviewees were Females, and 67 % Males; with Average of 41 Years old.

FINDINGS PER SECTOR 0.9% 1% 1% 2.5% 95,4% 100% Deir ezzor Al-Ameen collected data reflects the popula�on need and the situa�on across the governorate Homs Hamah Aleppo under the sectors of: ar-raqqa 4.4 Interviewees most recent displacement: In regard to Ar-Raqqa popula�on displacement resul�ng from the recent conflict there which led to actual displacement of people from their loca�ons and, to a loss of their livelihood. The highest number of people whom experienced forced displacement is in 2017. that refers to situa�ons of SHELTER persons who le� and fled their homes due to conflict, violence, persecu�on and human rights viola- �ons. FOOD SECURITY LIVELIHOODS NON-FOOD ITEMS SHATER 43 % from the people interviewed experienced a displacement in 2017, while 22 % in 2016, the other 23 % also experienced displacement in previous years of the conflict

Figure 4: Interviewees most recent displacement HOUSING AND SERVICES WASH EDUCATION LAND PROPERTIES 11,5% 6,0% 7.2% 22,0% 43,0% 9,0%

None 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

PROTECTION HEALTH

03 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. 04 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. A.FOOD SECURITY

High number of people across the governorate are facing shortages in receiving food items in the assessed loca�ons due to the unavailability of money to buy food. Key food commodi�es are available in markets across Ar-Raqqa Governorate, however residents’ ﬁnancial access to food remains a constraint. Returnees to Ar-Raqqa city center precari- ty levels are high and incomes are low, they suﬀer inability to purchase enough food to meet their household’s needs.

Returnees also face a diﬃcult path to rebuilding their livelihoods. Ar-Raqqa city center has limited job opportuni�es and many households are resort- ing to daily casual labor to sustain their household’s income. Poorer households ea�ng less preferred and less expensive foods as well as limi�ng por�on sizes to make ends meet. Child labor is also very common as many schools are s�ll shut and households’ income is very low.

05 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. 1. The main Food items Purchased per Month: The main food items purchased during the month of the assessment May-2018 are Sugar (which is one of the main purchased food items for 89 % of families), Cooking Oil, groats, and margarine. the A.FOOD other items as in the below table: 37% 67% 13% BREAD 5% 44% GROATS FLOOR SUGAR SECURITY TEA 7% 6% 46% RICE BEANS MARGARINE 89% 76%

SUGAR COOCKING OIL High number of people across the governorate are facing shortages in receiving food items in the assessed loca�ons due to the unavailability of THE MAIN FOOD ITEMS PURCHASED PER MONTH money to buy food. Key food commodi�es are available in markets across Ar-Raqqa Governorate, how- 2. Most Recent food Assistance: ever residents’ ﬁnancial access to food remains a Returnees in Ar-Raqqa city have been receiving no or li�le food assistance. Across the Governorate, constraint. Returnees to Ar-Raqqa city center precari- 60% of the Interviewed respondents reported that they didn’t receive food Assistance since 2017. ty levels are high and incomes are low, they suﬀer inability to purchase enough food to meet their household’s needs. Figure 6: Most Recent food Assistance

1,2% 1,8% 60,0% 37,0% Returnees also face a diﬃcult path to rebuilding their livelihoods. Ar-Raqqa city center has limited 2015 2016 2017 2018 job opportuni�es and many households are resort- ing to daily casual labor to sustain their household’s Instead the market is the main source of food for the returnees and vulnerable families. income. Poorer households ea�ng less preferred and less expensive foods as well as limi�ng por�on 3. Number of consumed meals per day: sizes to make ends meet. Child labor is also very 93 % of Interviewed respondents reported their consuming of three meals per day common as many schools are s�ll shut and households’ income is very low. Figure 7: Number of meals per day:

1.8% 93.6% 4.1% 0.5%

2 meals 3 meals 4 meals more

05 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. 06 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. however most men�oned that they were relying on less preferred and less expensive foods in order to make ends meet. In addi�on, many had reduced their meal por�on sizes.

4. Bakeries: The situa�on in the governorate is exacerbated by the high prices. Many bakeries were par�ally/- completely destroyed during the conflict, in addi�on to the affected agriculture and the damage of agricultural crops, mainly wheat, from which bread is made. Interviewees whom have bakeries opera�ng in their area differs from one loca�on to another in total 44 % of people have ac�ve bakeries in their areas, divided by sub-district as below:

Figure 8: Ar-Raqqa Governorate, Access to Ac�ve Bakeries among the popula�on:

Tell Abiad 18%

Suluk 17%

Mansura 19%

Karama 84%

Jurneyyeh 71%

Ein Issa 22%

Ar-Raqqa 65%

Al-Thawrah 100%

Lack of the ac�ve bakeries and the inability to cover the daily needs led to the increase in the price of the bread across the governorate, the price of the bread bag of 1 Kg. is listed below divided per sub-district in Syrian pound.

Figure 9: Average of the price of the bread in the sub-district level: - 150 130 127 114 112 112 107 1kg 102

07 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. however most men�oned that they were relying on less preferred and less expensive foods in order 5. Deeper informa�on about the center of Ar-Raqqa: to make ends meet. In addi�on, many had reduced their meal por�on sizes. The widespread destruc�on of infrastructure in the city has also affected the supply of water to the city. There is currently a massive shortage of water for drinking and cooking. Returnees highlighted 4. Bakeries: this issue as an important constraint since the shortage of water in the city is forcing them to pay an The situa�on in the governorate is exacerbated by the high prices. Many bakeries were par�ally/- average of 200 SYP per drum of water. Each drum contains 200 liters. completely destroyed during the conflict, in addi�on to the affected agriculture and the damage of agricultural crops, mainly wheat, from which bread is made. 6. Deeper informa�on about the Governorate of Ar-Raqqa: Interviewees whom have bakeries opera�ng in their area differs from one loca�on to another in Ar-Raqqa governorate is part of the so called “cereal belt” of Syria (including also Aleppo, Al-Has- total 44 % of people have ac�ve bakeries in their areas, divided by sub-district as below: sakeh, Deir-Ez-Zor, Hama and Idleb governorates), which produced more than 80 percent of wheat na�onwide before the conflict. Currently, Agriculture-based livelihoods in Ar-Raqqa face severe Figure 8: Ar-Raqqa Governorate, Access to Ac�ve Bakeries among the popula�on: constraints across the value chain, affec�ng farmers’ food security and coping strategies.

Tell Abiad 18% 7. Food Security Sector Priori�es: Al-Ameen team Assessed the situa�on in the Governorate and asked the people to answer ques- Suluk 17% �ons to iden�fy their priority needs. The top priori�es of food security sector are: • periodic food baskets Mansura 19% • Bread • Cash assistance to buy food. Karama 84% People in Ar-Raqqa, prefer to receive food aid in the form of Periodic food baskets. The following

Jurneyyeh 71% ﬁgure shows priori�es of food assistance needed in Ar-Raqqa Governorate in more detail:

Ein Issa 22% Figure 10: Food Security Sector Priorit :

Food Priority 1 Food Priority 2 Food Priority 3 Ar-Raqqa 65% % 35 % 30 % %

Al-Thawrah 25 100% 24 % 23 % 22 % % % 18 18 16 % % 15 13 % 11 % % 9 9 % % 5

Lack of the ac�ve bakeries and the inability to cover the daily needs led to the increase in the price 4 % % 1 0 CASH ASSISTANCE TO PERIODICFOOD READY TO EAT FOOD SUPPLEMENTS FOR FOR SUPPLEMENTS FLOUR of the bread across the governorate, the price of the bread bag of 1 Kg. is listed below divided per BREAD NUTRITIONAL NUTRITIONAL BASKETS CHILDREN sub-district in Syrian pound. BUYFOOD

Figure 9: Average of the price of the bread in the sub-district level: - 150 130 127 114 112 112 107 1kg 102 FOOD SECURITY

07 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. 08 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. B.LIVELIHOODS

The situa�on remains difficult for more than 60 % of the popula�on of the Governorate of Ar-Raqqa because of low produc�on and low income com- pared to prices and in the absence of services and assistance to help them improve and enhance their living condi�ons. Agriculture & Livestock are the most comprehensive human ac�vity in the province of Raqqa, Agriculture & Livestock needs more a�en�on a�er the deteriora- �on caused by the events that hit the governorate, its farmers and breeders. Al-Raqqa governorate contains a large number of qualified professionals, especially among the youth genera�on. Those In need of social and professional revitaliza�on that enable them to be engaged in the local market and overcome the nega�ve effects le� by ISIS on the province.

09 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. 1. Head of family educa�on Level: The below chart shows the head of families interviewed Educa�on Level, which gives be�er understanding of the social and educa�on background of parents across the governorate. 31 % of head of families had primary educa�on, while 30 % are illiterate, 19 % intermediate, 10 % secondary school.

Figure 11: HoH Educa�on Level 19%

4.2% HIGH SCHOOL

B.LIVELIHOODS ASSOCIATE DEGREE 4% 10.4% 0.5% UNIVERSITY MASTER DEGREE 0.1% SECONDARY PH DEGREE 30.9% 31% ILLITERATE

PRIMARY

The situa�on remains difficult for more than 60 % of the popula�on of the Governorate of Ar-Raqqa because of low produc�on and low income com- 2. Head of family General Skills/ Profession pared to prices and in the absence of services and It’s important to know the general skill/ profession of those in the area, it help in designing the best assistance to help them improve and enhance their livelihoods interven�ons which will improve the condi�on of the vulnerable. living condi�ons. 17,3 of the respondents are daily workers doing different Casual labor, while 14,8 % of the respon- Agriculture & Livestock are the most comprehensive dents are farmers doing different Agriculture works. human ac�vity in the province of Raqqa, Agriculture Other professions / Skills of people across the governorate of Ar-Raqqa in the below chart: & Livestock needs more a�en�on a�er the deteriora- �on caused by the events that hit the governorate, Figure 12: HoH General Skills/ Profession its farmers and breeders. 0.1% Al-Raqqa governorate contains a large number of Hunter 0.1% 0.1% qualified professionals, especially among the youth Guagrd 0.1% 0.1% genera�on. Those In need of social and professional House Assets Iron Smith 0.1% 0.2% revitaliza�on that enable them to be engaged in the Computer Device Expert 0.4% 0.4% local market and overcome the nega�ve effects le� Lawyer 0.5% 0.5% female hairdresser 0.6% by ISIS on the province. 0.7% Mobile phone Device Expert 0.8% 0.8% Car Electrician 0.8% 0.9% Plumber 0.9% 0.9% Houses Electrician 0.9% 0.9% buildings Carpenter 1.1% 1.3% Nursing 1.4% 1.4% employee 1.6% 2.2% Tailor 2.2% 2.4% Mason 2.4% 2.6% Other 3.1% 6.2% Shepherd 6.2% 11.3% No Profession 11.3% 14.8% Daily Worker 17.3%

09 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. 10 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. 3. Main Income Source: Labor is the main source of income for 85% of the families, the other sources are listed in the below table:

Figure 13: Main Source of Income for the HH: % 85.3 % % % % % % % % % % 3.3 2.9 2.2 2.1 1.3 1.1 1.1 0.5 0.1 0.1

LABOUR SAVINGS REMITTANCE SELLING LOANS ASSISTANCE ASSISTANCE TRADE COLLECTING AID FROM OTHER ASSETS DEBT OR GIFT OR GIFT RECYCLING GOT FROM FROM NGO MATERIAL FAMILY 4. The Monthly Expenses: S.P The below monthly expenses chart shows the average of the amount paid for lodging, food consumed within the home, u�li�es paid and other expenses. The average of all the expenses is 174.784 S.P.

