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El Conflicto Entre La Ética Animal Y La Ética Ambiental: Bibliografía Analítica

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El Conflicto Entre La Ética Animal Y La Ética Ambiental: Bibliografía Analítica TESIS DOCTORAL El conflicto entre la ética animal y la ética ambiental: bibliografía analítica Autor: Daniel Dorado Alfaro Director: Arturo Martín Vega DEPARTAMENTO DE BIBLIOTECONOMÍA Y DOCUMENTACIÓN Getafe, junio de 2015 TESIS DOCTORAL E L C O N F L I C T O E N T R E L A É T I C A A N I M A L Y L A É T I C A A M B I E N T A L : B I B L I O G R A F Í A A N A L Í T I C A Autor: Daniel Dorado Alfaro Director: Arturo Martín Vega Firma del Tribunal Calificador: Firma Presidente: (Nombre y apellidos) Vocal: (Nombre y apellidos) Secretario: (Nombre y apellidos) Calificación: Getafe, de de 2015 Hay un principio en los seres, relativamente al cual no se puede incurrir en error, precisamente ha de suceder lo contrario, esto es, que se está siempre en lo cierto. Este principio es el siguiente: no es posible que una misma cosa sea y no sea a un mismo tiempo; y lo mismo sucede en todas las demás oposiciones absolutas”.• • ARISTÓTELES. Metafísica. Madrid: Espasa Calpe, 1988, p. 279. 3 AGRADECIMIENTOS Deseo mostrar mi agradecimiento, en primer lugar, al director de esta tesis: Arturo Martín Vega. Asimismo, quiero agradecer la colaboración prestada para la adecuada elaboración de la misma a las siguientes personas: Ana María Aboglio, Carol J. Adams, Gianella de la Asunción, Andrew Brennan, Leonardo Caffo, J. Baird Callicott, Luciano Carlos Cunha, William C. French, Kenneth Goodpaster, Lori Gruen, Ned Hettinger, Oscar Horta, Arnaldo Linares-Galindo, Patrick Llored, Bryan G. Norton, Clare Palmer, Tom Regan, Holmes Rolston III, Daniel Scheid, Pablo Stafforini, Mikel Torres Aldave y Gary E. Varner. 5 ÍNDICE 1. INTRODUCCIÓN .............................................................................................................. 9 1.1. PRESENTACIÓN ....................................................................................................... 9 1.2. OBJETIVOS ............................................................................................................. 11 2. METODOLOGÍA ............................................................................................................ 15 2.1. ORIENTACIONES METODOLÓGICAS ..................................................................... 15 2.2. FASES DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN .............................................................................. 21 2.3. FUENTES DE INFORMACIÓN ............................................................................... 23 3. DEFINICIÓN Y TIPOS DE BIBLIOGRAFÍAS ....................................................................... 27 4. BIBLIOGRAFÍA ANOTADA SOBRE LA ÉTICA ANIMAL Y LA ÉTICA AMBIENTAL .................. 33 5. CONCLUSIONES .......................................................................................................... 235 5.1. LOS CRITERIOS PARA LA CONSIDERACIÓN MORAL QUE SE DEFIENDEN DESDE LA ÉTICA ANIMAL, DE UNA PARTE, Y DESDE LA ÉTICA AMBIENTAL, DE OTRA PARTE, SON DIFERENTES ............................................................................................................... 236 5.1.1. CRITERIOS MANEJADOS POR LA ÉTICA ANIMAL ............................................ 237 5.1.2. CRITERIOS MANEJADOS POR LA ÉTICA AMBIENTAL ....................................... 238 5.2. CONSECUENCIAS PRÁCTICAS EN LO RELATIVO AL USO DE LOS ANIMALES COMO RECURSOS Y OTRAS PRÁCTICAS QUE PROVOCAN LA MUERTE DE ANIMALES ................ 247 5.2.1. POSICIÓN DE LA ÉTICA ANIMAL .................................................................... 248 5.2.2. POSICIÓN DE LA ÉTICA AMBIENTAL .............................................................. 249 5.3. CONSECUENCIAS PRÁCTICAS EN LO RELATIVO A LA INTERVENCIÓN EN LOS ECOSISTEMAS............................................................................................................. 250 5.3.1. POSICIÓN DE LA ÉTICA ANIMAL .................................................................... 251 5.3.2. POSICIÓN DE LA ÉTICA AMBIENTAL .............................................................. 253 5.4. EVOLUCIÓN DE LA ÉTICA ANIMAL Y DE LA ÉTICA AMBIENTAL .............................. 254 5.4.1. EVOLUCIÓN DE LA ÉTICA ANIMAL ................................................................ 255 5.4.2. EVOLUCIÓN DE LA ÉTICA AMBIENTAL ........................................................... 258 5.5. LA ÉTICA ANIMAL Y LA ÉTICA AMBIENTAL SON POSICIONES CONTRAPUESTAS ...... 260 GLOSARIO ...................................................................................................................... 263 BIBLIOGRAFÍA ............................................................................................................... 