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The Animal Rights Movement and Public Policy

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The Animal Rights Movement and Public Policy Nova Southeastern University NSUWorks Department of Conflict Resolution Studies Theses and Dissertations CAHSS Theses and Dissertations 2019 The Political Animal: The Animal Rights Movement and Public Policy Dorothy Jean Simnett Follow this and additional works at: https://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dcar_etd Part of the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Share Feedback About This Item This Dissertation is brought to you by the CAHSS Theses and Dissertations at NSUWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Department of Conflict Resolution Studies Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of NSUWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Political Animal: The Animal Rights Movement and Public Policy by Dorothy J Simnett A Dissertation Presented to the College of Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences of Nova Southeastern University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Nova Southeastern University 2019 Nova Southeastern University College of Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences Dedications This research project is dedicated to the memory of family lost since its commencement: my parents, Bill and Grace; my brother, Ron, my stepson, Nick; my mother-in-law, Blanche. I miss them so, and I hope they would have been proud. Especially in memory of my wonderful dogs; Sandra Dee, Chancer, Katrina, Jelly Bean and Hope; their footsteps have left an indelible mark on my spirit and resolution. And to those innocent non-humans who have suffered and died at the hands of humans; I apologize on behalf of a species still learning. Acknowledgements Thank you to Dr. Berna for his support, patience and overall enthusiasm, without whom this project would not have survived. Dr. Berna, you remain one of my favorite persons. Thank you to Dr. Muvingi for the challenge; you have taught me so much. I hope that I have given a little back. To Dr. Katz for the defense support, I appreciate all you’ve done. Thank you to Dr. Mary Hope-Schwoebel for sharing my humane passion. I am grateful to Wayne Pacelle, formerly President and CEO of HSUS, for his indefatigable passion for animals; animal welfare owes him so much. It was Wayne’s dedication to animals that inspired me. To my husband, Vinnie; my son, Bill, my daughter, Karyn; I am truly at a loss for words to express my gratitude and love. You have been with me every step of the way; thank you, I love you. To those who work tirelessly and unselfishly for the sake of animals and who have contributed so much to make this world a more humane place, thank you; I am truly humbled. Debra, Carol, Emily, Dr. Unti, thank you. Lastly, I am grateful for the non-humans who rescued me—Milo, Noah, and Marley. They remind me everyday why this is important. ii Table of Contents Abstract .......................................................................................................................... iv Chapter 1: Introduction ................................................................................................... 1 Chapter Introduction .................................................................................................. 1 The Cost of Conflict ................................................................................................... 6 The Animal Rights Movement as a New Social Movement .................................... 11 Research Question and Proposition ......................................................................... 16 Key Terms ................................................................................................................ 18 Chapter 2: Literature Review ........................................................................................ 21 Chapter Introduction ................................................................................................ 21 Animal Rights Theorists and Resources .................................................................. 22 Utilitarian Theory Research Resources ................................................................... 23 Utilitarian Theory and Animal Resources ............................................................... 26 Social Movement Theory Resources ....................................................................... 27 New Social Movement Theory Resources ............................................................... 38 Animal Rights Movement Resources ...................................................................... 43 Resources for Political and Policy Research ........................................................... 58 Animal Politics and Policy Resources ..................................................................... 73 Culture Factors Resources ....................................................................................... 91 Animal Ethics and Rights Resources ..................................................................... 110 Theoretical Framework: Public Policy .................................................................. 121 Utilitarian: Ethical and Political Theory ................................................................ 127 Social Movement Theory ....................................................................................... 130 i New Social Movement Theory .............................................................................. 150 Animal Rights Movement Theory ......................................................................... 158 Culture Influence Theory ....................................................................................... 165 Chapter 3: Methodology and Research Design .......................................................... 169 Case Study Methodology ....................................................................................... 169 Review of Related Literature ................................................................................. 173 Interview Methodology ..................................................................................... 177 Interview Questions ............................................................................................... 179 Data Collection Methods ....................................................................................... 180 Data Analysis ......................................................................................................... 182 Ethical Considerations ........................................................................................... 184 Assumptions, Delimitations, and Limitations ........................................................ 187 Chapter Three Conclusion ..................................................................................... 187 Chapter 4: Results ....................................................................................................... 189 Document Source Thematic Summary .................................................................. 195 Document Source Review ...................................................................................... 196 Themes Emerging from Document Sources .......................................................... 243 Interviews and Participants: Collective Interview Profiles .................................... 244 Individual Participant Profiles ............................................................................... 245 Interview Summary ................................................................................................ 249 Research Questions: Responses and Emerging Themes from Interviews ............. 252 Themes Emerging from Interview Questions ........................................................ 253 Theme 1: There is a pattern of longevity in the field ........................................ 254 ii Theme 2: Advocates see their roles as benefitting the interests of animals ...... 257 Theme 3: Advocates are strongly motivated by the awareness of suffering .... 264 Theme 4: Animal rights activists take a hard, uncompromising line on animal rights ................................................................................................................ 275 Theme 5: For some the terms are ambiguous ................................................... 276 Theme 6: The animal movement has considerable impact on public policy .... 283 Theme 7: Advocates are specific when asked how conflicts can be resolved .. 288 Theme 8: Most effective tools .......................................................................... 324 Theme 9: Every advocate responded similarly ................................................. 326 Theme 10: The similarity to other social movements ....................................... 330 Theme 11: There is a tendency for competition within the movement ............ 334 Interview Responses Thematic Summary .............................................................. 339 Major Themes Garnered from Combination of all Sources ................................... 348 Conclusion ............................................................................................................. 349 Chapter 5: Conclusion ................................................................................................. 350 Discussion of Findings ........................................................................................... 350 Discussion of Thematic Summaries ....................................................................... 350 References ..................................................................................................................
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