DOCSLIB.ORG

University Press of Colorado Utah State University Press Chapter Title: OBAMA HOPE, PARODY, and SATIRE Book Title: Still Life Wi

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
University Press of Colorado Utah State University Press Chapter Title: OBAMA HOPE, PARODY, and SATIRE Book Title: Still Life Wi University Press of Colorado Utah State University Press Chapter Title: OBAMA HOPE, PARODY, AND SATIRE Book Title: Still Life with Rhetoric Book Subtitle: A New Materialist Approach for Visual Rhetorics Book Author(s): LAURIE E. GRIES Published by: University Press of Colorado, Utah State University Press. (2015) Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt130hktr.13 JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at https://about.jstor.org/terms University Press of Colorado, Utah State University Press are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Still Life with Rhetoric This content downloaded from 129.210.6.137 on Thu, 30 Jan 2020 05:56:50 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms 8 OBAMA HOPE, PARODY, AND SATIRE Just as the scandalous affairs in which Obama Hope would become embroiled were unpredicted, one could never have anticipated how wildly Obama Hope would transform as it entered into diverse asso- ciations throughout and since early 2008. While certainly other iconic images—Uncle Sam, the Mona Lisa, the Last Supper, and most recently the Pepper Spray meme—have undergone intense transformation, no image designed for presidential campaign purposes has experienced reproduction, appropriation, and transformation on such a mass scale. In this chapter, I illustrate how the image experienced mass commodi- fication and fueled what some call Obamamania. Yet, I mostly focus on how it took an ironic rhetorical turn to become a popular enactment of parody and satire, and, in the eyes of many, a quintessential political meme. In addition, I disclose how Obama Hope has inspired a novel cybergenre called Obamicons that has become a staple in political par- ticipation on the World Wide Web. When we zoom in on such diver- gent transformations, it becomes undeniable that Obama Hope has experienced a constant process of rhetorical becoming as it has taken on unexpected functions and has actualized in surprising and some- times disturbing forms. Via this focus on rhetorical transformation, it also becomes even more clear how this single multiple image was able to achieve viral circulation and become iconic in such a short time is it drew many people into collective activity. COMMODIFICATION During the 2008 election season, Obama Hope’s transformation and cir- culation accelerated as its commodification became rampant and online news sources began reporting about the “Obamabilia craze” that was sweeping the nation. As discussed in chapter 6, Obama Hope surfaced on merchandise sold by the official Obama campaign and items Obey Giant and other companies such as Sticker Robot produced and distributed. Yet, DOI: 10.7330/9780874219784.c008 This content downloaded from 129.210.6.137 on Thu, 30 Jan 2020 05:56:50 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms Obama Hope, Parody, and Satire 203 Figure 8.1. Obama Change Print Dress, Alessandra Tarantino, 2009. Permissions by Associated Press. at street fairs, flea markets, political rallies, and online stores, those in the private sector also began producing Obama Hope on a plethora of diverse merchandise. In addition to its appearance on the expected t-shirts, sweat- shirts, and hats, it has surfaced in typical commemorative fashion on coins and medals. Yet in a more random show of artifacts, Obama Hope has also turned up on action toys, silver business-card holders, cell-phone stickers, coffee cups, water bottles, and a variety of accessories such as tennis shoes, purses, earrings, watches, ties, barrettes, and lapel pins. Obama Hope even showed up on tote bags in Ghana while its red, white, and blue style, which influenced Fairey’s Change poster, appeared on a woman’s haute couture dress in Milan, Italy (see Figure 8.1). While such commodifica- tion certainly intensified when the US National Portrait Gallery acquired the Hope collage and cemented Obama Hope’s national stardom, its com- modification did not begin then. In fact, its commodification began as soon as people realized they could profit from sales of original posters that they paid for through Fairey’s Obey website. This content downloaded from 129.210.6.137 on Thu, 30 Jan 2020 05:56:50 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms 204 Obama HOPE, PARODY, AND SATIRE The “eBayification” of the Obama Hope image became especially popular when people who had gotten hold of Fairey’s original Progress posters began selling them on eBay for prices as high as $1,000. These auctions began in February 2008, shortly after their initial publication on the Obey website. Ebay had become such a central location for cir- culating the Obama posters early, in fact, that the Wall Street Journal began tracking the prices of the Obama Progress poster on eBay during the Obama campaign (Lewis 2008). Its interactive “Obama’s ‘Progress’ Report” illustrates how prices on eBay were driven by news and events throughout the campaign. Just after Hillary Clinton conceded in June of ‘08, for instance, the poster’s price shot up to over $4,000 (Lewis 2008). Such eBay sales accelerated the circulation of the Obama Hope image in ways Fairey neither expected nor approved of. In fact, as soon as the eBay transactions began occurring without his permission, Fairey (2008) expressed disappointment on his Obey website, calling