Figure 14: The Monthly Expenses: S.P 56794 15506 9733 8117 7638 7208 6933 6929 5442 4293 4195 3909 3902 3809 3486 3436 3283 3127 2998 2990 2957 2828 2728 2545

5. Livelihood Sector Priori�es: Job placement, Cash Grants, Small business star�ng kits & entrepreneurship support are the top The below charts show the top priori�es in the Livelihoods Sector in the Governorate of Ar-Raqqa:

11 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. 3. Main Income Source: Figure 15: the top 3 Livelihood sector priori�es: Labor is the main source of income for 85% of the families, the other sources are listed in the below table: the top 3 Livelihood sector priorities: /priority: 1/

Figure 13: Main Source of Income for the HH: Job Placement 67.6%

% Cash Grants 21.1% 85.3

Support with toolkit 5.8%

Vocational Training 3.9% % % % % % % % % % % 3.3 2.9 2.2 2.1 1.3 1.1 1.1 0.5 0.1 0.1 Courses related to the local markets 1.3% LABOUR SAVINGS REMITTANCE SELLING LOANS ASSISTANCE ASSISTANCE TRADE COLLECTING AID FROM OTHER ASSETS DEBT OR GIFT OR GIFT RECYCLING GOT FROM FROM NGO MATERIAL FAMILY entrepreneurship support 0.4% 4. The Monthly Expenses: S.P

The below monthly expenses chart shows the average of the amount paid for lodging, food the top 3 Livelihood sector priori�es: /priority:2/ consumed within the home, u�li�es paid and other expenses. The average of all the expenses is 174.784 S.P. the top 3 Livelihood sector priorities: /priority:2/

Figure 14: The Monthly Expenses: S.P Support with toolkit 28.0%

56794 Cash Grants 23.0%

Job Placement 19.9%

Vocational Training 17.6%

Courses related to the local markets 9.5% 15506 entrepreneurship support 1.9% 9733 8117 7638 7208 6933 6929 5442 4293 4195 3909 3902 3809 3486 3436 Other

3283 0.1% 3127 2998 2990 2957 2828 2728 2545

Health MISCELLAN COMMUNI COOKING & Related Baby & HH EDUCATION HOUSING CLOTHING EOUS Baby Sanitary DRINKING Hygiene ELECTRICIT CATIONS Food HEATING Drugs & CIGARETTES TOBACCO Adult TRANSPORT WATER Cleaning stationary wood books RELATED internet coal RENTAL & SHOES GOODS & Products Items WATER Items Y mobile gas Treatment Diapers Materials Fees SERVICES phone the top 3 Livelihood sector priori�es: /priority:3/ Expenses 56794 15506 9733 8117 7638 7208 6933 6929 5442 4293 4195 3909 3902 3809 3486 3436 3283 3127 2998 2990 2957 2828 2728 2545 32.5% 8.9% 5.6% 4.6% 4.4% 4.1% 4.0% 4.0% 3.1% 2.5% 2.4% 2.2% 2.2% 2.2% 2.0% 2.0% 1.9% 1.8% 1.7% 1.7% 1.7% 1.6% 1.6% 1.5% the top 3 Livelihood sector priorities: /priority:3/ 5. Livelihood Sector Priori�es: Job placement, Cash Grants, Small business star�ng kits & entrepreneurship support are the top Cash Grants 29.9% The below charts show the top priori�es in the Livelihoods Sector in the Governorate of Ar-Raqqa: Vocational Training 22.6%

entrepreneurship support 17.1%

Support with toolkit 16.1%

Courses related to the local markets 8.0%

Job Placement 5.3%

Other 0.9%

11 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. 12 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. C. NON- FOOD ITEMS

Due to the previous waves of displacement from Ar-Raqqa center to its near rural areas as well as to other sub-districts, and the number of returnees to their houses there is a severe need for non-food items such as clothing, furniture, ma�resses, blankets, and kitchen equipment. Needs have been made more sever by the high price of these goods in area markets, and the weak purchasing power of civilians. When people le� Ar-Raqqa Center they couldn’t carry even their simple needs, most of them le� their homes under shelling or clashes. Moreover, the higher prices of these materials in the markets and the weak purchasing power of civilians were a key cause of the increasing need to provide these materials as aid in the aﬀected areas.

13 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. 1. NFI Significance: The assessment reveals that bedding items, cooking fuel, ma�resses, cooking utensils and water containers are the top five most important basic household items especially in the rural areas. The assessment also confirmed the need for more flexible NFI distribu�on such as hea�ng fuel C. NON- during winter. The need for standard NFI items such as, kitchen sets and jerry cans is increasing in the areas that has returnees such as the Center of Ar-Raqqa, as well as the demand for supplementa- FOOD ITEMS ry items is on the rise.

Figure 15: NFI Signiﬁcance

66 66 59 53

41 39 39 39 38 38 34 32 31 30 29 28 25 23 23 Due to the previous waves of displacement from 18 14 Ar-Raqqa center to its near rural areas as well as to 4 Mattresses/ Cleaning Source of Bedding Cooking Cooking Water Heating Washing Baby Winter Detergent Winter Winter Winter Disposable Sanitary Adult Sleeping liquid (for solar lamps light solar panels Batteries Soap Shoes items fuel utensils containers fuel powder diapers clothes (for dishes) shoes blankets heaters diapers pads diapers other sub-districts, and the number of returnees to mats house) torches 79 66 66 59 53 41 39 39 39 38 38 34 32 31 30 29 28 25 23 23 18 14 4 their houses there is a severe need for non-food 2. Access to NFIs: 9% 8% 8% 7% 6% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 2% 2% 1% items such as clothing, furniture, ma�resses, blan- 93 % of the families reported that they can access to the main NFIs which they need through the kets, and kitchen equipment. Needs have been Markets but most of them cannot cover the high prices of these materials, other 42 % of people made more sever by the high price of these goods in access to NFIs through rela�ves and friends, and only 23% through humanitarian aid distribu�ons. area markets, and the weak purchasing power of Other access categories in the below chart: civilians. When people le� Ar-Raqqa Center they couldn’t carry even their simple needs, most of Figure 16: Access to NFIs them le� their homes under shelling or clashes. Moreover, the higher prices of these materials in the markets and the weak purchasing power of civilians 93% 42% were a key cause of the increasing need to provide Through these materials as aid in the aﬀected areas. Through relatives the market and friends 792 354 194 50 35 33

Through humanitarian aid Through humanitarian aid Through distributions by local Through distributions by local Through the market Through relatives and friends distributions delivered distributions at collection authorities directly to authorities at distribution directly to households points and distribution points households points or collection points 792 354 194 50 33 35 93% 42% 23% 6% 4% 4%

13 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. 14 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. 3. challenges with accessing the NFI distribu�ons: Some families received aid through distribu�ons by local authori�es or humanitarian actors but they faced challenges with accessing the NFI distribu�ons such as lack of transporta�on to distribu�on points.

Figure 17: challenges with accessing the NFI distribu�ons

Safety or security concerns during distributions 2.3%

Safety or security constraints restricting movement to collect items at distribution points 5%

Distance to distribution and collection points too far 12%

Physical constraints preventing access to distribution and collection points (e.g. roads damaged, 17% blockages)

certain population groups are less able or blocked from accessing aid 20%

Lack of access for persons with restricted mobility 22%

Lack of transportation to distribution or collection points (private or public) 22%

4. Deeper informa�on about accessing NFIs: 3 months prior the assessment, there was one/ mul�ple NFIs that families needed to procure but they were unable to aﬀord or access in markets such as bedding items, ma�resses, cooking fuel, cooking utensils, water tanks and other items as below:

Figure 17: Deeper informa�on about accessing NFIs

79%

65% 62%

52% 51%

43%

39% 39% 38% 37% 36% 35%

31% 31% 31% 29% 28% 28%

23% 20% 18% 16%

4.1%

Ma�resse Water Cleaning Detergent Source of Bedding Cooking Cooking Winter Baby solar Heating Washing Winter solar Winter Winter Disposabl Sanitary Adult s/Sleeping container liquid (for (for light Ba�eries Shoes Soap items fuel utensils clothes diapers lamps fuel powder blankets panels heaters shoes e diapers pads diapers mats s house) dishes) torches 79% 65% 62% 52% 51% 43% 39% 39% 38% 37% 36% 35% 31% 31% 31% 29% 28% 28% 23% 20% 18% 16% 4.1%

15 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. 3. challenges with accessing the NFI distribu�ons: 90 % of the people could not aﬀord all their needs from the above items, while other 10 % could not Some families received aid through distribu�ons by local authori�es or humanitarian actors but they access them in the markets. faced challenges with accessing the NFI distribu�ons such as lack of transporta�on to distribu�on points. 5. basic household items: Furthermore, people feel that their access to basic household items was not stable during the three Figure 17: challenges with accessing the NFI distribu�ons months prior the assessment, 29 % pointed out that the market & access condi�ons got worse, while other 12 % reported it got be�er, and 59 % said no changes.

Safety or security concerns during distributions 2.3% Figure 19: basic household items

Safety or security constraints restricting movement to collect items at distribution points 5%

Distance to distribution and collection points too far 12% 59% 29% 12% Physical constraints preventing access to distribution and collection points (e.g. roads damaged, 17% blockages) No changes Got worse Got be�er certain population groups are less able or blocked from accessing aid 20%

Lack of access for persons with restricted mobility 22%

Lack of transportation to distribution or collection points (private or public) 22%

6. Energy / cooking fuel: 4. Deeper informa�on about accessing NFIs: To explore the situa�on of access to the different energy sources among the people of Ar-Raqqa, 3 months prior the assessment, there was one/ mul�ple NFIs that families needed to procure but Al-Ameen collected informa�on from different sources through 849 interviews. they were unable to afford or access in markets such as bedding items, ma�resses, cooking fuel, we found that a large number of people across the governorate use Kerosene as the main cooking utensils, water tanks and other items as below: source of cooking fuel (65%), other 26 % use Gas, while 9% use electricity, charcoal, wood & diesel.

Figure 17: Deeper informa�on about accessing NFIs Figure 20: The main source of cooking fuel used by the household

0.0% 1,0% 2.0% 3.0% 3.0% 26% 65%

None charcoal Diesel Wood Electricity Gas Kerosene 79%

7. Strategies to cope with the lack of cooking fuel: 65% 62% Al-Ameen also collected data regarding the Strategies over the month before the assessment that people use to cope with a lack of cooking fuel, the families used the following coping strategies:

52% 21% Change in diet to prefer food that doesn't require cooking, 20% reduce amount of fuel used for 51% other purposes, 19% Reduce expenditure on other items to pay for fuel, 16% Reduce amount of 43% food eaten, 13% Borrow fuel from friends / rela�ves; 5 % No coping strategies used, 4% Purchase 39% 39% 38% 37% 36% 35% food in restaurants, 3% used other strategies

31% 31% 31% 29% 28% 28% Figure 21: Strategies over the past month to cope with a lack of cooking fuel

23% 20% 18% Other 3% 16%

Purchase food in restaurants 4%

No coping strategies needed 5% 4.1%

Borrow fuel from friends / relatives 13% Ma�resse Water Cleaning Detergent Source of Bedding Cooking Cooking Winter Baby solar Heating Washing Winter solar Winter Winter Disposabl Sanitary Adult s/Sleeping container liquid (for (for light Ba�eries Shoes Soap Reduce amount of food eaten 16% items fuel utensils clothes diapers lamps fuel powder blankets panels heaters shoes e diapers pads diapers mats s house) dishes) torches 79% 65% 62% 52% 51% 43% 39% 39% 38% 37% 36% 35% 31% 31% 31% 29% 28% 28% 23% 20% 18% 16% 4.1% Reduce expenditure on other items to pay for fuel 19%

Reduce amount of fuel used for other purposes 20%

Change in diet to prefer food that doesn't require cooking 21%

15 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. 16 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. 8. Energy / Hea�ng fuel: The most popular hea�ng fuel in Ar-Raqqa is the Diesel, so it’s the main source of hea�ng for 86 % of the families. Other sources used by 15 % of the people are listed in the below table:

Figure 22: The main source of hea�ng fuel used by the household 86% 5% 3% 2% 2% 1% 1%

DIESEL KEROSENE / KAZ OTHER (SPECIFY) WOOD / ELECTRICITY GAS NONE CHARCOAL

9. Top NFI Needs

The number of people assessed requiring Non-Food Items (NFI) assistance across the governorate is signiﬁcantly higher than those requiring shelter support. especially the recent returnees whom are in acute need.

respondents indicate that during the �me of the assessment, the main constraint to accessing shelter and NFI is the lack of ﬁnancial resources. The lack of income and savings, coupled with an increase in prices have rendered communi�es unable to access items such as tools and materials to repair shelter.