279 ÍNDICE DE AUTORES ....................................................................................................... 303 ÍNDICE DE TÍTULOS ........................................................................................................ 313 7 EL CONFLICTO ENTRE LA ÉTICA ANIMAL Y LA ÉTICA AMBIENTAL: BIBLIOGRAFÍA ANALÍTICA 8 INTRODUCCIÓN 1. INTRODUCCIÓN 1.1. PRESENTACIÓN Esta tesis se realiza en el marco del Doctorado en Documentación: Archivos y Bibliotecas en el Entorno Digital, ofertado por la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. En concreto, en la siguiente línea de investigación: “Fuentes de información y bibliografía”. Un repertorio bibliográfico debe tener como características las siguientes: Novedad. Es claro que de nada serviría elaborar dicho repertorio si este fuera una mera reiteración de trabajos anteriores, máxime en el caso de una investigación doctoral. Oportunidad. La elaboración del citado repertorio debería realizarse cuando se estime pertinente. Interés. De nada sirve una monografía que no resulte útil. 9 EL CONFLICTO ENTRE LA ÉTICA ANIMAL Y LA ÉTICA AMBIENTAL: BIBLIOGRAFÍA ANALÍTICA Tal y como señala Juan Delgado Casado (2005: 31), una tesis doctoral puede considerarse una razón perfectamente válida para la elaboración de un repertorio bibliográfico. Añadimos que, especialmente, si es un repertorio bibliográfico anotado en el que, además, se realiza un análisis conjunto de las obras referenciadas, como ocurre en el caso presente. Un repertorio bibliográfico debe dar respuesta a una necesidad motivada por la ausencia de bibliografías similares. Hasta la fecha, existen varios repertorios bibliográficos en el ámbito de la ética animal (Hunt y Juergensmeyer 1977; Magel 1981, 1989; Nordquist 1991; Manzo 1994; Kistler 2000; Leyton 2010; Dorado y Horta 2014) y de la ética ambiental (Owings 1976; Anglemyer y otros 1980; Anglemyer y Seagraves 1984; Katz 1989, 1982; Elbers 1991). Asimismo, hay disponibles bibliografías en línea en las páginas de la Internacional Society for Environmental Ethics1 y de The Tom Regan Animal Rights Archive.2 Sin embargo, no hemos constatado la existencia de ningún otro repertorio bibliográfico anotado que aborde las diferencias entre la ética animal y la ética ambiental, quizá debido a la confusión existente en el ámbito académico al entender como equivalentes dichos campos. Este hecho sería suficiente para motivar la elaboración del presente repertorio. A ello se puede añadir que el análisis de las obras referenciadas puede ayudar a generar nuevas líneas de investigación, tanto en el ámbito de la documentación como en el ámbito de la filosofía moral. 1 ‹http://enviroethics.org/› [consulta: 23 de junio de 2013]. 2 ‹http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/animalrights/› [consulta: 24 de junio de 2013]. 10 INTRODUCCIÓN Se pretende que el repertorio objeto de esta tesis sea el primero sobre el tema citado, es decir, las diferencias entre la ética animal y la ética ambiental. De esta manera, se busca paliar la escasez de estudios especializados al respecto. Asimismo, la inclusión de notas permite que el investigador pueda valorar la importancia de la consulta directa de la obra. Este es el punto de partida de la presente tesis, que pretende dar fundamento a la siguiente hipótesis de trabajo: ¿son las posiciones de la ética animal radicalmente diferentes en sus fundamentos, argumentos y consecuencias a las posiciones de la ética ambiental? En el caso de responder de manera afirmativa a dicha pregunta, habría que concluir que existe una confusión al respecto de las diferencias teóricas y prácticas entre la ética animal y la ética ambiental, la cual tendría lugar tanto entre los académicos como en la población en general. De hecho, es habitual ver que las ideas “defensa de los animales” y “ecologismo” son empleadas como sinónimas de manera habitual. Esta confusión tendría enormes consecuencias teóricas y prácticas en el caso de que no fueran ideas sinónimas. Lo anterior lleva a la importancia de elaborar este repertorio bibliográfico, al efecto de analizar las diferencias de ambos planteamientos. 1.2. OBJETIVOS La presente investigación tiene dos objetivos principales. 11 EL CONFLICTO ENTRE LA ÉTICA ANIMAL Y LA ÉTICA AMBIENTAL: BIBLIOGRAFÍA ANALÍTICA El primer objetivo principal es la elaboración de una bibliografía retrospectiva enumerativa anotada específica que contemple las diferencias entre la ética animal y la ética ambiental, al efecto de recopilar, de manera sistemática y mediante un método científico propio de la investigación documental, las referencias de las obras publicadas sobre dicho tema. El segundo objetivo principal es la realización de un análisis sobre las diferencias entre los planteamientos propios de la ética animal y los planteamientos propios de la ética ambiental. Asimismo, junto a los citados objetivos generales, los cuales fundamentan y justifican la elaboración de esta tesis doctoral,
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