the eBay profi- teers “greedy.” He claimed all the proceeds from the Progress poster’s sales on his own Obey website were intended to generate support for Obama, not enhance the pockets of people looking to make a profit off his work. The reality is, however, that the desire for Obama Hope had become so strong that Fairey could not produce enough prints to satisfy US Americans’ desires for it. The prices of the Progress posters were thus driven up because of a lack of supply and high demand. Fairey tried to keep the prices of the Hope posters down by putting them up for sale on his website for thirty-five dollars. Yet, by April of 2008, even these posters were up for auction on eBay for over $300. At the time of writing, sales of Obama Hope in a variety of manifes- tations can still be found on eBay. An original Obama Hope poster dis- tributed at the 2008 Democratic National Convention has gone down to the thirty-five-dollar price Fairey was originally asking on his own site. But some of the items are priced quite high. While a signed edition of the Hope poster is going for $500, for instance, a limited edition of the Progress poster is up for international auction for over $13,000. A brand- new, unused, and unopened Obama Hope action figure is also available for $150, over six times its original price. Such items and others are also easily accessible on Amazon.com, other online stores, and entire websites devoted to the sales of Obama products and gifts. On Etsy, for instance, Obama Hope can be currently found stamped onto rings, mag- nets, and phone covers as well as crocheted, beaded, and weaved with dryer lint onto cloth canvases, the latter of which is on sale for $250. While it is unclear how much profit has been gained from the image’s sales on various products, it is clear that even though the campaign is This content downloaded from 129.210.6.137 on Thu, 30 Jan 2020 05:56:50 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms Obama Hope, Parody, and Satire 205 long over, Obama Hope’s commodification is still ongoing and is per- petuating its continued circulation. Desires for ownership of Obama Hope in the United States, which are both a stimulant for and a consequence of its mass commodification, vary with individuals. Obviously, people purchased Obama Hope goods to identify as Obama supporters, build alliances with other Obama supporters, and commemorate this monumental moment in US his- tory. Yet individuals also consumed Obama Hope for a wide range of other personal reasons. George Clooney, for instance, is reported to have an Obama poster hanging in his home as a reminder of his work with Obama on behalf of Darfur and the fact that he was sitting next to Obama when Garcia’s photo was taken (Gardner 2012). Young art- ist Anna Jacobs, on the other hand, claims (pers. comm.) she bought a t-shirt printed with Obama Hope simply because it was a powerful image in and of itself. Others such as Gene Mackles (pers. comm.) explain they tried to purchase a Progress poster on eBay because they liked the image and thought it would become important in the future. Still oth- ers such as artists Andy Howell and Ginger Che (pers. comm.) were con- vinced “this iconic image served to help unify a voting public in chang- ing the course of history.” Obama Hope thus reminded these artists of the power visual things can have on an entire populace. As for myself, I obtained a signed, original print of the Hope poster as inspiration to work on this research project. Hanging over my desk, the picture serves as motivation to keep writing. As is evident in such testimonies, no single cause for the rampant commodification and consumption of Obama Hope can be identified. Yet, interestingly, once Obama Hope’s mass reproduction began, people began to speculate as to why this image had become so desired.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Video Games and the Mobilization of Anxiety and Desire
    PLAYING THE CRISIS: VIDEO GAMES AND THE MOBILIZATION OF ANXIETY AND DESIRE BY ROBERT MEJIA DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Communications in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2012 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Professor Kent A. Ono, Chair Professor John Nerone Professor Clifford Christians Professor Robert A. Brookey, Northern Illinois University ABSTRACT This is a critical cultural and political economic analysis of the video game as an engine of global anxiety and desire. Attempting to move beyond conventional studies of the video game as a thing-in-itself, relatively self-contained as a textual, ludic, or even technological (in the narrow sense of the word) phenomenon, I propose that gaming has come to operate as an epistemological imperative that extends beyond the site of gaming in itself. Play and pleasure have come to affect sites of culture and the structural formation of various populations beyond those conceived of as belonging to conventional gaming populations: the workplace, consumer experiences, education, warfare, and even the practice of politics itself, amongst other domains. Indeed, the central claim of this dissertation is that the video game operates with the same political and cultural gravity as that ascribed to the prison by Michel Foucault. That is, just as the prison operated as the discursive site wherein the disciplinary imaginary was honed, so too does digital play operate as that discursive site wherein the ludic imperative has emerged. To make this claim, I have had to move beyond the conventional theoretical frameworks utilized in the analysis of video games.