Overall, bedding items, water containers, cooking materials, clothes & hea�ng fuel were men�oned as the most urgently needed Interven�ons and has been recorded as a priority in most of the sub-districts and areas assessed.

10. Top NFI Needs according to age & gender

The most urgent NFIs interven�ons are varied according to age & gender, that can be be�er under- stood through the below chart which shows the TOP NFIs needed by the assessed communi�es according to age & gender groups:

17 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. 8. Energy / Hea�ng fuel: The most popular hea�ng fuel in Ar-Raqqa is the Diesel, so it’s the main source of hea�ng for 86 % Figure 23: The NFI Needs: of the families. Other sources used by 15 % of the people are listed in the below table: Women (18-59) Boys (1-17) Girls (1-17) Elderly Men (18-59)

Figure 22: The main source of hea�ng fuel used by the household Winter shoes 3% 13% 11% 2.1% 2%

86% Winter heaters 3% 2% 1.2% 5% 3%

Winter clothes 11% 18% 13% 4% 8%

Winter blankets 5% 12% 6% 15% 7%

Water containers 4% 3% 1.4% 7% 15% 5% 3% 2% 2% 1% 1% Washing powder 14% 2% 8% 3% 0%

DIESEL KEROSENE / KAZ OTHER (SPECIFY) WOOD / ELECTRICITY GAS NONE CHARCOAL Source of light torches 0.2% 0.6% 0.7% 2.5% 1%

solar panels 0.5% 0.7% 0.8% 3% 1% 9. Top NFI Needs solar lamps 0.2% 1.4% 0.6% 2% 1%

The number of people assessed requiring Non-Food Items (NFI) assistance across the governorate is Soap 0.5% 2% 2% 0.8% 0% signiﬁcantly higher than those requiring shelter support. especially the recent returnees whom are in acute need. Sanitary pads 1% 1.3% 15% 5% 0% respondents indicate that during the �me of the assessment, the main constraint to accessing Ma�resses 14% 4% 3% 9% 5% shelter and NFI is the lack of ﬁnancial resources. The lack of income and savings, coupled with an Heating fuel 6% 1.4% 2% 0.6% 8% increase in prices have rendered communi�es unable to access items such as tools and materials to repair shelter. Disposable diapers 0.5% 7% 4% 0.40%%

Overall, bedding items, water containers, cooking materials, clothes & hea�ng fuel were men�oned Detergent (for dishes) 4% 0.6% 7% 4% 0% as the most urgently needed Interven�ons and has been recorded as a priority in most of the sub-districts and areas assessed. Cooking fuel 17% 3% 2% 8% 7%

Clothing 3% 10% 13% 8% 8% 10. Top NFI Needs according to age & gender Bedding items 12% 2% 2% 4% 32% The most urgent NFIs interven�ons are varied according to age & gender, that can be be�er under- stood through the below chart which shows the TOP NFIs needed by the assessed communi�es Ba�eries 0.4% 8% 1.4% 2.2% 1.9% according to age & gender groups: Baby diapers 1% 7% 6% 13%

Adult diapers0.0%0.0% 0.4% %

0% 10% 20% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

As vulnerable groups, IDPs and women who are the head of a household were reported by Al-Ameen ﬁeld team and the interviewees as the main groups in need of immediate assistance in the NFI & shelter sector.

17 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. 18 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. D.SHELTER

In Shelter, overall the situa�on is severe across all the governorate. The area which with acute need is Ar-Raqqa Center, across all areas assessed, the intensity of conflict is an accurate indica�on of the shelter situa�on. In Ar-Raqqa City center availability of shelter is ham- pered primarily by a lack of financial means to repair or rehabilitate the exis�ng small shelter units. Insuffi- cient protec�on from hard weather condi�ons – such as cold, heat, rain, wind, snow - is also one of the priority concerns, an issue which will be com- pounded by the upcoming winter season were shelters unfit for winter condi�ons.

1819 AR�RAQQAAR�RAQQA NEEDSNEEDS OVERVIEW.OVERVIEW. The lack of electricity/ligh�ng is the also a priority concern, followed by concerns of personal safety, security in the city center of Ar-Raqqa.

1. Shelter Condi�on Across the Governorate:

Figure 24: Shelter Condi�on

Other 1.1%

D.SHELTER Damaged & Needs Rehabilitation 100% 1.6%

Damaged & Needs Rehabilitation 75% 2.9%

Damaged & Needs Rehabilitation 50% 9.4%

Damaged & Needs Rehabilitation 25% 21.7% In Shelter, overall the situa�on is severe across all Damaged & Needs Rehabilitation 10% 24.7% the governorate. The area which with Slum (unhealthy, uninhabitable condition) 4.4% acute need is Ar-Raqqa Center, across all areas Unhealthy 4% assessed, the intensity of conflict is an accurate Lack of hygiene 8% indica�on of the shelter situa�on. Need fixing of windows 43% In Ar-Raqqa City center availability of shelter is ham- Need fixing of doors 47% pered primarily by a lack of financial means to repair or rehabilitate the exis�ng small shelter units. Insuffi- Need fixing of roof 23% cient protec�on from hard weather condi�ons – Acceptable 34% such as cold, heat, rain, wind, snow - is also one of the priority concerns, an issue which will be com- pounded by the upcoming winter season were shelters unfit for winter condi�ons. The above chart shows the condi�on of the small shelter units across the governorate of Ar-Raqqa, but most of the 100 % & 75 % damaged shelters and needs rehabilita�on are in Ar-Raqqa city center.

2. Top priority needs in the shelter sector in the governorate of Ar-Raqqa: Across the governorate, the needs for rehabilita�on of the small shelter units, cash assistance to cover the SSUs rehabilita�on costs, and shelter rehabilita�on kits are the top priori�es of the shelter sector. Especially in the center of Ar-Raqqa, implemen�ng projects to cover these needs will help the people in the camps to return to their houses , improve their life condi�on, and it’s injec�ng life in the city.

1819 AR�RAQQAAR�RAQQA NEEDSNEEDS OVERVIEW.OVERVIEW. 20 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. Due to the previous waves of displacement from Ar-Raqqa center to its near rural areas as well as to other sub-districts, and the number of returnees to their houses there is a severe need for non-food items such as clothing, furniture, ma�resses, blankets, and kitchen equipment. Needs have been made more sever by the high price of these goods in area markets, and the weak purchasing power of civilians. When people le� Ar-Raqqa Center they couldn’t carry even their simple needs, most of them le� their homes under shelling or clashes. Moreover, the higher prices of these materials in the markets and the weak purchasing power of civilians were a key cause of the increasing need to provide these materials as aid in the aﬀected areas.

Figure 25: Top 3 Priority needs of the shelter sector:

Top 3 Priority needs of the shelter sector: Priority 1

small shelter units (houses) rehabilitation 55.6%

Cash Assistance to cover rehabilitation costs 26%

Shelter rehabilitation Kit 12.7%

Plastic sheets 2.7%

temporary Shelter 1.5%

Extra Tent |Space| for the current shelter 1.5%

Other 0.2%

Top 3 Priority needs of the shelter sector: Priority 2

Cash Assistance to cover rehabilitation costs 49.2%

Shelter rehabilitation Kit 21%

small shelter units (houses) rehabilitation 17.0%

Plastic sheets 6.8%

Extra Tent |Space| for the current shelter 3.7%

temporary Shelter 1.8%

Other 0.2%

Top 3 Priority needs of the shelter sector: Priority 3

Shelter rehabilitation Kit 50.8%

Cash Assistance to cover rehabilitation costs 16%

Plastic sheets 13.0%

small shelter units (houses) rehabilitation 10.8%

Other 4.2%

temporary Shelter 2.8%

Extra Tent |Space| for the current shelter 2.8%

21 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. Due to the previous waves of displacement from Ar-Raqqa center to its near rural areas as well as to other sub-districts, and the number of returnees to their houses there is a severe need for non-food items such as clothing, furniture, ma�resses, blankets, and kitchen equipment. Needs have been made more sever by the high price of these goods in area markets, and the weak purchasing power of civilians. When people le� Ar-Raqqa Center they couldn’t carry even their simple needs, most of them le� their homes under shelling or clashes. Moreover, the higher prices of these materials in the markets and the weak purchasing power of civilians were a key cause of the increasing need to provide these materials as aid in the aﬀected areas.

Figure 25: Top 3 Priority needs of the shelter sector:

Top 3 Priority needs of the shelter sector: Priority 1

Top 3 Priority needs of the shelter sector: Priority 1 small shelter units (houses) rehabilitation 55.6% E. HOUSING AND Cash Assistance to cover rehabilitation costs 26% Shelter rehabilitation Kit 12.7% LAND PROPERTIES Plastic sheets 2.7% temporary Shelter 1.5%

Extra Tent |Space| for the current shelter 1.5%

Other 0.2% Al-Ameen is aware to the importance of HLP rights Top 3 Priority needs of the shelter sector: Priority 2 in providing durable solu�ons for people in North East Syria. Top 3 Priority needs of the shelter sector: Priority 2 Housing, land and property (HLP) rights are about having a home, free from the fear of forced evic�on; Cash Assistance to cover rehabilitation costs 49.2% a place that oﬀers shelter, safety and the ability to

Shelter rehabilitation Kit 21% secure a livelihood. The concept of HLP includes the full spectrum of rights to housing, land and property small shelter units (houses) rehabilitation 17.0% held according to statutory or customary law or infor- Plastic sheets 6.8% mally; both public and private housing, land and/or

Extra Tent |Space| for the current shelter 3.7% property assets. Land rights are rights held to both land and natural resources. temporary Shelter 1.8% The common HLP issues in Syria include: Other 0.2% tenure discrimina�on leading to inequitable assistance; loss of HLP documenta�on; access to land for Top 3 Priority needs of the shelter sector: Priority 3 shelter and livelihoods; access to natural resources, such as water; land and property crisis; forced Top 3 Priority needs of the shelter sector: Priority 3 evic�on; secondary occupa�on; land grabbing; res�- tu�on; and disinheritance, par�cularly of women Shelter rehabilitation Kit 50.8% and children. Cash Assistance to cover rehabilitation costs 16%

Plastic sheets 13.0% small shelter units (houses) rehabilitation 10.8%

Other 4.2% temporary Shelter 2.8%

Extra Tent |Space| for the current shelter 2.8%

21 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. 1822 AR�RAQQAAR�RAQQA NEEDSNEEDS OVERVIEW.OVERVIEW. 1. Exis�ng housing, land and property (HLP) problems in the whole Governorate: 85 % of people in Ar-Raqqa have no HLP problems, the other 15 % have problems such as loss of HLP documenta�on, Loo�ng of private property, disputes about rent, threat of evic�on or harassment by landlord.

