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Waldo Frank Papers Special Collections Department Waldo Frank Papers 1922 - 1965 Manuscript Collection Number: 375 Accessioned: September 1987 Extent: .6 linear feet (78 items) Content: Letters, manuscripts, photographs, and ephemera Access: The collection is open for research. Processed: August 1998, by Meghan J. Fuller for reference assistance email Special Collections or contact: Special Collections, University of Delaware Library Newark, Delaware 19717-5267 (302) 831-2229 Table of Contents Biographical Note Scope and Contents Note Series Outline Contents List Biographical Note A novelist, social historian, and political activist, Waldo Frank was born on August 25, 1889 to an upper-middle class, Jewish family in Long Branch, New Jersey. A prolific writer, Frank penned fourteen novels, eighteen volumes of social history, and well over one hundred articles on literary and political subjects. Once considered one of America's premier intellectuals, Frank has since slipped into relative obscurity. Only in Latin America are his books still widely read. Frank had already completed his first novel, Builders in Sand, by the age of seventeen, though it was never published. The same year, he was expelled from his public high school for refusing to enroll in a required Shakespeare course; he felt he knew more than the teacher. He is said to have read over a thousand books before he went to college. After his expulsion, his parents sent him to a boarding school in Lausanne, Switzerland, where he was introduced to the great French writers and where he began work on his second volume, The Spirit of Modern French Letters, which never saw publication. He eventually returned to the United States and was graduated with both a B.A. and an M.A. from Yale in 1911. Frank's first published novel, The Unwelcome Man: A Novel, is a psychoanalytic look into the life of Quincy Burt, a man struggling to find his place in a tumultuous, industrial society. Faced with the realization that he does not belong, the man purchases a gun with the intention of committing suicide; however, before he pulls the trigger, he realizes that he does belong precisely because, like everyone else, he is already dead, both spiritually and intellectually. Frank owed much of the inspiration for this novel to American transcendentalists Ralph Waldo Emerson and especially Walt Whitman. A self-professed "naturalistic mystic," Frank's ideology came from a fusion of Freud, Hegel, Marx, Spinoza, Eastern mysticism, Judaism, and American transcendentalism. He believed that many of the world's problems would be solved if each individual achieved a oneness or wholeness with the universe. In addition to his novel writing, Frank made his presence known in journals and magazines. In 1914, he was made associate editor of Seven Arts, a journal which ran for just twelve installments but was nevertheless an important forum in which artists and writers could express their politics. Frank also became a regular contributor to the New Yorker in 1925 under the pseudonym, "Search-light." That same year he was named contributing editor of the New Republic. Frank followed The Unwelcome Man with The Dark Mother (1920), and a series he called "The Lyric Novels," because they offer an emotional rather than rational experience, much like poetry. These novels include City Block (1922); Rehab (1922); Holiday (1923); and Chalk Face (1924). City Block and Rehab did not received the critical attention Frank felt they deserved; T.S. Eliot's The Wasteland appeared the same year, and Frank's novels went relatively unnoticed. Disenchanted, Frank abandoned his fiction writing. Between the years 1924 to 1925, he wrote ninety-seven articles, two plays, and Virgin Spain: Scenes from the Spiritual Drama of a Great People, a cultural study of Spain for which he earned widespread recognition and critical acclaim in Latin America. The success of Virgin Spain led to the publication of The Re-discovery of America: An Introduction to a philosophy of American Life (1929); America Hispana: A Portrait and a Prospect (1931); and Dawn in Russia: The Record of a Journey (1932). During this time, Frank became more active politically, attending meetings, strikes, and protests with Sherwood Anderson, Theodore Dreiser, and others. Despite a successful lecture tour of Latin America in 1942 and the subsequent publication of South American Journey (1943) and Birth of a World: Simon Bolivar in Terms of His Peoples (1951), Frank returned to novel writing. In his later years, his popularity had declined to such an extent that he could not find publishers for his last two novels. He died in 1967, already forgotten by readers and critics alike. Sources: Blake, Casey. "Waldo Frank." Dictionary of Literary Biography: Modern American Critics, 1920-1955. Gregory S. Jay, Ed. Detroit: Gale Research Co., 1988. Eckley, Wilton. "Waldo