    [Show full text]
  • Obama Zombies
    POLITICAL SCIENCE MARCH 2010 Jason Mattera Simultaneous Release HowObama the Liberal Machine Zombies Brainwashed My Generation Jason Mattera argues that the fierce viral marketing of President Obama during his campaign has brainwashed a generation of young voters. In 2008, Barack Obama lobotomized a generation. For an entire year, otherwise clear-thinking members of the most affluent, over-educated, information-drenched generation in American history fell prey to the most expensive, high-tech, laser-focused marketing assault in presidential campaign history. Twitter messages were machine-gunned to cell phones at mach speed. Facebook and MySpace groups spread across the Internet like digital fire. All the while, the mega-money-raising engine whirred like a slot machine stuck on jackpot. The result: an unthinking mass of young voters marched forward to elect the most radical and untested president in U.S. history. Recognized as one of the country’s top young conservative activists by Human Events, Jason Mattera created an Internet sensation with ambush video interviews that exposed clueless young liberals and cunning Democratic Read by Kirby Heyborne officials. Now he reveals the jaw-dropping lengths Barack Category: Political Science Obama and his allies in Hollywood, Washington, and Running Time: 10 hrs - Unabridged Academia went to in order to transform a legion of iPod- Hardcover: 03/30/2010 (75,000 Threshold Editions) listening, MTV-watching followers into a winning coalition Territory: US and Canada that threatens to become a long-lasting political realignment. On Sale Date: 03/30/2010 Trade 9781400116621 8 Audio CDs $34.99 Obama Zombies uncovers the true, behind-the-scenes story Library 9781400146628 8 Audio CDs $69.99 of the methods and tactics the Obama campaign unleashed MP3 9781400166626 1 MP3-CD $24.99 on youth culture.
    [Show full text]
  • Political Representation in Portugal: the Years of the Socialist Majority, 2005- 2009
    Political Representation in Portugal: The Years of the Socialist Majority, 2005- 2009 André Freire (ed.) José Manuel Leite Viegas (ed.) January 2015 Technical Details Title: Political Representation in Portugal: the years of Socialist majority, 2005-2009 Editor: André Freire Co-editor: José Manuel Leite Viegas First edition: March 2015 ISBN: 9789892053967 Edition: editor Composition: Tânia Dias Cover: Tânia Dias Electronic Format/PDF E-book version at: www.leyaonline.com/pt www.amazon.co.uk Contents Table of contents………………………………..…………i List of figures .................................................................. viii List of tables ...................................................................... xi Hermann Schmitt Forward……………………………………………….....xv André Freire Acknowledgements…………………………………….xxii 1. André Freire Introduction ................................................................. 1 References ................................................................... 34 Notes ......................................................................... 429 PART ONE 2. Conceição Pequito Teixeira and André Freire Decline, transformation and confidence in parliaments: A longitudinal and comparative perspective ................................................................. 40 Introduction ................................................................. 40 The triumph of the democratic regime and the erosion of public support for political institutions .............................................................. 41 Between institutional
    [Show full text]
  • Cowboy Politics: the Changing Frontier Myth and the Presidencies Of
    COWBOY POLITICS: THE CHANGING FRONTIER MYTH AND PRESIDENCIES OF THEODORE ROOSEVELT, LYNDON JOHNSON, RONALD REAGAN AND GEORGE W. BUSH A Dissertation Submitted to the College of Graduate Studies and Research in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Interdisciplinary Studies Graduate Program UNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN SASKATOON BY DAVID ALEXANDER SMITH © Copyright David Alexander Smith, April 2016. All rights reserved. PERMISSION TO USE In presenting this dissertation in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Postgraduate degree from the University of Saskatchewan, I agree that the Libraries of this University may make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for copying of this dissertation in any manner, in whole or in part, for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor or professors who supervised my dissertation work or, in their absence, by the Head of the Department or the Dean of the College in which my dissertation work was done. It is understood that any copying or publication of use of this dissertation or parts thereof for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. It is also understood that due recognition shall be given to me and to the University of Saskatchewan in any scholarly use which may be made of any material in my dissertation. DISCLAIMER Reference in this dissertation to any specific commercial products, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favouring by the University of Saskatchewan. The views and opinions of the author expressed herein do not state or reflect those of the University of Saskatchewan, and shall not be used for advertising or product endorsement purposes.
