340 Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017

Keratinophyton turgidum Fungal Planet description sheets 341

Fungal Planet 604 – 20 June 2017 Keratinophyton turgidum Rahul Sharma, & Shouche, sp. nov.

Etymology. Refers to the swollen nature of conidiogenous cells (Latin- (Sutton et al. 2013). These species can be distinguished on the turgidus means swollen). basis of morphologically different and genetically Classification — , , Eurotiomy- by differences in the ITS region (Cano et al. 2002, Guarro et cetes. al. 2012). Due to the one- one-name concept asexual species are now placed in genera conventionally comprising Hyphae hyaline, septate, smooth-walled, 1.5–6.5 µm wide, only sexual forms. A recent example is the straight, profusely branched. Conidiophores made up of swollen Nannizzia which previously comprised of species which were hyphae which are otherwise undifferentiated from vegetative hy- all sexual but now contain two asexual species, N. duboisii and phae, hyaline, unbranched, 2–18 × 1.5–2 µm. Conidiogenous N. praecox (De Hoog et al. 2016). Currently, species within a cells non-specialised, swollen, 2.5–4 µm wide and 6.5–8.5 µm genus are recognized as entities which are phylogenetically long. Conidia pyriform to oval, smooth-walled, terminal or lateral distinct from their neighbours irrespective of whether they are aleurioconidia, 5–7 × 3.5–5 µm, borne singly on mostly elongate sexual or asexual. Likewise, the monophyletic Keratinophyton and swollen fertile hyphae. Conidia have a broad basal scar, clade also contains several asexual species which have a 1.5–2.5 µm diam, left after rhexolytic dehiscence from conidio­ morph, and require renaming in Keratinophy- phores. Intercalary conidia present, elongated barrel-shaped, ton. In the present case the name Keratinophyton is chosen 11.5 × 4.5 µm. Chlamydospores absent. Racquet hyphae to represent this new species instead of Chrysosporium since present. Keratinolytic. Sexual morph not observed. it is phylogenetically more distant from the type species of Culture characteristics — Colony on Sabouraud dextrose Chrysosporium (C. merdarium). The two species that produce agar (SDA) at 28 °C white, circular, cottony with central area smooth-walled conidia and form a monophyletic cluster with having dense sporulation (5–5.5 cm diam after 16 d), reverse K. turgidum are K. hispanicum and K. punsolae. Conidia of pale brown with dark brown central spot. Growth at 37 °C on K. turgidum are pyriform and smaller (5–7 × 3.5–5 µm) than SDA 3.5 cm diam after 7 d of incubation. those of K. punsolae (8.5–13 × 5.5–9 µm) but slightly larger

Typus. India, Buldana, barber shop soil, 2016, R. Sharma (holotype MCC than those of K. hispanicum (3.5–8 × 2–3 µm). H-1006, cultures ex-type MS 335 = CBS 142596, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank KY290503 and KY962732, MycoBank MB819848). Notes — An NCBI BLASTn search of ITS sequences showed closest similarity to be 95 % with Chrysosporium indicum (CBS 89 verrucosus NBRC 32382 (JN943439) 117.63, NR_145203); 94 % with Keratinophyton terreum (CBS 81 Chrysosporium tropicum UAMH 691 (AJ131685) 504.63, AJ439443); 93 % with Keratinophyton punsolae (IMI Aphanoascus cubensis FMR 4220 (AJ439432) 334818, AJ439440); 91 % with Keratinophyton hispanicus (IMI Aphanoascus foetidus CBS 452.75 (AJ439448) 335379, AJ439438); 88 % with Keratinophyton durum (FMR 100 Chrysosporium lucknowense IMI 112798 (AJ131682) UAMH 5117 (AF038357) 5651, AJ439434). The description of the new species is based Aphanoascus mephitalis IMI 151084 (AJ439439) on the morphology of its chrysosporium-like aleurioconidia, Aphanoascus reticulisporus NBRC 32373 (JN943435) Aphanoascus and the ITS sequence similarity which positions it in the Ke- 98 Aphanoascus keratinophilus IMI 319010 (AJ133436) 99 87 ratinophyton clade. The genus Keratinophyton currently has six Chrysosporium keratinophilum IFO 7584 (AJ131681) Aphanoascus canadensis UAMH 4574 (AJ439435) recognised species which are all sexual and produce ascomata 100 Aphanoascus pinarensis FMR 4221 (AJ439433) Aphanoascus clathratus IMI 329400 (AJ439436) 100 Aphanoascus arxii CBS 466.88 (AJ315843) 53 59 Aphanoascus orissi CBS 340.89 (AJ390393) 100 Keratinophyton saturnoideum IMI 318416 (AJ439442) Keratinophyton terreum NBRC 32655 (JN943438) 100 Chrysosporium submersum IMI 379911 (AJ131686) 100 Keratinophyton durum FMR 5651 (AJ439434) Chrysosporium siglerae UAMH 6541 (AJ131684) 100 Chrysosporium evolceanui RV 26475 (AJ005368) 88 75 Chrysosporium echinulatum CCF 4652 (LT548276) 99 Keratinophyton 78 Chrysosporium fluviale FMR 6005 (AJ0005367) Chrysosporium minutisporosum IMI 379912 (AJ131689) 61 Keratinophyton turgidum CBS 142596 (KY290503) Chrysosporium sp. FMR 6059 (AJ439445) 100 100 Keratinophyton hispanicum IMI 335379 (AJ439438) 67 Keratinophyton punsolae IMI 334818 (AJ439440) Aphanoascella galapagosensis CBS 132345 (JQ864081) queenslandicus IFM 47370 (AB361646) Chrysosporium merdarium CBS 408.72 (AJ390384)

0.05 Colour illustrations. A village barber’s shop in Maharashtra, India. Macro­ Neighbour-Joining phylogram of ITS sequence data using morphology: Colony after 15 d on SDA (5 cm diam). Micromorphology: conidia MEGA v. 5.05, showing the phylogenetic position of CBS attached to swollen conidiophores, intercalary , conidia formed on 142596 in the Keratinophyton clade. Branches with bootstrap conidiophores on extensively branched hyphae, smaller conidia on swollen conidiophores formed when grown at 37 °C on SDA. Scale bars = 10 µm. support values ≥ 50 % are shown (based on 1 000 replicates).

Rahul Sharma & Yogesh S. Shouche, National Centre for Microbial Resource, National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex SP Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India; e-mail: [email protected] & [email protected]

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