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Issue Full File Türk Savaş Çalışmaları Dergisi 1, no. 2 (2020) | Yayıncı Mesut UYAR | e-ISSN: 2717-7432 İÇİNDEKİLER Araştırma/Research Savunma Çalışmaları 90-108 Defence Studies Çağlar KURÇ Ahmet Refik ve Askeri Tarihçilik 109-117 Ahmet Refik and Military Histography Ahmet ÖZCAN Savaş Oyunlarının Tarihi ve Kullanımı Üzerine bir Değerlendirme 118-149 An Analysis in the History and the Utility of Wargaming Mehmet Fatih BAŞ Rus Vilayetlerinde Mukim Müslümanların Osmanlı’nın Savaşa 150-169 Girişine Tepkileri ve Çarlık Hükümetinin Aldığı Tedbirler (1914) Reactions of Muslims Residing in Russian Provinces to the Ottoman’s Entry into the War and the Measures Taken by the Tsarist Government (1914) Tibet ABAK Crete in the Aftermath of the 1877-78 Turkish-Russian War 170-199 1877-78 Türk – Rus Harbi Sonrasında Girit David BARCHARD TURKISH JOURNAL OF WAR STUDIES TÜRK SAVAŞ ÇALIŞMALARI DERGİSİ TJWS TÜRK SAVAŞ ÇALIŞMALARI DERGİSİ TURKISH JOURNAL OF WAR STUDIES Cilt/Volume: 1 • Sayı/Number: 2 • Ekim/October 2020 E-ISSN: 2717-7432 TJWS Türk Savaş Çalışmaları Dergisi uluslararası ve hakemli bir dergidir. Yayımlanan makalelerin sorumluluğu yazarına/yazarlarına aittir. Turkish Journal of War Studies is a peer-reviewed and international journal. Authors bear responsibility for the content of their published articles. Yayın Sahibi/Owner Mesut UYAR Yönetim Yeri/Head Office Antalya Bilim Üniversitesi İktisadi, İdari ve Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi Dekanlığı Antalya Bilim University School of Business and Social Sciences Yayın Türü/Type of Publication Yaygın Süreli Yayın/International Periodical Yayın Dili/Language Türkçe ve İngilizce /Turkish and English Yayın Periyodu/Publishing Period Altı ayda bir Mart ve Ekim aylarında yayımlanır/Biannual (April & October) Yayın Kurulu/Editorial Management Baş Editör/Editor-in-Chief Mesut UYAR, Antalya Bilim Üniversitesi, Antalya Yardımcı Editör/Associate Editor Emrah ÖZDEMİR, Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi, Çankırı, Türkiye Dil Editörü/Language Editor Bilge FİLİZ, Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara, Türkiye Yayın ve Danışma Kurulu/Editorial Board Sir Hew STRACHAN, University of St. Andrews, Scotland, U.K. A. Kadir VAROĞLU, Başkent Üniversitesi, Ankara, Türkiye Serhat GÜVENÇ, Kadir Has Üniversitesi, İstanbul, Türkiye Ahmet ÖZCAN, Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi, Çankırı Türkiye Gültekin YILDIZ, Milli Savunma Üniversitesi, İstanbul, Türkiye Fatih YEŞiL, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara, Türkiye Edward J. ERICKSON, Antalya Bilim Üniversitesi, Antalya, Türkiye İletişim/Correspondence Doç. Dr. Emrah ÖZDEMİR Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Uluslararası İlişkiler Bölümü Uluyazı Kampüsü Çankırı, Türkiye Telefon: +90 (376) 218 95 00 / 7448 Web: http://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/tws Elektronik posta: [email protected] Bu eser Creative Commons Alıntı - Gayri Ticari - Türetilemez 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır. TJWS İletişim/Correspondence Doç. Dr. Emrah ÖZDEMİR Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Uluslararası İlişkiler Bölümü Uluyazı Kampüsü Çankırı, Türkiye Telefon: +90 (376) 218 95 00 / 7748 Web: http://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/tws Elektronik posta: [email protected] TJWS Ekim/October 2020 İçindekiler/ Table of Contents Araştırma Makaleleri/Research Articles Savunma Çalışmaları 90-108 Defence Studies Çağlar KURÇ Ahmet Refik ve Askeri Tarihçilik 109-117 Ahmet Refik and Military Histography Ahmet ÖZCAN Savaş Oyunlarının Tarihi ve Kullanımı Üzerine bir Değerlendirme 118-149 An Analysis in the History and the Utility of Wargaming Mehmet Fatih BAŞ Rus Vilayetlerinde Mukim Müslümanların Osmanlı’nın Savaşa 150-169 Girişine Tepkileri ve Çarlık Hükümetinin Aldığı Tedbirler (1914) Reactions of Muslims Residing in Russian Provinces to the Ottoman’s Entry into the War and the Measures Taken by the Tsarist Government (1914) Tibet ABAK Crete in the Aftermath of the 1877-78 Turkish-Russian War 170-199 1877-78 Türk – Rus Harbi Sonrasında Girit David BARCHARD Türk Savaş Çalışmaları Dergisi 1, no. 2 (2020): 90-108. TJWS Türk Savaş Çalışmaları Dergisi Turkish Journal of War Studies e-ISSN: 2717-7432 Savunma Çalışmaları Defence Studies Çağlar KURÇ1 Araştırma Makalesi 1 Doktor – Öğretim Görevlisi, Özet Bilkent Üniversitesi Uluslararası İlişkiler Bölümü Savunma Çalışmaları, askeri teknik alanla, politik ekonomi arasında bir köprü görevi gören ve devletlerin savunma politikalarını inceleyen alandır. Savunma Çalışmaları, savunmaya ORCID: 0000-0001-6191-1834 bütüncül yaklaşım sergilemekte, salt teknik kararlar olarak görülen, ya da sunulan kararlın altında yatan karmaşık seçimleri ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Bu odak noktasına rağmen, Savunma Çalışmaları, Stratejik ve Savaş Çalışmalarıyla eşanlamlı kullanılmaktadır. Alanın