    [Show full text]
  • The Zombies Are Coming Comp Copy
    Complimentary Copy – Not for Distribution 1 Complimentary Copy – Not for Distribution The Zombies are Coming! The Realities of the Zombie Apocalypse in American Culture Kelly J. Baker 2 Complimentary Copy – Not for Distribution The Zombies are Coming! The Realities of the Zombie Apocalypse in American Culture Copyright © 2013 by Kelly J. Baker Cover art to the electronic edition copyright © 2013 by Bondfire Books, LLC. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote brief passages in a review. See full line of Bondfire Books titles at www.bondfirebooks.com. Electronic edition published 2013 by Bondfire Books LLC, Colorado. ISBN XXXXXXXXXXXXXX 3 Complimentary Copy – Not for Distribution The Zombies Are Coming! The Realities of the Zombie Apocalypse in American Culture Kelly J. Baker “[A] culture’s main task is to survive its own imaginative demise.”—Edward Ingebretsen1 “Dear Lord, please let there be a zombie apocalypse so I can start shooting all these motherfuckers in the face”—Someecards user card Introduction: “Mommy, zombies aren’t real” I first believed in the zombie apocalypse in the stairwell of a local parking garage. Despite the sunlight that filled much of the garage, the stairs were dark and littered with debris. As I started my descent, a vision of zombies appeared unbidden. I could imagine zombies swarming the bottom of the stairs and blocking my exit. Or perhaps, they would stumble upon me from the stairs above.
    [Show full text]
  • Obama, Structural Contradictions, and Imperatives (A Post Script)
    Obama, Structural Contradictions, and Imperatives (A Post Script) Mehdi S. Shariati, Ph.D. Professor, Economics, Sociology and Geography Kansas City Kansas City Community College This paper is a post script to an article titled “Systemic Imperatives, contradictions and the Democratic Process in the USA” which I published in 2009. It is a reflection on Obama’s presidency in light of the structural contradictions and imperatives and in particular it is an outline of the attack on or in defense of the person of Obama and as the President while neglecting the structural contradictions and systemic imperatives. By structure I mean an ensemble of powerful groups with material interests, rules and hierarchy. Structural contradictions are contradictory, problematic and irresolvable relationship between various components of the structure, and the systemic imperatives are the commandments—essential policy approach for survival of the structure (indebtedness, and mechanism of implementing social imperialism). Obama presents a unique case at the level of agency as did his role models President Abraham Lincoln, President John F. Kennedy and President Ronald Reagan. He is an African- American, an idealist, a scholar and aims at consensus building. But Obama appeared on the scene at a difficult time. On the domestic front, the economic, social and political life was characterized by fear and uncertainty and on the foreign front, the immediate future of global political and economic conditions were uncertain at best. The uniqueness was also 1 evident in the fact that the long and expensive political campaign for the Presidency of the United States began against Obama in the first year of Barack Obama’s Presidency which by comparison was unprecedented.