Figure 26: Exis�ng housing, land and property (HLP) problems:

No HLP problems (cannot be selected with any other option) 85.4%

Lack / loss of HLP documentation 4.9%

Looting of private property 3.1%

Disputes about rent (including payment of utilities bills) 2.1%

Threat of eviction or harassment by landlord/others 1.1%

Property unlawfully occupied 1.0%

Other disputes (e.g. Dispute with neighbors) 0.5%

Ownership dispute 0.5%

Property has been expropriated without compensation 0.4%

Change of housing rules and procedures 0%

Illegal alteration of land records 0.2%

Access and use dispute 0.1%

Boundary dispute 0.1%

Secondary occupation 0.1%

Inheritance issues 0.0%

2. Exis�ng housing, land and property (HLP) problems in the Sub-Districts of Ar-Raqqa: The below table shows the exis�ng HLP problems divided on the sub district level:

23 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. 1. Exis�ng housing, land and property (HLP) problems in the whole Governorate: Figure 26: Exis�ng housing, land and property (HLP) problems: 85 % of people in Ar-Raqqa have no HLP problems, the other 15 % have problems such as loss of HLP documenta�on, Loo�ng of private property, disputes about rent, threat of evic�on or harassment by Ar- Al- Ein Tell Whole Jurneyyeh Karama Mansura Suluk landlord. Raqqa Thawrah Issa Abiad Governorate: Ar- Al- Ein Jurneyyeh Karama Mansura Suluk Tell Whole Raqqa Thawrah Issa Abiad Governorate:

Figure 26: Exis�ng housing, land and property (HLP) problems: 81.1% 77.8% 92.4% 79.2% 76.8% 83.0% 93.4% 84.2% 85.1% No HLP problems 5.1% 4.4% 0.0% 4.7% 5.4% 1.9% 1.7% 2.7% 3.2% Lack / loss of HLP 4.7% 3.0% 1.1% 0.9% 0.0% 1.9% 0.6% 2.1% 2.1% No HLP problems (cannot be selected with any other option) 85.4% documentation

Disputes about rent (including 0.8% 4.8% 0.0% 0.9% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.4% 0.7% Lack / loss of HLP documentation 4.9% payment of utilities bills)

Ownership dispute 1.6% 1.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.9% 0.0% 2.7% 1.0% Looting of private property 3.1% Property unlawfully occupied 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.7% 0.1%

Disputes about rent (including payment of utilities bills) 2.1% Secondary occupa�on 3.5% 2.2% 2.2% 2.8% 10.7% 3.8% 2.2% 1.4% 3.0% Looting of private property 0.4% 1.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.9% 0.0% 1.4% 0.5%

Threat of eviction or harassment by landlord/others 1.1% Change of housing rules and 1.6% 2.6% 1.1% 1.9% 3.6% 0.0% 0.6% 0.0% 1.1% procedures

Property unlawfully occupied 1.0% Threat of eviction or 0.8% 1.1% 0.0% 2.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.6% harassment by landlord/others Other disputes (e.g. Dispute with neighbors) 0.5% Other disputes (e.g. Dispute 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.9% 0.0% 1.9% 0.0% 0.0% 0.2% with neighbors) Ownership dispute 0.5% Illegal alteration of land 0.4% 1.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3.8% 0.6% 0.0% 0.5% records Property has been expropriated without compensation 0.4% Property has been 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% expropriated without Change of housing rules and procedures 0% compensation Inheritance issues 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.9% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% Illegal alteration of land records 0.2% Boundary dispute 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1%

Access and use dispute 0.1%

Boundary dispute 0.1% 3. Legal Obstacles & Access to shelters: 1.8 % Of people could not access their shelter / housing in the three months before the assessment Secondary occupation 0.1% due to a lack of documenta�on or other legal obstacle, while 13.2 % didn’t a�empt to access their shelters in the same period of �me as well, 85 % of people don’t have legal obstacles or lack of docu- Inheritance issues 0.0% menta�on problems that aﬀects their access to their shelters.

Figure 28: Percentage of People who were unable to access shelter / housing during the 3 months before the assessment due to a lack of documenta�on or other legal obstacle: 2. Exis�ng housing, land and property (HLP) problems in the Sub-Districts of Ar-Raqqa: The below table shows the exis�ng HLP problems divided on the sub district level:

1.8% 85% 13.2%

People Haven't a�empted to YES NO accessshelter / housing in the past three ++ months

23 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. 24 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. 4. wnership Documents: 46 % of the respondents have a legal or other oﬃcial document to prove their current ownership/tenancy statu, while other 49 % do NOT have, 5 % not sure.

Figure 28: Ownership Documents:

46% 49% 5%

YES NO Not ++ sure

5. Evic�on experience: 7 % of people experienced evic�on during 1 year prior the assessment.

Figure 29: Families whom experienced evic�on in the past year:

7% 93% YES NO ++

6. Evic�on Reasons: The below chart shows the evic�on reasons for the 7 % whom experienced evic�on during 1 year prior the assessment. The main reasons are disputes about rental price, or they were unable to pay for rent, and dispute with host family.

Figure 30: Evic�on Reasons 23,5% 2,9%

Unable to Dispute with pay rent host family 27,9% 32,4%

Disputes about Other rental price

25 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. 4. wnership Documents: 7. HLP Sector Priori�es across the Governorate: 46 % of the respondents have a legal or other oﬃcial document to prove their current owner- The Top 3 Priori�es needs of the HLP sector are legal counseling, assistance to preserve / recover ship/tenancy statu, while other 49 % do NOT have, 5 % not sure. documents and support to dispute resolu�on / media�on capacity.

Figure 28: Ownership Documents: Figure 31: The Top 3 Priori�es needs of the HLP sector: Priority 1

Legal counselling 45.5%

46% 49% 5% assistance to preserve/recover documents 23.3%

Support to Dispute resolution/Mediation capacity 20.1% YES NO Not Coordinated advocacy and awareness on key HLP issues , including trainings and sure 10.4% ++ workshop

None 0.6%

Other 0.1% 5. Evic�on experience: 7 % of people experienced evic�on during 1 year prior the assessment. Figure 32: The Top 3 Priori�es needs of the HLP sector: Priority 2

Figure 29: Families whom experienced evic�on in the past year:

assistance to preserve/recover documents 44.5% 7% 93% Support to Dispute resolution/Mediation capacity 22.7%

YES NO ++ Legal counselling 16.8% Coordinated advocacy and awareness on key HLP issues , including trainings and 14.6% workshop

6. Evic�on Reasons: None 1.3% The below chart shows the evic�on reasons for the 7 % whom experienced evic�on during 1 year prior the assessment.

The main reasons are disputes about rental price, or they were unable to pay for rent, and dispute Figure 33: The Top 3 Priori�es needs of the HLP sector: Priority 3 with host family.

Evic�on Reasons Figure 30: Coordinated advocacy and awareness on key HLP issues , including trainings and 48.5% workshop 23,5% 2,9% None 21.3%

Unable to Dispute with Legal counselling 10.7% pay rent host family

Support to Dispute resolution/Mediation capacity 10.5% 27,9% 32,4%

assistance to preserve/recover documents 7.5% Disputes about Other rental price Other 1.4%

25 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. 26 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. F.SERVICES

People in Ar-Raqqa suffer from a lack of major services the area suffers from diseases and epidem- ics due to poor sewage networks, power cuts, poor quality of bread. The infrastructure in Al-Raqqa has been affected by the conflict, which includes the main and secondary bridges and the roads connec�ng the ci�es and the countryside with each other, in addi�on, the main roads within the city, sewage systems, electricity and water networks have been severely damaged both in the center of the city of Al-Raqqa and the main districts & sub-districts.

People have limited access to the Internet and telecommunica�ons in terms of availability, less than 45 % have access to local mobile network. The eﬀorts of service providers in the city by local authori�es are modest. Al-Ameen assessment included the provision of basic services in the areas, priori�es and required support methods.

27 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. 1. Main source of Electricity: 68 % of the people use the Main network as the primary source of electricity, while 20 % of them use generators, the below chart shows the Main electricity sources used in Ar-Raqqa:

Figure 34: Household use of other sources of electricity:

F.SERVICES 58.5% 22.3% % 12.5 6.5% 0.3%

BATTERIES GENERATOR MAIN NETWORK SOLAR PANELS OTHER (GRID) People in Ar-Raqqa suffer from a lack of major 2. Secondary source of Electricity: services the area suffers from diseases and epidem- 58 % of the popula�on use the Ba�eries as the secondary source of electricity, while 22 % of them ics due to poor sewage networks, power cuts, poor use generators, the below chart shows the different secondary electricity sources used in Ar-Raqqa: quality of bread. Figure 35: Needs to Improve the sources of electricity The infrastructure in Al-Raqqa has been affected by the conflict, which includes the main and secondary 58.5% bridges and the roads connec�ng the ci�es and the countryside with each other, in addi�on, the main roads within the city, sewage systems, electricity and 22.3% % 12.5 water networks have been severely damaged both % 6.5 in the center of the city of Al-Raqqa and the main 0.3% districts & sub-districts. BATTERIES GENERATOR MAIN NETWORK (GRID) SOLAR PANELS OTHER

People have limited access to the Internet and telecommunica�ons in terms of availability, less 3. Access to Main Electricity Network: than 45 % have access to local mobile network. Average of Overall, hours of electricity from the main network the household have access to per day The efforts of service providers in the city by local is 5.9 hours. authori�es are modest. Al-Ameen assessment 4. Needs to Improve the electricity: included the provision of basic services in the areas, Since 2013, clear indicators have begun for the need to support and repair the electricity networks priori�es and required support methods. in the governorate. However, this need has increased significantly over �me due to the absence of workshops and service providers whom were doing the require rehabilita�ons regularly. Which led to power outages for some areas for consecu�ve years without any support to repair the damaged parts. In some areas which rely on electricity to drain water from wells, agriculture has deteriorated. power grids have been affected by the recent conflict, especially in the city center, although damage has been done to the sector in all sub-districts. The required support methods vary from one area to another because of the different level and type of damage. The below chart shows the main needs to improve electricity sources across the governorate, 86 % of the people in need of repairing the main electricity grids and electronical transformers maintenance, 70 % needs support with professional staff, and 33 % needs support with fuel.

27 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. 28 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. Figure 36: Needs to Improve the sources of electricity % % 86.5 85.9 70.6% % 33.2 2.0%

NO NEEDS FUEL SUPPORT THE LOCAL ELECTRICAL TRANSFORMER REPAIRING THE PROFESSIONAL STAFF MAINTENANCE ELECTRICITY GRID

5. Roads & Bridges: The disrup�on & destruc�on of bridges, in addi�on to the bad roads, make life across the Governor- ate of Ar-Raqqa much more diﬃcult, and caused number of deaths most of them because the destruc�on of the main bridges linking the areas to each other, including the most important bridges between the banks of the Euphrates River. Requirements vary depending on the diversity of damage and the geographical loca�on of roads and bridges. According to Al-Ameen assessment, the following table shows the ways required to improve the current roads & Bridges condi�on across the governorate as per the need of people and exis�ng damage: 32 % of the people in need of maintenance of the old exis�ng roads, 25 % need construc�on of new bridges, 24 % need constric�on of new roads, 17 % need rehabilita�on of the exis�ng bridges.

Figure 37: Needs to Improve the sources of electricity

maintenance of old roads 32.7 %

Construction of bridges 25.2%

Construction of new roads 24.5%

maintenance of bridges 17.5%

Other 0.1%

6. Improve the current roads & Bridges on the sub-district level: The below chart shows the ways required to improve the current roads & Bridges condi�ons as per the need of people and damage per sub-district:

29 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. Al-Ameen is aware to the importance of HLP rights in providing durable solu�ons for people in North East Syria. Housing, land and property (HLP) rights are about having a home, free from the fear of forced evic�on; a place that oﬀers shelter, safety and the ability to secure a livelihood. The concept of HLP includes the full spectrum of rights to housing, land and property held according to statutory or customary law or infor- mally; both public and private housing, land and/or property assets. Land rights are rights held to both land and natural resources. The common HLP issues in Syria include: tenure discrimina�on leading to inequitable assistance; loss of HLP documenta�on; access to land for shelter and livelihoods; access to natural resources, such as water; land and property crisis; forced evic�on; secondary occupa�on; land grabbing; res�- tu�on; and disinheritance, par�cularly of women and children.

Figure 37: Needs to Improve the sources of electricity Figure 36: Needs to Improve the sources of electricity % % Other maintenance of bridges Construction of new roads Construction of bridges maintenance of old roads 86.5 85.9 70.6% %

33.2 Ein Issa 15.8% 25.3% 26.7% 32.2% 2.0%

NO NEEDS FUEL SUPPORT THE LOCAL ELECTRICAL TRANSFORMER REPAIRING THE Jurneyyeh 20.9% 21.3% 23.7% 34.0% PROFESSIONAL STAFF MAINTENANCE ELECTRICITY GRID

5. Roads & Bridges: Ar-Raqqa 16.7% 24.2% 25.6% 33.0% The disrup�on & destruc�on of bridges, in addi�on to the bad roads, make life across the Governor- ate of Ar-Raqqa much more diﬃcult, and caused number of deaths most of them because the destruc�on of the main bridges linking the areas to each other, including the most important bridg- Al-Thawrah 17.3% 22.2% 28.4% 32.1% es between the banks of the Euphrates River. Requirements vary depending on the diversity of damage and the geographical loca�on of roads Karama 20.4% 22.4% 22.4% 34.7% and bridges. According to Al-Ameen assessment, the following table shows the ways required to improve the current roads & Bridges condi�on across the governorate as per the need of people and exis�ng Mansura 17.9% 24.3% 26.4% 31.4% damage: 32 % of the people in need of maintenance of the old exis�ng roads, 25 % need construc�on of new Suluk 18.0% 24.2% 25.3% 32.4% bridges, 24 % need constric�on of new roads, 17 % need rehabilita�on of the exis�ng bridges.

