DOCSLIB.ORG

Geology of the Kaikoura Area

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

13 Geology of the Kaikoura Area 1 : 2 5 0 0 0 0 G e o l o g i c a l M a p M. S. Rattenbury D. B. Townsend M. R. Johnston (Compilers) Age Oxygen New (ka) isotopeZealand International New Zealand Age International New Zealand events stages 251.0 (Ma) 0 Changhsingian ‘Makarewan’ YDm Haweran Wq 1 2 ‘Waiitian’ YDw 3 Castlecliffian Wc 4 Late ocene Wuchiapingian Pleist- ‘Puruhauan’ YDp Quat 100 5 d'Urville 1.8 260.4 (Lopingian) Gelasian Nukumaruan Wn 6 Capitanian Flettian YAf Late Piacenzian Mangapanian Wm Wanganui 200 Waipipian Wp 7 3.6 Haweran Middle Wordian 8 Pliocene Zanclean Opoitian Wo (Guadalupian) Roadian 270.6 Barrettian YAr Early 300 5.3 9 Kungurian Kapitean Tk 10 Aparima Messinian Mangapirian YAm 400 11 Permian Artinskian 12 Telfordian YAt 500 13 Early Tortonian Tongaporutuan Tt Taranaki Sakmarian Late 14 (Cisuralian) (unassigned) Ypt 600 15 Asselian 16 299.0 11.2 17 Gzhelian 700 18 Waiauan Sw 19 Serravallian 20 Castlecliffian Kasimovian 21 800 Moscovian Southland Middle Lillburnian Sl Miocene 900 Pennsylvanian Bashkirian Langhian Clifdenian Sc 16.4 1000 318.1 Serpukhovian Altonian Pl Tertiary Burdigalian Pareora (unassigned) F CENOZOIC Early Otaian Po Aquitanian Waitakian Lw 23.8 Carboniferous Visean Chattian Duntroonian Ld 28.5 Late Landon Mississippian Rupelian Whaingaroan Lwh Oligocene Early 33.7 Runangan Ar Late Priabonian Bartonian Kaiatan Ak 41.3 Arnold Bortonian Ab Tournasian Lutetian Porangan Dp Middle Eocene Heretaungan Dh 49.0 359.2 Mangaorapan Dm Famennian Ypresian Early Waipawan Dw JU 55.5 Late Frasnian Thanetian 385.3 Dannevirke Givetian Late Selandian Teurian Dt 61.0 JM Danian Middle Eifelian Early 397.5 65.0 Paleocene Maastrichtian Emsian Jzl Haumurian Mh Campanian Mata Devonian Pragian Jpr Santonian Piripauan Mp Late Early Coniacian Teratan Rt Mangaotanean Rm Lochkovian Jlo Turonian Arowhanan Ra Raukumara 417.2 PALEOZOIC Cenomanian Ngaterian Cn Pridoli 99.6 Motuan Cm Albian Ludlow Clarence Cretaceous Urutawan Cu 423.5 E Korangan Uk Silurian Wenlock Aptian Llandovery Barremian 443.2 Early Undifferentiated Hauterivian Hirnantian (7) Taitai Bolindan Vbo Taitai Valanginian Series Stage 6 Eastonian Vea Berriasian Late 145.5 Puaroan Op Stage 5 Gisbornian Vgi Tithonian Oteke 460.5 Darriwilian (4) Darriwilian Vda Ohauan Ko Yapeenian Vya Kimmeridgian Middle Stage 3 Castlemainian Vca Late 472.0 Vch Chewtonian Heterian Kh Ordovician Oxfordian Bendigonian Vbe 157.0 Stage 2 Callovian Bathonian Kawhia MESOZOIC Temaikan Kt Middle Early Lancefieldian Vla Bajocian Jurassic Tremadocian (1) Aalenian 175.6 pre-Lancefieldian Vpl 490.0 Stage 6 Datsonian Xda Toarcian Ururoan Hu Payntonian Xpa Paibian (5) Xiv Late Iverian 501 Idamean Xid Pliensbachian Mindyallan Xmi Herangi Stage 4 Early Boomerangian Xbo Sinemurian Undillan Xun Aratauran Ha Stage 3 Hettangian Floran Xfl 199.6 Stage 2 Rhaetian Otapirian Bo Middle Warepan Bw Ordian/Lower Stage 1 Xor Norian Templetonian Balfour Otamitan Bm Late Cambrian Oretian Br Carnian Kaihikuan Gk 237.0 Triassic Early Ladinian XL Etalian Ge Middle 542.0 Gore Anisian New Zealand geological Precambrian Z 245.0 Malakovian Gm Olenekian time scale from Cooper Nelsonian Gn Early Induan 251.0 (2004). Geology of the Kaikoura Area Scale 1:250 000 M. S. RATTENBURY D. B. TOWNSEND M. R. JOHNSTON (COMPILERS) Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences 1:250 000 Geological Map 13 GNS Science Lower Hutt, New Zealand 2006 BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCE Rattenbury, M.S., Townsend, D.B., Johnston, M.R. (compilers) 2006: Geology of the Kaikoura area. Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences 1:250 000 geological map 13. 1 sheet + 70p. Lower Hutt, New Zealand. GNS Science. Edited, designed and prepared for publication by P.J. Forsyth, P.L. Murray, P.A. Carthew and D.W. Heron. Printed by Graphic Press & Packaging Ltd, Levin ISBN 0-478-09925-8 © Copyright Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences Limited 2006 FRONT COVER The Kaikoura Peninsula or Te Taumanu o Te Waka a Maui has an extensive shore platform cut into gently folded Late Cretaceous to Oligocene sedimentary rocks. The coastal cliffs are capped by beach deposits on raised marine terraces resulting from Late Quaternary uplift. In the background the Seaward Kaikoura Range rises from the active Hope Fault at the base of the range. Te Taumanu o Te Waka a Maui, meaning the oarsman’s bench or thwarts of the canoe of Maui, is according to legend where Maui stood and cast his magical fish hook into the ocean. From his cast, he pulled up a giant fish, Te Ika a Maui, the North Island of New Zealand. Photo CN 23908/19: D. L. Homer ii CONTENTS ABSTRACT ................................................................... v Pahau terrane ............................................................. 