    [Show full text]
  • October-2017.Pdf
    Inside stories of how activist staffers countered corporate lobbies “A wonderful read.” — ROBERT REICH “ Witty and penetrating…” — NORMAN ORNSTEIN “ This book is the story of a public servant … and his fellow activist staffers, whose valiant work on consumer protection has helped millions of Americans.” — RALPH NADER “A lively and thought- provoking book…” — JAMES A. THURBER “ This may be the most important political book written about our current political dysfunction…” — MATT MYERS Available now in jacketed cloth & ebook formats. Visit us at www.vanderbiltuniversitypress.com. contents OCTOBER 2017 UP FRONT 6 The New Fight for Labor Rights 18 To survive, the labor movement needs to rethink its strategy. BY RACHEL M. COHEN 8 Losing Hearts and Minds How Trump quietly gutted a program to combat extremism. BY BENJAMIN POWERS 9 The Trump Tweetometer A look inside the president’s mind, based on his first seven months of tweets. 10 The Next Standing Rock Why is Canada green-lighting a pipeline that could kill the climate? BY BEN ADLER 12 Art of the Steal How Trump’s self-dealing helped make his book a best-seller. BY ALEX SHEPHARD COLUMNS 14 Deadbeat Democrats How Bill Clinton set the stage for the GOP’s war on the poor. BY BRYCE COVERT Lauren Underwood, 16 a nurse from Illinois, Redoing the Electoral Math is a candidate for Congress. It will take more than demographics to save the Democrats. BY JOHN B. JUDIS Running on Hope REVIEW 46 Rules for Radicals A new group of Obama aides aims to take down Trump. The right-wing economist who rigged But can Democrats win without a unified message? democracy for the rich.
    [Show full text]
  • Editor's Introduction
    | | ⅜ From the Editor Editor’s Introduction Jeffrey C. Isaac The American Political Science Association is a global orga- I raise them now because the current issue of Perspec- nization, and currently counts among its almost 15,000 tives features a theme that brings them to the fore—the members nearly 3000 individuals who are citizens of theme of the Obama Presidency. Not yet two years in nation-states other than the US. And only half of its 1600 office, President Barack Obama has become the topic of institutional subscribers are North American. At the same intense and often vitriolic controversy. The first African- time, the contemporary political science discipline that it American President in US history, his election seemed to represents, however cosmopolitan, is deeply rooted in the symbolize an “audacity of hope” about the future. And yet distinctive historical experiences of the United States. As within virtual days of taking office, amidst a serious finan- Ira Katznelson and Helen V. Milner observed in their 2002 cial crisis that clearly predated his election, President Centennial edition of Political Science: State of the Disci- Obama—seemingly by virtue of his very existence— pline, the professional association responsible for publish- provoked the heightened agitation first of a “Birther” move- ing the words you are now reading was born in the United ment raising questions about his very identity as an States during the Progressive Era, as an effort to more authentic American citizen, and then a broader “Tea Party” scientifically and thus more usefully understand the evolv- movement that has regarded him as a veritable King ing American state and its national citizenship: “American George III visiting a “long train of abuses” upon the Amer- ⅜ political science has specialized in developing particular ican people.
    [Show full text]
  • San Diego Public Library New Additions May 2010
    San Diego Public Library New Additions May 2010 Adult Materials 000 - Computer Science and Generalities California Room 100 - Philosophy & Psychology CD-ROMs 200 - Religion Compact Discs 300 - Social Sciences DVD Videos/Videocassettes 400 - Language eAudiobooks & eBooks 500 - Science Fiction 600 - Technology Foreign Languages 700 - Art Genealogy Room 800 - Literature Graphic Novels 900 - Geography & History Large Print Audiocassettes MP3 Audiobooks Audiovisual Materials Newspaper Room Biographies Wangenheim Collection Fiction Call # Author Title FIC/ABRAHAM Abraham, Pearl American Taliban FIC/ACHEBE Achebe, Chinua. Anthills of the savannah FIC/ADAMS Adams, Carrie. The stepmother [SCI-FI] FIC/ADAMS Adams, Douglas Life, the universe, and everything [SCI-FI] FIC/ADAMS Adams, Douglas The hitchhiker's guide to the galaxy [SCI-FI] FIC/ADAMS Adams, Douglas The salmon of doubt FIC/ADAMS Adams, Lorraine. The room and the chair FIC/ADAMS Adams, Stacy Hawkins Dreams that won't let go FIC/AIDAN Aidan, Pamela. An assembly such as this FIC/AJVAZ Ajvaz, Michal The other city [MYST] FIC/ALBERT Albert, Susan Wittig. Holly blues [MYST] FIC/ALBERT Albert, Susan Wittig. Wormwood FIC/ALCOTT Alcott, Louisa May Behind a mask [MYST] FIC/ALEXANDER Alexander, Tasha Tears of pearl FIC/ALLEN Allen, Preston L. Jesus boy FIC/ALLEN Allen, Sarah Addison. Garden spells [MYST] FIC/ALLEYN Alleyn, Susanne The cavalier of the apocalypse FIC/ANDREWS Andrews, Mary Kay The fixer upper FIC/ANSHAW Anshaw, Carol. Lucky in the corner [SCI-FI] FIC/ANTHONY Anthony, Piers. Omnivore FIC/ANTON Anton, Maggie. Jehoved FIC/APPELFELD Appelfeld, Aron. Blooms of darkness FIC/ARMSTRONG Armstrong, Kelley. Bitten FIC/ARMSTRONG Armstrong, Kelley. Personal demon FIC/ARMSTRONG Armstrong, Kelley.