Figure 37: Needs to Improve the sources of electricity Tell Abiad 31.0% 31.3% 28.3% 19.2%

Governorate 17.5% 24.5% 25.2% 32.7% maintenance of old roads 32.7 %

0.0% 20.0% 40.0% 60.0% 80.0% 100.0% 120.0% Construction of bridges 25.2% Governorate Tell Abiad Suluk Mansura Karama Al-Thawrah Ar-Raqqa Jurneyyeh Ein Issa Other 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.5% 0.0% 0.0% maintenance of bridges 17.5% 31.0% 18.0% 17.9% 20.4% 17.3% 16.7% 20.9% 15.8% Construction of new roads 24.5% Construction of new roads 24.5% 31.3% 24.2% 24.3% 22.4% 22.2% 24.2% 21.3% 25.3% Construction of bridges 25.2% 28.3% 25.3% 26.4% 22.4% 28.4% 25.6% 23.7% 26.7% maintenance of bridges 17.5% maintenance of old roads 32.7% 19.2% 32.4% 31.4% 34.7% 32.1% 33.0% 34.0% 32.2%

Other 0.1% 7. Available means of communica�on: Since mid-March 2015, the Syrian regime has cut oﬀ the cellular network from most of the Syrian areas, especially Ar-Raqqa governorate. 6. Improve the current roads & Bridges on the sub-district level: The cellular communica�ons network in some parts of the eastern and western countryside of The below chart shows the ways required to improve the current roads & Bridges condi�ons as per Ar-Raqqa returned ac�ve with the beginning of 2017. the need of people and damage per sub-district: The current available communica�on means in Ar-Raqqa vary, 43 % of people have access to the local mobile network, 23 % have access to space internet, while 15 % have access to network from neighboring countries.

Figure 38: the available means of communica�on:

29 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. 30 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. % 43.9 23.2% 15.7% 12.6% 3.6% 1.0%

LANDLINE NONE LOCAL INTERNET MOBILE NETWORK SPACE INTERNET LOCAL MOBILE TELEPHONE WEB OF NEIGHBORING NETWORK NETWORK COUNTRIES

8. Top Service sector Priori�es: Access to Electricity, Water & Irriga�on Systems, the rehabilita�on of roads and bridges are the top priori�es for the people in the services sectors. Other priori�es listed in the below table: Figure 39: the available means of communica�on:

Top 3 Priority needs of the Services sector: Priority 1

Access to Electricity 41.8%

Access to Water 38.9%

Access to Irrigation System 12.2%

Roads/Bridges Rehabilitation 6.1%

Access phone services 0.9%

Top 3 Priority needs of the Services sector: Priority 2

Priority Need 2:

Access to Water 41.3%

Access to Electricity 34.5%

Roads/Bridges Rehabilitation 12.5%

Access to Irrigation System 9.4%

Access phone services 2.1%

None 0.1%

Top 3 Priority needs of the Services sector: Priority 3

Priority Need 3:

Access to Irrigation System 36.0%

Roads/Bridges Rehabilitation 26.3%

Access phone services 16.3%

None 11.2%

Access to Electricity 5.8%

Access to Water 4.5%

31 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. % 43.9 23.2% 15.7% 12.6% 3.6% 1.0%

LANDLINE NONE LOCAL INTERNET MOBILE NETWORK SPACE INTERNET LOCAL MOBILE TELEPHONE WEB OF NEIGHBORING NETWORK NETWORK COUNTRIES

8. Top Service sector Priori�es: G.WASH Access to Electricity, Water & Irriga�on Systems, the rehabilita�on of roads and bridges are the top priori�es for the people in the services sectors. Other priori�es listed in the below table: Figure 39: the available means of communica�on:

Top 3 Priority needs of the Services sector: Priority 1 Despite the Euphrates, Syria’s main river, cu�ng Top 3 Priority needs of the Services sector: Priority 1 through the province of Ar-Raqqa.it is not be�er oﬀ than other Syrian ci�es. Water shortages, power Access to Electricity 41.8% cuts, shortages of the fuel to operate pumps, and Access to Water 38.9% with bombing of irriga�on and pumping sta�ons during the ba�le last year that have combined to Access to Irrigation System 12.2% create a humanitarian catastrophe. Roads/Bridges Rehabilitation 6.1%

Access phone services 0.9% Swathes of farmland that residents rely on for their livelihoods are now oﬀ limits. Many residents of the Top 3 Priority needs of the Services sector: Priority 2 city and the surrounding countryside have no access to drinking water, forcing them to rely on wells or Priority Need 2: untreated water drawn directly from the river. Access to Water 41.3%

Access to Electricity 34.5%

Roads/Bridges Rehabilitation 12.5%

Access to Irrigation System 9.4%

Access phone services 2.1%

None 0.1%

Top 3 Priority needs of the Services sector: Priority 3

Priority Need 3:

Access to Irrigation System 36.0%

Roads/Bridges Rehabilitation 26.3%

Access phone services 16.3%

None 11.2%

Access to Electricity 5.8%

Access to Water 4.5%

31 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. 32 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. 1. The water network condi�on: The damage in the water network is diﬀerent from one area to another, across the governorate, 9.2 % of the people have water networks fully func�oning in their areas, while 62 % have par�ally networks working in their areas, while 28 % completely not working.

Figure 40: What is the Water network condi�on

28,4% 62,4% 9,2% Completely Par�ally Fully Not Working working Working

2. Main Water Source: 23 % of the People in Ar-Raqqa consider the public water network as their main source of water, while 21 % depend on open wells, 17 % purchasing bo�led water, other used sources are in the below chart:

Figure 41: The Main source of water:

Springs 0.1%

Irrigation Channel 2%

NGOs Distributions 2%

Other 2%

River 4%

Closed well 6%

Buy from the Water peddler 7%

water tanks 16%

purchasing of bo�led water 17%

Open well 22%

the Public Water Network 24%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%

33 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. 1. The water network condi�on: 3. Water Cost: The damage in the water network is diﬀerent from one area to another, across the governorate, 9.2 Al-Ameen collected informa�on from those who buy water from diﬀerent sources, the average cost % of the people have water networks fully func�oning in their areas, while 62 % have par�ally of 1 barre of water which contains 220 Liters is 347.7 S.P. that equals 0.76 USD. networks working in their areas, while 28 % completely not working. 4. Drinking water quality: Figure 40: What is the Water network condi�on 72 % of respondents have Medium turbid water 28% have Pure Water 0.1 %smells bad

Figure 42: Drinking water quality 0,1%

28,4% 62,4% 9,2% smells bad Completely Par�ally Fully Not Working working Working 28% 72% 2. Main Water Source: 23 % of the People in Ar-Raqqa consider the public water network as their main source of water, have Pure Water while 21 % depend on open wells, 17 % purchasing bo�led water, other used sources are in the of respondents have Medium turbid water below chart:

Figure 41: The Main source of water: 5. Ways used for the treatment of drinking water: 59% of people don’t treat their drinking water, while 19 % boil it, 18 % use ﬂuid / PELLETS / chlorine Springs 0.1% powder.

Irrigation Channel 2% Figure 43: What are the ways that you use for the treatment of drinking water ?

NGOs Distributions 2% % 59

Other 2%

River 4% 19% % 18 % 3 1.3% Closed well 6% 0.1%

NONE BOILING WATER USING FLUID / WATER OTHER EXPOSE TO PELLETS / FILTRATION SUNLIGHT Buy from the Water peddler 7% CHLORINE POWDER 6. Available Water Quan�ty: water tanks 16% 53 % of the families does not have enough water to meet their water needs, while 47 % do have. purchasing of bo�led water 17% Figure 44 : Available Water Quan�ty

Open well 22% the Public Water Network 24% 47% 53% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% YES NO ++

33 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. 34 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. 7. Water Container Type: Al-Ameen collected also informa�on regarding the type of the container families uses to store water: 66 % of families use metal water tank to store water, while 31 % use plas�c one. Figure 45: The type of the container families use to store water: % 66 % 31 % % % 1.5 1 1

METAL WATER PLASTIC WATER NONE A WATER TANK OTHER TANK TANK MADE WITH A HOLE IN THE GROUND.

8. Solid Waste: Across the governorate, the top common 3 methods the families use to dispose of solid waste are: 1- Dump waste in landﬁll 37 % 2- Bury or burn waste 32 % 3- Dump waste in public places 14 %

Figure 46: What are the ways that you use for the treatment of drinking water ? 37% 32% 14% 8% 7.9% 1.2%

DUMP WASTE IN BURY OR BURN DUMP WASTE IN LOCAL WASTE LOCAL WASTE OTHER THE LANDFILL WASTE PUBLIC PLACES COLLECTION COLLECTION (FEE) (FREE)

9. Water Sector priori�es across the governorate: Cash support to cover the running costs, pumping lines and networks, mechanical and electrical equipment & water tanks are the top water sector priori�es, more detailed informa�on in the below charts:

Figure 47: The top 3 Water Sector Priori�es in your area: Priority 1

Cash support (running expenses) 50%

pumping lines and networks 26%

Mechanical and electrical equipment 6%

drilling well 6%

Water Tanks 5%

Chemicals 1% Support with Staff

35 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. 7. Water Container Type: Figure 48: The top 3 Water Sector Priori�es in your area: Priority 2 Al-Ameen collected also informa�on regarding the type of the container families uses to store water: 66 % of families use metal water tank to store water, while 31 % use plas�c one. Figure 45: The type of the container families use to store water: pumping lines and networks 26%

Mechanical and electrical equipment 22% % 66 Water Tanks 15%

Cash support (running expenses) 12% % 31

drilling well 10% % % % 1.5 1 1 Chemicals 8% METAL WATER PLASTIC WATER NONE A WATER TANK OTHER TANK TANK MADE WITH A HOLE IN THE Support with Staff 6% GROUND.

8. Solid Waste: Figure 49: The top 3 Water Sector Priori�es in your area: Priority 3 Across the governorate, the top common 3 methods the families use to dispose of solid waste are: 1- Dump waste in landﬁll 37 % 2- Bury or burn waste 32 % Water Tanks 41% 3- Dump waste in public places 14 %

Support with Staﬀ 24% Figure 46: What are the ways that you use for the treatment of drinking water ?