25 Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous sedimentary and KEYWORDS .................................................................. v volcanic rocks ....................................................... 25 Esk Head belt .............................................................. 27 INTRODUCTION .......................................................... 1 Late Triassic to Early Cretaceous sedimentary and THE QMAP SERIES ....................................................... 1 volcanic rocks ....................................................... 27 The QMAP geographic information system .................. 1 CRETACEOUS TO PLIOCENE ..................................... 29 Data sources .................................................................. 1 Cretaceous sedimentary and volcanic rocks ................ 29 Reliability ....................................................................... 1 Cretaceous igneous rocks ............................................ 34 REGIONAL SETTING .................................................... 3 Paleocene to Eocene sedimentary rocks ...................... 35 Late Eocene to Pliocene sedimentary and volcanic GEOMORPHOLOGY ...................................................... 6 rocks ..................................................................... 38 Southeast of the Alpine Fault ..................................... 38 Main Divide ranges ........................................................ 6 Northwest of the Alpine Fault ..................................... 41 Kaikoura ranges ............................................................. 6 Hanmer Basin ................................................................. 6 QUATERNARY ............................................................ 43 Northern Canterbury basins and ranges ........................ 9 Alluvial terrace and floodplain deposits ...................... 43 Coastal landforms .......................................................... 9 Unmapped surficial deposits ....................................... 44 Alpine Fault ................................................................. 11 Alluvial fan and scree deposits .................................... 44 Lakes ............................................................................ 11 Till deposits ................................................................. 46 Rivers ........................................................................... 11 Landslide deposits ....................................................... 46 Offshore physiography ................................................ 11 Swamp and lake deposits ............................................. 46 STRATIGRAPHY ........................................................ 13 Marine deposits ........................................................... 47 Sand deposits .............................................................. 47 CAMBRIAN TO CRETACEOUS ................................. 13 OFFSHORE GEOLOGY ................................................ 47 Buller terrane .............................................................. 13 TECTONIC HISTORY ................................................ 48 Early Ordovician sedimentary rocks ............................ 13 Early to mid-Paleozoic .................................................. 48 Takaka terrane ............................................................ 13 Late Paleozoic to Early Cretaceous .............................. 48 Middle Cambrian to Late Ordovician sedimentary Mid- to Late Cretaceous and Paleogene ...................... 48 rocks ..................................................................... 13 Neogene ....................................................................... 49 Karamea Batholith...................................................... 13 GEOLOGICAL RESOURCES ..................................... 50 Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous intrusive rocks ..................................................................... 13 Metallic minerals .......................................................... 50 Non-metallic minerals ................................................... 50 Median Batholith ........................................................ 14 Rock ............................................................................. 51 Late Triassic to Late Jurassic igneous rocks and Coal .............................................................................. 53 associated sedimentary rocks ............................... 14 Water ........................................................................... 53 Early Cretaceous intrusive rocks ................................. 15 Oil and gas ................................................................... 53 Brook Street terrane ................................................... 16
Recommended publications
  • Introduction Getting There the Hurunui River the Waiau River