Sorumlu yazar/Corresponding karşılaştığı tek sorun bu değildir. Savunma Çalışmaları sivil kurumlara birkaç istisna author: dışında nüfuz edememiştir. Askeri kurumlarda kendine otonom bir alan elde edebilen Savunma Çalışmaları özellikle Türkiye’de , aktif veya emekli asker kökenlilerin Çağlar KURC hakimiyetindedir. Alanın askerlerin hakimiyetinde olması askerlerin olduğu kadar sivillerin de alana yaklaşımlarından kaynaklanmaktadır. Bir diğer sorun ise, Savunma Çalışmalarının E-posta/E-mail: askeri teknik seviyeye çoğunlukla mühendisler tarafından indirgenmesidir. Savunma [email protected] Çalışmaları salt teknik seviyeye indirgendiği derecede özünden uzaklaşmaktadır. Alanın Geliş tarihi/Received: yegane özelliği olan politik ekonomiyle askeri teknik alanın arasındaki köprü görevi görmezden gelinmektedir. Bu çalışma, Savunma Çalışmalarının yaşadığı sorunları alanın 16 Eylül 2020 çerçevesinde inceleyerek ve bu alandaki temel soruları ortaya koymayı, böylece giderilmelerine katkıda bulunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Revizyon talebi/Revision Requested: Anahtar Kelimeler: Savunma Çalışmaları, Savunma Politikası, Savunma Bütçesi, Savunma Tedariki, Askeri Lojistik 07 Ekim 2020 Abstract Son revizyon /Last revision: Defence Studies is the field that acts as a bridge between the military-technical field and 24 Ekim 2020 the political economy and examines the defence policies of states. Defence Studies takes Kabul tarihi/Accepted: a holistic approach to defence, revealing complex choices that are either seen or presented as purely technical decisions. Despite its unique focus, it is usually used synonymously 25 Ekim 2020 with Strategic and War Studies. Yet, this is not the only problem facing the field. With a few exceptions, Defence Studies have not been able to penetrate civil institutions. Atıf/Citation: Defence Studies has an autonomous institutional place only in the military institutions, Kurç, Çağlar. “Savunma thus, especially in Turkey, the field is dominated by active and retired soldiers. The fact Çalışmaları”. Türk Savaş Çalışmaları that the area is dominated by soldiers is due to the attitudes of both civilians and soldiers. Dergisi 1, no. 2 (2020): 90-108. Another problem is that engineers mostly reduce Defence Studies to the military-technical level. As the field is reduced to the technical level, it moves away from its raison d'être; acting as the bridge between the political economy and the military-technical field. This study will examine the problems experienced by Defence Studies while delineating the framework of the field and laying out the fundamental questions in the field, thus aiming to contribute to the resolution of the problems. Key Words: Defence Studies, Defence Policy, Defence Budget, Defence Procurement, Military Logistics Turkish Journal of War Studies 1, no. 2 (2020): 90-108. 90 Savunma Çalışmaları – Ç. KURÇ GİRİŞ Savunma Çalışmaları, aynen Uluslararası İlişkiler gibi Birinci Dünya Savaşı sonunda doğmuş, Soğuk Savaş döneminde olgunlaşmış bir alandır. Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nın Birleşik Krallık üzerindeki olumsuz etkileri, siyasetçileri ve askerleri hem imparatorluğun geleceğin uluslararası sistemindeki yerini, hem de savaşın değişimi üzerinde düşünmeye yöneltmiştir. Birinci Dünya Savaşı, Birleşik Krallık’ın bütün kaynaklarının kullanılmasını gerektirmiş, savaş süresince imparatorluğun ve savaşın yönetiminin beklenmedik derecede karmaşık olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Savaşın değişen karakteri sadece gelecekteki ordunun nasıl kurulacağı sorununu ortaya çıkarmakla kalmamış, bu ordunun nasıl yönetileceği, nasıl harekat düzenleyeceği ve nasıl idame edileceği sorularını da beraberinde getirmiştir. Birleşik Krallık’taki siyasetçiler ve askerler, bu soruların cevaplarının imparatorluğun gelecekteki uluslararası sistemde nasıl konumlanacağının ve izleyeceği dış politikadan bağımsız olmadığının farkına varmışlardır. Bir başka deyişle, askeri faaliyetlerin (savaş, ordunun yapılanması, silah tedariki, savaşın yönetimi gibi) siyasi çerçeveyle yakından ilişkili olduğu görülmüştür.1 Bundan dolayı, hem askerlerin ve bürokratların bu ilişkinin farkına varmaları hem de aralarındaki işbirliğini geliştirmeleri için 1927’de Imperial Defence College (İmparatorluk Savunma Koleji) kurulmuştur ve Savunma Çalışmaları doğmuştur. Kolej’in odaklandığı konular ve değişimi, bir noktada Savunma Çalışmaları alanının çerçevesinin belirlenmesinde de önemli bir rol oynamıştır. Kolej’e kuruluşta dört temel görev verilmiştir. Birincisi, savunma politikası çerçevesinde hava, kara ve deniz kuvvetleri için ortak bir doktrin yaratılmasıdır. İkincisi, savaşın yaratabileceği olası sorunlar üzerinde araştırma yapılmasıdır. Üçüncü görev, stratejik sorunların olabildiğince geniş bir perspektifte incelenmesidir. Son olarak da savaşın sorunlarına daha bütüncül olarak bakabilen, özel savunma sorularını araştırabilen
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