Mechanical and electrical equipment 14% 37%

32% pumping lines and networks 8%

Cash support (running expenses) 6% 14% 8% 7.9% drilling well 4% 1.2%

DUMP WASTE IN BURY OR BURN DUMP WASTE IN LOCAL WASTE LOCAL WASTE OTHER THE LANDFILL WASTE PUBLIC PLACES COLLECTION COLLECTION (FEE) Chemicals 3% (FREE)

9. Water Sector priori�es across the governorate: 10. Sewerage Sector priori�es across the governorate: Cash support to cover the running costs, pumping lines and networks, mechanical and electrical Maintenance of the exis�ng sewage networks, construc�ng new sewage networks, running costs equipment & water tanks are the top water sector priori�es, more detailed informa�on in the below and vehicles are the top sewage sector priori�es, more detailed informa�on in the below charts: charts: Figure 50: The top Sewerage Sector Priori�es : Priority 1

Figure 47: The top 3 Water Sector Priori�es in your area: Priority 1

Cash support (running expenses) 50% Maintenance of the sewage network 50% pumping lines and networks 26% constructing new sewage network 24% Mechanical and electrical equipment 6% drilling well 6% Cash support (running expenses) 14% 5%

Water Tanks 5% Constructing sewage treatment station 5%

Chemicals 1% New Suction and pumping vehicles 4% Support with Staff

Support with Technical and administrative staﬀ 2%

35 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. 36 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. Figure 51: The top Sewerage Sector Priori�es : Priority 2

New Suction and pumping vehicles 34%

constructing new sewage network 30%

Constructing sewage treatment station 18%

Maintenance of the sewage network 9%

Cash support (running expenses) 6%

Support with Technical and administrative staff 4%

Figure 52: The top Sewerage Sector Priori�es : Priority 3

Support with Technical and administrative staff 27%

New Suction and pumping vehicles 8%

Maintenance of the sewage network 9%

Constructing sewage treatment station 24%

constructing new sewage network 5%

Cash support (running expenses) 27%

11. Hygiene Sector priori�es across the governorate: Garbage collec�on vehicles, Garbage containers, insec�cides, and running costs are the top Hygiene sector priori�es, more detailed informa�on in the below charts:

Figure 53: The top Sewerage Sector Priori�es : Priority 1

garbage collection Vehicles 50%

Garbage containers 30%

insecticides 14%

Cash support (running expenses) 3%

Raising awareness about hygiene 3%

new staﬀ (cleaners) 1%

37 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. Figure 51: The top Sewerage Sector Priori�es : Priority 2 Figure 54: The top Sewerage Sector Priori�es : Priority 2

New Suction and pumping vehicles 34% Garbage containers 52% constructing new sewage network 30% garbage collection Vehicles 31%

Constructing sewage treatment station 18%

Raising awareness about hygiene 8% Maintenance of the sewage network 9%

new staﬀ (cleaners) 4% Cash support (running expenses) 6%

Cash support (running expenses) 3% Support with Technical and administrative staff 4%

insecticides 2%

Figure 52: The top Sewerage Sector Priori�es : Priority 3 Figure 55: The top Sewerage Sector Priori�es : Priority 3

Support with Technical and administrative staff 27% Cash support (running expenses) 33%

New Suction and pumping vehicles 8% insecticides 24%

Maintenance of the sewage network 9% Raising awareness about hygiene 19%

Constructing sewage treatment station 24% new staﬀ (cleaners) 9% constructing new sewage network 5% garbage collection Vehicles 8%

Cash support (running expenses) 27%

Garbage containers 7%

11. Hygiene Sector priori�es across the governorate: Garbage collec�on vehicles, Garbage containers, insec�cides, and running costs are the top Hygiene 12. Access to Personal Hygiene items: sector priori�es, more detailed informa�on in the below charts: 75 % of the people can buy the personal hygiene items from the local markets, while 13 % cannot aﬀord it, and 12 % cannot ﬁnd it in their local markets. Figure 53: The top Sewerage Sector Priori�es : Priority 1

Figure 56: 26. Access to Personal Hygiene items garbage collection Vehicles 50% Can buy it

Not Available in Garbage containers 30% the markets 75% Cannot aﬀord it insecticides 14% 12% 13%

Cash support (running expenses) 3%

Raising awareness about hygiene 3%

new staﬀ (cleaners) 1%

37 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. 38 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. 13. Access to House Cleaning items: 67 % of the people can buy the house cleaning items from the local markets, while 25 % cannot aﬀord it, and 7 % cannot ﬁnd it in their local markets.

Not Available in 7% the markets

67% 25% Can buy it Cannot aﬀord it

14. Access to Sanitary Items: 42 % of the people can buy the Sanitary Items from the local markets, while 53 % cannot aﬀord it, and 5 % cannot ﬁnd it in their local markets.

Figure 58: 28. Access to Sanitary Items

53% 42%

Cannot Not Available in Can buy it the markets aﬀord it

39 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. Despite the Euphrates, Syria’s main river, cu�ng through the province of Ar-Raqqa.it is not be�er oﬀ than other Syrian ci�es. Water shortages, power cuts, shortages of the fuel to operate pumps, and with bombing of irriga�on and pumping sta�ons during the ba�le last year that have combined to create a humanitarian catastrophe.

Swathes of farmland that residents rely on for their livelihoods are now oﬀ limits. Many residents of the city and the surrounding countryside have no access to drinking water, forcing them to rely on wells or untreated water drawn directly from the river.

13. Access to House Cleaning items: 67 % of the people can buy the house cleaning items from the local markets, while 25 % cannot aﬀord it, and 7 % cannot ﬁnd it in their local markets.

Not Available in 7% the markets

67% H.EDUCATION 25% Can buy it Cannot aﬀord it

Educa�on was one of the features of life that 14. Access to Sanitary Items: stopped in Raqqa for more than 2 years between 42 % of the people can buy the Sanitary Items from the local markets, while 53 % cannot afford it, 2014 and 2017, large schools were destroyed, as and 5 % cannot find it in their local markets. most public facili�es, students were cut off from Figure 58: 28. Access to Sanitary Items schools, this catastrophic situa�on has deprived students from a�ending the educa�onal process 53% 42% during that period.

Cannot Not Available in Can buy it the markets aﬀord it

40 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. 39 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. 1. Children & schools 82 % of the families in AR-Raqqa have Children from age (6-17 years), 75 % of those children receive educa�on in local schools, while others receive educa�on as below:

Figure 59: 28. Access to Sanitary Items

11% 2.0% 4.0% 75% 0.6% 1.0% 2.0%

In the house The mosques The Learning oﬃcial On the Self- Other or in another or other buildings Centers school Internet learning person's house that being used , the tv as Oﬃcial Schools

2. The main problems to send & keep children in your family (6-17 years) to school: The low quality of educa�on, the unappropriate educa�on environment and the lack of educa�onal resources are the top 3 main reasons to send & keep children in families to schools.

Figure 60: The main problems to send & keep children in your family (6-17 years) to school

Overcrowding 1%

Othe 2%

Severe hunger for children 11%

The intensity of the violence (clashes and a�acks and air strikes, and other), which makes it very dangerous to go to / from school and stay in the school building. 13%

children are working 18%

There are no open schools or schools which are open are not enough. 18%

there are not enough teachers. 23%

No certificates 25%

The parents cannot cover the expenses of sending children to school 29%

Teaching resources or insufficient education (stationery, textbooks, and other) 39%

The environment is not appropriate (insufficient or not available: heating, electricity, toilets, furniture and ventilation, etc.) 57%

The low quality of education (teaching methods and activities after school, not suitable or learning content is incomplete, etc.) 61%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

41 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. 1. Children & schools 3. The top solu�ons for children to go and stay in school: 82 % of the families in AR-Raqqa have Children from age (6-17 years), 75 % of those children receive Improving the learning environment, schools building enhancements and rehabilita�on and support educa�on in local schools, while others receive educa�on as below: the educa�on resources are the main 3 solu�ons for the majority of the children (6-17 years) to go to school and stay in school. Figure 59: 28. Access to Sanitary Items

Figure 61: The main solu�ons for the majority of the children (6-17 years) to go to school and stay in school:

Other 1%

11% 2.0% 4.0% 75% 0.6% 1.0% 2.0% Transportation for students, teachers and administrative staff 16%

In the house The mosques The Learning oﬃcial On the Other Self- School nutrition 29% or in another or other buildings Centers school Internet learning person's house that being used , the tv as Oﬃcial Schools Salaries for teachers or workers in the education 30%

Training the teachers 32%

Provide income for poor families 34% 2. The main problems to send & keep children in your family (6-17 years) to school: The low quality of educa�on, the unappropriate educa�on environment and the lack of educa�onal Providing the requirements for teaching and learning 54% resources are the top 3 main reasons to send & keep children in families to schools. The construction or rehabilitation of classes or places of education 55%

Figure 60: The main problems to send & keep children in your family (6-17 years) to school Improving the learning environment (heating, electricity and toilets, furniture, and ventilation, etc) 68%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%

Overcrowding 1%

Othe 4. The top Priori�es in the educa�on sector: 2% Respondents were asked to iden�fy their top 3 priori�es in the educa�on sector as per their needs. Severe hunger for children 11% Cash Assistance, Educa�on supplies & resources, schools rehabilita�on are the top priori�es in the

The intensity of the violence (clashes and a�acks and air strikes, and other), which makes it very dangerous to go to / from school and stay in the school building. educa�on sector across the governorate. 13% children are working 18% Figure 62: The main solu�ons for the majority of the children (6-17 years) to go to school and stay in school: There are no open schools or schools which are open are not enough. 18%

Cash assistance 25% there are not enough teachers. 23% Education Supplies (Stationery) 24% No certificates 25% Support the curriculum 21%

The parents cannot cover the expenses of sending children to school 29% Construction Repair and maintenance 12%

Teaching resources or insufficient education (stationery, textbooks, and other) Support the Water and sanitation facilities 8% 39%

School Supplies (Plates, Seats,) The environment is not appropriate (insufficient or not available: heating, electricity, toilets, furniture and ventilation, etc.) 5% 57% Providing safety and protection for students and teachers 2% The low quality of education (teaching methods and activities after school, not suitable or learning content is incomplete, etc.) 61% Heating support 1% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

Foods for children 1%

Support staff with salaries 1%

test program support 0%

41 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. 42 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. I.PROTECTION

1.Special support for women and girls in the area During the data collec�on process to assess the situa- �on and people condi�on under the protec�on sector, Al-Ameen team asked the interviewees if they observed/are you aware of type of support (formal or informal) that exists speciﬁcally for women and girls in their area in the last three months, 94 % of people do not know about any support type available, while only 6 % do.

43 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. Figure 63: Special support for women and girls in the area

6% 94% I.PROTECTION YES NO ++

2. The top problems with safety or children welfare in Ar-Raqqa During the interviewees with the respondents, they could choose more than one of the problems, which give a be�er understanding of the situa�on, the top problems are: 1.Special support for women and girls in the area child recruitment 51 %, forced marriage 30 %, Violence and separa�on 21 %. During the data collec�on process to assess the situa- �on and people condi�on under the protec�on Figure 64: The top problems with safety or child welfare: sector, Al-Ameen team asked the interviewees if they observed/are you aware of type of support Child recruitment 51.9% (formal or informal) that exists speciﬁcally for Forced marriages 30.7% women and girls in their area in the last three None 28.0% months, 94 % of people do not know about any support type available, while only 6 % do. Violence against boys and girl 21.0% children separated from their families 18.6%

Domestic violence 16.8%

Missing/separated children 14.6%

Kidnapping 3.3%

Sexual Harassment 2.7%

3. Separated children: 68 % of the separated children across the governorate live with their rela�ves, while 20 % with friends and 11 % alone.

Figure 65: The Children whom separated from their families, they are living with :

68%

42%

11%

Alone Friends Rela�ves

43 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. 44 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. 4. subject to shelling / air strikes: Neighborhoods of 84 % of the respondents were subjected to shelling / airstrikes. The Average of Times the respondent’s neighborhoods were subjected to airstrikes / shelling across the governorate is 16 �mes. The average is higher In Ar-Raqqa center: 21 �mes

5. Situa�ons prevalent within the Governorate in 3 months prior the Assessment: The below chart shows the prevalent situa�ons in the assessed communi�es across the governorate of Ar-Raqqa, the results shows that inter-communal disputes prevalent within 28 % of men, family separa�on prevalent within 22 % of women, forced marriage prevalent within 30 % of girls experienced, exploita�on prevalent within 10 % of Boys, & harassment prevalent within 6 % of girls. Other prevalent situa�ons in the below chart:

Figure 66: Situa�ons prevalent within the Governorate in 3 months prior the Assessment:

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0% Inter-communal Family Forced and early Domestic Exploitation Harassment Kidnapping Child labour disputes separation marriage Violence Boys 1% 7% 4% 10% 2% 3% 11% 37% Girls 1% 9% 30% 4% 6% 1% 8% 6% Men 28% 9% 5% 6% 3% 2% 5% 22% NA 66% 53% 58% 75% 87% 95% 68% 29% Women 4% 23% 3% 4% 2% 1% 8% 6%

6. The top three priori�es for the Protec�on sector across the governorate: Access to quality specialized GBV services and measures, Access to civil documenta�on, access to child safe spaces, child protec�on services, and psychosocial support and case management are the main protec�on sector priori�es across the governorate according to the respondents ranking and needs.