    Introduction Getting There the Hurunui River the Waiau River

    Introduction The Hurunui and Waiau Rivers offer a more relaxed fishing experience than the bigger braided rivers further south. They are home to North Canterbury’s best populations of brown trout in addition to seasonal populations of sea run salmon. The Hurunui and Waiau Rivers flow through hills for most of their length and are Canterbury’s most scenic braided rivers. In places, the presence of hills on the riverbanks make access challenging but anglers who put in the effort should be well rewarded. Getting There The Waiau River The Hurunui and Waiau Rivers lie around 90 and 130 kilometres north clears after a fresh. The section of river on either side of the State The Waiau River runs through a series of gorges from the Alps to the of Christchurch City respectively. The lower reaches are accessed from Highway 7 (Balmoral) Bridge is the easiest to access. Mid January until sea. Access can be difficult in places but is more than made up for by roads leading off State Highway 1. Both rivers benefit from a number mid March is the best time to fish for salmon in the Hurunui River. the stunning scenery on offer. The Waiau Mouth is a popular spot for of bridges which are the principle access points for anglers wishing to salmon fishing but can only be accessed by launching a jet boat at fish the middle reaches. In the upper reaches of the Hurunui, access is Populations of brown trout can be found anywhere from the mouth up Spotswood and boating downstream for ten minutes.
  • Te Rūnanga O Kaikōura Environmental Management Plan Te Mahere Whakahaere Taiao O Te Rūnanga O Kaikōura

    Te Rūnanga O Kaikōura Environmental Management Plan Te Mahere Whakahaere Taiao O Te Rūnanga O Kaikōura

    TE POHA O TOHU RAUMATI Te Rūnanga o Kaikōura Environmental Management Plan Te Mahere Whakahaere Taiao o Te Rūnanga o Kaikōura 2007 ii MIHI Tēnā koutou katoa Tēnā koutou katoa E ngā karangatanga e maha he hari anā tēnei To all peoples it is with pleasure we greet mihi atu ki a koutou i runga tonu nei i ngā you with the best of intentions regarding this ahuatanga o te tika me te pono o tēnei kaupapa important issue of caring for our land, our inland manāki taonga ā whenua, ā wai māori, ā wai tai. and coastal waterways. He kaupapa nui whakaharahara te mahi ngātahi It is equally important that our people work with tēnei iwi me ngā iwi katoa e nohonoho nei ki tō all others that share our tribal territory. matou takiwā. Therefore we acknowledge the saying that was Heoi anō i runga i te peha o tōku tupuna Nōku uttered by our ancestor, if I move then so should te kori, kia kori mai hoki koe ka whakatau te you and lay down this document for your kaupapa. consideration. Ko Tapuae-o-Uenuku kei runga hei tititreia mō Tapuae-o-Uenuku is above as a chiefly comb for te iwi the people Ko Waiau toa kei raro i hono ai ki tōna hoa ki te Waiau toa is below also joining with his partner hauraro ko Waiau Uha further south Waiau Uha Ko Te Tai o Marokura te moana i ū mai ai a Te Tai o Marokura is the ocean crossed by Tūteurutira kia tau mai ki tō Hineroko whenua i Tūteurutira where he landed upon the shore raro i Te Whata Kai a Rokohouia of the land of Hineroko beneath the lofty food gathering cliffs of Rokohouia Ko tōna utanga he tāngata, arā ko ngā Tātare o Tānemoehau His cargo was people the brave warriors of Tānemoehau Ā, heke tātai mai ki tēnei ao The descendants have remained to this time.
  • Geophysical Structure of the Southern Alps Orogen, South Island, New Zealand