    [Show full text]
  • 133748 Uncertain Lives.Pdf
    Uncertain Lives Uncertain Lives: Culture, Race and Neoliberalism in Australia By Jon Stratton (Curtin University, Australia) Uncertain Lives: Culture, Race and Neoliberalism in Australia, by Jon Stratton This book first published 2011 Cambridge Scholars Publishing 12 Back Chapman Street, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2XX, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2011 by Jon Stratton All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-4438-3301-0, ISBN (13): 978-1-4438-3301-1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements ................................................................................... vii Introduction ................................................................................................. 1 The Neoliberal Exclusionary Order in Australia: Race, Religion and Incarceration Chapter One............................................................................................... 29 Two Rescues, One History: Everyday Racism in Australia Chapter Two .............................................................................................. 55 The Murderous State: The Naturalisation of Violence and Exclusion in the Films of Neoliberal Australia Chapter Three ...........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Poe's Law, Group Polarization, and Argumentative Failure in Religious and Political Discourse Scott F
    This article was downloaded by: [VUL Vanderbilt University], [Scott Aikin] On: 31 August 2012, At: 06:16 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Social Semiotics Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/csos20 Poe's Law, group polarization, and argumentative failure in religious and political discourse Scott F. Aikin a a Department of Philosophy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA Version of record first published: 31 Aug 2012 To cite this article: Scott F. Aikin (2012): Poe's Law, group polarization, and argumentative failure in religious and political discourse, Social Semiotics, DOI:10.1080/10350330.2012.719728 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10350330.2012.719728 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and- conditions This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae, and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand, or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material.
    [Show full text]
  • CPAC 2013 Schedule
    SCHEDULE OF EVENTS AMERICA’S FUTURE: THE NEXT GENERATION OF CONSERVATIVES (Subject to Change) New Challenges, Timeless Principles Updated: 3/12/13 10:32 PM THURSDAY, MARCH 14, 2013 8:00 General Session Doors Open Potomac Ballroom 8:42 Emcee: Katie Pavlich, News Editor, Townhall Potomac Ballroom 8:44 Call to Order Potomac Ballroom Gregg Keller, Executive Director, American Conservative Union 8:46 Invocation Potomac Ballroom Bethany Bowra, Founder, Next Generation of Voters 8:47 Presentation of Colors Potomac Ballroom The Citadel Republican Society Color Guard 8:48 National Anthem Potomac Ballroom Jordan Hostetter 8:49 Pledge of Allegiance Potomac Ballroom Charles Blain 8:50 Welcome Remarks Potomac Ballroom Al Cardenas, Chairman, American Conservative Union 9:00 The Honorable Ken Cuccinelli, Virginia Attorney General Potomac Ballroom 9:00 Movie Screening: 3801 Lancaster, On February 18, 2010, the FBI and Chesapeake 4-6 detectives from the Philadelphia District Attorney’s Office raided the Women’s Medical Society, a clinic in West Philadelphia…what they found was unthinkable. Panel discussion to follow, 21 minutes Sponsored by Citizens United. Open to all registered CPAC 2013 attendees. 9:00 Bagels and Books with ISI Chesapeake G-H Sponsored by The Intercollegiate Studies Institute. Open to all registered CPAC 2013 attendees. 9:15 The Honorable Allen West, former U.S. Representative Potomac Ballroom 9:30 The Honorable Pat Toomey, U.S. Senator (R-PA) Potomac Ballroom 9:30 Panel: “The Great Books of Conservatism” Chesapeake G-H Harry Veryser, Professor of Economics, The University of Detroit Jeffrey Nelson, Executive Vice President, Intercollegiate Studies Insitute Paul Kengor, Professor of Political Science, Grove City College, on Whittaker Chambers’ Witness Gerald Russello, Editor, The University Bookman Sponsored by The Intercollegiate Studies Institute.
    [Show full text]