45 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. Figure 67: The top three priori�es for the Protec�on sector in the assessed your areas Priority 1 : 4. subject to shelling / air strikes:

Neighborhoods of 84 % of the respondents were subjected to shelling / airstrikes. The Average of access to quality specialized GBV services and measures 24%

Times the respondent’s neighborhoods were subjected to airstrikes / shelling across the governor- access to civil documentation 24% ate is 16 �mes. The average is higher In Ar-Raqqa center: 21 �mes access to children safe spaces. 16%

access to quality child protection services 8% 5. Situa�ons prevalent within the Governorate in 3 months prior the Assessment: legal counseling and assistance 8% The below chart shows the prevalent situa�ons in the assessed communi�es across the governorate psycho social support and case management 6% of Ar-Raqqa, the results shows that inter-communal disputes prevalent within 28 % of men, family Access to women empowerment activites 5% separa�on prevalent within 22 % of women, forced marriage prevalent within 30 % of girls experi- access to quality Women protection services 4% enced, exploita�on prevalent within 10 % of Boys, & harassment prevalent within 6 % of girls. access to women and girl safe spaces. 3% Other prevalent situa�ons in the below chart: awareness sessions /rights, services,health etc./ 1%

Other 0%

Figure 66: Situa�ons prevalent within the Governorate in 3 months prior the Assessment: Figure 68: The top three priori�es for the Protec�on sector in the assessed your areas Priority 2 :

100% psycho social support and case management 15% 90% awareness sessions /rights, services,health etc./ 14% 80% access to quality specialized GBV services and measures 12% 70% access to quality Women protection services 11% 60% legal counseling and assistance 10% 50%

access to children safe spaces. 8% 40%

30% Access to women empowerment activites 8%

20% access to quality child protection services 8%

10% access to women and girl safe spaces. 7%

0% Inter-communal Family Forced and early Domestic access to civil documentation 7% Exploitation Harassment Kidnapping Child labour disputes separation marriage Violence Boys 1% 7% 4% 10% 2% 3% 11% 37% Figure 69: The top three priori�es for the Protec�on sector in the assessed your areas Priority 3 : Girls 1% 9% 30% 4% 6% 1% 8% 6% Men 28% 9% 5% 6% 3% 2% 5% 22% NA 66% 53% 58% 75% 87% 95% 68% 29% Women 4% 23% 3% 4% 2% 1% 8% 6% awareness sessions /rights, services,health etc./ 16%

Access to women empowerment activites 15%

psycho social support and case management 12%

access to children safe spaces. 11%

access to women and girl safe spaces. 10% 6. The top three priori�es for the Protec�on sector across the governorate: legal counseling and assistance 9% Access to quality specialized GBV services and measures, Access to civil documenta�on, access to access to quality child protection services 9% child safe spaces, child protec�on services, and psychosocial support and case management are the access to quality Women protection services 7% main protec�on sector priori�es across the governorate according to the respondents ranking and access to civil documentation 7% needs. access to quality specialized GBV services and measures 5% Other 0%

45 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. 46 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. J.HEALTH

Access and availability Health care services in Ar-Raqqa governorate have been severely disrupted, and damaged most of the health care facili�es. Health care services are being provided by private hospitals and clinics managed by individuals and public hospitals managed by the local authori�es and by NGOs.

Ar-Raqqa oﬀensive resulted high number of casual- �es among the civilian popula�on, Mine injuries are s�ll occurring across the governorate, and the highest injuries take place in the center of the city. 62 % of people in Al-Raqqah have access only to Health facili�es that are requires fees, and the security situa�on limits 9 % of people from accessing to speciﬁc health services.

1 % of the respondents received baby milk products through distribu�on by humanitarian actors. As an Average, people go for a Distance of 14.6 k.m to access the nearest Health facility.

47 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. 1. The top challenges accessing Health care across the governorate: Transporta�on is a challenge for 88 % of people accessing health care, while costs & far distances also challenges for more than 70 % of the popula�on.

Figure 70: The top challenges accessing Health care:

88% 78% 3.0% 74% J.HEALTH Transporta�on Costs Other H Far distance 5.0% 2.0% Security Concerns 13% No challenges 7.0% Lack of Clinics & Professional staﬀ. Lack of ID documenta�on Access and availability Health care services in Ar-Raqqa governorate have been severely disrupted, and damaged most of the health care facili�es. 2. Access to vaccines: Health care services are being provided by private 87 % of the respondents have access to vaccines, while other 13 % do not. Only 86 % of those who hospitals and clinics managed by individuals and have access to vaccines get vaccine cards. public hospitals managed by the local authori�es Figure 71: Access to vaccines and by NGOs.

Ar-Raqqa oﬀensive resulted high number of casual- �es among the civilian popula�on, Mine injuries are 87% 13% s�ll occurring across the governorate, and the highest injuries take place in the center of the city. YES NO 62 % of people in Al-Raqqah have access only to ++ Health facili�es that are requires fees, and the security situa�on limits 9 % of people from accessing to 3. Top priori�es for suppor�ng the health sector across the governorate: speciﬁc health services. Support the people to access vaccines, establishing new medical centers in the areas which doesn’t contain ac�ve ones and support the exis�ng medical centers with equipment are the top priori�es 1 % of the respondents received baby milk products in the health sector. through distribu�on by humanitarian actors. Figure 72: Top priori�es for suppor�ng the health sector in the assessed areas: priority 1 As an Average, people go for a Distance of 14.6 k.m to access the nearest Health facility. Support access to Vaccines 46%

Establishment of a new medical center 39%

Support Medical Centers with equipment and devices 11%

Medical staff support (Running costs) 4%

other 0%

47 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. 48 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. 6.Figure 73: Top priori�es for suppor�ng the health sector in the assessed areas: priority 2

Support Medical Centers with equipment and devices 52%

Medical staff support (Running costs) 29%

Establishment of a new medical center 14%

Support access to Vaccines 4%

other 0%

Figure 74: Top priori�es for suppor�ng the health sector in the assessed areas: priority 3

Establishment of a new medical center 31%

Support access to Vaccines 28%

Support Medical Centers with equipment and devices 23%

Medical staff support (Running costs) 17%

other 1%

4. Top consumed foods by the children aged /0-6 Months/: The below chart shows the top consumed foods by the children aged /0-6 Months/across the governorate:

Figure 75: Top consumed foods by the children aged /0-6 Months/ % 89 % 71 48% % 1

INFANT FORMULA BREASTFEEDING AND FOOD EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING OTHER /NO WATER, OR ANY FOOD TYPE/.

49 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. 6.Figure 73: Top priori�es for suppor�ng the health sector in the assessed areas: priority 2 5. Needed nutri�on items for your children aged /0-24 Months/:

Figure 75: Top consumed foods by the children aged /0-24Months/

Support Medical Centers with equipment and devices 52% % 93 77 % 76 %

Medical staff support (Running costs) 29%

Establishment of a new medical center 14% 0%

INFANT FORMULA PURE WATER FOOD OTHER Support access to Vaccines 4%

6. The top 4 problems which iden�fied in feeding babies and young children /0-6 Months/ other 0% No suitable food, breas�eeding difficul�es, no support for non-breas�eed and poor hygiene for feeding non-breas�eeding babies are the top 4 problems which iden�fied in feeding babies and young children /0-6 Months/. Figure 74: Top priori�es for suppor�ng the health sector in the assessed areas: priority 3

Figure 76: 15. The top 4 problems which iden�ﬁed in feeding babies and young children /0-6 Months \

Establishment of a new medical center 31%

Other 0%

Support access to Vaccines 28% No cooking facilities or fuel 4%

Poor hygiene for cooking/feeding 8% Support Medical Centers with equipment and devices 23% No feeding utensils for babies 13%

Not enough variety (diversity) 31% Medical staff support (Running costs) 17% Not enough food (quantity) 40% other 1% Not good enough food (quality) 40%

Poor hygiene for feeding non- breastfed babies 46%

No support for non-breastfed 52% 4. Top consumed foods by the children aged /0-6 Months/: The below chart shows the top consumed foods by the children aged /0-6 Months/across the gover- Breastfeeding difficulties 52% norate: No suitable food 57%

Figure 75: Top consumed foods by the children aged /0-6 Months/ %

89 7. Top priori�es for the Nutri�on sector across the governorate:

% 71 Access to supplementary feeding services, access to malnutri�on treatment, and cash-based trans- fer are the top priori�es in the nutri�on sector across the governorate. 48% % 1

INFANT FORMULA BREASTFEEDING AND FOOD EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING OTHER /NO WATER, OR ANY FOOD TYPE/.

49 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. 50 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. Figure 77: Top priori�es for the Nutri�on sector in the assessed areas: priority 1

Access to supplementary Feeding services 30%

Access to malnutrition treatment 25%

cash-based transfers 21%

in-kind food baskets 17%

access to provision of supplementary food assistance 5%

humanitarian life-saving preventive and curative nutrition services related to 2% infant and young child

Figure 78: Top priori�es for the Nutri�on sector in the assessed areas: priority 2

in-kind food baskets 22%

Access to malnutrition treatment 22%

cash-based transfers 18%

access to provision of supplementary food assistance 16%

Access to supplementary Feeding services 14%

humanitarian life-saving preventive and curative nutrition services related to 8% infant and young child

None 0%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%

Figure 79: Top priori�es for the Nutri�on sector in the assessed areas: priority 3

humanitarian life-saving preventive and curative nutrition services 23% related to infant and young child

in-kind food baskets 18%

cash-based transfers 14%

Access to malnutrition treatment 14%

access to provision of supplementary food assistance 14%

Access to supplementary Feeding services 11%

None 6%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%

51 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. Figure 77: Top priori�es for the Nutri�on sector in the assessed areas: priority 1 K. PRIORITY NEEDS IN THE GOVERNORATE

Access to supplementary Feeding services 30% OF AR-RAQQA

Access to malnutrition treatment 25% Access to the public services especially water and electricity and infrastructure rehabilita�on are the top priori�es in the center of Ar-Raqqa and people need all kinds of support to rebuild their cash-based transfers 21% livelihoods. in-kind food baskets 17% Across the governorate, people need work / jobs opportuni�es, Agriculture support, livestock access to provision of supplementary food assistance 5% support access to basic public services and cash are the top priori�es across the governorate.

Figure 80: Top Priority Needs , Priority Need humanitarian life-saving preventive and curative nutrition services related to 2% infant and young child Top Priority Needs , Priority Need 1 Figure 78: Top priori�es for the Nutri�on sector in the assessed areas: priority 2 work / Job opportunity 26% agriculture support 24% livestock support 12% in-kind food baskets 22% access to electricity 11% cash 8% Access to malnutrition treatment 22% clean drinking water 4% access to irrigation services 4% toolkit to start new work 3% cash-based transfers 18% health services 3% NFIs 2% access to provision of supplementary food assistance 16% shelter rehabilitation 1% roads reparation 1% Access to supplementary Feeding services 14% psychological social support 1% access to education 1% humanitarian life-saving preventive and curative nutrition services related to 8% food 0% infant and young child Trainings 0% None 0% disability related equipment 0% legal aid 0% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% Heating Items 0%

Figure 79: Top priori�es for the Nutri�on sector in the assessed areas: priority 3

humanitarian life-saving preventive and curative nutrition services 23% related to infant and young child in-kind food baskets 18% cash-based transfers 14%

Access to malnutrition treatment 14% access to provision of supplementary food assistance 14%

Access to supplementary Feeding services 11%

None 6%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%

51 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. 52 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. Figure 81: Top Priority Needs , Priority Need 2

Top Priority Needs , Priority Need 2

livestock support 24% agriculture support 20% work / Job opportunity 15% access to electricity 12% clean drinking water 6% roads reparation 4% cash 4% health services 3% toolkit to start new work 2% access to irrigation services 2% NFIs 2% Heating Items 2% access to hlp services 1% Trainings 1% legal aid 1% disability related equipment 1% psychological social support 0% hygiene items 0% access to education 0%

Figure 82: Top Priority Needs , Priority Need 3

Top Priority Needs , Priority Need 3

work / Job opportunity 16% cash 14% livestock support 11% agriculture support 11% access to irrigation services 8% access to electricity 8% toolkit to start new work 7% clean drinking water 5% Trainings 4% health services 4% roads reparation 3% disability related equipment 2% access to education 1% NFIs 1% legal aid 1% food 1% Heating Items 1% access to hlp services 1% shelter rehabilitation 0% psychological social support 0% new shelter tent 0% hygiene items 0%