    Geophysical Structure of the Southern Alps Orogen, South Island, New Zealand

    Regional Geophysics chapter 15/04/2007 1 GEOPHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF THE SOUTHERN ALPS OROGEN, SOUTH ISLAND, NEW ZEALAND. F J Davey1, D Eberhart-Phillips2, M D Kohler3, S Bannister1, G Caldwell1, S Henrys1, M Scherwath4, T Stern5, and H van Avendonk6 1GNS Science, Gracefield, Lower Hutt, New Zealand, [email protected] 2GNS Science, Dunedin, New Zealand 3Center for Embedded Networked Sensing, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA 4Leibniz-Institute of Marine Sciences, IFM-GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany 5School of Earth Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand 6Institute of Geophysics, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA ABSTRACT The central part of the South Island of New Zealand is a product of the transpressive continental collision of the Pacific and Australian plates during the past 5 million years, prior to which the plate boundary was largely transcurrent for over 10 My. Subduction occurs at the north (west dipping) and south (east dipping) of South Island. The deformation is largely accommodated by the ramping up of the Pacific plate over the Australian plate and near-symmetric mantle shortening. The initial asymmetric crustal deformation may be the result of an initial difference in lithospheric strength or an inherited suture resulting from earlier plate motions. Delamination of the Pacific plate occurs resulting in the uplift and exposure of mid- crustal rocks at the plate boundary fault (Alpine fault) to form a foreland mountain chain. In addition, an asymmetric crustal root (additional 8 - 17 km) is formed, with an underlying mantle downwarp. The crustal root, which thickens southwards, comprises the delaminated lower crust and a thickened overlying middle crust.
  • For More Information on the Abel Tasman National Park Please Visit: Wild About New Zealand Travel Information Web Site

    For More Information on the Abel Tasman National Park Please Visit: Wild About New Zealand Travel Information Web Site

    WILD ABOUT NEW ZEALAND - ABEL TASMAN & NELSON LAKES NATIONAL PARK EPISODE GUIDE TO 10/9/13 Episode Two: Abel Tasman – Nelson Lakes National Park, Wild About New Zealand Series. Aired: Tuesday, September 10th, 8.30 on TV ONE By Gus Roxburgh The Wild About New Zealand Episode guides provide a simple overview for viewers on planning a trip to the National Park featured in the TV series. What can you visit? What is easily accessible? What needs more planning and preparation? Plus top tips on things to do in and around the National Parks. The guides are written by series presenter, Gus Roxburgh who spent 18 months on adventures – both big and small, in all our National Parks featured in the series. The information is designed to get New Zealanders to move from the inspiration of the TV series to action - and head out to explore our world renowned National Parks. Gus is presenter of the TV series, Wild About New Zealand, and principal author of the book of the series being published by Random House in October 2013 Content developed with Nelson and Tasman Regional Tourism Office, Department of Conservation and Jasons Travel Media. For more information on the Abel Tasman National Park please visit: Wild About New Zealand Travel Information Web Site: www.wildaboutnewzealand.co.nz 1 | P a g e Wild About New Zealand Episode Guide WILD ABOUT NEW ZEALAND - ABEL TASMAN & NELSON LAKES NATIONAL PARK EPISODE GUIDE TO 10/9/13 Episode Guide Sections : i. Essential Travel Information incl. Why You Should Visit, What is So Special, Getting There & 5 Top Things to Do ii.
  • Geocene Auckland Geoclub Magazine Number 23, July 2020