Frank." Dictionary of Literary Biography: American Novelists, 1910-1945. James J. Martine, ed. Detroit: Gale Research Co., 1981. Scope and Content Note Spanning the years 1922 to 1965, the papers of American author Waldo Frank comprise .6 linear feet (78 items) of letters, essays, lectures, poems, photographs and ephemera. Most of the items are related to his career as a social historian and political activist. The collection is divided into four series: Letters to Waldo Frank, 1932-1959; Writings by Waldo Frank, 1942; Photographs and Ephemera, [n.d.]; and Writings by Others. Perhaps most interesting in this collection are Waldo Frank's writings, which include a series of lectures Frank delivered in Latin America in 1942. In April of 1941, Frank turned down the State Department's offer of four thousand dollars to lecture in South America against Fascism. However, a flood of letters from his Latin American friends and the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor convinced him to accept the position as an unofficial representative of the United States Government. From mid-April to October of 1942, he lectured extensively in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Uruguay, Peru, and Columbia in an effort to combat Fascist propaganda. His efforts received both praise and criticism. On August 1, the Argentine government declared him persona non grata, and he was attacked in his apartment in Buenos Aires the following day. Frank landed in the hospital as well as on the front page of the New York Times. The publicity he received from the lectures and subsequent attack inspired him to publish the lectures under the title Ustedes y nostros: Nuevo mensaje a Ibero- America. Five of the seven lectures may be found in this collection. In the first lecture, La Guerra que esta debajo de la guerra, Frank urged Latin Americans to stand up for themselves against Fascism, an argument taken one step further in his second lecture, Ustedes y Nostros. Here, he predicted that if the South Americans could rid themselves of Facsism, a new world would emerge, a culturally and artistically superior world which he considered the destiny of the Americas. The third and fourth lectures were united under the common title, Los dos Caminos. The first part, Hacia la derrota del hombre, targeted the youth of South America. Frank warned them against joining Fascists gangs and argued that they should align themselves not with the Left or the Right, but with humanity. He urged them to create what he called the "City of Man." The fourth lecture, Hacia el destino humano, is more spiritual than the others, and in this one Frank urged Latin Americans to defeat Fascism while simultaneously attempting to become whole persons. At the end of the speech, he asked the people if their silence was one of death or rebirth. The fifth lecture, Los Elementos del nuevo mundo en los Estados unidos, is a discussion of the United States government's interest in Latin America. These lectures would be of particular interest to students of Latin American history as well as those interested in analyzing the role of the United States in early to mid-twentieth century international affairs. Note: The University of Delaware Library also houses the library of Waldo Frank which may be located by using the following keyword search in DELCAT: k = waldo frank library. Series Outline I. Letters to Waldo Frank, 1932 - 1959 II. Writings by Waldo Frank, 1942 III. Photographs and Ephemera IV. Writings by Others, [n.d.] Contents List Box -- Folder -- Contents 1 Series I. Letters to Waldo Frank, 1932-1959. All letters in this series were written in Spanish and addressed to Waldo Frank unless otherwise noted. F1 Alegria, Ciro (1909-1967) (1 item) 1936 April 21 TLS 1p F2 Augusto Garcez, Jose (3 items) 1954 April 1 TLS 1p 1954 April 1 TLS 1p to Machado Bettencourt [n.d.] ALS 2p to Machado Bettencourt F3 Barcia Trelles, Camilo (1 item) [n.d.] TD 1p F4 de Gangotena y Jijon, C. (2 items) 1925 August 8 TD 2p 1 card labelled "C. de Gangotena y Jijon" F5 Figueres Jose (2 items) 1956 June 27 TLS 5p 1956 August 17 XC 1p Note: These letters are written in English. F6 Gonzalez Climent, Anselmo (2 items) [n.d.] TLS 1p 1 card labelled "Anselmo Gonzalez Climent / Buenos Aires / Rep. Argentina" F7 Gregorio, Alfredo L. (1 item) 1942 June 3 ALS 2p F8 Guirior, Ivan (1 item) [n.d.] CLS 1p F9 Krongold, Max (1 item) 1954 September 6 ALS 1p F10 Melendez, Concha (1904- ) (1 item) 1935 July 30 ALS 2p F11 Rodriguez, Augusto (1 item) 1965 July 14 ALS 2p Note: This letter is written in English. F12 Silva Herzog, Jesus (1 item) 1949 October 19 TLS 1p F13 Toner-Dioseco, A. (1 item) 1942 January 10 TLS 1p Note: This letter is written in English and inscribed, "I would very much like to have your criticism on the whole work if you are kind enough to write to me some time." F14 Tooker, F.W.
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