53 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. Figure 81: Top Priority Needs , Priority Need 2 L. THE COPING STRATEGIES USED BY THE FAMILY TO COPE WITH A LACK OF NFIS, FOOD, MONEY AND OTHER RESOURCES: Top Priority Needs , Priority Need 2 livestock support 24% The majority of those aﬀected by the conﬂict spent their savings, borrowed money, sold family or agriculture support 20% work / Job opportunity 15% produc�ve assets and reduced their non-food expenses to cope with lack of NFIs, Food, Money and access to electricity 12% other resources. clean drinking water 6% Figure 83: Top coping strategies used by the family to cope with a lack of NFIs, roads reparation 4% cash 4% health services 3% toolkit to start new work 2% Top coping strategies used by the family to cope with a lack of NFIs, access to irrigation services 2% Food, Money and other resources: NFIs 2% Heating Items 2% access to hlp services 1% Spending savings 55% Trainings 1% legal aid 1% Borrowing money / buying on credit 50% disability related equipment 1% psychological social support 0% Reducing non-food expenses (e.g. health, education) 39% hygiene items 0% access to education 0% Selling household assets / goods (jewelry, phone, furniture etc) 39%

Selling productive assets or means of transport (sewing 36% machine, wheelbarrow, bicycle, car, motorbike) Figure 82: Top Priority Needs , Priority Need 3 Reducing food intake 30%

Top Priority Needs , Priority Need 3 Selling house or land 29% work / Job opportunity 16% No need to use coping strategy as no lack of resources. 9% cash 14% livestock support 11% High risk / illegal work 2% agriculture support 11% access to irrigation services 8% access to electricity 8% Begging 0% toolkit to start new work 7% clean drinking water 5% Trainings 4% health services 4% M. RETURNEES TO THE CENTER OF AR-RAQQA -APR-2018: roads reparation 3% Till April 2018, returnees consistently rank access basic public services and all types of support that disability related equipment 2% help to rebuild their livelihoods as priority need. access to education 1% NFIs 1% There are other Key issues in Ar-Raqqa city center, protec�on concern related to explosive hazard legal aid 1% contamina�on, widespread infrastructural damages and the lack of public service delivery. Deaths food 1% and injuries of civilians, including children, due to explosive hazard con�nue in Ar-Raqqa city. Heating Items 1% Mine risk educa�on ac�vi�es have been needed across Ar-Raqqa city, condi�ons are s�ll not in place access to hlp services 1% for the safe, digniﬁed and sustainable return of IDPs. shelter rehabilitation 0% psychological social support 0% Some new private hospitals were also opened in Raqqa city. Access to health care within Ar-Raqqa new shelter tent 0% city is improving, but secondary/ter�ary care remains limited. hygiene items 0%

53 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. 54 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. N. DEEPER NEEDS: The city of Raqqa is witnessing a slow and steady return of life despite the enormity of the destruc- �on caused during the ba�les. This depends also on the public basic services availability and the ability of the local authori�es to do the basic required rehabilita�on & maintenance to operate the basic services, there are cri�cal Non-Food Items (NFIs) and shelter gaps for people returning to the center of the city.

All returnees need food support, at least for the ﬁrst 3 months a�er their return, it’s also needed to Support the provision of civil status & real estate documenta�on to facilitate freedom of movement. Reinforce mobile teams and the establishment of Protec�on Units in the city, to support the provision of psychological social support and other variety of services. There is Lack of mental health and psycho-social support services for both children and adults.

Shortages of healthcare staﬀ and func�oning health care facili�es mean that people with life-threat- ening illnesses or injuries may not receive life-saving care. Unsafe water and poor hygiene prac�ces among returnees in shelters increase the risk of water- and food-borne diseases. All school-aged children from Ar-Raqqa have had their educa�on aﬀected due to the crisis for the past years, suppor�ng schools, teachers and students to refresh their educa�onal skills is needed. Children whom didn’t a�end schools during the last years need immediate integra�on in educa�on.

55 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. O. RECOMMENDATIONS:

Food Security & Livelihoods Sector N. DEEPER NEEDS: The city of Raqqa is witnessing a slow and steady return of life despite the enormity of the destruc- - Systema�c support for the neediest families including regular food baskets / Food Vouchers. �on caused during the ba�les. This depends also on the public basic services availability and the - Suppor�ng the agricultural sector by providing inputs of fer�lizers and pes�cides with promo�onal ability of the local authori�es to do the basic required rehabilita�on & maintenance to operate the prices. basic services, there are cri�cal Non-Food Items (NFIs) and shelter gaps for people returning to the - Promo�ng agricultural mechaniza�on and maintenance of agricultural mechanisms. center of the city. - Suppor�ng the livestock sector by securing feed at incen�ve prices and opening agricultural exten- sion centers that provide vaccines and medicines for livestock keepers and implement Reproduc�on All returnees need food support, at least for the first 3 months a�er their return, it’s also needed to of livestock projects. Support the provision of civil status & real estate documenta�on to facilitate freedom of movement. - Suppor�ng development projects and strategic crops and crea�ng markets for agricultural products Reinforce mobile teams and the establishment of Protec�on Units in the city, to support the provi- and facilita�ng import & export procedures. sion of psychological social support and other variety of services. There is Lack of mental health and - Securing sources of water for irriga�on in the shadow of the scarcity of water resources. psycho-social support services for both children and adults. - Bakeries support to contribute to lower the price of bread and rehabilita�ng Non-func�onal bakeries. Shortages of healthcare staff and func�oning health care facili�es mean that people with life-threat- - Building resilience and restoring livelihoods of internally displaced people & Returnees and Local ening illnesses or injuries may not receive life-saving care. Unsafe water and poor hygiene prac�ces communi�es through Quick Impact In-Kind Livelihoods Grants for the Most Vulnerable Skilled among returnees in shelters increase the risk of water- and food-borne diseases. Groups. All school-aged children from Ar-Raqqa have had their educa�on affected due to the crisis for the - Job placement Support ac�vi�es. past years, suppor�ng schools, teachers and students to refresh their educa�onal skills is needed. - Capacity & skills building courses targe�ng Women & Men Youth across the governorate. Children whom didn’t a�end schools during the last years need immediate integra�on in educa�on.

55 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. 56 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. HEALTH SECTOR - Rehabilita�ng Ar-Raqqa na�onal hospital and provide free medical services & medicines. - Financial support including opera�onal costs and equipment. - Establishing mobile health clinics & PHC centers. - Establishing specialized services. - Improving & strengthening referral pathway system among facili�es and agencies.

NUTRITION SECTOR - Strengthen preventa�ve nutri�on services for vulnerable groups in need of humanitarian response, focusing on appropriate infant and young child feeding prac�ces, micro-nutrient ini�a�ves, and op�mal maternal nutri�on. - improve accesses of nutri�onal screening in Ar-Raqqa, treatment of acute malnourished cases for children under 5, and referral of the complicated malnourished cases to appropriate medical centers. - support improved and equitable access to life saving nutri�onal services for food insecure and vulnerable children (boys and girls) and pregnant and lacta�ng women (PLW) at community and facili�es level to stabilize and/or reduce acute malnutri�on in Ar-Raqqa.

PROTECTION SECTOR

- Increase the protec�on of popula�ons at risk from the consequences of the conﬂict through tailored protec�on ac�vi�es to prevent, respond to, and advocate against rights viola�ons. - Survivors have access to quality specialized GBV services and measures are in place to prevent and reduce risks of GBV. - Increased and more equitable access for boys and girls to quality child protec�on interven�ons in targeted loca�ons in line with the Child Protec�on Minimum Standards in Humanitarian Ac�on - Provide protec�on services to children involved with child labor. - Implement Psychological social support ac�vi�es for the risk-groups. - Implement Case management projects and establish referral pathway between the actors. - Implement Women empowerment ac�vi�es /with special focus on rural areas/ - Increased protec�on of women and girls in Ar-Raqqa through GBV preven�on and response ac�vi- �es. - Improve access to essen�al GBV protec�on services. - Individualized Interna�onal Humanitarian Law and Humanitarian Principles trainings for the local humanitarian organiza�ons in the governorate of Ar-Raqqa.

WASH SECTOR

- Rehabilita�ng the main water sta�ons across the governorate and provide clean drinking water. - Water resource and water tanks maintenance. - Monetary support for the water and sanita�on sector and suppor�ng opera�ng expenses. - Maintenance and repair of pumping lines and water networks. - Maintenance of the sewage network. - Garbage collec�on vehicles

57 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. HEALTH SECTOR EDUCATION SECTOR: Rehabilita�ng Ar-Raqqa na�onal hospital and provide free medical services & medicines. - - Restora�on of par�ally destroyed schools and rebuilding the completely destroyed schools. - Financial support including opera�onal costs and equipment. - Support the teachers with educa�on skills refreshment courses. Establishing mobile health clinics & PHC centers. - - Psychological social Support for students. Establishing specialized services. - - School meals distribu�on. Improving & strengthening referral pathway system among facili�es and agencies. - - School kit distribu�on. - Periodic assessment of the educa�onal process, including students, teachers and administra�ve NUTRITION SECTOR staff performance. - Strengthen preventa�ve nutri�on services for vulnerable groups in need of humanitarian response, focusing on appropriate infant and young child feeding prac�ces, micro-nutrient ini�a�ves, and SHELTER AND NFI SECTOR op�mal maternal nutri�on. - improve accesses of nutri�onal screening in Ar-Raqqa, treatment of acute malnourished cases for - Small Shelter Units Rehabilita�on and cash support for the most vulnerable. children under 5, and referral of the complicated malnourished cases to appropriate medical - Suppor�ng all non-food items including clothes, cooking fuel and cash assistance. centers. - support improved and equitable access to life saving nutri�onal services for food insecure and vulnerable children (boys and girls) and pregnant and lacta�ng women (PLW) at community and HLP SECTOR facili�es level to stabilize and/or reduce acute malnutri�on in Ar-Raqqa. - Promo�ng access to jus�ce and contribu�ng towards durable solu�ons for the exis�ng HLP disputes. PROTECTION SECTOR - Addressing loss of land and inability to return to land and homes. - Suppor�ng women’s recovery through the protec�on of their HLP rights. - Increase the protec�on of popula�ons at risk from the consequences of the conflict through - Suppor�ng local systems and bridging transi�on. tailored protec�on ac�vi�es to prevent, respond to, and advocate against rights viola�ons. - Suppor�ng access to new HLP documenta�on. - Survivors have access to quality specialized GBV services and measures are in place to prevent and - Suppor�ng the establishment of digital Archive / database for the HLP documents for Ar-Raqqa. reduce risks of GBV. - Provision of an�-burn/damage bags to keep the HLP documents. - Increased and more equitable access for boys and girls to quality child protec�on interven�ons in - Awareness sessions about the available HLP services, local laws, rules and regula�ons. targeted loca�ons in line with the Child Protec�on Minimum Standards in Humanitarian Ac�on - Provide protec�on services to children involved with child labor. - Implement Psychological social support ac�vi�es for the risk-groups. DEMOGRAPHY SECTION - Implement Case management projects and establish referral pathway between the actors. - Building the capacity of specialized staff concerned with the monitoring and registra�on of the - Implement Women empowerment ac�vi�es /with special focus on rural areas/ popula�on and the IDPs and their needs. - Increased protec�on of women and girls in Ar-Raqqa through GBV preven�on and response ac�vi- - Implemen�ng housing projects in order to provide be�er shelter for the displaced. �es. - Improve access to essen�al GBV protec�on services. - Individualized Interna�onal Humanitarian Law and Humanitarian Principles trainings for the local humanitarian organiza�ons in the governorate of Ar-Raqqa. For further informa�on about this report please contact: WASH SECTOR AHMAD AL KHALIL DR. RAMI ALRAYES FOOD SECURITY AND LIVELIHOODS HEALTH PROGRAM COORDINATOR - Rehabilita�ng the main water sta�ons across the governorate and provide clean drinking water. PROGRAM COORDINATOR - Water resource and water tanks maintenance. PHONE: 0090 531 762 04 40 PHONE:009 053 192 10 50 - Monetary support for the water and sanita�on sector and suppor�ng opera�ng expenses. EMAIL: [email protected] EMAIL: [email protected] - Maintenance and repair of pumping lines and water networks. - Maintenance of the sewage network. - Garbage collec�on vehicles

57 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. 58 AR�RAQQA NEEDS OVERVIEW. AR-RAQQA’S NEEDS OVERVIEW

01 JULY 2018

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