    Geocene Auckland Geoclub Magazine Number 23, July 2020

    Geocene Auckland GeoClub Magazine Number 23, July 2020 Editor: Jill Kenny CONTENTS Instructions on use of hyperlinks last page 26 A CURIOUS CASE OF RIVERBED POTHOLES IN Michael Coote, Kent Xie 2 – 6 WEST AUCKLAND GRANITE FLUTING, BASINS AND TAFONE ON Lee Sawyer, Ken Smith, 7 – 10 SOUTHERN STEWART ISLAND Bruce W. Hayward EVIDENCE FOR TUFFS AT MANGAWHAI HEADS Garry Carr 11 – 13 EXHUMED LAVA CAVE AT KERIKERI, NORTHLAND Bruce W. Hayward 14 – 15 A RECORD OF THE DISTINCTIVE BRYOZOAN GENUS Seabourne Rust 16 – 18 RETELEPRALIA FROM THE EARLY MIOCENE WAITIITI FORMATION OF NORTHLAND, NEW ZEALAND IHUMATAO ROAD END FOSSIL FOREST Bruce W. Hayward, 19 – 21 Maureen Burke RAFTS OF PLEISTOCENE SEDIMENT IN Bruce W. Hayward 22 – 25 PUPUKE VOLCANO LAVA FLOWS Corresponding authors’ contact information 26 Geocene is a periodic publication of Auckland Geology Club, a section of the Geoscience Society of New Zealand’s Auckland Branch. Contributions about the geology of New Zealand (particularly northern New Zealand) from members are welcome. Articles are lightly edited but not refereed. Please contact Jill Kenny [email protected] 1 A CURIOUS CASE OF RIVERBED POTHOLES IN WEST AUCKLAND Michael Coote Map and photographs by Kent Xie Natural rock potholes at Woodside Reserve, Swanson two or more underlying, often oblique potholes, totalling During the COVID-19 lockdown period, local exercise up to about 1 m in depth in the biggest example. was promoted as official government policy. This situation encouraged the authors to look up maps for local The majority of the potholes were filled with water, but walkways, rights-of-way and reserves not previously most were above the water level of the stream.
  • Transpressional Rupture Cascade of the 2016 Mw 7.8

    Transpressional Rupture Cascade of the 2016 Mw 7.8

    PUBLICATIONS Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth RESEARCH ARTICLE Transpressional Rupture Cascade of the 2016 Mw 10.1002/2017JB015168 7.8 Kaikoura Earthquake, New Zealand Key Points: Wenbin Xu1 , Guangcai Feng2, Lingsen Meng3 , Ailin Zhang3, Jean Paul Ampuero4 , • Complex coseismic ground 5 6 deformation can be explained by slip Roland Bürgmann , and Lihua Fang on six crustal fault segments 1 2 • Rupture process across multiple faults Department of Land Surveying and Geo-informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China, School of 3 likely resulted from a triggering Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China, Department of Earth Planetary and Space cascade between crustal faults Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 4Seismological Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, • Rupture speed was overall slow, but Pasadena, CA, USA, 5Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, 6Institute of locally faster along individual fault segments Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China Supporting Information: Abstract Large earthquakes often do not occur on a simple planar fault but involve rupture of multiple • Supporting Information S1 • Data Set S1 geometrically complex faults. The 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikoura earthquake, New Zealand, involved the rupture of • Data Set S2 at least 21 faults, propagating from southwest to northeast for about 180 km. Here we combine space • Data Set S3 geodesy and seismology techniques to study subsurface fault geometry, slip distribution, and the kinematics of the rupture. Our finite-fault slip model indicates that the fault motion changes from predominantly Correspondence to: W. Xu, G. Feng, and L. Meng, right-lateral slip near the epicenter to transpressional slip in the northeast with a maximum coseismic surface [email protected]; displacement of about 10 m near the intersection between the Kekerengu and Papatea faults.
  • Appendices Appendices

    Appendices Appendices

    APPENDICES APPENDICES APPENDIX 1 – PUBLICATIONS SCIENTIFIC PAPERS Aidoo EN, Ute Mueller U, Hyndes GA, and Ryan Braccini M. 2015. Is a global quantitative KL. 2016. The effects of measurement uncertainty assessment of shark populations warranted? on spatial characterisation of recreational fishing Fisheries, 40: 492–501. catch rates. Fisheries Research 181: 1–13. Braccini M. 2016. Experts have different Andrews KR, Williams AJ, Fernandez-Silva I, perceptions of the management and conservation Newman SJ, Copus JM, Wakefield CB, Randall JE, status of sharks. Annals of Marine Biology and and Bowen BW. 2016. Phylogeny of deepwater Research 3: 1012. snappers (Genus Etelis) reveals a cryptic species pair in the Indo-Pacific and Pleistocene invasion of Braccini M, Aires-da-Silva A, and Taylor I. 2016. the Atlantic. Molecular Phylogenetics and Incorporating movement in the modelling of shark Evolution 100: 361-371. and ray population dynamics: approaches and management implications. Reviews in Fish Biology Bellchambers LM, Gaughan D, Wise B, Jackson G, and Fisheries 26: 13–24. and Fletcher WJ. 2016. Adopting Marine Stewardship Council certification of Western Caputi N, de Lestang S, Reid C, Hesp A, and How J. Australian fisheries at a jurisdictional level: the 2015. Maximum economic yield of the western benefits and challenges. Fisheries Research 183: rock lobster fishery of Western Australia after 609-616. moving from effort to quota control. Marine Policy, 51: 452-464. Bellchambers LM, Fisher EA, Harry AV, and Travaille KL. 2016. Identifying potential risks for Charles A, Westlund L, Bartley DM, Fletcher WJ, Marine Stewardship Council assessment and Garcia S, Govan H, and Sanders J.
  • Download for Kindle, Ipod, Tablets Or Monday 7 October Your Smart Phone

    Download for Kindle, Ipod, Tablets Or Monday 7 October Your Smart Phone

    Nelson Tramping Club September 2013 Newsletter of the NELSON TRAMPING CLUB Founded 1934, Nelson, New Zealand www.nelsontrampingclub.org.nz MEMBER PROFILE > Chris Louth 1. Country of origin: Hertfordshire, England 2. Occupation: very retired Graphic Artist. 3. Been a member for: 2 years. 4. How has being a member benefitted you? It gets you to places you haven’t known about and probably would never go to. Then there’s the good company with a few laughs along the way. Also keeps my impatience and impetuosity Our club Programme Co-ordinator above Blue Lake in check a bit. > CHRIS LOUTH PHOTO 5. Best trip: Can’t go past one I did many times the hut axe! He had no food for them and said while living near Cairns, Australia: that when they got hungry enough they’d kill 4–5 easy days down the seaward coast of something. Hinchinbrook, a mountainous island off the coast All the while he was banging around he kept up of Far North Queensland. Magnificent beaches, a continuous conversation. Not to me though – warm weather, warm water and loads of wildlife. it was like he vocalised every thought that went Even a saltwater croc or two. through his head. 6. Worst trip: Coming down from Rintoul Hut, When he finally went to bed at about 2am, typi- over Bishop’s Cap and into the Lee Valley - a very cally of the inconsiderate ones, he fell asleep in- erroneously DOC-designated bad weather escape stantly and started snoring like a farting camel. route. Halfway down, the track was obliterated by Shortly after, there was a huge bang in the hut windfalls and I spent the best part of two hours to and we both jumped up thinking someone was the valley floor pushing through gorse and bush shooting through it.
  • The Mid-Cenozoic Challenger Rift System of Western New Zealand and Its Implications for the Age of Alpine Fault Inception

    The Mid-Cenozoic Challenger Rift System of Western New Zealand and Its Implications for the Age of Alpine Fault Inception

    The mid-Cenozoic Challenger Rift System of western New Zealand and its implications for the age of Alpine fault inception PETER J. J. KAMP Department of Earth Sciences, University of Waikato, Hamilton, 2001, New Zealand ABSTRACT finger-like re-entrants of the Late Cretaceous New Caledonia basin and Bounty Trough, which both protrude into the subcontinent. The objective Analysis of the structure and sedimentary geology of western of this paper is to document evidence for another rift system, of Eocene- New Zealand has identified a middle Eocene to early Miocene conti- Oligocene age, named here the "Challenger Rift System," which trended nental rift system, 1,200 km long and 100-200 km wide, named here north-south through western New Zealand from the Norfolk basin to the the "Challenger Rift System." Four phases of rift development oc- Solander Trough (Fig. 1). This rift, by dissecting the subcontinent, induced curred: (1) infra-rift subsidence, (2) active axial trough subsidence, (3) subsidence of its most interior parts. It also indicates that the foundering expanded rift subsidence involving collapse of the rift shoulders, and was associated with at least two periods of rifting, one in the Late Creta- (4) incipient sea-floor spreading. The spatial and temporal distribution ceous and another in the mid-Cenozoic. of these phases identifies a North Island and a South Island rift seg- The Challenger Rift System is named after the Challenger Plateau, a ment and shows that rifting propagated toward the center of the rift shallowly submerged portion of the New Zealand subcontinent (Law- from both ends.
  • Reproductive Biology of Southwestern Atlantic Wreckfish, Polyprion

    Reproductive Biology of Southwestern Atlantic Wreckfish, Polyprion

    Environmental Biology of Fishes 68: 163–173, 2003. © 2003 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands. Reproductive biology of southwestern Atlantic wreckfish, Polyprion americanus (Teleostei: Polyprionidae) Monicaˆ B. Peresa & Sandro Klippelb aServic¸o da Regiao˜ Litoral, DQA, FEPAM Rua Carlos Chagas 55 sala 707, Centro Porto Alegre, RS 90.030-020, Brazil (e-mail: [email protected]) bTalha-mar Projetos Ambientais, Cons. d’Avila 190 Porto Alegre, RS 91040-450, Brazil Received 5 February 2003 Accepted 12 July 2003 Key words: sexual maturity, fecundity, spawning aggregation, spawning season, migration, deep-sea fish, life-cycle closure, southern Brazil Synopsis We report on the reproductive biology of southwestern Atlantic wreckfish. Females mature first at 77.9 cm total length (TL) (10.4 years) and all are mature by 90 cm TL (15.2 years). Males mature first at 74.9 cm (9 years) and all are mature by 80 cm TL (10.9 years). The wreckfish is a gonochoristic multiple spawner and the gonadal cycle is synchronized at the population level. Spawning occurs from late July to early October along the continental slope (>300 m). Ovarian fecundity varies from 3 to 11.9 million (135–311 oocytes × g−1) and increases exponentially with length. Spawning at western boundary current systems, maintained by homing of adults, is a basic requirement for self-sustaining populations of this species. Introduction are mature and juveniles may live more than 2 years at the sea surface before recruitment to the bottom The wreckfish, Polyprion americanus (Bloch and (Sedberry et al. 1999). Despite its worldwide distri- Schneider, 1801), is a large, long-lived demersal teleost bution and high commercial importance, there is no that inhabits continental and oceanic island slopes of information on reproductive cycle, fecundity, spawn- temperate and subtropical waters of the northern and ing sites and season of these fish.
  • 10 Day Top of the South

    10 Day Top of the South

    10 Day Top of the South The Journey While not the only regions bathed in sunshine and wrapped in beautiful coastlines, Nelson and Marlborough join forces to deliver one of New Zealand’s most diverse and satisfying holiday destinations. Three national parks, beaches and bays, world-famous wineries, delectable produce, art, culture, adrenaline activities and family fun – all this and more can be found on this scenic loop from Britz’s Christchurch depot. Highlights of the trip Christchurch Kaikoura Marlborough Sounds Nelson Lakes National Park Day 1 Christchurch Christchurch is a welcoming city and a convenient departure point for the road trips that lead in almost every direction. Immerse yourself in its dynamic vibe by visiting the arty centre and Re:Start precinct, its parks, gardens and beaches, and suburban hotspots such as Addington and Woolston Tannery. There are several leafy holiday parks out east, including North South, handy to the Britz depot. Day 2 Christchurch to Kairkoura Head up SH1, and in less than 30 minutes you’ll reach Waipara, a burgeoning wine region where Pegasus Bay and Black Estate offer tastings and winery lunches; the Waipara Valley Wine Growers lists other cellar doors. SH1 then leaves the Canterbury Plains and winds over the Hundalee Hills before kissing the coast. Kaikoura lies at the southern boundary of Marlborough, straddling a peninsula guarded by the Seaward Kaikoura Range. It’s world- renown for Whale Watch tours, but there is plenty of other wildlife to see including dolphins, seals and seabirds. Other ways to encounter wildlife are Seal Swiming and Kayak Tours, and the walk along the view-filled Kaikoura Peninsula that passes the Point Kean Seal Colony.
  • Guide to Christchurch and Picturesque Canterbury.Pdf

    Guide to Christchurch and Picturesque Canterbury.Pdf

    Guide io r^^,, ana ^ieiuresaue (hHterburV Price 1/ II-I.USXRATED L ?tatc College of Agriculture 0t Cornell iHnibcrSitp Stfiata, i9. g. ILtbrarp Cornell University Library DU 430.C3C2 Ca Guide to Christchurch and Picturesque 3 1924 014 476 448 (^ D DEXTER 8 CROZIER LIMITED Motor Garage : Worcester Street W., Christchurch Telephone 488 :Two minutes from General Post Oilica. MOTORCAR IMPORTERS^ ENGINEERS OOOO feet Floor Space. Repairs and Adjustments Of Every Description by Competent Mechanics. Car Agencies ^ Cadillac Paige . R.C.H. .() s GUIDE TO .*x^"«^*c^ )^ X and X Picturesque CANTERBURY ILLUSTRATED Printed and Published under the auspices of the Borough Councils and Local Bodies of Canterbury by Marriner Bros, and Co.. 612 Colombo Street Christchurch, N.Z. Copyrlutil 1914- ^ . THE CANTKKBUKV tiUIDK ^ New Zealand ^he WORLD'S Scenic Wonderland THE COUNTRY THAT SATISFIES T^he MOST EXACTING DEMANDS THERE YOU WILL FIND: THERMAL WONDERS. - Gushirg Gcyse.s, Boiling Lakes and Pools, Weird Mud Volcanoes, Beautiful Silica Terraces. MEDICINAL WATERS of extraordinary variety, for Curative Piopertlcs easily eclipse any others known. FIORDS. — Greater and Grander than those of Northern Europe. ALPINE PEAKS AND GLACIERS —The Largest and most Beautiful Glaciers in Temperate Zones, outrlvalling any to be seen in Switzerland. LAKES. — Sublime, Magnificent, Unrivalled. TROUT AND DEER furnishing abundant and unequalled sport for Anglers and Deerstalkers. Finest Trout-fishing in the World. CLIMATE. — Healthy. Temperate, Equable and Invigorating. ^Vh«n travelling in N«-w^ Zealand sav« tim*. save -woTT-y, sav« incoi\veni«nce BooK your Tour at tH« Oovemm«nt Tourist Bureaux. ^^ CH«apest and b«st rout«s selected for you, NO CHARGE FOR BOOKING SERVICES THE CANTERBURY CriDE New Zealand Tourist Resorts.